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Informing a Tidal Turbine Strike Probability Model Through Characterization of Fish Behavioral Response Using Multibeam Sonar Output

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Informing a Tidal Turbine Strike Probability Model Through Characterization of Fish Behavioral Response Using Multibeam Sonar Output ORNL/TM-2016-219 Informing a Tidal Turbine Strike Probability Model through Characterization of Fish Behavioral Response using Multibeam Sonar Output Mark Bevelhimer Approved for public release. Jonathan Colby Distribution is unlimited. Mary Ann Adonizio Christine Tomichek Constantin Scherelis July 2016 DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY Reports produced after January 1, 1996, are generally available free via US Department of Energy (DOE) SciTech Connect. Website http://www.osti.gov/scitech/ Reports produced before January 1, 1996, may be purchased by members of the public from the following source: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Telephone 703-605-6000 (1-800-553-6847) TDD 703-487-4639 Fax 703-605-6900 E-mail [email protected] Website http://www.ntis.gov/help/ordermethods.aspx Reports are available to DOE employees, DOE contractors, Energy Technology Data Exchange representatives, and International Nuclear Information System representatives from the following source: Office of Scientific and Technical Information PO Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Telephone 865-576-8401 Fax 865-576-5728 E-mail [email protected] Website http://www.osti.gov/contact.html This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. ORNL/TM-2016/219 Environmental Sciences Division INFORMING A TIDAL TURBINE STRIKE PROBABILITY MODEL THROUGH CHARACTERIZATION OF FISH BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE USING MULTIBEAM SONAR OUTPUT ORNL/Verdant Mark Bevelhimer, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Jonathan Colby, Verdant Power Mary Ann Adonizio, Verdant Power Christine Tomichek, Kleinschmidt Associates Constantin Scherelis, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Date Published: July 2016 Prepared by OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6283 managed by UT-BATTELLE, LLC for the US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................................... vii 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 PHYSICAL INTERACTIONS WITH HYDROKINETIC TURBINES .................................... 1 1.1.1 What Is the Issue? .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Existing Tools for Addressing Fish Interactions with Hydrokinetic Turbines .............. 2 1.2 ROOSEVELT ISLAND TIDAL ENERGY PROJECT .............................................................. 3 1.2.1 Background to 2012 ....................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 RITE Project Moving Forward Beyond2012 ................................................................. 5 1.3 STUDY OBJECTIVES AND REPORTING .............................................................................. 6 1.4 ORIENTATION TO THE KHPS OPERATION ........................................................................ 7 1.4.1 The Gen5 KHPS ............................................................................................................ 7 2. DIDSON MULTIBEAM ANALYSIS ............................................................................................... 11 2.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Objectives .................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.2 Approach ...................................................................................................................... 11 2.2 METHODS ............................................................................................................................... 13 2.2.1 Data Coverage .............................................................................................................. 13 2.2.2 Echoview Analytical Details ........................................................................................ 14 2.2.3 Echoview Validation .................................................................................................... 15 2.2.4 Metrics Evaluated ........................................................................................................ 15 2.2.5 Direct Observation of Turbine Interactions ................................................................. 17 2.3 RESULTS ................................................................................................................................. 17 2.3.1 Fish Tracks Count ........................................................................................................ 17 2.3.2 Spatial Distribution ...................................................................................................... 19 2.3.3 General Swimming Direction ...................................................................................... 19 2.3.4 Change in Range .......................................................................................................... 21 2.3.5 Vertical Direction ......................................................................................................... 22 2.3.6 Horizontal Direction .................................................................................................... 24 2.3.7 Tortuosity ..................................................................................................................... 25 2.3.8 Swimming Velocity ..................................................................................................... 27 2.3.9 Direct Observation of Fish–Turbine Interactions ........................................................ 28 2.4 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................... 29 2.4.1 Summary of DIDSON Results ..................................................................................... 29 3. INTEGRATION ................................................................................................................................. 33 3.1 SPLITBEAM DATA ................................................................................................................ 33 3.1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 33 3.1.2 Methods ....................................................................................................................... 33 3.1.3 Results .......................................................................................................................... 36 3.1.4 Discussion .................................................................................................................... 39 3.2 KHPS–FISH INTERACTION MODEL ................................................................................... 40 3.2.1 Description ................................................................................................................... 40 3.2.2 Parameters under Study ............................................................................................... 41 4. DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................................... 45 4.1 INTERPRETATION OF DIDSON RESULTS ........................................................................ 45 4.2 INTERPRETATION OF FISH INTERACTION MODEL ...................................................... 45 4.2.1 ORNL Base Case ......................................................................................................... 46 4.2.2 Verdant P-12611 Case ................................................................................................. 49 iii 4.3 RESULTS OF UPDATE TO THE KHPS-FISH INTERACTION MODEL ........................... 50 5. MONITORING TOOLS FOR TURBINE ARRAYS ......................................................................... 53 5.1 MICRO-MESO-MACRO SCALE ........................................................................................... 53 5.2 ARRAY AND FULL FIELD EFFECTS .................................................................................. 54 5.2.1 KFIM Model to Array .................................................................................................. 54 5.3 OPPORTUNITIES FOR FIELD OBSERVATION.................................................................. 55 5.3.1 Methods and
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