INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OR ANIMAL RECORDING (ICAR)

INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT O RECORDING PRACTICES

Approved by the General Assembly held in Interlaken, Switzerland, on 30 May 2002

Copyright: 2003, International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR)

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 4 .... 7 ...... 11 ...... 9 ...... 11 ...... 9 ...... 12 ...... 11 ...... 9 of records...... 5 ...... 13 ...... 10 ...... 6 of parentage of parentage...... 11 animal identification of parentage information methods ...... 10 INTRODUCTION animal identification guidelines ...... 7 ...... 5 animal identities constituents TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... 6 SECTION 1. GENERAL RULES ...... 5 ...... 3 ...... 5 ...... 3 ...... ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ...... 1.1.3 Record of identification 1.1.4 ICAR Standards for 1.1.2 ICAR standard methods of 1.2.3 ICAR guidelines for supervision 1.2.2 ICAR rules on verification METHODS OF RECORDING PERFORMANCE GUIDELINES ON METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION 1.1.1 ICAR general rules on 1.4.1 Basic rules ...... 13 INDIVIDUAL ANIMAL CERTIFICATES GUIDELINES FOR PARENTAGE RECORDING METHODS GUIDELINES FOR PARENTAGE 1.2.1 ICAR Rules on recording SECTION 1.3 - ICAR GENERAL RULES ON What is ICAR? Disclaimer Preamble AND SECTION 1.1 - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS General rules ...... 4 Registration of results and authentication SECTION 1.4 - ICAR GENERAL RULES ON Certificates Recording: basic principles ...... 5 Organisation of recording SECTION 1.2 - ICAR GENERAL RULES AND The recorded herd Recording of parentage Recording milk and Recording other traits for bovines and species ...... 6 Genetic and other valuations...... 6 Publication of results ...... 6 Other ICAR rules, standards and ○○○○○○

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 111 ...... 48 ...... 51 ...... 40 ...... 40 ...... 41 recording of milk traits ...... 48 ...... 48 ...... 41 operations ...... 51 ...... 43 ...... 44 mates ...... 51 standards flock flock method A or B milk recording 2.2.2.4.2 For a ewe ...... 43 2.2.2.6.2 For a ewe ...... 44 2.2.2.3.1 For the flock ...... 42 2.2.2.3.2 For a ewe ...... 43 2.2.2.4.1 For the 2.2.2.6.1 For the 2.2.4.1.1 Information on the milk recording and calculation methods 2.2.4.1.2 Information on the flocks subject to official 2.2.4.1.3 Information on the ewes composition in official method A or B ...... 46 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2.2.1.1 Milking from lambing2.2.1.1 Milking from ...... 40 2.2.1.2 Milking after a suckling period ...... 41 of reference milk yield and production 2.2.1.3 Total ...... 41 2.2.2.1 Responsibility and type of 2.2.2.2 Ewes to be controlled ...... 42 2.2.2.3 First test-day ...... 42 2.2.3.1 Qualitative tests or tests on the milk’s chemical 2.2.3.1 Qualitative tests or on the milk’s 2.2.5.1 Information on the implementation of qualitative milk recording ...... 49 results2.2.5.2 Reproduction ...... 49 2.2.5.3 Other optional results ...... 49 2.2.5.4 Method D ...... 50 2.3.4.1 Lactation of reference...... 51 interval...... 2.3.4.2 Recording 51 2.3.4.3 Milk Recording 2.2.2.4 Frequency and number of milk recording visits and number of milk recording 2.2.2.4 Frequency ...... 43 of milk recording and expression 2.2.2.5 Type ...... 44 2.2.2.6 Lactation calculation clauses...... 44 2.2.3.2 Other types of testing in official method A or B ...... 46 2.2.3.3 Method D ...... 47 results)2.2.4.1 (Obligatory ...... 48 2.2.1. The ICAR standard definitions GUIDELINES FOR MILK RECORDING IN SHEEP 2.2.2. ICAR rules and 2.3.1 Organisation of recording ...... 51 2.3.2 Identification of 2.2.3. ICAR guidelines on optional records ...... 46 2.2.5 ICAR guidelines on publication of results optional recording ...... 49 GUIDELINES FOR MILK RECORDING IN GOATS of goats to be controlled2.3.3 Type ...... 51 2.3.4 Milk recording operations ...... 51 2.2.4 ICAR Rules on presentation of results ...... 47 SECTION 2.2 - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS AND SECTION 2.2 - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS SECTION 2.3 - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS AND SECTION 2.3 - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS ○○○○○○ ...... 38 ...... 16 ...... 24 ...... 21 ...... 20 ...... 35 ...... 20 ...... 26 and/or abnormal intervals ...... 15 on records ...... 16 practices...... 15 lactation calculation ...... 25 lactation calculation recording intervals parentage ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ SECTION 2. - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS AND SECTION 2. - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS GUIDELINES FOR MILK PRODUCTION RECORDING 2.1.4.3.3 Multiple-Trait Procedure (MTP) 2.1.4.3.3 Multiple-Trait 2.1.4.3.1 Interpolation using Standard Lactation Curves (ISLC) 2.1.4.3.2 Best prediction Seasonal production and dry periodsSeasonal production ...... 20 2.1.3.1 Two milkings per recording day is the reference method day is the reference milkings per recording 2.1.3.1 Two ...... 20 recorded not all milkings are ...... schemes where 2.1.3.2 Recording 21 2.1.5.1. Calculation examples by using the Test Interval Method Interval 2.1.5.1. Calculation examples by using the Test ...... 35 calculation methods (centering date method)2.1.5.2. Additional approved ..... 37 to commence:2.1.6.1. A lactation Period is considered ...... 37 to end:2.1.6.2. A lactation period is considered ...... 37 2.1.6.3. Milking period ...... 38 period2.1.6.4. Production ...... 38 2.1.4.1. The Test Interval Method (TIM)2.1.4.1. The Test ...... 21 2.1.4.2 The AM/PM milkings and the T C Methods ...... 22 method...... 2.1.4.2.1 Calculation examples using the multiple regression 23 2.1.4.3 Other lactation calculation methods ...... 24 2.1.5. ICAR guidelines for 2.1.3. ICAR standard symbols used 1.5.1 Basic rules ...... 15 1.5.2 Rules on supervisory practices ...... 15 1.5.3 Recommended supervisory SUPERVISION OF RECORDING SUPERVISION RECORDING MILK AND CONSTITUENTS ...... 2.1.1. General rules ...... 19 19 2.1.2. ICAR Standards for 2.1.4. ICAR standard methods of 2.1.6. ICAR guidelines on the Lactation Period (LP)...... 37 2.1.7. ICAR guidelines on missing results REGISTRATION OF RECORDING METHOD WITH ICAR REGISTRATION 1.6.1 Duties of member organisations operating or approving recording services .... 16 1.6.2 Identification and 1.6.3 Production (milk) ...... 16 1.6.4 Production (meat and other traits) ...... 17 SECTION 1.5 - ICAR RULES ON AND GUIDELINES FOR SECTION 2.1 - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS SECTION 1.6 - ICAR GENERAL RULES ON

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 8 ...... 69 ...... 65 ...... 69 ...... 67 ...... 67 ...... 68 ...... 65 ...... 65 ...... 65 ...... 66 ...... 68 ...... 69 ...... 64 ...... 66 ...... 68 ...... 69 ...... 65 ...... 66 ...... 68 ...... 69 ...... 64 description TRAITS RECORDING recording recording recording recording ...... 67 ...... 66 ...... 68 ...... 69 SECTION 4. – OTHER PRODUCTION 3.1.4.2.1 Symbol 3.1.4.2.2 Method of 3.1.5.3.1 Symbol 3.1.5.3.2 Method of 3.1.6.3.1 Symbol 3.1.6.3.2 Method of 3.1.6.3.6 Reference performance 3.1.4.2.3 Recorded animals 3.1.4.2.4 Mandatory records 3.1.4.2.5 Recommended records 3.1.4.2.6 Reference performance 3.1.5.3.3 Recorded animals 3.1.5.3.4 Mandatory records 3.1.5.3.5 Reference performance 3.1.6.3.3 Recorded animals 3.1.6.3.4 Mandatory records 3.1.6.3.5 Mandatory records for animals slaughtered in the European Union 3.1.3.3.2 Method of 3.1.3.3.3 Recorded animals 3.1.3.3.4 Test procedure 3.1.3.3.4 Test 3.1.3.3.5 Management of the test 3.1.3.3.6 Mandatory records 3.1.3.3.7 Recommended records 3.1.3.3.8 Reference performance ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 3.1.4.1 Field of application ...... 66 3.1.4.2. Description ...... 66 3.1.5.1.Introduction 3.1.5.2 Field of application ...... 67 3.1.5.3 Description ...... 67 3.1.6.1. Introduction ...... 68 3.1.6.2. Field of application ...... 68 3.1.6.3. Description ...... 69 3.1.4. Guidelines for finishing herds after weaning to slaughter ...... 66 3.1.5. Guidelines for official sales ...... 67 3.1.6 Guidelines for abattoirs ...... 68 ○○○○○○ ...... 55 ...... 61 ...... 60 ...... 60 systems organization in charge ...... 55 ...... 55 PRODUCTION RECORDING AND GUIDELINES FOR MEAT ...... 64 charge ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ SECTION 3. - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS 3.1.3.3.1 Symbol Agreement of Recording Practices of Recording Agreement ...... 62 2.3.5.1 Minimum number of recordings ...... 52 2.3.5.2 End of lactation ...... 52 2.3.8.1 Method no. 1 ...... 53 2.3.8.2 Method no. 2 ...... 54 3.1.1.1. Scope ...... 61 3.1.1.3 Symbols ...... 61 3.1.1.4 Definitions ...... 61 schemes3.1.1.5 General rules for all recording ...... 62 to the International 3.1.1.6 References 3.1.2.1 Introduction ...... 62 3.1.2.2 Field of application ...... 62 3.1.2.3 Description ...... 63 3.1.3.1 Introduction ...... 63 3.1.3.2 Field of application ...... 64 3.1.3.3 Description ...... 64 2.4.5.1 Calculation of total lactation production ...... 57 until 270 days2.4.5.2. Calculation of lactation production ...... 58 2.4.1 Purpose...... 55 2.4.2 Organization in 2.3.6 Publication of results...... 53 2.3.7 Establishing weight of milk and content fat protein ...... 53 2.3.8 Calculation methods ...... 53 MILK RECORDING FOR LOW TO MEDIUM AND MEDIUM TO HIGH INPUT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 2.3.5 Date of first milk recording ...... 52 GUIDELINES FOR BEEF PERFORMANCE RECORDING 3.1.3 Guidelines for test stations ...... 63 3.1.1 General rules ...... 61 3.1.2 Guidelines for suckler herds from birth to weaning ...... 62 2.4.8 Authorised milk measuring 2.4.6 Data processing ...... 59 2.4.7 Output produced by the 2.4.5 Milk recording...... 56 2.4.3 Farmers duties ...... 55 2.4.4 Control technicians SECTION 2.4. - ICAR GUIDELINES FOR BUFFALO SECTION 3.1 - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS AND SECTION 3.1 - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 811 ...... 102 ...... 85 in Sweden ...... 90 ...... 88 mastitis ...... 91 SCC ...... 96 ...... 90 ...... 99 ...... 89 ...... 101 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ SECTION 7- GUIDELINES FOR HEALTH RECORDING SECTION 7- GUIDELINES FOR HEALTH 7.1.8.1 Example sire evaluation in the Netherlands7.1.8.1 Example sire ...... 89 evaluation 7.1.8.2 Example sire 7.3.2.1 General definitions ...... 103 information pedigree 7.3.2.3 Interbull recommendation ...... 103 animal ID7.3.2.2 Interbull recommendation ...... 103 7.3.6.1 Summarising mastitis ...... 110 7.3.6.2 Other udder health information ...... 110 7.2.4.1 Health card ...... 94 7.2.4.2 Quality control ...... 94 7.2.5.1 Advantages of lowering somatic cell count ...... 98 7.2.5.2 Natural defense system ...... 99 7.2.6 Milkability 7.2.7 Udder conformation traits ...... 100 7.2.8 Summary AND EVALUATION OF UDDER HEALTH AND EVALUATION 7.1.1 Reader instructions ...... 85 7.1.2 Aim of these guidelines ...... 85 7.1.3 Structure of these guidelines ...... 85 7.1.4 General introduction ...... 86 7.1.5 Recording ...... 88 7.1.6 Prerequisites ...... 88 7.1.7 Prerequisite information ON UDDER HEALTH 7.1.8 Evaluation 7.2.1 Reader instruction ...... 90 7.2.2 Infection and defence...... 90 7.2.3 Clinical and subclinical 7.3.1 Reader instruction ...... 102 7.3.2 Step 0 - Prerequisites ...... 102 7.3.3 Step 1 - Somatic cell count using milk recording systems ...... 104 7.3.4 Step 2 - Udder conformation ...... 105 7.3.5 Step 3 - Milking speed ...... 107 7.3.6 Step 4 - Clinical mastitis incidence ...... 108 7.3.7 Step 5 - Data quality ...... 110 7.2.4 Aspects of recording clinical and sub-clinical mastitis ...... 94 7.2.5 Relevance or lowering SECTION 7.1 - GUIDELINES FOR RECORDING INFORMATION SECTION 7.2 - DETAILED SECTION 7.3 - DECISION-SUPPORT FOR RECORDING SECTION 7.3 - DECISION-SUPPORT ○○○○○○ 3 3 ...... 75 ...... 76 traits ...... 79 ...... 75 analysis ...... 74 definition ...... 75 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ SECTION 6 - FERTILITY RECORDING SECTION 6 - FERTILITY CONFORMATION RECORDING METHODS CONFORMATION ...... 81 ...... 74 ...... 74 ...... 7 ...... 74 ...... 7 SECTION 5 - ICAR GUIDELINES ON REFERENCE 6.1.4.1 Services to consider ...... 81 6.1.4.2 Females to consider ...... 82 6.1.4.3 Day of insemination ...... 82 6.1.4.4 Interval of returns ...... 82 6.1.4.5 Limits of the interval returns ...... 82 6.1.4.6 Exclusion of short returns ...... 82 6.1.4.7 Number of first AI ...... 82 of NRR6.1.4.8 Correction ...... 82 5.1.4.1 Recommended Scale 1 - 9 ...... 76 5.1.4 Standard trait 6.1.5 The NRR related to the date of each insemination ...... 83 6.1.6 The 60 to 90 day NRR ...... 83 6.1.1 Scope ...... 81 6.1.2 Aims 6.1.3 Definitions ...... 81 6.1.4 Rules for calculation ...... 81 c) Time of assessmentc) Time ...... 74 d) Method a) Selection of bulls and size sample ...... 73 b) Traits OF DAIRY CATTLE OF DAIRY 5.1.1 Introduction 5.1.2 Linear type traits ...... 75 5.1.3 International standard 5.1.5 Type inspection system...... 5.1.5 Type 78 5.1.6 Evaluation model 5.1.7 Publication of information ...... 79 5.1.8 Composite traits ...... 79 5.1.9 General characteristics or breakdown for non linear traits ...... 79 Objective Collection of data for Personnel Performance of the bull ...... 73 Assessment of female progeny ...... 73 Publication SECTION 5.1 CONFORMATION RECORDING SECTION 5.1 CONFORMATION

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1: ...... 132 ...... 126 ...... 129 ...... 132 ...... 126 RECORDING DEVICES ...... 125 APPROVAL AND CHECKING OF MILK APPROVAL SECTION 11 - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS SECTION 11 ...... 131 AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TESTING, AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 131 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 10.1.2.1 Statistical treatment and effects in the genetic evaluation model10.1.2.1 Statistical treatment ...... 125 unbiasedness10.1.2.2 Model’s ...... 126 10.1.2.3 Genetic parameters groups...... 10.1.2.4 Use of phantom parent 126 10.1.3.1 Criteria for official publication of evaluation ...... 126 10.1.3.2 System validation ...... 127 of genetic evaluation...... 10.1.3.3 Expression 127 10.1.3.4 Genetic base ...... 127 10.1.3.5 Number of evaluations per year ...... 128 10.1.3.6 Advertising genetic merit ...... 128 10.1.3.7 Use of indexes ...... 128 10.1.3.8 Anticipated change...... 128 site...... 10.1.3.9 Web 128 10.1.4.1 Comparison of animal evaluations ...... 129 and trait harmonization10.1.4.2 Minimum correlations ...... 129 of MACE results10.1.4.3 Validity ...... 129 10.1.4.4 Interbull evaluations...... 130 10.1.4.5 Publication of Interbull (MACE) evaluations ...... 130 10.1.1.3 Pedigree information10.1.1.3 Pedigree ...... 122 10.1.1.4 Genetic defects ...... 123 categories...... 10.1.1.5 Sire 123 of evaluation10.1.1.6 Traits ...... 123 for various traits of interest...... 10.1.1.7 Data requirements 123 10.1.1.8 Number of lactations included ...... 124 10.1.1.9 Data quality ...... 124 10.1.1.10 Inclusion and extension of records ...... 124 of records Pre-adjustment 10.1.1.11 ...... 125 10.1.3 Post-evaluation steps 10.1.4 International evaluation 10.1.2 Evaluation step Introduction Foreword SECTION 11 PART 1 - SCOPE PART SECTION 11 2 - REFERENCES PART SECTION 11 ○○○○○○ ...... 115 ...... 116 semen...... 117 ...... 122 ...... 121 ...... 111 TRAITS RECORDING AND DATA TRANSFER AND DATA ...... 111 ...... 117 SECTION 10 - ICAR STANDARD SECTION 9 - DATA DEFINITION SECTION 9 - DATA METHODS OF GENETIC EVALUATION ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ SECTION 8 - OTHER NON-PRODUCTIVE 10.1.1.1 Assignment to a breed of evaluation10.1.1.1 Assignment to a breed ...... 122 10.1.1.2 Animal identification 9.1.8.1 History of the discussions ...... 117 9.1.8.2 Semen collection centre ...... 118 9.1.8.3 Collection code ...... 118 9.1.8.4 Name ...... 118 9.1.8.5 Identification ...... 119 9.1.7.1 Collection code ...... 117 9.1.7.2 Format for additional information ...... 117 9.1.4.1 Summary of the straw identification as a minimum requirement ...... 116 9.1.4.2 Printing ...... 116 9.1.4.3 Order ...... 116 9.1.6.1 Breed ...... 116 9.1.6.2 Identification of the bull...... 117 10.1.1 Pre-evaluation steps...... 122 GENETIC EVALUATION 7.4.1 Genetic evaluation FOR BOVINE SEMEN IDENTIFICATION CATTLE SYSTEMS IN DAIRY 7.4.2 Presentation of genetic evaluations ...... 111 9.1.1 Object of the guidelines...... 115 9.1.2 Field of application ...... 115 9.1.3 Definitions ...... 115 9.1.4 Straw identification...... 9.1.8 Explanatory notes 9.1.5 information related with the semen collection or processing centre ...... 116 9.1.6 information related to the bull ...... 116 9.1.7 Information related with the SECTION 7.4 - DECISION-SUPPORT FOR SECTION 7.4 - DECISION-SUPPORT SECTION 9.1 - ICAR GUIDELINES FOR STRAW 1 – GENETIC EVALUATION SECTION 10.1 PART

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ :1 42 42 142 ...... 145 ...... 150 ...... 146 ...... 152 ...... 147 ...... 153 ...... 143 ...... 149 milk for sampling milk for sampling ...... 148 ...... 148 ...... 153 ...... 154 recording ...... 142 ...... 144 ...... 145 ...... 151 ...... 142 ...... 143 ...... 143 11.6.2.2.5.1 Cattle11.6.2.2.5.1 ...... buffaloes Water 11.6.2.2.5.2 ...... 142 Goats11.6.2.2.5.3 ...... 1 Sheep11.6.2.2.5.4 ...... 1 Accuracy of measurement at various vacuum levels11.7.1.2.2.1 ...... 145 end vacuum Teat 11.7.1.2.2.2 ...... 145 Accuracy of measurement at various airflow rates11.7.1.2.2.3 ...... 146 Accuracy of measurement with the meter tilted11.7.1.2.2.4 ...... 146 Assessment of the ease carrying out routine accuracy checks11.7.1.2.2.5 ...... 146 Collection of sufficient 11.7.1.2.2.6 Accuracy of measurement at various vacuum levels11.7.2.2.2.1 ...... 151 end vacuum Teat 11.7.2.2.2.2 ...... 151 Accuracy of measurement with the meter tilted11.7.2.2.2.3 ...... 152 Assessment of the ease carrying out routine accuracy checks11.7.2.2.2.4 ...... 152 Collection of sufficient 11.7.2.2.2.5 11.6.2.2.3.2 Installing the meter beside and under cow standing level.11.6.2.2.3.2 ...... 142 11.7.1.2.2.7 Effects on free fatty acids Effects 11.7.1.2.2.7 ...... 147 on free fatty acids Effects 11.7.2.2.2.6 ...... 152 11.6.2.2.4 Calibration device 11.6.2.2.4 Accuracy of measurement at various liquid flow rates 11.7.1.2.1 Mechanical 11.7.1.2.2 The following requirements must be met 11.7.1.3.1 Accuracy of measurement at various liquid flow rates 11.7.2.2.1 Mechanical 11.7.2.2.2 The following requirements must be met 11.7.2.3.1 11.6.2.2.5 Sampling 11.6.2.2.5 Cleaning and disinfecting 11.7.1.3.2 Recording accuracy test 11.7.1.3.3 Handling and operational tests 11.7.1.3.4 Cleaning and disinfecting 11.7.2.3.2 Recording accuracy test 11.7.2.3.3 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11.6.3.1 Meters used periodically for milk recording11.6.3.1 ...... 142 Meters used for daily 11.6.3.2 Conformity11.7.1.1 ...... 144 Laboratory tests11.7.1.2 ...... 144 Conformity11.7.2.1 ...... 150 Laboratory tests11.7.2.2 ...... 150 11.7.1.3 Farm test...... 11.7.1.3 147 Farm test...... 11.7.2.3 152 PROVISIONAL APPROVAL for provisional approval milk meters dairy cattle Tests 11.7.1 ...... 144 11.6.4 Limits of error for butterfat11.6.4 ...... 143 end vacuum Teat 11.6.5 concentration (new) on free fatty acid (FFA) Effect 11.6.6 ...... 143 Cleaning 11.6.7 11.6.3 Limits of error for milk yield11.6.3 ...... 142 for provisional approval milk meters water buffalo Test 11.7.2 ...... 150 SECTION 11 PART 7 - TESTS FOR PART SECTION 11 ○○○○○○ 39 39 139 138 ...... 134 ...... 135 granted ...... 138 ...... 141 ...... 133 ...... 133 ...... 138 a device is ...... 141 ...... 137 ...... 136 ...... 133 ...... 141 milk recording device ...... 137 ...... 140 ...... 141 approval testing panel ...... 141 scale(s) measurement approved testing center an approval test centers ...... 135 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11.6.2.1.2.1 Cattle11.6.2.1.2.1 ...... Display 11.6.2.2.3.1 11.6.2.1.2.2 Water buffaloes Water 11.6.2.1.2.2 ...... 139 Goats11.6.2.1.2.3 ...... 1 Sheep11.6.2.1.2.4 ...... 1 11.6.2.1.4 Remote sampling devices 11.6.2.1.4 Installation of milk meters 11.6.2.2.3 11.6.2.1.1 Structural characteristics of jars 11.6.2.1.1 Graduated 11.6.2.1.2 Installation of jars 11.6.2.1.3 Structural characteristics of milk meters 11.6.2.2.1 Milk yield display 11.6.2.2.2 11.6.2.1 Jars11.6.2.1 ...... 138 11.3.5.1 Provisional approval Provisional ...... 11.3.5.1 134 Final approval11.3.5.2 ...... 134 11.6.2.2 Milk meters11.6.2.2 ...... 141 11.3.1.1 Cattle11.3.1.1 ...... 133 buffaloes...... Water 11.3.1.2 133 Sheep and goats11.3.1.3 ...... 133 11.5.1 Purpose11.5.1 ...... 137 Operating conditions11.5.2 ...... 137 Froth11.5.3 ...... 138 CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE...... Materials11.6.1 ...... 138 Design...... 11.6.2 138 11.4.1 The classification of the current types milk recording equipment11.4.1 ...... 136 Meters counting portions of constant weight or volume11.4.2 ...... 136 Meters counting portions of variable weight or volume11.4.3 ...... 137 Meters measuring continuous milkflow11.4.4 ...... 137 Continuous level 11.4.5 11.3.6 Conditions under which approval of 11.3.6 11.3.5 Completion of an approval test11.3.5 ...... 134 Suspension/withdrawal of a 11.3.7 11.3.8 Approved test 11.3.8 of reference for a testing laboratory Terms 11.3.9 ...... 135 11.3.2 Initial application for 11.3.2 NEW/MODIFIED MILK RECORDING DEVICES ...... General Rules11.3.1 ...... 132 132 11.3.3 Allocation of an 11.3.3 11.3.4 Termination of Termination 11.3.4 SECTION 11 PART 6 - DESIGN, PART SECTION 11 SECTION 11 PART 5 - GENERAL PART SECTION 11 SECTION 11 PART 4 - DEFINITIONS PART SECTION 11 SECTION 11 PART 3 - THE APPROVAL OF 3 - THE APPROVAL PART SECTION 11

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ :111 ...... 169 ...... 176 ...... 171 ...... 174 ...... 174 APPENDIXES manufacturers ...... 170 PERMANENT IDENTIFICATION DEVICES PERMANENT IDENTIFICATION ...... 167 ...... 170 ...... 169 EVALUATION AND APPROVAL OF OFFICIAL AND APPROVAL EVALUATION content (of the front plate, excluding locking mechanism)...... 175 (detection of toxic atomic elements) ...... 175 ...... 167 SECTION 1.1 - APPENDIX A PERFORMANCE 2.1.1.2.1 Characteristics of the plastic eartag plate...... 175 2.1.1.2.2 Plastifying agent of the eartag plate ...... 175 2.1.1.2.3 Proportions of organic, carbon and mineral 2.1.1.2.4 Mineral measurements after burning ...... 169 2.1.1.2 Composition of the device 2.1.1.1 Weight and dimensions 2.1.1.1 Weight 2.1.2.1 Protocols for the different treatments ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Approval code...... Approval 169 Eartag or tested eartag ...... 170 Manufacturer colour...... Reference 170 eartagReference ...... 170 printingReference ...... 170 code Test 2.1.2 Performance assessment ...... 176 2.1.1 Assessment of descriptive parameters ...... 174 Introduction WITH OR PERMANENT PLASTIC EARTAGS WITHOUT MACHINE READABLE PRINTINGS Scope References Definitions ...... 169 test procedure to gain ICAR approval ...... 171 1.1 Application from Foreword 1.2 Preliminary assessment of the eartags ...... 171 1.3 Completion of the preliminary basic test phase ...... 173 1.4 Assigning a test centre ...... 174 1.5 Granting of a test code ...... 174 and field tests assessment procedures ...... 174 2.1 Laboratory tests ...... 174 SECTION 1.1 - APPENDIX A - PART 1 - CONVENTIONAL SECTION 1.1 - APPENDIX A PART Section 1.1 - Appendix A Part Participation in Section 1.1 - Appendix A Part 1.2 Description of laboratory ○○○○○○ ...... 155 ...... 157 ...... 158 ...... 160 ...... 154 ...... 163 milk for sampling ...... 159 ...... 159 ...... 163 ...... 156 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11.7.3.2.2.7 Effects on free fatty acids Effects 11.7.3.2.2.7 ...... 157 11.7.3.2.2.1 Accuracy of measurement at various vacuum levels11.7.3.2.2.1 ...... 156 end vacuum Teat 11.7.3.2.2.2 ...... 156 Accuracy of measurement at various airflow rates11.7.3.2.2.3 ...... 157 Accuracy of measurement with the meter tilted11.7.3.2.2.4 ...... 157 Assessment of the ease carrying out routine accuracy checks11.7.3.2.2.5 ...... 157 Collection of sufficient 11.7.3.2.2.6 11.7.2.3.4 Handling and operational tests 11.7.2.3.4 Accuracy of measurement at various liquid flow rates 11.7.3.2.1 Mechanical 11.7.3.2.2 The following requirements must be met 11.7.3.3.1 Cleaning and disinfecting 11.7.3.3.2 Recording accuracy test 11.7.3.3.3 Handling and Operational Tests 11.7.3.3.4 11.7.3.3 Farm test11.7.3.3 ...... 158 11.7.3.1 Conformity11.7.3.1 ...... 155 Laboratory tests11.7.3.2 ...... 155 Object...... 11.7.5.1 161 Method11.7.5.2 ...... 161 Procedure...... 11.7.5.3 162 Milk meter model11.7.5.4 ...... 162 Statistical analyses11.7.5.5 ...... 163 METERS OF AN APPROVED MODEL 11.7.3 Tests for provisional approval milk meters sheep and goats Tests 11.7.3 ...... 154 for improved model of already approved milk-meter...... Test 11.7.4 160 procedure for samplers of automatic milking systems Test 11.7.5 ...... 161 OF TYPE APPROVED METERS SECTION 11 PART 8 - CHECKING INDIVIDUAL PART SECTION 11 SECTION 11 PART 9 - ACCEPTANCE TEST 9 - ACCEPTANCE PART SECTION 11

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ :8 ...... 213 SECTION 2.2 AND USE OF A MANUFACTURER TESTS OF RFID TRANSCEIVERS SECTION 1.1 - APPENDIX B GRANTING ...... 193 ...... 204 ...... 194 ...... 205 COMPLYING WITH ISO 11784 AND ISO 11785 WITH ISO 11784 COMPLYING ...... 193 ...... 204 CODE FOR ISO-COMPLIANT TRANSPONDERS SECTION 1.1 - APPENDIX C CONFORMANCE ...... 194 ...... 204 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1. Application ...... 206 2 Description of the transceiver conformance test procedure ...... 207 equipment3. Test ...... 209 sheet for ICAR extended field tests eartag approval ...... 191 sheet for ICAR extended field tests eartag approval ...... 192 Introduction Scope References Definitions ...... 195 Description of procedures for manufacturer codes and product ...... 195 Foreword Introduction Scope Definitions ...... 205 Description of procedures for transceiver conformance tests ...... 206 Foreword References STANDARD OBLIGATORY IN ALL SITUATIONS OBLIGATORY STANDARD ..... Section 2.2. Annex 1. Part Ewes to be controlled ...... 213 and expression of milk recording...... Section 2.2. Annex 1. Part 2. Type 213 Section 2.2. Annex 1. Part 3. Frequency of milk recording visits...... 213 Section 1.1 - Appendix A Annex 4 page 1: Recording Section 1.1 - Appendix A Annex 4 page 2: Recording Section 1.1 - Appendix B Annex 1: Application form ...... 199 codesSection 1.1 - Appendix B Annex 2: List of manufacturer ...... 200 Section 1.1 - Appendix C Annex 1: Application form ...... 211 SECTION 2.2 - ANNEX 1: THE RULES AND ○○○○○○ ...... 184 ...... 179 ...... 184 ...... 185 ...... 177 ...... 184 ...... a full approval a provisional approval readability ...... 186 a provisional approval ...... 177 1: Application form ...... 180 ...... 183 ...... 180 ...... 182 as reference printings ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ...... 184 abrasion) and aged tag (with or without treatment) ...... 178 2.1.2.2.3 Unused Tag with treatment (acid bath, alkaline 2.1.2.2.3 Unused Tag 2.1.2.2.4 Protocol for the evaluation of scanning performance ...... 178 2.1.2.1.1 Hot temperatures treatments ...... 176 2.1.2.1.2 Protocol for the acid bath treatment ...... 176 2.1.2.1.3 Protocol for the alkaline bath treatment ...... 176 2.1.2.1.4 Protocol for the abrasive treatment ...... 176 2.1.2.1.6 Protocol for the accelerated ageing process ...... 176 2.1.2.2.1 Protocol for the evaluation of visual readability ...... 177 2.1.2.2.2 Minimum requirements for visual 2.2.1.2 General organisation 2.3.1.2 General organisation 2.1.2.2 Readability assessment 2.1.2.3 Protocol for the evaluation of resistance locking system 2.2.1.1 Experimental plan 2.3.1.1 Experimental plan 2.1.3 Conclusion of the laboratory tests ...... 179 2.2.1 Experimental plan and general organisation ...... 180 (see annex 3)2.2.2 Recording ...... 181 2.2.3 Data analysis ...... 181 2.2.4 Conclusion ...... 182 2.3.1 Experimental plan and general organisation ...... 182 (see annex 4)2.3.2 Recording ...... 183 2.3.3 Data analysis ...... 183 2.3.4 Conclusion ...... 183 3.3 Conditions for the granting of a full approval...... 184 3.4 Conditions for the maintenance/withdrawal of that are to be used 3.2 Conditions for the maintenance/withdrawal of 2.2 Preliminary field tests ...... 180 2.3 Extended field tests ...... 182 of approvals 3.1 Conditions for the granting of sheet for ICAR preliminary field tests eartag approval ...... 187 sheet for ICAR preliminary field tests eartag approval ...... 188 sheet for ICAR preliminary field tests eartag approval ...... 189 sheet for ICAR preliminary field tests eartag approval ...... 190 Section 1.1 - Appendix A Annex 2: Sets of figures Section 1.1 - Appendix A Annex Section 1.1 - Appendix A - Part 1.3 Conditions for granting, maintenance and use Section 1.1 - Appendix A Part Section 1.1 - Appendix A Annex 3 page 1: Recording Section 1.1 - Appendix A Annex 3 page 2: Recording Section 1.1 - Appendix A Annex 3 page 3: Recording Section 1.1 - Appendix A Annex 3 page 4: Recording

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ :811 8 9 9 ...... 246 ...... 246 ...... 242 ...... 239 ...... 230 ...... 242 ...... 246 ...... 249 ...... 241 ...... 243 ...... 243 ...... 227 ...... 249 ...... 249 ...... 228 ...... 242 ...... 243 ...... 243 ...... 242 ...... 243 ...... 242 ...... 242 ...... 242 ...... 228 faloes ...... 229 ...... 22 General Reference value Replacement or repair of meters Reporting the results Sampling equipment Frequency of periodic checking at least once in 12 months .. Frequency of periodic checking at least once in 12 months. Required equipment The principle of the test Quality of the observations/measurings Deviating meters Testing liquid Testing MANAGER” MILK METER ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ PERIODIC CHECKING OF THE “AFIKIM” MILK METER PERIODIC CHECKING OF THE “DAIRY MANAGER” MILK METER PERIODIC CHECKING OF THE “BOU-MATIC M+” MILK METER PERIODIC CHECKING OF THE “BOU-MATIC 3.1.2 Fat ...... 228 APPENDIX 6.1 - “AFIKIM” MILK METER....SECTION 11 3.1.1 Yields NUMERICAL EXAMPLES TEST RESULTS: FARM OF OF (PROVISIONAL) APPROVED METERS AND AND FARMER HINTS FOR THE SAMPLE TAKER EFFECT OF THE MILK METER ON FREE IN MILK ACIDS (FFA) FATTY TEST RESULTS OF FARM FOR ASSEMBLING OF ELECTRONIC MILK METERS SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.2 - “BOU-MATIC M+” MILK METER APPENDIX 6.2 - “BOU-MATIC SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.3 - “DAIRY SECTION 11 3.2 Water buf 3.2 Water 3.3 Sheep ...... 22 3.4 Goats ...... 22 3.5 Protein...... 229 ANALYSIS APPENDIX 4 - STATISTICAL SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6 - PERIODIC CHECKING SECTION 11 SECTION 11 APPENDIX 2 - MEASURING THE SECTION 11 TREATMENT APPENDIX 3 - STATISTICAL SECTION 11 3.1 Cattle APPENDIX 5 - CONDITIONS SECTION 11 ○○○○○○ 224 224 ...... 225 965710-01) ...... 217 ...... 216 ...... 223 ...... 224 ...... 215 968800-82 with glider ...... 223 ...... 223 ...... 218 ) ...... 224 SECTION 6 SECTION 9 SECTION 11 ...... 219 ...... 225 ...... 224 Reference milking unit ...... 224 ...... 225 ...... 225 tubes meter ...... 226 ...... 224 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1.1.1.1 Collapse pressure of the liner 1.1.1.2 Change in liner volume 1.1.2.1 Liners (A-L 960016-83 1.1.2.2 Short milk tubes (including ev. sight glass) 1.1.2.2 Short milk tubes (including ev. 1.1.2.3 Shells 1.1.2.4 Short pulse 1.1.2.5 Claw (A-L 960200-80) ...... 224 1.1.2.6 Long milk tube 1.1.2.7 Long pulse tube 1.1.2.8 Pulsation (A-L HP 102 pulsator 1.1.2.10 Long pulse tube 1.1.2.9 Long milk tube tube Vacuum 1.1.2.11 1.1.2 Specifications ...... 224 1.1.3.1 Water flow rates...... 1.1.3.1 Water 225 1.1.3.2 Air flow rates ...... 225 1.1.1 Tolerances and definitions1.1.1 Tolerances ...... 223 1.1.4 Reference milk 1.1.3 Reference flow rates ...... 225 CLAUSES IF MILKING FROM LAMBING RETURNS OPTION FOR THE EXCLUSION OF SHORT FOR INTERNATIONAL SEMEN STRAWS TRADE ASSIGNED BY ICAR EQUIPMENT AND FLOW RATES Section 11 - Appendix 1.1 Section 11 CLAUSES IF MILKING AFTER A SUCKLING PERIOD REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY IFRN ONRE ...... COUNTRIES 221 DIFFERENT SECTION 2.2 - ANNEX 2: LACTATION CALCULATION SECTION 2.2 - ANNEX 2: LACTATION ANNEX 1: INCIDENCE OF THE CHOSEN SECTION 9 ANNEX 1: BREED CODES ON BOVINE APPENDIX 1 - REFERENCE SECTION 11 SECTION 2.2 - ANNEX 3: LACTATION CALCULATION SECTION 2.2 - ANNEX 3: LACTATION ANNEX 2: CONSIDERATION TO CATTLE TO ANNEX 2: CONSIDERATION SECTION 9 - ANNEX 2: BREED NAMES IN

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ :1: ...... 296 ...... 294 ...... 296 ...... 295 USE OF THE SPECIAL STAMP ICAR special stamp RULES FOR THE GRANTING AND ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1. Establishment of the Special Stamp ...... 293 2. Purpose of the Special Stamp ...... 293 3. Granting of the Special Stamp ...... 293 4. Format of the Special Stamp ...... 294 5. Supervision...... 294 of the Right to Use Special Stamp6. Withdrawal ...... 294 7. Reconsideration Procedure 8. The Use of the Special Stamp ...... 295 9. Responsibility for the Use of Special Stamp...... 295 A Description: Appendix B Dimensions and colour of the special stamp...... 296 C Recording specifications D Policy for the use of ○○○○○○ ...... 271 ...... 271 ...... 259 ...... 280 ...... 282 ...... 261 ...... 267 ...... 277 ...... 261 ...... 259 ...... 264 ...... 273 ...... 277 ...... 257 ...... 267 ...... 273 ...... 264 ...... 253 ...... 257 ...... 259 ...... 264 ...... 267 ...... 271 ...... 273 ...... 277 ...... 261 ...... 257 ...... 287 ...... 284 ...... 253 ...... 253 ...... 280 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Frequency of periodic checking at least once in 12 months. Frequency of periodic checking at least once in 12 months. Frequency of periodic checking at least once in 12 months. Frequency of periodic checking at least once in 6 months. Frequence of periodic checking at least once in 9 mo-nths. Frequency of periodic checking at least once in 12 months. Frequency of periodic checking at least once in 12 months. Frequency of periodic checking at least once in 12 months. Frequency of periodic checking at least once in 12 months. FLOMASTER PRO” MILK METER PERIODIC CHECKING OF THE MANUFLOW 2 MILK METER FLOMASTER PRO” MILK METER PERIODIC CHECKING OF THE “FLOMASTER 2000/ ALPRO MILK METER PERIODIC CHECKING OF THE “METATRON” MILK METER MK 5” MILK METER PERIODIC CHECKING OF THE “WAIKATO PERIODIC CHECKING OF THE “JM 100” MILK MET-ER PERIODIC CHECKING OF THE “LEVEL” MILK METER (NEDAP) PERIODIC CHECKING OF THE “MELTEC” MILK METER PERIODIC CHECKING OF THE “MILKO-SCOPE MK II” MILK METER PERIODIC CHECKING OF THE “MR 2000” MILK METER PERIODIC CHECKING OF THE “TRU-TEST” MILK METERS List of approved milk-meters (at October 2002)...... List of approved 284 milk-meters (at October 2002) approved List of provisionally ...... 284 2001)...... Jars (at March list of approved Provisional 285 SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.4 - “FLOMASTER 2000/ALPRO SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.5 - JM 100" MILK METER SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.6 “L-VEL” MILK METER (NEDAP) SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.7 - “MANUFLOW 2” MILK METER SECTION 11 MILK METER APPENDIX 6.8 - “MELTEC” SECTION 11 MILK METER APPENDIX 6.9 - “METATRON” SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.10 - “MILKO-SCOPE MK II” MILK METER SECTION 11 - “MR 2000” MILK METER APPENDIX 6.11 SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.12 - “TRU-TEST” MILK METERS SECTION 11 MK 5” APPENDIX 6.13 - “WAIKATO SECTION 11 SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.14 - PERIODIC CHECKING OF JARS SECTION 11 TASK FORCE AND WORKING GROUPS ...... APPROVED METERS (MARCH 2001) ICAR CHAIRMAN/CONVENOR SUB-COMMITTEES, SECTION 11 APPENDIX 7 - SURVEY OF APPENDIX 7 - SURVEY SECTION 11

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ GUIDELINES ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ! organization for the is to promote improvement aim world-wide INTRODUCTION Approved on: 30 May 2002 May 30 on: Approved ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ of farm animal recording and evaluation through the formulation of definitions and standards for the for standards and definitions of formulation the through evaluation and recording animal farm of measurement of traits of economic importance. Together with the definitions and standards ICAR establishes specific guidelines for the purpose (www.icar.org). findings of the publish identifying and evaluation, animals, their and performancethe their recording parentage, registration of their standardization of animal recording and productivity evaluation. Its What is ICAR? The International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR) is the Disclaimer The following terms and conditions apply to these guidelines. By using these guidelines you accept offered are guidelines These accountability and Reliability below. stated as conditions and terms the to you by ICAR. No rights may be derived from this publication. Despite the care and accuracy with which the information information the is of prepared, use the this from material resulting may damage indirect contain or information direct that the for is liable incorrect not and/or is ICAR incomplete. warning, prior without changes, and corrections make to right the reserves ICAR guidelines. these of outside (references hyperlinks Certain pictures. and logo’s information, conditions, and terms the to of the domain in www.icar.org) these guidelines will take you to sites of third parties. ICAR is not liable for the information offered there.CopyrightsTo the contents of these guidelines intellectual property rights apply, including in any case copyrights, database rights and trademark rights. You are not entitled to exploit, multiply or of use otherwise the about moreinformation for ICAR trade contact may ICAR.You any of approval prior express without of the contents of these guidelines the with accordance in applicable are conditions and terms jurisdictionThese material.Applicable the prevailing law in *rance. Disputes that have come about guidelines are the of contents the change reserveto right in the We *rance. in applicable the as prevailinglaw first instance subject to the and the text of this judicial declaration at any desired moment as we see fit.

