THE MAX PLANCK ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW VOLUME I
Published under the Auspices of the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law
Edited under the Direction of Riidiger Wolfrum
MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS CONTENTS
List of Entries in Volume I xii List of Abbreviations xvii
VOLUME I AAPL v Sri Lanka Case to Casamance Conflict
VOLUME II Case Concerning Certain Questions of Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (Djibouti v France) to Delagoa Bay Arbitration
VOLUME III Delagoa Bay Railway Arbitration to Federal States
VOLUME IV Feminism, Approach to International Law to Human Rights, Treaties, Extraterritorial Application and Effects
VOLUME V Human Rights, Treaties, Third-Party Effect to International Organizations or Institutions, Headquarters
VOLUME VI International Organizations or Institutions, History of to Martens Clause
VOLUME VII Martini Case to Ozone Layer, International Protection
VOLUME VIII Pacific Islands to San Marino
VOLUME IX Sanctions to Treaties of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation
VOLUME X Treaties, Provisional Application to Zones of Peace LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME I
AAPL v Sri Lanka Case IRMGARD MARBOE 1 Abduction, Transboundary STEPHAN WILSKE 4 Aboriginal Title HANRI MOSTERT 9 Abu Dhabi Oil Arbitration RUDOLF DOLZER 18 Abuse of Rights ALEXANDRE KISS 20 Abyei Arbitration BROOKS W DALY AND GARTH SCHOFIELD 26 Access to Information on Environmental Matters JONAS EBBESSON 31 Access to Justice in Environmental Matters JONAS EBBESSON .' 37 Accretion RAM P ANAND • 44 Achille Lauro Affair (1985) CHIARA RAGNI 41 Acquiescence NUNO SERGIO MARQUES ANTUNES 53 Acquis communautaire MEINHARD HILF 58 Act of State Doctrine FAUSTO DE QUADROS AND JOHN HENRY DINGFELDER STONE 62 Administrative Boards, Commissions, and Tribunals in International Organizations ANNA RIDDELL 66 Admiralty Law THOMAS DE LA MOTTE 77 Admission of a State to Membership in the United Nations (Advisory Opinions) THOMAS M FRANCK 87 Adriatic Sea BUDISLAV VUKAS 89 Advisory Opinions HUGH THIRLWAY 97 Advisory Opinions of the Permanent Court of International Justice on Issues of the International Labour Organization ANNE-MARIE LA ROSA AND EMMANUELLE SAINT-PIERRE GUILBAULT 106 Aegean Sea JON M VAN DYKE 113 Aerial Incident Cases before International Courts and Tribunals KAY HAILBRONNER AND DANIEL HEILMANN 119 Afghanistan, Conflict EBRAHIM AFSAH 127 African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (1981) FATSAH OUGUERGOUZ 136 African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACommHPR) RACHEL MURRAY 147 African Court of Justice (ACJ) BIJAN TAVAKOLI 154 African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACtHPR) FRANS VILJOEN 157 African Union (AU) FRANS VILJOEN 162 Age Discrimination STEFAN RUPPERT AND KRISTINA LOVRIC-PERNAK 174 Agenda 21 DINAH SHELTON 184 Agenda for Development NicoJ SCHRIJVER 189 Agenda for Peace HANSPETERNEUHOLD 196 Aggression YORAM DINSTEIN 201 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (1994) DANIEL GERVAIS 210 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME I Xlll
Ahmadou Sadio Diallo Case (Republic of Guinea v Democratic Republic of the Congo) KIRSTEN SCHMALENBACH 224 Air Defence Identification Zones J ASHLEY ROACH 231 Air Law LISATOMAS 233 Air Transport Agreements, Regulation of Liability LISATOMAS 242 Air Transport Disputes, Arbitrations on RODERICK D VAN DAM 246 Air Warfare YORAM DINSTEIN , 251 Airspace STEPHAN HOBE 263 Akayesu Case ERIKMOSE 267 Alabama Arbitration TOM BINGHAM 272 Al-Adsani Case ECKART KLEIN 275 Aland Islands STEN HARCK 279 Aliens KAYHAILBRONNERANDJANAGOGOLIN 285 Aliens, Expulsion and Deportation WALTER KALIN 294 Aliens, Integration NORMAN WEISS 299 Alliances LOUISE FAWCETT 305 Altmark, The TOBIAS PIERLINGS ..312 Amazon River GEORGE (ROCK) PRING AND CHRISTIAN TRONCOSO 313 Ambatielos Case WOLFGANG WEISS 317 Amco v Indonesia Case IRMGARD MARBOE 320 American Civil War (1861-65) PETER MALANCZUK 324 American Convention on Human Rights (1969) GERALD LNEUMAN 327 American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (1948) CLAUDIO M GROSSMAN 336 American-Canadian Ocean Boundary Disputes and Co-operation TED L MCDORMAN AND DAVID L VANDERZWAAG 342 American-Mexican Boundary Disputes and Co-operation GUNTHERHANDL 348 Amnesties ANJASEIBERT-FOHR 358 Amnesty International (AI) RAMIN MOSCHTAGHI 365 Amu and Syr Darya Rivers and Aral Sea GEORGE (ROCK) PRING AND BRADEN ANGEL 369 Analogy in International Law SILJA VONEKY 374 Andean Community of Nations (CAN) RAFAEL A PORRATA-DORIAJR 381 Andean Community of Nations, Court ofjustice RAFAEL A PORRATA-DORIAJR .... 385 Andorra RAMON VINAS FARRE 388 Angary, Right of WOLFF HEINTSCHEL VON HEINEGG 391 Anglo-Iranian Oil Company Case ALEXANDER ORAKHELASHVILI 396 Angola INGO WINKELMANN 400 Annexation RAINER HOFMANN 408 Antarctica SILJA VONEKY AND SANGEADDISON-AGYEI 418 Anti-Dumping EDWIN VERMULST 436 Anti-Semitism ROBBIE SABEL 445 Antitrust or Competition Law, International JURGEN BASEDOW 450 ANZUS Pact (1951) WILFRLED HOLZ 458 Apartheid JULIA GEBHARD 461 Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide Case (Bosnia and Herzegovina v Serbia and Montenegro) WILLIAM A SCHABAS 468 Xiv LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME I
Aqaba, Gulf of ANDREA GIOIA 475 Arab Charter on Human Rights (2004) MERVAT RISHMAWI 480 Arab Free Trade Area Agreement (1997) KILIAN BALZ 493 Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) RACHID OUAISSA 496 Arab-Israeli Conflict SUSAN M AKRAM AND MICHAEL LYNK 499 Arbitral Commission on Property, Rights and Interests in Germany ROLAND BANK 525 Arbitration CHARLES H BROWER II 531 Arbitration and Conciliation Treaties NICHOLAS BUTLER 549 Archipelagic Waters CARLOS JIMENEZ PIERNAS 553 Archives THOMAS FITSCHEN 560 Arctic Region MICHAEL BYERS 567 Argentina-Chile Frontier Cases XIMENA HINRICHS OYARCE 575 Argentine Debt Crisis JORN AXEL KAMMERER 579 Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo Cases ROBERT UERPMANN-WITTZACK 587 Armed Attack KARL ZEMANEK 595 Armed Conflict, Effect on Contracts NIELS PETERSEN 600 Armed Conflict, Effect on Treaties SILJA VONEKY " 606 Armed Conflict, International EMILY CRAWFORD 612 Armed Conflict, Non-International THILO MARAUHN AND ZACHARIE F NTOUBANDI 626 Armed Forces JEAN-MARIE HENCKAERTS 637 Armistice YORAM DINSTEIN 640 Arms, Traffic in ANTHONY E CASSIMATIS AND KATE GREENWOOD 646 Arrest Warrant Case (Democratic Republic of the Congo v Belgium) MATTHIAS GOLDMANN 653 Artificial Islands, Installations, and Structures ALEX G OUDE ELFERINK 661 Asama Maru Incident (1940) INGO VENZKE 665 Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization (AALCO) SHIKHARRANJAN 667 Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) RAINERGROTE 674 Assembly, Freedom of, International Protection NORMAN WEISS 678 Assimilation, Forced WALTER KALIN 684 Association, Freedom of, International Protection ANA PAULA BARBOSA-FOHRMANN 689 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) PETER MALANCZUK 695 Astronauts VLADLEN S VERESHCHETIN 710 Asylum, Diplomatic PRAKASH SHAH 713 Asylum, Territorial KAY HAILBRONNER AND JANA GOGOLIN 716 Asymmetric Warfare WOLFF HEINTSCHEL VON HEINEGG 725 Atlantic Charter (1941) MOHAMED BENNOUNA 734 Atmosphere, International Protection CHARLOTTE KREUTER-KIRCHHOF 737 Austrian StateTreaty (1955) GERHARD HAFNER 744 Aut dedere aut iudicare MICHAEL P SCHARF 749 Autonomy MARKKU SUKSI 754 Avena and Other Mexican Nationals Case (Mexico v United States of America) PIERRE-MARIE DUPUY AND CRISTINAHOSS 768 Badinter Commission (for the Former Yugoslavia) MALGOSIA FITZMAURICE 775 Balance of Power DETLEV VAGTS 786 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME I XV
Balkan Pact (1953-54) MAJASMRKOLJ 790 Baltic Sea PETER EHLERS 794 Baltic States PETER VAN ELSUWEGE 803 Banco de Bilbao v Sancha and Rey Case MATTHIAS HERDEGEN 817 Bandung Conference (1955) MOHAMED BENNOUNA 819 Bank for International Settlements (BIS) MARC JACOB 821 Bankovic Case CHARLOTTE STEINORTH 826 Barcelona Traction Case STEPHAN WITTICH 832 Barents Sea SUZANNE LALONDE 840 Barrios Altos Case STEFANO BRUGNATELLI 847 Baselines TULLIO SCOVAZZI 852 Bays and Gulfs ANDREA GIOIA 859 Beagle Channel Dispute LOUISE ANGELIQUE DE LA FAYETTE 863 Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union (BLEU) EDUARDSOMERS 869 Belize Dispute HAZEL FOX 874 Belligerency VALENTINA AZAROV AND IDO BLUM 878 Belts and Sund KAARE BANGERT 883 Bering Sea SUZANNE LALONDE 888 Berlin (1945-91) JOCHEN A FROWEIN 894 Berlin Congress (1878) SINA VAN DEN BOGAERT 900 Berlin West Africa Conference (1884-85) ANTONY ANGHIE 906 Best Practices HOLLIN DICKERSON 908 Bhutan PETER MACALISTER-SMITH 914 Biafra Conflict HENNING LAHMANN 920 Biological Diversity, International Protection NELE MATZ-LUCK 927 Biological Safety MARKUS BOCKENFORDE 937 Biological Weapons and Warfare DOMINIKA SVARC 944 Black Sea KATRIN TIROCH 949 Blaskic Case GIDEON BOAS 956 Blockade WOLFF HEINTSCHELVON HEINEGG 960 Bogota Pact (1948) EDUARDO VALENCIA-OSPINA 972 Bombardment AVRIL MCDONALD AND THOMAS BRUHA 979 Bonn and Paris Agreements on Germany (1952 and 1954) FRANK SCHORKOPF .... 985 Booty in Warfare YORAM DINSTEIN ." 990 Borchgrave Case CRISTINA HOSS 993 Border and Transborder Armed Actions Case (Nicaragua v Honduras; Nicaragua v Costa Rica) ANDRE VON WALTER 998 Bosphorus Case NICOLA WENZEL 1001 Boundary Disputes in Africa JACQUES JACOBS AND HANRI MOSTERT 1008 Boundary Disputes in Latin America MARIA TERESA INFANTE CAFFI 1017 Boundary Settlements of Germany after World War II DANIEL-ERASMUS KHAN 1028 Boycott CHRISTOPHER CJOYNER 1039 Brahmaputra River GEORGE (ROCK) PRING AND SHAWN M DAVLIN 1045 Brazilian Loans Case and Serbian Loans Case GERALD G SANDER 1049 Brest-Litovsk, Peace of (1918) SALLYABONIECE 1051 Bretton Woods Conference (1944) ANDREAS F LOWENFELD 1054 Broadcasting, International Regulation FRANCIS LYALL 1059 Broniowski Case MARIA PIA CARAZO 1062 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME I
Brussels Declaration (1874) KATJA GOCKE 1069 Bryan Treaties (1913—14) HANS-JURGEN SCHLOCHAUER 1071 Buraimi Oasis Dispute HAZEL FOX 1073 Burundi HARTMUT HAMANNAND ANTJEC BERGER 1075 Cabotage ELMAR M GIEMULLA 1082 Calvo Doctrine/Calvo Clause PATRICK JUILLARD 1086 Cambodia Conflicts (Kampuchea) LUCY KELLER 1093 Camp David Accords (1978) JOHN B QUIGLEY 1104 Canals MAURIZIO ARCARI 1109 Canevaro Claim Arbitration WOLFGANG BENEDEK 1113 Capital, Free Flow of MATTHIAS RUFFERT 1115 Capitulations CHRISTINE BELL 1122 Caribbean Community (CARICOM) DENNIS BYRON AND CHRISTOPHER MALCOLM 1125 Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) DENNIS BYRON AND CHRISTOPHER MALCOLM 1130 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace PETER MACALISTER-SMITH 1136 Caroline, The CHRISTOPHER GREENWOOD 1141 Casamance Conflict CARLO PANARA 1143 CONTENTS
List of Entries in Volume LI xii List of Abbreviations xvii
VOLUME I AAPL v Sri Lanka Case to Casamance Conflict
VOLUME II Case Concerning Certain Questions of Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (Djibouti v France) to Delagoa Bay Arbitration
VOLUME III Delagoa Bay Railway Arbitration to Federal States
VOLUME IV Feminism, Approach to International Law to Human Rights, Treaties, Extraterritorial Application and Effects
VOLUME V Human Rights, Treaties, Third-Party Effect to International Organizations or Institutions, Headquarters
VOLUME VI International Organizations or Institutions, History of to Martens Clause
VOLUME VII Martini Case to Ozone Layer, International Protection
VOLUME VIII Pacific Islands to San Marino
