Chapter D National Coal Resource The Colorado Plateau Geographic Assessment Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library
Click here to return to Disc 1 By Laura R.H. Biewick1 and Tracey J. Mercier2 Volume Table of Contents
Chapter D of Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah Edited by M.A. Kirschbaum, L.N.R. Roberts, and L.R.H. Biewick
U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1625–B*
1 U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado 80225 2 U.S. Geological Survey contract employee, Denver, Colorado 80225 * This report, although in the USGS Professional Paper series, is available only on CD-ROM and is not available separately
U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Contents
Introduction ...... D1 Purpose ...... 1 What is the Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS)?...... 1 How Were the Data Collected and Compiled?...... 4 The Colorado Plateau ArcView Project ...... 8 General Discussion ...... 8 The ArcView Project Views ...... 9 Software is Provided! ...... 12 Colorado Plateau ArcView Project Design ...... 12 System Requirements ...... 12 Getting Started ...... 12 The ArcView Project Help File...... 13 Regional Views...... 15 Tool Bar (Views) ...... 16 Hot Links (Regional Views)...... 17 Assessment Area Views...... 18 Hard-Copy Prints...... 19 Tool Bar (Layouts)...... 20 Glossary of ArcView Terms...... 21 Project Window ...... 21 View Window...... 21 Themes ...... 22 Table Window...... 23 Layout Window ...... 23 Use of this Project with ArcView 3.1 ...... 24 Data Library ...... 25 How to Find Files...... 25 Data Formats ...... 25 Data Structure...... 26 Metadata...... 36 ARC/INFO and Unix Platform Considerations ...... 37 ARC/INFO: Global Variables ...... 37 Unix System Level: Aliases ...... 37 Acknowledgments...... 38 References Cited ...... 38 Glossary...... 39 Appendix ...... 40 Executive Order 12906...... 40 Metadata Tools...... 40 xtme, cns (Chew and Spit), and mp ...... 40 Document.aml 7.0.4 Beta...... 42 ArcView 3.0 Metadata Collector Extension...... 42 Corpsmet95 ...... 43
Figures
1. Map showing the Colorado Plateau assessment areas included in the ArcView project...... D2 2. Diagram illustrating the concept of spatial integration of layers in GIS ...... 3 3. Example showing vector data acquired for the Lower White River assessment area, Colorado ...... 5 4. Example portion of a cross section showing coal in the Fruitland Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico...... 6 5. Example of displaying data layers (themes) in the Wasatch Plateau assessment area by “toggling” the check box on or off ...... 8 6. Example view of oil and gas provinces and plays in the Colorado Plateau, showing methods of choosing an assessment area view...... 13 7. Example of an assessment area view selection as seen in the Colorado Plateau ArcView project...... 14 8. The Colorado Plateau GIS data-library structure ...... 24 9. Data library—Colorado Plateau regional files ...... 28 10. Data library—Danforth Hills assessment area ...... 29 11. Data library—Kaiparowits Plateau assessment area...... 30 12. Data library—Lower White River assessment area...... 31 13. Data library—Southern Piceance Basin assessment area ...... 32 14. Data library—San Juan Basin assessment area...... 33 15. Data library—Southern Wasatch Plateau assessment area...... 34 16. Data library—Yampa assessment area...... 35 17. An example of the xtme graphical user interface...... 40 18. Metadata preprocessor—cns syntax...... 41 19. A compiler for formal metadata—mp syntax ...... 41 20. Metadata documentation utility—document.aml syntax ...... 42 21. ArcView 3.0 metadata collector extension dialog ...... 42 22. Corpsmet metadata creation tool ...... 43 Tables
1. Example of an attribute table containing categories for which coal-tonnage estimates are reported...... D7 2. List of ArcView views, example view graphics, and references to technical reports on this CD-ROM...... 9 3. GIS file-naming conventions used...... 27 The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library
By Laura R.H. Biewick and Tracey J. Mercier
Introduction
Purpose
Coal geology and resources of the Colorado Plateau in Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona (fi g. 1) were assessed as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Coal Resource Assessment project. The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS) is a digital compilation of the assessment data developed by the USGS to analyze, display, and communicate the complex geologic relationships evaluated within the Colorado Plateau region. Automation of the coal-resource-assessment process allows fl exibility in scientifi c interpretations, provides a base line of geologic information for future coal assessments and creates a method for rapidly distributing results. This document describes the Colorado Plateau GIS, its components, and how the system developed by the USGS is used. Illustrated in fi gure 1 is the location of coal-bearing rocks in the Colorado Plateau and the coal assessment areas included in this GIS.
What is the Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS)?
A simplifi ed defi nition of a geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system capable of storing and analyzing digital data describing places on the Earth’s surface (ESRI, 1994). Many computer programs, such as spreadsheets or drafting packages, can process data describing simple geographic relationships but are not thought of as a GIS because they do not permit complex queries nor geospatial operations such as buffering, proximity analysis, or unions (geometric intersections of geographic features and their characteristics). The benefi t and power of a GIS is that any attribute attached to a spatially referenced location on the Earth’s surface can be evaluated and displayed in a spatial context with other similar or disparate attributes. Only the type of attributes at a location, the resolution or quality of the data, and the imagination of the digital-processing operator limits GIS.
D1 D2 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
80 Lower Danforth Salt Lake City White Hills River Yampa
70 Denver Metro Area Southern Southern Wasatch Piceance Basin Plateau Grand Junction 70
Cedar City 15 25 Kaiparowits Plateau UT CO AZ NM San Juan Basin
Santa Fe
Flagstaff 40 40 Albuquerque
17 Study area N
Utah Co un ties Ro ads Colorado Phoenix Rai lroad s Ci ti es Coal-Bearing Strata Coal Assessment Areas Arizona New Mexico with ArcView Project Cretaceous Coal-bearing Rocks Colorado Plateau study area
Figure 1. Map showing the Colorado Plateau assessment areas included in the ArcView project. The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D3
The Colorado Plateau GIS combines digital geologic and geographic layers of information into a reference (latitude and longitude) system permitting Data layer 3: spatial queries, multiple visual representations, and analysis of coal resource Coal thickness information. Typical parameters or layers may include surface elevation, coal-bed or coal-zone elevations, overburden, coal-bed or coal-zone thicknesses, inclination of strata (dip), surface and mineral ownership, and administrative boundary information. Once the geographic and geologic data layers are georeferenced and combined (fi g. 2), logical operations, spatial manipulation, and queries of the data may be performed. Typical queries relevant to the coal resource analysis may include: Data layer 2: 1. Which major cities in the United States are within 10 mi of a coal fi eld? 2. How much coal is within 1,000 ft of the surface in the Gunnison National Inclination of strata Forest? 3. What is the coal energy endowment of public lands within the Danforth Hills coal fi eld of northwest Colorado?
The information produced as a result of these queries is useful for scientifi c research and land-use planning by Federal and other land-management agencies, and for shaping domestic energy resource policies. The Colorado Plateau GIS was produced by utilizing the capabilities Data layer 1: of Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI, 1998) ARC/INFO and Overburden ArcView software, and Dynamic Graphics, Inc. (DGI, 1997) EarthVision software. ARC/INFO consists of a number of spatial-editing and analysis modules whose strength is in digital data manipulation. ArcView is a desktop GIS package with an easy-to-use, point-and-click graphical user interface for information analysis, display, and delivery. EarthVision is a program that provides tools for automated surface modeling, mapping, and analysis. The Colorado Plateau GIS provides coal-geology data in an ArcView project. The ArcView project is described in detail below. Figure 2. Diagram illustrating the concept of spatial integration of layers in GIS. Modifi ed from Hettinger (chap. T, this CD-ROM). D4 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
How Were the Data Collected and Compiled?
Information included in this data compilation was often derived from other published reports and maps generated by numerous State and Federal agencies, cities, hydrology, counties, townships, quadrangles, geology, structural features, land including the USGS. Much of the data existed in multiple, incompatible, and hard- management, and Federal mineral ownership (fi g. 3). Occasionally, vector data were copy formats, sourced from various scales and covering limited extents in the study generated specifi cally for this study through partnerships with other State and Federal areas. Without further processing, the data was often unusable. Much work was agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and State geological required of project geologists to develop the surface and subsurface geologic data surveys. Other vector sources included downloading fi les from World Wide Web data used in this assessment. This processing included fi eld work and interpretations of sites and fi le transfer protocol (ftp) from Unix servers at numerous agencies. Data geophysical log signatures from coal and oil-and-gas exploratory drill holes. Much not yet available in digital form from external sources were derived by contracting work was also required to review, convert, and quality-control the input data, develop individuals to scan and digitize existing or newly drafted maps. Vector data formats consistent themes, and generate regional and assessment-area coverages. were many and varied; information was in MOSS, Microsoft Excel, ARC/INFO Two general types of information are included in this GIS and were used to EXPORT, and shapefi les to name a few. generate the analytical portion of the Colorado Plateau Coal Assessment: vector data Raster is a cellular data structure composed of rows and columns. Groups and raster data. Vector data is a coordinate-based (x, y) data structure commonly of cells (pixels) represent features. Raster digital elevation model (DEM) data used to represent linear map features. The types of vector data acquired for were acquired from the USGS National Mapping Division. Coal and overburden this study include geologic and geographic data layers that defi ne coal-bed or thickness raster fi les were generated in EarthVision. Raster fi les were processed and coal-zone outcrops, study-area boundaries, coal mine and lease boundaries, roads, reformatted as needed using ARC/INFO, ArcView, and EarthVision. The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D5
N
5N 97W
Explanation Elk Springs Cities Faults 4N
Anticlines / Synclines Massadona 40 Blue Mountain Dinosaur Deserado Logical Mining Unit MOFFAT CO. Roads 3N Hydrology Townships 2N Counties 64 64 Deserado Federal Minerals Ownership ALL Rangely
COAL 1N NONE Deserado Surface Ownership BLM PRIVATE 1S STATE Geology
Quaternary 2S Browns Park Fm. Wasatch Fm. Wasatch-Green River Fm. Lower Green River Fm. 3S Upper Mesaverde Fm. 139 Lo wer Mes averde Fm. RIO BLANCO CO. Williams Fork Fm. GARFIELD CO. 4S Ile s Fm. Sego & Castlegate Ss 50510Miles 5S 97W
103W 10 2W 101W 100W 99W 98 W
Figure 3. Example showing vector data acquired for the Lower White River assessment area, Colorado. Modifi ed from Brownfi eld and others (chap. N, this CD-ROM). D6 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
The data formats included on this 13 14 CD-ROM are discussed below (see Data San Juan 28-7 30 San Juan 29-7 65 15 16
Formats section). 23 Daum 4A Barron Kid 7 17 25 To derive and develop coal resource Rosa Unit 24 Ojo 24 24 26 information and statistics reported in this 26 Alamo 28 study, many software programs were used. 25 27 25 27 Generally, the sequence used to develop Sandstone 29 26 28 coal resource summary statistics included 26 28 30 the following: 27 29 27 29 1. Acquisition of coal stratigraphic Farmington 31 28 30 and analytical data. 28 30 Sandstone 32 2. Entry and input of data into a 29 31 29 31 database management system 33 Fruitland 30 32 (DBMS). 30 32 3. Identifi cation and correlation of 34 Formation 31 33 31 33 coal beds and coal zones (fi g. 4). 35 32 34 4. Surface modeling of coal beds and 32 34 coal zones. 36 33 35 33 35 Pictured Cliffs 5. Conversion and transfer of vector 37
34 36 and raster (pixel) data into a GIS. 34 36 Sandstone 6. Spatial integration of data layers 38 35 37 35 37 using surface modeling and GIS 39 GR
36 Induction processing and procedures. GR 38 36 38 7. Calculation and tabulation of coal 40 37 resource tonnages by categories, 37 39 39 Lewis 41 38 including: 38 40 40 a. coal thickness. 42 39 b. overburden thickness. 39 Shale 41 41 43
c. land management status. 40 42 40 42 d. Federal mineral ownership. 44 Datum: Huerfanito 41 43 41 43 Bentonite Bed
5.3 3.6 4.1 5.3
Figure 4. Example portion of a cross section showing coal (black bands) in the Fruitland Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Modifi ed from Fassett, (chap. Q, this CD-ROM). The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D7
The fi nal coal resource coverages contain many layers of information that have been combined into one fi le; accompanying attributes defi ne the categories for which tonnage estimates are reported (table 1) in each of the assessment area chapters. A description of the coal resource calculation methodology is found in Roberts and others (chap. C, this CD-ROM) and Roberts and Biewick (1999). The coal resource data tables and summary statistics are provided for each of the assessment areas within the technical report chapters on this CD-ROM. The processing sequence, manipulation routines, and procedures are described in the metadata documentation for each of the GIS layers (see Metadata section).