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ # . . . ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ together with the recording methods and the calcu­lation methods used as defined in this Agreement. this in defined as used methods calcu­lation the and methods recording the with together monitor the accuracy and authenticity of records. Member Organisation. certificates. animal. Only information recorded in the manner and to the standards of the Agreement shall be presented as the official record. in that member country. accordance with the Agreement. Recording stand­ards for each trait are given in the ICAR rules methodologies provided these are in agreement with the ICAR rules. organisation recognised by the member con­cerned, as defined in the ICAR Rules. must above defined as herd whole the record, offi­cial an considered be to record a *or herd. whole be recorded. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 3. The recording organisation should record and report additio­nal informa­ti­on that will be useful to 2. The member organisations shall report to the ICAR Secretari­at data items that are recorded, Registration of results and authentication of records 1. Official records shall be calculated by one of the methods defined in this Agreement Certificates 1. Certificates containing recording results may only be issued with the approval of the relevant *ull 2. An official certificate should 3.contain the latest informati­on. Information described in the ICAR Rules on Individual Animal Certificates should be printed on the Recording: basic principles 1. Records should be a true indication of the identity, sex, breed, ances­try and date of birth of the 2.pertaining regulations identity animal the with accordance in identified be must animal recorded The 3. Parentage, production traits and other characteristics including health traits shall be recorded in Organisation of recording 1. Organisations carrying out recordings are free to determine their parti­cular recording 2. The *ull Member Organisation shall ensure that there is satisfactory supervision of any recording 3. Recording Operations Recording can, subject to the consent of the member organisations, be undertaken by any of the approved ICAR methods contained in the ICAR Rules, Standards and Guidelines The recorded herd 1. Any group of animals kept for the same purpose and at the same location shall be regarded as a Introduction ICAR.

methods among member organisations.

while ensuring that there is a satisfactory degree of uniformity within the ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ [email protected] organisation for the standardisation of animal recording and productivity evaluation. definitions Its aim of is formulation to the through evaluation and recording animal farm of improvement promote and standards for the measurement of traits of economic importance. ICAR is registered in Paris, *rance, in accordance with *rench law as an international non-governmental organisation. and Its objects and functions non-profit are detailed in its Statutes. legal agreements into its rules, standards and guidelines. requirements comprehensive More ICAR. of aims the within recor­ding satisfactory for requirements apply to the use of the ICAR Special Stamp. the rules and standards membership. Annual Report to the Secretariat. certificates records its on ICAR of Stamp Special the use to right the has Stamp, Special the of use and in its publicati­ons. withdrawal. planned its of date the of advance in Board the notify shall organisation, recording a of The Board will then immediately notify all other member organisations of that fact and of the date of withdrawal. agreement. approved by the General Assembly of record keeping and evaluation ○○○○○○○○○○○○

These guidelines are available on paper from the ICAR-office: Ragno del Villa ICAR, of Secretariat Via Nomentana 134, I-00162 Rome, Italy Tel: +39-06-86329141, *ax: +39-06-86329263 E-mail: Preamble 1.worldwide a is ICAR) as to referred (he­reinafter Recording Animal for Committee International The 2.incorporate will ICAR members, its affecting legislati­on international and national of recognition In 3. The rules, standards and guidelines laid down in this agree­ment are regarded as the minimum 4. The agreement is designed to allow member organisations a degree of choice and flexibility within General rules 1.up taking of years two within Agreement the satisfy and adopt shall organisation member new Any 2. Each member organisation shall submit its recording rules in one of the official languages and its 3. *ull Member Organisations adopting and satisfying this agreement and fulfilling the rules for the 4.recognition its withdrawing or agreement, the from withdraw to wishing Organisation Member *ull Any 5. The Board may revoke the recognition of a member organisation if latter ceases to satisfy this 5. Rules, standards and guidelines may be supplemented from time to time by additional provisions Updated versions of the Guidelines can be downloaded from the web site at www.icar.org.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ % by the General Assembly in accordance with the ICAR the with accordance in Assembly General the by

may be changed be may

ord has been significantly affected by the health of the animal, the record ord has been significantly affected by an unusual manage­ment practice and/or practice manage­ment unusual an by affected significantly been has ord These

should so state, for example, by severe lameness, sic­kness, mastitis or other disease. environmental conditions, the record should so state. *or example, where completed all or animals a part of the lactation period in the mountains. have ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2.5.rec the Where 2.4. the rec Where ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Statute and Bylaws on the procedure for the approval of ICAR rules, standards and guidelines. 3.Certificate. Animal Individual on Rules ICAR the in given are records milk of publication the for Details Other In the case of matters not covered in the Constitution, the Agree­ment and Rules for Granting the use of the Special Stamp, the Board may take decisions. Such decisions must be reported to the next meeting of the General Assembly. ICAR rules, standards and guidelines productive of recording for guidelines and standards rules, and Rules General covering 11 to 1 Sections constitute animals farm of evaluation genetic on and importance economic of traits non-productive and Agreement. this of part . Introduction . hall be calculated using one of the methods detailed in the ICAR Rules, ICAR the in detailed methods the of one using calculated be hall s ord includes estimates of missing data, it must so state. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ses the publication of the official record should indicate the methods used as given in given as used methods the indicate should record official the of publication the ses their sires and dams the animal’s date of birth, should be shown on official records, where these are known to the Recording Organisa­tion. the Sections of this Agreement. 2.3. The breed, sex and unique identity of the animal and the sire and dam of the animal and of and animal the of dam and 2.3.sire the and animal the of identity unique and sex breed, The served animal at the time of service. The identity, sex and recorded as soon after date parturition of the dam as of possible. birth of an animal, shall be recording as given in the ICAR Rules on Methods of Recording Performance may be used, but the results should be mathematically related to the reference method and a relative reliability factor quoted (see the Rules on Methods of Recording). ICAR Rules on Recording Intervals. Recording Milk and Milk Constituents merit. Official records and certifi­cates may be issued only by organisations approved member by them. organisations and by 2.1.ca all In 2.2. rec the Where groups of animals are clearly distinct breeds or crosses managed in significantly different ways at diffe­rent locations. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Standards and Guidelines on Methods of Genetic Evaluation. 2.groups of ani­mals, provided that those divided into separately recorded The recorded herd can be Recording of parentage 1. The parentage of an animal shall be recorded by identifying and recording the service sire and the 2. Rules for parentage recording are given in the ICAR Rules on Parentage Recording. Recording milk and milk constituents 1.of method approved other Any recording. reference standard ICAR the is method milkings A4/2 The 2. Milk recording can be done at one or more milkings. Relevant symbols to be used are given in the 3. *ull Member Organisations are expected to observe the ICAR Rules, Standards and Guidelines on Recording other traits for bovines and other species The traits should be recorded in the manner defined in the respective ICAR Rules Genetic and other valuations valuations other and Genetic Publication of results 1.genetic and parentage performance, animal’s an of indication true a furnish should records Published 2. All published official records should be to a standardised basis as described in the ICAR Rules.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ' 1 Approved on: 30 May 2002 May 30 on: Approved SECTION 1. GENERAL RULES ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ be unique to that animal. herd. or flock that for unique be must herd or flock a for used number identity The goats/sheep). for (wherecorrectlyidentified being is animal the that evidence thereis providedthat number, original this is not possible, a cross reference to the original number must be maintained). or electronic device. identified using their original identity number and name. Export in reported be must name and number original The name. and number original the show also Certificates, AI Catalogues and in catalogues of important shows and sales. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 1.1 - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES ON METHODS O- IDENTI-ICATION 1.1.1 ICAR general rules on animal identification 1. The recorded animal identity must be the animal's official in member country and 2.identities flock (e.g. state so must record the unique, not is animal individual an of identity the Where 3. The animal s identity 4.must be visible. The animal s identity should be unique and never be re-used. 5. The animal s identification 6. device/method, must comply with legislative requirements. Animals, which lose their identity device must be re-identified and, wherever possible, with their 1.1.2 ICAR standard methods of animal identification 1.brand photo, sketch, tattoo, tag, a by animal the to attached be may number identity s animal The 2. Animals moving from one member country to another should, wherever possible, continue to be 3. In the case of imported animals, where the number has to be changed, the official records should

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ the service. must include the date, the official identity and if available the name of the served animal and the identity and name of the service sire. than four months after the animal has been served. responsible organisation no later than the first recording visit after their occurrence. well as the service sire. date for the breed of service sire. Embryo of case the Surgeonin (e.g. Veterinary a service, by of declaration day a the by farmor on transfer). ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 1.2 - ICAR GENERAL RULES AND GUIDELINES AND RULES GENERAL ICAR - 1.2 SECTION -OR PARENTAGE RECORDING METHODS 1.2.1 ICAR Rules on recording of parentage information 1. The identity of the animal served and the service sire must be recorded on the farm on the day of 2. The insemination records issued by the AI Organisation (or the records kept by the DIY AI user) 3. The recording organisation should record the service information, as soon as possible but no later 4. The sex and identity of the progeny should be recorded on the day of 5.birth and notified to the In the case of embryo transfer the records must show the genetic dam and the recipient dam as 1.2.2 ICAR rules on verification of parentage The following checks must be carried out before a parentage record can be considered official. a) That the served animal b)is properly identified. That the service c)sire is properly identified. That the Date of Birth is within ±6% of the average gestation length for the recorded service d) parentage of That the progeny of the served e)animal is properly identified. supervision That the service sire is verified either by an AI record or by evidence that the service sire was on for guidelines ICAR 1.2.3 In addition the following supervisory checks may be carried out: a) Blood typing or any other recognised method of b)checking genetic parentage. Visual inspection of the progeny. Section 1- General rules ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ way which indicates the presence of an "electronic identification" device. the member country. the identification methods to be used on recorded animals and herds or flocks. the three digit numeric code representing the name of the country in accordance with ISO 3166 data for used be must codes ISO numeric digit Three origin. of country the identify to added be shall transfer and storage. In printed documents the ISO alpha country code should be used. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

4.a in marked be must animal the , device 'electronic implanted an using identified is animal an Where 1.1.3 Record of identification methods 1. The member organisation must maintain a record of the approved identification methods used in 2.legislation, country member the of constraints the within determine, must organisation member The 1.1.4 ICAR Standards for animal identities 1. The animal identity number will be a maximum of 12 digits (including check digits where used) and 2. *or Electronic Identification Standards see Appendices to this Section.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 ! the animal s breeding. *ederation concerned. hormonal treatments. Method. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ value of an animal. record. The following details must be reported: a) The ICAR member organisation b)issuing the certificate. The date of issue of c)the Certificate. The identity number and name of the animal. d) The animal s "original number" and name, if e)different. The name of the register in which the record is held. f)g) The date of birth of the animal. The identity and names of the animal, sire and h)dam and of its grand sires and grand dams. in percentages breed main the animals, bred cross of case the in or animal, the of breed The i)j) The sex of the animal. k) The animal s genetic evaluations. The animal s records of l)production. m) The animal s type classification evaluations. That the animal is a known carrier of a genetic defect, defined by the International Breed n) Any events which have significantly affected the animal's records e.g. Alpage, sickness and o) The location of the animal on the date of the last p)recording. Reference the than other is this where record, the of production the in used methodology The ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 1.4 - ICAR GENERAL RULES ON INDIVIDUAL ANIMAL CERTI-ICATES 1.4.1 Basic rules 1. An official certificate must contain all the information essential to establishing the 2.identity and An official certificate must clearly indicate the recording methods used to 3.produce the official An official certificate must contain 4.the latest information available on the date of issue. indicated. clearly be must this certificate, official an in included is information estimated any Where The following details may be reported: a) The name and address of the breeder of the animal. b) The date of the animal moved to the present location, if other than the c) date of birth. The date of commencement and the end date for each period production record. Section 1- General rules Recording Organisation. This recordings includesundertaken by approvedthat aresystemssupervisedon farm by official an representative recordingthe of and organisationcannot be that themanipulated by or farmer his nominee. Organisation. Recording the of representative official an ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ practices. appropriate ICAR method classification. regularly documented to provide authentication for the records. ICAR approved recording methods and practices. Method A Method or Allthe recordings are undertaken by official an representativetheof B Method or C Method nominee. his or farmer by the undertaken are recordings the All recordings The areundertaken theby or farmer his nominee, byand ○○○○○○○○○○○○

SECTION 1.3 - ICAR GENERAL RULES ON METHODS RECORDING O- PER-ORMANCE 1.recording deciding in freedom of degree a organisations allows 6 Section under Agreement ICAR The 2. *or each type of recording the predominant traits being recorded shall be used to determine the 3. *or official records an ICAR approved supervisory system must be maintained and check data 4. ICAR Members must ensure that any of their associate recording organisations fully comply with

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 # ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ made and calculated must be subjected to supervision by an ICAR member. associate member s records. their own and of their associate records, by registering their supervisory practices with the ICAR Secretariat and by reporting on the checks carried out in the year. cannot be accurate. inaccurate be to known information deleting by or procedures) values (missing information correct the from the official record. the recording or calculation being supervised. checks. spot extra occasional than rather users, to the regulators, and in the annual report of that organisation. individual animals, to maintain the reputation for accuracy, of the recording organisation and of ICAR member organisations. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 1.5 - ICAR RULES ON SUPERVISION O- RECORDING 1.5.1 Basic rules 1. *or a record to have 'official status, the ICAR approved scheme under which the recordings are 2. ICAR members are responsible for ensuring that there is sufficient supervision of members and 3. ICAR members an/or their nominees shall demonstrate that they have sufficient supervision of 1.5.2 Rules on supervisory practices The supervision must ascertain the following: a) That all recordings are carried out using ICAR b)approved methods and equipment. That the recording equipment c)is properly installed, accurately calibrated and properly used. That the animals being recorded d)are properly and clearly identified. That there are routine checks in place to detect and identify information that is inconsistent and e)with it replacing by either information, inaccurate and inconsistent with deal to taken is action That f)did who person the be not must supervisor the person, a by out carried is 'supervision where That 1.5.3 Recommended supervisory practices The following additional supervisory practices are recommended: a)systems, and practices working recording normal the of part be should checks control quality That b)organisations, recording the to reported be should checks control quality routine of results the That c) That an occasional check repeat recordings should be carried out on leading herds, flocks and Section 1- General rules ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ collected. dam of the embryo and the sex of the embryo. period. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

d) The events which started and ended each production period. e) The individual recording day f)production records. g) Any health event recorded for the animal. The dates and h)service sire of any recorded services. The identity and sex of any progeny of the animal. i) If the animal has been flushed to produced ova, the flushing dates and the number of j)viable ova If the animal has been used as a 'recipient the the date following genetic of ET, siretransfer, and k) The fertility l)records of the animal, including its current fertility status. m) Additional traits records and evaluations, such as milkability and locomotion scores. That the animal is dead. n) The number of true recording (no missing values) contained in the record for each production

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 % ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 1.6.4 Production (meat and other traits) a) The method of recording. b) The methods used for checking the accuracy c) of record collection. The methods used for checking d)the accuracy of records processing. The methods used to calculate 'official records . e)manner determined by the Committee. method used, calculated in a The accuracy of the recording Section 1- General rules ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ yield and sample recording numbers. in relation to the 'standard method . ○○○○○○○○○○○○

SECTION 1.6 - ICAR GENERAL RULES ON REGISTRATION O- RECORDING METHOD WITH ICAR 1.6.1 Duties of member organisations operating or approving recording services country. that in used being are methods recording which ICAR inform must organisation member Each methods the of description The change. country a in used methods the when informed, be must ICAR of recording being used in a member country must include the following items: 1.6.2 Identification and parentage a) The method of recording the date birth/breed and sex animal. b) The method of recording parentage. c) The method used and description of d)method of supervision employed. The frequency of recording. e) The methods used for checking f)the accuracy of record collection. The methods used for checking the accuracy of record processing. 1.6.3 Production (milk) a) The method of recording milk yield. b) The frequency of recording. c) Sample testing d)procedures. The number of milkings at which yields and samples are collected if there is a difference between e) The methods used for f)checking the accuracy of records collection. g) The methods used for checking the accuracy of records processing. The methods used to calculate h)'official lactation totals. expressed ICAR, by determined manner a in calculated used, method recording the of accuracy The

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 ' SECTION 2. - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES -OR MILK PRODUCTION RECORDING Approved on: 30 May 2002 May 30 on: Approved a list of approved lactation periods. other recording periods e.g. annual yields. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ approved by ICAR. and Guidelines for Approval and Checking of Devices and Equipment and is monitored and updated by the Secretariat and made available to member countries from time to time. to in the Section 11 and the appendices to this Section. approved methods using basis systematic and regular a on organisations, member the by approved by ICAR. The list of methods is given in the ICAR Rules, Standards and Guidelines for Approval and Checking of Devices and Equipment . 24 a to corrected be should or period milking hour 24 the represent should samples These sample. hour period by a method approved ICAR. 6.1contains period lactation on Guidelines ICAR The used. be can periods lactation approved Only 6.2Period. Lactation on Guidelines ICAR the in described as be shall period lactation reference The 6.3 Apart from the reference lactation period, performance records may also be presented for ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 2.1 - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES -OR RECORDING MILK AND MILK CONSTITUENTS 2.1.1. General rules 1.provisionally or approved equipment using collected samples milk and recorded be should yields Milk 2. The list of approved and provisionally approved equipment is included in the ICAR Rules, Standards 3.referred are milk recorded of contents the analysing for used methods and materials equipment, The 4. The accuracy of the equipment used for milk recording and analysis must be checked by an agency 5. The analyses of the chemical composition of a milk sample shall be carried out on the same milk 6. Duration of recording : the lactation period

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 S x S 1.4x 1.4x

n M n )+I

n n 6 n +M )+I n n-1 +6 *(M n-1 n-1 *(6 )+I 3 n-1 )+I +M 3 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 +6 *(M 2 2 *(6 2 )+I 2 )+I 2 +M 1 +6 1 *(M *(6 1 1 +I +I 1 1 M 6 0 0 recording visit, the symbol T should be used. (Alternative milking). used. milking). (Corrected ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices Number of milkings perNumber day day perOnce milking milkings Three 6our milkings ContinuousMilkings robotic(e.g. milking) Regular milkings not sameat the times on each day week) per milkings 10 (e.g. as the Shown average number milkingsof per day. to milked of times (Number suckled. and milked both are that Animals S) the prefix Symbol R x x 1 x 3 x 4 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 2 2+ 2.1.3.2 Recording schemes where not all milkings are recorded 1.next the at milking different a and visit recording one at milking one at recorded is herd the Where 2.2 Where the herd is recorded at the same milking at each recording visit, the symbol C should be 2+ 2.1.4. ICAR standard methods of lactation calculation 2.1.4.1. The Test Interval Method (TIM) 2 The Interpolation Method is the reference method for calculating lactations. (6Y), yield fat for (MY), yield milk for record lactation the compute to used are formulae following 2 The and for fat percent (6P). 6Y = I 2 6Y = I 2 6P= 6Y * 100 MY Where: 24 the in yielded milk the of place, decimal one to given kilograms, in weights the are Mn M2, M1, recordingthe of day. hours are 6n 62, 61, the fat yields estimated by multiplying the milk yield and the fat percent (given to at least decimal two places) collected on the recording day. year(days) year(days) Intervalbetween recordings per Section 2 - Rules, standards and guielines for milk production recording Minimum Number of Recordings Recordings Interval Interval (Weeks) (Weeks)

outlined in the ICAR Guidelines on Lactation Calculation.. the that ensuring for responsible be shall and country their in operations processing records records are corrected and calculated as specified in the ICAR Calculation. Guidelines for Lactation Recording 7.1methods the of one to according calculated be shall constituents milk and milk of quantities The 7.2 Member organisations shall inform the Board on the calculation methods being used by the Daily 310 1 3 3 1 26 10 46 53 60 310 70 75 4 16 Max 32 38 44 50 55 44 15 9 8 7 6 Reference 5 Method Min 1 3 5 6 7 4 8 9 2 Daily 4 11 22 11 22 10 22 37 18 37 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

7. Calculation methods 2.1.2. ICAR Standards for recording intervals Seasonal production and dry periods Where a herd is dry for a period of the proportionately year, to the the production period. minimum number of visits should be adjusted Guidelines - minimum number of herd recordings should be at least 85% of the normal number of recordings. 2.1.3. ICAR standard symbols used on records 2.1.3.1 Two milkings per recording day is the reference method Recording other than by the reference method must be indicated using the appropriate symbols.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 ! Protein Protein Protein yield (kg) (kg) yield yield (kg) (kg) yield 100 = 3.20 100 = 3.22 100 = 3.15 100 = 3.50 1.386 / 43.32 x 43.32 / 1.386 x 44.18 / 1.422 x 51.31 / 1.618 x 52.18 / 1.824 (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (atyield (atyield x 100 = 4.29 x 100 = 4.25 x 100 = 3.87 x 100 = 3.78 1.860 / 43.32 43.32 / 1.860 44.18 / 1.876 51.31 / 1.984 52.18 / 1.971 (%) (%) (%) (%) Protein Protein Protein content content x x x x x (at (at (%) (%) (%) (%) + 1.935 + 2.005 + 1.889 + 1.908 + content content .678 = 1.386 1.386 = .678 1.422 = .678 1.618 = .810 1.824 = .905 .088 .098 .074 .062 x x x x x (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) Milk yield yield Milk Milk yield yield Milk

+ 1.755 + 1.776 + 1.729 + 1.629 + .962 = 1.860 1.860 = .962 1.876 = .962 1.056 = 1.984 1.984 = 1.056 1.056 = 1.971 .172 .168 .158 .251 number number number number Lactation Lactation x x x x x PM + 1.934 + 1.980 + 1.905 + 1.920 + PM): / ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 21.2 = 43.32 43.32 = 21.2 44.18 = 21.2 51.31 = 25.7 52.18 = 25.7 (AM g C 1999.10.15 2 25.7 4.11 3.15 1.056 C 1999.10.15 0.810 2 25.7 4.11 3.15 1.056 0.810 A 1999.11.28 1 21.2 4.54 3.20 0.962 0.678 A 1999.11.28 1 21.2 4.54 3.20 0.962 0.678 B 2000.01.13 D 2000.02.15 1 2 21.2 25.7 4.54 4.11 3.20 3.52 0.962 B 2000.01.13 0.678 1.056 D 2000.02.15 0.905 1 2 21.2 25.7 4.54 4.11 3.20 3.52 0.962 0.678 1.056 0.905 ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices A 2.322 C 2.356 B 2.204 D 2.837 ID ID DMY (kg) (kg) D(Y (kg) DPY (%) D(P (%) DPP Cow ID ID Cow date Calving Cow ID ID Cow date Calving Cow Length of preceding milking interval: preceding of milkingLength 17:30) (6:30 – 11 hours Date of milk testing: 2000.05.18 Milkin Date of milk testing: 2000.06.16 (AM/PM): Milking Length AM of preceding milking interval: 13 hours (17:30 – 6:30) Date of milk testing: 2000.05.18 (AM/PM): Milking interval: preceding of milking Length PM 17:30) (6:30 – 11 hours intercepts that Note applied the of are formulaeregression slopes and underscored. ○○○○○○ 2.1.4.2.1 Calculation examples using the multiple regression method Example data from an evening milking Example data from a morning milking Calculation of 24-hour daily yields and components for the evening milking Section 2 - Rules, standards and guielines for milk production recording 14 hours for AM milking; <10 hours, 10.5-11 hours, ≥ , and . 11.5 hours for PM milking. ≥ 100 100 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ × × DFY DPY DMY DMY ijk = = represents class of lactation stage (k = 1, 2, , 12) that is calculated as the number represents class of lactation stage (k = 1, 2, represents class of length of preceding milking interval with four levels: <13 hours, represents class of parity effect with two levels: first and later parities, j i k * x * ijk DFP DPP of days in milk divided by 30 plus 1. If k > 12, then k = 12. stage class k for either AM or PM milking for a given trait, and 11-11.5 hours, and 13-13.5 hours, 13.5-14 hours and is the estimated slope for the above mentioned combination of effects. is the estimated 24-hour daily D*Y yield or (DMY, DPY); is AM or PM partial or daily PPY). yield on P*Y, a test day (PMY, =a+b is the estimated intercept for the combination of parity class i, milking interval class j and lactation and j class interval milking i, class parity of combination the for intercept estimated the is ijk ijk ijk ijk ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Subscript a b *or a given yield trait a total number of 96 formulae are to be estimated for calculating DPP, or percentage, D*P Component from milking. yield PM 24 partial or on AM based yield either daily hour on a 24-hour daily basis is calculated by dividing estimated daily fat or protein yield by estimated daily milk yield: I1, I2, In-1 are the intervals, in days, between recording dates. I0 is the interval, in days, between the lactation period start date and the first recording date. In is the interval, in days, between the last recording date and the end of the lactation period. The formulae applied for fat yield and percentage must be applied for any other milk such as components protein and lactose. Details of how to apply the formulae are shown in annex Appendix. Methods C and T the and milkings AM/PM The 2.1.4.2 fat daily (DMY), yield milk daily 24-hour estimating for used is (MRM) method regression multiple A evening or (AM) morning either from yields partial on based (DPY) yield protein daily and (D*Y) yield (PM) milking. *at percentage (D*P) or protein percentage (DPP) on a 24-hour daily basis are then derived using the estimated 24-hour daily yields. The MRM can be severed as a reference method for estimating daily yields and component percentages. The following formula is used for estimating D*Y, or DMY, DPY based on partial milk yield (PMY), partial fat yield AM (P*Y) from yields or daily partial partial to proteinseparately applied yield is formula The milking. PM or AM either from (PPY) or PM milking: y where: y x Subscript Subscript

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 # Predicted Measured Standard lactation curve n ) contain corresponding the expected values for each y ay oflactatio ay D and let E( n , to M 2 , M 1 contain M ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ y 0 25.9 Predicted 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 10 30 35 50 65 27.8 31.7 31.8 32.9 33.0 Interpolated using standard lactation curve Predicted Predicted Measured Measured

5 0

35 30 25 20 15 10

) (kg yield ilk ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices M Day of lactation Milk (kg) Note ○○○○○○ Table 1. Measured and derived daily yields, used to Table calculate the record in progress in the example Next, the record in progress can be calculated by means of the formula for a cumulative yield as follows: [(10 - 1) * 25.9 + (10+1) * 27.8] / 2[(20 - 1) + * 27.8 + (20+1) * 31.7] / 2[ (5 - 1) + * 31.7 + (5+1) * 31.8] / 2[(15 - 1) + * 31.8 + (15+1) * 32.9] / 2[(15 - 1) + * 32.9 + (15+1) * 33.0] / 2 = 2005.3 kg. (see yields daily measured and predicted the through line the below surface the to corresponds This *igure 1). (igure 2. Example of calculation of record in progress. 2.1.4.3.2 Best prediction methods. index selection standard using record lactation a into combined are weights milk Recorded Let vector recorded day. The E(y) are obtained from standard lactation curves for the population or for herd and should account for the cow's age other environmental factors such as season, milking the 100 = 3.19 100 = 3.20 100 = 3.14 100 = 3.51 1.262 / 39.58 x 39.58 / 1.262 x 38.91 / 1.244 x 46.92 / 1.475 x 47.64 / 1.672 1.757 /39.58 x 100 = 4.44 1.746 /38.91 x 100 = 4.49 1.917 /46.92 x 100 = 4.09 1.887 /47.64 x 100 = 3.96 x x x x x + 1.816 + 1.776 + 1.763 + 1.804 + .678 = 1.262 1.262 = .678 .678 = 1.244 .810 = 1.475 .905 = 1.672 .047 .039 Section 2 - Rules, standards and guielines for milk production recording .031 .040 x x x x x 2 / + 1.742 + 1.722 + 1.714 + 1.595 + 1 + i y .962 = 1.757 1.757 = .962 1.746 = .962 1.056 = 1.917 1.917 = 1.056 1.056 = 1.887 .082 .089 .107 .203 ∗ 1 + i x x x x x ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ INT + i y + 1.850 + 1.800 + 1.783 + 1.820 + ∗ 1 21.2 = 39.58 39.58 = 21.2 38.91 = 21.2 46.92 = 25.7 47.64 = 25.7 − i INT ()() [] C 1.099 A 0.364 D 0.867 B 0.748 ID ID DMY (kg) (kg) D(Y (kg) DPY (%) D(P (%) DPP 1 n = Cow Date of milk testing: 2000.05.18 (AM/PM): Milking Length AM of preceding milking interval: 13 hours (17:30 – 6:30) intercepts that Note appliedtheofslopes regressionand are formulae underscored. i ○○○○○○○○○○○○ ∑

Calculation of 24-hour daily yields and components for the morning milking 2.1.4.3 Other lactation calculation methods 2.1.4.3.1 Interpolation using Standard Lactation Curves (ISLC) 305-day and yields day test missing Curves' Lactation Standard using 'Interpolation method the With representing curves lactation standard separate of use makes method The predicted. are projections the expected course of the lactation, for a certain herd production level, age at calving and season calving after that fact the curves, lactation standard using interpolation By trait. yield and calving of milk yield generally increases and subsequently decreases is taken into account. The daily yields are where: yi = yield; INTi daily = ith the the interval in days between the daily yields nyi and yi+1; = total number of daily yields (measured daily yields and predicted daily yields). The next example illustrates the calculation of a record determinedarein for yields milk daily yield, determinelactation progress. the To The lactation. the of 65 day cow 35 and was tested at day day 0, 10, 30 and 50 of the lactation, by means of the standard lactation curves. The daily yields are in Table 1. predicted for fixed days of the lactation: day 0, 10, 30, 50 etc. The cumulative yield is calculated as follows:

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ "

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 % represent the 0 c at day t of the lactation. k

k k k k * P S M

* * * P P P S S S M M M A C C A C B A B B B C A

= = k = = y c

is to be estimated from the available test-day records. Let c ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ The parameters A, B, and C need to be estimated for each for allow would MTP of Use correlations. yield these incorporate would MTP and correlations, trait. phenotypic The yield traits have high the prediction of yields even if data were not available on each test day for a cow. The parameters to vector be estimated of for one cow are designated: where M, and *, P represent milk, fat, and protein, respectively, and score. The S vector represents somatic cell be the vector of yield traits and somatic cell scores on test corresponding parameters estimated across all cows with the same production characteristics as the cow in question. Let

gives n , to P 2 , P 1 for first lactations first for I or P or n , to* )=.995 2 2 )] y , * 1 , M 1 - E( y [ with * n -1 ) y , to M 2 , M 1 Section 2 - Rules, standards and guielines for milk production recording y = A + Bt ± Cexp(-0.05t) + e covary as a function of the recording interval between them (I). y MY = E(MY) + Cov(y, MY)' Var( ) are the population or herd variance for that recording day and off-diagonals and day recording that for variance herd or population the are ) y ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ for later lactations. Covariances of one observation with the lactation yield, for example I , MY), are the sum of 305 individual covariances. E(MY) is the sum of 305 daily expected 1 ○○○○○○○○○○○○

With best prediction, predicted milk yields have less variance than estimated true yields milk have yields. more With variance TIM, than true yields. The reason regressed is toward that the predicted mean yields unless are all 305 daily yields are predicted observed. MY for a With lactation without any best observed yields are prediction, is yields daily E(MY) no which the if is undefined the is population MY or estimated herd the TIM, With season. and age that of cow a for mean recorded. Milk, fat, and protein yields can be processed separately using single-trait best prediction or jointly M of Replacement prediction. best multi-trait using Cov(M where y is yield on day t of lactation, A, B, and C are related to the shape of the lactation curve. frequency, etc. The yields in Var( in elements Diagonal Corr(M as such functions similar or autoregressive from obtained are 2.1.4.3.3 Multiple-Trait Procedure (MTP) The Multiple-Trait Procedure predicts 305-d lactation yields for milk, fat, incorporating protein information about and standard lactation SCS, lactation curves standard and and variances, covariances relative between their milk, by fat, weighted are and yields day Test SCS. and yields protein the arein calving used of season and age, region,breed,number, similar lactation of cows curvesof long handle can procedure multiple-trait The cow. each for parameters curve lactation of estimation intervals between test days, test days with milk only recorded, and can make 305-d predictions on the basis of just one test day record per cow. The procedure also lends itself to the calculation of peak yield, day of peak yield, yield persistency, and expected test-day yields, which could be useful management tools for a producer on a milk recording program. standard incorporating approach an with conjunction in model Wilmink's upon based is method MTP The curve parameters for cows with the same production characteristics. Wilmink's function for trait one is values. Lactation milk yield is then predicted as: or .992 the single-trait predictions for fat or for protein. Multi-trait predictions require larger vectors and matrices but similar algebra. Products of trait correlations and autoregressive example, may correlations, provide the needed for covariances.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 ' ignoring the zero rows , 3.130 2.619 k R

0 0 0), 0 0 k (M k y’ . 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 (t) ) -1 MM r ) (kg) (kg) (kg) SCS t X + G -1 (X’R = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = k 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 exp(-.05 t is the regular inverse of the nonzero submatrix within

k R ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 15 0.47237 28.8 2 3 4 54 188 250 0.06721 0.000083 0.0000037 23.7 29.2 20.8 0.97 1.12 0.78 0.87 2.157 2.463 ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices No. DIM= Test Test Milk (at Protein Table 1. Example testdayfor Table data 1. Example cow. a ○○○○○○ confusing for dairy producers, so that regional differences of Estimation breed. particular a for in regions all for used be variance-covariance would parameters of set one matrices and ignored were G is described later. If a cow has a test, but only milk yield is reported, then The inverse of Example Example calculations *our test day records on a 25 mo old, Holstein cow calving in June from Ontario are given in the table below. and and columns. Thus, missing yields can be accommodated in MTP. the during records test-day of number the on depends totals lactation 305-d predicted of Accuracy lactation and DIM associated with each test. Thus, any prediction procedure will require reliability figures to be reported with all predictions, especially if fewer tests at very uses irregular that applied intervals is are procedure approximate an moment the At recording. milk in frequent be to going the inverse elements of and represents and vary depending vary k c R ) t and G ) 0 t ). 2 (t k k 2ij y X β would be determined by 1 1 k k - k - o c R R ' k ' k -1 ) 0 0 of R t X X ij of lactation. The elements of this matrix were (t) + 1 1 t = = 1ij n n k k ∑ ∑ β y + G Section 2 - Rules, standards and guielines for milk production recording -1 = = is a matrix of order 4 that contains the variances and y + k X 1 - 0ij 1 - β R ′ R ′ ) 0 0 0 t X X test at day ) c = X’R = c ) (t) = -1 th ij k r X + G -1 is constructed as follows: , (X’R k ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ = = 0 exp(-0.05 X k as covariables. Thus, element 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 t 0 1 0 t 1 0 t 0 1 0 t 0 0 0 0 0 exp(-0.05 X' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 exp(-0.05 0 0 exp(-0.05 2 t and t is the number of tests for that cow. R n ○○○○○○○○○○○○

the cow to cow variation in these parameters, which includes genetic and permanent environmental permanent and genetic includes which parameters, these in variation cow to cow the for parameters The cows. between covariances genetic ignores but effects, on the breed, but must be known. Initially, these matrices were allowed to varyCanada to regionwereof allowed by matrices these Initially, known. breed,be the must on but records production identical with cows two exist could there that meant this but breed, to addition in one cow was in region and the other another because on the same days in milk, but region, then the accuracy of their predictions would be different. This was considered to be too The incidence matrix, The MTP equations are: where and and derived from regression formulas based on fitting phenotypic variances and covariances of yields to models with G is a 12 x 12 matrix containing variances and covariances among the parameters in parameters the among covariances and variances containing matrix 12 x 12 a is G covariances among the yields on

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ &

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 ! 0 -216515.9 0 0 -1261220 0 0 0 -0.2011 0 0 0 -0.585594 2036.696 0 0 8337.366 0 0 0 0.002507 0 0 -0.00712 = = 0 0 0 0 = 0.1479068 54.446977 -56.01333 0.3306741 = -.345947 26.830915 -17.40281 -.041445 = = 0 0 0 4 0 3 2 1 .0329465 0 0 .0251039 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R 0 .0251039 0 0 .3981981 R -7.943903 -56.01333 0.0316069 0.3306741 317.9609 -.92601 -.92601 0.3654369 0.2620161 0.1479068 -7.943903 0.0316069 0.1685584 0.345947 -4.851935 0.0254775 R -4.851935 -17.40281 0.0254775 187.18579 -0.041445 -0.584885 -.584885 0.3365425 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R 0 .0151259 0.0080354 0 0 0 0.0080354 0 0.3334553 -3.277253 0 0 0.0159958 0 0 -18.22036 0 0 0.1014891 0 0 0.1071767 0 0 -0.136926 0 0 of order 12 is the same for all cows of the same breed, and is shown in partitioned 6 x 6 6 x 6 G ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 7715.8655 0 0.0081987 0 -17488.1 0 23.298605 0 0 -0.01643 0 1758757 0 0 1.235102 6 x 6 x 6

ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Upper Left Upper Right form: The inverses of the residual variance-covariance matrices for yields for the four test days are as follows: The matrix

2 2 2 2 2 2

t t t t t t 2 2

t t

2 2 t t - .000056 - .000001743 - .000001796 + .0004977 + 0.0000163 t t t t t - .000006105 + .000001586 + .0000302 + .000000926 t t t t + .0000005636 t Section 2 - Rules, standards and guielines for milk production recording 0.066 - .000267 - .0404 + .000369 - .000083 3.0404 0.1312 - .000725 0.1312 2.4365 - .013274 2.4365 71.0752 - .281201 0.0739 - .000386 0.0739 - .0386 + .000292 2.0504 - 0.008286 2.0504 -1.7993 + .013209 = 0.172253 0 27.533957 .024306 — c -2.996587 0.874776 .000044 — 0.801297 .000208 — .109917 — 2.042824 0.001917 0.997263 (t) = = (t) (t) = = (t) = (t) (t) = = (t) (t) = = (t) = (t) = (t) (t) =(t) =(t) (t) =(t) )) )P )S PP PS SS M) MP MS MM r r r r r r r r r r ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ matrices for each test day need to be constructed. These matrices are derived from regression from derived are matrices These constructed. be to need day test each for matrices k ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Notice that two tests do not have fat cow, comparable available and all on based parameters curve standard protein of vector The large. and yields, irregular and that intervals between tests are is R The equations. The equations for Holsteins were:

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ !

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 !! = = 0.3192604

o c = 0.3174273 -1 y -137.8976 -137.8976 0.2378446 G -0.002795 2.2183526 624.94513 1.1512642 3441.8785 -0.380704 0.7334103 -7.895393 0.0169737 -1 X’R 1.813004 257.30912 0.24295 18.048269 2762.4114 3.6520902 653.97454 0.0166432 4.9935515 678.86668 0.6708264 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ and eter among traits gave much smaller prediction Section 2 - Rules, standards and guielines for milk production recording 6 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 6 x 6 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11783844 684.32233 -205.6737 -34434.43 -2.137195 0.8455549 -.039387 -2.137195 -0.002642 1.4336329 191.42681 0.1801651 38859.772 3.5902121 0.0759252 11814.771 0.7230498 9.125325 4218.8356 -1.253252 0.0041365 -0.023239 -1.253252 -.001563 81.277893 11684.901 1.8078249 2002612.9 98.228104 0.1212006 6 x 6 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 6 135.02387 135.02387 0 0 -0.425106 0 0 -.326758 -17.73328 -.021917 0.0055107 0.1499179 0.001908 Lower Right Lower Right -12.79584 -1755.458 -.326758 0.0902237 13.714392 0.0055107 8761798.3 0 7.648804 0 -29796.5 0 0.2667083 0 0 0 -0.04183 18672.44 0 0 0.021171 -1755.458 -294917.5 -73.41614 -17.73328 -11470.26 13.714392 -11470.26 2762.2093 -2030482-1.174292 -1.174292 -64.03474 0.2892287 -64.03474 .1499179 59.928675 59.928675 -.078612 -0.002758 11566.49 -.002758 -0.14526 -.14526 -0.000187 505.14668 69884.681 12.607147 -1.510895 -205.6737 -.039387 0.4786468 66.824686 0.0184957 -0.19804 9.125325 -0.023239 And the And the = X Upper Left Upper Right And the -1 ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Note that many covariances between different parameters of the lactation curves have been set to zero. When all covariances were included, the prediction errors for individual cows very large, possibly because the covariances were highly correlated to each other within and between traits. Including only covariances between the same param errors. The elements of the MTP equations of order 12 for this cow are shown in partitioned format also: X’R

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ !

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 !# in gms Butterfat Butterfat percentage percentage weighed in kg in weighed Quantity of milk of days days of Number Number Date of recording recording ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices Data: Calving March 25 April May June July August August September 8 October November 6 5 December 14 2 7 28 30 25 Beginning of lactation: 30 lactation:of End 27 26 28.2 32 22 Duration of lactation period: 28 26 20 24.8 (weighings): testings of Number 26.6 32 26 20.2 23.2 3.65 28 17.8 13.2 3.45 3.40 029 1 9.6 5.8 3.85 3.55 10 March 26 4.4 856 days 284 4.05 4.45 904 778 824 4.65 3 January 4.95 721 587 5.25 446 287 231 ○○○○○○ 2.1.5. ICAR guidelines for lactation calculation 2.1.5.1. Calculation examples by using the Test Interval Method Section 2 - Rules, standards and guielines for milk production recording = = 0.3339813 28.875659 .028768 — c .454583 — 0.9842104 .000124 — 0.8375506 .00034 — .038198 — 2.084599 0.0017539 1.9446955 )) 305 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Cexp(-.05t + Bt 46665(B) + 19.504162(C), + + ( 1 = t 305 ∑ = 305 ○○○○○○○○○○○○ Y

The solution vector for this cow is predictTo 305-day yields, Y = 305(A) is used separately for each trait (milk, fat, protein, and SCS). The results for this cow were 7456 daily average an give to 305 by divided is SCS for result The protein. kg 239 and fat, kg 301 milk, kg SCS of 2.477.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 !% kg Butterfat Total milk kg milk kg fat % % fat Butter No of No of interval daysper milk milk kg Quantity of 3.83% 3.83% ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ x 100 = = 100 x Date of recording recording 4 866 866 4 186.575 and service has been recorded, or if no service event has been recorded taking place after at least recorded. event was birth since the previous elapsed has period gestation of the normal 75% Total quantity of butterfat (kg) = 187 187 = (kg) butterfat of Total quantity I CA R I nternationalof Recording Practices A greem ent April May June July August August September October November 8December 6 5 4 866 = (kg) milk: of Total quantity 7 2 25 30 Average butterfat 28.2 percentage: 27 24.8 22 26.6 20 28 23.2 28 20.2 13.2 17.8 3.65 28 3.45 28 3.40 790 9.6 28 28 694 28 5.8 3.55 4.4 745 3.85 4.45 28.820 4.05 28 23.957 650 28 566 25.323 28 370 4.65 498 4.95 23.061 5.25 21.776 269 16.447 20.185 162 123 12.499 8.039 6.468 866 4 186.577 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2.1.5.2. Additional approved calculation methods (centering date method) 2.1.6. ICAR guidelines on the Lactation Period (LP) 2.1.6.1. A lactation Period is considered to commence: a)or birth. gives the day animal The b)production milk commenced animal the that day of estimate best the date, birth a of absence the In c)a if period gestation the of point mid the after place taking parturition a as defined is birth a When abortion ‘end pregnancy/ an as recorded be shall definition the above outside falling parturition Any period. new a lactation not start shall and days. be 280 length shall gestation the normal breeds 9or cows of dairy 9or goats and sheep, the normal gestation length shall be 150 days. contents and yield the milk date, start the lactation of days within 4 falls date recorded the first If record. of the lactation official part should not visit form recorded at the first 2.1.6.2. A lactation period is considered to end: 1. or completed been has ICAR by or the member by defined as period the lactation that day The

3.234 742 26.389 797 27.648 27.648 20.817 20.980 17.008 16.541 797 564 532 403 365 200 143 9.536 7.253 ) 771 26.400 = 3.82% 3.82% = 029+856) (1 (904+824) (824+778) (778+721) (721+587) ) (856+904 Section 2 - Rules, standards and guielines and standards Rules, - 2 Section form ilkproduction recording (587+446) (446+287) (287+231) x 100 100 x 4 973 4 973 4.4 231 62 Days kg milk gr.butterfat kg milk kg butterfat

Mar 26 Mar - 8 Apr 14 28.2 029 1 395 14.410 Interval both days included Apr 9 - May 6 28 Daily production (28.2+24.8) Sum milk: of Total quantity butterfat of Total quantity Average butterfat percentage kg 973. 4 kg 190 284 190.216 4973 190.216 8 July 3 Aug. - 2 Aug. - 31 Aug 30 26 Aug - (23.2+20.2) 26 Sept. 28 25 Sept. - (20.2+17.8) 26 28 Oct. 27 Oct. (17.8+13.2) - 2 32 23 Nov. (13.2+9.6) 22 Nov. - 2 21 26 Dec. 20 Dec. (9.6+5.8) 2 - 2 28 3 Jan. (5.8+4.4) 2 2 14 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 7 May - June 5 30 (24.8+26.6 2 2 June 6 - 7 July 32 (26.6+23.2) 2 2 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

Computation by using the Test Interval Method Interval Test the using by Computation (continued)

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ !$

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 !' Milk (kg) (at % Protein % 3.0 3.0 99.9 3.0 1.5 99.9 2.0 9.0 12.0 1.0 1.0 7.0 9.0 Min Min Max Min Max Min Max Vacation (once per year). per (once Vacation Out of range (see note 5). Sickness, animal injury, under treatment or on heat (see note 6). Disaster (reason must be reported). No sample test results. a) *or a 25 hour b)interval (24/25) x *or a 20 hour 35 intervalkg = 33.6 kg (24/20) x 35 kg = 42 kg • • • • • ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Breed average higher than 5.0 for fat %. %. fat for 5.0 than higher average Breed or all of them can be missed (missing values). reported. treatment, or ‘on heat must be used in the computation of the lactation record unless the milk yield is less than 50% of the previous milk yield or less than 60% of the predicted yield. In such a case, the whole set of daily test values may be considered as missing. or by more sophisticated procedures approved by ICAR. value for the acceptable range. This rule does not apply to the recordings at the beginning and at the end of the lactation. test value when computing the lactation record. If the first recording occurs 15 to 80 days from calving, then an adjustment procedure may be applied. used also for the last period to compute the yields. Dairy Main Breeds Cattle High *at Breeds Cattle * Goats Sheep * . value a‘missing as considered be will value test daily the ranges, these of Outside 0.3 0.3 30.0 30.0 2.0 2.0 9.0 15.0 1.0 1.0 7.0 9.0 ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 2.some or one recording, of day given a on animal given a for values test daily of set a is ‘recording A 3. to: due be can Values ‘Missing 4.be should lactation the in recordings protein) and fat (milk, complete and official the of number The 5. Range of the daily test values. 6. The true daily test values collected from animals labeled by the farmer as sick, injured, under 7. Estimates of the missing values of a daily test can be computed by using interpolation procedures 8. *or any ICAR method the interval between two consecutive recordings must routinely fulfil the 9.first the to required is adjustment no then calving, from days 14 within occurs recording first the If 10. If the 305th day of a lactation falls before the last recording, the interpolation method should be Section 2 - Rules, standards and guielines for milk production recording ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ sampled and recorded in 24 hours on the day of recording. When herds are normally milked at intervals such that the test day is other than 24 hours, the yields shall be adjusted to a 24 hour interval using the following procedure (or other procedures approved by the ICAR Board): Divide 24 by the interval, then multiply by the yield. *or example: The day that the animal ceases to give milk (goes dry) or The animal is suckled in any recording day other than the first in the lactation period or The day the animal gives less than the ‘minimum standard quantity of milk for the species (unless recorded sick/absent). The minimum standard quantity is:- a) Cows < 3 kg/day or < 1.0 b)kg/milking. Goats/Sheep < 0.2 kg/day or 0.05 kg/milking. may be used, or the animal may be assumed to be dry the day after it was last recorded to be in milk or When it is normal practice not to record the dry date, the day of the midpoint between the last recording with the cow in milk and the first recording day with the animal dry may be assumed to Date. Dry the be The lactation period ends on which ever date of 1 or 2 above occurs first. Animals may be recorded as absent or sick on recording days, without such an event ending the lactation period. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

2.1.6.3. Milking period date start period lactation the after period significant a for suckled are which animals of case the In (e.g. some sheep) the lactation record should be expressed as a ‘milking period record. defined as ends and suckled last was animal the after day the begins MP) (symbol period milking The for the lactation period. 2.1.6.4. Production period In the case where yield records are calculated on the basis of a ‘period of production , usually a the year, record should be expressed as a ‘production period record (symbol PP). The production period beginning the day after the last production period ended and ending as defined by the length (in days) of the production period. 2.1.7. ICAR guidelines on missing results and/or abnormal intervals 1. A daily test value is the best estimate of the yield and the components of the milk weighed, 2. When it is normal practice to record dry dates, in the absence of a date, the due to dry off date

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ !&

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 " ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ identification of animals by tattooing (or by other forms of which marking are considered secure) on or the basis of a electronic national system providing identification a single number for the animals within or between flocks. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 2.2.1.2 Milking after a suckling period The ewes are milked after a suckling period for the lambs or after a combined suckling plus milking period. Milk yield during the milking-only period is therefore somewhat less lactation: than only the downward total phase of the milk lactation curve is yield recorded in almost during all cases, and the lactation peak falls within the initial suckling (or suckling plus partial milking) period. The length of the milking-only period equals the lactation length minus the suckling length. Through the incorrect use of language, we often speak broadly of lactation calculations, whereas here it is strictly used for the milk yield calculation using the milking only period. 2.2.1.3 Total milk yield and production of reference Either the total milk yield per lactation or the milk yield according to during whether mechanical/by milking-only hand milking starts period from lambing is or whether it calculated, starts after a suckling period. Because the breeding systems may differ very much (breed), from it is area impossible to (breed) define a to standard lactation area length or a standard milking length breed each (of for approvedorganizationdefine, the the that thereforerecommend We period): milking-only reference a or lactation per production reference a number), lactation or (age ewes of category and length standard chosen The system. breeding the to according period, milking-only the for production (in days) must be declared with the publication of the results. 2.2.2. ICAR rules and standards method official for cases all in applicable standards and rules obligatory the all describes chapter This A or B milk recording. 2.2.2.1 Responsibility and type of recording employee an or employee State a by out carried are below described operations recording various The tester official an by undertaken being itself recording milk (the organization registered officially an of of the organization in the method A, and by the farmer or his employee in the method B) : • of milk recording on farms. If the suckling

part

Section 2 - Rules, standards and guielines for milk production recording is the sum of the milk yield of the suckling period (milk suckled, or corresponds to the period during which the ewe is milked once the lamb(s) the once milked is ewe the which during period the to corresponds is equal to the sum of the suckling length plus milking-only length: it is also the also is it length: milking-only plus length suckling the of sum the to equal is corresponds to the suckling period of lambs or the simultaneous suckling and ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ If the lambs only suckle during the colostral phase, the suckling length is considered is length suckling the phase, colostral the during suckle only lambs the If . If there is an initial suckling phase, milk yield during this suckling period is equal either to either equal is period suckling this during yield milk phase, suckling initial an is there If . period is not of zero length, the milk yield in dairy sheep only takes into account exclusive milking finishes and weaned fully are lambs the once starts (which period milking-only the of length the and off). dries ewe the when difference in days between the date of lambing and the date of drying off. total milk yield per lactation milk suckled plus that milked) plus the milk yield during the milking-only period. a be can milking exclusive during yield milk the Only to be zero be to the milk suckled if suckling only, or to the milk suckled plus that milking during the suckling period. milked should there be partial length milking-only the has (have) been weaned and until drying off. length lactation the the suckling length suckling the period. milking ○○○○○○○○○○○○

The following situations therefore arise: • • • • SECTION 2.2 - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES -OR MILK RECORDING IN SHEEP 2.2.1. The ICAR standard definitions of milk traits The following terms will be used to describe all possible livestock breeding systems: • 2.2.1.1 Milking from lambing dairy with case the usually is as over) is phase colostral the (once lambing after milked are ewes The cattle. colostral the counting (not equal thus are period milking-only the of length the and length lactation The phase). Milk yield during exclusive milking equals the total milk yield during lactation.

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the individual milk yield of suckling ewes or suckling plus milked ewes simply and accurately (conditions accurately and simply ewes milked plus suckling or ewes suckling of yield milk individual the recording milk only Consequently, farms). on recording milk of application large-scale the for essential carried out when the ewe is definitively separated from its exclusively lamb(s), (see chapter 1) i.e. must be taken into only account. when being milked Likewise, if dairy ewes belonging to another farmer are being kept for part of the year This at the farm. farm that for recording the in included be to not are they recorded, officially being is milk where is why it essential that all ewes belonging to a breeder who applies Method A or B milk recording to his flock(s) must be included in an up-to-date and accurate inventory. • • breeder the by provided is information certain recording, milk for used B or A method the Whatever subject are they mating): controlled of case the (in information lambing and mating as such himself, to a supervisory system which must be effected a recognised recording organization: for instance, the by directly produced information Any group. blood by pedigree on check a be may it case this in breeders (rather than an official recorder) must be subject to the supervisory procedure described by the recognised recording organization. 2.2.2.2 Ewes to be controlled The recorded breeder the breed may to agrees split he that his condition on sheep-breeding flocks, his into of one one only record or may he several flocks, several flocks. If the breeder commercial is as considered managing be can which non-recorded flock(s) other his from separately, always flock, flocks. Likewise, if only one of the flocks of the breeder is recorded, it is forbidden to mix ewes of a non-recorded flock with the ewes of recorded flock, during milk period. kept is question in breeder the to belong which flock(s) recorded the on ewes those of inventory An throughout the milk recording operation from beginning to the end of milking. 2.2.2.3 *irst test-day 2.2.2.3.1 -or the flock only milking hand mechanical/by of beginning the after days 15 to 4 place takes flock the of test-day first The in the flock. This recommendation is suitable for practical organisation of tests on basis a monthly recording interval. Whenever there is (quantitative) milk recording for the recorded flock, all the ewes being exclusively being ewes the all flock, recorded the for recording milk (quantitative) is there Whenever principle the recorded: be must program) breeding the in involved genotypes or breeds the (of milked of an exclusive record is essential to avoid sampling biases. Ewes suckling or suckling with partial milking during the suckling phase (see

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on the chemical composition of the milk or qualitative tests are optional ( 2.2.2.5 Type and expression of milk recording The only obligatory milk recording is that of the 2.2.2.6 Lactation calculation clauses 2.2.2.6.1 -or the flock (B4 B method A6), or A5 or (A4 A method period: milk given a for method test single a adopt must farmer A or B5 or or B6), method AC. method AT 2.2.2.6.2 -or a ewe When Milked from lambing, total milk yield per lactation is calculated using the *leischmann method period, suckling a after only milked When accuracy). equivalent of be to proved if method another (or method another (or method *leischmann the using calculated also is milking exclusive during yield milk if proved to be of equivalent accuracy), basic measurements only concerning the yield from milking after the lambs have been fully weaned. Quantitative recording concerns the quantity of milk supplied by the ewe when milked in the usual conditions on the farm, whether milked by hand or by machine. Should milking be machine mechanical, or it hand is during collected milk individual of volume the account into take to not recommended stripping in order to favour indirect selection as regards ability to machine milking. If nethertheless the (hand or machine) stripping yield is recorded, it is necessary to mention it in the presentation of the results. ). B6 or A6 method B5, or A5 method B4, or A4 (method milkings daily two the at measured is Milk either case, this in milkings: daily two the of one at applied be only measurementmay this However, evening/ for test correctedmonthly the or AT) (method applied is test monthly alternating strict the morning differences, taking into account the total volume of milk produced by the whole flock over the two milkings concerned (method AC). Milk may be measured by weight (grams) or volume (millilitres). It is acceptable to take volumetric measurements as they are usually quicker and can be as measurements accurate are as independent weighing of (if froth). milk The meter conversion factor of weight (millilitres) (grams) is 1.036 (normal into sheep milk volume density). The minimum daily quantity tested is set at 200 g or 200 ml. The limit of error (standard deviation of error) is 40 g or 40 ml. weighted be should milk meantime the In available. yet not is equipment sheep dairy for approval ICAR or measured by means of an instrument approved by the checked by organization an appropriate government agency. using it, and, if possible,

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Total Total milk yield equals: or lambing from milking of case the in lactation per yield milk total milk yield during the milking-only period period length milkingequals: fromlengthlactation case theof milking in orlambing oflength milkingofmilking-only the period in after case sucklingperiod the a ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ it may be applied to commercial flocks out of a well established nucleus of a pyramidal scheme. breeding this type of simplified milk recording should situation, also this be In genetics). suitable on possible in if (and developping breeding countries health, feeding, in on farmers order to advise to provide it could be the first step before the implementation of an official recording for genetic purposes. total milked yield and milking length. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Procedures for such optional measurements are described by the officially recognised organizations responsible for their implementation. 2.2.3.3 Method D Method D is defined as a simplified non-official recording based on 2 to 4 recordings per be flock may and record The lactation. the of middle the in ewe per test-days 3 to 2 get to aim the in year per or test-day, the at milked exclusively being ewes the all on milkings daily the of one on either realized on all the daily milkings on all the ewes being exclusively milked at recommanded to the record test-day. only Of one course, of it the daily is milkings since it is a or 2 by very it multiplying by instance (for milk daily a simplified get to order in adjusted be may test-day method. the case, In this by any other coefficient taking into account of sub-parts in ranking the a or ranking individual an morning/evening (either ewes the of ranking flock difference). within a implement The purpose is to the flock - in three thirds or four quarters for example) to manage replacement ranking may be based on such criteria as average test-day or lactation calculation corrected not and culling. The for variation factors such number low as the lactation given possible, number, age, though even month recommended not of is calculation lambing... lactation design Nevertheless, simplified in such a of test-days per ewe. This method D may be useful in two types of situation : • • Whatever the situation, method D does not provide ICAR stamp. 2.2.4 ICAR Rules on presentation of results This paragraph concerns the method A or B facilitate the To presentation, the following vocabulary is used for total milk yield calculations: • • Section 2 - Rules, standards and guielines for milk production recording ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ on the one hand, optional records which can be kept within framework of official method A or B recording. on the other hand, method D which is a non-official of milk recording. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

The milk yield during the milking-only period and date lambing The calculated. both the are date] weaning the and date corresponding off drying the between [difference length of the milking period real or calculated (standard suckling length). The drying is the real date. The weaning date either off date is also either real or calculated. There may or may not be a minimum number of tests per ewe before applying the *leischmann method of calculation. The calculation procedure is described by the organization responsible for its implementation. 2.2.3. ICAR guidelines on optional records This chapter describes : • • 2.2.3.1 Qualitative tests or tests on the milk’s chemical composition in official method A or B Given that it is costly and often technically difficult to administer in large flocks, protein testing the and milk’s fat analyse to order in samples representative taking entails (which composition chemical content) is optional. framework the within or purposes experimental for either implemented be may test qualitative a Such of integrated selection schemes which are already very efficient as regards milk scale quantity of on the the population in question. In the second case, the qualitative test flock’s must monthly quantitative be recording part (A4 of or B4, the AC, AT) or approximatively monthly quantitative recording (A5 or B5 , A6 or B6), whether carried *urthermore, an out attempt should be made to each sample all or most month ewes in one or more or categories or only certain months. classes of age found to be present during the corresponding quantitative tests in order to sampling bias. avoid The qualitative test procedure is described by each officially recognised procedure, organization: objectives sampling of testing, of frequency purposes), selection for or (experimental test qualitative the categories of ewes sampled and percentage with respect to those recorded, ewes supervisory procedures whose followed (for milk the samples quantity taken and is milk analysis laboratories), type of chemical analysis and calculations made. Analysis for protein content (or nitrogen content) and fat must be carried out on the same protein and fat determining for used equipment The milkings. recorded the of representative sample content should undergo periodic checking in accordance with suitable standards, approved by ICAR. 2.2.3.2 Other types of testing in official method A or B Other possibilities following on from the qualitative milking recording include mastitis somatic and similarly, cell for count, other milk characteristics, the possibility of measuring machine milking ability via milk flows which can be recorded using automated sheep milk recording systems. Even before milk recording, reproductive traits could also be recorded; this includes information on hand and oestrus induced oestrus, induced following insemination (artificial method reproduction the mating, natural mating etc.), the number and sex of lambs born etc.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 "' objectives of the qualitative testing: experimentation or selection description of the sampling procedure used test methodology used: milkings tested, test frequency, categories of ewes sampled the (for quantity milk for tested ewes the to relation in sampled ewes of percentage results: same category of females) analyses: type of milk analyses, methods and units of measurement used for results calculations made: description of the type of calculations and results published presentation of mean results - breed, flock and ewe existence of supervisory systems or no: type and description. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ the ewe’s number age at lambing lactation number or category of age (to be described) in the case of suckling, the real or standard suckling length total milked yield (without adjustment)) milking length average daily milk yield difference (in days) between the lambing date and the date of the first test day maximum milk recording test (with the lactation stage) total number of monthly milk tests realized for this ewe. a production of reference (and the chosen standard length) • • • • • • • • general description of breeding system distinguishing 2 main systems: one lambing per aiming year to have several or lambings per year recording): milk to subject farms for frequency their (and used methods reproduction of description induced oestrus and artificial insemination, induced oestrus and hand mating, natural mating results of average age at first lambing depending on the reproduction method description of lambing periods (frequency) per age group and reproduction method average fertility results per age group and reproduction method average prolificity results per age group and reproduction method. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ • • • • • • • It is possible to publish also the followed other results: • • • • 2.2.5 ICAR guidelines on publication of results of recording optional 2.2.5.1 Information on the implementation of qualitative milk recording (§ 2.2.3.3) D method the and 2.2.3.2) and 2.2.3.1 (§ B or A methods the concerns paragraph This 1) Information on the implementation of qualitative milk recording 2.2.5.2 Reproduction results • • • • • • 2.2.5.3 Other optional results of example an is information following The ewe. or flock breed, the for provided be can results These such optional results: Section 2 - Rules, standards and guielines for milk production recording ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ organizations responsible for the milk recording method of quantitative recording used: method A4 or B4 , A5 or B5 , A6 or or AC B6, AT unit of measurement used for milk quantity: liters or kilos type of milk recording used: to be described equipment (milk meter...) organization responsible for the lactation calculation. drying off date: real or calculated; specify the procedure if calculated or describe whatever rule is applied to determine the end of milking period indicate calculated; or real period): suckling a been have there (should weaned were lambs that date the average length of suckling used should this date be calculated minimum number of milk recording tests per ewe described to calculate total be milk yield to length standard a or milking of length real the on based yield: milk total of calculation published milking length: provide the calculation formula [difference between dates used] existence of adjustments for milk yield or not: type and description (example of adjustments for age, lambing period etc.) existence of supervisory systems or not: type and description. number of farms subject to official milk recording (year) number of ewes on these farms (inventory at lambing) number of lactating ewes on these farms (calculated milk yield) what system is used as regards lactation ? if system 2: average length of the suckling period (in days) and detailed description of the initial suckling or suckling plus milking phase description of reproduction objectives: achievement of one or more lambings per milking period; age at first lambing. farms of (% hand by or recording) official to subject ewes and farms of (% machine milking: of type and ewes subject to official recording) results of milk recording: total milked yield and length of milking (cf box above); average daily milk yield (total milked yield divided by the should milking results length). milk If raw *urthermore,possible, the milk number. yield lactation results to should according be and lactations all for presented be provided with no adjustment for factors of variations. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

2.2.4.1.1 Information on the milk recording and calculation methods calculation and 2.2.4.1 (Obligatory recording results) milk the on It is obligatory to provide the following results for a given breed and a given year or milk period: Information 2.2.4.1.1 • • • • • • • • • • • • 2.2.4.1.2 Information on the flocks subject to official recording method A or B milk • • • • system 1: milking from lambing system 2: milking after a suckling period • • • • 2.2.4.1.3 Information on the ewes published: are results obligatory whose lactation each for provided be must information following The

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rules, standards and guidelines and standards rules,

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Identification of animals by tattooing (or by other forms of marking which are considered secure). Carrying out of the recording. Checking of the records and periodical inspection of the breeding farms. Organization of the controlled mating, use a kidding book. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ for integrated selection schemes and for international exchange of animals and information. The different recording operations are the following: • • • • SECTION 2.3 - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES -OR MILK RECORDING IN GOATS present the of purpose The 2.3.1 Organisation of recording *ull liberty of action is allowed to the manner in which milk recording is organized in the different countries, provided that the local associations are approved by the national organizations. Official supervision must be effected by the relevant recognised recording organisation 2.3.2 Identification of mates necessary only is It birth. from days 30 of maximum a within done be must kids the of identification The to tattoo or mark those kids which are kept for breeding purposes. 2.3.3 Type of goats to be controlled All goats milked on the day of milk recording, must be controlled. 2.3.4 Milk recording operations 2.3.4.1 Lactation of reference The minimum lactation length should be 150 days and the maximum of 240 days. The lactation length chosen must be declared by the organization. 2.3.4.2 Recording interval The interval chosen must be establishes by the Organization and can be executed through different modalities according to the conditions of each country of the Organization. 2.3.4.3 Milk Recording operations Milk recording can be carried out in different ways according to the conditions in the countries of member organizations. Section 2 - Rules, standards and guielines for milk production recording ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ results of weighing lambs at birth or on weaning results of weighing ewes at parturition or lambing causes for reform in the framework of milk recording frequency of mastitis etc. design (number of recordings per flock and year), calculations and type of ranking set up. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

• • • • 2.2.5.4 Method D Precise description of method D used as a simplified design : • • Whatever the design, calculation and type of ranking, method D has no ICAR stamp.

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ICAR or by by and, if possible, checked by an appropriate an by checked possible, if and, , 1995 st ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ government agency of the country concerned. As far as milk meters and parlour jars are concerned, the specifications instructions approved by the Committee from time to time should be followed. contained should be employed. The equipments and materials used for analyses should be prepared or checked by the technical services of the same organization. milk sample. The samples should be taken after the milk produced by a single goat has been properly mixed. A 24 hour composite milk sample is required for analysis. If a preservative is used it should not influence the results of the sample analysis. accordance with suitable standards. Every member organization is required to inform the Committee of these standards. member organization if in the use before January 1 January before use the in if organization member ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 2. Methods approved by the Committee for estimating the fat and protein (or nitrogen matter) 3.same the on out carried be must content fat and content) nitrogen (or content protein for Analysis 4. The equipment used for determining fat and protein content should undergo periodic checking in 2.3.6 Publication of results The production may be expressed in kg or in ml. Milk quantities may be measured by the use of any instrument with a precision of 20 g or ml. The milk quantity produced in the strippings must not be included. Determination of fat content or protein content (or nitrogen matter) is optional. 2.3.7 Establishing weight of milk and content of fat and protein 1. The milk should be weighed or measured by means of an instrument approved 2.3.8 Calculation methods The total quantity of milk and the percentage of butterfat and/or protein is to be calculated by one Methods accuracy). equivalent of be to proved if method another by (or methods two following the of incorporating the centering principle are to be preferred, i.e. results for any test day results of average the applying by alternatively, or point mid the is day test the which for period a on at the beginning and end of a period (see Method n° 2). 2.3.8.1 Method no. 1 testings a separate calculation is made of the quantity *or each interval between two successive the in days of number the by day test the of weighing the of results the multiplying by produced milk interval leading up to it. The addition of these interval yields gives the total milk produced for the entire lactation period. The quantity of fat and protein contained in the milk is obtained in the same way.

T 2 3 4 5 6 Number of of Number Number of of Number recordingsper year Symbol recordingsper year Symbol Section 2 - Rules, standards and guielines for milk production recording 30 12 A interval days days interval interval (days) Average recording Average recording Average recording ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ is considered as the standard. 4 Recording length hours hours length Recording 24 24 24 24 24 Alternating recording in the morning in and eveningthe 14 21 28-34 hours length Recording 36 24 42 26 11-13 17 10 8-9 A A A A A 30 12 B ○○○○○○○○○○○○

By By an official recorder (Method A) The following possibilities are indicated: Method A The ICAR Board will decide on the symbols of other methods. In the case of annual holidays, the recording may be suspended for a period not exceeding 75 days the area, the for restrictions veterinary of case In due. herd whole the for and/or goats individual for recording may be suspended up to 100 days. 2.3.5 Date of first milk recording In the absence of suckling, the recording must not start before the 10th day from kidding. In the case of suckling, the recording must start (subject to the conditions given in the preceding paragraph), after the 40th day from kidding. With regard to calculations of milk production, ignore the suckling and estimate production from the 40th day after kidding. 2.3.5.1 Minimum number of recordings At least 3 recordings are necessary to estimate a lactation. 2.3.5.2 End of lactation necessary is it off, drying the to recording last the from period the for production milk the estimate To to multiply the yield by a number of days equal to half the interval period chosen. By the owner of the goats or by an official recorder collaborating with the owner the with collaborating recorder official an by or goats the of owner the By (Method B).

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 ## ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ milk yield produced in lactation; fat content (optional); protein content (optional). preparing sheets and books for data collection; processing the data; printing of the lactation certificate; publishing an annual report; supervising all activities in the farm and in the offices. accept the regulations of the recording organization organization recording the by provided system identification animal the under buffaloes his register put under milk recording all buffaloes of the herd provide the farmer with the identifications for all newborn calves visit the herds according to the calendar established by the recording activity register inseminations, matings, calving, deaths, dates of drying-off, diseases : A herd could also refer to a group of herds in a village in cases where the individual herds are ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 2.4. - ICAR GUIDELINES -OR BU--ALO MILK BU--ALO HIGH -OR TO MEDIUM GUIDELINES AND ICAR - MEDIUM TO 2.4. LOW -OR SECTION RECORDING INPUT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 2.4.1 Purpose Milk recording in buffalo concerns: • • • 2.4.2 Organization in charge Buffalo milk recording activity in a country, a region or district should be developed and supervised under a single organization, through its national, regional and/or local structures. The organization could be a public or private institution such as a research institute, farmers co-operative, an NGO or even a private company. To be sustainable it needs the government official ministry recognition and of the the promotion concerned and support of the stakeholders recording. benefitting from milk become internationally recognised countrythe To recordingmilk and the organization needs to seek the membership of ICAR. This organization is responsible for: • • • • • 2.4.3 -armers duties The farmer wanting to participate in milk recording must: • • • Note composed of very small number of animals 2.4.4 Control technicians Milk recording activity is performed by trained technicians who have the following tasks: • • • Section 2 - Rules, standards and guielines for milk production recording ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○

The average percentage of fat and protein contained in the milk is obtained by multiplying the total quantity of fat and protein (in whole kg s) by 100 and dividing these totals by the total quantity of s). kg whole (in milk 2.3.8.2 Method no. 2 *or each interval between two successive testing a separate calculation results of the is weighing of the two test days, and dividing made by two. by adding the The quotient is then multiplied by the number of days between the two test days. The lactation yield of milk is obtained by totaling the milk yield calculated for all the intervals. The quantity of fat and protein contained in the milk is obtained in the same way. The average percentage of fat and protein contained in the milk is obtained as indicated for Method N° 1. If recording is suspended for a period not exceeding 100 days, the missing figure or figures can be method. suitable another by or testing, subsequent and preceding the of average taking by estimated

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 #% milk production of last recording by 14 = 2 kg x 14 = 28 kg. recording last of yield milk the multiply 20: *ebruary on dried-off buffalo the that states farmer by 30 and add (last recording yield + (last recording yield/2)/2) x 14. Therefore: (2 x 30) + ((2+1)/2) x 14 ) = 81 kg ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ e) milk analysis must be performed no f)later that four days from the day of recording; cattle. for ICAR by approved ones official the are components milk of analysis the for methods animal is fixed at 14 days after the date of the last milk recording when she was still in milk; milk recorder is requested to ask the farmer the effective date for the drying-off. If at the fixed is effective animal that of drying-off the of date the recording, last the from days 30 within falls date 14 days after the last recording; otherwise, it is fixed at 44 days after the date of the last milk recording when the animal was still in milk. the number of days from calving to first recording Example: date of calving March 10; first recording April 6; milk production on 6: 3.2 kg. Therefore, partial production from calving to first milk recording = 3.2 kg x 27 days = 86.4 kg. recordings by the interval between the two recording. by the number of days from last milk recording to drying-off: 1) The date of milk recording when the animal is found to have dried off is *ebruary 1: multiply 2) The date of milk recording when the animal is found to have dried off *ebruary 23 and ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 16.that of drying-off the of date the dried-off, have to found is animal the visit, recording the at When, 17. In case the animal is found to have dried-off after the longer recording interval (46-75 days), the 2.4.5.1 Calculation of total lactation production The calculation of total lactation production will be done as follows: a.by recording first at production milk multiply recording: milk first to calving from production partial b. partial production during all milk recordings: multiply the average milk yield c. of two subsequent recordinglast at production milk multiply day:drying-off recording do milk last from production partial lactation production is given by the sum of partial lactations (a) + (b) (c). Total day after calving; after day th day after calving; after day th Section 2 - Rules, standards and guielines for milk production recording ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ used; after appropriate trial. Results of the trial will be sent to ICAR. Approved milk meters and recording and meters milk Approved ICAR. to sent be will trial the of Results trial. appropriate after present the of appendix the in indicated are approved were they which in country the as well as jars regulations: the whole recording duration. Samples may be taken by any of the following methods: a) a sample for each milking; b) a proportional composite sample for c)all milkings within the 24 hour test period; alternate (i.e. am/pm) d)samples on consecutive sampling days; system analysis the to according drug preserving allowed the with added be all must samples weigh the milk produced by each individual buffalo at the two daily milkings. Milk must be weighed on weighed be must Milk milkings. daily two the at buffalo individual each by produced milk the weigh measures calibrated with measured volumetrically or grams 250 least at of sensitivity with scale a with sensitivity of 250 cc. ICAR authorised measuring devices can be also used. register the milk productions on the forms established by the recording organization 28 and 33 days, the recording will be considered of A4 method; when it falls 46 days it will be considered A6 method. The method has to stated in the documents which between 38 and the lactation records are reported; provided that the number of days between two consecutive records does not exceed 75; record is performed must be registered; measures. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

15. In case fat/protein contents are determined, samples must be collected from all buffaloes and for 6. the first milk recording must be performed within the 75 • • 2.4.5 Milk recording 1. milk recording has to be carried out during 2.the whole lactation; milk recording has to be carried out on all the buffaloes of the herd; 3. milk yield must be 4.registered; fat and protein percentage can 5.be determined; the first milk recording cannot be performed before the evening of the 5 7. minumum interval between two 8.tests should be 25 days; maximum interval between two 9.tests should be 46 days; When the average interval between two tests calculated on the whole lactation falls between 10. due to proved and justified reasons, only one longer interval in one lactation can be accepted, 11. the milk record must be performed on all 24 hours milkings of the recorded herd; time at which 12. milk yield can be expressed either in kg or in litres; 13. milk must be weighed on a scale with sensitivity of at least 250 g or volumetrically calibrated 14. Milk meters and recording jars can be approved by the ICAR member organization of each country