VOLUME IX Sanctions to Treaties of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation
VOLUME X Treaties, Provisional Application to Zones of Peace LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME II
Case Concerning Certain Questions of Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (Djibouti v France) JENNY GROTE 1 Cash and Carry Clause DOMINIK ZIMMERMANN 5 Cavallo Case JUAN E MENDEZ AND FRANCISCO J BARIFFI 7 Ceasefire CHRISTINE BELL 10 Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CAEMC) Louis SAVADOGO 18 Central America RAINER GROTE 22 Central American Court of Justice (1907—18) ROSA RIQUELME CORTADO 28 Central American Court of Justice (CACJ) ROBERTO VIRZO 33 Central American Integration System (SICA) ROSA RIQUELME CORTADO 37 Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) CHRISTINE FUCHS 46 Certain Criminal Proceedings in France Case (Congo v France) HEIKO SAUER . . . 49 Certain Expenses of the United Nations (Advisory Opinion) OLIVER DORR .... 53 Certain Phosphate Lands in Nauru Case (Nauru v Australia) Nico J SCHRIJVER 57 Certain Property Case (Liechtenstein v Germany) SUSANNE WASUM-RAINER . ... 61 Cession OLIVER DORR 65 Ceuta and Melilla DANIEL-ERASMUS KHAN 70 Channel Islands and Isle of Man DAVID HEYWOOD ANDERSON 78 Channel Tunnel CHRIS WHOMERSLEY 81 Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States (1974)-KRISTEN BOON 87 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2000) STEFAN KADELBACH 90 Chechnya THOMAS D GRANT 97 Chemical Weapons and Warfare THILO MARAUHN 108 Chevreau Claim Arbitration STEFANIE SCHMAHL 115 Chicago Convention (1944) LISATOMAS 117 Child Abduction PETER MCELEAVY 121 Children and Armed Conflict ROBERTA ARNOLD 128 Children, International Protection EVARIST BAIMU 138 Chilean Copper, Nationalization, Review by Courts of Third States ANDREAS F LOWENFELD 145 China BJORN AHL 148 Civil Aviation, Offences against Safety ANTHONY AUST 159 Civil Defence ROBERTA ARNOLD AND DOMINIK ZIMMERMANN 163 Civil Service, International YVES BEIGBEDER 167 Civil Society GERALD STABEROCK 175 Civilian Objects DOMINIK STEIGER 185 Civilian Participation in Armed Conflict NILS MELZER 191 Civilian Population in Armed Conflict NATALINO RONZITTI 197 Civilized Nations JAMES SLOAN 209 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME II
Claims, International FRANCISCO ORREGO VICUNA 216 Clean Development Mechanism PHILIPPE J SANDS AND ILONA MILLAR 225 Clean Hands, Principle STEPHEN M SCHWEBEL 232 Clerget v Banque commerciale pour l'Europe du Nord Case MATTHIAS HERDEGEN 235 Climate, International Protection PHILIPPE J SANDS AND ILONA MILLAR 236 Clipperton Island Arbitration TOBIAS PIERLINGS 247 Cloning, International Regulation JELENA VON ACHENBACH AND MIRIAM CLADOS 248 Cluster Munitions GABRIELLA BLUM 257 Coded Communications (Encryption) JOHANN-CHRISTOPH WOLTAG 260 Codes of Conduct JURGEN FRIEDRICH 264 Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) GERALD G SANDER 276 Codification and Progressive Development of International Law SIR ARTHUR WATTS QCf 282 Coercion CHRISTOPHER C JOYNER 296 Cold War (1947-91) EBRAHIM AFSAH 300 Collective Punishment PAUL RABBAT AND SIGRID MEHRING 311 Collective Security ERIKA DE WET AND SIR MICHAEL WOOD 316 Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) ALENA DOUHAN 322 Collisions at Sea IVAN SHEARER 327 Colombo Plan (CP) MARTIN WORTMANN 329 Colonialism JORN AXEL KAMMERER 332 Colorado River GEORGE (ROCK) PRING AND RYAN MOEHRING 341 Columbia River GEORGE (ROCK) PRING AND KIRK WHITEHEAD . . . 346 Combatants MARCO SASSOLI 350 Combatants, Unlawful KNUT DORMANN 360 Comite Juridique (COJUR) FRANK HOFFMEISTER 369 Comity JORN AXEL KAMMERER 375 Command Responsibility YORAM DINSTEIN 379 Commercial Arbitration and Mediation Center for the Americas (CAMCA) ANDREA ERNST 384 Commercial Arbitration, International RICHARD H KREINDLER AND RITA HEINEMANN 386 Commercial Contracts, UNIDROIT Principles MICHAEL JOACHIM BONELL . . . 397 Commercial Treaties MATTHIAS OESCH 406 Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) SURYA P SUBEDI 418 Committee of Legal Advisers on Public International Law (CAHDI) SIRMICHAEL WOOD 422 Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) EIBE RIEDEL 427 Commodities, International Regulation of Production and Trade MELAKU GEBOYE DESTA 435 Common but Differentiated Responsibilities ELLEN HEY 444 Common Fund for Commodities (CFC) CHRISTOPH OHLER 449 Common Heritage of Mankind RUDIGER WOLFRUM 452 Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) MAGNUS KILLANDER 458 XIV LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME II
Commonwealth CHARLOTTE STEINORTH 462 Commonwealth, Subjects and Nationality Rules LAURIE FRANSMAN 470 Community Interest ISABEL FEICHTNER 477 Comparative Law: Functions and Methods PETER DE CRUZ 487 Compensation STEPHAN WITTICH 499 Compensation for Personal Damages Suffered during World War II RAINER HOFMANN 508 Compensation Fund CHIE KOJIMA 519 Competences of the International Labour Organization (Advisory Opinion) THOMAS BRUHA 525 Compliance MICHAEL BOTHE . .' 530 Compliance, Theory of BARBARA DELCOURT 557 Compromis HUGH THIRLWAY 564 Concessions CHRISTOPH OHLER 568 Conciliation JEAN-PIERRE COT 576 Conciliation Commissions Established pursuant to Art. 83 Peace Treaty with Italy (1947) PIERRE D'ARGENT 582 Concordats SILVIO FERRARI 587 Conditionaliry CESARE PINELLI 591 Condominium and Coimperium FRED L MORRISON 598 Confederations of States FRED L MORRISON 601 Conference (Meeting) of States Parties VOLKER ROBEN 605 Conferences and Congresses, International ROBBIE SABEL 612 Conferences on the Law of the Sea SHABTAI ROSENNE AND JULIA GEBHARD . . . . 623 Confidence-Building Measures ZDZISLAW LACHOWSKI 636 Conflict Prevention JOHN S MOOLAKKATTU 643 Congo, Democratic Republic of the CHRISTIANE E PHILIPP 651 Congo River GEORGE (ROCK) PRING AND CAROLYN C WITKUS 657 Connally Reservation CARSTEN STAHN 662 Conquest MARCELO G KOHEN 665 Conscientious Objection ROSEMARY BYRNE 669 Consensus RUDIGER WOLFRUM AND JAKOB PICHON 673 Consent JUTTA BRUNNEE 679 Conservation of Natural Resources ULRICH BEYERLIN AND VANESSA HOLZER 684 Consular Functions PAWEL CZUBIK AND PIOTR SZWEDO 694 Consular Jurisdiction PAWEL CZUBIK AND PIOTR SZWEDO 699 Consular Treaties NICOLAS ANGELET 701 Consuls MICHAL KOWALSKI ., 708 Contiguous Zone HUGO CAMINOS 714 Continental Shelf PETER-TOBIAS STOLL 719 Continental Shelf Arbitration (France v United Kingdom) ALEX G OUDE ELFERINK 728 Continental Shelf Case (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya/Malta) ALEX G OUDE ELFERINK 732 Continental Shelf, Commission on the Limits of the ALEX G OUDE ELFERINK 736 Continuity of States ANDREAS ZIMMERMANN 742 Continuous Nationality JOHN DUGARD 746 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME II
Contraband CHRISTIAN SCHALLER 749 Contracts between International Organizations and Private Law Persons AUGUST REINISCH 754 Contracts between States and Foreign Private Law Persons IRMGARD MARBOE AND AUGUST REINISCH 758 Contributions INGO VENZKE 766 Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Regime TORSTEN STEIN 769 Convoy INGO VENZKE 775 Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) AHMED ABOU-EL-WAFA 777 Co-operation, International Law of RUDIGER WOLFRUM 783 Corfu Channel Case MICHAEL WAIBEL 792 Corporations in International Law PETER MUCHLINSKI 797 Corruption, Fight against KENNETH W ABBOTT 813 Costa Rica Packet Arbitration JEANNINE DIETZMANN 823 Costa v ENEL Case MEINHARD HILF 824 Cote d'lvoire ADOME BLAISE KOUASSI 829 Council of Europe (COE) JORG POLAKIEWICZ 834 Credentials JEAN SALMON 848 Crimean War (1853—56) THEODOR SCHIEDER 852 Crimes against Humanity GUIDO ACQUAVIVA AND FAUSTO POCAR 855 Criminal Jurisdiction of States under International Law ILIAS BANTEKAS 861 Critical Theory GUNTER FRANKENBERG 870 Croatia MAJA SERSIC 879 Cuba ANDREAS F LOWENFELD 886 Cuban Missile Crisis DON MUNTON AND ELIZABETH RENNIE 892 Cultural Diversity SABINE VON SCHORLEMER 897 Cultural Heritage FRANCESCO FRANCIONI 906 Cultural Life, Right to Participate in, International Protection ROGER O'KEEFE 916 Cultural Property, Protection in Armed Conflict RUDIGER WOLFRUM 924 Currency Control Ross LECKOW AND MICHAEL STRAUSS 930 Curzon Line ALFRED DE ZAYAS AND DIETER FLECK 934 Customary International Law TULLIOTREVES 937 Customs Law, International TALIA EINHORN 957 Customs Regime between Germany and Austria (Advisory Opinion) RALF ALLEWELDT 980 Customs Unions CHRISTINE KAUFMANN 982 Cyber Warfare JOHANN-CHRISTOPH WOLTAG 988 Cyprus FRANK HOFFMEISTER 995 Czechoslovakia, Dissolution of MAHULENA HOFMANN 1007 Danube River ANTON FLORIAN ZEILINGER 1012 Danzig, Free City of CHRISTIAN HATTENHAUER 1018 Dardanelles and Bosporus GLEN PLANT 1027 Data,Transboundary Flow, International Protection PETER MALANCZUK .... 1033 Dawes Plan (1924) and Young Plan (1930) DIETER FLECK 1044 De Facto Organs of a State PAOLO PALCHETTI 1048 De Facto Regime JOCHEN A FROWEIN 1052 De Facto Subjects HANS VON MANGOLDT 1055 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME II
Death Penalty MARTIN SCHEININ 1056 Debellatio MICHAEL N SCHMITT 1065 Debt Crisis CHRISTIAN WALTER 1068 Debt-for-Nature Swaps DANIEL B MAGRAW JR AND ROBERT F BLOMQUIST 1 078 Debts CHRISTOPH G PAULUS ., 1082 Declaration OLIVER DORR 1090 Decolonization RAHMATULLAH KHAN 1093 Decolonization: Belgian Territories FREYA BAETENS 1098 Decolonization: Dutch Territories JGC VAN AGGELEN 1104 Decolonization: French Territories MAKANE MOISE MBENGUE 1109 Decolonization: Portuguese Territories MATTHIAS FISCHER AND SASKIA KLATTE 1118 Decolonization: Spanish Territories PAULA MARIA VERNET 1124 Delagoa Bay Arbitration MORITZ HOLM-HADULLA 1136 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME III
Delagoa Bay Railway Arbitration GLEIDER I HERNANDEZ '. 1 Delalic Case ALEXANDER KEES 3 Demarcation Line JOCHEN VON BERNSTORFF 7 Demarche, Diplomatic JEAN SALMON 9 Demilitarization KEES KINGMA AND NICO SCHRIJVER 11 Democracy, Right to, International Protection GREGORY H Fox 15 Denaturalization and Forced Exile RAINER HOFMANN 27 Denial of Justice CARLO FOCARELLI • 36 Depositary RICHARD CADDELL 46 Deserters EBRAHIM AFSAH '. 50 Desertification ULRICH BEYERLIN 54 Desuetudo JAN WOUTERS AND STEN VERHOEVEN 60 Detention, Arbitrary OLIVER DORR 64 Developing Countries MOSHE HIRSCH 70 Development, International Law of AHMED MAHIOU 78 Development, Right to, International Protection ALHAGI MARONG 85 Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands MASAHIKO ASADA 90 Diego Garcia (British Indian Ocean Territory) EBRAHIM AFSAH 93 Diplomacy EDUARDOJARA RONCATI 97 Diplomatic Communications, Forms of PAUL BEHRENS 106 Diplomatic Courier and Bag JEAN D'ASPREMONT • 110 Diplomatic Protection JOHN DUGARD 114 Diplomatic Protocol MARTINA WOHLAN 134 Disabled People, Non-Discrimination of THERESIA DEGENER 140 Disappearances CLAUDIO M GROSSMAN 146 Disarmament BAKHTIYARTUZMUKHAMED.OV 150 Dismemberment of States ANTONELLO TANCREDI 159 Dispute regarding Navigational and Related Rights Case (Costa Rica v Nicaragua) FRANZISKA ISLIKER 163 Distress ELENA FASOLI 168 Divided States MARKKU SUKSI 172 Doctrines (Monroe, Hallstein, Brezhnev, Stimson) THOMAS D GRANT 181 Dogger Bank Incident (1904) TOBIAS H IRMSCHER 190 Doha Round EDUARDO TEMPONE AND RAUL EMILIO VINUESA 192 Dok Do/Takeshima Island MASAHIKO ASADA 203 Domaine Reserve KATJA S ZIEGLER 206 Dominican Republic SILVINA S GONZALEZ NAPOLITANO 216 Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (2004) ULYSSES MOREIRA FORMIGA 220 Double Taxation YORAM MARGALIOTH 223 Dover, Strait of DAVID HEYWOOD ANDERSON 229 Drago-Porter Convention (1907) WOLFGANG BENEDEK 234 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME III