Tab le 1. Example of an attribute table containing categories for which coal-tonnage estimates are reported.
[FS, U.S. Forest Service; fed, Federal; hypo, hypothetical; 33S2E, T. 33 S., R. 2 E.]
7.5' quadrangle County Overburden Surface Coal Township Reliability Dip Net-coal (Utah) (ft x 1,000) management ownership and Range (degrees) thickness (ft)
Posy Lake Garfield 0-1 FS fed 33S2E hypo 12-25 35 Posy Lake Garfield 0-1 FS fed 33S2E hypo 12-25 45 Posy Lake Garfield 0-1 FS fed 33S2E hypo 6-12 45 Posy Lake Garfield 0-1 FS fed 33S2E hypo 6-12 35 Posy Lake Garfield 0-1 FS fed 33S2E hypo 0-6 45 Posy Lake Garfield 0-1 FS fed 33S2E hypo 0-6 45 Posy Lake Garfield 0-1 FS fed 33S2E hypo 12-25 25 Posy Lake Garfield 1-2 FS fed 33S2E hypo 0-6 45 Posy Lake Garfield 0-1 FS fed 33S2E hypo 0-6 35 Barker Reservoir Garfield 3-6 FS fed 33S1E hypo 6-12 125 Posy Lake Garfield 1-2 FS fed 33S2E hypo 0-6 45 Barker Reservoir Garfield 3-6 FS fed 33S1E hypo 6-12 115 Posy Lake Garfield 0-1 FS fed 33S2E hypo 12-25 25 Posy Lake Garfield 0-1 FS fed 33S2E hypo 12-25 35 D8 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
The Colorado Plateau ArcView Project
General Discussion
A major component of the Colorado Plateau coal assessment GIS is the Colorado Plateau ArcView project (CP_AVP). CP_AVP provides a means of presenting the digital data provided for the geologic assessment of coal in the Colorado Explanation Plateau. CP_AVP consists of “views,” each of which is composed T19S of numerous “themes.” Each theme represents a different layer Mine locations of information or different feature on the Earth’s surface. The X Faults Mapped themes may be interactively displayed by “toggling on or off.” Inferred Ferron Figure 5 is an example of a map display of themes that include Concealed landforms, geology, faults, townships, roads, and towns in the X Roads T20S southern Wasatch Plateau. The view includes additional themes Roads State highways (e.g., hydrology, counties, and mine locations) that are not shown I-70 because they have been “toggled off.” The ability of the user Hydrology to interact with, or reorder, the information represented by the Counties T21S themes in the views allows a better understanding of the spatial X Townships representation of the resource information. 7.5-minute quadrangles With the ability to manipulate the digital data sets, for Structure on top of Star Point Ss Wasatch coal zone boundary Em ery example, to edit and perform detailed queries, comes the Sufco mine T22S responsibility to use the data appropriately. Descriptions of each Sufco of the GIS layers are provided in the metadata documentation X Geology 70 (see Metadata section), and detailed descriptions of the coal Cretaceous-Tertiary geology and resources are provided in each of the technical Blackhawk Fm Star Point Ss 70 T23S report chapters on this CD-ROM. The technical report chapters Mancos Shale can be accessed in a separate window while working in CP_AVP. Information on how to access the technical reports is contained in the readme file on disc 1 in this two-CD-ROM set. N The technical reports contain links in Adobe Acrobat (version 4.0 or later; Adobe Systems, Inc., 1997)—by means of bookmarks, T24S thumbnails, or the report’s table of contents—to quickly access the appropriate geologic information. 20246Miles T25S
T18S R3E R4E R5E R6E R7E
Figure 5. Example of displaying data layers (themes) in the Wasatch Plateau assessment area by “toggling” the check box on or off. Modifi ed from Dubiel and others (chap. S, this CD-ROM). The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D9
The ArcView Project Views
Table 2. List of ArcView views, example view graphics, and references to technical reports on this CD-ROM. CP_AVP is a compilation of views [app., Appendix number] displayed at regional and site-specifi c scales. Regional views summarize broader aspects of the geography and coal geology of the Colorado View List Report References Plateau area, whereas site-specifi c views show detailed coal resource assessment information Colorado Plateau Regional Views within specifi c assessment areas of the Colorado Plateau. The views provided in this publication are listed on table 2. Also provided on table Location within the U.S. 2 are example view graphics and references to Assessment Areas with ArcView Project Kirschbaum (chap. A, this CD-ROM) technical reports on this CD-ROM that provide Coal Fields Kirschbaum and Biewick (chap. B, this CD-ROM) detailed coal geology and resource information. Coal Rank Kirschbaum and Biewick; Affolter (chaps. B and G) Coal Geochemistry Affolter (chap. G, this CD-ROM) Coal-Bed Gas Plays Kirschbaum (chap. A, this CD-ROM) Land Management Molnia and others (chap. E, this CD-ROM)
View List Report References and Example View Graphic
Danforth Hills Assessment Area Brownfield and others (chap. M, app. 2)
#S Geography and Geology #S #S
#S #S
A Zone Coal Maps #S #S #S #S #S #S #S
#S #S #S #S #S B Zone Coal Maps #S #S #S #S #S #S
#S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S C Zone Coal Maps #S #S #S #S #S #S
#S #S #S #S #S #S D Zone Coal Maps #S
#S
E Zone Coal Maps #S#S #S #S #S
#S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S F Zone Coal Maps #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S#S #S #S #S #S #S#S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S G Zone Coal Maps #S Ownership D10 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
Table 2. List of ArcView views, example view graphics, and references to technical reports on this CD-ROM—Continued.
View List Report References and Example View Graphic Hettinger and others (chap. T, app. 6) Kaiparowits Plateau Assessment Area
#S #S #S
#S #S
#S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S Geography and Geology #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S#S #S#S #S #S #S #S#S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S GARF IELD CO. #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S KANE CO. #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S#S #S #S #S #S #S #S#S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S Coal Maps #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S#S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S#S#S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S#S#S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S#S #S #S #S#S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S Ownership #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S ell #S e Pow Lak Summary SAN JUA N CO.
View List Report References and Example View Graphic Brownfield and others (chap. N, app. 2) Lower White River Assessment Area
#S #S
#S #S #S
Geography and Geology #S
#S Deserado Study Area -- B Zone Coal Maps #S #S #S
Deserado Study Area -- D Zone Coal Maps #S
#S
Deserado Study Area Ownership #S
View List Report References and Example View Graphic
S. Piceance Basin Assessment Area Hettinger and others (chap. O, app. 6)
4S 103W 4S 1 0 2W 4S 1 0 1W 4S 1 0 0W 4S 9 9 W 4S 9 8 W 4S 97W 4S 9 6 W 4S 95W4S 94W 4S 93W 4S 92W 4S 91W
#S #S #S 4S 104W #S 0 #S 0 #S 0 #S #S #S 5 #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S 0 #S -3 0 - 5 0 2 0 0 0 -4 5S 1 0 4W #S 6 0 5 0 #S #S #S #S #S 0 0 #S 0 #S #S #S 5 0 #S 5S 90W #S 5 #S #S
#S 0
0 #S #S 5 #S -4 0 5 00 - #S #S #S #S 1 #S 0 #S #S 0 #S 0 #S -25 #S #S 00 -3 0 #S #S 6S 1 0 5W #S #S #S #S #S #S 00 #S#S Geography and Geology #S #S #S #S #S 6S 89W #S #S -5 #S 6 0 5 #S #S #S 0 00 #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S 600 #S #S #S 5 #S -1 -2 0 #S 0 0 #S #S #S 5 00 00 #S #S #S #S 0 #S #S #S #S #S #S 6 #S #S #S#S #S #S 70 50 0 #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S 00 #S #S #S #S #S #S 600 0 #S #S #S #S #S 7S 1 0 5W 65 #S #S #S #S #S #S #S 0 #S #S #S #S #S 7S 89W #S 0 #S #S 2 #S #S #S 0 0 #S #S #S #S #S #S 0 #S #S #S#S #S 0 00 6 #S #S #S #S 6 #S 0 #S #S #S #S 0 #S #S 0 #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S Cameo / Wheeler Coal Zone Maps #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S#S #S 1 #S 8S 1 0 5W #S #S #S 00 #S #S #S #S #S #S 0 #S #S 8S 88W #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S 60 6 #S #S #S #S 0#S0 #S#S #S #S #S#S 00 #S #S 150 #S #S #S 0 5 #S 0 #S #S #S #S #S #S #S 00 #S #S #S 60 #S#S 0 #S #S #S 0 #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S0 #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S 0 9S 104W #S #S #S #S #S #S 0 #S #S #S 0 9S 88W 6 #S #S #S #S 0 #S 5 #S #S 8 0 0 50 #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S 0 #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S 900 0 Coal Ridge Coal Zone Maps #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S 60#S0 #S #S #S #S #S 0 .0 0 #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S 10S 104W #S#S #S #S #S #S #S#S #S #S #S #S #S #S 10S 8 7W #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S 5 00 #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S#S #S #S #S #S #S #S 8 #S #S #S #S #S#S #S75 00.0 0 #S #S #S #S 250 #S #S #S#S #S #S 0 #S 10 S 1 03W #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S#S 9 5 #S 0 #S0 #S 1N 3W 3 00 0 #S #S 11S 87W #S 50 0 3 #S #S Crested Butte Coal Maps #S #S #S #S 1S 1 W #S #S #S 400 0 000 85 9 11 S 1 01W 00 #S #S 50 0 #S 4 #S #S #S #S 500 0 #S 12S 87W #S #S #S #S 65 00 5 00 80 5 #S 0 0 12 S 9 9W 0 50 0 600 0 #S 1 12S 100W 70 #S #S #S #S #S #S #S 0 650 0 0 #S #S #S #S#S #S #S#S #S#S#S #S #S #S #S 6 0 #S 5 0 #S #S #S #S #S #S #S #S#S #S#S#S #S #S #S#S 0 0 #S#S #S 0#S0 700 0#S #S #S #S #S #S #S 0 0 #S #S 70 #S #S #S #S#S#S #S 1 13 S 8 6W 7 5 #S #S #S #S #S 1 #S Cameo / Fairfield Coal Group Maps 0 #S #S #S #S#S 0 0 #S #S #S #S #S 8 5 #S 5 9 0 8 750 0 #S #S #S 0 5 0 #S 0 #S #S 00 0#S #S #S #S 0 0 #S 00 #S #S 7 #S #S #S #S#S 0 3S 2E #S #S #S 0 00 #S #S 9 #S#S #S 13S 99W #S#S #S #S #S #S #S#S #S0 #S 0 7000 0 #S 9 #S 14 #S 900 0 8 8 #S 5 0 750 0 00 00 #S #S 800 0 0
0 #S 850 0 #S0 0 0 500 0 0 0 14S 98W 14 S 9 6W 14 S 9 5W 14 S 9 4W 14 S 9 3W 8 0 1 5 9 9 0 0 00 5 South Canyon Coal Zone Maps 9 0 1 0 4S 3E 9 15 15S 92W 00 0
0 0 90
Ownership 51N 7W 51 N 6 W
50 N1 W 50 N1 E 51 N5 W 51N 3W The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D11
Table 2. List of ArcView views, example view graphics, and references to technical reports on this CD-ROM—Continued.
