Dust Near the Sun
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Wildland Firefighter Smoke Exposure
❑ United States Department of Agriculture Wildland Firefighter Smoke Exposure EST SERVIC FOR E Forest National Technology & 1351 1803 October 2013 D E E P R A U RTMENT OF AGRICULT Service Development Program 5100—Fire Management Wildland Firefighter Smoke Exposure By George Broyles Fire Project Leader Information contained in this document has been developed for the guidance of employees of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, its contractors, and cooperating Federal and State agencies. The USDA Forest Service assumes no responsibility for the interpretation or use of this information by other than its own employees. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official evaluation, conclusion, recommendation, endorsement, or approval of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. -
Protect Your Health During Wildfires
Protect Your Health During Wildfires Smoke from wildfires can harm anyone nearby and even many miles downwind. Breathing smoke can shorten lives and cause heart attacks, asthma attacks and other dangerous health effects. Even healthy adults can risk coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. Preparation for wildfires Coordinating Partners: Before a wildfire occurs Preparation is key to protecting your family, especially if you live where wildfire risk is high. Here are some steps to take: • Know how you will get alerts and health warnings about high fire risk or an active fire. Contact your local authorities how to sign up for alerts. • Before fire season begins, make sure you have extra food, water, and medications on hand to last for several days so that you don’t need to go out during the event. • Designate a clean room in your home. That room may need a properly-sized air purifier with a HEPA filter to further reduce particles coming from the outside. • Understand what plans your workplace, or your child’s school or day care center has in place when wildfires occur. • If you think you’ll need to be outside during the fire, consider getting disposable respirator masks that are rated as N95 or higher to help reduce inhalation of particle pollution. These masks must fit securely to work. They do not work for children or people with beards. Do not use dust masks or surgical masks because they do not filter out harmful particles. Go here to learn how to wear an N95 mask. Talk with your doctor Talk with your doctor about how to prepare for this smoke, especially if you or someone in the family fits into one of these categories: works outdoors; is under age 18 or over age Smoke from 65; is pregnant; or has asthma, COPD or other lung diseases, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes. -
The Dynamics of Dust Particles Near the Sun Geofísica Internacional, Vol
Geofísica Internacional ISSN: 0016-7169 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Maravilla, Dolores The dynamics of dust particles near the Sun Geofísica Internacional, vol. 38, núm. 3, july-september, 1999, p. 0 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=56838306 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Geofísica Internacional (1999), Vol. 38, Num. 3, pp. The dynamics of dust particles near the Sun Dolores Maravilla Instituto de Geofísica, UNAM, México, D.F., México. Received: August 27, 1998; accepted: March 10, 1999. RESUMEN El propósito de este trabajo es estudiar la dinámica de las partículas de polvo (granos) que se encuentran cerca de la corona solar partiendo de un modelo tridimensional que describe la ecuación de movimiento de las partículas tomando en cuenta las fuerzas gravitacional y de Lorentz. Las soluciones del modelo tridimensional proporcionan las superficies de reflexión dentro de las cuales los granos pueden quedar confinados. Cuando sólo hay movimiento en un plano, las soluciones tridimensionales son reducidas a soluciones bidimensionales. En particular, se estudia la dinámica de los granos cerca de la corona para dos mínimos solares consecutivos (i.e. antes y después del máximo solar) incluyendo en la ecuación de movimiento la fuerza de presión de radiación. Las soluciones bidimensionales proporcionan las regiones de confinamiento del polvo alrededor del Sol, así como aquellas regiones en donde el polvo escapa de la heliosfera. -
Gusty Winds Causing Blowing Dust and Continuing Wildfire Smoke Prompt Health Caution Potential Elevated PM10 and PM2.5 Pose Health Concern