Due Diligence TIMO KOIVUROVA 236 Dumbarton Oaks Conference (1944) BARDO FASSBENDER 247 Duty to Protect in Cases of Natural Disasters CARLO FOCARELLI 249 Earth Charter (2000) KLAUS BOSSELMANN 259 Eastern Carelia (Request for Advisory Opinion) JONI HELISKOSKI 264 Eastern Greenland Case GUDMUNDUR ALFREDSSON 267 EC-Bananas Case STEFAN GRILLER AND ERICH VRANES 269 EC-Hormones Case MICHAEL KOEBELE 278 Eco-Labelling VOLKER ROBEN 281 Ecological Protection Zones SARAH WOLF 287 Economic Coercion BARRY E CARTER 291 Economic Community of Central African States Louis SAVADOGO 294 Economic Court of the Commonwealth of Independent States ALENA DOUHAN 299 Economic Integration, Comparative Analysis ARMAND DE MESTRAL 302 Economic Organizations and Groups, International ALBERTA FABBRICOTTI 310 Economic Sanctions BARRY E CARTER 323 Economic Warfare VAUGHAN LOWE AND ANTONIOS TZANAKOPOULOS 330 Education, Right to, International Protection DOUGLAS HODGSON 339 Effectiveness HIROSHITAKI 348 Eichmann Case SANTIAGO M VILLALPANDO 353 Elbe River DIETRICH RAUSCHNING 358 Election Monitoring, International CHRISTINA BINDER AND CHRISTIAN PIPPAN 362 Elections, Right to Participate in, International Protection NIELS PETERSEN 370 Elettronica Sicula Case PETERTOMKA 377 Emblems, Internationally Protected HANS-JOACHIM HEINTZE AND DENNIS DIJKZEUL 382 Emergency, State of DAVID KRETZMER 391 Emissions Trading MEINHARD SCHRODER 400 Ems-Dollard RUDIGER WOLFRUM AND JOHANN-CHRISTOPH WOLTAG 407 Enclaves TOBIAS H IRMSCHER 411 Enclosed or Semi-Enclosed Seas BUDISLAV VUKAS 415 Endangered Species, International Protection PETER H SAND 423 Enemy Property HANS-GEORG DEDERER 430 Entente Cordiale ILONA STOELKEN-FITSCHEN 439 Environment and Human Rights ALAN BOYLE 446 Environment and Indigenous Peoples HENDRIK A STRYDOM 455 Environment, International Protection ULRICH BEYERLIN AND JENNY GROTE STOUTENBURG 461 Environment, Multilateral Agreements JUTTA BRUNNEE 484 Environment, Private Standard-Setting JURGEN FRIEDRICH 499 Environment, Protection in Armed Conflict SILJA VONEKY AND RUDIGER WOLFRUM 509 Environment, Role of Non-Governmental Organizations CHRISTINE FUCHS 519 Environmental Accidents ALAN BOYLE AND JAMES HARRISON 531 Environmental Compliance Control MALGOSIA FITZMAURICE 541 Environmental Dispute Settlement ALAN BOYLE 561 Environmental Ethics KLAUS BOSSELMANN 572 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME III
Environmental Impact Assessment ASTRID EPINEY 580 Environmentally Sound Economic Activity, International Law ELVIRA PUSHKAREVA 592 Eparses Islands ANTJE VON UNGERN-STERNBERG 597 Equality of Individuals KRISTIN HENRARD 600 Equator Principles SILVINA S GONZALEZ NAPOLITANO 615 Equitable Utilization of Shared Resources LILIAN DEL CASTILLO-LABORDE 622 Equity in International Law FRANCESCO FRANCIONI 632 Eritrea VERENA WIESNER 642 Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission NATALIE KLEIN 651 Eritrea-Yemen Arbitration TULLIO SCOVAZZI 660 ERTA Case STEFAN KADELBACH 668 Estoppel THOMAS COTTIER AND JORG PAUL MULLER 671 Estuaries ERIKFRANCKX 677 Ethnic Cleansing ROBIN GEISS 681 Ethnicity ALISON DUNDES RENTELN 697 Ethos, Ethics, and Morality in International Relations JOCHEN VON BERNSTORFF AND INGO VENZKE 709 Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) ZHENIS KEMBAYEV 718 European Administrative Law EBERHARD SCHMIDT-ASSMANN 723 European Arrest Warrant FRANK SCHORKOPF 733 European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) CHRISTIANETRUE 737 European Atomic Energy Society CHRISTIANETRUE 745 European Central Bank (ECB) JULIANE KOKOTT 747 European Citizenship ARMINVON BOGDANDYAND FELIX ARNDT 756 European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) PETER P HAANAPPEL 764 European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) REIMER VON BORRIES 767 European Commission of the Danube, Jurisdiction of the (Advisory Opinion) STEPHEN C MCCAFFREY 777 European Common Foreign and Security Policy HANSPETER NEUHOLD 782 European Common Security and Defence Policy HANSPETER NEUHOLD 792 European Community and Union, Association Agreements JURGEN BAST 802 European Community and Union, Association of Overseas Countries and Territories FREYA BAETENS 807 European Community and Union, Decision-Making and Competences on International Law Issues ROBERT SCHUTZE 814 European Community and Union Law and Domestic (Municipal) Law GIORGIO GAJA 822 European Community and Union Law and International Law ARMINVON BOGDANDYAND MAJASMRKOLJ 828 European Community and Union, Membership in International Organizations or Institutions RACHEL FRID DE VRIES 839 European Community and Union, Mixed Agreements MIRKAMOLDNER 854 European Community and Union, Party to International Agreements ROBERT SCHUTZE 860 European Community, Supplementary Agreements between Member States JURGEN BAST AND JULIA HEESEN 871 European Convention for the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes (1957) Lucius CAFLISCH 877 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME III
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (1950) JOCHEN A FROWEIN 882 European Convention on State Immunity (1972) ROGER O'KEEFE 889 European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) MARIO OETHEIMER AND GUILLEM CANO PALOMARES 894 European Economic Area (EEA) JURGEN BAST 907 European (Economic)/Community ANA MARJA GUERRA MARTINS 912 European Free Trade Association (EFTA) GUYHARPAZ 928 European Integration JHH WEILER 934 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) ISABEL ROCKER 944 European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL) RODERICK D VAN DAM AND STEPHANIE ANDRIES 947 European Passport MAYA HERTIG RANDALL 953 European Patent System JAN BUSCHE AND BERNADETTE MAKOSKI 958 European Schools CHRISTINE FUCHS 965 European Social Charter ULRICH BECKER 969 European Space Agency (ESA) MARCO PEDRAZZI 979 European Union, Court of Justice and General Court FRANCIS G JACOBS 985 European Union, Historical Evolution FRANZ C MAYER AND IMKESTANIK 1000 Europol SABINE GLESS 1009 EUTELSAT MARCO PEDRAZZI 1019 Euthanasia CARLO FOCARELLI 1022 Ex Aequo et Bono MARKUS KOTZUR 1030 Exclusive Economic Zone DOLLIVER NELSON 1035 Executive Agreements FRED L MORRISON 1052 Expropriated Religious Properties Arbitration (France, United Kingdom, Spain v Portugal) THILO RENSMANN 1056 Extradition TORSTEN STEIN 1057 Extraterritoriality MENNO T KAMMINGA 1070 Fact-Finding AGNIESZKAJACHEC-NEALE 1077 Failing States DANIELTHURER 1084 Fair and Equitable Treatment NICOLAS ANGELET 1094 Fair Trial, Right to, International Protection LOUISE DOSWALD-BECK 1104 Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas MICHAEL WAIBEL 1112 Family, Right to, International Protection Lucius CAFLISCH 1119 Faroe Islands J0RGEN ALB^EK JENSEN 1126 Fault GIUSEPPE PALMISANO 1128 Federal States WALTER RUDOLF 1136 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME IV
Feminism, Approach to International Law CHRISTINE CHINKIN 1 Final Act SIR MICHAEL WOOD 8 Final Clauses SHABTAI ROSENNE 11 Financial Assistance DOMENICO DA EMPOLI 15 Financial Institutions, International MAURIZIO RAGAZZI . 21 Fish Stocks KAARE BANGERT 29 Fisheries Agreements KAARE BANGERT 40 Fisheries Case (United Kingdom v Norway) ANJA SEIBERT-FOHR 51 Fisheries, Coastal ROBIN R CHURCHILL 53 Fisheries, Commissions and Organizations DAVID FREESTONE 56 Fisheries, High Seas DAVID FREESTONE 66 Fisheries Jurisdiction Case (Spain v Canada) JULIA PFEIL 75 Fisheries Jurisdiction Cases (United Kingdom v Iceland; Federal Republic of Germany v Iceland) PETERTOMKA 78 Fisheries, Sedentary CHIE KOJIMA 84 Fishery Zones and Limits DONALD R ROTHWELL 89 Fishing Boats ROBIN R CHURCHILL 93 Flag of Ships DORIS KONIG 98 Flags and Uniforms in War DALE STEPHENS AND TRISTAN SKOUSGAARD . 116 Flags of Convenience DORIS KONIG 118 Flags ofTruce ROBERTAARNOLD 126 Flegenheimer Claim LAHRA LIBERTI 127 Florida, The SELINE TREVISANUT 130 Flying Trader, The VANESSA HOLZER 132 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) KERSTIN MECHLEM 134 Food, Right to, International Protection KERSTIN MECHLEM 143 Force majeure SIMON HENTREI AND XIMENA SOLEY 151 Forced Labour/Slave Labour SANTIAGO M VILLALPANDO 154 Forced Population Transfer ALFRED DE ZAYAS 165 Foreign Aid Agreements PHILIPP DANN AND MICHAEL RIEGNER 175 Foreign Relations Law THOMAS GIEGERICH 178 Forests, International Protection BHARATH DESAI 190 Forum non conveniens RONALD A BRAND 198 Fourteen Points of Wilson (1918) JOACHIM SCHWIETZKE 203 Fragmentation of International Law JOOST PAUWELYN 211 Framework Agreements NELE MATZ-LUCK 220 Francophonie PAULRABBAT 224 Frankfurt Peace Treaty (1871) THEODORSCHIEDER 228 Free Cities CHRISTIAN HATTENHAUER 231 Free Ports WOLFGANG GRAF VITZTHUM 234 Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) ULYSSES MOREIRA FORMIGA 236 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME IV
Free Trade Areas MICHAEL KOBELE 239 Free Zones of Upper Savoy and Gex Case ANDREA GATTINI 246 Friendly Relations Declaration (1970) HELEN KELLER 250 Frontier Dispute Case (Benin/Niger) JEAN-PIERRE COT 260 Frontier Dispute Case (Burkina Faso/Republic of Mali) PETER TOMKA 265 Gabcfkovo-Nagymaros Case (Hungary/Slovakia) Nico J SCHRIJVER AND VID PRISLAN .'•. 270 Gacaca Courts GERD HANKEL 279 Galic Case DANIEL HEILMANN 284 Ganges River SURYA P SUBEDI 288 Gay Rights HELMUT GRAUPNER 292 Gender-Based Crimes CHRISTINE CHINKIN 305 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947 and 1994) WOLFGANG BENEDEK . . . 312 General Agreement on Trade in Services (1994) MARKUS KRAJEWSKI 323 General Comments/Recommendations NISUKE ANDO 334 General International Law (Principles, Rules, and Standards) RUDIGER WOLFRUM 344 General Participation Clause (Clausula si omnes) PHILIPPE GAUTIER 368 General Principles of Law GIORGIO GAJA 370 Genetically Modified Organisms MARKUS BOCKENFORDE 378 Geneva Conventions I-IV (1949) HANS-PETER GASSER AND DANIELTHURER 386 Geneva Conventions Additional Protocol I (1977) EMILY CRAWFORD 396 Geneva Conventions Additional Protocol II (1977) EMILY CRAWFORD 401 Genocide WILLIAM A SCHABAS . .• 405 Genocide Convention, Reservations (Advisory Opinion) WILLIAM A SCHABAS . . . . 414 Geographically Disadvantaged States GERHARD HAFNER 419 Geostationary Orbit STEPHAN HOBE 422 German Forced Labour Compensation Programme ROLAND BANK AND FRIEDERIKE FOLTZ 426 German Interests in Polish Upper Silesia Cases MATTHIAS HARTWIG AND IGNAZ SEIDL-HOHENVELDERN 435 German Minorities in Poland, Cases Concerning the GUDMUNDUR ALFREDSSON '. 440 German Minority Schools in Upper Silesia (Advisory Opinion) OLESPIERMANN 443 Germany, Occupation after World War II BERNHARD KEMPEN 444 Germany-United States Peace Treaty (1921) ERIK GOLDSTEIN 452 Gibraltar MICHAEL WAIBEL 454 Gibraltar, Strait of DONALD R ROTHWELL 463 Global Administrative Law BENEDICT KINGSBURY AND MEGAN DONALDSON 468 Global Compact RAHMATULLAH KHAN 482 Global Environment Facility (GEF) RUDOLF DOLZER 485 Globalization FREDERIC MEGRET 493 Goa, Conflict RK Dixrr 503 Good Faith (Bona fides) MARKUS KOTZUR 508 Good Governance EDITH BROWN WEISS AND AHILA SORNARAJAH 516 Good Offices RUTH LAPIDOTH 528 Goods, Free Circulation of FRIEDL WEISS AND SILKE STEINER 529 Governance, Theory of KARL-HEINZ LADEUR 541 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME IV