View List Report References and Example View Graphic Fassett (chap. Q, app. 6) San Juan Basin Assessment Area
LA PLATA AR CHU LET A
MO NT EZU MA
DO 3 2 .0 N XIC O T3N 2
T3N 1
T3N 0 Geography and Geology T2N 9 RIO ARRIBA T2N 8
SAN JUAN
T2 4 N
Coal Maps T2 3 N SANDOVAL T2 2 N
T2 1 N
T2 0 N
Ownership T1 9 N MCK IN LEY
View List Report References and Example View Graphic
S. Wasatch Plateau Assessment Area Dubiel and others (chap. S, app. 2)
T18S R3E R4E R5E R6E R7E
T19S
Fer ron
T20S SA N P ETE C O . EM ER Y C O . Geography and Geology SE VI ER C O. T21S
Emery
T22S -,.70
Coal Maps 70 -,. T23S
Ownership T24S T25S
View List Report References and Example View Graphic
Yampa Assessment Area Johnson and others (chap. P, app. 7)
9N
Geography and Geology 8N "!13
7N
A Zone Coal Maps Lay #S Cr ai g 40 #S /( Ha yd en 40 #S /( #S B Zone Coal Maps Miln er 6N
5N
Ha m il to n #S
#S C Zone Coal Maps Moffat 4N Ax ia l #S Oa k C r ee k #S
"!13 #S D Zone Coal Maps Phippsb urg 3N 13"! 1
Ya m pa #S
86W Ownership 94 W 93W 92 W 91 W 90 W 89 W 88 W 87W 2N 8 5W D12 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
Software is Provided! Windows 95. • Operating system—Windows NT 4.0 or higher, or Windows 95 or higher. Another signifi cant development of the Colorado Plateau ArcView Project is • Display or monitor—15-inch minimum display size video graphics adapter the inclusion of the ArcView Data Publisher (AVDP), which is basically a read-only (VGA), or better, resolution monitor. Display settings are 16-bit color depth version of ArcView GIS version 3.1 software. The AVDP enables end users to access or 65,536 colors, and 1,024×768 pixels. the capabilities of the ArcView project without requiring ownership of the ArcView • Pointing device—A Microsoft mouse or compatible pointing device. software package. This arrangement and capability was made possible by exclusive • Printer—Optional. agreements with ESRI (ESRI, 1999). AVDP allows manipulation of the ArcView project data and themes provided in this publication, but does not allow one to save or Getting Started “write” modifi cations to the ArcView project. In order to use CP_AVP to analyze the Colorado Plateau coal assessment spatial data, the end user must fi rst install the software by running “setup.exe.” The setup Colorado Plateau ArcView Project Design program presents four installation options: • Leave All Program and Data Files on the CD-ROM Being a custom, simplifi ed interface, much of the standard ArcView 3.1 This option uses little or no disk space on the user’s computer but, as a result, functionality, while included, is hidden from the user. Information is obtained has the slowest performance. primarily via pull-down menus, pop-up windows, and by pointing and clicking on • Download the Program Files Only views—panning and zooming is determined by the user. Any changes or additions This option is the default; it improves performance by installing the software, to the project made during a session are lost upon exiting. Users having ArcView about 32 MB, to a user-specifi ed directory, but leaves the data on the 3.1 software may use this project as well (see section entitled, Use of this Project CD-ROM. with ArcView 3.1). • Download All Files This option has the best performance but requires the user to download hundreds of megabytes of software (32 MB) and data (about 230 MB) to a System Requirements hard disk. • Download the Data Files Only Although the GIS data fi les (see Data Formats section) can be accessed on This option improves performance by installing the data, about 230 MB, to a many computer platforms (including Macintosh, Windows, and Unix), the ArcView user-specifi ed directory, but leaves the software on the CD-ROM. This option Data Publisher software on this CD-ROM requires the Windows operating system. might be chosen by an ArcView (version 3.1 or later) user. In this case, use CP_AVP can be run on any Intel-based computer that runs Microsoft Windows the ArcView project that is designed for ArcView users and resides on disc 2 NT 4.0 or higher, or Windows 95 or higher (hereafter referred to as Windows NT (see section entitled, Use of this Project with ArcView 3.1). and Windows 95) if the system has the required minimum random access memory Once the setup is complete, an ArcView Data Publisher 3.1 program group, (RAM) and virtual memory. The list below provides the minimum and also the accessible through the Windows Start, Programs menu, is created with two icons: one recommended requirements for installing and running CP_AVP. for the CP_AVP named Colorado Plateau ArcView Project and another named Read • Computer—An industry-standard personal computer with at least a Pentium Me having information about the AVDP product. or higher Intel-based microprocessor, a hard disk, and a CD-ROM drive. Double-clicking the Colorado Plateau ArcView Project icon starts CP_AVP by Because of the size of the fi les, the recommended minimum CPU speed is loading the program, source data, and custom scripts as directed by the ArcView 200 MHz. However, this ArcView project will run better on a computer with project fi le cpca.apr. While the project opens, the title page for the Geologic 400 MHz. Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau is temporarily displayed. Upon opening, • RAM—To run CP_AVP, you will need at least 24 MB RAM (32 MB the project displays a view showing coal-bearing strata in the Colorado Plateau recommended). You will also need at least 17 MB virtual memory (permanent study area. The assessment areas included in the ArcView project are labeled and or temporary virtual memory). Memory is automatically allocated for highlighted. The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D13
The ArcView Project Help File
The CP_AVP help fi le provides some tailored help to get users started. Much of the information presented is discussed in more detail in the online ArcView help fi les that are accessible from the main menu of the ArcView project. The assessment area views contain a variety of themes, such as landforms, water, coal-bed or coal-zone boundaries, leased areas, county boundaries, etc. Themes may be “toggled on and off” interactively by the user in order to present the data in different ways. Monochrome colors were used in color ramps, with low values represented by light colors and high values represented by dark colors. A particular assessment area may be chosen from the opening regional view allowing the data to be viewed in greater detail and queried. There are several ways to accomplish this. The table of contents to the left of the view map display window in fi gure 6 shows the theme labeled ‘Link to Assessment Area’ in a raised box; this is the active theme. Themes are activated by a single click on the theme label. To make the theme visible, toggle the checkbox located in the table of contents at the far left edge of the theme name. With this theme active, simply click with the fi nger icon on one of the assessment areas. This opens the assessment area geography and geology view.
Figure 6. Example view of oil and gas provinces and plays in the Colorado Plateau, showing methods of choosing an assessment area view. D14 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
Another method of choosing an assessment area is to click on the Assessment Area Views menu in the top menu bar, which activates a pull-down list of the assessment areas. A single mouse click on one of the assessment areas activates a pop-up window containing a list of the available assessment area views. Content of the assessment area views includes (fi g 7.):
• ‘Assessment area’ Geography and Geology: Locates the assessment area within surrounding geography. Themes include geology (surfi cial, structure), base maps, landforms, etc.
• ‘Assessment area’ Coal Maps (one or more views): Includes public drill-hole and outcrop data points, coal thickness isopach maps, overburden isopach maps, landforms, and maps showing reliability categories used in the calculation of coal resources.
• ‘Assessment area’ Ownership: Land and coal ownership. In the Western United States, the Federal Government owns the surface of approximately 60 percent of the area underlain by coal-bearing rocks (Biewick, 1997). Federal lands in assessment areas in the Colorado Plateau can vary from 7 percent to 99 percent, and Federal coal ownership can vary from 54 percent to 99 Figure 7. Example of an assessment area view selection as seen in the Colorado Plateau percent. ArcView project.
• ‘Assessment area’ Summary (optional): The Kaiparowits Plateau assessment area contains a summary view that shows where geologic conditions are more favorable for current underground mining technology, as described in Hettinger and others (chap. T, this CD-ROM). To navigate back to the extent of the Colorado Plateau study area, click on the Regional Views menu in the top menu bar and choose one of the seven Colorado Plateau views. While designed primarily for interactive use and viewing on a computer, a print tool is provided allowing users to create and print hard-copy maps. The print tool is described below. The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D15
Regional Views
Regional views are intended to give the user information regarding the assessment areas within the Colorado Plateau study area. From each regional view, individual assessment areas may be selected to display Additional information on The Colorado Plateau ArcView project detailed information about that particular assessment area and its coal resources. standard ArcView features contains a Help File button to access The Colorado Plateau Assessment Areas with and functionality is available the customized help file and the paper ArcView Project regional view is the fi rst screen from the Help pull-down menu. that describes the Colorado Plateau GIS displayed as the user opens the Colorado Plateau in detail. ArcView project. The ArcView application has user controls located in the panels above the view display area. The view GUI consists of pull-down menus, buttons, and tools for various functions. Below the regional view window is a status bar. When the cursor is placed over a button or tool, a one-line description of the operation that the button or tool performs is displayed in the status bar. Included in the tool bar at the top of the application is a Help File button, which, when pressed, displays an Adobe Acrobat document containing the help fi le and the chapter that describes the Colorado Plateau GIS in detail. Also included in the uppermost menu bar is a Help pull-down menu, which accesses additional information on standard ArcView features and functionality in the online help fi les. The user can move, resize, minimize, or maximize any of the windows in ArcView. The Regional Views drop-down menu can be selected to access other regional views in the project. Assessment-area views (for those with an ArcView Project—highlighted) can be opened by clicking an assessment area on the regional map or from the Assessment Area Views menu, which brings up a dialog box with a view list.
status bar D16 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
Tool Bar (Views)
18 *17 *16 15 14 13 12 11 *10
19
* Designates customized buttons
1 23 456 7 89
1. Identify Tool—Displays the attributes associated with a particular feature in 11. Zoom to Previous Extent Button—Goes back to the previous extent you were the view Map Display. What county is this? What town is this? What coal viewing. information is available at this drill-hole location? 12. Zoom to Selected Button—Zooms to the extent of the selected features. 2. Pointer Tool—Selects, moves, and resizes graphics. 13. Zoom to Active Themes Button—Zooms to the extent of active themes. 3. Zoom In Tool—Zooms in to an area at a point you select with a mouse click. 14. Zoom to Full Extent Button—Zooms to the extent of all themes. One can drag a rectangle to zoom in to an area. 15. Query Builder Button—Displays the Query Builder to select features with a 4. Zoom Out Tool—Zooms out from a point you select with a mouse click. logical expression. To obtain a list of possible choices for a specifi ed attribute, One can drag a rectangle to include a particular area when zooming out. click in the box to the left of Update Values in the Query Builder window. 5. Pan Tool—Drags the display in the direction you move the cursor. Now select the attribute of interest. 6. Measure Tool—Measures distance. *16. Make Map Button—Creates a map layout from the active view for hard-copy 7. Hot Link Tool—Follows a hot link in the active themes. printing. 8. Label Tool—Labels a feature in the active theme with data from its table. *17. Metadata Button—Displays the metadata document (which contains the type 9. Text Tool—Creates text on the display. of data found in a readme fi le) for the active theme. *10. Tutorial Button—Opens and displays the help file for the Colorado Plateau 18. Theme Table Button—Opens the tables of the active themes. ArcView project. Additional help on standard ArcView features and 19. Theme Properties Button—Displays the dialogue box to view and (or) edit functionality is available in the online help files accessed in the uppermost properties of the active theme. menu bar. The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D17
Hot Links (Regional Views)
Another way to provide additional view information is by executing “Hot Links” that have been defi ned between the theme features and an associated linked action. In this project, the Hot Link tool is the default function for those themes that have hot links defi ned (the theme names begin with “Link to”). To execute a hot link, the theme that contains the linked action must be activated (for information on theme activation and visibility, see Glossary of ArcView Terms, Themes. Making the theme visible will show which features in the Map Display are associated with the hot link). Then click with the fi nger icon on the feature of interest in the view Map Display. If a hot link is associated with the feature, it will execute at that time. The Hot Link tool icon appears dimmed if a hot link has not been defi ned for the active theme. In the standard ArcView program this tool appears as a lightning bolt and so the ArcView online help menu fi les describe this tool as such. The Hot Links that have been defi ned for various themes in this project perform a linked action, such as displaying a text fi le, opening another ArcView project view, or linking to an external application via an Avenue script. Hot links have been defi ned in each Colorado Plateau regional view to link to detailed location views of each of the assessment areas in the ArcView project. Other information that has been hot-linked includes coal-fi eld summaries and data-library fl ow charts that open and display in a separate window via Acrobat Reader (Adobe Systems, Inc. 1997). The Acrobat window can remain open and can be reduced and (or) repositioned to facilitate referencing associated information while working in ArcView. D18 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
Assessment Area Views
As was mentioned previously, each view can be accessed directly from any other view by using either the Regional Views menu or the Assessment Area Views menu. Assessment area views contain a variety of themes. These views contain the detailed themes that apply to that particular study area. Assessment area views provide the functionality to perform detailed queries and display coal- resource information. The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D19
Snapping can be deactivated in Layout Properties.
