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Peroxisome: the New Player in Ferroptosis
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy www.nature.com/sigtrans RESEARCH HIGHLIGHT OPEN Peroxisome: the new player in ferroptosis Daolin Tang1,2 and Guido Kroemer 3,4,5 Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy (2020) 5:273; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-00404-3 A recent paper published in Nature by Zou et al. reported that peroxisomes was positively correlated with susceptibility to peroxisomes, membrane-bound oxidative organelles, contribute ferroptosis. Therefore, peroxisomes may be added to the list of to ferroptosis through the biosynthesis of plasmalogens for lipid organelles that can initiate the ferroptotic cell death.5 peroxidation (Fig. 1).1 These observations provide new insights Subsequently, the author explored how peroxisomes affect the into the lipid metabolic basis of ferroptotic cell death. sensitivity of cells to ferroptosis. Peroxisomal enzymes involved in Cell death, which is essential for organismal homeostasis, the synthesis of plasmalogens, such as alkylglycerone phosphate exhibits multiple subroutines with different molecular mechan- synthase (AGPS), fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 (FAR1), and glycer- isms and signaling cascades.2 Within the expanding typology of onephosphate O-acyltransferase (GNPAT), were significantly regulated cell death pathways, ferroptosis is an iron-dependent enriched among the CRISPR targets that confer cytoprotection. non-apoptotic cell death caused by unrestrained lipid peroxida- Lipidomic analysis revealed that the production of plasmalogens tion culminating in irreversible plasma membrane -
PEX2 Is the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Required for Pexophagy During Starvation
JCB: Article PEX2 is the E3 ubiquitin ligase required for pexophagy during starvation Graeme Sargent,1,6 Tim van Zutphen,7 Tatiana Shatseva,6 Ling Zhang,3 Valeria Di Giovanni,3 Robert Bandsma,2,3,4,5 and Peter Kijun Kim1,6 1Cell Biology Department, 2Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, 3Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Research Institute, 4Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and 5Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada 6Biochemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada 7Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, Netherlands Peroxisomes are metabolic organelles necessary for anabolic and catabolic lipid reactions whose numbers are highly dynamic based on the metabolic need of the cells. One mechanism to regulate peroxisome numbers is through an auto- phagic process called pexophagy. In mammalian cells, ubiquitination of peroxisomal membrane proteins signals pexo- phagy; however, the E3 ligase responsible for mediating ubiquitination is not known. Here, we report that the peroxisomal E3 ubiquitin ligase peroxin 2 (PEX2) is the causative agent for mammalian pexophagy. Expression of PEX2 leads to Downloaded from gross ubiquitination of peroxisomes and degradation of peroxisomes in an NBR1-dependent autophagic process. We identify PEX5 and PMP70 as substrates of PEX2 that are ubiquitinated during amino acid starvation. We also find that PEX2 expression is up-regulated during both amino acid starvation and rapamycin treatment, suggesting that the mTORC1 pathway regulates pexophagy by regulating PEX2 expression levels. Finally, we validate our findings in vivo using an animal model. -
Combinatorial Genomic Data Refute the Human Chromosome 2 Evolutionary Fusion and Build a Model of Functional Design for Interstitial Telomeric Repeats
The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism Volume 8 Print Reference: Pages 222-228 Article 32 2018 Combinatorial Genomic Data Refute the Human Chromosome 2 Evolutionary Fusion and Build a Model of Functional Design for Interstitial Telomeric Repeats Jeffrey P. Tomkins Institute for Creation Research Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings Part of the Biology Commons, and the Genomics Commons DigitalCommons@Cedarville provides a publication platform for fully open access journals, which means that all articles are available on the Internet to all users immediately upon publication. However, the opinions and sentiments expressed by the authors of articles published in our journals do not necessarily indicate the endorsement or reflect the views of DigitalCommons@Cedarville, the Centennial Library, or Cedarville University and its employees. The authors are solely responsible for the content of their work. Please address questions to [email protected]. Browse the contents of this volume of The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism. Recommended Citation Tomkins, J.P. 2018. Combinatorial genomic data refute the human chromosome 2 evolutionary fusion and build a model of functional design for interstitial telomeric repeats. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism, ed. J.H. Whitmore, pp. 222–228. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Creation Science Fellowship. Tomkins, J.P. 2018. Combinatorial genomic data refute the human chromosome 2 evolutionary fusion and build a model of functional design for interstitial telomeric repeats. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism, ed. J.H. Whitmore, pp. 222–228. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Creation Science Fellowship. COMBINATORIAL GENOMIC DATA REFUTE THE HUMAN CHROMOSOME 2 EVOLUTIONARY FUSION AND BUILD A MODEL OF FUNCTIONAL DESIGN FOR INTERSTITIAL TELOMERIC REPEATS Jeffrey P. -
The Peroxisomal PTS1-Import Defect of PEX1- Deficient Cells Is Independent of Pexophagy in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Communication The Peroxisomal PTS1-Import Defect of PEX1- Deficient Cells Is Independent of Pexophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Thomas Mastalski, Rebecca Brinkmeier and Harald W. Platta * Biochemie Intrazellulärer Transportprozesse, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany; [email protected] (T.M.); [email protected] (R.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-234-3224-968 Received: 10 January 2020; Accepted: 27 January 2020; Published: 29 January 2020 Abstract: The important physiologic role of peroxisomes is shown by the occurrence of peroxisomal biogenesis disorders (PBDs) in humans. This spectrum of autosomal recessive metabolic disorders is characterized by defective peroxisome assembly and impaired peroxisomal functions. PBDs are caused by mutations in the peroxisomal biogenesis factors, which are required for the correct compartmentalization of peroxisomal matrix enzymes. Recent work from patient cells that contain the Pex1(G843D) point mutant suggested that the inhibition of the lysosome, and therefore the block of pexophagy, was beneficial for peroxisomal function. The resulting working model proposed that Pex1 may not be essential for matrix protein import at all, but rather for the prevention of pexophagy. Thus, the observed matrix protein import defect would not be caused by a lack of Pex1 activity, but rather by enhanced removal of peroxisomal membranes via pexophagy. In the present study, we can show that the specific block of PEX1 deletion-induced pexophagy does not restore peroxisomal matrix protein import or the peroxisomal function in beta-oxidation in yeast. Therefore, we conclude that Pex1 is directly and essentially involved in peroxisomal matrix protein import, and that the PEX1 deletion-induced pexophagy is not responsible for the defect in peroxisomal function. -
Autophagy - Autophagy
EMBO Molecular Medicine cross-journal focus Autophagy - Autophagy EDITORS Andrea Leibfried Editor [email protected] | T + Andrea worked with Jan Lohmann on stem cell maintenance in the plant Arabidopsis before moving to the eld of trafcking. In she obtained her PhD from the Université Pierre et Marie Curie in Paris, for which she studied DE-Cadherin trafcking in Drosophila with Yohanns Bellaiche at the Curie Institute. She then went to Anne Ephrussi’s lab at the EMBL in Heidelberg to work on oocyte polarity and mRNA trafcking in Drosophila. Andrea joined The EMBO Journal in . Nonia Pariente Senior Editor [email protected] | T + Nonia joined EMBO Reports in August . She studied biochemistry and molecular biology in Madrid’s Autónoma University, where she also gained her PhD on the generation of new antiviral strategies against RNA viruses. She did a four-year post-doc at UCLA focusing on the development of new strategies for gene therapy. Céline Carret Editor [email protected] | T + Céline Carret completed her PhD at the University of Montpellier, France, characterising host immunodominant antigens to ght babesiosis, a parasitic disease caused by a unicellular EMBO Apicomplexan parasite closely related to the malaria agent Plasmodium. She further developed Molecular her post-doctoral career on malaria working at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in Cambridge, Medicine UK and Instituto de Medicina Molecular in Lisbon, Portugal. Céline joined EMBO Molecular Medicine as a Scientic Editor in March . Maria Polychronidou Editor [email protected] | T + Maria received her PhD from the University of Heidelberg, where she studied the role of nuclear membrane proteins in development and aging. -