Governmental Activities on Foreign Territory ALEXANDER ORAKHELASHVILI 553 Governments SIEGFRIED MAGIERA 563 Governments in Exile KATRINTIROCH 570 Gran Chaco Conflict (1928-35) VICENTE MAROTTA RANGEL 575 Great Lakes, North America FRED L MORRISON 579 Great Lakes Region, Africa HARTMUT HAMANN 583 Grenada ROBERT J BECK 590 Grisbadarna Case SAID MAHMOUDI 595 Gross and Systematic Human Rights Violations LORI FISLER DAMROSCH 597 Groundwater Protection KERSTIN MECHLEM 603 Group of 77 (G77) RAHMATULLAH KHAN 609 Group of Eight (G8) INA GATZSCHMANN 613 Group Rights NICOLA WENZEL 617 Guantinamo, Detainees MARCO SASSOLI 622 Guantanamo Naval Base ALFRED DE ZAYAS 632 Guardianship of Infants Convention Case CHRISTIAN MAIERHOFER 637 Guerrilla Forces CHRISTIAN SCHALLER 639 Gulf of Maine Case DOLLIVER NELSON 644 Gut Dam Claims SAID MAHMOUDI 650 Guyana vSuriname Maritime Boundary Arbitration ALEXANDER AIZENSTATD 654 Guyana-Venezuela Border Dispute ALLAN R BREWER-CARIAS 657 Hague Academy of International Law CLEMENS FEINAUGLE 663 Hague Conference on Private International Law DIETER MARTINY 667 Hague Conventions on Private International Law and on International Civil Procedure DIETER MARTINY 677 Hague Peace Conferences (1899 and 1907) BETSY BAKER 689 Haile Selassie v Cable & Wireless Ltd Case THILO RENSMANN 698 Haiti, Conflict JULIA LEININGER 700 Hamdan Case RUSSELL A MILLER 707 Havana Charter (1948) GIORGIO SACERDOTI 718 Haya de la Torre Cases KAY HAILBRONNER AND MONIKA POHLMANN 725 Hazardous Substances, Transboundary Impacts ANNE DANIEL 729 Hazardous Wastes, Transboundary Impacts ANNE DANIEL 735 Heads of Diplomatic Missions NICOLAS ANGELET 750 Heads of Governments and Other Senior Officials SIR ARTHUR WATTS QCf AND JOANNE FOAKES 754 Heads of State SIR ARTHUR WATTS QC AND JOANNE FOAKES 758 Health, Right to, International Protection EIBE RIEDEL 764 Hegemony DANIEL THURER 776 Heleanna Incident STEFAN OETER 781 Heligoland CHRISTIAN HATTENHAUER 783 Helsinki Final Act (1975) SIR MICHAEL WOOD AND DANIEL PURISCH 787 Hereros MANFRED O HINZ 792 High Seas TULLIOTREVES 795 High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change HANSPETER NEUHOLD 804 Hijacking CHIE KOJIMA 810 Historic Titles ANDREA GIOIA 814 History of International Law, 1648 to 1815 STEPHAN VEROSTA 823 History of International Law, 1815 to World War I HANS-ULRICH SCUPIN 843 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME IV
History of International Law, Ancient Times to 1648 WOLFGANG PREISER 869 History of International Law, Basic Questions and Principles WOLFGANG PREISER 896 History of International Law, since World War II MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI 902 History of International Law, World War I to World War II MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI 925 Holy Alliance (1815) 'DIANA ZACHARIAS 934 Holy Places HERIBERT FRANZ KOECK 938 Holy Roman Empire DIANA ZACHARIAS 947 Holy See GERD WESTDICKENBERG 953 Hong Kong PETER MALANCZUK 958 Honorary Consuls ANDREA ERNST 980 Hospital Ships FABIANA DE OLIVEIRA GODINHO 983 Host State Agreements JOCHEN HERBST 989 Hostages MATTHIAS FURACKER 994 Hot Pursuit HUGO CAMINOS 1000 Housing, Right to, International Protection CHARLES MAJINGE 1003 Hovering Acts BILLGILMORE 1010 Human Dignity, International Protection NIELS PETERSEN 1013 Human Rights THOMAS BUERGENTHAL 1021 Human Rights, Activities of International Organizations ECKART KLEIN 1031 Human Rights and Humanitarian Law ROBERT KOLB 1040 Human Rights Commission of the Arab States MERVAT RISHMAWI 1053 Human Rights Committee CHRISTIANTOMUSCHAT 1058 Human Rights, Domestic Implementation GERALD STABEROCK 1068 Human Rights Education WOLFGANG BENEDEK .'. 1080 Human Rights, Individual Communications/Complaints DINAH SHELTON 1086 Human Rights, Remedies DINAH SHELTON 1097 Human Rights, Role of Non-Governmental Organizations STEPHAN HOBE ..... 1104 Human Rights, State Complaints GEIR ULFSTEIN 1116 Human Rights, State Reports DAVID KRETZMER 1121 Human Rights, Treaties, Extratertitorial Application and Effects NICOLA WENZEL 1131 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME V
Human Rights, Treaties, Third-Party Effect EIRIK BJORGE 1 Human Rights, Treaty Bodies PETER-TOBIAS STOLL 5 Human Rights, United Nations High Commissioner for (UNHCHR) INEKE BOEREFIJN 14 Human Shields VERA RUSINOVA 19 Human Trafficking JOHN CERONE 25 Humanitarian Assistance, Access in Armed Conflict and Occupation HEIKE SPIEKER 31 Humanitarian Assistance in Cases of Emergency BUDISLAV VUKAS 39 Humanitarian Intervention VAUGHAN LOWE AND ANTONIOS TZANAKOPOULOS 47 Humanitarian Law, International HANS-PETER GASSER AND DANIEL THURER 59 Humanity, Principle of GEOFFREY S CORN 72 Ilascu Case NICOLA WENZEL 75 I'm Alone, The HUGO CAMINOS 82 Immigration DAVID WEISSBRODT 84 Immunities, Special Missions NADIA KALB 94 Immunity, Diplomatic ROSANNE VAN ALEBEEK 98 Implementation Agreements CHIE KOJIMAAND VLADLEN S VERESHCHETIN 110 Indigenous Peoples BENEDICT KINGSBURY 116 Indigenous Peoples, Treaties with GUDMUNDURALFREDSSON 133 Indiscriminate Attack CHRISTINE BELL AND JULIA PFEIFFER 137 Individual Criminal Responsibility ANDREAS O'SHEA 141 Individuals in International Law SIMONE GORSKI 147 Indus River SURYA P SUBEDI • 157 Industrial Property, International Protection THOMAS COTTIER 160 Information and Communication, Freedom of PETER MALANCZUK 184 INMARSAT FRANCIS LYALL 205 Innocent Passage KARI HAKAPAA 209 Institut de Droit international PETER MACALISTER-SMITH 219 Insurgency EMILY CRAWFORD 225 Intellectual Property, International Protection FREDERICK M ABBOTT 228 INTELSAT FRANCIS LYALL 243 Inter-American Commercial Arbitration Commission (IACAC) SANTIAGO MONTT 249 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACommHR) CLAUDIO M GROSSMAN 251 Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) GERALD L NEUMAN 261 Inter-American Juridical Committee FERNANDA MILLICAY 270 Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance of Rio de Janeiro (1947) JEAN-MICHEL ARRIGHI 276 Interdependence* AHMED MAHIOU 281 Intergenerational Equity EDITH BROWN WEISS 287 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME V Xlll
Interhandel Case CHRISTIAN J TAMS 295 Interim (Provisional) Measures of Protection RUDIGER WOLFRUM 298 Internal Waters KAARE BANGERT 310 International Administration of Territories MARKUS BENZING 316 International Administrative Unions RUDIGER WOLFRUM 335 International Air Transport Association (IATA) PETER PC HAANAPPEL 344 International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) ROBERTO VIRZO 348 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) JOHAN RAUTENBACH 349 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) SABINE SCHLEMMER-SCHULTE 363 International Bar Association (IBA) FRANCIS NEATE 393 International Bureau of Education (IBE) DOUGLAS HODGSON 396 International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) STEFANIE SCHMAHL 398 International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) CHRISTOPH SCHREUER > 399 International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) DIETER MARTINY 408 International Children's Centre (ICC) VANESSA HOLZER 412 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) PMJ MENDES DE LEON 413 International Civil Aviation Organization, Jurisdiction of, Case KAY HAILBRONNER AND ISABEL ROCKER 417 International Civil Defence Organisation (ICDO) CHRISTIAN SCHALLER 421 International Civil Litigation BURKHARD HESS 422 International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG) ALEXANDER AIZENSTATD 433 International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) ROBERT KOGOD GOLDMAN. 436 International Commission of the Oder, Jurisdiction of, Case STEPHEN C MCCAFFREY 439 International Commission on Civil Status (ICCS) MARTIN GEBAUER 442 International Committee of Military Medicine (ICMM) CHRISTIAN SCHALLER. . . . 444 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) HANS-PETER GASSER 445 International Congress of Women (1915) FREYA BAETENS 455 International Court of Justice (ICJ) SHABTAI ROSENNE 459 International Court of Justice, Optional Clause MALGOSLA FITZMAURICE 487 International Court of Justice, Rules and Practice Directions ABDUL G KOROMA 492 International Courts and Tribunals CHRISTIAN TOMUSCHAT 499 International Courts and Tribunals, Agents, Counsel and Advocates EDUARDO VALENCIA-OSPINA 515 International Courts and Tribunals, Amicus Curiae PHILIPPE J SANDS AND RUTH MACKENZIE 519 International Courts and Tribunals, Appeals KARIN OELLERS-FRAHM 527 International Courts and Tribunals, Chambers RUTH MACKENZIE 537 International Courts and Tribunals, Discontinuance of Cases SIR MICHAEL WOOD 547 International Courts and Tribunals, Evidence RUDIGER WOLFRUM 552 International Courts and Tribunals, Intervention in Proceedings ANDREAS ZIMMERMANN 570 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME V
International Courts and Tribunals, Judges and Arbitrators KARIN OELLERS-FRAHM 576 International Courts and Tribunals, Jurisdiction and Admissibility of Inter-State Applications SHABTAI ROSENNE 587 International Courts and Tribunals, Multiple Jurisdiction AUGUST REINISCH 598 International Courts and Tribunals, Non-Appearance MATTHIAS GOLDMANN 606 International Courts and Tribunals, Procedure JEAN-MARC SOREL 613 International Courts and Tribunals, Rules and Practice Directions (ECJ, GC, ECtHR, IACtHR, ICSID, ITLOS, WTO Panels and Appellate Body) MANDANA KNUST RASSEKH AFSHAR 621 International Courts and Tribunals, Standing ANGELA DEL VECCHIO 627 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) CHRISTIAN TOMUSCHAT . . . 639 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) EIBE RIEDEL 650 International Criminal Court (ICC) HANS-PETER KAUL 667 International Criminal Courts and Tribunals, Complementarity and Jurisdiction MORTEN BERGSMO AND PHILIPPAWEBB 688 International Criminal Courts and Tribunals, Defences YORAM DINSTEIN 696 International Criminal Courts and Tribunals, Procedure WOLFGANG SCHOMBURG AND JAN CHRISTOPH NEMITZ 702 International Criminal Jurisdiction, Protective Principle IAIN CAMERON 712 International Criminal Law CLAUS KREK 717 International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda FAUSTO POCAR 732 International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) FAUSTO POCAR 746 International Development Association (IDA) LEONIEGUDER 768 International Economic Law MATTHIAS HERDEGEN 777 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies SIGRID MEHRING 790 International Finance Corporation (IFC) SHEETALASRANI AND PHILIPP DANN 793 International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) PHILIPP DANN 796 International (Humanitarian) Fact-Finding Commission HEIKE SPIEKER 799 International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) PETER EHLERS 807 International Labour Organization (ILO) HEIKOSAUER 810 International Law RUDIGER WOLFRUM 820 International Law and Domestic (Municipal) Law PIERRE-MARIE DUPUY 836 International Law and Domestic (Municipal) Law, Law and Decisions of International Organizations and Courts JORG POLAKIEWICZ 862 International Law Association (ILA) TORSTEN STEIN 872 International Law Commission (ILC) PEMMARAJU SREENIVASA RAO 875 International Law, Development through International Organizations: Policies and Practice VOLKER ROBEN 889 International Law, Regional Developments: Africa THOMAS A MENSAH 896 International Law, Regional Developments: East Asia SHOTARO HAMAMOTO 907 International Law, Regional Developments: Islam MOHAMMAD FADEL 926 International Law, Regional Developments: Latin America VICENTE MAROTTA RANGEL 940 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME V XV