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 #' ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Lactation milk yields, both total and 270 days, are production parameters; they are not When the 270 days milk production will be used to calculate the average values by herd,

covered area. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ The buffalo in the example will have a total lactation of 313 (or 343) days, total milk yield of 1,284.6 kg (or 1,337.6 kg) and 270 days yield of 1,184.1 kg. When the buffalo dries-off before 270 days, total lactation yield and 270 days yield have the same value. 270 days lactation production must be equal to or lower than total lactation production, never higher. Note Note 1: meant to express the genetic merit of the buffalo. Therefore they should not extension be factors. projected In using case the lactation is very short for involuntary reasons, the mentioned reason in will individual be certificates by a code to be indicated E.g. (1)=sale; beside (2) accident, the etc. individual production. Note 2: village and total covered area, only the information from lactations having reached a minimum 150 of days will be used 2.4.6 Data processing The organization in charge is responsible of collecting and processing all the information registered by the technician. The organization in charge will process and calculate the following: 1. Milk production of each buffalo during all the days she was in milking (total 2.lactation production). Milk production of each buffalo 3. from calving to 270 days (270 days milk production). Average values of total lactation production and 270 days milk production by herd, village, total 4. Average age at calving by herd, 5.village, total covered area. Average number of calvings by 6.herd, village, total covered area. Average days open by herd, 7.village, total covered area. Average days of lactation by herd, village, total covered area. Parameters 1 and 2 will be used to produce individual buffalo certificates whenever requested and by the farmers. will be processed Parameters from 3 to 7 will be processed at periods fixed by the organization in charge, according will 7 to 3 parameters of values average annual case, any In herds. participating the of needs the to be calculated for the total covered area to be sent yearly to ICAR. milk. for as way same the in done be will (kg) yield protein and (kg) yield fat of (optional) Calculation (or fat (kg follows: as calculated be will percentage protein and fat average of (optional) Calculation protein) x 100)/kg milk. to 1 parameters the as processing the in included be can parameters two last the calculated, When 7 above. kg yield yield Cumulative subsequent subsequent Yield of two recordings kg recordings recordings recordings Average kg Average kg milk of two two of milk subsequent subsequent Section 2 - Rules, standards and guielines for milk production recording 27 40 37 3.2 38 3.2 3.5542 86.4 4.4537 128 131.35 5.75 37 214.4 169.1 345.75 6.25 41 241.5 514.85 4.5 231.25 756.35 2.5 166.5 987.6 102.5 1,154.1 1,256.6 (days) (days) Interval Interval 299 days ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Date of of Date Recording March 10 6 April Milkyield kg 16 May Calving June 22 3.2 30 July 3.2 Sept 10 3.9 17 Oct 5.0 23 Nov 6.5 Jan 3 6.0 1 *eb 3.0 2.0 dried Sum 23 *eb 14 dried 2 44 313 2+1.5 343 28.0 81.0 1,284.6 1,337.6 ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Example: 2.4.5.2 Calculation of lactation production until 270 days The calculation of lactation production untill 270 days will be done as production follows: milk average the days, 270 after falling date recording the at milk in still is buffalo the When of the two recordings bracketing 270 days is multiplied by 270 minus the number of days from the last recording before 270 days. Jan and milk) kg (3 23 Nov are days 270 bracketing recordings two the table above the In Example: 3 (2 kg milk). Nov 23 falls 258 days from calving; milk yield up to Nov 23 is 1,154.1 kg; therefore: kg. 1,184.1 = 30 + 1,254.1 Then =30. 2.5 x 12 = ((3+2)/2) x (270-258)

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 3 ○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 $ production systems and breed

the following definitions apply :-

SECTION 3. - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES -OR MEAT PRODUCTION RECORDING Approved on: 30 May 2002 May 30 on: Approved : heritable measure or observation concerning an animal in relation with the economic the with relation in animal an concerning observation or measure heritable : Scope

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ suckler herds from birth to weaning; test stations; finishing herds after weaning to slaughter official sales; abattoirs. performance result of a production system; present general rules are minimum requirements for a harmonised beef performance recording ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices

○○○○○○ SECTION 3.1 - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES -OR BEE- PER-ORMANCE RECORDING 3.1.1 General rules 3.1.1.1. The 3.1.1.2 Recording Schemes Recording schemes include: • • • • • 3.1.1.3 Symbols A three letters symbol stands for the method of recording“B” or “A”, “C” (see Section 1.3 ICAR Rules, standards and guidelines on methods of recording). 3.1.1.4 Definitions *or the purpose of these rules • orientations. for the management and genetic evaluation purposes. They are applicable for beef performance recording in various Section 2 - Rules, standards and guielines for milk production recording ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Individual productivity sheet for each animal, including: genealogy; date of birth; date of the calvings; the of date birth; of date genealogy; including: animal, each for sheet productivity Individual total lactation production (number of days and total produced milk) for each lactation; 270 days lactation production (number of days and total produced milk) for interrupted each lactation. 2. lactation; Average values indication of of total lactation production, number of days in milking, herd, by number, lactation calving, first intervals, at calving age (*), production lactation days 270 lactation total of values (average including: makers policy and authorities government industry, dairy production, number of days in milking, 270 days lactation production (*), calving intervals, age at first calving, lactation number by village, area). (same parameters as in 2.). (*) Only the lactations over 150 days will be considered when average 270 production is calculated. Name Name Milko Scope II Alfa-Laval 7274031-80 Tecnozoo Recording jar Milk meter Type Recording jar Italy approval of Italy Country Italy ○○○○○○○○○○○○

2.4.7 Output produced by the organization in charge in organization the by produced Output 2.4.7 The organization in charge should produce three types of output: 1 *eedback reports to the farmers to help in management decisions. The reports should include: 1. 2 Information on buffalo milk productivity at village, region, and/or national levels to extensionists, 3 Information on buffalo milk productivity in the covered area to ICAR for international comparisons. 2.4.8 Authorised milk measuring systems

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 3 $! Animal identification, date Weighing One weight taken at an age between 90 and 250 days *arm identification, Abnormal records in relation with preferential supplies of concentrates, Identification of the management group within herd when they exist, Identification of fostered calves. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ *or each of the animals the following data should be recorded:- • • • • • • • The symbol of this recommendation is “SH”. used be can “C” and “B” “A”, methods The same the at kept units cow/calf of group same the from animals all for obtained be to have Records location for the same purpose. The reference performance is the weight adjusted for an age of 200 days. be the age let at AW weighing in days, let WG be the weight in kilograms, let BW be the actual birth weight or a breed standard, the reference performance is equal to:- ((WG - BW)/ x AW) 200 +BW. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices Reference Reference Performance Mandatory Mandatory Records Symbol Method of Recording Recorded Animals ○○○○○○ e) e) b) c) d) Data is collected in order to provide farmers with useful information for herd management and to provide raw data for genetic evaluation. This recommendation may also apply to progeny test stations. It allows for genetic evaluation of both growth ability and milking ability. The calculation method is: 3.1.2.3 Description The performance recording which meets the following requirements fully complies recommendation for with beef performance recording in suckler herds from the birth to weaning. a) 3.1.3 Guidelines for test stations 3.1.3.1 Introduction The main objective is to estimate the breeding value of sources of potential non genetic variation. sires by removing all possible Section 3- Rules, standards and guidelines for meat production recording : expression for a performance to be used, in addition to other locally : performance in relation with the quantity and the quality of saleable lean ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ : measure in kilograms obtained from weighing scale checked for accuracy; performance : group of animals kept for the same purpose at the same location.

beef animal identification; birth date; breed; calving parity; sex; parent identification; type of calf (single, multiple or embryo transfer); farm identification where calf is born. recording: basic principles; organisation of recording; recorded herds. approved expressions, in order to compare phenotypic values or for data exchange between different between exchange data for or values phenotypic compare to order in expressions, approved performance recording schemes; herd reference reference performance meat; weights ○○○○○○○○○○○○

• schemes recording all for rules General 3.1.1.5 Beef performance recording requires an identification and registration system for new born calves which includes • • • • • • • • 3.1.1.6 References to the International Agreement of Recording Practices The following rules of the International Agreement of Recording Practices recommendations fully for beef performance apply recording:- to the • • • 3.1.2 Guidelines for suckler herds from birth to weaning 3.1.2.1 Introduction herds, suckler for system recording performance complete a with deal not does recommendation This which usually cover a wide range of traits, from the low hereditary traits like reproduction (e.g. calving ease), mid hereditary traits like growth (e.g. weaning weight) and highly hereditary traits like body conformation (e.g. muscularity). 3.1.2.2 *ield of application This recommendation applies to in field beef performance recording undertaken in herds which suckle of their calves until an age cows of at least four months. • • •

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 3 $# (*W - SW) x 1000 / (A* - AS). ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ animal identification, date of weighing at the start of the test period, live weight at the start of the test period, date of weighing at the end test period, live weight at the end of the test period. let AS be the age at start in days, let A* be the age at finish in days, let SW be the live weight at start, let *W be the live weight at finish, the average daily gain is equal to: ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 3.1.3.3.4 Test procedure description The test procedure should be precisely documented and published. 3.1.3.3.5 Management of the test The bulls should enter the stations as soon as possible. The test consist in two separate periods: the pre test period and the test period. growth compensatory of importance the limit to necessary is which period test pre the of length The is at least of four weeks. The length of the test period is at least of four months (120 days). The maximum difference in age should not exceed three months (90 days) at the beginning of the test period. 3.1.3.3.6 Mandatory records *or each of the recorded animals the following data should be recorded: • • • • • Live weights must be the average of at least two weights taken on successive days. 3.1.3.3.7 Recommended records obtained be must records the case that In them. out carry to decide may organisation recording Each for each of the recorded animals. Linear scoring both for muscular and skeletal development as well as for functional capacity may be recorded. 3.1.3.3.8 Reference performance The reference performance is the average daily gain. The calculation method is: present rules.

Section 3- Rules, standards and guidelines for meat production recording ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Until recently, the most this recording was scheme a could comparison offer, within a test group. Animal Model using the relationships between the recorded bulls now allows for comparisons when there are enough genetic connections between animals from different stations. progeny the which under those to similar are tests performance individual of conditions the more The will be reared, the more the tests are efficient in performance terms test procedures of should be expected designed to improvement. meet the Individual requirements of specific production systems. The length of test, the age of the animal at the end of the test, as well as the regime in terms of energy level is a reared. compromise, be will progeny taking bull’s those into which under conditions account the and the capacity testing breedingthe slaughtering, ability, the age of progeny at Consequently a lot of different procedures may meet the requirements of 3.1.3.2 *ield of application asses to is objective the where stations test performance individual to applies recommendation This genetic differences mainly from individual performances of bulls from several herds assembled in a single location and raised under uniform and standardised conditions. bulls Tested may be from dairy, dual purpose or specialised beef breeds. They may be designed for use by AI or by natural service. It applies neither to progeny test station, nor to experimental stations. 3.1.3.3 Description Performance recording which meets the following requirements fully complies with standards and the guidelines for beef rules, performance recording in test stations. 3.1.3.3.1 Symbol The symbol of this testing scheme is “PT”. 3.1.3.3.2 Method of recording Only “A” methods should be used, i.e. recording must be carriedorganisation. out by an official recording 3.1.3.3.3 Recorded animals Records have to be obtained for all the bulls entering the stations. The bulls should origin from several herds. The herds must participate in an ICAR official performance recording scheme recording or which any other official performance may recording, namely in suckler be herds. milk

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 3 $% . any type of cattle sold before an age of thirty six months.

identification must be used both by farmers and purchasers

relates to

((*W - SW) x 1000) / (A* - AS). ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ are collected in order to provide farmers with information useful for herd management and to and management herd for useful information with farmers provide to order in collected are let AS be the age at start in days, let A* be the age at finish in days, let SW be the live weight at start, let *W be the live weight at finish, the average daily weight gain is equal to:

ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ provide raw data for genetic evaluation. The animals may be calves, young bulls, steers and heifers. They may result from crossing between specialised milk breeds and specialised beef breeds, or from dairy breeds or from beef breeds. The same animal lifetime 3.1.4.2.5 Recommended records for obtained be to have they case that In them. out carry to decide may organisation recording Each each of the recorded animals. Linear scoring both for muscular and skeletal development as well as for functional capacity may be performed. 3.1.4.2.6 Reference performance The reference performance is the average daily weight gain. The calculation method is : 3.1.5. Guidelines for official sales 3.1.5.1.Introduction Many animals are sold routinely according to their live weight slaughter. for breeding, for finishing or for This information is obtained routinely for commercial use. Though this data was not field performance it may be considered as beef scheme. performance recording 3.1.5.2 *ield of application This recommendation Data 3.1.5.3 Description The performance recording which meets the following requirements fully complies recommendation for with beef performance recording at the official sales. Section 3- Rules, standards and guidelines for meat production recording ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Animal identification, Date of weighing at the start of the finishing period, Live weight at the start of the finishing period, Date of weighing at the end finishing period, Live weight at the end of the finishing period, Identification of the finishing farm, Identification of the management group within herd, if existing. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

3.1.4. Guidelines for finishing herds after weaning to slaughter 3.1.4.1 *ield of application subsequent to weaning after reared are animals where situation any to applies recommendation This breeding or slaughter. Data is collected in order to provide farmers with information useful for herd management and to provide raw data for genetic evaluation. 36 months of age. They may result steers and heifers up to bulls, The animals may be calves, young from crossing between specialised milk breeds and specialised beef breeds, or from dairy breeds or from beef breeds. This recommendation may apply to progeny test stations. 3.1.4.2. Description The performance recording which meets the following requirements fully complies with recommendation the for finishing herds ICAR after weaning to slaughter. 3.1.4.2.1 Symbol The symbol of this recommendation is “*H”. 3.1.4.2.2 Method of recording used. be can “C” and “B” “A”, methods The 3.1.4.2.3 Recorded animals Records have to be obtained for all the animals kept for the same purpose at the same location. 3.1.4.2.4 Mandatory records *or each of the recorded animals the following data should be recorded:- • • • • • • • The interval between first and last weighing must be at least two months (60 days).

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 3 $' ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Animal identification, Abattoir identification, Slaughter date, Commercial official slaughter weight of carcass, *inishing farm coding. official EUROP carcass score for carcass conformation official fat score. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Data is collected in order to provide farmers with information useful for herd management and to provide raw data for genetic evaluation. The animals may be calves, young bulls, steers and heifers up to an age of 36 months. They may be from crossing between specialised milk breeds and specialised beef breeds, or from dairy breeds or from beef breeds. This recommendation may apply to progeny test stations. It requires abattoirs and farmers to use the same animal identification. 3.1.6.3. Description The performance recording which meets the following requirements fully complies recommendation with for beef performance recording the in abattoirs. 3.1.6.3.1 Symbol The symbol of this recommendation is “AB”. 3.1.6.3.2 Method of recording There is only an „A” method. Carcasses have to be weighed and graded according to the national official system. 3.1.6.3.3 Recorded animals Records must be obtained for all animals slaughtered from the same group of animals kept for the same purpose at the same location. 3.1.6.3.4 Mandatory records *or each of the recorded animals the following data should be recorded:- • • • • • 3.1.6.3.5 Mandatory records for animals slaughtered in the European Union *or each of the recorded animals the following data should be recorded: • • 3.1.6.3.6 Reference performance The reference performance is net weight gain per day of age. agent

Section 3- Rules, standards and guidelines for meat production recording ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ((LW-BW) ((LW-BW) * 1000) / AS. animal date of birth animal identification, weighing, of date live weight, coding of the farm which has sold animal. let AS be the age at sale in days, be let the LW commercial live weight in kilos, let BW be the actual birth weight or a breed standard in kilograms, the weight gain per day of age is equal to, ○○○○○○○○○○○○

3.1.5.3.1 Symbol The symbol of this recommendation is “OS”. 3.1.5.3.2 Method of recording and other measurementsmethod. Weighing have Thereto be performed is only an by “A” an of the commercial organisations concerned with the agreement of the recording organisation. 3.1.5.3.3 Recorded animals Records have to be obtained for all the animals sold from the same group of animals kept for the same purpose at the same location. 3.1.5.3.4 Mandatory records *or each of the recorded animals the following data must be recorded: • • • • • 3.1.5.3.5 Reference performance The reference performance is the weight gain per day of age. The calculation method is: 3.1.6 Guidelines for abattoirs 3.1.6.1. Introduction Commercial slaughter results are recorded routinely by abattoirs to meet different the regulations. requirements of This information is obtained routinely for commercial use. Though this data was not field performance it may be considered as beef performance recording. 3.1.6.2. *ield of application This recommendation fits any type of cattle slaughtered before an age of thirty six months.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 3 4 % SECTION 4. – OTHER PRODUCTION OTHER – 4. SECTION TRAITS RECORDING ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Section 3- Rules, standards and guidelines for meat production recording ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ (CW x 1000) / AS. let AS be the age at slaughtering in days, let CW the commercial carcass weight, the net weight gain per day of age is equal to, ○○○○○○○○○○○○

The calculation method is:

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 5 4 %! SECTION 5 - ICAR GUIDELINES ON RE-ERENCE CON-ORMATION RECORDING METHODS Approved on: 30 May 2002 May 30 on: Approved ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Objective accordance in conformation of assessment of methods the standardise to intended are guideline These cattle respective of federation international / world each by established as standards and rules with breeds. Performance of the bull preferably year, one about of age the at selection of step first the in occurs bull the of assessment The during events which permit the comparison with a larger number scored of or measured linearly from animals. one biological The extremerange of scoresto the other. must be All traits must be from 1-9. considered. be will bull a of defect dismissable genetically a for disposition the indicate which sample *eatures of size and bulls Assessment of of female progeny Selection a) randomly 20 least at of consist must sample The bulls. test all for assessed be should Conformation selected daughters. At least 20 complete progeny groups should be comparison. included as a measure of b) Traits In all breeds such criteria should be considered as criteria which give an insight into performance traits or which have a limiting influence on the use of the animal. Section - Other production traits recording ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 5 %# ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Traits Traits are scored individually Scores cover a biological range Variation within traits is identifiable Degree rather than desirability is recorded Linear in a biological sense Single Traits Heritable Economic value Possible to measure instead of score Variation within the population Essential ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 5.1 CON-ORMATION RECORDING O- DAIRY CATTLE 5.1.1 Introduction The ICAR conformation recording recommendation integrates with the World Holstein-*riesian *ederation guidelines on the international harmonisation of linear type assessment, trait definition, evaluation standards and publication of type proofs for bulls. The recommended data standards qualifies for MACE collected evaluation. within these 5.1.2 Linear type traits Linear type traits are the basis of all modern type classification systems, and are the foundation of individual of measurements on based is classification Linear cow. dairy the describing for systems all type traits instead of opinions. It describes the degree of trait not the desirability. Advantages of linear scoring are: • • • • 5.1.3 International standard traits The International standard traits satisfy the following definitions: • • • • • • • Approved Standard Traits 1.2. Stature 3. Chest Width 4. Body Depth 5. Angularity 6. Rump Angle 7. Rump Width 8. Rear Legs Set 9. Rear Legs Rear View Angle 10. *oot *ore Udder Attachment 11. Rear Udder Height Section 5- Guidelines on reference conformation recording methods ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ number of daughters, farms and bulls in the group comparison. for traits of description, standardised deviation. for traits, averages and standardised deviations. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

c) Time of assessment possible all at if lactation, first the during occur should bulls test of daughters the of evaluation The cannot cows Dry calving. after day 15th the before not but lactation, of months four first the during be considered in the evaluation. d) Method The progeny is being described according to a linear system with a score 1-9. In addition, further traits of conformation may be assessed. Details of the procedure results will be including laid down by the organisation of the breeds concerned. the presentation of Personnel in-service and training their take must and neutrally behave must inspection with charged Personnel training centrally. In order that the influence of the inspector the of assessment the may in participate inspectors of number a be that such be must them of corrected, use regional the timing and bull. one of progeny The number of inspectors working in a population must be such that at least 200 cows are being assessed per inspector per year. Collection of data for analysis assessed the of dates inspection and calving, birth, the includes this progeny of assessment the *or available, if and, least at parentage its and animal assessed the of tag) (lifetime identification animal, dam and of sire. Publication If breeding value assessment for conformation is not being carried out, the minimum information to be given for the publication of the results of the progeny assessment are: • • • breed. the for organisation responsible the by defined as - methods recording conformation Additional

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Angle outof toe rearof thefeet: Angle at the front of the rear hoof measured from floorthe to the hairline: The strength of attachment of the fore udder to true abdominala theNot - wall: linear trait Optical Measured Measured as the angle from the top of the hip to topthe pintheof bone: 1 High Pins Slight4 slope 5 Intermediate Distance between the most posterior point of pin bones: Angle measured at frontthe of the hock: : 7 " “ 2 Point Ref. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices 5 Intermediate Point: Point: Intermediate 5 (OOT ANGLE Ref. (ORE UDDER ATTACHMENT out toe Extreme 1 Ref. 9 Parallel feet 1 – 3 Very low angle degrees. 45 angle Intermediate 6 – 4 7 – 9 Very steep 1 – 3 Weak and loose 4 – 6 Intermediate acceptable 7 – 9 Extremely strong and tight. Ref. Point: Point: Point: ANGLERUMP Ref. VIEW SIDE LEGS REAR Ref. slope Extreme 9 REAR LEGS REARVIEW 1 – 3 Narrow 4 – 6 Intermediate 7 – 9 Wide 1 – 3 Straight 4 – 6 Intermediate 7 – 9 Sickled Ref. Point: Point: Level 3 WIDTH RUMP Ref. ○○○○○○ Section 5- Guidelines on reference conformation recording methods Measured topfrom in Measured spine theof between hips to ground. in Precise measurement centimetres/inches, or linearscale: 1 Short Intermediate 5 9 Tall the between surface inside the from Measured top frontthe of legs: Distanceof between top of bottom and spine point: deepestbarrelthe at last rib – flatness of bone avoiding coarseness – not a truea– not boneofflatness avoiding coarseness linear trait: angle Theandcombined with ribs, openness the of Ref. Ref. Point: ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 –3 Shallow Point: Shallow Point: –3 CHEST WIDTH Ref. DEPTH BODY 1 Ref. ANGULARITY 1 – 3 Narrow 4 – 6 Intermediate 7 – 9 Wide 4 – 6 Intermediate 7 – 9 Deep Ref. Point: Point: STATURE Ref. Lacks angularity/coarse3 bone– 1 4 – 6 Intermediate 7 – 9 Very angular/flat bone ○○○○○○○○○○○○

12. Central Ligament 13. Udder Depth 14. Placement Teat Rear View 15. Length Teat 5.1.4 Standard trait definition The precise description of each trait is well defined and it is parameters essential assessment that The the used. full be trait range each of of extremes linear and intermediate the identify to scores The heifers. year-old two of extremes biological expected the on based be should calculations the for scale must cover the biological extremes of the population in the Country of assessment. 5.1.4.1 Recommended Scale 1 - 9

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 5 %' ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ model. Classifiers should not make corrections during scoring. scored during the same visit by the same classifier. modified repeat classifications can be added. sufficient and If evaluation of organisation there same the by completed is if possible be a only may classification herd classification system additional visit. All bulls in AI should be included herd mates (contemporaries) are scored during the same classification programmes. +3 and –3 standard deviations. currently example: *or years. five every renewed be should that base fixed stepwise a includes This the base is animals born in 1995. characteristics or combined traits, which are not linear in a biological sense. A subjective score is given for the desirability of the cow according to the breeding goal. ExcellentGood Very 97 - 90 points “ 89 - 85 ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ c. Corrections for d.variation between classifiers are required to avoid heterogeneity of variance. Herd mates are defined as the contemporaries of the evaluated heifers in the same lactation, d. Bull proofs to be based on the classification of first calved heifers. If the evaluating system is e. A minimum of 5 heifers are inspected at the same visit 5.1.6 Evaluation model a. Modern BLUP b.evaluation techniques should be used to obtain accurate unbiased evaluations. Data should be corrected for influencing factors such as age, stage of lactation and season by the 5.1.7 Publication of information a. Publish bull-proofs around an b.average of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.0. Proofs of widespread used bulls should be published as bar graphs covering the range between c. The base of sire evaluation should follow the definition of the production proofs, given by Interbull. 5.1.8 Composite traits a. Composite traits b.are groups of linear traits relating to one specific area. The individual linear a.traits are weighted according to economic breeding objectives. The main composite traits are - Mammary, *eet/ Legs and Body. 5.1.9 General characteristics or breakdown for non linear traits a.general as aredescribed These assessment. phenotype include also programmes classification Type b. *emale animals c. are inspected, classified and assigned grades/scores ranging from 50 -97points. The most common scales are:

Section 5- Guidelines on reference conformation recording methods floor the hock: to The position of the at placement pointthe udder: of the centre of the front teat teat: front the of length The The distance between vulva (pin bone) and the milk milk the and bone) (pin vulva between distance The secreting tissue: in relation animal: to height of the The depth of cleft, measured at the base of rear udder: the to Convex 3 floor flat – 1 : The distance from the lowest part of the udder Ref. Point ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ evaluating system to achieve and maintain a uniform level of classification. Additionally the exchange the Additionally classification. of level uniform a maintain and achieve to system evaluating of information between head-classifiers from different systems/countries is advised. Classifiers should be independent of commercial interest in AI-bulls/studs. UDDER DEPTH definition Slight 6 – 4 definition Deep 9 – 7 2 Level with hock hock with Point: Long Point: Level 9 2 – TEAT PLACEMENTREAR VIEW Ref. Below 1 hock TEAT LENGTH Ref. 7 Intermediate 5 Shallow 9 quarter of Outside 3 – 1 quarterMiddle of 6 – 4 quarter of Inside 9 – 7 1 – 3 Short Intermediate 6 – 4 Ref. Point: Point: HEIGHT UDDER REAR Ref. 1 – 3 Very low low Very High 3 Point: 9 – – 1 7 CENTRAL LIGAMENT Ref. Intermediate 6 – 4 ○○○○○○○○○○○○

5.1.5 Type inspection system a. One organisation b.should be in charge of classifications within each evaluating system. There should be a head-classifier in charge of training and supervising other classifiers within the c. Individual full time professionals should complete classification.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 6 5 & SECTION 6 - -ERTILITY RECORDING Approved on: 30 May 2002 May 30 on: Approved = first insemination to breed an heifer or to breed a cow after the end of each (NRR) = percentage of females that are inseminated for the first time during a given ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ pregnancy. period of time (such as a month) and have not service been within a specified number recorded of days (e.g. 24, as 56, 90). having returned for another recommending a precise description of the method used for the calculation of NRR. calculations between countries or AI organisations. ICAR meeting at TRENTE, 1964). th ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Non-Return Rate Non-Return 6.1 GUIDELINES -OR THE EXPRESSION O- NON-RETURN RATES (NRR) -OR THE PURPOSE O- AI ORGANISATIONS 6.1.1 Scope Non-Return Rates (NRR) as a management tool for AI industry to technician performance characterise or to compare bull different semen fertility treatments. and The reproductive performances of any herd or flock is out of scope. 6.1.2 Aims 1. To facilitate the understanding of the “Non-return rates” usually provided by 2.AI organisations, To suggest guidelines for calculations of NRR, in order to facilitate the harmonisation of the 6.1.3 Definitions (irst insemination 6.1.4 Rules for calculation 6.1.4.1 Services to consider Only first inseminations should be considered for the calculation of NRR (agreement bull fertility in 5 Section 5- Guidelines on reference conformation recording methods “ ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Body Dairy Character Legs/*eet Mammary System Assessment of additional functional traits is included in a number of countries. system score. inspection. therefore classification scores must be considered in the context of the country of inspection. • • • • • Good PlusGood Good*air/Poor/Insufficient 74 - 50 80 - 84 points “ 75 - 79 ○○○○○○○○○○○○

f. It is recommended that the final score should be calculated using a minimum of 40% g.mammary of Country the in objective breeding the meet should scores breakdown component of weighting The d.and goals, breeding the upon depending country each in varies grades classification of awarding The e. The final class and score are derived from a breakdown of the main functional areas of the female;

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 6 &! e.g. *or January 2000 (n=1,531) : 18-24 day NRR = 68.4% e.g. *or the year 1999 (n=15,332) : 3-60 to 90 day NRR = 58.9% ‘Given period’ (n=) : ‘beginning of interval’-’end of interval’ day NRR = ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ‘Given period’ (n=) : ‘beginning of interval’-’range of the end of interval’ day NRR = the given period of time in which females have been inseminated the number of females the limits of the interval during which the returns have insemination been (3-24, observed 18-24...) after the date of each female breed(s) if females with short returns were considered either pregnant or non-inseminated if NRR have been adjusted or not (and if yes, the source of variation taken into account) ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ As a minimum for correction, NRR should be adjusted for parity (cow/heifer). In any case, it should be indicated if the NRR have been adjusted or not, and in case which factors have been used for correction. 6.1.5 The NRR related to the date of each insemination As stated above, one should indicate : • • • • • • The suggested expression of the NRR is as follow : 6.1.6 The 60 to 90 day NRR monthly a on receipts breed out work to organisations AI for standard a been has NRR day 90 to 60 the at calculated is January in bred females the all of NRR the way that In basis. daily a than rather end of March. The females bred on January first will have about 90 days in which to return. Those bred during would the have last had days only of about January, however, 60 days. Pay careful attention that the common phrases “18-24 day NRR” and “60 to things confused. “18-24 day” addresses 90 to the two limits day of the interval, whereas “60 NRR” to 90 day” get only addresses to the end of the interval which has month’s day the of the insemination. particularity to vary according to the The same information than for the previous NRR should be indicated. The suggested expression of the NRR is as follow : Section 6- #ertility recording Section 6- #ertility ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○

6.1.4.2 *emales to consider In a given herd, all females inseminated should be used for NRR calculation (without selection on reproductive parameters). *emale breed(s) should be indicated. 6.1.4.3 Day of insemination The day of insemination is Day 0. 6.1.4.4 Interval of returns Calculation of a NRR (e.g. 56 day NRR) commonly excludes early returns according to the objective of the NRR (e.g. returns within 3 days after the insemination are excluded since it is considered usually as a problem due to females and not to the males). Thus, both limits of the considered interval should be indicated (e.g. 3-56 day NRR). returns of interval the of Limits 6.1.4.5 As a rule, the limits given should be inclusive. *or instance, for a 3-24 day NRR, if an insemination has occurred on Monday (D0), an early return recorded on Tuesday (D1) or Wednesday (D2) is excluded, and a return recorded from (D3) to D24 Thursday is considered. 6.1.4.6 Exclusion of short returns The females with short returns, excluded as stated above, could returned be females considered (“pregnant”) either or like like non- non-inseminated females. The former will overestimation lead of to NRR, a the slight latter represents a better option but might be implement. more complicated to eliminated be should i.e. females, non-inseminated like considered be should returns short rule, a As from the file for the given year of calculation. Otherwise the chosen option should be indicated. 6.1.4.7 Number of first AI The number of first AI should be deviation standard indicated a for have will any AI NRR, 1600 or since 400 it 100, on is based related 50% of to NRR the a example, precision *or of estimation. the of 5, 2.5 or1.25 units of percentage. 6.1.4.8 Correction of NRR Numerous factors have been shown to be able to influence situation. the Some of NRR the according factors commonly to used are the herdsnot, : or breeding parity Yourself It of Do price, the semen month, or female season or (cow/heifer), year AI, technician, of herd,area week, the of day on milk recording or not, milk production for cows, female breed if several.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 7 &# in the text. bold Enumeration is bulleted and important information SECTION 7- GUIDELINES -OR HEALTH RECORDING Approved on: 30 May 2002 May 30 on: Approved ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ is shown in text boxes. Important words are printed with programmes breeding in involved breeders cattle dairy provide to is guidelines these of aim The a stepwise decision-support procedure establishing good practices in recording and evaluation of udder health (and correlated traits). These guidelines are prepared such that they can be both useful when a first start to the breeding programme is to be made, or programme is to be updated. In when addition, these guidelines supply basic information for breeders not an existing breeding familiar (inexperienced or ‘lay-persons’) with (biological and genetic) backgrounds of udder health and correlated traits. SECTION 7.1 - GUIDELINES -OR RECORDING AND EVALUATION O- UDDER HEALTH 7.1.1 Reader instructions These guidelines are written in a schematic way. 7.1.2 Aim of these guidelines Stepwise decision-support in developing a recording and evaluation system for udder health, to support a genetic improvement scheme in dairy cattle. 7.1.3 Structure of these guidelines These guidelines are divided in four parts: 1. General introduction 2. including a summary of the main principles; Background information 3.on udder health and correlated traits; Stepwise decision-support 4. for recording udder health and correlated traits; Stepwise decision-support for genetic evaluation of udder health and correlated traits.

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Age 1 Age Parity split Parity detectability, luteal luteal detectability, activity placement placement problems

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ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices Male *ertility Interval Calving – 1 – effect Calving Breeding goal trait for which predicted breedingcandidates selection potential values on available should be group Trait production Milk Milk/carrier kg Beef production Muscularity Daily gain/final weight % kg *at or ease Calving or % kg Protein Maternal Milk quality birth Still Udder health effect Direct % or Retail Dressing *atness, marbling Udder conformation *emale *ertility Interval Non-return rate e.g., k-casein problems Legs & *eet Score Cell Somatic Conformation incidence Clinical teat Udder depth, a.o. Workability Longevity diseases Other ability, speed, leakage Milk Locomotion Persistency Clinical Incidence stress/ Metabolis *eed efficiency set Rear angle, legs *oot Temperatment/Character metabolic Ketosis, residual *unctional, ○○○○○○

NTERBULL of mastitis like

with subclinical and

disease in dairy cattle because of its high Section 7- Guidelines for recording and evaluation of udder health most most costly animal welfare emphasis on production traits (milk and beef) and functional traits ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ balanced balanced selection is generally considered as the A healthy udder is an udder free from inflammatory responses to microorganisms. It It is important to reduce the incidence of mastitis, of because production efficiency and ○○○○○○○○○○○○

clinical mastitis incidence. A decreased udder health is an unfavourable phenomenon, because of several costs The experienced animal breeder using these guidelines should read chapter 1 and is advised to the text boxes of chapter 2. The inexperienced user is advised to read the full text of chapter 2. 7.1.4 General introduction A healthy udder can be best defined as an udder inflammatory that response, generally presumed to is be caused by ‘free a bacterium. from mastitis’. Mastitis is an Mastitis e.g. veterinary treatment, loss in milk production and untimely involuntary implies impaired culling. animal welfare. Mastitis also There is little hope that mastitis will be eradicated or an effective vaccine developed. The disease component important An possible. is disease this of incidence the reducing However, complex. too much should breeding cattle Dairy resistance. better a for breeding is mastitis of incidence the reducing in properly (such as fertility, establishing workability, support health, guidelines These longevity, overview. an feed for table efficiency). see This - traits requiresall of good evaluation and practices recording for groups trait other for Decision-support health. udder of evaluation and recording for practices good will be subject of other guidelines developed by the ICAR working group on *unctional Traits. Operational situation breeding value prediction to be aimed for in dairy cattle genetic improvement schemes (source Proceedings International Workshop on Genetic Improvement of *unctional Traits I Wageningen. 1999, 7-9th November schemes. selection and goals breeding - (GI*T) cattle in bulletin no. 23, page 221.) incidence and its physiological effects on e.g. milk production. In better many production countries in breeding dairyfor a cattle has been generally productionincrease,a with practised together for However, successful. been has dairyyears cows productive already. This selection for highly udder health has become worse. Production traits are unfavourably correlated

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 7 &' – fua udder : EBV for ms : EBV for teat tl index index Udder health health Udder log-scale; EBV log-scale; 2 –100)+ 0.065 x (EBV ud Total Score Total Conformation Conformation –100) +100 tl Sum Sum Durable –100) + 0.173 x (EBV PER(ORMANCE PER(ORMANCE ms : EBV for somatic cell count at count cell somatic for EBV : SCC - 100) – 0.108 x (EBV – 0.193 x (EBV SCC : EBV for udder depth; : EBV for fore udder attachment; EBV ud will be a weighted summation of estimated breeding values for recorded (direct and : EBV for udder health, EBV health, udder for EBV : ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ UH = –6.603 x EBV UH ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices Name bull SUNTOR MAGIC CAROL PRELUDE MTOTO ET WRANADA KING ARTHUR CAERNARVON THOR JUDSON-ET MAR-GAR CHOICE SALEM-ET *TL PRATER RAMOS DS-KIRBYVILLE MORGAN-ET 217 WHITTAIL VALLEY ZEST ET 87 V CENTA 65 97 52 112 107 108 109 165 107 158 111 111 108 111 111 51 115 192 104 129 110 112 108 110 112 111 110 110 ○○○○○○ 7.1.8 Evaluation evaluation genetic a for basis a as serve to combined be should farms different from data recorded The of potential selection candidates in the should genetic There improvement manner. uniforma in recorded scheme be to requiresdata evaluation (per genetic A internationally). region, country or on depends improvement genetic of quality The estimation. value breeding reliable for data ample be the quality of these estimated breeding values. breeding Estimated ranked. be will candidates selection values, breeding estimated the of basis the On values will be available per (recorded) trait, or as a combined ‘udder health index’. Such an health index indirect) traits. A ranking of selection candidates on an udder health index facilitates a selection on those animals that contribute mostly to improve udder health, i.e., Together with reduced indexes mastitis for other incidence. candidates. selection important of trait ranking overall groups,for used the index performance udder or merit health general index broader, can a towardsbe combined 7.1.8.1 Example sire evaluation in the Netherlands breeding estimated highest the with world-wide marketed bulls of 10 top the shows below table The value (EBV) for udder health breeding the (May of 2002). calculation This the shows is below on formula the The (NVO). basis breeding of cattle the for organization calculations Dutch of the national values for udder health: EBV where EBV where milking speed; EBV length ) Section 7- Guidelines for recording and evaluation of udder health Indirect Somatic cell count count cell Somatic Milkability Udder conformation traits . indirectly ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ and directly directly Unique animal identification and registration Unique herd identification and registration Individual animal pedigree information Birth registration A well functioning central database Milk recording system (time information and logistics of sampling milk samples Direct Clinical mastitis incidents Subclinical mastitis incidents Recording udder health ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Directly recorded mastitis is for example the number of clinical lactation. mastitis The incidents same per can cow be per done with subclinical mastitis, but recording this of is somatic mostly cell put count. on Other a traits par for with indirectly recording mastitis udder conformation traits (e.g. udder depth, are fore udder attachment, teat length). milkability and 7.1.5 Recording Selection on udder health starts with recording. Only by recording it is possible to differentiate in (predicted) breeding values for udder health between potential selection candidates. Mastitis can be recorded Clinical mastitis is an outer visual or perceptible a sign or abnormalmilk, by recognised of be also can responsean inflammatory The inflammatory udder. swollen red, painful, response of the udder: general illness of the cow, Sub-clinical with fever. mastitis is also an inflammatory response of the An incident of sub-clinical mastitis but without outer visual or perceptible signs of the udder. udder, count cell somatic and cytokines NAG-ase, milk, the of conductivity like indicators with detectable is milk. the in 7.1.6 Prerequisites Recording and evaluation of udder health requires measuring direct and indirect basic traits, information but is also necessary. starting With when case the an be not existing might which breeding available, generally is programmeinformation prerequisite this to health, be updated with udder with a new breeding programme. 7.1.7 Prerequisite information • • • • • •

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 7 ' ). somaticcell count . Clinical mastitis is observed as abnormal ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ . The most used indicator is the number of somatic cells per ml milk ( milk ml per cells somatic of number the is indicator used most The . ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 7.2.3 Clinical and subclinical mastitis Mastitis can be subdivided in clinical and subclinical mastitis. Clinical mastitis is with outer visual or perceptible signs of the udder or the milk milk, like flaky, clotted milk, and like / flaky, or “watery” milk. Possible perceptible signs on the udder are redness, painfulness and swollenness with fever. Subclinical mastitis is not perceptible directly by a farmer or veterinarian, but is detectable with indicators Other, Other, less practised physiological indicators of subclinical mastitis are electrical conductivity the milk, of N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase, bovine serum albumin, antitrypsin, sodium, potassium and lactose content. r Temp 105 102 101 98 96 98 96 96 107 of the causes d Milk spee 89 102 105 107 108 92 105 92 110 r somatic cell 105 105 101 107 103 105 97 104 104 100 111 111 96 101 103 97 101 103 99 94 Legs Udde t immune system immune Sta Functional traits Functional ure 102 97 108 96 103 100 104 97 94 mechanical prevention mechanical Long- evity 106 106 104 111 106 119 115 112 107 r Othe dis. dis. 97 100 100 103 103 99 103 108 98 traits, like e.g. teat length and udder Mast. resist 110 108 106 104 104 104 103 103 102 96 96 97 98 108 105 110 107 102 103 S MGS 108 104 89 106 97 115 96 106 106 Section 7- Guidelines for recording and evaluation of udder health . Dau Health traits Health fert. 96 97 95 105 105 107 108 104 100 udder udder conformation Daily Daily gain 97 97 92 98 96 106 111 104 97 105 kg kg Fat Calvings Calvings Fat 106 115 106 109 109 114 113 109 123 and the n kg Protei 106 119 108 106 100 111 105 107 117 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Milk kg 103 113 105 106 100 112 100 95 115 x milkability milkability Production traits Production Prod inde 107 119 108 106 101 111 106 108 118 l x it it Tota Mer Inde 14 18 12 13 11 21 14 14 20 . So, a short term increase in somatic cell count with or without accompanying clinical signs Name Name bull G Ross Botans Stöpafors Inlag-ET Torpane Flaka Bredåker Brattbacka Stensjö-ET ○○○○○○○○○○○○