Hard-Copy Prints
The user A Layout is an assembly of components that can resize can appear on a hard-copy map. This ArcView graphics project contains a make map button in the view and text. tool bar that creates a layout and adds a title, scale bar, legend, north arrow, and USGS logo to any view. Clicking on the Make Map button (see button 16 in the description of the Views Tool Bar) activates a pop-up window that allows the user to choose between three output page sizes: 8.5x11, 12.75x16.5, and 17x22, and then name the new layout. On the layout page, the user can add and resize graphics and text as desired. Once the layout is complete, it can be sent to a printer or plotter. D20 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
Tool Bar (Layouts)
10 9 8 *7
* Designates customized buttons
1 23456
1. Pointer Tool—Selects frames or graphics on the layout by pointing or 6. Draw Tool—Creates points, lines, rectangles, circles, or polygons on the dragging. display. 2. Zoom In Tool—Zooms in to an area at a point you select with a mouse *7. Tutorial Button—Opens and displays the help fi le for the Colorado click. One can drag a rectangle to zoom in to an area. Plateau ArcView project. Additional help on standard ArcView features 3. Zoom Out Tool—Zooms out from a point you select with a mouse click. and functionality is available in the online help fi les accessed in the One can drag a rectangle to include a particular area when zooming uppermost menu bar. out. 8. Zoom to Actual Size Button—Zooms to display the actual size of the 4. Pan Tool—Drags the display in the direction you move the cursor. layout (1:1). 5. Text Tool—Creates text on the display. 9. Zoom to Page Button—Zooms to the page. 10. Print Button—Prints the current layout. The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D21
Project Window Glossary of ArcView Terms
The ArcView Project Window provides the user access to all the components contained in the project fi le. Each document type that can be accessed by the user is listed in this window. This window is accessible by selecting “1 cpca.apr” from the Window pull-down menu.
View Window GUI
The View Window consists of thematic information such as rivers, roads or assessed coal zones. The View Window is made up of 3 parts:
Map 1. Table of Contents (TOC) Display 2. Map Display 3. View Graphical User Interface (GUI)
The TOC lists the geologic and geographic themes in the view, the associated legends and symbology, and allows the user to interactively select, reorder, and display themes in the Map Display. The Map Display contains the graphics. The menus, buttons, and tools shown in the View Window header make up the GUI that is used to perform operations on views and themes.
TOC D22 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
Glossary of ArcView Terms—Continued Themes
An ArcView theme is a spatial representation of a single data source and is derived from feature data such as shapefi les and ARC/INFO coverages, or image data, such as TIFF fi les. The theme and associated legend and symbology are listed in the Table of Contents (gray) portion of the View Window. Themes must be activated in order to perform operations and utilize many of the view menus, tools, and buttons. Themes can be made “active” by clicking on the desired theme in the View Window Table of Contents. The active theme name and its associated legend become a raised box within the Table of Contents. To make the theme visible or not visible in the Map Display, simply toggle the checkbox located at the far left edge of the theme.
There are several methods for end users to fi nd out more about the data sources and location of the fi les displayed on the View Window. Each method requires the appropriate theme to be activated.
1. Select “Properties” from the Theme pull-down menu. Highlight the “Defi nition” tool to list the source data path.
2. Select the M button on the tool bar to access and display the metadata (or readme file) documentation for the particular theme or source data fi le. Source fi le names exist in the metadata document title and are View Window TOC followed by a brief description of the fi le in parentheses. Other_Citation_Details, approximately lines 11 to 13, describes the path to the data by providing the region or assessment area scale folder where the source data fi le resides. The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D23
Table Window
Glossary of ArcView Terms—Continued
ArcView permits analysis of tabular data. Tabular data often contain attribute information about a particular location or feature in its associated theme. Tabular data with no spatial component can also be opened in ArcView. Multiple tables can be joined or temporarily related for data retrieval, query, analysis and map display. Theme attribute tables for “active” themes can be displayed by selecting the “Open Theme Table” button or “Table” from the Theme pull-down menu. To return to the view, close the Table Window by selecting “File” on the Table menu and clicking on “Close”; or click on the “X” in the upper right corner of the Table Window.
A layout is a digital representation of a “map” generated in ArcView. The Layout Window map page is designed for users to place view content and standard graphics (titles, scale bar, legend, north arrow, text) in desirable locations for printing a hard-copy map. This ArcView project (cpca.apr) contains a customized map-making button to simplify map layout creation (see button 16 in the description of the Views Tool Bar). D24 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
cp cpca.apr Use of this Project with ArcView 3.1 Top-Level Work Area (Colorado Plateau) ArcView Project cp The ArcView project can be opened by anyone having ArcView 3.1 for Windows. pics wass yam 100k metadata ArcView 3.1 users can open CP_AVP (the AVDP Regional Example Assessment Areas (Piceance Basin/ (Wasatch Plateau/ (Yampa) version), but they will have to add controls back Southern) Southern) cpy Metadata and Regional Scale Folders into the project that are disabled in the AVDP cpps cpws Folder program (writing out data, saving the project, etc.) To eliminate these extra steps, two versions 2m 62k 24k shape of the ArcView project fi le, cpca.apr, have been Example Assessment Area Scale Folders (1:2,000,000) (1:62,500) (1:24,000) Regional Shapefiles included on this CD-ROM publication, one for the AVDP (resides on disc 1) and one for the shape shape shape cp_cnty.shp Example Shapefile ArcView user (resides on disc 2). ArcView 3.1 Assessment Area Shapefiles (counties) users can open the fi le cpca.apr on disc 2 (the cover* data disc). The data disc also contains the entire ps_rr.shp ws_geol.shp yama_pts.shp Regional Coverages data library (see Data Library section below) and Example Shapefiles (railroads) (geology) (A zone public the StratiFact database fi les (see Kirschbaum, coal data pts.) chap. A, this CD-ROM). cover* cover* cover* Unix users with ArcView 3.1 can open the Assessment Area Coverages ArcView project (cpca.apr), but, because of the inherent differences of the Windows and Unix Assessment Area Metadata Folder metadata metadata metadata operating systems, there may be functionality *ARC/INFO coverages for each issues with portions of the project that execute shapefile are in the 'cover' folder separate Windows programs (i.e., links to PDF fi les via Acrobat Reader; Adobe Systems, Inc. Figure 8. The Colorado Plateau GIS data-library structure. 1997). Because there is no ability in ArcView 3.1 to save projects in Macintosh-compatible format (ArcView 2.1), we are unable to provide a Macintosh version of the ArcView project. However, users with ArcView 2.1 for the The ArcView project, cpca.apr, has been designed to access data fi les from the adjacent cp folder. The directory Macintosh can access the shapefi les and (or) structure is the key or pathway for ArcView. To locate and display themes, the ArcView project stores the source data coverages and TIFF image fi les (see discussion paths. As long as the ArcView project is stored adjacent to the directory (cp), within which all the data fi les are stored, on Data Formats below) included in this the ArcView project will open successfully (fi g. 8). Moving the ArcView project relative to the data will require editing publication to create their own custom ArcView to adjust paths stored within the project fi le or development of system-specifi c environment variables for ArcView in projects. the system properties. The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D25
Data Library Data Formats
The vector data provided on this CD-ROM are in three formats:
How to Find Files 1. ArcView shapefi les (.shp) 2. ARC/INFO coverages The data fi les contained in the Colorado Plateau Coal Assessment GIS database 3. ARC/INFO EXPORT fi les (.e00) are stored in a structured data library on CD-ROM disc 2. As shown in fi gure 8, the data library is organized into a hierarchical structure with the top-level directory Shapefi les are digital representations of a theme or map. Shapefi les are the designated as cp for the Colorado Plateau. Regional fi les covering the entire Colorado native, non-proprietary data format developed from ArcView desktop GIS. They Plateau are stored in subfolders directly below cp. The cp folder is also subdivided consist of three to fi ve fi les that have standard three-character suffi xes (.shp, .dbf, into work areas that defi ne the assessment areas for which ArcView project views .shx, .sbn, and .sbx). were created. Subfolders beneath the assessment-area folders contain data specifi c to Coverages also are digital representations of a theme or map. Coverages those areas. Scale folders defi ne capture resolution of data. Beneath each scale folder, are a proprietary data format native to ARC/INFO professional GIS software. the data are grouped in subfolders by data format (shapefi les, coverages, etc.). The Coverages store feature parameters and attribute parameters in separate tables within metadata folder contains documentation fi les for each data layer in that particular a workspace. work area. The terms, shapefi le and coverage, are often used interchangeably in this publication because they contain the same data and fi le names, but exist in different fi le formats (fi gs. 8–16). These fi les store map features and associated feature- attribute tables as a unit of one or more layers. Both shapefi les and coverages can be interactively added to views as feature data sources (themes) within the ArcView Project. EXPORT fi les are a common interchange format developed by ESRI and are produced by exporting the associated Arc feature tables and Info attribute tables of a coverage. The raster data has been converted to TIFF image fi les. CP_AVP accesses feature-based vector shapefi les and TIFF image fi les. D26 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