International Law, Regional Developments: South and South-East Asia DIANE A DESIERTO . . . 954 International Legal Theory and Doctrine MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI 976 International Legislation JUTTA BRUNNEE 986 International Maritime Organization (IMO) THOMAS A MENSAH 1001 International Military Forces MARTEN ZWANENBURG 1009 International Military Tribunals JOHANNES FUCHS AND FLAVIA LATTANZI 1016 International Monetary Fund (IMF) SABINE SCHLEMMER-SCHULTE 1037 International Monetary Fund, Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) SABINE SCHLEMMER-SCHULTE 1063 International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds THOMAS A MENSAH 1076 International Organization for Migration (IOM) JURGEN BAST 1083 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) GERALD G SANDER 1086 International Organizations or Institutions, Decision-Making Bodies NIELS M BLOKKER 1092 International Organizations or Institutions, Decision-Making Process PIERRE KLEIN 1098 International Organizations or Institutions, Democratic Legitimacy MARKUS KRAJEWSKI 1102 International Organizations or Institutions, External Relations and Co-operation THILO RENSMANN 1108 International Organizations ot Institutions, Financing of HENRY G ScHERMERS AND NlELS M BLOKKER 1117 International Organizations or Institutions, General Aspects KlRSTEN SCHMALENBACH 1 126 International Organizations or Institutions, Headquarters JOCHEN HERBST 1153 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME VI
International Organizations or Institutions, History of ROBERT KOLB 1 International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities befote National Courts CHANAKA WICKREMASINGHE 10 International Organizations or Institutions, Implied Powers NIELS M BLOKKER .... 18 International Organizations or Institutions, Internal Law and Rules PIERRE KLEIN . . 27 International Organizations or Institutions, Legal Remedies against Acts of Organs KIRSTEN SCHMALENBACH 31 International Organizations or Institutions, Membership HENRY G SCHERMERS AND NIELS M BLOKKER 37 International Organizations or Institutions, Observer Status THILO RENSMANN .... 43 International Organizations or Institutions, Privileges and Immunities MIRKAMOLDNER 47 International Organizations or Institutions, Regional Groups MATHIAS FORTEAU ... 55 International Organizations or Institutions, Responsibility and Liability MATTHIAS HARTWIG 64 International Organizations or Institutions, Secondary Law MARKUS BENZING 74 International Organizations or Institutions, Secretariats NIELS M BLOKKER 84 International Organizations or Institutions, Succession KIRSTEN SCHMALENBACH ... 89 International Organizations or Institutions, Supervision and Sanctions KIRSTEN SCHMALENBACH 95 International Organizations or Institutions, Voting Rules and Procedures HENRY G SCHERMERSI AND NIELS M BLOKKER . . . 103 International Prize Court (IPC) NATALINO RONZITTI 109 International Public Order JULIANE KOKOTT AND FRANK HOFFMEISTER 113 International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement HANS CHRISTIAN WILMS. ... 123 International Refugee Organization (IRO) GORAN MELANDER 125 International Relations, Principal Theories ANNE-MARIE SLAUGHTER 129 International Schools and Universities DOUGLAS HODGSON 133 International Seabed Area WOLFGANG GRAF VITZTHUM 137 International Seabed Authority (ISA) SIR MICHAEL WOOD 146 International Sports Law JAMES AR NAFZIGER 156 International Telecommunication Union (ITU) DIETRICH WESTPHAL 166 The International Tin Council (ITC) MATTHIAS HARTWIG 176 International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO (ITC) ALBERTA FABBRICOTTI 183 International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea PATIBANDLA CHANDRASEKHARA RAO . . . 188 International Union of Lawyers (UIA) DOROTALOST-SIEMINSKA 200 International Watercourses STEPHEN C MCCAFFREY 201 International Watercourses, Environmental Protection STEPHEN C MCCAFFREY . . . 206 Internationale Handelsgesellschaft Case TORSTEN STEIN 218 Internationalization RUDIGER WOLFRUM AND JAKOB PICHON 221 Internet JOHANN-CHRISTOPH WOLTAG 227 Internment MARCO SASSOLI 238 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME VI Xlll
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) FELIX ARNDT 248 Interpol SABINE GLESS 252 Interpretation in International Law MATTHIAS HERDEGEN 260 Intertanko Case STEFAN LORENZMEIER 273 Intertemporal Law MARKUS KOTZUR 278 Intervention by Invitation GEORG NOLTE 282 Intervention, Prohibition of PHILIP KUNIG 289 Investment Codes MARKUS BURGSTALLER AND MICHAEL WAIBEL 300 Investment Disputes CHRISTOPH SCHREUER 309 Investments, Bilateral Treaties MARC JACOB 317 Investments, International Protection CHRISTOPH SCHREUER 328 Iran-United States Claims Tribunal CHRISTOPHER PINTO 345 Iraq, Invasion of (2003) WOLFF HEINTSCHEL VON HEINEGG 360 Iraq, No-Fly Zones SIR MICHAEL WOOD 368 Iraqi Special Tribunal MICHAEL A NEWTON 371 Iraq-Kuwait War (1990-91) MICHAEL N SCHMITT 376 Irredentism FRANCESCO PALERMO 385 Islamic Approach to International Law SAID MAHMOUDI 387 Islands HARITINI DIPLA 405 Islands, New HARITINI DIPLA 414 Israel, Occupied Territories BENJAMIN RUBIN 416 Israeli Wall Advisory Opinion (Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory) SIR ARTHUR WATTS QC* 434 Ius Cogens JOCHEN A FROWEIN 443 Jan Mayen GEIR ULFSTEIN 446 Jay Treaty (1794) KATJA S ZIEGLER 449 Jerusalem RUTH LAPIDOTH : 452 Joint Exploitation Areas DAVID M ONG 463 Joint Implementation MEINHARD SCHRODER 471 Joint Inspection Unit (JIU) WOLFGANG MUNCH 477 Joint Undertakings SHOTARO HAMAMOTO 483 Jordan River GEORGE (ROCK) PRING AND DONALD E FRICK 489 Judgments of International Courts and Tribunals HUGHTHIRLWAY 493 Judgments of International Courts and Tribunals, Interpretation of KARIN OELLERS-FRAHM 504 Judgments of International Courts and Tribunals, Revision of KARIN OELLERS-FRAHM 510 Judgments of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization (Advisory Opinion) THOMAS BRUHA 517 Judicial and Arbitral Decisions, Validity and Nullity KARIN OELLERS-FRAHM 520 Judicial Settlement of International Disputes ALAIN PELLET 526 Jurisdiction of States BERNARD H OXMAN 546 Kadi Case CLEMENS FEINAUGLE 557 Kashmir TILMANNJ RODER 563 Kasikili/Sedudu Island Case (Botswana/Namibia) CHRISTIAN MAIERHOFER 572 Kehler Hafen Case IRENE COUZIGOU 575 Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) RANDALL LESAFFER 579 Kiel Canal RAINER LAGONI 584 Kimberley Process DANIEL HEILMANN 589 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME VI
Korean Air Lines Incident (1983) SUZETTE V SUAREZ 594 Korean War (1950-53) DANA CONSTANTIN 597 Kosovo (Advisory Opinion) RALPH WILDE. . : 604 Kronprins Gustaf Adolf and Pacific Arbitration SAID MAHMOUDI 609 Krstic Case GIULIA BIGI 612 Kuril Islands YAKOV ZINBERG 615 La Bretagne, Arbitral Award IRENE COUZIGOU 619 La Plata Basin LILIAN DEL CASTILLO-LABORDE 621 Lac Lanoux Arbitration ASTRID EPINEY 626 LaGrand Case (Germany v United States of America) PIERRE-MARIE DUPUY AND CRISTINA HOSS 629 Lake Chad STEFAN LORENZMEIER 637 Lake Constance JOCHEN A FROWEIN 642 Lake Geneva CATHERINE FERRIER 645 Lake Victoria DANIEL-ERASMUS KHAN 647 Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria Case (Cameroon v Nigeria) DANIEL-ERASMUS KHAN 653 Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute Case (El Salvador/Honduras: Nicaragua Intervening) CHRISTIANE E PHILIPP 664 Land Mines KNUT DORMANN 670 Land Warfare ROBIN GEI(5 678 Land-Locked States GERHARD HAFNER 690 Laos BIJAN TAVAKOLI 694 Latin American and Caribbean Economic System (SELA) SANTIAGO MONTT 697 Latin American Integration Association (ALADI) SANTIAGO MONTT 699 Lausanne Peace Treaty (1923) DOMINIK ZIMMERMANN 704 Law of the Sea TULLIOTREVES 708 Law of the Sea, History of ANDREE KIRCHNER 732 Law of the Sea, Settlement of Disputes PATIBANDLA CHANDRASEKHARA RAO 738 League of Arab States (LAS) MERVATRISHMAWI AND MARINA COMANDULLI 747 League of Nations CHRISTIAN J TAMS .• 760 Legal Advisers SIR MICHAEL WOOD 772 Legal Advisers in Armed Forces ANTJE C BERGER 779 Legal Positivism FRAUKE LACHENMANN 785 Legal Process School MARY ELLEN O'CONNELL 797 Legal Realism School STEVEN RRATNER 801 Legitimacy in International Law RUDIGER WOLFRUM 808 Lena Goldfields Arbitration ANDREA ERNST 814 Letelier and Moffitt Claim STEFANIE SCHMAHL 819 Lex mercatoria STEPHAN WSCHILL 823 Liability for Environmental Damage ALENA DOUHAN 830 Liability for Lawful Acts ATTILATANZI 837 Liberia VERENA WIESNER 845 Liberty, Right to, International Protection NIELS PETERSEN 856 Liechtenstein LUCY KELLER 862 Life, Right to, International Protection NIELS PETERSEN 865 Lighthouses and Lightships ROBERTO VIRZO 873 Like Products WON-MOG CHOI AND FREYA BAETENS 876 Liner Conferences SERGIO M CARBONE 886 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME VI XV
Lisbon Treaty CHRISTIAN TOMUSCHAT 889 Local Remedies, Exhaustion of JAMES R CRAWFORD AND THOMAS D GRANT 895 Locarno Treaties (1925) JULIAN LINDLEY-FRENCH 905 Lockerbie Cases (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v United Kingdom and United States of America) ANDREAS L PAULUS AND ANNE DIENELT 910 Lockerbie Trial JOHN P GRANT 917 Loizidou Case ULRIKE DEUTSCH 926 London Agreement on German External Debts (1953) MARC JACOB 932 London Naval Conference (1908-1909) DIETER FLECK 942 Lotus, The ARMIN VON BOGDANDY AND MARKUS RAU 946 Lump Sum Agreements ROLAND BANK AND FRIEDERIKE FOLTZ 950 Lusitania, The KARINTRAUNMULLER 956 Macau DIETER KUGELMANN 961 Macedonia SIR MICHAEL WOOD 965 Maffezini v Spain Case AUGUST REINISCH 973 Malacca, Straits of J ASHLEY ROACH 979 Malta, Order of FRANCESCO GAZZONI 984 Mandates RUTH GORDON 989 Manuals on the Law of Armed Conflict EARLE A PARTINGTON 1004 Marckx Case CORDULA DROGE 1010 Margin of Appreciation JEAN-PIERRE COT 1012 Marine Environment, International Protection DORIS KONIG 1018 Marine Mammals ALEXANDER PROELSS 1036 Marine Pollution from Ships, Prevention of and Responses to THOMAS A MENSAH 1044 Marine Protected Areas SARAH WOLF 1056 Marine Scientific Research TULLIO TREVES 1063 Maritime Boundary between Guinea and Guinea-Bissau Arbitration (Guinea v Guinea-Bissau) TULLIO SCOVAZZI 1069 Maritime Boundary between Guinea-Bissau and Senegal Arbitration and Case (Guinea-Bissau v Senegal) TULLIO SCOVAZZI 1075 Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v Bahrain) MAURICE MENDELSON QC 1081 Maritime Delimitation between Greenland and Jan Mayen Case (Denmark v Norway) GEIRULFSTEIN 1085 Maritime Delimitation between Nicaragua and Honduras in the Caribbean Sea Case (Nicaragua v Honduras) LOUISE ANGELIQUE DE LA FAYETTE 1091 Maritime Delimitation Cases before International Courts and Tribunals TULLIO SCOVAZZI 1102 Maritime Jurisdiction DOLLIVER NELSON 1116 Maritime Safety Regulations THOMAS A MENSAH 1128 Marriages Performed by Diplomatic and Consular Agents PAULBEHRENS 1135 Marshall Plan (European Recovery Program) ALFRED DE ZAYAS 1139 Martens Clause JOCHEN VON BERNSTORFF 1143 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME VII