7.1.8.2 Example sire evaluation in Sweden sorted Traits, functional other and health production, for bulls Swedish for values breeding Estimated on mastitis (*ebruary 2002). SECTION 7.2 - DETAILED IN-ORMATION ON UDDER HEALTH 7.2.1 Reader instruction is It traits. correlated and health udder on information background gives 2.0) (number chapter This about direct (clinical mastitis) and indirect traits (somatic boxes text and words printed cell bold the only reading reader experienced count, the *or traits). conformation milkability and udder should be sufficient. 7.2.2 Infection and defence the is microorganisms of infection an against defence of line first The mammary gland. This mechanical prevention is opposite to the ease of microorganisms enter defence this of quality The prevention. mechanical the weaker the entrance, the easier the canal: teat is related to the The Durable Performance Sum (DPS) is the Dutch basis for the overall ranking of bulls. The components The bulls. of ranking overall the for basis Dutch the is (DPS) Sum Performance Durable The conformation the of score total the is Score Total The durability. and health production, are DPS the of of the bulls. The components for this trait are type, udder conformation and feet & legs. depth. However, when microorganismsthe when then mammary gland, the enter However, depth. an attraction of leukocytes to the place of infection, which count results in an enlarged are on one hand a symptom of a failing first line of defence, but appropriate on immunological reaction. the The picture other below hand shows the indicating infection process, an together with the destruction of a milk-secreting cell.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 7 '! Epithelial cells Epithelial whose primary functions are to are functions primary whose to the mammary gland and the Days in Days trial body defence cells defence body are present in milk in response to tissue damage and/or speed speed of cell recruitment White White blood cells Normal milk has less than 200,000 cells per millilitre. . ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The The somatic cell count is the number of somatic cells per millilitre of milk. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices omatic cell count (x 1000) 1000) (x count cell omatic S 1996) Schepers, (Source: 28 day at event mastitis clinical a with count cell somatic Daily ○○○○○○ The somatic cell count is the most widely accepted criterion for indicating the udder health status of a dairy herd. An enlarged number of somatic cells defence in reaction milk, which is unfavourable, points to a Somatic cells in milk are primarily leukocytes or white blood cells along with sloughed epithelial or milk secreting cells. clinical and subclinical mastitis infections. These cell numbers increase in milk as the cow’s immune system works to repair damaged tissues and combat mastitis-causing organisms. As the degree of cells. blood white of level the does so increase, infections of severity the or damage are always present in milk at low levels. They are there as a result of a natural process inside the udder whereby new cells automatically replace old tissue cells. Epithelial cells result in normal milk SCC levels of <50,000. <200,000. consistently is that one is delivery on SCC bulk for standard industry recommended The mastitis no to minimal have <100,000, SCC herd a maintaining in successful are which herds, Many infections. eliminate infections and repair tissue damage. Somatic cell levels or numbers in the mammary gland mammary the in numbers or levels cell Somatic damage. tissue repair and infections eliminate Somatic infections. fight to blood the from recruited be can that cells of pool whole the reflect not do cells are sent in high numbers only when and where they needed. Therefore, high SCC indicates mammary infection. A certain number of cells is necessary once with a Together favourite low an SCC, the infection invades the udder. cell competency are the major factors in infection prevention. So, somatic cells are partly white blood cells or cells blood white partly are cells somatic So, is fully is S. agalactiae Section 7- Guidelines for recording and evaluation of udder health (> 40% of all infections), infections), all of 40% (> (5 - 10% of all infections): infections): all of 10% - (5 (30 - 40% of all infections). infections). all of 40% - (30

steptococci bacterium is hardly eradicable, but can be reduced reduced be can but eradicable, hardly is bacterium Streptococcus uberis Streptococcus bovis Streptococcus dysgalactiae Streptococcus Enterococcus faecium Enterococcus faecalis Escherichia coli pneumoniae Klebsiella Klebsiella oxytoca oxytoca Klebsiella resistant cows, e.g. early lactation) resistant cows, is possible) Streptococcus agalactiae Staphylococcusaureus ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ------S. aureus - infections): all of 1% (< Coliforms - cow the of environment the source: - primary lower the (especially mastitis clinical of rate high - 300,000 than (lessis high not necessarily individual SCC environmental - - primary cows,source: infectedof-udders atmilking - time, other is primarily spread tocows results in bulk high tank SCC. - - is caused by: is caused is caused by: is caused Mastitis causing bacteria Mastitis Contagious mastitis The to less than 5% of the cows in a herd. The The herd. a in cows of the 5% than less to eradicable from a herd. mastitis Environmental

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 7 '# ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ On-farm management decision-support Although these quidelines focus on evaluation of udder health for improvement, genetic information is also very useful for on-farm decision-support. Routinely recording of clinical incidents and somatic cell count allows presentation the of key figures for veterinary herd management. Operational - individual animal level decision support To animal. individual per presented be can recording of Results making, a note can accompany the presentation of the recording level when the level is above a certain threshold. *or example, a SCC above indicates 200,000 that the cow may suffer from subclinical additional An mastitis culturing. bacteriological a perform to advised and is it or treatment requires which for levels attention with cows of overview direct a provide might listing further action is advised. More sophisticated decision support may include correction of the observed lactation) in stage or parity as (such effects environmental systematic for level and time analysis. curative and preventive different requires bacteria different by caused Mastitis culturing bacteriological from information Therefore, taken. be to measurements is generally very important in operational farm management. Tactical - herd level Publication of key figures on mastitis incidence, bacteriological culturing and general A term. tactical the at support decision provide will level herd at SCC course the present to also but averages, recent present to is recommendation of the averages over a longer time period. If available, it is advised to include farms. (similar) of group larger a of mean a with averages the of comparison a *or example, the average on SCC might be compared with the average bulk somatic cell count for all farms delivering milk to the same factory. *arm averages might also be specified for different groups of animals at the farm. *or example, SCC might be presented as an average for first lactation specific require groups which denotes This animals. parity later versus females attention in the preventive and curative management. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Section 7- Guidelines for recording and evaluation of udder health ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ veterinary farm management support (i.e., identification of diseased animals and treatment establishing procedure), measures), epidemiological preventive and regulations drugs (i.e., policy-making veterinary national citizens’ and consumers’ concerns about animal health and welfare and product quality and safety (i.e., chain management, product labelling), genetic improvement (i.e., monitoring genetic level of the population and strategies). selection and mating ○○○○○○○○○○○○

7.2.4 Aspects of recording clinical and sub-clinical mastitis Recording clinical mastitis is possible but not common practice (yet). Scandinavian countries are the only countries that include mastitis incidence directly in their national recording and evaluation other countries are working on a national recordingprograms. However, and evaluation scheme for mastitis incidence as well. Reasons for increased interest in recording clinical mastitis are in • • • • It is to be emphasised that recording of clinical mastitis is difficult, as it requires a clear definition (as given in these guidelines), an accurate administration with for example dates of incidence and (unique) cow numbers. It is also important that the reasons stakeholders and that information is not only gathered but also processed centrally, to obtain clear for recording are made clear to information for farm management support to be reported back to the farmer. The (phenotypic) occurrence of clinical or subclinical mastitis is influenced by the genetic merit of phenotypic total the considering When effects. environmental by and value) breeding (its animal the between differences genetic of because is % 2-5 about mastitis clinical for animals, between variance the animals. The remaining differences between animals are because of influences different and environmental measuring errors. Known systematic environmental influences are for parity example of in the cow or stage in lactation. An evaluation of udder health traits will have consider to these carefully systematic environmental influences. 7.2.4.1 Health card In Norway, *inland and Denmark each individual cow has a health card, which is updated each time the veterinarian treats the animal. *or example in Norway is a strict regulation of drugs such that all antibiotic treatments are carried out by the veterinary, and the farmer is not allowed treating condition a administration; accurate very a requires consistency and Completeness animals. own his in order to let a health card system be useful for breeding programs. 7.2.4.2 Quality control regularly is farm the that milk’ of quality on control ‘chain the in included now is it Netherlands, the In visited by a veterinarian to record health status of the cows. This gives a ‘test-day’ comparison of all cows in the herd. This information can possibly be programmes used and for selection for programmes. national veterinarian monitoring In many countries a reliable recording of clinical mastitis incidents is hard to achieve, which makes this highly genetically is (SCC) count cell Somatic index. health udder an developing in step first the not trait correlated with clinical mastitis: 0.60-0.70. This means, that when analysing field data, an observed

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 7 '% Bulk somatic cell count farmmanagement In level. animal on SCC considered have we Sofar, also the average bulk somatic cell count (BSCC) is of interest. In many countries the BSCC is a basis for milk price payment by the dairy industry. The BSCC can also play a role in decision-support. invasive contagious, of levels high with deal mainly herds BSCC High organisms, which are mostly subclinical. Many cows are infected and substantial udder damage and milk Environmental losses mild. usually are are they caused. clinical, become When infections these infections are rarely seen because they are have herds opportunists SCC Low and organisms. can invasive highly the with compete not low levels of contagious, invasive pathogens. Thus, when they do have infections, they are usually environmental. Environmental infections are very vivid, with a severe illness and a possible death as a result. Environmental infections are not invasive, but opportunistic, thus most animals who get these are usually good A animals. lactation early e.g. stressed, heavily or suppressed management from the farmer can reduce the number environmental of infections. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The upper 95% confidence limit for somatic cell counts in uninfected cows, in three cows, differentlimit somatic in cellforuninfected confidence counts upperThe 95% 1997). al., et Schepers (Source: milk in days on dependence in parities, ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ several r 0 1 % >600 numbe Lactation % 501-600 Section 7- Guidelines for recording and evaluation of udder health % 301-500 3456789 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ % 201-300 2 1 e for reducing the amount of subclinical mastitis (an increased number of somatic cells in % <200 0 somatic cell counts can be routinely recorded in most milk opportunities recording of accurate, systems, complete and standardised giving observations; better about 10-15% of the observed variation in SCC is caused by differences in breeding values of the animals, which is higher than in clinical mastitis; it also reflects incidence of subclinical intramammary infections. 0. 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 100.0 Percentage of cows in different SCC-classes (x 1000; year 2000 calvings, Australia) per per Australia) calvings, 2000 year 1000; (x SCC-classes different in cows of Percentage lactation(Source 2001).Hiemstra, Percentag ○○○○○○○○○○○○

high level of SCC is generally accompanied by a clinical mastitis event. In other words, although milk of caused is SCC in variance the of most data, field day-to-day in SCC, in variance shows also cows healthy events. mastitis clinical by Given its high correlation to clinical mastitis, SCC is an appropriate indicator of udder health, as • • • 7.2.5 Relevance or lowering SCC The importance of reducing clinical mastitis seems clear (high costs importance and of reducingimpaired subclinical welfare), mastitis might the seem less obvious. However, there are reasons like: cattle, dairy in (SCC)) milk

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 7 '' for into the . farmer’s farmer’s labour time optimum optimum level easier easier mechanical entry of pathogens . With each milking, the last fraction of milk contains 3 to 10 times . The genetic correlation is assumed to be non-linear. This means that at low and mediate and low at that means This non-linear. be to assumed is correlation genetic The . ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ a (national) recording programme for milking speed, or giving an integral, operational decision-supportconductivity, for the farmer in detecting cows with udder health problems. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Recording of milking speed can be practised with advanced equipment. This advanced equipment can equipment advanced This equipment. advanced with practised be can speed milking of Recording be: 1)of part as herds recording specific at or intervals regular at installed be to equipment additional an 2) an integral part of the milking system at the farm, together with for example recording of milk An overall subjective scoring of milking speed can also be practised. The farmer can make a linear scoring of 1 very slow to 5 very fast (see also chapter 3). more cells than the first fraction. This however depends on the completeness of withdrawing milk from the which udder, itself is again related to milking speed. A higher milking milking that speed, suggestion the facilitates supports This a SCC. higher a causing udder the of draining complete more speed is unfavourably correlated with SCC but not with clinical mastitis. Another important point is that milking speed is associated with the 7.2.5.2 Natural defense system Part of the somatic cells is white blood cells - system. they Trying are to an lower essential the part incidence of of the cases cow's with immune highly indicator increased that somatic a cell defense count reaction (as was an necessary) is advised. Trying below natural levels in to milk of healthy cows is not lower advised. An essential part of the somatic natural defense cell count system is also the speed of white blood cells recruitment. 7.2.6 Milkability There is an unfavourable genetic correlation between milkability (milking speed, milking ease or milk count. cell somatic lactation higher a have to tend cows milking *aster count. cell somatic and flow) In general, an unfavourable genetic correlation between milkability (i.e., milking speed) and udder health is assumed. This is explained by a possibly udder associated with an easier exit of milk out of the udder ant teat canal. some However, remarks are to be made with respect to this correlation between milkability udder health. and Non-linearity speed, milking high extremely with Only health. udder on influence no is there speed milking of levels also observed as leakage of milk before milking time, the teat entrance canal of microorganisms. is too wide facilitating easy Complete draining with milking decreased and power electrical for costs decreased implies cow per speed milking Increased milking. wear on milking equipment. Combining the two main aspects 1. reducing milking speed, or more specifically leakage as wanted because of udder health and 2. increasing milking speed because of reducing labour time makes that milking speed is a trait with an intermediate, Days after calving after Days Section 7- Guidelines for recording and evaluation of udder health somatic cell count lowering ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ by decreasing the amount of casein as a percentage of total protein in milk and by decreasing the efficiency of conversion of casein into cheese. )requency mastitis clinicalaccordingincidents of lactationdistribution to stage (Source: Schepers, 1996) count) have lower incidence of clinical mastitis and fewer clinical episodes during first and second lactation. cheese yield. Increased SCC decreases cheese yield in two ways: • clinical mastitis: low incidence and few episodes, improved dairy product quality, higher milk prices. • • ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Mastitis incidence (%) incidence Mastitis

1.cell somatic of (log-transformation score cell somatic lowest the transmit that sires of Daughters 2.and life shelf dairyproductquality, improve to shown been has (SCC) count cell Decreasedsomatic 3. High SCC in milk affects the price of milk in many payment systems 4.that are based on milk quality. High SCC milk has a reduced flavour score because of an increase in salts. 7.2.5.1 Advantages of • · •

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 7  Lactaction number Lactaction 1 2 3 Distance between front teathDistance between front teath 18.1 14.2 20.2 14.9 21.6 15.5 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ BreedHolstein Trait (cm) Distance rear udder-floorJersey Distance rear udder-floor 60.5 51.2 55.6 51.8 47.5 44.8 Example age effect on udder conformation udder on effect age Example The influence of age on udder conformation in Holstein )riesian and Jersey (Source: Oldenbroek et al., 1993). the milk. frequently used indicator is the number of somatic cells in recorded parallel milk to milk recording. (SCC), which can be routinely ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ *ore udder attachment also attachment has (better conformation an udder improved important that is influence here aspect main on the again the Probably length. udder health together with teat and shorter teats) decreases exposure to pathogens. Again, also other traits are of importance, but the genetic relationship with udder health may be lower, and different traits may provide similar genetic information. This health indexes to generally be based on a limited number of udder conformation traits causes only. udder (directly favours cows of selection Moreover, animal. the of lifetime over changes conformation Udder observations either that implies, This conformation. udder better with cows of survival indirectly) or used for genetic evaluation are to be taken from are to be adjusted for age effects, or observations a specified age only. In general, (inter)national evaluations are based on observations during first lactation only. 7.2.8 Summary of example An traits. health udder indirect and direct includes index health udder complete most The countries. Scandinavian the in happens as index the in mastitis clinical of inclusion the is trait direct a In some other countries, like The Netherlands, Canada and the United States, only indirect traits are used in the udder health index. These indirect traits can be subdivided in three main somatic groups: cell count, milkability and udder conformation traits. 1. Recording clinical mastitis directly by a farmer or veterinarian: outer visual signs on the udder or 2. Recording subclinical mastitis: not visual directly, but only perceptible by indicators. The most Section 7- Guidelines for recording and evaluation of udder health ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ (ore (ore udder attachmentMedian suspensory ligamentTeat placement Udder depth Rear udder height Teat length )igure: A generalised representation of the milk flow curve (source: Dodenhoff curve(source: 2000). )igure: A generalisedrepresentation al., et milk the of flow ○○○○○○○○○○○○

7.2.7 Udder conformation traits Linear udder conformation is part of the recommended conformation recording in dairy approved cattle by the World as Holstein *riesian *ederation (WH**) and ICAR (see section 5.1 of the ICAR guidelines as available Approvedwww.icar.org). standard traits are: is traits of set this of approval for reason The 3. Chapter in given is traits these of description full A trait the or health, udder for value predictive a have can traits these of each that fact the on based influences workability (and thus milking time). We therefore also recommend recordingconformation according to the ICAR/WH**-recommendations. of udder Based on literature studies some indicative relative importance of the udder traits conformation can trait be with given. the healthier are The largest udders shallow why influence reason A on udders. deep udder than healthier obviously health be to is appear udders the udder depth. Shallow may be that deep udders have an increased exposure to pathogenic bacteria and are more likely to injured. be

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 7 ! g, g, guidelines section 2.1 Appendix D). .or .icar www Breed Breed codeCountry of birth codeSex code Animal code Character 3 Character 3 Character 1 Character 12 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 7.3.2.2 Interbull recommendation animal ID be never birth, at animal the to given animal, that to unique be should ID animal’s Each used again for any other animal, and be used throughout the life of the animal in the country of birth and also by all other countries. The following information should be provided for each animal: 7.3.2.3 Interbull recommendation pedigree information Birth date and sire and dam IDs should be recorded for all animals. evaluation Genetic centers should, in cooperation with other interested parties, information. keep pedigree and ID missing with animals of percentage report and track The overall quantitative measure of data quality should include percentage of sire and dam identified animals or alternatively percentage identified of non-parent of percentage the reduce missing to adopted be should Measures ID's. animals and missing birth information to very low numbers and ideally to zero. Examples of such measures are supervision of natural matings and inseminations, avoidance artificial of mixed semen, monitoring parturitions, comparison of birth date with calving date of dam, taking bull's ID from AI straws, etc. If there is the slightest doubt about parentage recommended. is of birth at a parentage ascertain calf, to micro-satellites, utilization e.g. markers, of genetic Until this goal is achieved, it is the INTERBULL recommendation that doubtful pedigree and birth information to be set to unknown (set parent ID to zero). ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 7.3.2.1 General definitions is period lactation A birth. gives animal the day the on commence to considered is period lactation A considered to end the day animal ceases give milk (goes dry). The lactation number refers the number of the last lactation period started by lactation last the day the the and incident mastitis the of date calendar between span time the denotes animal. The number of days in during occurs incident lactation the when negative be may lactation in days of number The commenced. period the dry-period proceeding next calving. *or more detailed information on the definition of lactation period, please see general ICAR guidelines ( bulletin no. 28 (2001). Two aspects of these of aspects Two (2001). 28 no. bulletin Section 7- Guidelines for recording and evaluation of udder health NTERBULL ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ recommendations, animal ID and pedigree information, are cited below. Clinical Subclinical SCC Udder Udder SCC Subclinical conformation Clinical 1 2 3 4 udder health. The most important one by far is udder depth, followed by fore udder attachment and attachment udder fore by followed depth, udder is far by one important most The health. udder teat length. milking, for time labour reduces it as favourable is speed milking high trait: optimum an is Milkability but it increases leakage of milk and thus bacterial invasion of the teat canal. Unique animal identification and registration Unique herd identification and registration Individual animal pedigree information Birth registration A well functioning central database Milk recording system (time information and logistics of sampling milk samples) Direct Indirect Indirect Direct Milkability ood recording practices udder health index NTERBULL ○○○○○○○○○○○○

I G 3. Recording udder conformation. There are several udder conformation traits with an influence on 4.farmer. the by appraisal (linear) or measurement actual by speed) milking (i.e., milkability Recording SECTION 7.3 - DECISION-SUPPORT -OR RECORDING 7.3.1 Reader instruction This chapter gives a stepwise description of the possibilities to record udder health and correlated indicator traits. The starting-point is a situation in which not many efforts have been done yet, to is this ?” “Who by record, to ?” “What on given is description a step, each In health. udder improve done, and “When ? “. 7.3.2 Step 0 - Prerequisites for: accounted be should prerequisites of number a developed, be can system health udder an Before • • • • • • I referto we general, prerequisitesin these *or

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 7 # g, guidelines section .or .icar www ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ There are several characteristics that can be measured on the conformation of the The udder. loose tight tight loose narrow wide Sampling of milk of individual cows for analysis of fat and protein content, and thus also for SCC, for also thus and content, protein and fat of analysis for cows individual of milk of Sampling

5.1). Scoring these traits happens by scaling from 1 to 9. The figures below show the possibilities: the show below figures The 9. to 1 from scaling by happens traits these Scoring 5.1). is generally done with a three-, four- or five-weeks interval. With common milking systems, twice (robotic systems milking automated With milking. evening and morning both includes sampling day, a milking), sampling can be automatically performed on a 24-hours basis, taking samples from each visit of the cow to the robot. most common ones are fore udder attachment, front teat placement, teat length, udder depth, rear udder height and median suspensory ligament (ICAR/WH**; ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices Fore udder attachment (FUA) (FUA) attachment udder Fore 9 5 1 Front teat placement (FTP) 9 5 1 Teat length (TL) 9 long 5 1 short ○○○○○○ When ? When 7.3.4 Step 2 - Udder conformation What ? www.idf.org). In Section 7- Guidelines for recording and evaluation of udder health Fat Fat Coulter Counter Coulter Laboratory - milk samples collection collection samples milk - ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Central database database Central Farm In a milk recording system, with regular intervals milk samples are taken per cow. Samples are Milk samples are taken either by an officer of the milk recording organisation or by the farmer.

milk of first parity cows, SCC ranges from 50.000-100.000 cells per ml from healthy udders to > 1.000.000 cells per ml from udder 200.000 cells > quarters SCC a having having an milk with inflammatory udders in infection. diagnosed is A mastitis subclinical current that is ID* standard per ml. SCC can be presented either in absolute SCC or in classes based on distribution of absolute SCC is very skewed, generally a log-transformation the is applied to a Somatic absolute SCC. As the Cell Score (SCS). Other log-transformations are also used, sometimes including a correction of SCC for milk yield and effects like SCS season again and can parity. be analysed as a linear trait or used to define classes. SCC and SCS are generally recorded on a periodical supplied. basis, especially be when included to in the are regular sampling of day and number animal unique the record, Per scheme. milk-recording When recorded on a periodical basis, animals just starting their lactation may be included. Milk in and records on animals less then strongly augmented level of SCC a the first week of lactation has 5 days in lactation are generally ignored in further analyses. Logistics of handling samples (from the farmer to the laboratories) are generally organised by the identification unique strict a include logistics these that important is It organisation. recording milk milk the to transferred be will results Lab sample. milk each with number cow individual and herd of recording organisation, the last one also taking care of reporting results in an informative way to the farmer. being gathered and taken to an official laboratorium for analysis on contents of fat and protein. In addition, milk samples can be used for among others analysis of milk urea or somatic cell count. equipment. *ossomatic or Counter Coulter using obtained is samples milk in (SCC) count cell Somatic Standardised procedures are available from the International Dairy *ederation ( Evaluation on farm Genetic evaluation evaluation Genetic farm on Evaluation decision-support Protein Protein SCC

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7.3.3 Step 1 - Somatic cell count using milk recording systems recording milk using count cell Somatic - 1 Step 7.3.3 What ? Who ?

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 7 % Median Median ligament suspensory Rear udder height height udder depth depth Udder Udder Teat ength ength

(ront teat placement placement Piet Paaltjes Paaltjes Piet TOP-COW-BRED TOP-COW-BRED Hiemstra-dairy UBN 3459678 2002 24, May (ore udder attachment attachment 5 2 4 5 3 3 7 2 4 3 6 2 3 5 5 6 6 2 7 3 8 4 7 3 7 4 8 4 0538 0539 0540 0541 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ . . .. In most current conformation scoring systems, only the cows in their first lactation are scored. In most current conformation scoring systems, only

The milkability (or milking speed) can be measured routinely on a large scale by subjectively Specialised inspectors score the udder conformation from the data processing organisation. Their organisation. processing data the from conformation udder the score inspectors Specialised

scoring (the milking speed of certain small numbers of cows equipment). can A be milkability-form measured contains the with individual advanced cows together with the possibilities “very slow, slow, average, fast or very fast milking”. An example of a milkability-form is stated below: This makes scoring at least once a year necessary, assuming it However, would a be better calving to score interval more than of once a for 12 year, example once months. per 9 months. A heifer with a calving interval of 11 months will be dried off after 9 months. Such a heifer can be missed, when scoring only once per 12 months is performed. specialism can be guaranteed through regular meetings, where new standards *riesian Holstein can the for come inspectors up of standardisation for international organises WH** The discussion. breed. The inspectors bring the records to the data processing organisation, where the records will be processed, stored and used for evaluation. Again, it is important that the reports include a strict unique identification of herd and individual cow The number. inspectors also leave a copy of the report with the farmer. udder health, linkage of In order to let the udder conformation information be useful for estimating Cow number the udder conformation data to the SCC-information should be warranted. 1543895 1543895 1543895 1543895 Inspector Organisation Herd inspection of Date ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ When ? When A report per cow is made of the six udder conformation traits mentioned above. An example of such a report is stated below: ? Who 7.3.5 Step 3 - Milking speed What ? Section 7- Guidelines for recording and evaluation of udder health ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ weak strong strong weak Udder depth (UD) (code 1 is lower than hock) hock) than lower 1 is (code (UD) depth Udder 9 5 shallow 2 deep (RUH) height udder Rear 9 5 high low 1 9 (MSL) ligament suspensory Median 5 1

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TOP-COW-BRED 3459678 UBN Hiemstra-dairy January-June, 2002 (armer . *or this purpose the database will have to include birth date and Date Details June 2 June 2 Veterinarytreatment days days in lactation ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ cow Except for some specific infections during the growing period, mastitis is related to lactation *ebruary 5 - - 5 *ebruary 26 January 17 April 31 May “milk” watery and clotted Extremely injury Teat Culled June 2nd calving dates of the individual animals. The incidence of mastitis is generally expressed per lactation period, specifying lactation number (or period parity of the cow). Standardised length of the lactation period is 305 days. However, calving after days 210 until calving to prior days 15 of period standardised a incidence mastitis for is advised (or to date of culling if less than 210 days after calving). Clinical mastitis can be recorded on a daily basis, i.e., all (new) incidents are registered when they afterwards are incidents no having Cows treated. (first) are they when and/or observed (first) are coded ‘healthy’. Clinical mastitis can also be recorded on a periodical basis, e.g. by a veterinarian visiting the farm monthly, coding all animals momentary diseased or healthy. Additional information on mastitis incidence may be obtained from culling reasons. Culling reason potentially makes it possible to identify cows with mastitis that When the are culling reason is mastitis, this culled can be considered as an additional instead incident. of treated. However, incident. the of length the define to feasible becomes it basis, daily a registrationon With this requires very careful observation and registration. An incident may be defined as ‘repeated’ or observation former the after longer or 3 days is treatment veterinary or observation the when treatment. Other additional information on udder health is in recording the quarter. number of a database link (using a unique animal number) then will have to provide be processed (at the farm, by the veterinary service, or e.g., the milk recording organisation) and sent to a central database, which can be done by telephone or computer either directly or from from the processing the organisation. farm of the adult female. Individual mastitis incidents are to be recorded specifying A veterinarian or the farmer can record clinical mastitis incidence. The obtained information has to has information obtained The incidence. mastitis clinical record can farmer the or veterinarian A ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices Eartag number Organisation Organisation Herd Period inspection of 0538 0576 0529 0541 0602 . Person scoring Example of form for farmers recording mastitis incidents incidents mastitis recording farmers for form of Example ○○○○○○ When? When? Who?

Section 7- Guidelines for recording and evaluation of udder health (armer TOP-COW-BRED 3459678 UBN Hiemstra-dairy May 24, 2002 4 x x 5 2 x 4 3 x x x = inflammatory response of the udder: painful, red, with fever. swollen udder, 0538 0539 0540 0541 = absence of clinical or sub-clinical mastitis. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ...... Cow number number Cow slow Very Slow Average (ast fast Very 1543895 1543895 1543895 1543895 Person scoring Organisation Herd Date recording of Clinical mastitis Besides udder. the of perceptiblesigns or visual outer possibly and abnormalmilk, in results This the cow can show a general illness. Healthy udder As the milking speed does not really change over lactations, estimating the milking speed only in As the milking speed does not really change over

In recording of udder health, the following general trait definition is recommended (following ID* The milkability-forms The farmer have can to send be the filled formup to the milk by the farmer. recording organisation or give the form to officer of milk during that important is it Again, evaluation. the for used be can information the this After recording. milk the forms include a strict unique identification of herd and individual cow number. milkability the of linkage health, udder estimating for useful be information milkability the let to order In data to the SCC-information should be warranted. recommendations): • • the cow’s first lactation is sufficient. Again, assuming a 12 months calving interval, makes a scoring a makes interval, calving months 12 a assuming Again, sufficient. is lactation first cow’s the of the milking speed once a year necessary. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

When ? When Who ? incidence mastitis Clinical - 4 Step 7.3.6 ? What

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 7 bulletin no. 28, and the reports of the NTERBULL ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ How were herds selected? How were recording persons (e.g., veterinarians, and farmers) selected and standardised instructed? recording protocol used? Any What types of recording forms or (computer) programs are used? - What type of equipment is used? Is there any (change of) selection of animals within herds? or animal, living a for exist number unique the does (E.g., practised? are checks data of types What is recording date within a known lactation period?) Are averages and standard deviations within herds or per recording person standardised? Is a minimum of records per herd, animal or whatever applied before data analysis is started ? ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ • • • • case In recording date. the and number, animal individual unique a include least at should record Each The included. be to is recording the for responsible person of identification unique a also mastitis, of recording milk sire), (e.g., file pedigree a to link data a facilitate should number animal individual unique file (e.g., calving date, birth date) and to a unique herd number. When this date, birth data pedigree, include also should count links cell somatic and mastitis can on record each established, not be calving date and parity and unique herd number. and adjustment checking, data any of required is specification precise recording, of completion After selection steps. Examples: • • • Consistency information and of amount completeness The results. of the the on discussion recording a in and included representativeness be to of is this the on doubt data Any is importance. of utmost and the data structure determine the accuracy of the result; measures always of be provided. this accuracy should *or general information we on referdata quality, to I SECTION 7.4 - DECISION-SUPPORT -OR GENETIC EVALUATION 7.4.1 Genetic evaluation Information from a single farm can be combined internationally).with even or organisation,information breeding from or country, other region, farms (per evaluation to genetic serve a for as basis a prerequisite second A manner. uniform a recordedin is information that course of is prerequisite first A is a (national) database with appropriate data logistics to combine identification and pedigree registration), milk recording files files and files with (herd reproductive data. book, 7.4.2 Presentation of genetic evaluations routinely a on available are sires marketed for health udder on values breeding that recommended is It basis, i.e., included in a listing of marketed sires by official organisations. be The preferably should itself index health udder udder The sub-indexes. major the of one health considered be might index composed of predicted breeding values for direct traits and predicted breeding values for indirect, indicator traits (i.e., udder conformation, SCS and milk flow). Combination of direct and indirect ICAR working group on Data Quality. . 2001 2001 . et al et Science, 83: 2350-2360) (Journalof Dairy Nash et al., 2000 (Livestock (Livestock Production Heringstad Science, 67: 265-272) 265-272) 67: Science, ) - recommendations on standard on recommendations - ) 0 to 8) mastitis mastitis 20.5 % of the the of % 20.5 (sd 1.03, range range 1.03, (sd cows had clinical clinical had cows on average 0.48 0.48 average on Section 7- Guidelines for recording and evaluation of udder health Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus episodes episodes , coliform, , culling reasons total number total of clinicalnumber Clinical mastitis (0/1) - (0/1) mastitis Clinical 15-210 days, including ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Staphylococcus Aureus Staphylococcus clinical vs (2) subclinical vs (0) healthy, or clinical vs (0) subclinical + healthy, or clinical + subclinical vs (0) healthy. recording of incidents per lactation period -10 to 210 days in lactation repeated observation when 3 days or longer after last observation inclusion of culling for mastitis as additional incident. inflammation the for responsible bacterium specific the find to samples milk of culturing Bacteriological (e.g., methodology are provided by the ID* removal of teats, teat injuries - there are standards for scoring of teat injuries, but these are not included in any official guideline Examples data Specification Red, first Norwegian parity definition Specification Holstein *riesian, US first parity Reference ○○○○○○○○○○○○

7.3.6.1 Summarising mastitis Basic observation: clinical mastitis, subclinical mastitis, healthy. be To coded as: • • • combination allows This date. calendar + mastitis observation + number cow unique is data Primary calculation allows also This data. recording milk and reproduction data, pedigree data, herd other with of a contemporary group mean (e.g., based on all animals in the same herd and parity). Other aspects are: • • • 7.3.6.2 Other udder health information • 7.3.7 Step 5 - Data quality Recorded data should always be accompanied by a full description of the recording programme. • *or the recording of subclinical mastitis, we can also use measurements others than SCC, either from on-line recording in the milking parlour or from centralised analysis of milk samples. In these lot A cytokines. and NAG-ase, milk, of conductivity to paid is attention further no recommendations, of work in this area is in and Meters on Sub-Committee progress ICAR the of information and to refer we information further some for - systems of it is already implemented in automated milking Jars.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 8 ! SECTION 8 - OTHER NON-PRODUCTIVE TRAITS RECORDING ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Section 7- Guidelines for recording and evaluation of udder health ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○

information maximises accuracy of selection on resistance towards clinical and subclinical mastitis. In turn, the udder health index should be used to compose an overall ranking of animals. overall performance index, for an The udder health index can be presented (1) either in absolute units (e.g., monetary units or % of standard standardised or observed an either using (2) and terms, relative in or daughters) diseased deviation, and (3) relative to either an absolute or relative genetic basis (e.g., as a deviation from 100). It is recommended that a uniform basis of presenting indexes for functional traits is chosen per country or breeding organisation. Within the udder health index, the weighting of predicted trait between relationship on breeding dependent - content information the on based values be to is traits predictor (PBVs) for direct and the As observations). underlying of number the (i.e., PBVs the of accuracy the and health, udder and should index health udder the within weighting relative sire, per differ generally contents information be performed on an individual sire basis. relativethe on based be to is index ranking overall an of part as index health udder the of Weighting other to relative health udder improved genetically of value social-cultural) and ecological (economic, traits.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 9 8 # Bison , American bison (include in particular the Bison and Bubulus Bubulus bubalis Bubalus , Bos , Indian buffalo to be printed on a bovine semen straw. Bos indicus , Zebu Bison bonasus) Bison SECTION 9 - DATA DE-INITION AND DATA TRANS-ER Approved on: 30 May 2002 May 30 on: Approved minimum minimum information Bos Bos taurus ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ and European bison bovine species bison the bull collection (/n) or for all bulls (/nn). It is also called charge number. collected and processed for use in artificial insemination. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 9.1 - ICAR GUIDELINES -OR STRAW IDENTI-ICATION -OR BOVINE SEMEN 9.1.1 Object of the guidelines The guidelines define the the help to order in given also are recommendations general printed, be to is information additional If users. 9.1.2 -ield of application The guidelines apply to bovine semen straws used for international trade, for either fresh or deep- frozen semen. 9.1.3 Definitions 1. “2a” means two digits with 2.an alphanumeric format “3n” means three digits 3.with a numeric format “bovine” means domestic animals of the genera 4. “bull” means a bovine male as defined 5.above “ejaculate” means the semen 6. released by one ejaculation “collection” means the entire successive 7.ejaculates from the same donor in the same day “collection sequence : for a given location and a given day, means the rank of the ejaculate within 8. “semen collection centre” means an approved and supervised establishment in which semen is Section 8- Other non-productive traits recording ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 9 % Within the EU, semen produced has to be labelled with its IBR status. The status. IBR its with labelled be to has produced semen EU, the Within . It should be adjusted to the date separated with a slash “YYDDD/1”. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ . Either the short name (commercial name) or the full name can be used. format for this has to be defined by the European Commission and will be part of this recommendation this of part be will and Commission European the by defined be to has this for format as soon as it is available. the “uniform bull code” from NAAB (example 132HO12345) a unique national bull number preceded by the ISO country code (example *R12345) ICAR proposal of September 1995 ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○○○ The ICAR short list of the most relevant breeds for the international trade in semen is attached to bull uniform the of part integrated an as or alone presented be can code breed The guidelines. these code. C) Compulsory information. 9.1.6.2 Identification of the bull It can be either the Interbull international identification code or a world-wide unique bull code. The international identification comprises the ISO country code (2a) and a registration number of identification international This *R1234567890. instance for 12n), (max country the within bull the is used for any purpose It including may traceability. or may not be the HB number. international the with documents transport the on cross-referenced be must it used, is code bull a If identification of the bull. : be can code bull This • • 9.1.7 Information related with the semen 9.1.7.1 Collection code It is recommended to print the collection date with Julian format “YYDDD” where YY two last digits of the year (99, 01) and DDD is the day number (from 001 to 366). The collection sequence is considered as an additional information, but if it is printed, it should be adjusted to the date separated with a slash “YYDDD/1”. 9.1.7.2 *ormat for additional information A) NameB) Collection sequence 9.1.8 Explanatory notes Comments on the recommendation 9.1.8.1 History of the discussions identification straw for recommendation international an define to made been have attempts Several from which are the following : • Section 9- Data definition and data transfer ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ insemination. the bovine animals and preceded with the ISO country code. code” (3n), the breed (2a) and a number (5n) unique within the “stud” and the breed. semen collection or processing centre code breed (2a) identification of the bull collection code (YYDDD) ○○○○○○○○○○○○

9.artificial in use for processed is semen which in establishment an means centre” processing “semen 10. “ISO country code” refers to the 2a list of codes ISO 3166 11. “international identification” means a unique registration number provided by the country for all 12. “bull code” means any code used to identify the bull for the management 13. “uniform bull code” means the unique identification used by NAAB comprising the so-called “stud 9.1.4 Straw identification 9.1.4.1 Summary of the straw identification as a minimum requirement • • • • 9.1.4.2 Printing The printer should be an ink jet printer to ensure the legibility of the information. 9.1.4.3 Order Guidelines do not address the order of the information. 9.1.5 information related with the semen collection or processing centre The collection or processing centre from which semen is issued should be identified with According a to legal basis or code. to industry agreement this code should be either the collection code or the processing code. Within a country, centre codes printed on collection and this straws information is available is on reference lists. either processing or If the semen is centre”. intended collection “semen to approved the for be assigned code used EU official within the be should the code the European 88/407, Union (EU), according to the Directive “stud the example for used, be can centre processing the identify to code another EU the of Outside code” assigned by the NAAB. 9.1.6 information related to the bull 9.1.6.1 Breed The recommended format is 2a.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 9 ' ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○○○ It was logical to recommend that this be the minimum printed on the straw. But since this since But straw. the on printed minimum the be this 9.1.8.5 Identification that recommend to The international identification is up to now the only identification universally accepted world-wide. logical was It identification is long, it is not practical to read it in liquid nitrogen neither to record it on farm for was agreement An code. bull a or name bull the either using thus is country Every insemination. the reached to not impose the international identification for those countries used to managing unique bull codes, but it can also be used when required. Section 9- Data definition and data transfer ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ I*AB proposal of June 1998 QualiVet proposal of November 1998 the straw should not be considered like a database by itself the minimum information for official recording purposes is ‘centre/bull/date’ and for field recording by the technician ‘bull/date’ as kept be should items data of number the accuracy, farmand on technician the by use of ease for few as possible and in large print ○○○○○○○○○○○○

