Absolutism and the Kings of & Scotland The Stuarts (1603-1688) STUART ABSOLUTISM James I Charles I Charles II James II

CROMWELL

INTERREGNUM J I C I C II J II Central Issues

1. Enforcement of State Religion 2. King’s Power to Tax 3. Who is Sovereign? STUART ABSOLUTISM DIVINE RIGHT First Permanent English Settlement in N. America (1607)

Virginia Company Private Investment

The Gunpowder Plot

“Guy Fawkes Day”

Anti-Catholic Holiday • Remember remember the fifth of November Gunpowder, treason and plot. I see no reason why gunpowder, treason Should ever be forgot...

CHURCH OF ENGLAND Everyone in England must belong to the . The King James Bible (1611) • in 1604, a group of urged James to support a new English translation of the Bible • represented the Anglican and Puritan desire to encourage lay people to read the Scriptures • foundation of Protestant Christianity in the English- speaking world • the most widely sold version of the Bible

The King James Bible (1611) “Authorized” Version

People must read the King’s Bible

Puritans and Separatists

CoE “Too Catholic”

One Doctrine Two Approaches ANGLICANS CALVINISTS Church of Puritans Separatists England SATISFIED PURIFY SEPARATE MORE ABSOLUTISM Petition of Right (1628)

A declaration of rights passed by in response to Charles’ abuses of power • Charles dissolved Parliament in 1629 • Parliament did not meet during this time • In 1640, Charles was eventually presented with an ultimatum that would have stripped him of all effective authority; he chose instead to raise an army, and Parliament did the same

CAVALIERS ROUNDHEADS Supporters of Supporters of the King Parliament

• Charles I beheaded

• END of Stuart Absolutism

INTERREGNUM “Between Kings”

Oliver Cromwell “”

Military Dictatorship Strict Puritanical Rule Puritans Control Parliament De-Catholicising of the Anglican Church Christmas

Cromwell’s Parliament passed laws to restrict traditional celebrations of Christmas, which featured twelve days of feasting, drinking, and idleness. Ireland Cromwell’s invasion of Ireland

Restoration of 1660

-re-established monarchy in Charles II (1660-1685)

James II (1685-1688)

• Return of Catholicism

1689 Bill of Rights (Declaration of Rights) • Affirmed Parliament’s right to make laws and tax • Laid the foundation for a constitutional monarchy – constitutionalism Queen Anne Stuart (Anne I) 1702-1714 • last of the Stuart monarchy • Act of Union 1707 – brought England and Scotland together under one parliament, one sovereign, and one flag – united England and Scotland into Great Britain – Anne became the first monarch of Great Britain

The Acts of Union are presented to Queen Anne by the Duke of Queensbury in 1707