Martini Case WOLFGANG WEISS 1 Marxism BHUPINDERCHIMNI 4 Mass Claims HOWARD M HOLTZMANN 12 Mass Media, Influence on International Relations ACHILLES SKORDAS 16 Mavrommatis Concessions Cases ROBERT UERPMANN-WITTZACK 28 Mayagna (Sumo) Awas Tingni Community v Nicaragua Case CLAUDIO M GROSSMAN 32 McCann Case IAIN CAMERON 37 Medellin v Texas Case JOHN HENRY DINGFELDER STONE 41 Mediation FRANCISCO ORREGO VICUNA 45 Medical Transportation HEIKE SPIEKER 52 Mediterranean Sea IRINI PAPANICOLOPULU 61 Mekong River ELISA MORGERA 70 Members of the Staff of Diplomatic Missions JEAN SALMON 75 Memel Territory Statute, Interpretation of, Case MARCELO G KOHEN 87 Mercenaries HOLGER P HESTERMEYER 89 Merchant Ships RAINER LAGONI 98 MERCOSUR JAN PETER SCHMIDT '. . 110 MERCOSUR, Permanent Appeals Court MARIANNE KLUMPP 117 Methodology of International Law MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI 124 Meuse, Diversion of Water Case (Netherlands v Belgium) SANDER MEIJERINK .... 130 Micro States THOMAS D GRANT 133 Migrant Workers RYSZARD CHOLEWINSKI 139 Migration DIETER KUGELMANN 149 Migratory Species, International Protection ALEXANDER PROELSS 160 Military I (Bagosora and Others) Case DOMINIKA SVARC 170 Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua Case (Nicaragua v United States of America) JAMES R CRAWFORD 173 Military Forces Abroad THOMAS DESCH 183 Military Government MAIKE KUHN 193 Military Necessity YORAM DINSTEIN 201 Military Objectives MARCO SASSOLI 207 Military Reconnaissance DALE STEPHENS AND TRISTAN SKOUSGAARD 217 Military Tribunals MICHAEL GIBSON 220 Militias JULIA GEBHARD 227 Milosevic Trial GIDEON BOAS 230 Minimum Standards HOLLIN DICKERSON 235 Minorities, European Protection RAINER HOFMANN 240 Minorities, International Protection KRISTIN HENRARD 253 Minority Protection System between World War I and World War II ANNA MEIJKNECHT ., 270 Minquiers andEcrehos Case VAUGHAN LOWE AND ANTONIOSTZANAKOPOULOS 277 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME VII
Missile Warfare BRUNO DEMEYERE 280 Missing and Dead Persons THEO BOUTRUCHE 287 Missionaries DIANA ZACHARIAS 292 Mixed Claims Commissions RUDOLF DOLZER 295 Mixed Commissions LAURENCE BOISSON DE CHAZOURNES AND DANIO CAMPANELLI 301 Mixed Courts, Other (National Courts with International Participation) INGO WINKELMANN 305 Mixed Criminal Tribunals CESARE PR ROMANO . . . 312 Modus Vivendi WOJCIECH BUREK 325 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939) DOMINIK ZIMMERMANN 326 Monaco GUIDO GUIDI 329 Monetary Gold Arbitration and Case ANDREW J GROTTO 333 Monetary Law, European MADS ANDENAS 336 Monetary Law, International ANDREAS F LOWENFELD 342 Monetary Unions and Monetary Zones LEONIE GUDER 360 Montenegro HELMUTTUERK 367 Moon and Celestial Bodies MAHULENA HOFMANN 373 Moratorium SHEETALASRANI AND PHILIPP DANN 378 Moselle River ANDREA HAMANN AND HELENE RUIZ FABRI 380 Most-Favoured-Nation Clause MEINHARD HILF AND ROBIN GEI|3 384 Movement, Freedom of, International Protection ECKART KLEIN 395 MOX Plant Arbitration and Cases ROBIN R CHURCHILL 403 Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) STEPHAN WSCHILL 410 Multiple Nationality PETER J SPIRO 416 Mundat Forest SIGISMUND BUERSTEDDE 421 Munich Agreement (1938) FRANK SCHORKOPF 423 Muscat Dhows, The DOLLIVER NELSON 426 Mutual Legal Assistance in Administrative Matters HELMUT DAMIAN 429 Mutual Legal Assistance in Civil and Commercial Matters DIETER MARTINY 439 Nagorny-Karabakh ANDRIY Y MELNYK 451 Nahimana and Others Case IGNACIO TREDICI 456 Namibia NELE MATZ-LUCK 460 Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances DANIEL HEILMANN 473 National Socialism and International Law DETLEVVAGTS 483 National Treatment, Principle RAUL EMILIO VINUESA 486 Nationality OLIVER DORR 496 Nationality Cases before International Courts and Tribunals SELINE TREVISANUT 510 Nations ARMINVON BOGDANDY AND STEFAN HAU(3LER 517 Natural Law and Justice ALEXANDER ORAKHELASHVILI 523 Natural Resources, Permanent Sovereignty over NicoJ SCHRIJVER 535 Nature, International Protection KERSTIN ODENDAHL 544 Naulilaa Arbitration (Portugal v Germany) JULIA PFEIL 550 Naval Demonstrations and Manoeuvres DALE STEPHENS AND TRISTAN SKOUSGAARD 553 Naval Warfare NATALINO RONZITTI 557 Navigation, Freedom of ALBERT HOFFMANN 568 Ne bis in idem ROBIN GEI|3 575 XIV LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME VII
Necessity, State of ATTILATANZI 583 Negotiation KARI HAKAPAA 588 Negotiations, Secret ALBERTO L DAVEREDE 595 Neighbour States LAURENCE BOISSON DE CHAZOURNES AND DANIO CAMPANELLI 600 Nepal SURYA P SUBEDI 606 Neuilly Peace Treaty (1919) NIKOLAS STURCHLER 612 Neuilly Peace Treaty Cases NIKOLAS STURCHLER 613 Neutral Nationals OVE BRING 615 Neutrality, Concept and General Rules MICHAEL BOTHE v 617 Neutrality in Air Warfare PETER HOSTETTLER AND OLIVIA DANAI 634 Neutrality in Land Warfare PETER HOSTETTLER AND OLIVIA DANAI 638 Neutrality in Naval Warfare J ASHLEY ROACH 643 Neutralization EBRAHIM AFSAH 648 Neutrals, Disarming and Internment of Belligerents PETER HOSTETTLER 652 New Hebrides (Vanuatu) SUE FARRAN 654 New International Economic Order (NIEO) GIORGIO SACERDOTI 659 New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) ALHAGI MARONG 668 New States and International Law RAM P ANAND 672 Niger River SALMAN MA SALMAN 677 Nile River OMAIA ELWAN 681 Non Liquet DANIEL BODANSKY 697 Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) MOHAMED BENNOUNA 700 Non-Binding Agreements PHILIPPE GAUTIER 706 Non-Defended Towns JEAN-MARIE HENCKAERTS 712 Non-Governmental Organizations STEPHAN HOBE 716 Non-ProliferationTreaty (1968) ANDREWJ GROTTO 725 Non-Recognition JOCHEN A FROWEIN 739 Non-State Actors MARKUS WAGNER 741 Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade JORG PHILIPP TERHECHTE 750 Nordic Co-operation IAIN CAMERON 759 North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (1993) DAVID L MARKELL 768 North American Agreement on Labor Co-operation (1993) ARMAND DE MESTRAL 773 North American Free Trade Agreement (1992) FREDERICK M ABBOTT 776 North American Free Trade Agreement, Case-Law FREDERICK M ABBOTT 782 North American Free Trade Agreement, Dispute Settlement FREDERICK M ABBOTT 788 North Atlantic Treaty Organization THILO MARAUHN 793 North Sea Continental Shelf Cases ALEX G OUDE ELFERINK 808 Northern Cameroons Case CLEMENS FEINAUGLE 813 Northern Ireland RAINER GROTE 816 Northwest Passage (Canadian-American Controversy) GUNTHER HANDL 829 Norwegian Loans Case JOCHEN HERBST 834 Norwegian Shipowners'Claims Arbitration ROBERT UERPMANN-WITTZACK 836 Nottebohm Case OLIVER DORR 839 Nuclear Energy, Peaceful Uses VITALY FEDCHENKO 843 Nuclear Powered Ships KAZUHIRO NAKATANI 850 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME VII
NuclearTests Cases SIR ARTHUR WATTS QO 855 Nuclear Waste Disposal BABETTE SIEVERS 860 Nuclear Weapons Advisory Opinions MICHAEL BOTHE 867 Nuclear Weapons and Warfare STEFAN KADELBACH 872 Nullapoena nullum crimen sine lege CLAUS KRE|3 889 Nullity in International Law MICHAEL REISMAN AND DIRK PULKOWSKI 899 Nyon Agreement (1937) PHILIP KUNIG AND JOHANNES VAN AGGELEN 909 Objective Regime CARLOS FERNANDEZ DE CASADEVANTE ROMANI 912 Obligations erga omnes JOCHEN A FROWEIN 916 Occupation, Belligerent EYAL BENVENISTI 920 Occupation, Military, Termination of ADAM ROBERTS 929 Occupation, Pacific EYAL BENVENISTI 941 Oder-Neisse Line TONO EITEL 944 Oil Concession Disputes, Arbitration on ANDRE VON WALTER 948 Oil for Food Programme LUTZ OETTE 960 Oil Platforms Case MICHAEL BOTHE 965 Okavango River GEORGE (ROCK) PRING AND BRITTA L STROTHER 968 Ombudsperson ALBERTA FABBRICOTTI 973 Opinion 1/94 JONI HELISKOSKI 978 Opinion and Expression, Freedom of, International Protection NICOLA WENZEL 982 Option of Nationality YAEL RONEN . - 995 Optional Provision EILEEN FUCHS 1000 Orange River GEORGE (ROCK) PRING AND MATTHEW SABOSEDRA 1003 Ordre Public (Public Policy) MARTIN GEBAUER 1008 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) NICOLA BONUCCI AND GITA KOTHARI 1013 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, International Energy Agency (IEA) CHRISTIANETRUE 1028 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Nuclear Energy Agency CHRISTIANETRUE 1036 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) ULRICH FASTENRATH AND KATJA WEIGELT 1040 Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Court of Conciliation and Arbitration HELMUT STEINBERGER 1055 Organization of American States (OAS) JEAN-MICHEL ARRIGHI 1059 Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) DEREK O'BRIEN 1072 Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) SAID MAHMOUDI 1076 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) LISA Moos 1088 Oscar Chinn Case CHRISTIAN JTAMS 1096 Ottoman Debt Arbitration MORITZ HOLM-HADULLA 1098 Outer Space VLADLEN S VERESHCHETIN 1103 Outer Space, Liability for Damage MARCO PEDRAZZI 1109 Overflight JAN WOUTERS AND BRUNO DEMEYERE 1115 Overseas Territories, Australia, France, Netherlands, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States of America GREGOR NOVAK 1122 Ozone Layer, International Protection K MADHAVA SARMA, STEPHEN O ANDERSEN, DURWOOD ZAELKE, KRISTEN N TADDONIO 1139 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME VIII
Pacific Islands JON M VAN DYKE 1 Pacific Islands Forum HENNING BLATT 5 Pacifism ANKE BIEHLER . .5, 11 Pacta Sunt Servanda ANTHONY AUST 15 Pactum de Contrahendo, Pactum de Nevotiando HISASHI OWADA 18 o Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) ANIS F KASSIM 27 Palmas Island Arbitration KATHARINAHAUSLERAND JANEAHOFBAUER 34 Panama Canal MAURIZIO ARCARI 36 Panevezys-Saldutiskis Railway Case EIBE RIEDEL 48 Paracel Archipelago MICHAEL STRUPP 50 Parana River GEORGE (ROCK) PRING AND HAYLEY SHELTON 54 Paria, Gulf of ANDREA GIOIA 59 Paris, Declaration of (1856) ROMUALD RHAULE 61 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (2005)/Accra Agenda for Action (2008) PHILIPP DANN AND LEONIE VIERCK 64 Paris Peace Treaty (1856) THEODORSCHIEDER 66 Parliamentary Assemblies, International FELIX ARNDT 69 Passage through the Great Belt Case (Finland v Denmark) MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI 86 Passports CORNELIA HAGEDORN 91 Peace Settlements after World War II FELIX ARNDT 99 Peace Treaties JANN K KLEFFNER • 104 Peace Treaties (1947) ELLINOR VON PUTTKAMER Ill Peace Treaties after World War I RANDALL LESAFFER AND MlEKE VAN DER LlNDEN 118 Peace Treaties with Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania, Interpretation of (Advisory Opinions) ANDRASJAKAB 128 Peace Treaty with Japan (1951) MIKAHAYASHI 131 Peace, Breach of SIR MICHAEL WOOD 136 Peace, Proposals for the Preservation of ACHILLES SKORDAS 138 Peace, Right to, International Protection DJACOBALIVA TEHINDRAZANARJVELO AND ROBERT KOLB! 153 Peace, Threat to ERIKA DE WET AND SIR MICHAEL WOOD 160 Peacebuilding THILO MARAUHN AND SVEN SIMON 164 Peaceful Change HISASHI OWADA 175 Peaceful Coexistence CARLO PANARA 185 Peaceful Purposes ALEXANDER PROELSS 193 Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes ALAIN PELLET 201 Peacekeeping Forces MICHAEL BOTHE 224 Pearl Fisheries PETER MACALISTER-SMITH 236 Peleus, The KARIN TRAUNMULLER 239 Peoples GUDMUNDURALFREDSSON 240 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME VIII
Perfidy VERA RUSINOVA 245 Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) NISUKE ANDO 251 Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) SHABTAI ROSENNE 259 Persian Gulf ANDREA GIOIA 270 Persistent Objector OLUFEMI ELIAS 280 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) GREGORY ROSE 286 Persona Non Grata JEAN D'ASPREMONT 293 Phosphates in Morocco Case JORG MENZEL 297 Pillage GUIDO CARDUCCI 299 Pinochet Cases ANDREA GATTINI 304 Pinson Claim Arbitration (France v Mexico) BERNARDO SEPULVEDA 309 Pious Fund Arbitration TOBIAS PIERLINGS 313 Pipelines RAINER LAGONI 315 Piracy IVAN SHEARER 320 Pirate Broadcasting KATRIN TIROCH 327 Plant Genetic Resources, International Protection GREGORY ROSE 333 Pledge of State Territory'and Property TOBIAS H IRMSCHER 339 Polluter Pays ALAN BOYLE 341 Population, Expulsion and-Transfer EMILY HASLAM 347 Port State Jurisdiction ERIKJAAP MOLENAAR 355 Ports RAINER LAGONI 363 Portugal v Council Case PIET EECKHOUT 377 Postal Communications, International Regulation MIRA BURRI-NENOVA 380 Postal Ships XIMENA HINRICHS OYARCE 387 Postliminium JOHANN-CHRISTOPH WOLTAG 389 Potsdam Conference (1945) JOCHEN A FROWEIN 392 Preamble MAKANEMOISEMBENGUE 397 Precautionary Approach/Principle MEINHARD SCHRODER 400 Preliminary Objections HUGHTHIRLWAY 405 Premises of Diplomatic Missions JEAN DASPREMONT 412 Prescription JAN WOUTERS AND STEN VERHOEVEN 420 Prince von Pless Administration (Orders) ROLAND ADJOVI 426 Prior Informed Consent KATHARINA KUMMER PEIRY 428 Prisoner Transfer EBRAHIM AFSAH 433 Prisoners of War ROBERT M CHESNEY 436 Privacy, Right to, International Protection INETAZIEMELE 451 Private International Law THOMAS PFEIFFER 459 Private Military Companies CHIA LEHNARDT 467 Privateering DAVID J BEDERMAN 475 Prize Law JAMES KRASKA 477 Proces-verbal JAN WOUTERS AND STEN VERHOEVEN 485 Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) MICHAEL BYERS 488 Promise ERIC SUY AND NICOLAS ANGELET 494 Prompt Release of Vessels and Crews DAVID HEYWOOD ANDERSON 499 Propaganda ERIC DE BRABANDERE 507 Propaganda for War, Prohibition of MICHAEL G KEARNEY 515 Property Commissions Established pursuant to Art. 15 Peace Treaty with Japan (1951) NISUKEANDO 520 XIV LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME VIII