• • All these approaches were to define precisely the entire sequence to be printed on the straw and tried to combine the different requests the from of agreement full a the reach to failed different eventually and countries. identification long rather As in resulted a result, the previous statements countries. The actual recommendation tries more to set up the principle of the identification rather than to reach a full agreement on the sequence printed on the straws. Basic ideas were: • • • 9.1.8.2 Semen collection centre The “semen collection centre” is a specific facility for the of bull semen and should not be confused or replaced by the ‘owner identification’. It is the approved and supervised “semen collection centre” which should be under an obligation to ensure that the semen has been obtained from animals whose health status is such as to ensure that the risk of spread of animal disease is eliminated, and has been collected, processed, stored and transported in accordance with hygienic rules and rules which preserve its health status. 9.1.8.3 Collection code Printing a date instead of a code is advisable for transparency to the customer. Most people prefer having a “real” date like “11 March 99” than a Julian date YYDDD comprising year + day in the year. The main reason why the Julian format was chosen was the ambiguity of the information 02/05/03 Another MMDDYY. or YYMMDD DDMMYY as countries different in interpreted naturally be could that reason is the compactness of the Julian format (5n) and the ease of number reading (99032/1). with the sequence The collection sequence is considered as additional information because lots ejaculates of of the same collection centres and thus do mix not want to systematically the print “/1” for nothing. 9.1.8.4 Name Some people support a short name that is easy to read for the technician and others prefers a full name to avoid confusion between bulls. No agreement could be reached for the format.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 9 10 be harmonised at harmonised be cannot www.interbull.org). www.interbull.org). They deal only SECTION 10 - ICAR STANDARD METHODS O- GENETIC EVALUATION Approved on: 30 May 2002 May 30 on: Approved ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ be harmonised and to encourage documentation of the things that things the of documentation encourage to and harmonised be all aspects of their GES. Documentation on all aspects of GES should also be placed on the Internet. the on placed be also should GES of aspects all on Documentation GES. their of aspects all They should update their GES in a cost effective manner computer capacity permit and place information on any change Internet as soon it has taken as the theoretical developments and place. can ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○○○ SECTION 10.1 PART 1 – GENETIC EVALUATION SYSTEMS IN DAIRY CATTLE The present Guidelines are based on “Interbull Guidelines for National Evaluation and Systems in Dairy International Cattle with Genetic Special *ocus on Production Traits” (Interbull Bulletin 28) and the latest Interbull survey (Interbull Bulletin 24), “National Genetic Evaluation Programmes for Dairy Production Traits Practiced in Interbull Member Countries 1999 2000” with information on GES in 36 organisations from 31 countries (available through with production traits but the same principles can in most cases be equally well applied to other traits. In this document Genetic Evaluation System (GES) is meant to include all aspects from population structure and data collection to publication of results. Each and every statistical treatment of the data that has a genetic breeding motivation or justification is an integrated part of GES. The purpose of this set of guidelines is to facilitate a higher degree of harmonisation in the things that the at evaluations of accuracy and quality the increase should guidelines These time. of juncture this national and international level. The aim is also to increase statistical reasons clarity for what is in done in national showing GES. the biological and Recommendations presented here should also be viewed holistically as a coherent system. Every specific recommendation pre supposes acceptance and adherence to many other recommendations. such Therefore, specific and as “uniquely an as interpreted example, be to is when “animals” to reference “unique further all identification then section, one of in recommended all animals” is identified animals”. 1. National genetic evaluation centres should keep official, up to date and detailed documentation on Section 9- Data definition and data transfer ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 10 ! region). Information on internationally (e.g. (e.g. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ such as herd and geographical location of the herd standardised methods of recording should be included. An example for the production traits is ICAR is traits production the for example An included. be should recording of methods standardised etc. B4, A6, A4, milkings per day, production system (e.g. Alpine pasture, total mixed ration (TMR) methods or for estimation grazing), of 24 hour and 305 day yields, extension methods, adjustment methods etc. least 3 generation intervals (e”15 years) of consistently recorded data. Association concerned should be made available internationally as soon as existence possible is discovered. after their between domestically proven bulls vs. imported bulls, young with first batch of daughters proven bulls with second batch of daughters, and most important of all between NS bulls vs. AI bulls. Quantitative measures should be employed to define AI bulls. Responsible organisations are for 10) > (preferably herds of number large a in daughters establishing for strive to recommended bulls. AI young enough number of daughters in each country to warrant an independent official evaluation. These bulls should clearly be classified as “simultaneously progeny tested bulls”. organisations should adopt recording schemes that ensure accurate collection and reporting of all data. It is recommended that national genetic evaluation centres provide detailed traits definitions on their web sites. The definitions should include all data checks of and edits, such as range of acceptable phenotypic values, age, parity, etc. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 17.of number the accompany should interest, of trait the on depending information, relevant other All 18.at to equal be desirably should evaluations the in included be to data production of years of Number 10.1.1.4 Genetic defects 10. The information that the animal is a carrier of genetic defects defined by the International Breed 10.1.1.5 Sire categories 11. Countries should clearly and correctly describe different sire categories, that is to distinguish 12. Young bulls may be used in simultaneous progeny testing in two or more countries with large 10.1.1.6 Traits of evaluation 13. Direct measurement of traits and utilisation of the metric system is encouraged. Recording 10.1.1.7 Data requirements for various traits of interest 14. Records of all animals with known Animal ID should be included in the genetic evaluations. 15. All records should be accompanied by relevant dates (birth, calving, etc.). 16.information for formation of contemporary groups, All records should be accompanied by sufficient Section 10- Standard methods of genetic evaluation ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ recognised breeds. Assignment of an animal to a specific breed is justified if 75% of the animal’s genes originate from that breed (or both sire and maternal evaluation). grandsire are from the breed of Guidelines on Methods of Identification (Section 1.1 of the International Recording and ICAR Guidelines). Agreement on Animal for any other animal, and be used throughout the life of animal in country birth also by all other countries. The following information should be provided for each animal: ID is necessary, it should be considered as a re-registration and reference table relating the original (and intact) animal ID and the new fully animal ID. documented by a cross- served animal at the time of service, as provided for in ICAR Rules on Parentage Recording. report percentage of animals alternatively or with animals missing identified dam ID and and sire of pedigree percentage information. include should The quality data overall of quantitative measures percentage of missing IDs. are not available, the pedigree information from the animals born within a period equivalent to a Minimum of 3 generation intervals is included in the evaluations. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

10.1.1 Pre-evaluation steps 10.1.1.1 Assignment to a breed of evaluation 2. All countries are recommended to establish national GES for all of their locally and internationally 10.1.1.2 Animal identification 3. All animals should be identified and registered in accordance with the ICAR Rules, Standards and 4. Each animal’s ID should be unique to that animal, given to the animal at birth, never be used again Breed codeCountry of birth code Character 3 Sex codeAnimal code Character 3 5.animal original the of modification reason, any for If, intact. kept be should ID animal an of parts All Character Character 1 12 10.1.1.3 Pedigree information 6. The parentage of an animal shall be recorded by identifying and recording the service sire and the 7. Genetic evaluation centres should, in co-operation with other interested parties, keep track and 8. The doubtful pedigree and birth information should be set to unknown (set parent ID zero). 9.productionif traits/records even that, recommended informationis ensurepedigree it sufficient To

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 10 # model for components of variance? (breeding values, residuals)? fit of the model? ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ adjusted, it is more justifiable to do so for those environmental effects that are in need of multiplicative of need in are that effects environmental those for so do to justifiable more is it adjusted, adjustments. Effects adjustment in Pre need class. extreme of an to additive not and adjustments mean should population the be to made considered be in should adjustment the case, model. In any factors should .be updated as often as possible (at least once per generation), and be specific to different time periods. avoid amendments that reduce simplicity and clarity of the analysis model. The best model should be decided upon considering the fit and predictive ability of the model. factors, such as: a) How large are b)(contemporary) group sizes? Are the estimates c)of parameters constant over time? Are d)multiplicative adjustment factors necessary? the in included or for adjusted being effects environmental the of consequences the are What e)model the in included effects random main the from or data from estimated be to effect the Is f) What are effects of different combiation parameters on the degree freedom and If there is enough evidence to suggest that the effect is non randomly associated with the main random effect; If number of levels is small; If size of groups is large ; If the effect has a repeating nature; If the effect is used to elucidate the time trend. recommended: a)b) An animal model in contrast to a sire model; c) A within lactation multiple trait model in contrast to a within lactation single trait model; d) A multiple lactation model in contrast to a single lactation model; e) A multiple trait multiple lactation model in contrast to a single trait repeatability model; A test day model in contrast to a lactation model. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 10.1.1.11 Pre-adjustment of records 24. All effects should preferably be accounted for in the evaluation model. If records are to be pre 10.1.2 Evaluation step 10.1.2.1 Statistical treatment and effects in the genetic evaluation model 25. Organisations responsible for national GES should strive for simplicity of the analysis model and 26. Decision on statistical treatments and effects in model should take into consideration several 27. In considering an effect as fixed or random the following should be taken into consideration: • • • • • 28. *or the choice of evaluation model for milk production traits the following set of priorities is Section 10- Standard methods of genetic evaluation records in progress, records from culled cows, records of dried off dried of records cows, culled from records progress, in records i.e. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ lactations of cows remaining in the herd but terminated artificially because of a new (i.e. (i.e. values should be produced for the whole lactation period, separately for different lactations. Separate lactations. different for separately period, lactation whole the for produced be should values for trait each for value breeding composite single one into combined be then should values breeding the whole life, in which different lactations are given separate weights based on each lactation’s economic value. practices, etc.), irrespective of their sources, be available to the genetic form evaluation of centres an in integrated database. A complete documentation should of countries / data organisations member checks, All essential. is including organisations, recording data milk by edits conducted adopt quantitative measures of assessing data National quality. genetic evaluation centres should devise simple methods of checking for detection of outliers and exclusion of logical inconsistencies in the input data. Biological improbabilities should also be checked. Extra precautions should employed be so that no inadvertent selection of data or introduction of bias becomes possible. Poor procedures all of documentation Complete evaluations. genetic from excluded be should data quality to check and edit the data is very important. National genetic evaluation centres are encouraged to have quality assurance systems implemented. cows pregnancy or any other management reasons), naturally terminated lactations shorter than 305 days and finally, lactations longer than 305 days should be identified in the system and treateddifferently. established been have justifications scientific/empirical enough after upon decided be should thereof normally should cows culled from lactations short and progress in Records lactation. of kind each for be extended. Lactations of cows dried off before 305 days and shorter naturally than terminated 305 lactations days may be extended provided adjustment for calving intervaldays have not open been satisfactory. Data fromand lactations longer / than 305 days or should be current cut at 305 days. date and that no unplanned selection of data occurs. Extension factors should be re estimated at least every 5 years. Different kinds of lactations should be extended using method and the different extension factors. same Extension rules extension and methods should be the same across lactations. When ever the data span over many years the extension rules and factors should be appropriate and specific to the various time periods. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

10.1.1.8 Number of lactations included 19.Breeding three. least at be to recommended is evaluations the in included be to lactations of Number 10.1.1.9 Data quality 20.veterinary recording, milk insemination, book, (herd animals all to related data all that desirable is It 10.1.1.10 Inclusion and extension of records 21.lactations, of kinds Different 22.lack or Extension evaluations. the in included be should days test two or DIM e”45 with records All 23. Extension methods and factors should be re evaluated continually to ensure that they are up to

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 10 % extended and used, the percentage of records in progress (RIP) should be given. *or national *or given. be should (RIP) progress in records of percentage the used, and extended bull a of daughters for (DIM) milk in days of number average model day test a practicing GES is considered to be equivalent to %RIP in a lactation model; service (i.e. planned progeny testing program) progeny or simultaneously not. of *or those AI (2) proofs bulls; a sampling distinction young domestic must of be those (1) between made tested young bulls; (3) those based on the second batch of daughters bulls, of already and proven (4) those resulting from use of imported semen (see categories); also the section on Sire ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ c)d) The theoretically expected reliability of the evaluation; Insemination Artificial regular of result a is evaluation the whether i.e. evaluation, of type The e) Breed and definition of the genetic base. values, etc utilized. be also could residuals and sampling Mendelian of examination and Monitoring evaluations. in order to facilitate the international use of domestically traits or indices may continue. However, published breeding values, in addition to the domestically used method of should expression, be all expressed traits as absolute Estimated Breeding Values (EBV), in applicable). Such the values relate directly to metric the additive genetic value system of the animal itself (if as well as to actual amounts of products. (including descriptive statistics) of EBVs and RBVs on their web sites. is to utilize information of cows born at the onset of specific 5 year periods as is outlined below. Thus, member countries should endeavor to: a)b) Use cows; c) Use birth year; d) Use all animals that entered national GES; e) Use average genetic merit (EB V); f) Use stepwise change of genetic base; g) Change the base in the years ending with 0 or 5; h) Use cows born 5 years before the onset of the new 5 year period; Change the base in the first evaluation in the years ending with 0 or 5. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 10.1.3.2 System validation 33. GES should be validated by data checks, checks of phenotypic values, and comparisons breeding 34. The three Interbull trend validation methods I, II and III should be used for validation of national 10.1.3.3 Expression of genetic evaluation 35.composite and use domestic for RBVs of use the though recommended, is EBVs absolute of use The 36. Evaluation centers should provide detailed information on the definition and statistical properties 10.1.3.4 Genetic base 37. Interbull’s recommendation for definition of genetic base at the national level for production traits (e.g. Section 10- Standard methods of genetic evaluation ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ number of daughters and herds, highest percentage of daughters in a single herd, etc); the number or percentage of evaluated daughters being culled before 305 days in the first lactation or alternatively before the second lactation. When lactations in progress are most important single criteria, although some degree of compromise can national be genetic evaluation, for example to envisaged avoid high prediction error for variance. the least, once per generation. All aspects of estimation so and model procedures the in included effects estimation, of model for and method structure, (data components estimation of variance on) should be as similar as possible to the estimation procedures for breeding values. procedures The trends. time establish to method other some or date birth and path selection origin, of used for formation of phantom minimum parent a groups have must should give groups special parent attention Phantom to GES. imported national animals the in in these correctly evaluate to order size of 10 20 animals, although larger groups may be necessary for traits with low heritability. sampled young bulls a minimum Effective official for all animals entering national GES. *or randomly Daughter Contribution (EDC, visit www.interbull.org for more information) of 10 is recommended. most the include should centers evaluation genetic national by EBV individual of publications Official recent figures or information on: a)herds over distribution their and daughters of number or contribution daughters Effective b) Number or percentage of freshened daughters being excluded from the evaluations and also ○○○○○○○○○○○○

EXPLANATORY NOTE: The above recommendation almost exclusively deals with milk production traits and does not take into consideration many aspects of genetic analysis models for other traits. The guiding principle is the genetic variation. It translates exposing) to choose a model that is more capable of utilising (or into choice of models that have either theoretical superiority or enable us to obtain an estimate of an animal’s breeding value that encompass a larger proportion of animal’s genome and/or life time. the of identification encourages and models theoretical superior to adherence recommends Interbull practical circumstances under which the theoretical expectations are not realised. 10.1.2.2 Model’s unbiasedness 29. *or the purpose of international genetic evaluations unbiasedness should be considered as the 10.1.2.3 Genetic parameters 30. Phenotypic and genetic parameters should be estimated as often as possible and definitely, at 10.1.2.4 Use of phantom parent groups 31.country breed, to according parents unknown group to certain be should procedure evaluation The 10.1.3 Post-evaluation steps 10.1.3.1 Criteria for official publication of evaluation 32. In general, evaluation results should be accompanied by reliabilities for EBVs and considered as

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The change in sire variance in any of the countries involved is more than 5% compared to the to compared 5% than more is involved countries the of any in variance sire in change The previous evaluation; A change in base methodology, etc has occurred in either of the countries involved; There is a substantial increase / change in number of bulls with evaluations in either of the countries. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ www.interbull.org). Those parts of GES that are concerned with the processes (the way the data National language. native the to addition in English in available be to recommended are treated) are genetic evaluation centers should regularly update their links on the Interbull’s home page. should be checked for possible errors and/or inconsistencies by the national centers genetic involved. evaluation country-breed-trait combinations where such exists. of the MACE (Multiple-trait Across Country Evaluation) methodology is recommended. from predicted is country one in performance bulls’ a i.e. countries, two in progeny bulls’ of analysis its performance in another. to convert breeding values from one country to another. It simultaneous and joint progenyis testing of young bulls is promoted widely. therefore highly desirable that recommended to investigate all possible causes of low correlation, especially to examine if trait definition, genetic evaluation model and problems associated with IDs are contributing to the low correlation. In such cases action to harmonize GES in the countries involved should be taken. correlations should be preferably estimated each time the breeding values certainly are whenever: estimated, but • • • ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 10.1.4 International evaluation 10.1.4.1 Comparison of animal evaluations 46.evaluations genetic international or countries across evaluations animal of comparison for used Data 47. International comparisons are recommended to utilize Interbull genetic evaluation results for all 48. *or those country-breed-trait combinations that an Interbull evaluation does not exist, utilization 49.regression simple from developed equations conversion of use the necessitate may application of Ease 50.for the same bull in several countries is an important factor needed A simultaneous sire evaluation 10.1.4.2 Minimum correlations and trait harmonization 51. If the correlation between two countries is lower than = 0.70 the countries involved are 10.1.4.3 Validity 52. Always the latest available national results should be used for the MACE analysis. New genetic C, (e.g. (e.g. B, or C, for birth or calving); and calving); or birth for C, or B, (e.g. (e.g. 95 for year 1995). (e.g. (e.g. Section 10- Standard methods of genetic evaluation A, B, G, H, J, or S for different digits indicating breeds);the year 2) Two 00 for year 2000); 3) A letter indicating type of animals included (e.g. (e.g. (e.g. (e.g. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ or B, for cows or bulls); 4) A letter indicating the event used event the indicating letter A 4) bulls); or cows for B, or of base established breed of evaluation *ebruary, (in year per times currently four are which performed evaluations, Interbull the to inputs August May, and November). their evaluations. a.b. Source (genetic evaluation centre) of evaluation and country of scale, if appropriate. c. Date of evaluation and genetic base definition. d. Evaluation expression, PTA, e.g. RBV. EBV, e. Evaluation units, e.g. kg, lbs. Reliability. that provide them. In no case shall official units or expressions be manipulated. economic merit. future changes in all aspects of their GES. These timetables are expected to be announced world wide well in advance so that other genetic evaluation centers can accommodate to the changes. information sites that contain a complete documentation of expected are pages home the these of contents information The bulls). whole Al of EBVs and statistics GES overall (including tables of to be, at least, as detailed as the information published by Interbull in Interbull Bulletin 24 (visit finally 5) digits Two to indicate the event’s year ○○○○○○○○○○○○

38. *or designation of genetic base the following convention should be followed: 1) A letter indicating 10.1.3.5 Number of evaluations per year 39. It is recommended that national GES be scheduled to be able to provide current and up to date 10.1.3.6 Advertising genetic merit 40. Genetic evaluation centres are encouraged to establish and enforce code of ethics for the use of 41. Publication of genetic evaluations should include at least the following: 42. Evaluations should be presented in the same units they are published in by the evaluation centre 10.1.3.7 Use of indexes 43. Countries are encouraged to have separate indices for different categories of traits, and for total 10.1.3.8 Anticipated change 44.possible for timetable contingency term, long a up set to encouraged are centers evaluation Genetic 10.1.3.9 Web site 45. National genetic evaluation centers and other relevant organizations should set up internet

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 10 11 ! SECTION 11 - ICAR RULES, STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -OR TESTING, APPROVAL AND CHECKING O- MILK RECORDING DEVICES Approved on: 30 May 2002 May 30 on: Approved ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ -oreword Since 1984 ICAR has had rules for the test of metering devices and the routine check of of it. behalf on act to authorized were *our Germany) and Netherlands The England, (Denmark, centers test Italy. in located also was center test a 1987 recording.In official in use for meters new test to ICAR In 1992 the test center in England stopped this A activity. new test center is started in the USA in 1994 and in *rance in 1995. In 1987 ICAR gave the first provisional approval of an several (provisional) electronicapprovals have been given to milkmeter. milk recording Since devices. This was that possible thanks moment to the good co-operation between the manufacturers, the test centers Countries. and d by the ICAR Member In 1990 ICAR decided that the working group “milkmeters and jars” should get a permanent status as Sub-Committee “Milkmeters and Jars” of ICAR. the of 14 (point ICAR of practices recording of Agreement International the of part a is Section This Agreement). Introduction recording milk of checking and approval testing, regulate guidelines and standards rules, present The equipment for milk-performance recording of cattle, water buffaloes, sheep and goats. flow milk and air separate example, (for installation milking of type special a to device a of Application and/or vacuum level outside of general limits) or for use on animals of extreme fat percentage, is possible unless ICAR has withdrawn the approval of a certain type of installation or for a breed. certain In any case it is the obligation of the approval testing center to state the conditions under which approval is recommended and, if there are limitations, these must be reported in the test- report. The conditions are stated in the letter of provisional approval or approval It is the responsibility of manufacturers to state the conditions for manufacturer’s proper service/support operation. for When the the devices in a country is unsatisfactory or approval whether withdrawn, “provisional” or not, may the be withdrawn in that country. The recording organization in the country is responsible for periodical checking of approved milk recording devices. EBVs for all bulls (irrespective of their origin) in the Section 10- Standard methods of genetic evaluation i.e. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ is decided upon by national genetic evaluation centers. Publication and advertisement of Interbull evaluations is regulated by Interbull’s “Code of Practice” and especially through the “Advertising Guidelines”. domestic scale is the responsibility of the national genetic evaluation centers. These are expected to make the results available to all domestic and foreign participating interested in Interbull parties evaluations. in As is all the case countries for publication of national genetic evaluation results, EBV’s for all bulls should be published together with the reliabilities for the estimates. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

10.1.4.4 Interbull evaluations 53. The specific requirements regulated by the Interbull for code of practice, with amendments. participation in Interbull international genetic evaluations are 10.1.4.5 Publication of Interbull (MACE) evaluations 54.official or not, they are considered whether each country and in Status of the Interbull evaluations 55. Publication of Interbull evaluation results,

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 !! ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 11.3.1.1 Cattle Meters in use before 1 January 1992 which have been previously accepted recording by organization can continue to the be used after this national date. milk 11.3.1.2 Water buffaloes Meters in use before 1 January 1997 which have been accepted by the National Organization, Milk can be used Recording after this date. 11.3.1.3 Sheep and goats Meters in use before 1 January 1995 which have been accepted organization, can by be used after this date. the national milk recording 11.3.2 Initial application for approval testing The manufacturer shall apply in writing to the Secretary-General of ICAR. 11.3.3 Allocation of an approved testing center The Secretary-General will inform the chairman of the Sub-Committee for meters and jars and this will ICAR manufacturer the of consideration After procedure. the about manufacturer the inform will decide where to test the meter or jar for a provisional approval by ICAR. Only test centers which have no cooperation with the manufacturer can be chosen. The manufacturer shall give the test center all the relevant information about how the actual milk recording equipment shall be installed and used, and for which conditions or of mounted fixed use portable, approval as is used asked be shall equipment the if inform ICAR must manufacturer The for. both, about all actual ways of placing, mounting and suspension, machines, systems and vacuum conditions the milk recording equipment is intended to be used. The and with which kind of milking manufacturer must also inform if the device is to be used for continuous recording or for sampling. 11.3.4 Termination of an approval test If the device is withdrawn by the manufacturer before the manufacturer must inform approval in writing the test chairman of the Sub-Committee is accordingly. completed, the If a meter fails its approval test, the test center Sub-Committee. shall inform in writing the chairman of the pprovals only to meters approved by Section 11- approval and Testing, checking of milk recording devices give national a national give ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ISO 3918 3918 ISO ISO 5707 6690 ISO 256 Bull ID* definitions and Terms – Installations Machine Milking Milking Machine Installations – Construction and performance products milk and milk in **A of MachineMechanical Milking – testing Installations Determination ○○○○○○○○○○○○

ICAR Laboratory centers Test are responsible for testing new recording devices. They shall report to the Cub-Committee Meters appropriate an and for recommendation Jars a contain their should reports findings Such devices. and tested the recommendations of performance regarding the accuracy test. SECTION 11 PART 1 - SCOPE The present Rules, Standards and Guidelines define the minimum construction requirements, the test procedure and for approval, and the limits of performance error for both yield measurement and milk sampling in relation to the test procedure adopted. They specify approved used for official milk when metering devices and recorder jars acceptance and periodical checking of devices, the recording. sheep. and goats buffaloes, water cattle, of milking for apply jars recorder and devices metering The SECTION 11 PART 2 - RE-ERENCES The titles and standards referred in this document are as follows: SECTION 11 PART 3 - THE APPROVAL MILK O- RECORDING NEW/MODI-IED DEVICES 11.3.1 General Rules Only records from milk recording devices approved by ICAR are accepted for official purposes. In ICAR member-countries, where offici­al milk recording of the animals down takes laid guidelines the place to according approved be all first must , farm, a on used devices recording milk in this document. A manufacturer who wishes to have a recording device approved for use in official milk recording, should act according to the requirements of Parts 2 - 8, of this Section, as appropriate. New members of ICAR have to fulfil the requirements given in this Section becoming a member of ICAR. within 2 years after Since 1 January 1989 all member countries ICAR. Since 1 January 1992 all member countries accept new meters for these meters the have an approval by milk ICAR. recording only if

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 !# ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ experience in one, or more, countries shows that the device does not conform to the expected and expected the to conform not does device the that shows countries more, or one, in experience declared accuracy requirements determined at the approval test. Sciences – Research Bylgholm Center, (DENMARK) Billon Bundesallee 50, D 38116 Braunschweig (GERMANY) – Resp. Dr. Dieter Ordolff (ITALY) (THE NETHERLANDS) – Resp. Kees de Dr. Koning Department - Madison, Wisconsin (USA) – Resp. Douglas J. Reinemann Organization(s) for the country. recording equipment by ICAR”. the ICAR Meters and Jars the preparation of test report to for of all the parts test and Sub-Committee. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 5)checking routine if device any from suspended/withdrawn be may not, or provisional whether Approval, The Sub-Committee on Meters and Jars will decide whether a full, or partial, retest for approval is neces­sary and will keep ICAR Member Organizations informed of the situation and serial number which is used to mark the individual meters and with the description of the periodical checking and for 7 Appendix 11 Section in given is as farmer” the and taker sample the for “hints description the already approved models. 11.3.7 Suspension/withdrawal of a milk recording device In circumstances as described in points 4 and 5 above, the ICAR approved meters use before date of suspension/ withdrawal may however be used after this date. 11.3.8 Approved test centers may (these tests the of out carrying the for ICAR by approved been have test-centers following The change from time to time). 1) Department of Agriculture Engineering and Production System – Danish Institute of Agriculture 2) *renchCenter – Test Institute de l’Elevage – BP 67 35652 Le Rheu Pierre(*RANCE) – Resp. Dr. 3) Institut für Betriebstechnik und Bauwesen der Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landwirtschaft (*AL), 4) Istituto di Ingegneria Agraria - Università degli Studi di Milano – Via Celoria, 2 - 20133 Milano 5) Research Institute for Animal Husbandry - Box P.O. 2176 – NL-8203 AD Lelystad 6)Engineering Systems Biological - Wisconsin of University the of Lab Instruction and Research Milking 11.3.9 Terms of reference for a testing laboratory 1)Member ICAR concernedLaboratorythe and Testing ICAR,the agreed between be must contract A 2) The contract shall be for a period of 5 years. 3) Tests must be carried out in accordance with the procedures defined in 4)“The approval of milk coordination the for responsible be should test” “farm the for responsible Organization Member The Section 11- approval and Testing, checking of milk recording devices ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ the meter is accepted for use of milk recording. *or transportable meters at least 200 must meters have been used successfully for at least 12 months. Success­fully means that in the routine must have results within the acceptance limits, as checking with water least 95% of the meters specified in the Section 11 Part 7. Meters and Jars can initiate the procedure for the final approval 18 months after the issuance of manufacturer the from those including information available of basis the on approval provisional the and the Sub-Committee members. If any negative experience is reported, the manufacturer shall be informed and requested to solve the problem. If no negative experience is reported and more then 200 meters are in use and performing in accordance Sub-Committee with shall issue the thefinal approval. ICAR requirements, the has fulfilled all the stated conditions. number which is used to mark the individual meters and with checking and the description “hints for sample taker farmer” as is given in Section 11 the description of the periodical Appendix 7 for already approved models. the device to all Member Organizations where the meter will be marketed. the manufac­turer’s service/support for the device is unsatisfactory. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

11.3.5 Completion of an approval test 11.3.5.1 Provisional approval Upon successful completion of an approval test the laboratory test-center will notify the Chairman of the Sub-Committee. The chairman will inform members Sub-Committee about test results. The Sub-Committee will take a decision about the provisional approval and will inform the manufacturer about their decision. 11.3.5.2 *inal approval a)where farms 20 least at on ex­perience successful months 12 least at after given be can Approval b) In the absence of reactions and information from Member Organizations, ICAR Sub-Committee number the about Jars and Meters Sub-Committee the of chairman the inform shall manufacturer The of meters in use for milk recording per country. 11.3.6 Conditions under which approval of a device is granted *ollowing notification of provisional approval by the Sub-Committee on Meters and Jars to all ICAR following the appropriate, where with comply and note, shall manufacturer the Organizations, Member conditions: 1)manufacturer the once Organizations Member ICAR all in use for valid be will device “approved” The 2) Approval is given on the condition that the manufacturer supplies ICAR with the type and serial 3)on information technical relevant supplies manufacturer the that condition the on given is Approval 4) Approval, whether provisional or not, may be withdrawn from a device(s) in any specific country if In such cases the country shall notify the Sub-Committee on meters and jars, which will, in turn, inform other ICAR-countries.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 !% ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ flow (for example, by a device similar to a rotation at constant speed). Separate device for sampling for device Separate speed). constant at rotation a to similar device a by example, (for flow is required. receivers). Optical sensors detect every slice of milk flowing the calculation is based on the duration, measuring speed and acceleration of the milk slices. Separate device for channel. Milk yield sampling is required. measurement of the milk yield obtained during the milking; collection of a representative sample of the milk. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 11.4.3 Meters counting portions of variable weight or volume These meters must monitor the milk flow rate. (*or example, by measuring the time required to fill the empty measuring device up to the level to start the next discharge operation). By measuring meter can be calculated. Mechanical of milk passed through the amount the time for discharge, construction and controls of such a milk meter can be less complex, since the milk inlet is always open. controlled chambers measuring volumetric or weight) (variable trays tipping asymmetric use Meters device Separate numerically. displayed is yield Milk volume). electrodes(variable sensor or floats by for sampling is required. 11.4.4 Meters measuring continuous milkflow a)milk of direction the changing by generated forces mass measuring on based is principle Measuring b) Measuring principle is based on the use of optical means using infrared sensors (transmitters and 11.4.5 Continuous level measurement Contiunuous level measurement in a chamber with a calibrated, permanently open outlet. by rate flow of integration by obtained is yield milk The level. milk to according calculated is rate *low time. Separate device for sampling is required. SECTION 11 PART 5 - GENERAL 11.5.1 Purpose without animal individual each for operations following the perform shall jars recorder and meters Milk through passing milk of quality the affecting significantly without and milking normal with interfering these: • • 11.5.2 Operating conditions Milk meters and recorder jars shall be designed to operate under the normal conditions of machine milking defined in ISO 5707: at the variable flow rates Manufacturers and shall vacuum specify the levels precise defined conditions under in which part a recording 6. device is designed to operate and provide written operating instructions. Section 11- approval and Testing, checking of milk recording devices ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Board whether milk recording equipment should or should not be provisionally or fully approved. such a way that the ICAR Meters and Jars Sub-Committee Laboratory is can following the procedures. certify that the new Testing Meters and Jars Sub-Committee finding the work of the Testing Laboratory unsatisfactory, ICAR may terminate the LaboratoryTesting contract. level, by weighing, electrical strain beam, counting the cycles of a piston pump emptying jar, or by jar, measuring time for discharge through a calibrated orifice. No special sampling device is required, but thorough mixing of milk can be difficult and time consuming. In these meters, milk stream is divided by creating a circular milk film and by cutting out a sector read be to level liquid the by indicated is Yield flask. measuring the to led then is which circle the of directlyor flask fromthe aretaken Samples display. numeric to electrodesconnected by or visually by a Milk sub-sampler. is mixed by air inlet in measuring flask or by manual agitation of the flask itself. Milk can also be poured out of the flask, collected with then a pipette. after mixing the milk, the sample can be of it, into portions of constant weight. *low may be proportional split meters. Yield by is indicated devices numerically similar by mechanical to or those electrical displays. used Separate in device for sampling is required. capacity. Milk level there is controlled by floats or by sensor electrodes, acting on valves or electric motor calculating software by corrected often is characteristics of Non-linearity system). chamber (multiple separate to required often are chambers inlet Spacious display. numeric by indicated is Yield flow. milk air from milk. Separate device for sampling is required. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

5) The ICAR Meters and Jars Sub-Committee shall be responsible for recommending to 6)the ICAR The first test carried out by a new LaboratoryTesting must be a “control” check, carried out in 7) recording milk In case of a of Testing Laboratory failing to carry out a types satisfactory “control” check or the ICAR 8) current the of The fees for the tests are determined by the ICAR Meters and Jars Sub Committee. SECTION 11 PART classification 4 - DE-INITIONS The 11.4.1 equipment *or the purposes of this document, the definitions given in ISO 3918 apply. The classification of the current types of milk recording equipment is: a)liquid by indicated is Yield animals. milking other and cow a of yield milk total collect Jars: Recorder 11.4.2 Meters counting portions of constant weight or volume a)proportionalpart a or flow, milk whole the either divide to used are trays Tipping - Weight Constant b) Proportional Milk Meters: collect a defined proportion of total milk yield in a measuring container. b) Constant Volume - Meters are equipped with single or multiple measuring chambers of defined

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 !' ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ lines to one side of this vertical line. down mid-way line horizontal the with line vertical the from remote line horizontal the of end the at the figures. 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm wide. lines to one side of this vertical line. down mid-way line horizontal the with line vertical the from remote line horizontal the of end the at the figures. 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm wide. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 11.6.2.1.2.1 Cattle a)b) The unit of measurement shall be kilogram(s). horizontal with scale the of height full the running wide mm 1 line vertical a of consist shall scale The c)wide. mm 1.0 d)and 0.5 between and long mm 15 be shall kg 1 of intervals indicating lines Horizontal be indicated in figures of 5 mm minimum height, The numerical value of each kilogram interval shall e)between and long mm 10 lines by indicated be shall kg 0.2 of intervals at graduations Intermediate f) No more than 4 kg may be represented by a scale length of 40 mm. 11.6.2.1.2.2 Water buffaloes be shall kg 0.2 of intervals at graduations Intermediate e). and d) c), b), a), in cattle for as same The indicated by lines 10 mm long and between 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm wide. f) no more than 1 kg may be represented by a scale length of 25 mm. 11.6.2.1.2.3 Goats a) The unit of measurement shall be kilogram(s). b)horizontal with scale the of height full the running wide mm 1 line vertical a of consist shall scale The c)wide. mm 1.0 and 0.5 between and long mm 15 be shall kg 1 of intervals indicating lines Horizontal d)be indicated in figures of 5 mm minimum height, The numerical value of each kilogram interval shall e)between and long mm 10 lines by indicated be shall kg 0.1 of intervals at graduations Intermediate f) No more than 1 kg may be represented by a scale length of 40 mm. 11.6.2.1.2.4 Sheep The same as for goats in b), c), d), e) and f). The unit for measurement shall be liter(s). Section 11- approval and Testing, checking of milk recording devices ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 33 kg for cattle 12 kg for water buffaloes kg 6 for goats 4 l for sheep. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

11.5.3 -roth The presence of undue amounts of froth can adversely affect the recording accuracy of both milk increase to not as installed, and designed so be should devices Recording jars. recorder and meters the inherent production of froth. SECTION 11 PART 6 - DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND PER-ORMANCE gain approval for official milk recordingTo the equipment must fulfil all the specific requirements. In addition the results of the other properties that shall be examined under the test, shall prove that easy be and butterfat and yield for requirement accuracy the fulfil can equipment recording milk the to handle and operate under current conditions. The recording capacity or measuring range should be at least: • • • • It is up to member organizations to accept a lower recording capacity or measuring range and the unit of measurement. The weighing device should handle the maximum volume for any cattle, water buffalo, goat or sheep for a single milking. 11.6.1 Materials Materials used in the construction of milk meters and recorder containers of characteristics jars the governing provisions shall legal local with conform and 5707 ISO both of requirements with the for foodstuffs in general and milk in particular. The material shall also be capable of withstanding without loss in calibration, cleaning water temperatures up to + 90 C during two minutes and to + 70 °C continuously. 11.6.2 Design 11.6.2.1 Jars 11.6.2.1.1 Structural characteristics of jars The recorder jars shall comply with the requirements of ISO 5707. 11.6.2.1.2 Graduated scale(s) The graduated scale(s) on the recorder jars shall be permanently fixed to, or preferable within, the wall of the vessel and shall be in a suitable dark color to contrast with the milk to be measured. Graduations shall be as follows:

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 " ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ released from the recorder jar. 6.2.2.2 Milk yield display 6.2.2.3 Installation of milk meters ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 11.6.2.1.4 Remote sampling devices Where samples are not taken directly from the base of the recorder device is fitted, jar then it shall and be constructed so that: a remote sampling a) it can be included in the washing circuit; b)recorder; the for device the by provided is yield milk kg 2 at 20ml than less no of quantity sample a c) to prevent carry-over between animals, the sampling system is allowed to drain when milk is 11.6.2.2 Milk meters 11.6.2.2.1 Structural characteristics of milk meters The meter shall be designed to permit easy reading by the equipment. milking operator while it is attached to the (i.e. environment working normal its in encountered conditions all to resistant be shall it addition, In during milk measuring and sampling, washing, disinfecting and, if applicable, transport). All parts subject to wear and tear shall be easily replaceable. 11. legible easily permanent with marked and non-moveable be shall it used, is scale measuring a Where figures at least 5 mm in height. It shall indicate milk yield in kilograms, with intervals of no more than 0.2 of kg manufacturer the by guaranteed between flasks Only kg. successive 0.1 be should intervals the preference, for steps; the type approved milk meter are acceptable or the use of the flasks must be approved by ICAR. measuring the that checking easily of means some carry meters transportable that recommended is It tube is vertical (for example, continuous lines encircling the tube at 5 kg intervals). In the absence of a measuring scale, if a digital display is used, the display shall consist legible figures, of capable easily of being read at any level of ambient lighting, at least 5 mm in height. The display (output) shall indicate milk yield in kilograms and be updated by output more than 0.2 kg; increments for preference, the display should of update by increments of no 0.1 kg. *or sheep and goats the display should be updated by increments of no preferred more increment of 10 than g. 25 g, with a 11. The display panel shall be located adjacent to the animal being milked through the meter and retain the total yield figure after the animal has finished milking, until reset Alternatively one, ready or more, for displays shall be the mounted in the next parlour/ cow-shed, where animal. they can be any animal can be recalled from a point adjacent to the being easily read, so that the yield of 11.6.2.2.3.1 Display panel Section 11- approval and Testing, checking of milk recording devices ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 0.2 meters (National Milk Recording Authority can require a longer distance); The jar and tubes shall be installed to comply with the requirements of ISO 5707. The milk release mechanism from the recorder jar shall be milk tight deliberately and is milk shall when prevent except direction milk either in foam pipeline transfer the and jar the between passing released. The mechanism shall be as close to the jar as is practical. flap of use the avoid to preferable is it and action positive a have should mechanism release milk The valves (i.e. those relying on pressure difference within the system) to retain milk. Where air admission is used as the means of mixing the with mixed being not milk some of risk the eliminate to mechanism release milk, milk the to adjacent then the air admission hole shall be animal. current the from milk the of bulk Recorder jars shall be installed so that the distance between the operator’s floor and the bottom of the graduated scale shall not exceed 1.60 m. the to given be shall consideration level, standing cow the below mounted are jars where parlors In means of sampling. If sampling is to be directly from a tap then:at the base of the jar, a) the distance from the base of the tap nozzle to the operator’s floor should be no less than b) the tap shall be so located as to avoid any contamination of the air flow. 6.2.1.3 Installation of jars ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Example of suitable scales for jars and milk meters (not an exact scale-drawing) 11. The jars shall be installed so that the yield can be easily read and a sample taken without danger of personal injury being incurred e.g. from animal kicks or trapping installation. The by farmer is responsible for moving good lighting in the parlor. parts of the milking • • • • • •