Data Structure Migration through this hierarchical structure may at times seem cumbersome; however, this type of data grouping facilitates storage of information sourced from Figure 9 is a detailed representation of the Colorado Plateau data library various scales and covering various extents in the study area. An alphabetical listing showing the structure of the Colorado Plateau regional fi les with the assessment area of all regional fi les can be found under one folder: the metadata subfolder of cp. subdirectories along the left side of the fl ow chart. Data-library fl ow charts provide Likewise, alphabetical listings of all fi les contained within an assessment area are a user’s guide to the location and naming conventions of the feature- and image-data found in the metadata subfolder directly below that assessment-area folder. The sources contained in the data library and the ArcView project; they also provide a metadata documents contain the same or very similar fi le names as the data they brief description of each data set. The data library structure for each assessment area describe, but with the ‘.met’ extension (see Metadata section below). Some metadata is shown in fi gures 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16. These data-library charts are linked documents apply to more than one closely related data fi le (see Metadata section). for reference from each of the Colorado Plateau regional views within the ArcView Within each metadata document (on lines 11 to 13), the region or assessment-area project (activate ‘Link to Data Library’ theme in the view Table of Contents). scale folder is listed in Other_Citation_Details. This is the folder where the source Within the work area subfolders are important individual components for spatial fi le(s) reside(s). analysis and the ArcView project. Work areas provide an umbrella to store data in By providing the data in several formats, the GIS data library can be accessed numerous formats. Scale and resolution of the data are important factors in arranging directly from the CD-ROM (disc 2) with software packages that read shapefi les, the hierarchy of a data repository. Multiple-scale data sources are necessary to ARC/INFO coverages, ARC/INFO EXPORT fi les, etc. To accommodate users who adequately display national, regional, and site-specifi c products. The scale at which choose to improve AVDP performance by downloading the data and the program data were captured is important in analysis and interpretation; it gives an immediate fi les to their hard drive, the cp folder and the AVDP project (cpca.apr) have been identifi er to the level of detail and alerts users to the appropriate maximum scale for copied to the data folder on disc 1 where only the files used by CP_AVP (about 200 relevant data use. It also provides a more useful means of storage than including the MB) reside (coverages and EXPORT fi les have been deleted). The data are provided resolution of the data in the fi le name. To do the latter may pose a problem because in geographic decimal degrees. Views, rather than the actual data, are projected to the fi le names can become very long, making it diffi cult to adhere to the 8.3 fi le- a preferred regional or local projection. Other components stored below work-area naming convention (ISO 9660) required by some software programs. When known, folders include images, metadata documents, text fi les, and fl ow charts. shapefi les and coverages are grouped by scale. This publication provides spatial data To help increase effi ciency and avoid typing long path names on Unix systems, sets in shapefi les (in the ‘shape’ folder), ARC/INFO workspaces (the ‘cover’ folder) shortcuts have been developed that expedite moving through the directory structure and ARC/INFO EXPORT fi les (the ‘e00’ folder). ARC/INFO workspaces store both within ARC/INFO and at Unix system level (Biewick and others, 1997). The use of coverages (spatial locations) and associated attributes (INFO tables). these shortcuts and the ARC/INFO startup fi le are discussed below in the section on ARC/INFO and Unix Platform Considerations. The fi le names are signifi cant, descriptive, and designed to be intuitive. They give basic thematic information. The naming conventions used for the geologic assessment of coal in the Colorado Plateau are shown in table 3. Detailed documentation is included in the formal metadata for each shapefi le and coverage. The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D27
DATASET (prefix description) THEME (tdt DATASET (suffix description) NAME DESCRIPTIVE description) NAME PREFIX TEXT (tdt) i.e., assessment SUFFIX Table 3. GIS fi le-naming conventions used. zone cp Colorado Plateau a A zone adit mine adits [Coverages and shapefi les common to many study areas have an csb Calico sequence b B zone bnd boundary boundary up-to-three-letter area-defi ning prefi x, e.g.: kai_dip.shp (dip in the dan Danforth Hills bh Huerfanito cbi coal-bearing interval Kaiparowits Plateau). Coverages and shapefi les unique to a study area bentonite do not necessarily have the area-defi ning prefi x, e.g.: csb_bnd.shp des Deserado bkd base Cret. cf coal fields (Calico Sequence Boundary). Text between the prefi x and the suffi x is Dakota Fm. theme descriptive. File names can be no longer than 8 characters in kai Kaiparowits Plateau bkw Base Cret. chm geochemistry order to adhere to the 8.3 fi le-naming conventions (ISO 9660)] Wahweap Fm. kjh Cret. John Henry Fm. c C zone city cities lwr Lower White River cb Crested Butte cline anticlines and/or synclines pic Piceance Basin cr Coal Ridge cnty counties ps Piceance cw Cameo/Wheeler dip dip Basin/Southern sjb San Juan Basin d D zone dl data library ws Wasatch e E zone fin final unioned coverage Plateau/Southern yam Yampa f F zone flt faults g G zone geol geology kdt Cret. Drip Tank glf landforms (grayscale) Member mv Mesaverde hyd rivers/hydrology sc South Canyon intr intrusions 1 <1 ft thk l line shapefile 12 1-2.3 ft thk leas leases or 1-2.4 ft thk 14 >14 ft thk lf landforms (color) 20 >20 ft thk lmu logical mining unit 23 2.3-3.5 ft thk lown land ownership or 2.5-3.4 ft thk 24 24K mn, min or mines mine 37 3.5-7 ft thk or mph mine production history 3.5-7.4 ft thk 42 14.1-20 ft thk own ownership (land and mineral) 74 7-14 ft thk or play oil and gas plays 7.5-14 ft thk 100 100K pp power plants nt no coal prov oil and gas provinces thickness values t total coal pts data pts qd quadrangles rd roads rr railroads st State boundaries stdy study area strc structure sum summary map th or thk coal thickness (for isopach lines) tr townships wtr water bodies D28 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
Scale at ArcView Assessment area project Metadata which data Top-level cp cpca.apr folders (Colorado Plateau) Shapefiles directory were captured work area cp
kai 2m 500k 250k 100k 24k shape text metadata (Kaiparowits (scale = 2mil) (scale = 500k) (scale = 250k) (scale = 100k) (scale = 24k) (shapefiles) (PDF documents) %.cpm% Plateau) %.cp2% %.cp500% %.cp250% %.cp100% %.cp24% %.cp-s% cpm cpk cp2 cp500 cp250 cp100 cp24 cp-s
dan (Danforth Hills) shape shape image shape shape cp_mph.shp summary PDF cpdh (shapefiles) (shapefiles) (images) (shapefiles) (shapefiles) (coal mine for each %.cp2s% %.cp500s% %.cp250i% %.cp100s% %.cp24s% production coal field cp2s cp500s cp250i cp100s cp24s history ’84-’95)
lwr cp_pp.shp tutorial PDF (Lower White (power plants) River) cp_city.shp cp_glf.tif cp_cnty.shp, cp_chem.shp, cplw (cities) cp_cf.shp, dl.shp (landforms - gray) cp_cntyl.shp (coal cpcfoutl.shp, (links to data (counties) geochemistry) cp_cfr.shp library charts) (coal fields) pics cover* chart (Piceance Basin/ cp_lown.shp cp_100qd.shp cover* (coverages) (Data Library Southern) (Land ownership) cp_play.shp summary.shp (100k quads) (coverages) %.cp-c% structure) cpps (Oil and gas plays) (links to summary %.cp24c% cp-c reports) cp24c
sjb e00^ (San Juan cp_rr.shp cp_st.shp e00^ (export files) chart for Basin) (railroads) cp_prov.shp (State boundaries) (export files) %.cp-e% each cps (Oil and gas %.cp24e% cp-e study area provinces) cp24e
wass (Wasatch Plateau/ cp_rd.shp cp_stdy.shp, misc Southern) (interstate hwys) cp_rank cp_stdyl.shp (Miscellaneous cpws (mean coal rank (study area) ArcView project by coal field) files)
yam cover* cover* (Yampa) (coverages) cover* (coverages) cpy %.cp2c% (coverages) ARC/INFO %.cp100c% cp2c %.cp500c% global variable cp100c cp500c ARC/INFO *ARC/INFO coverages for each workspace e00^ Unix alias e00^ (export files) e00^ (export files) shapefile are in the ‘cover’ folder %.cp2e% (export files) %.cp100e% cp2e %.cp500e% cp100e Each assessment cp500e ARC/INFO area has similar export ^ARC/INFO export files for each data structure, files coverage are in the ‘e00’ folder as shown in figures 10 - 16
Figure 9. Data library—Colorado Plateau regional fi les. The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D29
cp (Colorado Plateau) Top-level cp Assessment Scale at which work area Metadata area with data were captured dan directory (Danforth Hills) ArcView project cpd
500k 100k 62k 24k metadata (scale = 500k) (scale = 100k) (scale = 62k) (scale = 24k) %.cpdm% %.cpd500% %.cpd100% %.cpd62% %.cpd24% cpdm cpd500 cpd100 cpd62 cpd24 Shapefiles shape shape shape (shapefiles) (shapefiles) (shapefiles) shape image %.cpd500s% %.cpd100s% %.cpd62s% (shapefiles) (images) cpd500s cpd100s cpd62s %.cpd24s% %.cpd24i% cpd24s cpd24i
dan_city.shp (cities) dan100qd.shp danb_fin.shp danabbnd.shp danc_bnd.shp dane_bnd.shp dang_bnd.shp dan_24qd.shp dan_glf.tif (100k quads) (Final B zone (A and B zone (C zone (E zone (G zone (24k quads) (grayscale unioned file) boundary) boundary) boundary) boundary) landforms)
dan_hyd.shp (hydrology) dan_cnty.shp danc_fin.shp dana_thk.shp danc_thk.shp dane_thk.shp dang_thk.shp dan_mine.shp dan_lf.tif (counties) (Final C zone (total coal (total coal (total coal (total coal (mines) (color unioned file) thickness, thickness, thickness, thickness, landforms) A zone) C zone) E zone) G zone) cover* (coverages) dan_leas.shp dand_fin.shp danb_thk.shp dand_bnd.shp danf_bnd.shp dancline.shp dan_pts.shp %.cpd500c% (Federal/State (Final D zone (total coal (D zone (F zone (anticlines, (coal data pts.) cpd500c coal leases) unioned file) thickness, boundary) boundary) synclines) B zone) e00^ (export files) dan_rd.shp dane_fin.shp dan_geol.shp dand_thk.shp danf_thk.shp dan_flt.shp cover* %.cpd500e% (roads) (Final E zone (geology) (total coal (total coal (faults) (coverages) cpd500e unioned file) thickness, thickness, %.cpd24c% D zone) F zone) cpd24c ARC/INFO dan_tr.shp danf_fin.shp dan_strc.shp e00^ workspace (townships) (Final F zone (structure on (export files) unioned file) top of %.cpd24e% Rollins SS) cpd24e
dana_fin.shp dang_fin.shp cover* (Final A zone (Final G zone (coverages) unioned file) unioned file) %.cpd62c% cpd62c ARC/INFO dan_own.shp e00^ export (ownership) (export files) %.cpd62e% files cpd62e
ARC/INFO cover* (coverages) *ARC/INFO coverages for each global variable %.cpd100c% cpd100c shapefile are in the ‘cover’ folder Unix alias e00^ (export files) %.cpd100e% ^ARC/INFO export files for each cpd100e coverage are in the ‘e00’ folder Figure 10. Data library—Danforth Hills assessment area. D30 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
cp Top-level (Colorado Plateau) Scale at cp which data work area Assessment Metadata were captured kai area with directory (Kaiparowits Plateau) ArcView project cpk
250k 125k 100k 24k metadata (scale = 250k) (scale = 125k) Shapefiles (scale = 100k) (scale = 24k) %.cpkm% %.cpk250% %.cpk125% %.cpk100% %.cpk24% cpkm cpk250 cpk125 cpk100 cpk24 ARC/INFO image shape shape shape %.cpk250i% %.cpk125s% global variable %.cpk100s% %.cpk24s% cpk250i cpk125s cpk100s cpk24s Unix alias
kai_lf.tif kai_cnty.shp, kai_pts.shp csb_bnd.shp, kai_bkd.shp, kai_kdt.shp (color kaicntyl.shp (coal data pts.) csb_bndl_shp kai_bkdl.shp (base of Cret. landforms) (counties) (Calico seq. bndy) (base of Cret. Drip Tank Member) Dakota Fm.) kai_rd.shp kai_tr.shp, csb_strc.shp kai_bkw.shp kai_strc.shp (major roads) (townships) (struct. of (base of Cret. (structural the Calico Wahweap Fm.) features) seq. bndy) kai_wtr.shp cover* kai_adit.shp kai_cbi.shp kai_sum.shp (bodies of water) (coverages) (mine adits) (coal-bearing (summary %.cpk24c% interval) map) cpk24c cover* e00^ kaintfin.shp kai_tfin.shp, kjh_thk (coverages) (export files) ARC/INFO (final unioned (final total coal (thkns of %.cpk100c% %.cpk24e% workspace file - no thickness) unioned file) Calico and A) cpk100c cpk24e e00^ kai12fin kai23fin kai37fin (export files) (unioned file - (unioned file - (unioned file - %.cpk100e% beds 1-2.4 ft thk) beds 2.5-3.4 ft thk) beds 3.5-7.4 ft thk) cpk100e