For immediate release 10-25-2020 Media Contact: Heather Heinks (559) 994-7591 Attn: Local news, weather, health and assignment editors Gusty winds causing blowing dust and continuing wildfire smoke prompt health caution Potential elevated PM10 and PM2.5 pose health concern Gusty winds are causing localized blowing dust, which can result in elevated concentrations of particulate matter 10 microns and smaller (PM10). As a result, local air pollution officials are issuing a health cautionary statement effective today (10/25) through Monday (10/26) for San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Merced, Madera, and Fresno Counties. In addition, the SQF Complex Fire in Tulare County, Creek Fire in Madera/Fresno counties and other California wildfires continue to generate smoke, which contains particulate matter pollution (PM2.5). Smoke impacts are expected to continue until the fires are extinguished. Exposure to particulate matter pollution can trigger asthma attacks, aggravate chronic bronchitis, and increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. Individuals with heart or lung disease should follow their doctors’ advice for dealing with episodes of PM exposure. Those with existing respiratory conditions, including COVID-19, young children and the elderly, are especially susceptible to the health effects from this form of pollution. Anyone experiencing poor air quality due to wildfire smoke should move indoors, to a filtered, air-conditioned environment with windows closed. The common cloth and paper masks individuals are wearing due to COVID-19 concerns may not protect them from wildfire smoke. Residents can use the District’s Real-time Air Advisory Network (RAAN) to track air quality at any Valley location by visiting myRAAN.com. -
Wildfire Smoke and Your Health When Smoke Levels Are High, Even Healthy People May Have Symptoms Or Health Problems
PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISION http://Public.Health.Oregon.gov Wildfire Smoke and Your Health When smoke levels are high, even healthy people may have symptoms or health problems. The best thing to do is to limit your exposure to smoke. Depending on your situation, a combination of the strategies below may work best and give you the most protection from wildfire smoke. The more you do to limit your exposure to wildfire smoke, the more you’ll reduce your chances of having health effects. Keep indoor air as clean as possible. Keep windows and doors closed. Use a Listen to your body high- efficiency particulate air (HEPA) and contact your filter to reduce indoor air pollution. healthcare provider Avoid smoking tobacco, using or 911 if you are wood-burning stoves or fireplaces, burning candles, experiencing health incenses or vacuuming. symptoms. If you have to spend time outside when the Drink plenty air quality is hazardous: of water. Do not rely on paper or dust masks for protection. N95 masks properly worn may offer Reduce the some protection. amount of time spent in the smoky area. Reduce the amount of time spent outdoors. Avoid vigorous Stay informed: outdoor activities. The Oregon Smoke blog has information about air quality in your community: oregonsmoke.blogspot.com 1 Frequently asked questions about wildfire smoke and public health Wildfire smoke Q: Why is wildfire smoke bad for my health? A: Wildfire smoke is a mixture of gases and fine particles from burning trees and other plant material. The gases and fine particles can be dangerous if inhaled. -
Comet C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto): Data Ulate About Past Visits of Interstellar Comets on the Basis of Available Using a 0.47-M Reflector, D
MNRAS 000, 1–11 (2019) Preprint 30 August 2019 Compiled using MNRAS LATEX style file v3.0 Comet C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto): dislodged from the Oort Cloud or coming from interstellar space? C. de la Fuente Marcos1⋆ and R. de la Fuente Marcos2 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain 2AEGORA Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain Accepted 2019 August 3. Received 2019 July 26; in original form 2019 February 17 ABSTRACT The chance discovery of the first interstellar minor body, 1I/2017 U1 (‘Oumuamua), indicates that we may have been visited by such objects in the past and that these events may repeat in the future. Unfortunately, minor bodies following nearly parabolic or hyperbolic paths tend to receive little attention: over 3/4 of those known have data-arcs shorter than 30 d and, con- sistently, rather uncertain orbit determinations. This fact suggests that we may have observed interstellar interlopers in the past, but failed to recognize them as such due to insufficient data. Early identification of promising candidates by using N-body simulations may help in improv- ing this situation, triggering follow-up observations before they leave the Solar system. Here, we use this technique to investigate the pre- and post-perihelion dynamical evolution of the slightly hyperbolic comet C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto) to understand its origin and relevance within the context of known parabolic and hyperbolic minor bodies. Based on the available data, our calculations suggest that although C/2018 V1 may be a former mem- ber of the Oort Cloud, an origin beyond the Solar system cannot be excluded. -
Atmospheric Dust on Mars: a Review