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 "! larger larger 2% of ref. yield yield ref. of 2% 3% of ref. yield or or yield ref. of 3% 3% of ref. yield or or yield ref. of 3% 25 ml, 25 whichever ml, is 25 mg, 25 whichever mg, is yield yield is larger is larger or 40 ml, whichever whichever ml, 40 or or 40 mg, whicheveror mg, 40 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices Goats kg 0.3 > yield ref. mean of 5% Table 1. Summary of limits of error - milk yield and butter and fat. yield - errormilk of limitsof Table 1. Summary Criteria Yield Cattle/Waterbuffaloes 2 - 10 kg 0.25 kg Range deviation Standard bias Maximum 0.2kg kg 10 > ref. mean of 2.5% Butter-fat Butter-fat Cattle buffaloes Water fat 7% - 2 fat - 15% 3 units fat 0.10% Sheep units fat 0.20% Goats units fat 0.05% units fat 0.10% fat - 12% 2 fat - 12% 2 units fat 0.20% units fat 0.20% units fat 0.10% units fat 0.10% Sheep l 0.3 > yield ref. mean of 5% ○○○○○○ 11.6.3.2 11.6.3.2 Meters used for daily recording When electronic milk meters are permanently installed it is possible to carry out daily recording of milk yield. Same limits of error apply as for recording periodically. 11.6.4 Limits of error for butterfat Limits of Error for butterfat are presented in 1 the Table 11.6.5 Teat end vacuum shall used meters Milk degree. significant any to claw-vacuum or end teat the affect not should Jars ISO 5707. of 14 clause to according kPa, 5.0 than more ends teat the at vacuum mean the alter not 11.6.6 Effect on free fatty acid (--A) concentration (new) no have shall equipment recording milk actual the 2, Appendix 11 Section to according tested When more influence on **A than the reference milk meter.. 11.6.7 Cleaning The meter shall be designed to permit effective automatic washing while connected to the milking equipment - especially with regard to the washing temperature. The manufacturer standard shall procedures for suitable indicate cleaning of the instrument. Section 11- approval and Testing, checking of milk recording devices ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 6.2.2.5 Sampling ○○○○○○○○○○○○

11.6.2.2.5.1 Cattle milked and be displayed any time after the milking of that animal has been completed until the unit is unit the until completed been has animal that of milking the after time any displayed be and milked reset for the next animal. When the reset normally it must is be done possible automatically, to do it manually to be sure that the total yield can be recorded. 11.6.2.2.3.2 Installing the meter beside and under the cow standing level. In appendix 5 the conditions for assembling of electronic milk meters are given. 11.6.2.2.4 Calibration device If the meter is fitted with a calibration device, adequate precautions prevent unauthorized (sealing) alteration of shall settings. be taken to 11. To provide sufficient milk for samples for milk composition testing the sampling meter container, or shall vessel, a collect minimum volume in of the 20ml at 2 kg milk yield; this sample must representative of the be whole milk. 11.6.2.2.5.2 Water buffaloes To provide sufficient milk for samples for milk composition testing the sampling meter container, or shall vessel, a collect minimum volume in of the 20ml at 2 kg milk yield; this sample must representative of be the whole milk. 11.6.2.2.5.3 Goats *or a goat milk meter the minimum sample volume is ratio = 6.5%). 20ml at 0.3 kg (minimum sample 11.6.2.2.5.4 Sheep *or a sheep milk meter the minimum sample volume is 20ml at 0.2 l (minimum sample ratio 10%). 11.6.3 Limits of error for milk yield 11.6.3.1 Meters used periodically for milk recording When tested by the procedure specified in part 6, meters shall which measure does milk not exceed yields determined with percentage a bias of the reference yield , and variation (for with reproducibility) a that does coefficient not of exceed determined percentage of the mean reference and YieldError Milk of - Limits Summary of 1 Table the presentedin as standard deviation, a or yield Butter fat.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 "# ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 7.1.2.1 Accuracy of measurement at various liquid flow rates 7.1.2.2.1 Accuracy of measurement at various vacuum levels ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ The test rig shall consist of a vacuum system operating at the vacuum level recommended by the manufacturer of the meter or, appropriate in all in the comply shall absence It line. of low any for intended recommendation,if kPa 42 at and installations 50 line high kPa for intended if the meter is respects with the requirements of ISO 5707, especially with regard to admission/leakage vacuum . stability Testing equipment and air used shall comply with the accuracy requirements 6690 and weight of measuring instruments shall ISO have a maximum error of 0.02 kg.er The same statistical analysis is used as is used for the farm test. 11. 12.0 kg/min, least at to kg/min 1.0 from rates flow liquid constant at tested are meters milk two The using a suitable milking unit (artificial udder). It is recommended that at least five approximate flow rates are covered - 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0 and 12.0 kg/min. is rate flow actual the case each in and meter the through pass should liquid of kg 10 Approximately measured. At least two repetitions at each flow rate are made to contribute towards a total of at least 20 readings. meter between differences the and case each in noted is meter the by displayed liquid of weight The and reference are plotted graphically against flow rate. Any significant deviations at specific flow rates should be noted on the final report. The requirement is that a milk meter has to meter the but acceptable work is deviation larger a kg/min 9-12 within of flowrate a between that and the 9 kg/min limits of error up to a flowrate of still has to operate. 11.7.1.2.2 Mechanical These are intended to test meter behavior under variations in certain obtain information on operating the operating limits of parameters, the model under to consideration. they In areparticular, intended to determine whether possible variations of of such loss any in results machine parameters milking the to instrument the of have connection the whether and precision an effect on meter milking performance. 11. One milk meter shall be used to repeat the procedure in 6.2.1 50 kPa at vacuum and levels other of levels 30, that 40, and may be appropriate of level vacuum the to in tolerance A method). suitable a for A the annex 6690 ISO to (Refer manufacturer working vacuum range stated by the ± 0.5 kPa is acceptable. 11.7.1.2.2.2 Teat end vacuum meters Milk 11.7.1.2.2.2.1 The test shall be made by comparing the vacuum in the cluster with and without according the to milk ISO 6690. meter Section 11- approval and Testing, checking of milk recording devices ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○

11 Part 3. This Part regulates tests for provisional approval of recording devices. All parts of the meter which cannot be subjected to automatic washing while connected shall easily accessible for cleaning be and inspection. Parts shall be easily dismantled and where necessary, shall be identified to ensure that the appropriate part is reassembledCleaning, to the same meter. presenceany the prevent of shall manufacturer, procedurethe the carriedby by when specified out obvious residue. The test described in clause 6.3.2 should not reveal any deposits on the surfaces which come contact with in milk. The bacteriological examinations should not give total bacteria counts exceeding the comparative test, and bacteria count should not indicate an accumulation of in meter over the testing period. SECTION 11 PART 7 - TESTS -OR PROVISIONAL APPROVAL The procedures for the request an approval and testing laboratories are given in Section 11.7.1 Tests for provisional approval for milk meters cattle for dairy The manufacturer shall provide 50 meters out of which 2 meters randomly selected shall be used for laboratory test and 8 meters a reserve meter randomly selected to be used farm tests. *or fixed in-place meters the 8 meters and the reserve meter can be selected from meters already installed on at least 2 farms and already calibrated on these farms. 11.7.1.1 Conformity conformity for checked be shall equipment recording milk the models new of approval provisional the *or procedures: following the to subjected be will and 5 and 4 Parts the in specified requirements the with 11.7.1.2 Laboratory tests The two meters will be examined in the laboratory for the criteria listed in sections 6.2.1 6.2.2.6 should fact this conditions, laboratory or simulated under unsatisfactory be to appear meters Where be noted in the report and should be taken into consideration in the overall evaluation. Laboratory tests shall as much as possible be made with milk. The manufacturer shall state if any special conditions must be fulfilled such as the temperature of the water or chemicals needed to increase the electrical conductivity. recommended as be shall concentrations and chemicals the needed, are solutions test special Where by the manufacturer of the meter. difference for allow to water with measurements correct to necessary be may it used is water Where to milk. In this case it will be assumed that “normal” milk density is correctiona manufacturerfactor, specifies the 1.030 When . 3% kg/l corrected by necessary be where should and that water weights this factor is used.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 "% ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ example, 4 meters at two farms. The system. milking pipeline a have shall farms the of 2 least at that and farms 3 take to preferable milking machines on which the meters are to be tested shall be checked and found to comply with ISO 5707 before any meters are tested. evening milking. The meters must therefore be tested at both morning and evening milkings. 25% of minimum a and range kg 5-20 the in be should observations the of 25% of minimum a that of the observations should be over 20 kg/milking. manufacturers instructions with provision being made to trap the whole of each individual animal’s milk after it butterfat has and passed milk through of weight the both meter for (for results example meter see the diagram compare 1). to This which milk against so reference trapped a is as used content. by samples the shall meter.Duplicate be taken both from the milk collected in the meter and from the reference milk, by taking techniques. two analysis separate and dips sampling of by the introduced whole errors calculate milk. to Comparison used of be these shall samples duplicates their with distributed equally between morning and evening milkings. 7.1.3.1 The following requirements must be met ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 11.7.1.2.2.7 Effects on free fatty acids The test and the acceptable influence on **A are described in Section 11 Appendix 2. 11.7.1.3 *arm test The factors which have major effects on metering accuracy of this type of instrument are milking machine characteristics and milk flow rate. The farm test should factors be are taken carried into consideration. out so that these milking two times per 24 hours, in farms This test is carried out under normal milking conditions on instrumentthe conditions, operating accuracy actual the under meets orderdeterminewhether, to requirements specified under Section 5.3 and 5.4 for milk yield measurement and sample collection within the stated margins of error. Testing equipment used shall comply with the accuracy requirements of measuring instruments ISO shall have a 6690 maximum error of 0.02 and kg. weight 11. a) The meter itself shall b)be tested. The milking machine effect - the meters shall be tested on c)two or more different farms - for When testing transportable meters, farms with different milking systems should be used. It is d) Milk flow rate, yield and butterfat content - these will vary between animals and from morning to e)recommended is it cattle for possible; as yields of range a wide as over tested be also shall meters The f) During the test the meters shall be connected to the milking equipment according to the g)collected that and milk reference the both from taken be shall samples analysis, content butterfat *or h) At least 40 animal milkings shall be undertaken for each meter under test, with the milkings Section 11- approval and Testing, checking of milk recording devices ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○

If the manufacturer specifies a particular type of long cluster milk assembly, tube, milk elevation or pulsation for use with then his that milk meter, type shall be used. types several with use for intended is meter milk the when and specifications, such of absence the In of milking units and heights of milk elevation, the reference unit described in appendix used. 1 shall be If the manufacturer intends the meter to be used at different heights with respect to the milking pipeline, then several measurements (at the same flow rate of approximately taken to confirm 5 that the meter complies kg/min) with the requirements shall in all positions. be jars Recorder 11.7.1.2.2.2.2 The test shall be made according to ISO 6690 using described in appendix 1. the actual parts of the reference unit as 11.7.1.2.2.3 Accuracy of measurement at various airflow rates per kg/min 0.5 ± of tolerance A unit. the in vacuum kPa 50 with measured be shall admission air The level of flow rate can be accepted. the covering rates admission air different with kg/min 5 of rate flow a at used be shall procedure The range 0 to 20 l/min. 11.7.1.2.2.4 Accuracy of measurement with the meter tilted meter inclined at an angle as stated The procedure shall be used at a flow rate of 5 kg/min with the in the manufacturers instructions for the mounting of the meter. The test center shall investigate and check that the stated normal maximum installation. inclination can be met at *or portable meters, measurements should be taken to establish at what point adversely affects the the angle overall meter of accuracy. tilt 11.7.1.2.2.5 Assessment of the ease of carrying out checks routine accuracy It shall be assessed whether the correct functioning of the milk meter can means of be a simple easily routine test checked (preferably to by be conducted outside of milking hours using water). The test center shall investigate and recommend an appropriate test in the report of the approval test of the meter. 11.7.1.2.2.6 Collection of sufficient milk for sampling Cattle During the course of laboratory tests the proportion of milk collected by the jar and meter shall be checked for compliance with the minimum requirement of 20ml at 2 kg of milk.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 "' ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 11.7.1.3.4 Handling and operational tests These are subjective tests and are not, therefore, specified but the intention is to test the ease of handling under actual operating conditions. Where the meter is designed to be portable the tests are particularly intended to check ease of transport of the is evaluation an tests these of course the In meter plant. washing and equipment milking the from removal and of its attachment to and also made of the meter’s sturdiness under actual operating conditions, characteristics and relevant of to any its practical other usefulness. This test is to be carried out on the same eight meters during the entire test period. Diagram 1. Assembly of components for routine checking of milk meters at milking Section 11- approval and Testing, checking of milk recording devices ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ months or 2.000 milkings, whichever occurs first, after finishing the first farm test. At the conclusion the At test. farm first the finishing after first, occurs whichever milkings, 2.000 or months of this period the 8 meters are then re-tested. When a meter is damaged reported directly the with consultation in do to what decide shall –center test the and center test laboratory the to manufacturer. there are no visible residues on milk contact surfaces, and results of ATP method for meters are located within the range where assessed the to be tested clean surfaces; surfaces are results of ATP method for the tested meters are at least equal or better than those recorded in the claw at the same unit. 7.1.3.3 Recording accuracy test ○○○○○○○○○○○○

i) Permanently installed meters shall be used regularly on the farm for a period of no less than 3 11.7.1.3.2 Cleaning and disinfecting If performed at the farm, periodic checks of the effectiveness of cleaning meters and shall disinfecting of be the carried out monthly on at least 2 11.7.1.3.1.8). farms The during test the shall period comprise of a regular visual use inspection (ref. and objective method. measurement with ATP be shall farm the of meters All place. in cleaning after immediately done be shall inspection visual The subjected to detect any presence of residues. With the ATP method, swabs will be made on each peace where cleaning and disinfecting could be ineffective (or less effective than expected), especially on the top chambers and of in the samplers. the meter in the different the at one and farm the on chosen randomly meters milk 4 for taken be should swabs 5 or 4 least At top of each claw of each milking unit where the meters are assembled. The milk meter has passed the test if: • • • adequate the ineffective, is meter the of cleaning that show ATP of results or inspection visual either If measures for improvement shall be undertaken and the tests repeated. 11. In Section 11 Appendix 3 the statistical treatment of the results is given. All 8 meters shall comply with the accuracy requirements of paragraphs 5.3 and 5.4 tests. at all farm Only instruments which successfully passed the farm tests shall be accepted for use in official milk recording. In cases where only one meter from the 8 selected by Center the appears Test to be faulty due to poor calibration, or chance, then the Center Test may, at its discretion, retest that meter only. If recommendapproval then may Center Test the retest, the satisfactoryat be to shown is meter that of the meter for use in official milk recording.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 # ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ acceptable. The weight of liquid displayed by the meter is noted in each case and the differences between meter between differences the and case each in noted is meter the by displayed liquid of weight The and reference are plotted graphically against flow rate. Any significant deviations at specific flow rates should be noted on the final report. The requirement is that a milk meter has to meter the but acceptable is work deviation larger a kg/min 5-6 of within rate flow a between that and the 5 kg/min limits of error up to a flowrate of still has to operate. No tests at various milk flow rates will be made with jars. 11.7.2.2.2 Mechanical These are intended to test meter behavior under variations in certain obtain information on the operating operating limits of the parameters, model under consideration. they to In areparticular, intended to determine whether possible variations of of such loss any in results machine parameters milking the to instrument the of have connection the whether and precision an effect on meter milking performance. 11.7.2.2.2.1 Accuracy of measurement at various vacuum levels The milk meter shall also repeat the procedure in 7.2.2.1 at vacuum levels of 30, 40, and 50 kPa and other levels that may be appropriate to the working vacuum range stated by the manufacturer suitable method). A tolerance in the vacuum level of ± 0.5 kPa is (Refer to ISO 6690 annex A for a 11.7.2.2.2.2 Teat end vacuum meters Milk 11.7.2.2.2.2.1 The test shall be made by comparing the vacuum in the cluster with and without according the to milk ISO 6690. meter If the manufacturer specifies a particular type of long cluster milk assembly, tube, milk elevation or pulsation for use with then his that milk meter, type shall be used. types several with use for intended is meter milk the when and specifications, such of absence the In of milking units and heights of milk elevation, the reference unit described in appendix used. 1 shall be If the manufacturer intends the meter to be used at different heights with respect to the milking pipeline, then several measurements (at the same flow rate of approximately taken to 3 confirm that the meter kg/min) complies with the requirements shall in all positions. be jars Recorder 11.7.2.2.2.2.2 The test shall be made according to ISO 6690 using described in appendix 1. the actual parts of the reference unit as Section 11- approval and Testing, checking of milk recording devices ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 7.2.2.1 Accuracy of measurement at various liquid flow rates ○○○○○○○○○○○○

11.7.2 Test for provisional approval for milk meters for water for meters milk for approval provisional for Test 11.7.2 buffalo The manufacturer shall provide 20 meters out of which 1 meters randomly selected shall be used for laboratory test and 4 meters a reserve meter randomly selected to be used farm tests. *or fixed in-place meters the 4 meters and the reserve meter can be selected from meters already installed on at least 2 farms and already calibrated on these farms. 11.7.2.1 Conformity conformity for checked be shall equipment recording milk the models new of approval provisional the *or procedures: following the to subjected be will and 5 and 4 Parts the in specified requirements the with 11.7.2.2 Laboratory tests 7.2.2.2.6. and 7.2.2.1 sections in listed criteria the for laboratory the in examined be will meter The should fact this conditions, laboratory or simulated under unsatisfactory be to appear meters Where be noted in the report and should be taken into consideration in the overall evaluation. Laboratory tests shall as much as possible be made with milk. The manufacturer shall state if any special conditions must be fulfilled such as the temperature of the water or chemicals needed to increase the electrical conductivity. recommended as be shall concentrations and chemicals the needed, are solutions test special Where by the manufacturer of the meter. difference for allow to water with measurements correct to necessary be may it used is water Where to milk. In this case it will be assumed that “normal” milk density correctedis be correctionshould a manufacturerwherespecifies necessarythe When 3%. by factor, 1.030 kg/l and that water weights this factor is used. The test rig shall consist of a vacuum system operating at the vacuum level recommended by the manufacturer of the meter appropriate in or, all in the comply shall absence It line. of low for any intended recommendation,if kPa 42 at and installations 50 line high kPa for intended if the meter is respects with the requirements of ISO 6690 ISO 5707, requirementsof accuracy especially the with comply with shall used regard equipment Testing to admission/leakage. vacuum stability and air and weight measuring instruments shall have a maximum error of 0.02 kg. Tests related to milk flow rates shall be made at a vacuum level 50kPa and with air cluster bleed of 8 at l/min. The the same statistical analysis is used as is used for the farm test. 11. The milk meter is tested at constant liquid flow rates from 0,2 kg/min to up to 6.0 kg/min, using a suitable milking unit (artificial udder). It is recommended that at least five approximate flow rates are covered – 0,2, 0,6, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 kg/min. Approximately 5 kg of liquid should pass through the meter and in each case the actual flow rate is measured. At least two repetitions at each flow rate are made to contribute towards a total of at least 10 readings.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 #! collected in the meter and from hall be taken both from the milk ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ example, 4 meters at two farms. When testing transportable meters, it is preferable to choose a shall tested be to are meters the which on machine milking The system. milking pipeline a with farm be checked and found to comply with ISO 5707 before any meters are tested. evening milking. The meters must therefore be tested at both morning and evening milkings. a minimum of 25% of the observations should be less then observations should 2 be over 10 kg/milking. kg and minimum of 25% of the manufacturers instructions with provision being made to trap the whole of each individual animal’s milk after it butterfat has and passed milk through of weight the both meter for (for results example meter see the diagram compare 1). to This which milk against so reference trapped a is as used content. Duplicate samples s by the meter. the reference milk, by taking techniques. two analysis separate and dips sampling of by the introduced whole errors calculate milk. to Comparison used of be these shall samples duplicates their with test, with the milkings distributed equally between morning and evening milkings. 1 months or 1.000 milkings, whichever occurs first, after finishing the first farm conclusion of this period the 4 meters are test. then re-tested and then re-calibrated When a meter is At the in do to what decides test-institute the and test-institute the to directly reported is this damaged consultation with the manufacturer. 7.2.3.2 Cleaning and disinfecting ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Testing Testing equipment used shall comply with the accuracy requirements of measuring ISO instruments shall have a maximum 6690 error of 0.02 kg to and be used for water buffaloes. weight 11.7.2.3.1 The following requirements must be met 1. The meter itself shall 2.be tested. The milking machine effect - the meters shall be tested on two or more different farms - for 3. Milk flow rate, yield and butterfat content - these will vary between animals and from morning to 4. The meters shall also be tested over as wide a range of yields as possible. It is recommended that 5. During the test the meters shall be connected to the milking equipment according to the 6.collected that and milk reference the both from taken be shall samples analysis, content butterfat *or 7.under meter each for undertaken be shall content fat for and yield milk for data reliable 20 least At 8. Permanently installed meters shall be used regularly on the farm for a period of no less than 11. If performed at the farm, periodic checks of the effectiveness of cleaning meters and disinfecting shall of be the carried out monthly on at least 2 (ref. 11.7.1.3.1.8). farms The during test the shall period comprise a of visual regular inspection use and objective measurement method. with ATP be shall farm the of meters All place. in cleaning after immediately done be shall inspection visual The subjected to detect any presence of residues. With the ATP method, swabs will be made on each peace where cleaning and disinfecting could be ineffective (or less effective than expected), especially on the top chambers and of in the samplers. the meter in the different Section 11- approval and Testing, checking of milk recording devices ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○

11.7.2.2.2.3 Accuracy of measurement at various airflow rates airflow various at measurement of Accuracy 11.7.2.2.2.3 per kg/min 0.5 ± of tolerance A unit. the in vacuum kPa 50 with measured be shall admission air The level of flow rate can be accepted. the covering rates admission air different with kg/min 3 of rate flow a at used be shall procedure The range 0 to 10 l/min. 11.7.2.2.2.3 Accuracy of measurement with the meter tilted The procedure shall be used at a flow rate of 3 kg/min and at 50kPa vacuum level with the meter inclined at an angle as stated in the manufacturers instructions for the mounting of the meter. accuracy influence that tilted meter the with plan sensitive more the investigate shall center test The These 10°. and 5° of angle an at plan this in only made be shall measurement and meter milk the of tests will be also made with jars. measurements Two will be made at each angle. *or portable meters, measurements should be taken to establish at what adversely point affects the the overall angle meter of accuracy. tilt 11.7.2.2.2.4 Assessment of the ease of carrying out checks routine accuracy It shall be assessed whether the correct functioning of the milk meter can means of be a simple easily routine test checked (preferably to by be conducted outside of milking hours using water). The test center shall investigate and recommend an appropriate test in the report of the approval test of the meter. 11.7.2.2.2.5 Collection of sufficient milk for sampling During the course of laboratory tests the proportion of milk collected by the jar and meter shall be vaccum stated the at milk of kg 1 at 20ml of requirement minimum the with compliance for checked level (50kPa) and air admission at the cluster (8 l/min.). 11.7.2.2.2.6 Effects on free fatty acids The test and the acceptable influence on **A are described in Appendix 2. 11.7.2.3 *arm test The factors which have major effects on metering accuracy of this type of instrument are milking machine characteristics and milk flow rate. The farm test should factors be are taken carried into consideration. out so that these This test is carried out under normal milking conditions on farms two times per 24 hours, in accuracy instrumentthe the meets conditions, operating actual under orderdetermineto whether, requirements specified under Section 6.3 and 6.4 for milk yield measurement and sample collection within the stated margins of error.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 ## ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 7.3.2.1 Accuracy of measurement at various liquid flow rates ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 11.7.3.1 11.7.3.1 Conformity conformity for checked be shall equipment recording milk the models new of approval provisional the *or procedures: following the to subjected be will and 5 and 4 Parts the in specified requirements the with 11.7.3.2 Laboratory tests 7.3.2.2.6. 7.3.2.1and sections in listed criteria the for laboratory the in examined be will meter The should fact this conditions, laboratory or simulated under unsatisfactory be to appear meters Where be noted in the report and should be taken into consideration in the overall evaluation. Laboratory tests related to different flow rates shall be made with milk and all othe rtests shall be made with water. The manufacturer shall state if any special conditions must be fulfilled such as the temperature of the water or chemicals needed to increase the electrical conductivity. recommended as be shall concentrations and chemicals the needed, are solutions test special Where by the manufacturer of the meter. difference for allow to water with measurements correct to necessary be may it used is water Where to milk. In this case it will be assumed that “normal” milk density is 1.032 kg/l for goats and 1.036 kg/l for the When sheep). for (3,6% 3% by necessary where corrected be should weights water that sheep manufacturer specifies a correction this factor, factor is used. The test rig shall consist of a vacuum system operating at the vacuum level recommended by the manufacturer of the meter appropriate or, in all in the comply shall absence It line. of low for any intended if recommendation, kPa 38 at and installations 45 line high kPa for intended if the meter is respects with the requirements of ISO 5707 (and special quantitative ruminants requirements in for preparation), small especially with regard to vacuum stability and Testing air equipment admission/leakage. used shall comply with the accuracy requirements of measuring instruments ISO shall have a 6690 maximum error of and 0.004 kg. weight relatedTests to milk flow rates shall be made at a vacuum level 38kPa and with air cluster bleed of 8 at l/min. The the same statistical analysis is used as is used for the farm test. 11. The milk meter is tested at constant liquid flow rates from 0,3 kg/min to up to 3.0 kg/min, using a suitable milking unit (artificial udder). It is recommended that at least five approximate flow rates are covered – 0,3, 0,6, 1.0, 1,5 and 3.0 kg/min. The liquid should pass through the meter during 4 minutes when tested the following flow rates: 0,3 and 06 kg/min. and 2 minute when tested 1, 1,5 3 kg/min in each case the actual flow rate is measured. At least two repetitions at each flow rate are made 20 readings. to contribute towards a total of at least meter between differences the and case each in noted is meter the by displayed liquid of weight The and reference are plotted graphically against flow rate. Any significant deviations at specific flow rates should be noted on the final report. Section 11- approval and Testing, checking of milk recording devices ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ there are no visible residues on milk contact surfaces, and results of ATP method for meters are located within the range where assessed to the be clean tested surfaces; surfaces are results of ATP method for the tested meters are at least equal or better than those recorded in the claw at the same unit. 7.2.3.3 Recording accuracy test 7.2.3.4 Handling and operational tests ○○○○○○○○○○○○

At least 4 or 5 swabs should be taken for 4 milk meters randomly chosen on the farm and one at the at one and farm the on chosen randomly meters milk 4 for taken be should swabs 5 or 4 least At top of each claw of each milking unit where the meters are assembled. The milk meter has passed the test if: • • • adequate the ineffective, is meter the of cleaning that show ATP of results or inspection visual either If measures for improvement shall be undertaken and the tests repeated. 11. In appendix 3 the statistical treatment of the results is given. All 4 meters shall comply with the accuracy requirements of paragraphs 5.3 and 5.4 tests. at all farm Only instruments which successfully passed the farm tests shall be accepted for use in official milk recording. (In cases where only one meter Center from appears to be the faulty 4 due selected to by the Test poor calibration, or chance, then the Center Test may, at its discretion, retest that meter only. recommendapprovalIf then may Center Test the retest, the satisfactoryat be to shown is meter that of the meter for use in official milk recording). 11. These are subjective tests and are not, therefore, specified but the intention is to test the ease of handling under actual operating conditions. Where the meter is designed to be portable the tests are particularly intended to check ease of transport of the is evaluation an tests these of course the In plant. washing and equipment milking meter the from removal and of its attachment to and also made of the meter’s sturdiness under actual operating conditions, characteristics and relevant of to any its practical other usefulness. This test is to be carried out on the same four meters during the entire test period. 11.7.3 Tests for provisional approval for milk meters and for goats sheep The manufacturer shall provide 30 meters out of which 2 meters randomly selected shall be used for laboratory test and 4 meters a reserve meter randomly selected to be used farm tests. *or fixed in-place meters the 4 meters and the reserve meter can be selected from meters already installed on at least 2 farms and already calibrated on these farms.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 #% ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 11.7.3.2.2.2.2 Recorder jars Recorder 11.7.3.2.2.2.2 The test shall be made according to ISO 6690 using described in Appendix 1. the actual parts of the reference unit as 11.7.3.2.2.3 Accuracy of measurement at various airflow rates per kg/min 0.5 ± of tolerance A unit. the in vacuum kPa 38 with measured be shall admission air The level of flow rate can be accepted. 0,8 and rates: admission air following the with kg/min 3 of rate flow a at used be shall procedure The 15 l/min. measurements Two will be made at each air admission only with milk meters. 11.7.3.2.2.4 Accuracy of measurement with the meter tilted The procedure shall be used at a flow rate of 3 kg/min and at 38 kPa vacuum level with the meter inclined at an angle as stated in the manufacturers instructions for the mounting of the meter. In the absence of any specifications, Center the shall Test investigate the more sensitive plan with the meter tilted that influences accuracy of the milk meter and measurement shall be made only in this plan at an angle of 5o and 10 o. These tests will be also made with jars. measurements will Two be made at each angle. *or portable meters, measurements should be taken to establish at what point adversely affects the the angle overall meter of accuracy. tilt 11.7.3.2.2.5 Assessment of the ease of carrying out checks routine accuracy It shall be assessed whether the correct functioning of the milk meter means can of a be simple routine easily test (preferably checked to be by conducted outside of milking hours using water). The test center shall investigate and recommend an appropriate test in the report of the approval test of the meter. 11.7.3.2.2.6 Collection of sufficient milk for sampling During the course of laboratory tests the proportion of milk collected by the jar and meter shall be checked for compliance with the minimum requirement of 20ml at 0,3 kg (or 0,3 l) of milk at the stated vacuum level (38 kPa) and air admission at the cluster (8 l/min.). 11.7.3.2.2.7 Effects on free fatty acids The tests on influence of the studied milk meter or jar on **A are optional. Section 11- approval and Testing, checking of milk recording devices ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 7.3.2.2 Mechanical ○○○○○○○○○○○○

The requirement is that a milk meter has to work within the 4 kg/min and that between a flowrate of 3-4 kg/min larger deviation is acceptable but the meter limits of error up to a flowrate of still has to operate. No test at various flow rates will be made with jars. 11. These are intended to test meter behavior under variations in certain obtain information operating on the operating limits parameters, of the model under to they consideration. are In particular, intended to determine whether possible variations of of such loss any in results machine parameters milking the to instrument the of have connection the whether and precision an effect on meter milking performance. 11.7.3.2.2.1 Accuracy of measurement at various vacuum levels One milk meter shall be used to repeat the procedure in 7.3.2.1 at vacuum levels of 30, 38, and 45 kPa. With jars, test with various levels shall be made only at 45 kPa. A tolerance in the vacuum level of ± 0.5 kPa is acceptable. at various vacuum Tests levels shall be made with an air admission at the cluster of 8 l/min, and at a liquid flow rate of 3 l/min. with Tests jars will be made at only 45 kPa. In each case two measurements will be made at each vacuum level. 11.7.3.2.2.2 Teat end vacuum meters Milk 11.7.3.2.2.2.1 The test shall be made by comparing the vacuum in the cluster with and without according the to milk ISO 6690. meter an with and kPa 38 of level vacuum a at made be will claw) the at (or end teat the at Measurements air admission at the cluster of 8 l/min. and at a liquid flow rate of 3 l/min.. will vacuum claw average the then seconds, 15 of period the during made be will measurements Two be calculated in both conditions and compared. long milk tube, elevation or If the manufacturerparticular type of cluster assembly, specifies a pulsation for use with then his that milk meter, type shall be used. types several with use for intended is meter milk the when and specifications, such of absence the In of milking units and heights of milk elevation, the reference unit described in Appendix 1 used. shall be If the manufacturer intends the meter to be used at different heights with respect to the milking pipeline, then several measurements (at the same flow rate of approximately taken to 3 confirm that the meter kg/min) complies with the requirements shall in all positions. be

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 #' ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 months or 2.000 milkings, whichever occurs first, after finishing the first farm and then re-calibrated .When a meter is re-tested conclusion of this period the 4 meters are then test. At the in do to what decides test-institute the and test-institute the to directly reported is this damaged consultation with the manufacturer. there are no visible residues on milk contact surfaces, and results of ATP method for meters are located within the range where assessed the to be tested clean surfaces; surfaces are results of method ATP for the tested meters are at least equal or better than those recorded in the claw at the same unit. 7.3.3.2 Cleaning and disinfecting ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 8. Permanently installed meters shall be used regularly on the farm for a period of no less than 11. If performed at the farm, periodic checks of the effectiveness of cleaning meters and shall disinfecting of be the carried out monthly on at least 2 11.7.1.3.1.8). farms The during test the shall period comprise of a regular visual use inspection (ref. and objective method. measurement with ATP be shall farm the of meters All place. in cleaning after immediately done be shall inspection visual The subjected to detect any presence of residues. With the ATP method, swabs will be made on each peace where cleaning and disinfecting could be ineffective (or less effective than expected), especially on the top chambers and of in the samplers. the meter in the different the at one and farm the on chosen randomly meters milk 4 for taken be should swabs 5 or 4 least At top of each claw of each milking unit where the meters are assembled. The milk meter has passed the test if: • • • adequate the ineffective, is meter the of cleaning that show ATP of results or inspection visual either If measures for improvement shall be undertaken and the tests repeated. 11.7.3.3.3 Recording accuracy test In appendix 3 the statistical treatment of the results is given. All 4 meters shall comply with the accuracy requirements of paragraphs 5.3 and 5.4 tests. at all farm Only instruments which successfully passed the farm tests shall be accepted for use in official milk recording. (In cases where only one meter from Center appears to be the faulty 4 due selected to by the Test poor calibration, or chance, then Center the may, Test at its discretion, retest that meter only. If approvalrecommend then may Center Test retest,the the at satisfactory be to shown is meter that of the meter for use in official milk recording). Section 11- approval and Testing, checking of milk recording devices ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ When testing transportable meters, it is preferable to choose a farm with a pipeline milking system. milking pipeline a with farm a choose to preferable is it meters, transportable testing When The milking machine on which the meters are to be tested shall be checked and found to comply with ISO 5707 before any meters are tested. evening milking. The meters must therefore be tested at both morning and evening milkings. *or goats it is recommended that a minimum of 25% of 0,8 kg and the minimum of 25% of the observations observations should be above should 2,5 kg/milking. be less then 0,5 l then less be should observations the of 25% of minimum a that recommended is it sheep *or and minimum of 25% of the observations should be above 1,2 l/milking. manufacturers instructions with provision being made to trap the whole of each individual animal’s milk after butterfat it and has milk passed of through weight the both meter for (for results example meter see the diagram compare 1). to which This against milk reference so a trapped as is used content. by the meter. Duplicate samples shall be taken both from the milk collected in the meter and from the reference duplicates their with samples these of Comparison milk. whole the of dips separate two taking by milk, shall be used to calculate errors introduced by sampling and analysis techniques. meter under test, with the milkings distributed equally between morning and evening milkings. The figures for fat content should be within the range of 2 – 12 % for milk for both sheep and goats. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

11.7.3.3 *arm test The factors which have major effects on metering accuracy of this type of instrument are milking machine characteristics and milk flow rate. The farm test should factors are be taken into carried consideration. out so that these This test is carried out under normal milking conditions on farms two times per 24 hours, in accuracy instrumentthe the meets conditions, operating actual under orderdetermineto whether, requirements specified under Section 6.3 and 6.4 for milk yield measurement and sample collection within the stated margins of error. Testing equipment used shall comply with the accuracy requirements of measuring instruments ISO shall have a maximum 6690 error of 0.004 kg and for sheep and goats. weight 11.7.3.3.1 The following requirements must be met 1. The meter itself shall 2.be tested. The milking machine effect - the meters shall be tested on one farm - four meters at one farms. 3. Milk flow rate, yield and butterfat content - these will vary between animals and from morning to 4. The meters shall also be tested over as wide a range of yields as possible. 5. During the test the meters shall be connected to the milking equipment according to the 6.collected that and milk reference the both from taken be shall samples analysis, content butterfat *or 7. At least 30 reliable data for milk yield and 25 data for fat content shall be undertaken for each

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 $ Milk yield Butterfat mandatory. not is but useful be can cell, proteinsomatic like and recordparameter, other To The choice is left to the test laboratory and the manufacturer ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ device used in the milking robot systems at taken, be will it herd, each *or system. milking automatic with routine daily normal for cows” the least, 50 valid recordings (milk yield + samples) from at least 30 different cows per herd. milking system and the sampling device. These components shall be in accordance with the actual standards and advises. The manufacturer is responsible for the good order of the milking system, the provides Manufacturer The start. test ICAR the before device sampling the and meter milk the the handling about explanation an gives and device sampling the for Manual User a with Center Test Manual User This etc.). tubes on, so and power-supply AM-system, to (connecting system sampling will be an Center *ollowingconnects integral the part the User of Manual; the the ICAR Test Test. sampling system to the AM-system and carries out device. sampling the the of test temperature procedure. the and The functionality correct User check Manual to methods must the include also environment. warm in reached be can that temperature high against protected be must device The yields, in consideration also of the different milking intervals. The following parameters must be recorded: • • • samples are taken in good conditions, to be correctly analyzed in the milk laboratory. It must be checked whether correct identification of sample bottles can be maintained when sampling for one milking procedure failed due to mechanical or software problems ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ b) Before the start of the test the representatives of the manufacturer will set in good order the c) The Center Test will assure that data will be recorded in order to ensure a large wide range of d)that allow should system The milked. been has cow a time each device the by taken be will Samples e) The volume of each samples must be at least 20 ml 11.7.5 Test procedure for samplers of automatic milking systems 11.7.5.1 Object The main object of these tests is: 1. to determine the representativeness for butterfat of the milk samples collected by the sampling 2. to test the functionality of the automatic sampler in every condition. 11.7.5.2 Method The tests will be carried out testing 2 sampling systems out of series of at least 10 systems. Both which in system milking automatic the by milked farms two in tested be should devices sampling the the sampling system is intended to be installed. The farms will be chosen by the ICAR Laboratory from a Test list of farms given by the manufacturer or dealer. a) The tests will by carried out during milking with the respect of habit cows, i.e. “habit Section 11- approval and Testing, checking of milk recording devices ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ changes new milk-meter has to be tested with the “normal” procedure or with the “shorter” procedure. If the procedure to follow is the “normal” then the procedure already defined in the ICAR guidelines should be followed, if the procedure to follow is the “shorter” then: laboratory a smaller and defined number of milk-meters, with randomized choice. tested the original milk-meter. existing an of improvement an only but milk-meter new a producing not really are changes the if and one perform well (ICAR guidelines) guidelines) (ICAR well might be able to give a provisional approval ○○○○○○○○○○○○

11.7.3.3.4 Handling and Operational Tests These are subjective tests and are not, therefore, specified but the intention is to test the ease of handling under actual operating conditions. Where the meter is designed to be portable the tests are particularly intended to check ease of transport of the is evaluation an tests these of course the In meter plant. washing and equipment milking the from removal and of its attachment to and also made of the meter’s sturdiness under actual operating conditions, characteristics and relevant of to any its practical other usefulness. This test is to be carried out on the same four meters during the entire test period. 11.7.4 Test for improved model of already approved milk-meter If a manufacturer, submitting a new milk-meter, declare that the proposing milk meter is has milk-meter original the only of portion a only that assuring model existing already an an of improvement been changed, then: 1.the of details all Sub-Committee, the of Chairman the to send and declare, must manufacturer the 2. Based on these information the Chairman and the Responsible of the laboratory will decide if the 3. The Chairman and the Responsible of the laboratory will ask to the manufacturer to send to the 4. The laboratory for testing will be, unless will not be possible for reasonable motifs, the one that 5.correspond manufacturer the from sent information the if check will laboratory the of Responsible The 6. The laboratory will perform a “shorter” version of the laboratory test if the new milk meter will 7. The laboratory will perform a “normal” version of the farm test if the new milk meter will perform 8. The Responsible of the laboratory will 9.send results to the Chairman of the Sub Committee In case of the positive answers for all points defined in the ICAR guidelines, the Sub-Committee 10. *or the final approval ICAR guidelines will be followed