kai74fin kai42fin kai20fin (unioned file - (unioned file - (unioned file - beds 7.5-14 ft thk) beds 14.1-20 ft thk) beds >20 ft thk) *ARC/INFO coverages for each ARC/INFO shapefile are in the ‘cover’ folder cover* export (coverages) files %.cpk125c% cpk125c ^ARC/INFO export files for each e00^ coverage are in the ‘e00’ folder (export files) %.cpk125e% cpk125e
Figure 11. Data library—Kaiparowits Plateau assessment area. The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D31
cp Top-level (Colorado Plateau) work area cp Scale at Assessment which data lwr area with Metadata (Lower White ArcView project were captured River) directory cpl
ARC/INFO 500k 250k 100k 24k 1k metadata (scale = 500k) (scale = 250k) (scale = 100k) global variable (scale = 24k) (scale = 1k) %.cplm% %.cpl500% %.cpl250% %.cpl100% %.cpl24% %.cpl1% cplm cpl500 cpl250 cpl100 Unix alias cpl24 cpl1
shape image Shapefiles shape (shapefiles) (images) shape cover* shape cover* (shapefiles) %.cpl500s% %.cpl250i% (shapefiles) (coverages) (shapefiles) (coverages) %.cpl1s% cpl500s cpl250i %.cpl100s% %.cpl100c% %.cpl24s% %.cpl24c% cpl1s cpl100s cpl100c cpl24s cpl24c
e00^ image lwr_city.shp lwr_lf.tif des_lmu.shp lwr100qd.shp (export files) (images) (cities) (color (logical mining unit) (100K quads) %.cpl100e% des_bnd.shp desb_thk.shp %.cpl24i% landforms) cpl100e (Deserado outcrop) (Deserado B Zone cpl24i Isopach) lwrcline.shp cover* (anticlines lwr_cnty.shp (coverages) desb_fin.shp desd_thk.shp and synclines) (counties) des_glf.tif %.cpl1c% (Final B Zone (Deserado D Zone (grayscale cpl1c unioned file) Isopach) lwr_flt.shp landforms) (faults) lwr_rd.shp e00^ desd_fin.shp des_tr.shp (major e00^ (export files) (Final D Zone (townships) highways) (export files) %.cpl1e% unioned file) lwr_geol.shp %.cpl24e% cpl1e (geology) lwr_tr.shp cpl24e (townships) des_pts des_own.shp ARC/INFO (coal data pts.) (coal ownership) export lwr_hyd.shp files (hydrology) des_strc.shp des24qd.shp (Deserado structure (7.5' quads) contour) *ARC/INFO coverages for each cover* (coverages) shapefile are in the ‘cover’ folder %.cpl500c% cpl500c ARC/INFO e00^ ^ARC/INFO export files for each (export files) workspace %.cpl500e% coverage are in the ‘e00’ folder cpl500e
Figure 12. Data library—Lower White River assessment area. D32 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
Top-level cp (Colorado Plateau) work area cp Scale at Assessment which data Metadata pics directory ArcViewarea with project (Piceance Basin/ were captured Southern) cpps
2m 500k 250k 100k 24k metadata (scale = 2mil) (scale = 500k) (scale = 250k) (scale = 100k) (scale = 24k) %.cppsm% %.cpps2% %.cpps500% %.cpps250% %.cpps100% %.cpps24% cppsm cpps2 cpps500 cpps250 n3ps100 cpps24
shape shape image shape shape %.cpps2s% %.cpps500s% %.cpps250i% %.cpps100s% %.cpps24s% Shapefiles cpps2s cpps500s cpps250i cpps100s cpps24s
ps_rr.shp ps_glf ps_100qd.shp ps_24qd.shp (railroads) pscb_fin.shp pscw_fin.shp ps_city.shp (grayscale (100k quads) (24k quads) (final unioned (final unioned (cities) landforms) Crested Butte Cameo/Wheeler file) file)
cover* ps_lf ps_cnty.shp ps_mine.shp %.cpps2c% pscb_thk.shp pscwthk1.shp ps_cline.shp (color (counties) (mines) cpps2c (Crested Butte (Cameo/Wheeler (anticlines landforms) total coal thk) total coal thk, and synclines) beds > 1 ft thk)
e00^ ps_rd.shp ps_pts.shp (export files) pscr_fin.shp pscwth12.shp ps_flt.shp (roads) (coal data pts.) %.cpps2e% (final unioned (Cameo/Wheeler (faults) cpps2e Coal Ridge total coal thk, file) beds 1-2.3 ft thk)
ps_tr.shp cover* pscr_thk.shp pscwth23.shp ps_geol.shp (townships) %.cpps24c% (Coal Ridge (Cameo/Wheeler (geology) cpps24c total coal thk, total coal thk, beds > 1ft thk) beds 2.3-3.5 ft thk) ARC/INFO cove* e00^ psmv_thk.shp pscwth37.shp ps_hyd.shp %.cpps100c% (export files) workspace (Mesaverde (Cameo/Wheeler (hydrology) cpps100c %.cpps24e% total coal thk) total coal thk, cpps24e beds 3.5-7 ft thk)
e00^ pssc_fin.shp pscwth74.shp ps_intr.shp (export files) (final unioned (Cameo/Wheeler (intrusive %.cpps100e% South Canyon total coal thk, igneous rocks) cpps100e file) beds 7-14 ft thk)
pssc_thk.shp pscwth14.shp psmv_bnd.shp (South Canyon (Cameo/Wheeler (coal-bearing total coal thk, total coal thk, strata) beds > 1 ft thk) beds > 14 ft thk) ARC/INFO ps_own ps_strc.shp (ownership) (structure on export top of Rollins SS) files
ARC/INFO cover* *ARC/INFO coverages for each %.cpps500c% global variable cpps500c shapefile are in the ‘cover’ folder
Unix alias e00^ (export files) %.cpps500e% ^ARC/INFO export files for each cpps500e coverage are in the ‘e00’ folder
Figure 13. Data library—Southern Piceance Basin assessment area. The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D33
cp Scale at Top-level (Colorado Plateau) work area which data cp Assessment Metadata were captured sjb area with directory (San Juan Basin) ArcView project cps 500k 380k 250k 100k 24k metadata (scale = 500k) (scale = 380k) (scale = 250k) (scale = 100k) (scale = 24k) %.cpsm% %.cps500% %.cps380% %.cps250% %.cps100% %.cps24% cpsm cps500 cps380 cps250 cps100 cps24 shape shape image shape shape (shapefiles) (shapefiles) %.cps250i% (shapefiles) (shapefiles) Shapefiles %.cps500s% %.cps380s% cps250i %.cps100s% %.cps24s% cps500s cps380s cps100s cps24s sjb_hyd.shp sjb100qd.shp sjb_24qd.shp sjb_bnd.shp sjb_strc.shp sjb_glf.tif (hydrology) (100k quads) (24k quads) (base of the (struct. top of (grayscale Fruitland fm.) Pictured landforms) cover* Cliffs SS) sjb_cnty.shp sjb_pts.shp sjb_city.shp sjbhstrc.shp (coverages) (counties) (coal data pts.) (cities) (struct. top of %.cps500c% Huerfanito cps500c e00^ bentonite) sjb_rd.shp cover* sjb_fin.shp sjbhint.shp (export files) (roads) (coverages) (final unioned (isopach of %.cps500e% %.cps24c% file) Huerfanito- cps500e cps24c ARC/INFO PC interval) sjb_tr.shp e00^ sjb_geol.shp sjb_thk.shp workspace (townships) (export files) (geology) (total coal %.cps24e% thickness) ARC/INFO cps24e cover* export cover* (coverages) files (coverages) ARC/INFO %.cps100c% *ARC/INFO coverages for each %.cps380c% global variable cps100c shapefile are in the ‘cover’ folder cps380c e00^ e00^ Unix alias (export files) (export files) %.cps100e% %.cps380e% ^ARC/INFO export files for each cps100e cps380e coverage are in the ‘e00’ folder
Figure 14. Data library—San Juan Basin assessment area. D34 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
cp Top-level (Colorado Plateau) work area cp Scale at Assessment Metadata which data wass area with were captured (Wasatch Plateau/ directory Southern) ArcView project cpws
500k 250k 100k 62k 24k 9k metadata (scale = 500k) (scale = 250k) (scale = 100k) (scale = 62k) (scale = 24k) (scale = 9.6k) %.cpwsm% %.cpws500% %.cpws250% %.cpws100% %.cpws62% %.cpws24% %.cpws9% cpwsm cpws500 cpws250 cpws100 cpws62 cpws24 cpws9
shape shape shape shape shape (shapefiles) (shapefiles) (shapefiles) (shapefiles) shape image (shapefiles) Shapefiles %.cpws500s% %.cpws250s% %.cpws100s% %.cpws62s% (shapefiles) %.cpws24i% %.cpws9s% cpws500s cpws250s cpws100s cpws62s %.cpws24s% cpws24i cpws9s cpws24s
ws_hyd.shp ws_flt.shp ws_cnty.shp ws_bnd.shp ws_mine.shp (hydrology) (faults) (counties) (coal zone ws_24qd.shp ws_glf.shp (Sufco mine) boundary) (24k quads) (grayscale landforms)
cover* cover* ws_fin.shp ws_geol.shp cover* wsminloc.shp (coverages) (coverages) (final unioned (geology) ws_lf.shp (coverages) %.cpws500c% %.cpws250c% file) (mine locations) (color %.cpws9c% cpws500c cpws250c landforms) cpws9c ARC/INFO e00^ e00^ ws_rd.shp ws_strc.shp e00^ workspace (export files) (export files) (roads) (structure on ws_pts.shp (export files) (coal data pts.) %.cpws500e% %.cpws250e% top of %.cpws9e% cpws500e cpws250e Star Point SS) cpws9e
cover* ws_thk.shp (coverages) (total coal ws_tr.shp ARC/INFO %.cpws100c% thickness) (townships) ARC/INFO global variable cpws100c export Unix alias e00^ cover* files (export files) (coverages) cover* *ARC/INFO coverages for each %.cpws100e% %.cpws62c% (coverages) cpws100e cpws62c %.cpws24c% shapefile are in the ‘cover’ folder cpws24c e00^ (export files) e00^ (export files) ^ARC/INFO export files for each %.cpws62e% cpws62e %.cpws24e% coverage are in the ‘e00’ folder cpws24e
Figure 15. Data library—Southern Wasatch Plateau assessment area. The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D35
Top-level Scale at cp which data work area (Colorado Plateau) cp Assessment Metadata were captured area with directory yam ArcView project (Yampa) cpy
2m 500k 250k 100k 24k metadata (scale = 2mil) (scale = 500k) (scale = 250k) (scale = 100k) (scale = 24k) %.cpym% %.cpy2% %.cpy500% %.cpy250% %.cpy100% %.cpy24% cpym cpy2 cpy500 cpy250 cpy100 cpy24
shape shape image shape shape (shapefiles) (shapefiles) %.cpy250i% (shapefiles) (shapefiles) Shapefiles %.cpy2s% %.cpy500s% cpy250i %.cpy100s% %.cpy24s% cpy2s cpy500s cpy100s cpy24s
yam_rr.shp yam_glf.shp yam24qd.shp (railroads) yama_bnd.shp yamc_bnd.shp yam_city.shp (grayscale yam100qd.shp yamaleas.shp (24k quads) (A zone (C zone (cities) landforms) (100k quads) (A zone boundary) boundary) logical mining unit) ARC/INFO cover* yam_lf.shp yam_mine.shp (coverages) yama_fin.shp yamc_fin.shp yamcline.shp (color yam_cnty.shp yambleas.shp (mines) global variable %.cpy2c% (final A zone (final C zone (anticlines, landforms) (counties) (B zone cpy2c unioned file) unioned file) synclines) logical mining unit) e00^ yama_pts.shp Unix alias (export files) yama_thk.shp yamc_thk.shp yam_flt.shp yam_rd.shp yamcleas.shp (A zone public %.cpy2e% (total coal (total coal (faults) (roads) (C zone coal data pts.) cpy2e thickness, thickness, logical A zone) C zone) mining unit) yamb_pts.shp yamb_bnd.shp yamd_bnd.shp yam_geol.shp yam_tr.shp yamdleas.shp (B zone public (B zone (D zone (geology) (townships) (D zone coal data pts.) boundary) boundary) logical mining unit) ARC/INFO yamc_pts.shp yamb_fin.shp yamd_fin.shp yam_hyd.shp cover* (C zone public export (final B zone (final D zone (hydrology) (coverages) coal data pts.) unioned file) unioned file) %.cpy100c% files cpy100c yamd_pts.shp yamb_thk.shp yamd_thk.shp yam_own.shp e00^ (D zone public (total coal (total coal (ownership) (export files) coal data pts.) thickness, thickness, %.cpy100e% B zone) D zone) cpy100e cover* yam_strc.shp (coverages) (structure on %.cpy24c% *ARC/INFO coverages for each top of cpy24c Trout Creek SS) shapefile are in the ‘cover’ folder e00^ cover* (export files) (coverages) %.cpy24e% %.cpy500c% cpy24e ^ARC/INFO export files for each cpy500c e00^ ARC/INFO coverage are in the ‘e00’ folder (export files) workspace %.cpy500e% cpy500e
Figure 16. Data library—Yampa assessment area. D36 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
Metadata
A critical aspect of providing data fi les is the documentation of those digital As a result of the 1994 Executive Order 12906 (see Appendix), metadata layers or themes in readme-type fi les. The documentation fi les provided in this documentation is required for all post-1994 digital spatial information generated by publication are called metadata (information about data). At the most fundamental U.S. Government agencies. Documentation augments utility, educates people about level, metadata are intended to answer some general data questions: the data, assists them in determining its usefulness, and helps track content and data quality. Metadata is being organized by the Federal Geographic Data Committee • What does the data set describe? (FGDC) into a national clearinghouse of digital information, the National Spatial • Who produced the data set? Data Infrastructure (NSDI). NSDI serves as a metadata repository, provides pointers • Why was the data set created? to accessible digital information, reduces digital compilation effort within the Federal • When was the data set created? Government and public sector, and provides a forum for exchange of data and ideas. • How was the data set created? For each of the GIS layers (shapefi les, coverages, images) included in the • How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set? Colorado Plateau data library, FGDC-compliant metadata have been compiled using • How can someone get a copy of the data set? several tools including: (1) tools developed by the USGS (xtme, cns, mp, and (Modifi ed from Schweitzer, P.N., 1998, Putting Metadata in Plain Language: document.aml); (2) ArcView 3.0 Metadata Collector Extension; (4) corpsmet95; U.S. Geological Survey [accessed 3/5/99 on the World Wide Web at URL and (5) the Unix text editor. The metadata are stored in an ASCII text fi le. Each