Property, Right to, International Protection URSULA KRIEBAUM AND AUGUST REINISCH 522 Proportionality EMILY CRAWFORD 533 Protected Persons HEIKE KRIEGER 540 Protecting Power HANS-JOACHIM HEINTZE 545 Protectorates and Protected States MIRJATRILSCH 551 Protest CHRISTOPHE EICK 556 Psychological Warfare KALLIOPI CHAINOGLOU 559 Public Health, International Co-operation MAKANEMOISEMBENGUE 565 Public Participation in Environmental Matters JONAS EBBESSON 574 Public Private Partnership KENNETH W ABBOTT 582 Pueblo Incident (1968) XIMENA HINRICHS OYARCE 588 Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v Uruguay) PAULA MARIA VERNET .... 593 Racial and Religious Discrimination THEO VAN BOVEN 608 Railway Stations and Airports on Foreign Territory and Transborder Railway Traffic SERGIO MARCHISIO 617 Railway Transport, International Regulation DOROTA LOST-SIEMINSKA 621 Rainbow Warrior, The CRISTINAHOSS AND JASON MORGAN-FOSTER 627 Rann of Kutch Arbitration (Indo-Pakistan Western Boundary) MUHAMMAD NAWSHAD ZAMIR 636 Rapallo Treaty (1922) ILONA STOELKEN-FITSCHEN 640 Reasonableness in International Law OLIVIER CORTEN 645 Reciprocity BRUNO SIMMA 651 Recognition JOCHEN A FROWEIN 656 Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards JAN KLEINHEISTERKAMP 664 Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments RALF MICHAELS 672 Recognition of Foreign Legislative and Administrative Acts MATTHIAS RUFFERT 683 Red Crusader Incident (1961) XIMENA HINRICHS OYARCE 688 Red Sea RUTH LAPIDOTH 691 Referendum YVES BEIGBEDER 696 Refugees DIETER KUGELMANN 706 Refugees, League of Nations Offices DIETER KUGELMANN 718 Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner (UNHCR) ERIKA FELLER AND ANJA KLUG 720 Regime Theory ANU BRADFORD 737 Region of War JULIA BRESLIN 743 Regional Arrangements and the United Nations Charter CHRISTIAN WALTER 746 Regional Co-operation MATHIAS FORTEAU 758 Regional Co-opetation and Organization: African States MAGNUS KILLANDER .... 768 Regional Co-operation and Organization: American States Luis ALFONSO GARCI'A-CORROCHANO MOYANO 782 Regional Co-operation and Organization: Asian States WON-MOG CHOI 798 Regional Co-operation and Organization: European States MARKUS KOTZUR 806 Regional Cooperation and Organization: Pacific Region SHOTARO HAMAMOTO .... 816 Regional Development Banks EISUKE SUZUKI 824 Regional International Law MATHIAS FORTEAU 838 Regional Seas, Environmental Protection BETSY BAKER AND ALISON SHARE 844 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME VIII
Regional Trade Agreements LORAND BARTELS 853 Religion or Belief, Freedom of, International Protection CHRISTIAN WALTER 864 Remnants of War GABRIELLA BLUM 872 Remote Sensing MAHULENA HOFMANN 877 Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations (Advisory Opinion) PIERRE D'ARGENT 880 Reparations DINAH SHELTON 883 Reparation after World War II PIERRE D'ARGENT 893 Repatriation ALFRED DE ZAYAS 902 Reporting Systems HELEN KELLER 909 Representatives of States in International Relations JEAN SALMON 919 Reprisals MATTHIAS RUFFERT 927 Reproductive Rights, International Regulation JULIA GEBHARD AND DIANA TRIMINO 930 Requisitions AVRIL MCDONALD AND HANNA BROLLOWSKI 938 Res Iudicata WILLIAM S DODGE 944 Resident Co-ordinator MICHAEL SCHOISWOHL 947 Resistance Movements ROBERT P BARNIDGE 952 Resistance, Right to, International Protection MONIQUE CHEMILLIER-GENDREAU 954 Responsibility of States for Private Actors ALEXANDER KEES 959 Responsibility to Protect INGO WINKELMANN 965 Restitution ATTILATANZI 972 Retorsion THOMAS GIEGERICH 976 Revere Copper Arbitral Award ANDREA ERNST 982 Rhine River KATRIN TIROCH 984 Rhine-Main-Danube Waterway KATRIN TIROCH 991 Right of Passage over Indian Territory Case MAURICE MENDELSON 995 Rio Grande (Rio Bravo) GEORGE (ROCK) PRING AND JEFFERY E ROTH 999 River Bridges MATTHIAS HERDEGEN ' 1004 Roadsteads ROBIN R CHURCHILL 1006 Rocks JON M VAN DYKE 1008 Rule of Law SIMON CHESTERMAN 1014 Rules of Origin MOSHE HIRSCH 1022 Ruses ofWar KNUT IPSEN 1028 Russia ANGELIKANUSSBERGER 1029 Russian Indemnity Arbitration TIGRAN B BEKNAZAR 1062 Rwanda ROLAND ADJOVI AND NANDOR KNUST 1066 Saar Territory JOACHIM SCHWIETZKE 1076 Saavedra Lamas Treaty (1933) HUGO CAMINOS 1082 Sabbatino Case JOHN HENRY DINGFELDERSTONE 1085 Safe Conduct and Safe Passage JAMES KRASKA 1089 Safe Harbour JON M VAN DYKE 1093 Sahara THILO MARAUHN 1095 Saiga Cases LOUISE ANGELIQUE DE LA FAYETTE 1106 Salem Case LAHRA LIBERTI 1116 Salvage ROBERTA GARABELLO 1120 Same-Sex Partnership, International Protection KEES WAALDIJK 1125 San Marino GUIDO GUIDI 1134 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME IX
Sanctions ALAIN PELLET AND ALINA MIRON 1 Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures GABRIELLE MARCEAU AND JOELTRACHTMAN 15 Sapphire Arbitration MARTINS PAPARINSKIS 20 Satellite Broadcasting FRANCIS LYALL 23 Satisfaction CRISTINA HOSS 25 Savarkar Case JOHN HENRY DINGFELDER STONE 32 Scheldt River SANDER MEIJERINK 34 Scilingo Case JUAN E MENDEZ AND FRANCISCO J BARIFFI 38 Sea Fisheries Cases before the European Court of Justice ERIK FRANCKX 42 Sea Lanes DONALD R ROTHWELL 47 Secession DANIEL THURER AND THOMAS BURRI 53 Secret Intelligence SIMON CHESTERMAN 66 Security AVRIL MCDONALD AND HANNA BROLLOWSKI 72 Security, Righsto, International Protection MARTIN SCHEININ 79 Security Strategies ALYSON JK BAILES AND ANNA WETTER 83 Security Zones AVRIL MCDONALD AND HANNA BROLLOWSKI 90 Sei Fujii v California Case JORG MENZEL : 94 Self-Contained Regime ECKART KLEIN 97 Self-Defence CHRISTOPHER GREENWOOD 103 Self-Deterrhination DANIEL THURER AND THOMAS BURRI 113 Self-Preservation JAMES A GREEN 128 Sequestration THOMAS KLEINLEIN 131 Serbia LIDIJA BASTAFLEINER AND VLADIMIR DJERIC 137 Services, Trade in MARKUS KRAJEWSKI 150 Servitudes SERGIO MARCHISIO 158 Shatt al Arab RAMIN MOSCHTAGHI 163 Ships, Diverting and Ordering into Port JOHN PAUL JONES 168 Ships in Distress JOHN E NOYES 173 Ships, Visit and Search VAUGHAN LOWE AND ANTONIOSTZANAKOPOULOS 179 Sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas JUTTA BRUNNEE 188 Sidra, Gulf of MOHAMED MOULDI MARSIT 193 Siege JAMES KRASKA 195 Sierra Leone SIMON M MEISENBERG 200 Sikkim RK DIXIT 208 Singapore Oil Stocks Case MARTINS PAPARINSKIS 213 Slavery DAVID WEISSBRODT 216 Slovenia MATEJA STEINBRUCK PLATISE 226 Small Arms, International Restrictions on the Trade in BIJAN TAVAKOLI 236 Social Security, Right to, International Protection ANGELIKANUSSBERGER 241 Societe Levant Express Transport v Chemins de fer du gouvernement iranien Case IRENE COUZIGOU 250 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME IX Xlll
Sociological Theories of International Law ANTHONY. CARTY 252 Soering Case ULRIKE DEUTSCH 265 Soft Law DANIEL THURER. . . 269 Solidarity Rights (Development, Peace, Environment, Humanitarian Assistance) NAOMI ROHT-ARRIAZA AND SARA C AMINZADEH 278 Solidarity, Principle of DANIO CAMPANELLI 288 Somalia, Conflict JAN'PETER SCHMIDT 292 Sources of International Law RUDIGER WOLFRUM 299 South African Bantustan Policy JOHN DUGARD 313 South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) RAHMATULLAH KHAN 316 South Ossetia ANGELIKA NUSSBERGER 322 South Tyrol PETER HILPOLD 329 South West Africa/Namibia (Advisory Opinions and Judgments) CHRISTOF HEYNS AND MAGNUS KILLANDER 335 Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) SUZETTE V SUAREZ 347 Southern African Development Community (SADC) FRANS VILJOEN AND AMOS SAUROMBE 350 Southern BluefinTuna Cases ALAN BOYLE 360 Sovereignty SAMANTHA BESSON 366 Sovereignty over certain Frontier Land Case (Belgium/Netherlands) PETER TOMKA 391 Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge Case (Malaysia/Singapore) SUZETTE V SUAREZ 394 Sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan Case (Indonesia/Malaysia) SUZETTE V SUAREZ 399 Spacecraft, Satellites, and Space Objects STEPHAN HOBE 403 SPANISH CIVIL WAR (1936-39) ALFRED DE ZAYAS 407 Spanish Zone of Morocco Claims ANTONIO REMIRO BROTONS 411 Special Envoy MEHRDAD PAYANDEH 415 Special Rapporteurs of Human Rights Bodies ANTJE C BERGER 418 Special Representative HELEN KELLER 425 Spheres of Influence HANSPETER NEUHOLD 429 Spies CHRISTIAN SCHALLER 435 Spitsbergen/Svalbard GEIR ULFSTEIN 438 Spratly Islands MICHAEL STRUPP 448 St Germain Peace Treaty (1919) JAKOB PICHON 451 St Lawrence Seaway FRED L MORRISON 455 St Pierre and Miquelon Arbitration KEITH HIGHET 456 Standard of Living, Promotion of CHRIS MAINA PETER 463 Stare decisis GUIDO ACQUAVIVA AND FAUSTO POCAR 469 State JAMES R CRAWFORD 475 State Aircraft JAN WOUTERS AND STEN VERHOEVEN 484 State Bankruptcy JORN AXEL KAMMERER 489 State Immunity PETER-TOBIAS STOLL 498 State Practice SIR MICHAEL WOOD 509 State Responsibility JAMES R CRAWFORD 517 State Ships GIL CARLOS RODRIGUEZ IGLESIAS 533 State Succession in Other Matters than Treaties ANDREAS ZIMMERMANN 536 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME IX
State Succession in Treaties ANDREAS ZIMMERMANN 545 Stateless Persons KATJA GOCKE 551 States, Extinction of INETAZIEMELE 558 States, Fundamental Rights and Duties SERGIO M CARBONE AND LORENZO SCHIANO DI PEPE 562 States, Sovereign Equality JULIANE KOKOTT 571 Status of Armed Forces on Foreign Territory Agreements (SOFA) PAULJ CONDERMAN 586 Status Quo SUSANNE WASUM-RAINER 598 Stockholm Declaration (1972) and Rio Declaration (1992) DINAH SHELTON 602 Straddling and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks DAVID HEYWOOD ANDERSON 613 Straits, International RUTH LAPIDOTH 619 Strategic Areas ZHENIS KEMBAYEV 625 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) HANS-JOACHIM HEINTZE 629 Subjects of International Law CHRISTIAN WALTER 634 Submarine Warfare J ASHLEY ROACH 643 Submarines KAZUHIRO NAKATANI 649 Subsidiarity ISABEL FEICHTNER 652 Subsidies, International Restrictions KONSTANTINOS ADAMANTOPOULOS AND JOCHEN P BECK ' 658 Sudan MARKUS BOCKENFORDE 667 Suez Canal MAURIZIO ARCARI 675 Summit Meetings CHRISTINE CHINKIN AND INA GXTZSCHMANN 682 Superpowers and Great Powers JORG KAMMERHOFER 688 Supranational Law ACHILLES SKORDAS 693 Surrender, Non-Aliens CHRISTINE LANGENFELD 704 Suspension of Hostilities VALENTINA AZAROVAND IDO BLUM 713 Sustainable Development ULRICH BEYERLIN 716 Taba Arbitration RUTH LAPIDOTH 722 Tacit Consent/Opting Out Procedures DORIS KONIG 725 Tadic Case SUSAN LAMB 732 Taft Arbitration Treaties (1911) JOHNENOYES 743 Taiwan BJORN AHL 746 Taliban CHRISTIANE E PHILIPP 754 Tangier JOACHIM SCHWIETZKE 757 Targeted Killing GEORG NOLTE 763 Taxation, International YORAM MARGALIOTH 769 Teachings of the Most Highly Qualified Publicists (Art. 38 (1) ICJ Statute) SIR MICHAEL WOOD 783 Technical Assistance CLAUDIO DORDI AND MICHEL KOSTECKI 787 Technical Barriers to Trade GABRIELLE MARCEAU AND JOEL PTRACHTMAN 797 Technology Transfer MICHAEL WAIBEL AND WILLIAM ALFORD 801 Tehran Conference (1943) FELIXARNDT 815 Telecommunications, International Regulation SABINE VON SCHORLEMER 818 Temple of Preah Vihear Case MARKUS WAGNER 841 Territorial and Maritime Dispute Case (Nicaragua v Colombia) LOUISE ANGELIQUE DE LA FAYETTE 844 Territorial Change, Effects of GLEIDER I HERNANDEZ 850 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME IX
