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Understanding Social Media Use and Engagement Among Dermatology Patients to Inform Dermatological Prevention and Care in Vietnam: Cross-Sectional Study

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Understanding Social Media Use and Engagement Among Dermatology Patients to Inform Dermatological Prevention and Care in Vietnam: Cross-Sectional Study JMIR DERMATOLOGY Nguyen et al Original Paper Understanding Social Media Use and Engagement Among Dermatology Patients to Inform Dermatological Prevention and Care in Vietnam: Cross-sectional Study Sau Huu Nguyen1,2, MD; Giang Thu Vu3, MSc; Long Hoang Nguyen4, MPH; Cuong Tat Nguyen5,6, MPH; Thu Hoai Thi Le1,2, MD; Tung Hoang Tran7, MD; Bach Xuan Tran8,9, PhD; Carl A Latkin9, PhD; Wilson W S Tam3,10, PhD; Cyrus S H Ho11, MBBS; Roger C M Ho4,12,13, MBBS 1National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam 2Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam 3Center of Excellence in Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 4Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 5Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam 6Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam 7Institute of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Vietnam-Germany Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam 8Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam 9Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States 10Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 11Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore 12Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 13Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Corresponding Author: Bach Xuan Tran, PhD Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health Hanoi Medical University No 1 Ton That Tung Street Dong Da District Hanoi, 100000 Vietnam Phone: 84 982228662 Email: [email protected] Abstract Background: Social media has emerged as a common source of dermatological information. Monitoring the patterns of social media use and engagement is important to counteract the limitations of social media. However, evidence in Vietnamese dermatology patients is lacking. Objective: This study aimed to explore social media use and engagement by dermatology patients and to identify factors associated with social media use and engagement. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 519 participants at the Vietnam National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology during September to November 2018. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, social media use, and social media engagement were collected. Multivariate logistic and tobit regression models were used to identify factors associated with social media use and engagement. Results: Interest in information about ªcosmetic, beauty, and skincare techniquesº was the greatest (184/519, 46.2%). The mean engagement score was 8.4 points (SD 2.4 points). Female patients were more likely to use social media (odds ratio [OR] 2.23, 95% CI 1.23-4.06) and be interested dermatological information on social media (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.35-7.09). Women also had higher social media engagement scores (coefficient=0.68, 95% CI 0.17-1.18). Higher social media engagement scores were related with Instagram use (coefficient=0.58, 95% CI 0.00-1.15) and higher credibility scores for ªfamily membersº (coefficient=0.15, 95% CI 0.03-0.26) and ªdermatology companiesº (coefficient=0.22, 95% CI 0.04-0.39). http://derma.jmir.org/2020/1/e13424/ JMIR Dermatol 2020 | vol. 3 | iss. 1 | e13424 | p. 1 (page number not for citation purposes) XSL·FO RenderX JMIR DERMATOLOGY Nguyen et al Conclusions: This study discovered high social media usage among dermatology patients. However, only moderate utilization and credibility levels were reported regarding the use of social media as a source of dermatological information. More efforts should focus on involving dermatologists in the development of individualized information on social media targeting specific groups of dermatology patients. (JMIR Dermatol 2020;3(1):e13424) doi: 10.2196/13424 KEYWORDS dermatology; social media; engagement; prevention; Vietnam Social media is frequently used by patients to solicit advice Introduction related to dermatological concerns, has the potential to advance Dermatological diseases are popular health issues and the professional training in dermatology, and can facilitate new leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Skin research methods [36]. Additionally, for dermatology, social diseases contributed to 1.79% of the global burden of diseases media has the advantages of enabling the sharing of visual in 2017; of the skin diseases, dermatitis, acne vulgaris, psoriasis, components such as images and videos that are important for and urticaria represented the greatest burden [1]. Dermatological diagnosis and consultancy. Nonetheless, little is known about diseases are also the most common reasons for health care the impact of social media on dermatology patients in service utilization [2,3], accounting for 8.4% of primary care developing countries. visits [4]. People with dermatological diseases often have low Vietnam is among the countries with a high burden of quality of life [5] and self-esteem as well as feelings of dermatological diseases. A recent estimate indicates that skin stigmatization [6]. However, lack of access to dermatology disorders accounted for 2.3% of the disease burden in Vietnam services, particularly in low and middle-income countries [1], in 2017 [1]. In addition, the growth in internet and social media still challenges the provision of appropriate care for dermatology use in Vietnam is substantial. In 2015, Vietnam had 44.4 million patients. As a result, patients seek other ways for self-treatment, internet users, and this number grew to 55.8 million in 2018 including finding information on the internet and social media [37,38]. Social media has been used widely in Vietnam, with platforms. about 46 million active users of some of the dominant social Internet has played a key role in health care by reducing the media platforms including Facebook, YouTube, Zalo, and cost of health service delivery [7], providing health information Instagram [23]. Despite a call to understand social media use for specific disorders [8,9], delivering behavioral interventions and engagement for seeking health information among [10], reducing harm for adverse health habits [11,12], facilitating dermatology patients or people interested in dermatological physical rehabilitation [13], providing access to potential issues [39-43], no studies have determined social media use in patients during health care crises [14], and supporting caregivers this population in Vietnam. Hence, this study aimed to explore [15,16]. Social media is a popular method of communication social media use and engagement by dermatology patients and [17] that enables internet users to generate information and share to identify factors associated with social media use and their opinions or media (eg, photos, clips) [18,19]. The term engagement. social media encompasses a diversity of platforms such as social networking sites (eg, Facebook, Instagram), blogs (eg, Twitter, Methods Tumblr), or media sharing (eg, YouTube) [20-22]. It is estimated that more than 3.1 billion people worldwide were active social Study Design and Sampling Method media users in 2018 [23]. The use of social media by patients A cross-sectional study was performed at the Vietnam National to access medical information has accelerated with overall Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology (NHDV) from internet use [24]. September to November 2018. The NHDV was chosen due to the diversity of dermatology illnesses and the background of Social media is well-recognized as a useful aid for health care treated patients. As a leading hospital for dermatology and providers to communicate and support patients [25-27]. venereology diagnosis and treatment in Vietnam, the NHDV Moreover, it empowers patients by encouraging active receives patient referrals from health facilities at various levels. information seeking about disease prevention and treatment A convenient sampling technique was adopted to recruit [28,29], providing support among peers [29,30], improving participants for this study. Sample size calculation was self-efficacy and self-management [27], supplementing conducted using inputs determined based on a study of a similar information provided by health professionals [28], and topic in 13 European countries [44]: an expected mean social facilitating the patient-health care professional relationship [31]. engagement score of 0.70, expected standard deviation of 0.20, Social media is a dynamic teaching tool for health professionals and a confidence level of 95%. The calculation resulted in a [32,33] and has modernized dermatology training [34]. Although minimum sample size of 385 participants. We selected from social media is a convenient source for health information, there the pool of patients attending the outpatient department at the is a paucity of literature that has evaluated the quality [35] and NHDV using the pre-determined eligibility criteria of age ≥18 credibility [27] of the information on social media. Therefore, years, a diagnosis of any dermatology disease, receiving services patient misinformation through social media use is a major in the outpatient clinic, ability to provide coherent answers to concern among health professionals [25]. the interview questions, and agreeing
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