ARC/INFO and Unix Platform Considerations The global variables are activated on a Unix machine by fi rst performing a global edit on the paths in the fi le stat_cp, which is provided in the cp folder on disc 2. In that fi le, one can append to the /cp path the drive letter of the user’s As stated earlier, the Colorado Plateau GIS data library can be accessed CD-ROM drive (i.e., replace /cp with e:/cp). If the data (cp) are downloaded to a directly from the CD-ROM with software packages that read shapefi les, ARC/INFO server, add the entire path, including the name of the disk, to where the data library coverages and (or) ARC/INFO EXPORT fi les. To help increase effi ciency and avoid was copied. For instance, if the data (cp) are housed on a disk named coal2 on typing long path names on Unix and Windows NT systems, shortcuts have been a SUN server, change /cp/ to /coal2/cp/. Next, copy stat_cp from the cp folder to developed that expedite moving through the hierarchy of the data library structure $ARCHOME/stations/stat_cp, and put the .arc fi le (a startup fi le also included in the within ARC/INFO and at Unix system level (Biewick and others, 1997). cp folder on disc 2) in your home directory. The .arc fi le contains a single command (&station cp) that activates the stations fi le (stat_cp) each time the ARC/INFO program is initialized. ARC/INFO: Global Variables
In ARC/INFO, shortcuts are in the form of global variables. The global Unix System Level: Aliases variables eliminate a lot of typing, and allow a user to process coverages in workspaces other than the current workspace. The global variables are listed on Aliases are Unix-platform codes used to defi ne long commands. The aliases the data library fl ow charts (fi gs. 9–16) and are used in ARC/INFO as follows: work the same as the global variables except at the Unix-system level, rather than rather than type the entire directory path, use the global variable to move to the within ARC/INFO; they also expedite utilization of the directory structure. In order desired workspace. For example, to move to the workspace cp/lwr/100k/cover/, for the aliases to work, the user must edit the paths in the fi le alias.txt, which is also at the Arc prompt, type: w %.cpl100c% found in the cp folder on disc 2. The procedure is the same as that described for Global variables in ARC/INFO must start with a period, such as .cpl100c. The stat_cp (append to /cp/ the drive letter of the CD-ROM drive, or the name of the disk, reference to the variable is accomplished by enclosing in percent (%) signs. To to where the data library was copied). The following statement must be added to the describe the coverage cp_cf (Colorado Plateau coal fi elds) from a workspace other .cshrc fi le in your home directory: than the one in which it resides, at the Arc prompt, type: describe %.cp500c%cp_cf An Arcedit example is as follows: displaying the Colorado Plateau coal fi elds source alias.txt with the State and county lines in red can be accomplished by typing: In this case, the alias.txt fi le would also reside in your home directory; if not, ec %.cp500c%cp_cf include the path to alias.txt in the command, i.e., source /coal2/alias.txt. The aliases bc %.cp100c%cp_cnty 2 are activated each time you log onto the Unix system or by typing from your home directory: source .cshrc Examples for using Unix-system aliases are as follows: To use an alias to move to the directory that contains the metadata for all of the coverages within the Danforth Hills assessment area (cp/dan directory), at the system prompt type: cpdm, which stands for cp/dan/metadata. To list the fi les in cp/dan/100k/shape/, type: cpd100s to move to that directory, and then type: ls –al D38 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
Acknowledgments
Assistance in creating digital data fi les was provided by several students and contractors for the U. S. Geological Survey, including Ray Colley, Jason Stoker, Bill Everham, Tim Gognat, Al Heinrich, and Geologic Data Systems, Inc. Others who provided digital data fi les include Carl Rich, Dave Hester, Dave Ferderer, Bill Larson, Mitch Henry, Doug Nebert, Mark Negri, and Thomas Edwards, U.S. Geological Survey; Clark Roberts, U.S. Forest Service; Dave Taylor, Doug Diekman, Bob Vlahos, Pam Levitt, Bob Bewley, and James Alm, Bureau of Land Management; Jeff Roe and Gen Green, Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration; Randy Phillips, Colorado Geological Survey; and Amy Budge, New Mexico RGIS Clearinghouse.
References Cited Roberts, L.N.R. and Biewick, L.R.H., 1999, Calculation of Coal Resources Using ARC/INFO* Adobe Systems, Inc., 1997, Adobe Acrobat Reader v. 3.01 for Windows. and EarthVision*: Methodology for the National Coal Resource Assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-5, 6 p. [WWW at URL http://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/pub/open-fi le- Biewick, L.R.H., 1997, Coal fi elds and Federal lands of the conterminous United States: U.S. reports/ofr-99-0005]. Geological Survey Open-File Map 97-461 [WWW at URL http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/fedland/ index.html]. Schweitzer, P.N., 1998, Putting Metadata in Plain Language, GIS World [accessed 3/5/99 on the World Wide Web at URL http://www.geoplace.com/gw/1998/0998/998abc.asp]. Biewick, L.R.H., Hettinger, R.D., and Roberts, L.N.R., 1997, Selected ARC/INFO coverages for investigations of the distribution and resources of coal in the Kaiparowits Plateau, southern URL’s: http://andes.esri.com/arcscripts/scripts.cfm Utah—An accompaniment to Hettinger and others, 1996, version 1: U.S. Geological Survey http://badger.state.wi.us/agencies/wlib/sco/metatool/cns.htm Open-File Report 97-709, 26 p. [WWW at URL http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/coal/kaip_arc1.html]. http://badger.state.wi.us/agencies/wlib/sco/metatool/cormet95.htm Dynamic Graphics, Inc., 1997, EarthVision, v. 4. http://badger.state.wi.us/agencies/wlib/sco/metatool/document.htm ESRI [Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.], 1994, Understanding GIS, the ARC/INFO method: Self-study workbook, Version 7 for Unix and OpenVMS. http://badger.state.wi.us/agencies/wlib/sco/metatool/mp.htm ESRI [Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.], 1996, Introduction to ArcView GIS: ESRI http://badger.state.wi.us/agencies/wlib/sco/metatool/mtools.htm Educational Services, Two-day course notebook with exercises and training data. http://badger.state.wi.us/agencies/wlib/sco/metatool/xtme.htm ESRI [Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.], 1998, ARC/INFO, v.7.1.1. http://corpsgeo1.usace.army.mil/ ESRI [Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.], 1998, ArcView, v.3.1. http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/webglis ESRI [Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.], 1999, ArcView Data Publisher, v.3.1. http://geology.usgs.gov/tools/metadata/ Federal Geographic Data Committee, 1994, Content standards for digital spatial metadata [June http://www.geoplace.com/gw/1998/0998/998abc.asp 8 draft]: Federal Geographic Data Committee, Washington, D.C. [available February 26, 1999 at URL http://geology.usgs.gov/tools/metadata/standard/metadata.html]. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/metadata/text/download.html The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D39
Glossary attribute 1. A characteristic of a geographic feature described by numbers or characters, typically stored in tabular format, and linked to the feature by a user-assigned identifi er (that is, the attributes of a well, represented by a point, might include depth, location, and gallons-per-minute). 2. A numeric, text, or image data fi eld in a relational database table that describes a spatial feature such as a point, line, node, area, or raster A cellular data structure composed of rows and columns. Groups cell (ESRI, 1994). of cells represent features. The value of each cell represents the value of the feature. Image data is stored using this structure (ESRI, 1994). coverage A digital version of a map forming the basic unit of vector data storage in ARC/INFO. A coverage stores map features as primary features (such as arcs, nodes, polygons, and label points) and shapefi le ArcView’s format for storing the location, shape, and attribute secondary features (such as tics, map extent, links, and annotation). information of geographic features. Associated feature-attribute tables describe and store attributes of the map features (ESRI, 1994). theme A set of related geographic features, such as streets, cities, or townships, and the attributes (characteristics) of those features. overburden The amount of rock that overlies a specifi ed coal bed.
vector A coordinate-based data structure commonly used to represent pixel A contraction of the words picture element. The smallest unit of point, linear, and polygon map features. Each linear feature is information in an image or raster map. Referred to as a cell in an represented as a list of ordered x, y coordinates. Attributes are image or grid (ESRI, 1994). associated with the feature (as opposed to a raster data structure, which associates attributes with a grid cell). (ESRI, 1994). project In ArcView, a fi le that uses fi ve types of documents to organize information: views, tables, charts, layouts, and scripts. view A component of an ArcView project used for displaying, querying, and analyzing geographic themes (ESRI, 1996). D40 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
Appendix a pull-down menu bar for fi le, editing, and help operations. The middle window is used for entry and editing of metadata text, which may follow the currently selected (in the upper window) metadata element. The bottom one-line window is used to display the precedence (mandatory, optional, repeatable, etc.) of elements Executive Order 12906 available on the Add menu and a short description of the function of the picks available on other menus. (Principal contact is Peter N. Schweitzer, U.S. Executive Order 12906, “Coordinating Geographic Data Acquisition and Geological Survey, accessed February 22, 1999 on the World Wide Web at URL Access: The National Spatial Data Infrastructure,” was signed on April 11, 1994, http://badger.state.wi.us/agencies/wlib/sco/metatool/xtme.htm.) by President William Clinton. Section 3, Development of a National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse, paragraph (b) states: “Standardized Documentation of Data. Beginning 9 months from the date of this order, each agency shall document all new geospatial data it collects or produces, either directly or indirectly, using the standard under development by the FGDC, and make that standardized documentation electronically accessible to the Clearinghouse network. Within 1 year of the date of this order, agencies shall adopt a schedule, developed in consultation with the FGDC, for documenting, to the extent practicable, geospatial data previously collected or produced, either directly or indirectly, and making that data documentation electronically accessible to the Clearinghouse network.” This standard is the data documentation standard referenced in the Executive Order (Federal Geographic Data Committee, 1994).