Genetic and Genomic Analysis of Hyperlipidemia, Obesity and Diabetes Using (C57BL/6J × TALLYHO/Jngj) F2 Mice
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Nutrition Publications and Other Works Nutrition 12-19-2010 Genetic and genomic analysis of hyperlipidemia, obesity and diabetes using (C57BL/6J × TALLYHO/JngJ) F2 mice Taryn P. Stewart Marshall University Hyoung Y. Kim University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Arnold M. Saxton University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Jung H. Kim Marshall University Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_nutrpubs Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, and the Nutrition Commons Recommended Citation BMC Genomics 2010, 11:713 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-11-713 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Nutrition at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nutrition Publications and Other Works by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Stewart et al. BMC Genomics 2010, 11:713 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/713 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Genetic and genomic analysis of hyperlipidemia, obesity and diabetes using (C57BL/6J × TALLYHO/JngJ) F2 mice Taryn P Stewart1, Hyoung Yon Kim2, Arnold M Saxton3, Jung Han Kim1* Abstract Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common form of diabetes in humans and is closely associated with dyslipidemia and obesity that magnifies the mortality and morbidity related to T2D. The genetic contribution to human T2D and related metabolic disorders is evident, and mostly follows polygenic inheritance. The TALLYHO/ JngJ (TH) mice are a polygenic model for T2D characterized by obesity, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose uptake and tolerance, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia. -
Research Article Label-Free Proteomics of the Fetal Pancreas Identifies Deficits in the Peroxisome in Rats with Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Hindawi Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Volume 2019, Article ID 1520753, 15 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1520753 Research Article Label-Free Proteomics of the Fetal Pancreas Identifies Deficits in the Peroxisome in Rats with Intrauterine Growth Restriction Xiaomei Liu ,1 Yanyan Guo ,1 Jun Wang ,1,2 Linlin Gao ,3 and Caixia Liu 1 1Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Benxi Central Hospital of China Medical University, Benxi 117022, China 3Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China Correspondence should be addressed to Xiaomei Liu; [email protected] Received 14 May 2019; Revised 31 August 2019; Accepted 9 September 2019; Published 3 November 2019 Guest Editor: Roberta Cascella Copyright © 2019 Xiaomei Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Aim. The objective of the present study was to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the pancreas of a fetus with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and to investigate the molecular mechanisms leading to adulthood diabetes in IUGR. Methods. The IUGR rat model was induced by maternal protein malnutrition. The fetal pancreas was collected at embryonic day 20 (E20). Protein was extracted, pooled, and subjected to label-free quantitative proteomic analysis. Bioinformatics analysis (GO and IPA) was performed to define the pathways and networks associated with DEPs. LC-MS results were confirmed by western blotting and/or quantitative PCR (q-PCR). -
Peroxisomal Disorders and Their Mouse Models Point to Essential Roles of Peroxisomes for Retinal Integrity