47th International Conference on Environmental Systems ICES-2017-175 16-20 July 2017, Charleston, South Carolina Atmospheric Dust on Mars: A Review François Forget1 Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD/IPSL), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Paris, France Luca Montabone2 Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD/IPSL), Paris, France & Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO, USA The Martian environment is characterized by airborne mineral dust extending between the surface and up to 80 km altitude. This dust plays a key role in the climate system and in the atmospheric variability. It is a significant issue for any system on the surface. The atmospheric dust content is highly variable in space and time. In the past 20 years, many investigations have been conducted to better understand the characteristics of the dust particles, their distribution and their variability. However, many unknowns remain. The occurrence of local, regional and global-scale dust storms are better documented and modeled, but they remain very difficult to predict. The vertical distribution of dust, characterized by detached layers exhibiting large diurnal and seasonal variations, remains quite enigmatic and very poorly modeled. Nomenclature Ls = Solar Longitude (°) MY = Martian year reff = Effective radius τ = Dust optical depth (or dust opacity) CDOD = Column Dust Optical Depth (i.e. τ integrated over the atmospheric column) IR = Infrared LDL = Low Dust Loading (season) HDL = High Dust Loading (season) MGS = Mars Global Surveyor (NASA spacecraft) MRO = Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (NASA spacecraft) MEX = Mars Express (ESA spacecraft) TES = Thermal Emission Spectrometer (instrument aboard MGS) THEMIS = Thermal Emission Imaging System (instrument aboard NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft) MCS = Mars Climate Sounder (instrument aboard MRO) PDS = Planetary Data System (NASA data archive) EDL = Entry, Descending, and Landing GCM = Global Climate Model I. -
OSHA's Respirable Crystalline Silica Standard for Construction
FactSheet OSHA’s Respirable Crystalline Silica Standard for Construction Workers who are exposed to respirable crystalline silica dust are at increased risk of developing serious silica-related diseases. OSHA’s standard requires employers to take steps to protect workers from exposure to respirable crystalline silica. What is Respirable Crystalline Silica? some operations, respirators may also be needed. Crystalline silica is a common mineral that is found Employers who follow Table 1 correctly are not in construction materials such as sand, stone, required to measure workers’ exposure to silica concrete, brick, and mortar. When workers cut, from those tasks and are not subject to the PEL. grind, drill, or crush materials that contain crystalline silica, very small dust particles are created. These Table 1 Example: Handheld Power Saws tiny particles (known as “respirable” particles) can If workers are sawing silica-containing materials, travel deep into workers’ lungs and cause silicosis, they can use a saw with a built-in system that applies an incurable and sometimes deadly lung disease. water to the saw blade. The water limits the amount Respirable crystalline silica also causes lung cancer, of respirable crystalline silica that gets into the air. other potentially debilitating respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and Table 1: Specified Exposure Control Methods kidney disease. In most cases, these diseases occur When Working With Materials Containing after years of exposure to respirable crystalline silica. -
Ice& Stone 2020
Ice & Stone 2020 WEEK 51: DECEMBER 13-19 Presented by The Earthrise Institute # 51 Authored by Alan Hale COMET OF THE WEEK: The Great Comet of 1680 Perihelion: 1680 December 18.49, q = 0.006 AU The Great Comet of 1680 over Rotterdam in The Netherlands, during late December 1680 as painted by the Dutch artist Lieve Verschuier. This particular comet was undoubtedly one of the brightest comets of the 17th Century, but it is also one of the most important comets in history from a scientific perspective, and perhaps even from the perspective of overall human history. While there were certainly plenty of superstitions attached to the comet’s appearance, the scientific investigations made of it were among the beginnings of the era in European history we now call The Enlightenment, and indeed, in a sense the Great Comet of 1680 can perhaps be considered as one of the sparks of that era. The significance began with the comet’s discovery, which was made on the morning of November 14, 1680, by a German astronomer residing in Coburg, Gottfried Kirch – the first comet ever to be discovered by means of a telescope. It was already around 4th magnitude at that time, and located near the star Regulus in the constellation Leo; from that point it traveled eastward and brightened rapidly, being closest to Earth (0.42 AU) on November 30. By that time it was a conspicuous naked-eye object with a tail 20 to 30 degrees long, and it remained visible for another week before disappearing into morning twilight. -
Downloaded Freely from the Google Play Portal (