Metadata Tools
Following is a brief description of the metadata tools that were used in this study. For more information on metadata tools visit http://badger.state.wi.us/ agencies/wlib/sco/metatool/mtools.htm. This web page leads to summaries of most of the known metadata tools used for documenting geospatial data. It includes tools for entering and editing metadata and utilities for preprocessing, postprocessing, and validating metadata. Some ESRI metadata tools were accessible February 22, 1999, from http://andes.esri.com/arcscripts/scripts.cfm by searching for the keyword ‘metadata.’ xtme, cns (Chew and Spit), and mp
[available February 22, 1999, on the World Wide Web at URL http://geology.usgs.gov/ Figure 17. An example of the xtme graphical user interface (GUI). tools/metadata/] xtme is a metadata entry tool that operates in the X-Windows environment. The user interface consists of a three-paned window (fi g. 17). The upper window shows the hierarchically arranged metadata element tree of the current metadata fi le and has The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D41
The `depth’ of the tree view can be selected. Entire sections of the metadata mp is a utility that checks hierarchically indented text metadata (or SGML tree can be cut and pasted within xtme and brought in from other `X’ windows, metadata, if it is ‘perfect’) against the CSDGM. The error report fl ags deviations from including another xtme session. Xtme is smart enough to only allow a tree to be the production rules for the CSDGM and element values not allowed in the domain of pasted in where it is allowed. It is possible to blank all the text entered into a selected each element. In addition to producing a hierarchically indented (2-space indent) text part of the metadata tree without losing the element tree itself. A ‘prune’ function, output, it also produces an HTML output with a `table of contents,’ an SGML output, which removes empty elements (empty data entry elements or compound elements and a DIF (Directory Interchange Format) output (fi g. 19). If the metadata does with empty children) below the currently selected element (in the editor), has satisfy the CSDGM, but does not use hierarchical indentation to indicate parent/child recently been added. This may be unleashed at the highest (Metadata) element to relationships in the metadata (e.g., numbers are used instead), mp will choke on clean up a document produced by other metadata tools that pass empty elements it. However, that same metadata may be effectively preprocessed with cns, after on through to the output report. (Principal contact is Peter N. Schweitzer, U.S. which it may pass mp successfully. (Principal contact is Peter N. Schweitzer, U.S. Geological Survey, accessed February 22, 1999 on the World Wide Web at URL Geological Survey, accessed February 22, 1999 on the World Wide Web at URL http://badger.state.wi.us/agencies/wlib/sco/metatool/xtme.htm.) http://badger.state.wi.us/agencies/wlib/sco/metatool/mp.htm.) cns is a metadata preprocessor that processes metadata with varying degrees of conformance to the 1998 Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) into an output that is more compatible with mp. This is especially useful for Clearinghouses that may collect metadata from source agencies producing metadata differing in format because of the metadata tool or template employed at each agency, or because the agency metadata profile differs from the CSDGM. Cns gets confused by lines in text elements that begin with a string that is the same as an element name. Because it is designed to recognize such strings amid noise, it naturally jumps on them when they are found easily. This is a well documented ‘feature,’ and the author of the tool is looking for a good way to turn it off. (Principal contact is Peter N. Schweitzer, U.S. Geological Survey, accessed February 22, 1999 Figure 19. A compiler for formal metadata—mp syntax. on the World Wide Web at URL http://badger.state.wi.us/agencies/wlib/sco/metatool/ cns.htm.) Cns provides syntax to store any text elements that the program extracts as noise into the ‘leftovers’ fi le (fi g. 18). The operational characteristics (input/output) of mp are controlled through a confi guration fi le. How to customize the confi guration fi le is described in the tool’s metadata and also (in somewhat more detail) through a web page devoted to the confi guration fi le. Some notable items that can be controlled through the confi guration fi le include: updating a metadata fi le produced under the June 8, 1994, CSDGM to the newer (1998) version of the CSDGM and production of Dublin Core elements in META tags in the HEAD of output HTML documents. A new option (-fi xdoc) beginning with version 2.2.6 is specifi cally designed to ease conversion of metadata created with document.aml into a form suitable for further Figure 18. Metadata preprocessor—cns (Chew and Spit) syntax. editing with tools such as xtme. (Principal contact is Peter N. Schweitzer, U.S. Geological Survey, accessed February 22, 1999 on the World Wide Web at URL http://badger.state.wi.us/agencies/wlib/sco/metatool/mp.htm.) D42 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
Document.aml 7.0.4 Beta this tool allows contact and distribution information to be entered that will then be available to be attached to the metadata for any speciÞ c data set (Principal contact is The Document.aml (Arc Macro Language) tool is a metadata documentation M. Negri, U.S. Geological Survey, accessed February 22, 1999 on the World Wide utility to be used with Unix versions of ARC/INFO. It was originally developed by Web at URL http://badger.state.wi.us/agencies/wlib/sco/metatool/document.htm.) the USGS and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and was adopted by ESRI for incorporation into ARC/INFO version 7 (fig. 20). When Document is applied to ArcView 3.0 Metadata Collector Extension an ARC/INFO coverage, it extracts some of the metadata information (e.g., Point and Vector Object Information, attributes) automatically, which cuts down the time and effort required to carry out the documentation. It has an online help feature. [available February 22, 1999 on the World Wide Web at URL http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ It was developed prior to the 1994 version of the Content Standards and reß ected metadata/text/download.html] its heritage with input and output elements that do not correspond to the June 8, The ArcView Metadata Collector was developed by contractors at the National 1994, CSDGM. Additionally, the output reports produced by Document had irregular Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Coastal Services Center (CSC). formatting, and a considerable amount of work still remained to bring it to a form This is an easy-to-use software application that can be utilized by any ArcView that would pass Peter Schweitzer’s metadata compiler (mp). This led to development user without having to fully understand the Federal Geographic Data Committee’s of tools like Data Dictionary and BLMDOC.AML. A recent announcement from (FGDC) “Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata.” The tool provides USGS explains improvements over these earlier versions of DOCUMENT.AML, a dialog for creating FGDC-compliant metadata for any data type supported by which include a FILE option output that is close to 100 percent compliant to the ArcView including ARC/INFO coverages, ArcView shapefiles, as well as any CSDGM, modiÞ cations to ensure that no metadata are lost in the HTML option supported image formats (fig. 21). The tool automatically extracts information output, and several other AML coding enhancements. An administrative feature of (metadata), such as bounding coordinates, map projections, and attribute information. In addition, the tool stores information into .dbf files that can be edited, if needed, and reused for subsequent metadata records. The application generates output in both text and HTML formats. If you are creating metadata for an ARC/INFO coverage, you also have the option of generating an INFO file that will become part of that coverage. (accessed February 22, 1999 on the World Wide Web at URL http://www.csc.noaa.gov/metadata/text/download.html).
Figure 21. ArcView 3.0 metadata collector extension Figure 20. Metadata documentation utility—document.aml (Arc Macro Language) syntax. dialog. The Colorado Plateau Geographic Information System (GIS): An Introduction to the ArcView Project and Data Library D43
Corpsmet95
[available February 22, 1999, on the World Wide Web at URL http:// corpsgeo1.usace.army.mil] Corpsmet95 is a CSDGM metadata creation tool developed under contract for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Like xtme, the interface to this tool provides multiple panes for the user. The left-hand pane displays a tree view of the metadata elements, and the right-hand pane is used for metadata entry (fi g. 22). [available February 22, 1999, on the World Wide Web at URL http://badger.state.wi.us/agencies/wlib/sco/metatool/cormet95.htm] The depth of the metadata element tree displayed in the left-hand pane can be increased by mouse-clicking an element, similar to opening successively deeper one of a choice (radio buttons on the branch), and modifi ers to these elements to folders in File Manager or Windows Explorer. A very nice feature of the tree view indicate sections that are partially complete (an orange blob with exclamation point), is the use of icons to indicate which elements are mandatory (a key), mandatory if or complete (a check mark). The degree-of-completion modifi ers propagate correctly applicable (a key with a superimposed question mark), optional (a question mark), up the tree, so partially complete child elements are refl ected as a partially complete parent as well. These modifi ers only become visible when a subsection has been modifi ed from its original blank state. Elements that can be repeated are sometimes indicated with a page symbol and a number following the element name; however, such elements are not indicated consistently. To add additional instances of these elements that may repeat, right-mouse-button-click on the element above the element indicated with a page symbol (e.g. Distribution_Information above Distribution_Information_1). This will cause a small pop-up menu with an ‘Add’ option to surface and that, on selection, would add something like Distribution_Information_2 to the metadata element tree. Right-mouse-button- clicking on repeatable elements of instance number 2 or higher will allow them to be removed. A triple dot modifi er to the base symbols is used to indicate that the particular element can display deeper elements in the metadata tree (i.e., it is a compound element). When the lowest element in a branch of the tree does not have the triple dot modifi er, it can be double-clicked to open that element in the right-hand window for metadata entry. [available February 22, 1999, on the World Wide Web at URL http://badger.state.wi.us/agencies/wlib/sco/metatool/cormet95.htm] The right-hand pane provides the means to enter metadata information by typing it into text boxes (or pasting in from other Windows applications), or by selecting from pick lists. This pane may be for the entry of a single element, or for several elements in which case the pane is ‘tabbed’ for each element. Additional ‘tabs’ may be added into the right-hand pane depending on the selection for a ‘choice’ element. Selecting the ‘Apply’ button in the right-hand pane saves changes to the section currently being edited. Selecting the ‘OK’ button saves the section and closes the metadata entry pane for the current element. [available February 22, 1999, on the World Wide Web at URL http://badger.state.wi.us/agencies/wlib/sco/metatool/ Figure 22. Corpsmet metadata creation tool. cormet95.htm] D44 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
When sections 1 and 7 (Identifi cation Information and Metadata Reference Information) are complete (checked in the tree view), the user can ‘Build a Metadata File,’ that is, create an output fi le in ASCII form. This output metadata fi le breezes right through mp. Any sections that are only partially complete (according to the CSDGM production rules) are not transmitted to the output fi le. That last characteristic is good if you just want to output the squeaky clean parts of your metadata, but it is frustrating if you knowingly want to bend the rules a little. [available February 22, 1999, on the World Wide Web at URL http://badger.state.wi.us/agencies/wlib/sco/metatool/cormet95.htm]
National Coal Resource Assessment
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