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Peroxisomal Disorders and Their Mouse Models Point to Essential Roles of Peroxisomes for Retinal Integrity Yannick Das, Daniëlle Swinkels and Myriam Baes * Lab of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; [email protected] (Y.D.); [email protected] (D.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Peroxisomes are multifunctional organelles, well known for their role in cellular lipid homeostasis. Their importance is highlighted by the life-threatening diseases caused by peroxisomal dysfunction. Importantly, most patients suffering from peroxisomal biogenesis disorders, even those with a milder disease course, present with a number of ocular symptoms, including retinopathy. Patients with a selective defect in either peroxisomal α- or β-oxidation or ether lipid synthesis also suffer from vision problems. In this review, we thoroughly discuss the ophthalmological pathology in peroxisomal disorder patients and, where possible, the corresponding animal models, with a special emphasis on the retina. In addition, we attempt to link the observed retinal phenotype to the underlying biochemical alterations. It appears that the retinal pathology is highly variable and the lack of histopathological descriptions in patients hampers the translation of the findings in the mouse models. Furthermore, it becomes clear that there are still large gaps in the current knowledge on the contribution of the different metabolic disturbances to the retinopathy, but branched chain fatty acid accumulation and impaired retinal PUFA homeostasis are likely important factors. Citation: Das, Y.; Swinkels, D.; Baes, Keywords: peroxisome; Zellweger; metabolism; fatty acid; retina M. Peroxisomal Disorders and Their Mouse Models Point to Essential Roles of Peroxisomes for Retinal Integrity. -
Supplementary Table S4. FGA Co-Expressed Gene List in LUAD
Supplementary Table S4. FGA co-expressed gene list in LUAD tumors Symbol R Locus Description FGG 0.919 4q28 fibrinogen gamma chain FGL1 0.635 8p22 fibrinogen-like 1 SLC7A2 0.536 8p22 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 2 DUSP4 0.521 8p12-p11 dual specificity phosphatase 4 HAL 0.51 12q22-q24.1histidine ammonia-lyase PDE4D 0.499 5q12 phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP-specific FURIN 0.497 15q26.1 furin (paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme) CPS1 0.49 2q35 carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1, mitochondrial TESC 0.478 12q24.22 tescalcin INHA 0.465 2q35 inhibin, alpha S100P 0.461 4p16 S100 calcium binding protein P VPS37A 0.447 8p22 vacuolar protein sorting 37 homolog A (S. cerevisiae) SLC16A14 0.447 2q36.3 solute carrier family 16, member 14 PPARGC1A 0.443 4p15.1 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha SIK1 0.435 21q22.3 salt-inducible kinase 1 IRS2 0.434 13q34 insulin receptor substrate 2 RND1 0.433 12q12 Rho family GTPase 1 HGD 0.433 3q13.33 homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase PTP4A1 0.432 6q12 protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 1 C8orf4 0.428 8p11.2 chromosome 8 open reading frame 4 DDC 0.427 7p12.2 dopa decarboxylase (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase) TACC2 0.427 10q26 transforming, acidic coiled-coil containing protein 2 MUC13 0.422 3q21.2 mucin 13, cell surface associated C5 0.412 9q33-q34 complement component 5 NR4A2 0.412 2q22-q23 nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2 EYS 0.411 6q12 eyes shut homolog (Drosophila) GPX2 0.406 14q24.1 glutathione peroxidase -
Mutations in Novel Peroxin Gene PEX26 That Cause Peroxisome
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 73:233–246, 2003 Mutations in Novel Peroxin Gene PEX26 That Cause Peroxisome-Biogenesis Disorders of Complementation Group 8 Provide a Genotype-Phenotype Correlation Naomi Matsumoto,1,* Shigehiko Tamura,1,* Satomi Furuki,1,* Non Miyata,1 Ann Moser,2 Nobuyuki Shimozawa,3 Hugo W. Moser,2 Yasuyuki Suzuki,3 Naomi Kondo,3 and Yukio Fujiki1,4 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School, Fukuoka, Japan; 2Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Kennedy-Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; 3Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and 4SORST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan The human disorders of peroxisome biogenesis (PBDs) are subdivided into 12 complementation groups (CGs). CG8 is one of the more common of these and is associated with varying phenotypes, ranging from the most severe, Zellweger syndrome (ZS), to the milder neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD) and infantile Refsum disease (IRD). PEX26, encoding the 305-amino-acid membrane peroxin, has been shown to be deficient in CG8. We studied the PEX26 genotype in fibroblasts of eight CG8 patients—four with the ZS phenotype, two with NALD, and two with IRD. Catalase was mostly cytosolic in all these cell lines, but import of the proteins that contained PTS1, the SKL peroxisome targeting sequence, was normal. Expression of PEX26 reestablished peroxisomes in all eight cell lines, confirming that PEX26 defects are pathogenic in CG8 patients. When cells were cultured at 30ЊC, catalase import was restored in the cell lines from patients with the NALD and IRD phenotypes, but to a much lesser extent in those with the ZS phenotype, indicating that temperature sensitivity varied inversely with the severity of the clinical phenotype. -
Multiple Pathways for Protein Transport to Peroxisomes
Review Multiple Pathways for Protein Transport to Peroxisomes P.K. Kim 1,2 and E.H. Hettema 3 1 - Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8 2 - Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8 3 - Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, United Kingdom Correspondence to E.H. Hettema: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2015.02.005 Edited by S. High Abstract Peroxisomes are unique among the organelles of the endomembrane system. Unlike other organelles that derive most if not all of their proteins from the ER (endoplasmic reticulum), peroxisomes contain dedicated machineries for import of matrix proteins and insertion of membrane proteins. However, peroxisomes are also able to import a subset of their membrane proteins from the ER. One aspect of peroxisome biology that has remained ill defined is the role the various import pathways play in peroxisome maintenance. In this review, we discuss the available data on matrix and membrane protein import into peroxisomes. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Introduction dependent on consumption of energy in the form of ATP. Several aspects of peroxisomal protein transport Peroxisomes are organelles found in almost all distinguish it from other translocation systems. For eukaryotic cells. They are bounded by a single example, peroxisomal proteins can fold, acquire membrane and are usually spherical. -
Supplemental Table 1. List of Candidate Gene Filters Used in the Analysis of Exome Sequencing. MYOPATHY NEUROPATHY MND ABHD5
BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance Supplemental material placed on this supplemental material which has been supplied by the author(s) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry Supplemental table 1. List of candidate gene filters used in the analysis of exome sequencing. MYOPATHY NEUROPATHY MND ABHD5 AAAS AAAS ACADL AARS1 AARS1 ACADM ABCA1 AGT ACADS ABCD1 ALAD ACADVL ABHD12 ALS2 ACTA1 ADCY6 ANG ADSSL1 AFG3L2 APEX1 AGL AIFM1 APOE AGPAT2 AMACR AR AGRN ANG ASAH1 AIRE AP1S1 ATM ALDOA APOA1 ATP7A ALG14 APTX ATXN2 ALG2 ARHGEF10 ATXN3 ALG3 ARL6IP1 B4GALT6 ANKRD2 ARSA BCL11B ANO5 ASAH1 BCL6 ASCC1 ATL1 BICD2 ATGL ATL3 BSCL2 ATP2A1 ATM C19orf12 ATRN ATXN1 C9orf72 B3GALNT2 ATXN10 CCS B3GNT2 ATXN2 CDH13 BAG3 ATXN3 CDH22 BIN1 ATXN7 CHCHD10 BSCL2 B2M CHMP2B BVES B4GALNT1 CNTF CACNA1S BAG3 CNTN4 CAPN3 BCKDHB CNTN6 CASQ1 BSCL2 CRIM1 CAV1 C12orf65 CRYM CAV3 C9orf72 CSNK1G3 CAVIN1 CLP1 CST3 CCDC78 CNTNAP1 CUL4B CDKN1C COX10 CYP2D6 CFL2 COX6A1 DAO Grunseich C, et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021;0:1–11. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-325437 BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance Supplemental material placed on this supplemental material which has been supplied by the author(s) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry CHAT CPOX DCAF15 CHCHD10 CRYAB DCTN1 CHD7 CTDP1 DIAPH3 CHKB CTSA DISC1 CHN1 CYP27A1 DNAJB2 CHRM3 DARS2 DOC2B CHRNA1 DDHD1 DPP6 CHRNB1 DGUOK DYNC1H1 CHRND DHH EFEMP1 CHRNE DHTKD1 ELP3 CIDEC DMD EPHA4 CLCN1 DNAJB2 EWSR1 CLN3 DNAJC3 EXOSC3 CNBP DNM2 FBLN5 CNTN1 DYNC1H1 FBXO38 COA3 EGR2 FEZF2 COL12A1 EMD FGGY COL13A1 ERCC6 FIG4 COL6A ERCC8 FUS COL6A1 FAH GARS1 COL6A2 FAM126A GBE1 COL6A3 FBLN5 GMPPA COL9A3 FGD4 GRB14 COLQ FGF14 GRN COX10 FIG4 HEXA COX15 FLNC HFE CPT2 FLRT1 HINT1 CRAT FLVCR1 HSPB1 CRPPA FMR1 HSPB3 CRYAB FUS HSPB8 CTNS FXN IGHMBP2 DAG1 GALC ITPR2 DECR1 GAN KDR DES GARS1 KIFAP3 DGUOK GBA2 KLHL9 DIH1 GBE1 LAMA2 DMD GDAP1 LAS1L DMPK GJB1 LIF DNAJB6 GJB3 LIPC DNAJC19 GLA LOX Grunseich C, et al.