1 2 Spiral Galaxy M51. Herrero, E. Image from Montsec Astronomical Observatory (OAdM) 3 4 5 CONTENTS The Institute 6 Board of trustees 8 Scientific advisory board 9 Board of Directors 9 Staff 10 Scientific Research 16 Scientific results 25 Publications SCI 31 Papers in which only one institute is participating 31 Papers published by two institutes in collaboration 39 Papers published by three institutes in collaboration 40 Publications non SCI 40 Papers in which only one institute is participating 40 Papers published by two institutes in collaboration 46 Books edited 47 Courses 47 Contribution to conferences and seminars 48 Contribution to conferences 48 Seminars 59 Internal seminars 59 External seminars 59 Theses 61 Finished Theses 61 PhD Theses 61 Master theses 62 On going theses 62 PhD Theses 62 Master theses 62 Visiting scientists 64 Technological development activities 65 Technical reports and documents 65 Technical reports and documents developed by only one institute 65 Technical reports and documents developed by three institutes in collaboration 69 Technological development activities 69 Finished activities 69 Ongoing activities 69 Projects managed by the IEEC 69 Finished projects 69 Ongoing projects 70 Other scientific activities 72 Space missions 73 Mission proposals 82 Ground instrument projects 89 Montsec Astronomical Observatoyy (OAdM) 95 European Projects 99 Workshops organized by the IEEC 103 Outreach activities 107 Objectives, indicators and achievement 114 6 IEEC ▪ THE INSTITUTE The Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC) was founded in February of 1996 as an initiative of the Fundació Catalana per a la Recerca (FCR), in collaboration with the University of Barcelona (UB), the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC) and the Spanish Research Council (CSIC) with the objective of creating a multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional institute devoted to space research and their applications. -
7 X 11 Long.P65
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85349-1 - Meteor Showers and their Parent Comets Peter Jenniskens Index More information Index a – semimajor axis 58 twin shower 440 A – albedo 111, 586 fragmentation index 444 A1 – radial nongravitational force 15 meteoroid density 444 A2 – transverse, in plane, nongravitational force 15 potential parent bodies 448–453 A3 – transverse, out of plane, nongravitational a-Centaurids 347–348 force 15 1980 outburst 348 A2 – effect 239 a-Circinids (1977) 198 ablation 595 predictions 617 ablation coefficient 595 a-Lyncids (1971) 198 carbonaceous chondrite 521 predictions 617 cometary matter 521 a-Monocerotids 183 ordinary chondrite 521 1925 outburst 183 absolute magnitude 592 1935 outburst 183 accretion 86 1985 outburst 183 hierarchical 86 1995 peak rate 188 activity comets, decrease with distance from Sun 1995 activity profile 188 Halley-type comets 100 activity 186 Jupiter-family comets 100 w 186 activity curve meteor shower 236, 567 dust trail width 188 air density at meteor layer 43 lack of sodium 190 airborne astronomy 161 meteoroid density 190 1899 Leonids 161 orbital period 188 1933 Leonids 162 predictions 617 1946 Draconids 165 upper mass cut-off 188 1972 Draconids 167 a-Pyxidids (1979) 199 1976 Quadrantids 167 predictions 617 1998 Leonids 221–227 a-Scorpiids 511 1999 Leonids 233–236 a-Virginids 503 2000 Leonids 240 particle density 503 2001 Leonids 244 amorphous water ice 22 2002 Leonids 248 Andromedids 153–155, 380–384 airglow 45 1872 storm 380–384 albedo (A) 16, 586 1885 storm 380–384 comet 16 1899 -
AP-42, CH 13.2: Fugitive Dust Sources
13.2 Fugitive Dust Sources Significant atmospheric dust arises from the mechanical disturbance of granular material exposed to the air. Dust generated from these open sources is termed "fugitive" because it is not discharged to the atmosphere in a confined flow stream. Common sources of fugitive dust include unpaved roads, agricultural tilling operations, aggregate storage piles, and heavy construction operations. For the above sources of fugitive dust, the dust-generation process is caused by 2 basic physical phenomena: 1. Pulverization and abrasion of surface materials by application of mechanical force through implements (wheels, blades, etc.). 2. Entrainment of dust particles by the action of turbulent air currents, such as wind erosion of an exposed surface by wind speeds over 19 kilometers per hour (km/hr) (12 miles per hour [mph]). In this section of AP-42, the principal pollutant of interest is PM-10 — particulate matter (PM) no greater than 10 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter (µmA). Because PM-10 is the size basis for the current primary National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter, it represents the particle size range of the greatest regulatory interest. Because formal establishment of PM-10 as the primary standard basis occurred in 1987, many earlier emission tests have been referenced to other particle size ranges, such as: TSP Total Suspended Particulate, as measured by the standard high-volume ("hi-vol") air sampler, has a relatively coarse size range. TSP was the basis for the previous primary NAAQS for PM and is still the basis of the secondary standard. Wind tunnel studies show that the particle mass capture efficiency curve for the high-volume sampler is very broad, extending from 100 percent capture of particles smaller than 10 µm to a few percent capture of particles as large as 100 µm.