Territorial Dispute Case (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya/Chad) KATHARINA HAUSLER AND JANE A HOFBAUER 856 Territorial Integrity and Political Independence SAMUEL KN BLAY 859 Territorial Sea SARAH WOLF 871 Territory, Abandonment MARCELO G KOHEN 884 Territory, Acquisition MARCELO G KOHEN AND MAMADOU HEBIE 887 Territory, Discovery MARCELO G KOHEN AND MAMADOU HEBIE 900 Territory, Lease YAEL RONEN 904 Terrorism CHRISTIAN WALTER 908 Tibet MICHAEL C DAVIS 928 Tigris and Euphrates Rivers GEORGE (ROCK) PRING AND B SALMAN BANAEI 937 Timor Island Arbitration PETER HILPOLD 941 Tinoco Concessions Arbitration CORNELIA HAGEDORN 943 Torres Strait STUART KAYE . , 945 Torrey Canyon, The JULIA PFEIL 948 Torture, Prohibition of DAVID KRETZMER 950 Tourism PATRICK VRANCKEN 964 Trade and Culture CHRISTOPH BEAT GRABER 971 Trade and Human Rights LORAND BARTELS 979 Trade and Labour Standards CHRISTINE KAUFMANN 988 Trading with the Enemy MICHAEL J BAZYLER 996 Traffic and Transport, International Regulation ELMAR M GIEMULLA 1001 Trail Smelter Arbitration RUSSELL A MILLER 1010 Transboundary Co-operation between Local or Regional Authorities MATTHIAS RUFFERT 1014 Transit of Goods over Foreign Territory TALIAEINHORN 1020 Transit Passage SAID MAHMOUDI 1033 Transitional Justice in Post-Conflict Situations ANJA SEIBERT-FOHR 1042 Transnational Organized Crime CYRILLE FIJNAUTAND LETIZIAPAOLI 1049 Transsexuals and Transgenders, International Protection KRISTEN WALKER 1056 Treaties MALGOSIA FITZMAURICE 1060 Treaties, Amendment and Revision JAN KLABBERS 1084 Treaties, Conclusion and Entry into Force JAN KLABBERS 1089 Treaties, Conflict Clauses NELE MATZ-LUCK 1093 Treaties, Conflicts between NELE MATZ-LUCK 1096 Treaties, Declarations of Interpretation IAIN CAMERON 1104 Treaties, Direct Applicability KAREN KAISER 1108 Treaties, Fundamental Change of Circumstances WOLFF HEINTSCHEL VON HEINEGG 1114 Treaties, Multilateral, Reservations to THOMAS GIEGERICH 1124 Treaties, Object and Purpose JAN KLABBERS 1135 Treaties of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation ANDREAS PAULUS 1140 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME X
Treaties, Provisional Application RENE LEFEBER 1 Treaties, Registration and Publication RICHARD CADDELL 5 Treaties, Secret RICHARD CADDELL 11 Treaties, Suspension IAIN CAMERON 13 Treaties, Termination ANTHONYAUST 17 Treaties, Territorial Application ANTHONY AUST 26 Treaties, Third-Party Effect BUDISLAV VUKAS 31 Treaties, Unequal ANNE PETERS 38 Treaties, Validity MEINHARD SCHRODER 51 Treaty-Making Power ANNE PETERS 56 Treaty of Lausanne, Interpretation of (Advisory Opinion) GERHARD HAFNER 82 Trendtex Trading Corporation v Central Bank of Nigeria Case KATJAS ZIEGLER. ... 84 Trianon Peace Treaty (1920) ANDRASJAKAB 88 Trieste HELMUT TUERK 92 Trust Funds ILIAS BANTEKAS 99 Truth and Reconciliation Commissions ANDREAS O'SHEA 106 Truth, Right to, International Protection JUAN E MENDEZ AND FRANCISCO J BARIFFI 115 Tuva TOOMAS ALATALU AND MICHAEL STRUPP 124 Ultimatum STEFAN KADELBACH 127 Underwater Cultural Heritage TULLIO SCOVAZZI 130 UNIDROIT LENA PETERS 137 Unification and Harmonization of Laws MARTIN GEBAUER 147 Uniform Sales Law MIRIAM PARMENTIER 154 Unilateral Acts of States in International Law VICTOR RODRIGUEZ CEDENO AND MARIA ISABEL TORRES CAZORLA . 163 Unilateral Trade Measures CHRISTOPH OHLER 172 Unilateralism/Multilateralism ANDRE NOLLKAEMPER 179 Union Carbide Cases ASTRID EPINEY 185 United Arab Emirates RAMIN MOSCHTAGHI 190 United Nations (UN) JOCHEN A FROWEIN 195 United Nations Administrative Tribunal, Applications for Review (Advisory Opinions) SIR MICHAEL WOOD 209 United Nations and International Humanitarian Law MARTEN ZWANENBURG 216 United Nations, Autonomous Research Institutes STEFANIE SCHMAHL 229 United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) PHILIPP DANN 237 United Nations Charter JEAN-PIERRE COT 239 United Nations Charter, Amendment INGO WINKELMANN 251 United Nations Charter, Enemy States Clauses SIR MICHAEL WOOD 256 United Nations Charter, History of JEAN-PIERRE COT 259 United Nations Charter, Interpretation of PHILIP KUNIG 272 United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) ANTJEVON UNGERN-STERNBERG 278 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME X
United Nations Commission on Human Rights/United Nations Human Rights Council BEATE RUDOLF 281 United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) PEER ZUMBANSEN AND MARIA PANEZI 288 United Nations Committees and Subsidiary Bodies, System of BEATE RUDOLF .... 295 United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC) THOMAS A MENSAH 302 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) CARLOS FORTIN 311 United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property (2004) GERHARD HAFNER 319 United Nations Development Fund (UNIFEM) STEFANIE SCHMAHL r. 330 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) MICHAEL SCHOISWOHL 332 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) ROLAND BANK AND FRIEDERIKE FOLTZ 338 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Arbitral Award on the Interpretation of the Constitution of PAULBEHRENS .... 357 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Headquarters Arbitration JEAN-PIERRE COT 360 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) ELVIRA PUSHKAREVA 365 United Nations, General Assembly CHRISTIAN TOMUSCHAT 371 United Nations Headquarters Agreement, Obligation to Arbitrate (Advisory Opinion) DANIEL HEILMANN 380 United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) MARTIN WoRTMANN 384 United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) RALF BREDEL AND KAZUKI KITAOKA 390 United Nations, Millennium Declaration GUNTER PLEUGER 399 United Nations Peacebuilding Commission FREYA BAETENS AND KATRIN KOHOUTEK 406 United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) MOSHEHIRSCH 414 United Nations, Purposes and Principles PIERRE D'ARGENT AND NADINE SUSANI .... 418 United Nations, Reform JEAN-PIERRE COT 428 United Nations, Regional Commissions MATHIAS FORTEAU 444 United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) EMILY HASLAM 454 United Nations Relief and Wotks Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) ORDE F KITTRIE 458 United Nations, SecretaryrGeneral KATJA GOCKE AND HUBERTUSVON MOHR 464 United Nations, Security Council SIR MICHAEL WOOD 475 United Nations, Sixth Committee Huw LLEWELLYN 482 United Nations, Specialized Agencies ECKART KLEIN 489 United Nations Standby Arrangement System (UNSAS) RAY MURPHY 509 United Nations, Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights DAVID WEISSBRODT 513 United Nations Trusteeship System ANDRIYMELNYK 523 United Nations University (UNU) DOUGLAS HODGSON 536 United States Alien Tort Statute ANJA SEIBERT-FOHR 539 United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran Case (United States of America v Iran) ISABELLE BUFFARD AND STEPHAN WITTICH 543 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME X
United States Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (1976) RALPH G STEINHARDT . . . . 550 United States Nationals in Morocco Case JOCHEN HERBST 554 United States v California Cases DINAH SHELTON.- 557 Uniting for Peace Resolution (1950) CHRISTINA BINDER 559 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) HILARY CHARLESWORTH 567 Universal Postal Union (UPU) REBECCA BRATSPIES 576 Universality ANDRE NOLLKAEMPER 580 University for Peace (UPEACE) GUDMUNDUR.EIRIKSSON 586 Unjust Enrichment CHRISTINA BINDER AND CHRISTOPH SCHREUER 588 Uruguay Round MATTHIAS OESCH 597 Use of Force, Prohibition of OLIVER DORR 607 Use of Force, Prohibition of Threat SIR MICHAEL WOOD 620 US—Shrimp Case MATTHIAS OESCH 622 Utipossidetis Doctrine GIUSEPPE NESI 626 Van Gend & Loos Case. FRANZ C MAYER 630 Velasquez Rodriguez v Honduras Case MARIA PIA CARAZO 634 Venice Commission HELMUT STEINBERGER 640 Verification of Facts MICHAEL BOTHE 643 Versailles Peace Treaty (1919) FRANK SCHORKOPF 657 Veto BARDO FASSBENDER 665 Victims' Rights THEO VAN BOVEN 671 Vienna Congress (1815) THOMAS FITSCHEN 678 Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963) ANDREAS PAULUS AND ANNE DIENELT 683 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) HOLGER P HESTERMEYER .... 697 Vienna Convention on the Law ofTreaties (1969) ANTHONY AUST 709 Vienna Convention on the Representation of States in their International Organizations of a Universal Character (1975) MAYA HERTIG RANDALL 715 Vienna World Conference on Human Rights (1993) INEKE BOEREFIJN 718 Vietnam NHU DUNG HOPT-NGUYEN 724 Vivendi (Companfa de Aguas del Aconquija) v Argentina Case STANIMIRAALEXANDROV 737 Volga River GEORGE (ROCK) PRING AND TIMOTHY R FRANKLIN 743 Waiver ISABEL FEICHTNER 747 Walvis Bay ALBERT HOFFMANN 754 War Materials ANKE BIEHLER 757 War, Protection of News Media Workers HANS- PETER GASSER 759 War Zones WOLFF HEINTSCHEL VON HEINEGG .•: 763 Warfare, Methods and Means. YORAM DINSTEIN 771 Warning Zones at Sea EDUARD SOMERS 777 Wars of National Liberation DAVID W GLAZIER 780 Warsaw Treaty Organization PALSONNEVEND 785 Warships WOLFF HEINTSCHEL VON HEINEGG 790 Warships, Sunken J ASHLEY ROACH 802 Water, Right to, International Protection EYAL BENVENISTI 811 Weapons of Mass Destruction HENDRIK ASTRYDOM 821 Weapons of Mass Destruction, Counter-Proliferation MICHAEL BOTHE 829 Weapons, Prohibited WILLIAM BOOTHBY 839 Wena v Egypt Case URSULA KRIEBAUM 847 LIST OF ENTRIES IN VOLUME X
Western European Union (WEU) PETER MACALISTER-SMITH AND JULIA GEBHARD 851 Western Sahara (Advisory Opinion) CLEMENS FEINAUGLE 861 Westphalia, Peace of (1648) BARDO FASSBENDER 865 Westphalian System RAINER GROTE 870 Wetlands ELLEN HEY 874 Whaling JOCHEN BRAIG 881 Wimbledon, The CLEMENS FEINAUGLE 888 Women, Rights of, International Protection CHRISTINE CHINKIN 891 Work, Right to, International Protection ANGELIKA NUSSBERGER 901 World Bank Group MAURIZIO RAGAZZI 909 World Customs Organization (WCO) CHRISTINE KAUFMANN 912 World Food Council (WFC) KERSTIN MECHLEM 916 World Food Programme (WFP) KERSTIN MECHLEM 919 World Health Organization (WHO) YVES BEIGBEDER 924 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) THOMAS COTTIER 931 World Medical Association MIRA CHANG .• 940 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) DANIEL HEILMANN 943 World Natural Heritage KERSTIN ODENDAHL 948 World Population LEONARD HAMMER 955 World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) PATRICK VRANCKEN 964 World Trade Organization (WTO) PETER-TOBIAS STOLL 968 World Trade Organization, Dispute Settlement PETER-TOBIAS STOLL 990 World Trade Organization, Enforcement System MICHAEL KOEBELE 1006 World Trade, Principles ERNST-ULRICH PETERSMANN 1020 Wounded, Sick, and Shipwrecked GREGOR NOVAK 1032 Xenophobia NORMAN WEISS 1038 Yalta Conference (1945) IRENE COUZIGOU 1049 Yugoslavia, Cases and Proceedings before the ICJ TOBIAS THIENEL AND ANDREAS ZIMMERMANN 1054 Yugoslavia, Dissolution of STEFAN OETER 1064 Zambezi River GEORGE'(ROCK) PRING AND KATIE ALLISON 1100 Zeiss Cases TORSTEN STEIN 1105 Zollverein (German Customs Union) FRANK SCHORKOPF 1108 Zones of Peace PETER MACALISTER-SMITH 1111