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 $! ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ the manufacturer. reported to the suppliers for correction. records official for used be shall it from results no and rectified been have faults what determine to until a satisfactory meter check has been performed. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 11.7.5.5 11.7.5.5 Statistical analyses The statistical analyses will be done according the procedure described in ICAR procedure. SECTION 11 PART 8 - CHECKING INDIVIDUAL METERS AN O- APPROVED MODEL Ownership of the meters may rest with the farmers or with the Recording Authority. A Recording organization must develop a routine procedures to check the continuing results validity obtained through the use of meters of on the farm in order to guard against abuse or general wear and tear during the life of the meter and the milking installation. Routine controls must be carried out in accordance with Section 11 Part 7 of this guidelines. Jars have to be checked at least once every two years. It is strongly recommended that the routine checking of milk meters and jars is If carried the water. routine out checking is carried with out with water it is not necessary to take samples. Electronic meters connected to a computer can be subjected to an automatic check for biases in individual meters, as part of the yield recording program. taken. be should measures following the faulty, is meter a that reveals checking individual Whenever 1. The meter should be thoroughly cleaned and damaged parts, replaced. which can 2.effect accuracy, In the case of a meter fitted with a calibrating device the setting should be adjusted as stated by 3. If it is not possible to adjust the calibration or to rectify the defect on the farm, then it shall be 4.order in recording a at use next its before out carried be to is meter treated the on check further A SECTION 11 PART 9 - ACCEPTANCE TEST O- APPROVED TYPE METERS the before Organization Recording the by tested be must meters new all of accuracy measuring The recording device is used for official recording. Section 11- approval and Testing, checking of milk recording devices ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The number of the cow Milk yield given by the milk recorder Number of the sample The milking time for each cow expressed, for meters, on rule 6.3.2, part 2. flask. the in device shall be included. indicate standard procedures for suitable cleaning of the device. All parts of the meter shall subjected either be to automatic washing or easily accessible for cleaning and inspection. Cleaning, when carried out by the procedure specified by the manufacturer, shall prevent the presence of any obvious residue. • • • • testing the automatic milking system. meter declared by the manufacturer for the utilization of the milk meter used to perform the test but is milk recommendedmeter, approval of the automatic milking system supplementary test, using the requested model of milk meter, must be asked. Extra cost will be charged to manufacturers ○○○○○○○○○○○○

2. Cleaning and disinfecting test for samplers of automatic milking system should be carried on as 3.introduced been has water no if verify to test the during on carried be must rinses of simulations Two 4. The total milk yield from each cow will be weighed and recorded. The sample from the automatic f)shall manufacturer The washing. effective permit to designed be shall device sampling The Cleaning. 11.7.5.3 Procedure standard the using by obtained results the with compared be will device sample the from results The procedure described in “The Approval and Checking of Milk Recording Equipment”. 1. The following data will be recorded: 11.7.5.4 Milk meter model following the sampler, the of functionality the influence can meter milk of model the that Considering points must be fulfilled: 1. Manufacturer must state and render available the approved model of milk meter to be used for 2. The laboratory test, appointed to test the sampling device, must carry on the test with the milk 3.recommendation with together given be must system milking automatic the of approval eventual The 4. *or official recording it is not mandatory to use the automatic milking system with the declared 5. The recommended milk meter must be declared in every official documents related to the 6.ICAR If the manufacturer wants to recommend any supplementary models of milk meters, a short

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ $# APPENDIXES ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 $% SECTION 1.1 - APPENDIX A - PERORMANCE EVALUATION AND APPROVAL O OICIAL PERMANENT IDENTIICATION DEVICES Approved on: 30 May 2002 May 30 on: Approved ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ the ease of application and use, the efficiency of animal recognition, the durability and tamperproof quality, the issue of animal welfare. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ The International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR) is an organisation members, with worldwide. more Its than main 45 interest is standardisation of procedures and re­cording of livestock and to establish test procedures for the approval equipment methods methods used in of recording. $or many years, identi­fication ICAR permanent reliable has through recognition had animal individual the includes which responsibility recording, animal for registration systems used in devices. As the demand for identification strongly increases, more and more emphasis is placed on the need for permanent identification devices. As a result, there is a need to develop standardisation at the international level and to implement quality control of permanent identification official devices identification purposes. used for Introduction Permanent identification devices are divided into two categories: simple identification devices such as conventional plastic or metallic eartags, which may have machine electronic readableidentification devices like symbology, R$ID transponders and and the corresponding transceivers. The Subcommittee on Identification of ICAR proposes a procedure for testing the performance and reliability of identification devices considering: • • • • oreword

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 $' ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ISO standard 2812-2 : Resistance to liquids ISO standard 6427 : Plastics - Determination of matter extractable by (conventional organic methods) solvents ISO standard 4650 : Rubber - Identification - Infrared spectrometric method ISO standard 7111 : Plastic- Thermogravimetry of polymers - Temperature scanning method ISO standard 9352 : Plastic- Determination of resistance to wear by abrasive wheels ISO standard 527-1 : Plastics- Determination of tensile properties, part 1: General princi­ples ISO standard 37 : Rubber, vulcanised or thermoplastic - Determination of tensile properties stress-strain ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 1.1 - APPENDIX A - PART 1 PERMANENT - PLASTIC CONVENTIONAL EARTAGS WITH OR WITHOUT MACHINE READABLE PRINTINGS Scope This document specifies the requirements that conventional permanent plastic eartags, which may include machine readable printings, must fulfil to be approved by identification ICAR devices. as Procedures permanent to official evaluate the performance of the eartags requirements, against are described. the Conventional eartags with machine readable printings, include eartags with the following machine readable technologies:- bar code, multi-dimension code, automatic recognition of characters. separate protocol A is proposed for plastic eartags with R$ID transponders. Conventional eartags with machine readable printings submitted to ICAR for approval, must have their visual and machine readable printings evaluated according to this protocol. Successful completion of the procedures described in this document results in the registration of the approved eartag as a device that is recommended for official identification purposes. References The titles of standards referred to in this document are as follows: • • • • • • • The latest version applies. Definitions Approval code (for An approved), alphanumeric code followed consisting by of 3 “A” numeric digits. The approval code is used to identify and register an eartag model that has successfully passed the identification. official for eartags approved ICAR all on engraved be to has code This procedure. approval concerning the test product. This phase includes Section 1- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ a phase of formal application by the manufacturer where he require­ments and provides technical information undertakes to fulfil different pre­liminary basic tests, a phase of laboratory tests, which constitutes the first step of technical evaluation, a phase of preliminary field tests, which can lead to a provisional approval, a continuation of the field tests, which can lead to a full approval. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

The following procedures focus on testing the eartag design, printing method and machine read­ability machine and method printing design, eartag the testing on focus procedures following The suitability their and assessed not are available be may eartag the which in colours Specific relevant). (if for a particular task needs responsibility the to is It be legislation. consideredenvironmental relevant by with compliance the and purchaser. recycling as The such proceduresissues do not deal with of the manufacturer to comply with the environmental requirements of a particular jurisdiction. The different steps that can lead a manufacturer to initially obtain and then retain an approval for product are described in this document. The approval procedure is composed of different parts: • • • • regarding confidentiality for provision a include will laboratory testing a and ICAR between contract The laboratory test information proceduresTest as laid down in this document, have to be carried out by test institutes approved by ICAR. The fee for the test will be borne by the manufacturer of the device to be tested. withdrawn approval its have can product approved an period: time specified a for are approvals the All in the event approved of of samples take unexpected randomly poor will ICAR results subscribed. has over he which a to requirements long the with term comply period or if the eartags approved manufacturer that ensure to doesn't testing appropriate to them subject and place market the from tags continue to meet ICAR standards. The manufacturer will be required to meet the costs assessments. of these Also, the manufacturer is responsible for advising of any field performance of products which is not in accordance with previous test results. It is also his responsibility to inform ICAR of any change related to the composition or the print quality of an approved tag. When an eartag is approved by ICAR, the manufacturer will be able to indicate that particular tags design of [where that the rear plate (male element) is not larger than the tested eartag] and printing method have been approved by ICAR. However, the manufacturer should specific colours of not that tag meet the ICAR imply specifications. Likewise full approval does that not imply that satisfactory. are characteristics machine-readable its that or environments all for suitable is tag the Users of eartags will be encouraged to access appropriate ICAR provisionally approved publications and fully to approved tags. obtain a list of

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A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 % 30 eartags, simulate field conditions. Seventy eartags will be applied. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Section 1.1 - Appendix A - Part 1.1 procedure Participation to in gain test ICAR approval 1.1 Application from manufacturers appli­cation an complete to has he approval, ICAR for eartag an submit to wishes manufacturer a When the to copy a send also and Identification on Subcommittee ICAR’s of Chairman the to it forward and Secretary General of ICAR. obtained be can which 1), (Annex form application and application of letter a comprises application The from the Chairman of the Subcommittee on Identification or from the ICAR secretariat. respect with ICAR of conditions the fulfil to agrees manufacturer the form, application the signing By to the test procedure, including the payment of the applicable assessments charges that are and applicable for the approved eartags. monitoring and 1.2 Preliminary assessment of the eartags The manufacturer will deliver a sample of 100 eartags marked 2 pliers. In with situations where the eartags have the machine readable printing, the manufacturer reference should printing and indicate whether this printing is to be evaluated. If so, a reader must be supplied. The reader does not have to be commercially available from with the tags read to able be should eartag Readers situations. allied and farm manufacturer in use for available commercially but it protocol. does this in have qual­ity print to for standards be the meet must printing the but printing, standard non-ISO Where machine readability is to be assessed, the application should specify the type of symbology (language) on the tag, e.g. Quick Response (QR) Model 2, Data Matrix (DM) ECC 200, Aztec, Code 128, Code 39 or Interleaved 2 of 5. The applicant should indicate if AIM (Automatic Identification Manufacturers International Inc) quality standards (code dimensions) have been met. and form application the in given information the with eartags the of conformance assess to order In de­formation, without unlocking possible application, at tag the of (damage failure major any detect to inappropriate design considering welfare requirements...), the eartags will be submitted to some preliminary assessments, conducted by an ICAR approved technician. recommendations and requirements the if determine will technician the assessment, visual on Based concerning the following tamperproof aspects are met. Step 1: preliminary assessment of locking followed by attempted unlocking will Step be 2: undertaken on a second set of assessments including application to animals’ ears in a slaughter house to be sureTo that the application of the eartag suits all categories of animals, young and adults, the technician will use ears from animals which are more than 18 months of age. Section 1- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ the front plate which constitutes the so called “female” part, the rear plate, which, when it includes the pin in the case of an eartag composed of 2 elements, con­stitutes the “male part”, the pin which constitutes the “male” part in the case of an eartag composed of 3 elements. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Eartag or tested eartag The eartag model that is submitted for testing under the approval procedure and described in the application form. An eartag is composed of 2 or 3 principal elements : • • • Manufacturer The company or person that submitted the application for the approval of an eartag and accepted the conditions of ICAR for the control of production as set out in Section 3 of this document. Reference colour field $or printing. black with yellow is tests laboratory the in used are that eartags the of colour The tests, the colour is the official color used in the country in which the test takes place. Reference eartag The eartag model that is used to ensure that test conditions on each farm are acceptable. Reference eartags are chosen by ICAR from among the models that have already been approved. Reference printing Printing composed of 4 different and predefined figures (from 0 to 9) in bold Arial style, each figure separated by a blank space of 2 mm, to enable the assessment of the eartag for readability. The size of the figures is the maximum that will allow 4 numbers to be printed according to these specifications on the same line on the eartag. Test code An alphanumeric code consisting of “T” (for tested), followed by 3 numeric digits. The test code is used to identify and register an eartag model that is tested in the field under the approval procedure. This code has to be printed or engraved on all tested eartags used during the approval procedure.

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A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 %! ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices Characteristic Characteristic $) and A are used grades only (the Decode tags) (white contrast Symbol otherSymbol contrast (tags than white) axisaxis X Y Print growth and Axial non-uniformity A no worse than D or A/B B/A A/A, A grade Print A ○○○○○○ The QR and DM code tags are scanned by a flat bed scanner and the images scanned are checked by checked are scanned images the and scanner bed flat a by scanned are tags code DM and QR The which parameters, following the for report a has scanned image Each software. checker code QR the are referenced in the AIM International standards, section “M” under “Matrix Code Print Quality Guideline : 1. Decode Quality 2. Symbol Contrast 3. Print Growth X-axis 4. Print Growth Y-axis 5. Axial Non-uniformity” A scale of A (highly satisfactory) to $ (unsatisfactory) is used to record the print quality for each characteristic. When determining overall print quality, the final score for the code on recorded a for any tag of the is assessed parameters. the worst grade In relation to QR and DM symbologies, the following print quality specification, as outlined in next the table should be met: Where an eartag fails the Step 3 Test, its machine readable characteristics will not be subjected to subjected be not readable will machine characteristics its Test, 3 Step the fails eartag an Where the subsequent laboratory testing. the However, manufacturer will be advised in the report from ICAR of the standards achieved by the machine readable printing. The Chairman of the Subcommittee on Identification will inform the manufacturer of the results of the Preliminary Assessment. 1.3 Completion of the preliminary basic test phase Assuming that the application form has been satisfactorily completed, the preliminary assessment present any obvious major failure, the manufacturer is satisfactory and the eartags pliers don't can submit the eartags for tests and assessments as described in the following pages. has been broken at locking, or or locking, at broken been has or locking, after deformation any presents beenunlockedhas without breaking or damaging • • • None of the 70 eartags: Section 1- Appendixes MACHINE READABILITY STANDARD TO BE ACHIEVED AT STEP 3 TEST TEST 3 STEP AT ACHIEVED BE TO STANDARD Contrast Contrast above 50 or $irst 95 SCAN SCAN READ SUCCESS#ULLY TAGS O# NO. Message format format Message P ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ CHARACTERISTIC CHARACTERISTIC STANDARD Dimension Dimension of Data P Reflectance of Data Data of Reflectance $irst and Second 98 $irst, Second and Third and$irst, Second 99 has been broken at locking, or locking, at broken been has or locking after deformation any presents been unlockedhas or without breaking • • • STANDARD TO BE ACHIEVED AT STEP 1 TEST TEST 1 STEP AT ACHIEVED BE TO STANDARD 2TEST STEP AT ACHIEVED BE TO STANDARD None ofNone the 30 eartags: ○○○○○○○○○○○○

The required standards to be achieved by the submitted eartags, enable further consideration of the application are: The following preliminary assessment of machine readability (Step 3 will Test) be undertaken only where eartags are supplied with machine readable printings and the manufacturer has requested those printings be evaluated. Step 3 (Optional – Manufacturer to advise if test is required): $or eartags with linear barcodes, the “Quiet Zone” or margin at each end of the barcode should be at least 5mm. The height of the barcode should be at least 8 mm. Preliminary assessment of both machine readability and print quality for both linear and 2D type barcodes, will be undertaken on 100 tags and 20 tags respectively in a laboratory situation. In the machine readability component required attempts of number the and supplied reader the with read each be will tags the test, the of standard The recorded. be will tag) each for attempts four of maximum to (up reading successful for of performance to be reached is set out in the next table: be to standards The software. CHECK QUICK using quality print for assessed are barcodes linear The met are: assessed are tags DM and code QR the barcodes, 2D for test the of component contrast print the In for print quality using QR checker software which complies with the AIM International standards.

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A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 %#

2 2 2 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices 1 Phase 2 Phase 600°C to 30°C from 400°C to 600°C from Temperatures min / °C 20 / min °C 200 temperatures of Gradient Atmosphere N N Phase 3 Phase °C 850 to 400°C from min / °C 20 O ○○○○○○ 2.1.1.2.1 Characteristics of the plastic of the eartag plate A sample is placed in a solvent solution which is then submitted liquid is placed and dried to on a slide of glass. centrifugation. The resulting The film of residue on the glass slide is submitted for IR analysis, which will characterise plastic raw material (ISO standard 4650). 2.1.1.2.2 Plastifying agent of the eartag plate The plastifying agent will be extracted from a sample placed microwaves system (ISO standard 6427: Plastics - Determination of matter extractable by organic in a soxhlet full of ether owing to solvents [conventional methods]). After evaporation of the ether, characteristics of the extracted material will be determined by IR analysis (ISO standard 4650: Rubber - Identification spectrometric - method). Infrared 2.1.1.2.3 Proportions of organic, carbon and mineral content plate, (of excluding the the front locking mechanism) These criteria will be determined by subjecting a sample to increasing temperatures and measuring the decreasing weight at different critical points (ISO standard 7111: Plastic- Thermogravimetry of polymers - scanning Temperature method). 2.1.1.2.4 Mineral measurements after burning (detection of toxic elements) atomic The (above) residue of incineration will be analysed by means of a X spectrometer. recorded. be will effect polluting severely or toxic allergic, their for known elements of presence The Section 1- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○

1.4 Assigning a test centre $ollowing successful completion of the preliminary assessment, the Chairman of the Subcommittee ICAR-approvedan assign and will laboratory Identification assessments undertake on centreto test measurements on the eartags. The Chairman will transmit a copy of the application form to the test centre so that the technical information provided by the manufacturer can be verified. 1.5 Granting of a test code Subcommittee the of Chairman the by test, under eartag the to allocated be will code test specific A on Identification. This test code will be transmitted to the manufacturer so engraved that on each eartag it produced for subsequent tests. is printed or Section 1.1 - Appendix A - Part 1.2 and Description field of tests laboratory and assessment procedures 2.1 Laboratory tests commence can tests laboratory the phase, test basic preliminary the of completion satisfactory After in the test centre assigned by ICAR's Chairman of the Subcommittee on Identification. Prior to this testing the manufacturer has to deliver to eartags the marked assigned with the test test centre, code and 100 reference printing yellow and 2 pliers. The manufacturer will allocated be 25 reference printings (annex 2) to print on the reference printing). 100 eartags (i.e. 4 tags with each In situations where the eartags have machine digits 4 readable the include will eartags printing, the on printing readable and machine the evaluated, be printing the this that manufacturer supplied. requests be must reader a addition, In digits. 10 by barcode the in preceded printing, reference the of The reader does not have to be commercially available from the eartag manufacturer but it have does to be commercially available for use in farm and allied situations. Readers should be able to read tags with non-ISO standard printing but printing must meet the standards for print quality in this protocol. 2.1.1 Assessment of descriptive parameters to compared possible, when and assessed be will eartag the describe that parameters different The the information provided in the application form to ensure accuracy of description. 2.1.1.1 Weight and dimensions be will pin and rearplate plate, front the of dimensions the and eartag locked complete the of Weight measured. 2.1.1.2 Composition of the device Several criteria which define the composition will be evaluated.

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A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 %% phase phase 80 min min 80 Duration of the the of Duration

2 60 °C °C 60 a black board of anodised (spectrum: 300-400 nm) aluminium withaluminium temperature of the radiant heatproduced is by 55 °C °C 55 °C 55 % 95 = air of Humidity W/m 65 UV = min 60 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ - rain effects effects - rain effects - cold and - heat 20°C 20°C light - no rain Simulated light no - Cold min 30 min 60 - dry heat and light light and heat - dry ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices Climatic cycle* Phase1 Phase2 Phase3 humidity of air effects Temperature Humidityand light Phase4 effects *The rate of temperature change between each phase is 2º C/min. C/min. 2º is phase each between change temperature of rate *The ○○○○○○ 2.1.2.2 Readability assessment 2.1.2.2.1 Protocol for the evaluation of visual readability $ive tags from each treatment (table in section 2.1.2) will be selected for assessment. the printing, black with yellow be group,will Treatment each from tags text 5 the of colour the While 5 separate pages each with a corresponding number to the eartag, will be black printing on white paper. The font size, print style and space between the digits will be the same for the printed numbers on both the eartag and the page. commence To the assessment, the 5 eartags for testing and five separate pages are successively placed on a wall in random order. towards walking commence wall, the from meters 15 of distance a at standing initially assessors $ive the wall, successively trying to read the different eartags and pages. $or each assessor, the distance at which each device (tag or page) initially can mistake, be will be read registered. without the eartags will be separately calculated for each for The mean reading distances for the pages and assessor and for the average of the assessors. 2.1.2.2.2 Minimum requirements for visual readability Unused tag without treatment The mean distance at which the reference printing is read on eartags must be least 95 % of the mean distance at which the pages are read. Abrasive treatment treatment 23º 23º Heat & humidity humidity Ear wax wax Micro- organisms organisms Section 1- Appendixes Abrasive treatment treatment bath bath Alkaline Acid bath bath ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Yes Yes 23º 23º Heat & humidity humidity Tested characteristic Resistance theof systemlocking Visual readability Machine readability process. ageing accelerated the to subjected been has that tag a is tag aged *An Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Tag Unused Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes * Tag Aged Yes Yes ○○○○○○○○○○○○

2.1.2 Performance assessment The following table summarises the various treatments to be conducted characteristics before are particular assessed: 2.1.2.1 Protocols for the different treatments 2.1.2.1.1 Hot temperatures treatments The tag is placed for 3 hours in a box at the desired temperature and with a relative humidity 50 %. of 2.1.2.1.2 Protocol for the acid bath treatment Immersion for 3 weeks in a 50°C acid liquid (pH = 3) - ISO standard 2812-2. 2.1.2.1.3 Protocol for the alkaline bath treatment Immersion for 3 weeks in a 50°C alkaline liquid (pH = 12) - ISO standard 2812-2. 2.1.2.1.4 Protocol for the abrasive treatment The ISO 9352 standard (Plastic- Determination of resistance to wear by abrasive wheels) is used to create a level of abrasion based on 600 cycles of abrasion in a 23 °C atmosphere. 2.1.2.1.5 Protocol for the accelerated ageing process The accelerated ageing process consists of 180 simulated climatic cycles (about 1000 hours) each being comprised as follows:

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A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 %' $irst 95 Scan Scan (%) read successfully Tags Preferred performance to be achieved at scanning scanning at achieved be to performance Preferred $irst and Second 98 $irst, Second and Third Third and Second $irst, 99.7 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Each tag from each treatment is scanned a minimum of 100 times to give a minimum number. of readings of 1000 readings per treatment. The tags from a treatment are scanned in sequence and after the initial tag is successfully read or scanned a maximum of four times, the second tag is scanned until successfully read or scanned a maximum of four times. This procedure is repeated for each tag in the treatment group and after the last tag is scanned, the scanning recommenced (Run 2) with the first tag. A total of 100 Runs are needed to obtain sufficient data to assess performance. The number of scans required to successfully read each tag (e.g. one, two, three or four) in each Run is recorded. Data is tabulated so that the percentage of tags, from each treatment group, after the first scan, successfully the first and second scan read combined, a total of the first three scans, is shown. The performance of the tag is assessed against the minimum performance standards shown below: The scanning performance achieved for each treatment, would be described in the Report on the performance of a tag under laboratory conditions. 2.1.2.3 Protocol for the evaluation of the resistance of the locking system $ive unused eartags and five aged eartags each having been subjected humidity treatment, will be subjected to increasing forces determine the force required cause to the heat (23º C) and breakage or unfastening of the eartag. The forces will be applied initially at a rate of 1250 mm/min. 500 mm/min and subsequently at a rate of The force applied to cause breakage or unfastening of each eartag will be recorded. mean with less or Newton 280 at unfastening or breakage cause not should eartags unused the to applied a standard deviation of 20 Newton. $or aged eartags the equivalent value should be 250 Newton or less with a standard deviation of 20 Newton. 2.1.3 Conclusion of the laboratory tests The test centre will prepare a report of the tests and will send 2 copies to ICAR's Chairman of laboratory the the during collected information all that noted be should It Identification. on Subcommittee tests will be treated as confidential and only disclosed to the manufacturer of that eartag. If the results are satisfactory, the Chairman will advise the tests can manufacturer commence. that preliminary field Section 1- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Contrast Contrast above 40 or Message format Message P CHARACTERISTIC CHARACTERISTIC STANDARD Dimension of Data Dimension of Data P Reflectance of Data Data of Reflectance ○○○○○○○○○○○○

2.1.2.2.3 Unused Tag with treatment (acid bath, alkaline and bath, aged abrasion) tag (with or without treatment) The mean distance at which the reference printing is read for the eartags should not be less than 80 % of the mean distance at which the pages are read. Protocols for the evaluation of machine readability (This section only applies when a manufacturer has requested that machine readability is evaluated). symbology of quality print of evaluation the for Protocol 2.1.2.2.3.1 The linear barcode eartags subjected to various treatments are assessed for QUICK print CHECK software. The quality standards to be using met for these eartags after various treatments are: The 2D code tags subjected to various treatments, are assessed for print software quality using which checker complies with the AIM International standards. Testing will laboratory which complies be with ISO standard performed requirement. in a code the by checked are images scanned the and scanner bed flat a by scanned are tags code 2D The checker software. Each image Guideline: Quality scanned Print Code has "Matrix under a "M" section report standards, International for AIM the the in referenced following parameters, which are 1.2. Decode Quality 3. Symbol Contrast 4. Print Growth X-axis 5. Growth Print Y-axis Axial Non-uniformity" A scale of A (highly satisfactory) to $ (unsatisfactory) is used to record the print quality for each characteristic. When determining overall print quality, the final score for the code on recorded a for any of tag the assessed is parameters. the worst grade The standard of symbology should be no more than one print parameter on an unused quality tag without treatment grade (see Step above). 3 Test below that for each 2.1.2.2.4 Protocol for the evaluation of scanning performance The tags subjected to various treatments are scanned with the manufacturer. reader supplied by the tag

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A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 & ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ application of the test eartags will be demonstrated and advice on the correct use of the materials the of use correct the on advice and demonstrated be will eartags test the of application may be provided by the manufacturer, an agent of the test organisation will present details about the specific pre-registered forms (see annex 3) that farmers will use to collect the experimental observations and the farmer's personal comments. copies of the form will be distributed the farmers will be informed of the name of the agent of the test organisation to whom they will have to refer. general information: see page 1 and 2 of annex 3, results of application of the tags: see page 3 of annex 3, suitability of the pliers. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ • • • • period test the During At application, the farmers will, as much as possible, select alternate animals for the test eartags and reference eartags so that the environmental conditions at the occurs, time are equivalent for the test and reference application eartags. of tags The farmers will collect the data on a daily basis if possible, and retain all lost or broken tags that they find. In case of major problems related to the eartags, the farmers will contact their agent. The agent will inform the manufacturer so that a visit to the representative, farm, may be in organised. the company of a manufacturer's period test the of end the At and forms completed return will farmers the eartags, last the of application the after months Three defective eartags to their agent. 2.2.2 Recording (see annex 3) follow: as is applied are eartags reference and test both when collected be will that information The • • • Additional comments may also be collected (e.g. opinion on the packaging of the eartags). In the 3 months following the application of the eartags, the farmers will register on the recording form: animals with healing problems (such as infection or necrosis), losses of tags, broken unreadable tags, tags, tags with changes of colour or deformation (see page 4 of annex 3). recorded. be also will farm, the leaves test the to belonging animal an when date the occurs, it When 4). page 3, (Annex 2.2.3 Data analysis In situations where a farm records poor results (i.e. greater than models of eartags (i.e. reference and test eartags), it will be 5 percent necrosis) for each of the 2 5 percent loss; greater than excluded from the data analysis. be classified as, not not Section 1- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ each selected farm should have at least 30 births per year, the animals participating in the test will remain for at least 3 months (but preferably 12 months) after tagging on the farm where they are born, the total number of farms in the set has to be at least 10, on each test farm, the number of animals tagged with 2 tested eartags should approximately be equal to the number of animals tagged with 2 reference eartags. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

satisfactory/unsatisfactory, but the Report will describe the standards achieved. cease and a copy of the report will be provided. It should be noted that the report will only comment on machine readability if evaluation has been requested by the manufacturer. Machine readable printings will However, if the resultsare the manufacturer unsatisfactory, that the procedure will be advised However, will 2.2 Preliminary field tests performance the check to required is tests, field preliminary called tests, field of period short-term A approval provisional a refuse or grant to decision a to prior livestock, to applied when eartags the of the in remain will eartags but months 3 of period a for be will tests field preliminary The taken. being cattle for a further 9 months (extended field test). The Chairman of the Subcommittee on Identification will select the country in which the preliminary field tests should be located and assign the ICAR approved test organisation to co-ordinate these tests. The use of reference eartags in this test is to performance, in which case indicate the data will be excluded from if the analysis. a particular farm has abnormal tag After excluding abnormal data, assessment of test tags will be based on their actual performance, not their performance relative to the reference eartags. 2.2.1 Experimental plan and general organisation 2.2.1.1 Experimental plan A set of farms will be established so that receivewill 500 reference250 other the eartags, test receivefifty will and hundredyoung animals Two period. animals can be tagged within a 3 months eartags. Each animal will receive 2 identical eartags, that will be applied within 15 days of birth. The approved agent in charge of the test will select the set of farms knowing that : • • • • 2.2.1.2 General organisation The application of the eartags and the collection of observations will be by the farmers themselves. of test the At beginning the The farmers will be invited to a presentation at which:

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ &

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 &! ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ general information: see page 1 of annex 4, ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 2.3.1.2 General organisation The application of the eartags and the collection of observations will be by the farmers themselves. period test extended the During that tags broken or lost all retain and possible, if basis weekly a on data the collect will farmers The they find. In case of major problems related to the eartags, the farmers will contact their agent. The agent will inform the manufacturer so that a visit to the representative, farm, may be in organised. the company of a manufacturer's At the end of the extended period test months Twelve after the application of the last eartags, the farmers will return completed forms and defective eartags to their agent. 2.3.2 Recording (see annex 4) The information that will be collected during the extended field test is as follows: • form: recording the on register will farmers the test, field preliminary the following months 9 the In unreadable tags, broken tags, of losses necrosis), or infection as (such problems healing with animals tags, tags with changes of colour or deformation (see page 2 of annex 4). recorded. be also will farm, the leaves test the to belonging animal an when date the occurs, it When 2). page 4, (Annex 2.3.3 Data analysis In situations where a farm records poor results (i.e. greater than 5 percent loss; greater than 5 percent necrosis) for each of the 2 models of eartags (i.e. reference and test eartags), it will be excluded from the data analysis. Considering the farms that remain in the data analysis, the total percentage of each event (broken tag at application, deformed tag at application, healing problems, losses) will be calculated for the test eartag. application, at tags deformed and tags broken of percentage pliers, the of evaluation farmers' the Also will be compiled for information purposes. 2.3.4 Conclusion on based (i.e. rate retention a shows eartag test the test, field extended the of conclusion the at If, number of successfully applied eartags) greater than or equal to 98 % and if there is a necrosis rate equal to or less than 3%, full approval may be granted. The The calculation . test of field the extended and retention test field rate preliminary of period full the on based is rate necrosis the and data must include a minimum of 100 reference and 100 test eartags. Section 1- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The set of farms and animals that were used for the preliminary field tests will be extended field used tests. for the The aim should be to have a farms minimum the with probable not of is this If 100 test. field extended the animals of conclusion the at with eartags reference test eartags and 100 animals with involved in the preliminary test, additional farms/animals will need to be recruited. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Considering the farms that remain in the data analysis, the total percentage of each event (broken tag at application, deformed tag at application, healing problems, losses) will be calculated for the test eartag. application, at tags deformed and tags broken of percentage pliers, the of evaluation farmers' the Also will be compiled for information purposes. 2.2.4 Conclusion If, at the conclusion of preliminary field test, test eartag shows a retention rate (i.e. based on number of successfully applied eartags) greater than or equal to 99 % and if there is a necrosis rate equal to or less than 3%, provisional approval may be granted. The test organisation will prepare a report of the preliminary field tests and will send 2 copies of it manufacturer the inform will Chairman The Identification. on Subcommittee the of Chairman ICAR's to of the results of the laboratory tests and the preliminary field tests. Considering both laboratory and preliminary field tests results, the Board of ICAR will advise manufacturer the whether a provisional approval has been granted and the enlarged field tests can be performed or further evaluations cease because of unsatisfactory performance of the eartag. 2.3 Extended field tests $ollowing the preliminary field tests, extended field tests are required to check the medium term performance of the immediately eartags when follow applied which to months, livestock, 9 prior of to period a a decision to for grant be or will refuse tests a field full extended The taken. being approval after the 3 month preliminary field tests. The Chairman of the Subcommittee on Identification will select the country in which the extended field tests should be located and assign the ICAR approved test organisation to co-ordinate these tests. The use of reference eartags in this test is to performance, in indicate which case the data will be excluded if from the analysis. a particular farm has abnormal tag After excluding abnormal data, assessment of test tags will be based on their actual performance, not their performance relative to the reference eartags. 2.3.1 Experimental plan and general organisation 2.3.1.1 Experimental plan • •

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ &

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 &#

NO NO NO

YES YES

: ..

.. other: Y/N ..laboratory animals Y/N

: Y/N Y/N companion animals Y/N ...horses YES

: : : : ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ . ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices Address of owner: Address Printing to beassessed: Printing Description of machine readable printing: tag: to apply used be must pliers that of Description if yes, description of the parts and type of metal type and parts the of description yes, if cattle Y/N Application form for ICAR approval of Official Permanent Identification Devices: Devices: forform Permanent approval ICAR Application Identification of Official readable machine printings with or without Eartags PermanentConventional Plastic ICAR Approval Date: Date: : Applicant’s Name: Applicant’s Address: design: eartag of Owner Device Name and Model Number Device Type: . printing: readable Machine Physical Characteristics: Shape: .. .. YES Weight: Locking system: . . Colour: Material: Type of Plastic: . Specification of raw material: . Parts: Metallic the to agrees Device isusable for specifically and Devices” NO PhotographIdentification of the Device: Permanent Official of Approval and The undersigned agrees to abide by all conditions set forth Evaluation within ICAR’s document “Performance following: Only using the raw material specified in this application, to manufacture tags; Submitting the eartags to all tests and paying the fees determined by ICAR; any of payment including and sale, production regarding ICAR conditions any with additional Complying fees maintain to approved status; and Complyingwith official rules ofeach Country where tagsare sold. Date: Name: Position: sheep Y/N pigs Y/N goats ○○○○○○ Section 1.1 - Appendix A - Annex 1: Application form Application 1: Annex - A Appendix - 1.1 Section Section 1- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○

testing and the extended field test, and the manufacturer has signed an appropriate undertaking regarding production of future eartags to the standard of the test eartags. The Board of ICAR will inform the manufacturer of the decision that has been taken regarding full approval. This advice will also include a description of the conditions if printing, (e.g. readable machine of performance as well locations, as test, field extended the for enterprises, housing) of types requested. The eartags receiving full approval will be made publically available by ICAR. The test organisation will prepare a report of the extended field tests and will send 2 copies of it to it of copies 2 send will and tests field extended the of report a prepare will organisation test The ICAR's Chairman of the Subcommittee on Identification. The Chairman will inform the manufacturer of the results of the laboratory tests, the preliminary field tests and the extended field tests. ICAR of Board the results, test field extended and test preliminaryfield laboratory, both approval Considering will advise the manufacturer whether a full approval has been granted. provisional a of granting Section 1.1 - the Appendix A - for Part 1.3 maintenance Conditions and for use granting, of approvals Conditions 3.1 Based on laboratory test results and preliminary field test results, Identification will recommend whether ICAR's a provisional approval should be given Subcommittee or not. on In cases where a provisional approval is granted, the phase of extended field which must be tests, successfully completed to obtain will a full approval. proceed The Board of ICAR will inform the manufacturer of the provisional decision approval. that This has advice been will taken also regarding include a description of enterprises, the types conditions of (e.g. housing) locations, for the preliminary field test, as readable printing, if well requested. as performance of machine The eartags receiving provisional approval will be made publically available by ICAR. 3.2 Conditions for the maintenance/withdrawal of a provisional approval If an eartag fails an extended field test, its provisional approval will be withdrawn by ICAR. 3.3 Conditions for the granting of a full approval $ull approval will be granted by ICAR if the eartag has met standards established for laboratory 3.4 Conditions for the maintenance/withdrawal of a full approval ICAR reserves the right to withdraw its approval of an eartag if its long-term field performance is unsatisfactory or the manufacturer significantly alters the design, composition or printing of the eartag.

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ &"

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 &% ...... years old) old) years Breeders Young adults (21/2 months months Weaning to 18 18 to Weaning General information information General

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices A. Housing: Individual Group of #encing: Type B. wire Plain barbedand Plain wire to Birth weaning Country: of Type C. Notrees $ewtrees Heavy scrub $orested $eedlot Other: Describe: Ringlock Electric Netting Timber Iron Other: Describe: Identification of the supervising . agent and organisation: .. .. Name of the organisation: Name of the agent : Phone no: $ax no: .. . E-mail . Identification of the farm: .. $arm Identification no: Name of the owner: Address: Phone no: $ax no: E-mail Characteristics of the farm where . ...the test animals are reared: Animal breed: Number of adult animals: . placeson in matrix. appropriate tick Place ○○○○○○ Section 1.1 - Appendix A - Annex 3 for - ICAR page preliminary 1: field Recording tests sheet for eartag approval Section 1- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Section 1.1 - Appendix A - Annex 2: Sets of figures that are to are that figures of Sets 2: Annex - A Appendix - 1.1 Section be used as reference printings (25 series, each of four digits, to be defined) Examples of figure combinations to be used: 8080 7117 3883 5656 8808 3383 1717 3038 9989

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A

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1

&'

(*) put a cross in case of affirmative answer answer affirmative of case in cross a put (*)

ö this column is pre registered with the eartag numbers that are delivered to the farmer. farmer. the to delivered are that numbers eartag the with registered pre is column this

ö application application observation observation (*) ear (*) tag (*) tag observation (*) ear (*) tag (*) tag °$ or °C (*) (days) animal

N° N° Date of of Date Other Other Damaged Deformed Broken Other Damaged Deformed Broken Temp Rain the of age

Eartags Eartags Approximate Approximate

LE#T EAR RIGHT EAR EAR RIGHT EAR LE#T

$arm Identification N°: ______N°: Identification $arm

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

application of time at observations for sheet Recording ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Section 1.1 - Appendix A - Annex 3 for - ICAR page preliminary 3: field Recording tests sheet for eartag approval

No No Easy Difficult

Section 1- Appendixes Observations concerning the application application the concerning Observations Comments applicationthe concerning ofthe eartags ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

Who applied the eartags : Did you apply any disinfectant healingor substance at the eartag application? Yes pliers intag the the Placing the ear in the eartag, with the pliers Positioning the ear of through the pin Penetration locking of Achievement thepliers of Removing (packaging, onpliers the or evaluation readability...) the Personal eartags Description of the application conditions:

○○○○○○○○○○○○ Section 1.1 - Appendix A - Annex 3 for - ICAR page preliminary 2: field Recording tests sheet for eartag approval

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A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 ' ...... years old) old) years Breeders Young Adults (21/2 Months Months Weaning to 18 General information Weaning Weaning

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices Birth to to Birth Housing: A. Individual Group of #encing: Type B. wire Plain wire barbed and Plain Ringlock Electric Netting Timber Iron Other: Describe: of Country: Type C. No trees $ew trees scrub Heavy $orested $eedlot Other: Describe:

Identification of the supervising agent and organisation: . Name of the organisation: . Name of the agent : . Phone no: $ax no: .. E-mail Identification of the farm .. $arm Identification N° : Name of the owner : . Address: Phone no: $ax no: .. E-mail Characteristics of the farm where .. . the test animals are reared: . Animal breed: . Number of adult animals: .. matrix. on places appropriate in tick Place

○○○○○○ Section 1.1 - Appendix A - Annex 4 for - ICAR page extended 1: field Recording tests sheet for eartag approval

(*) 1ill in with the date when the event has been first observed. observed. first been has event the when date the with in 1ill (*)

Section 1- Appendixes

observation observation (*) (*) ear (*) (*) tag (*) tag observation (*) (*) ear (*) (*) tag (*) tag animal the from farm farm from N° N°

Other Other Necrosis Damaged Losses Deformed Broken Other Necrosis Damaged Losses Deformed Broken concerning the animal animal the Eartags Eartags

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ observations observations exit of of exit

Specific Specific Date of of Date

LE#T EAR RIGHT EAR EAR RIGHT EAR LE#T

$arm Identification N° : ______: N° Identification $arm

Recording sheet for observations during the preliminary test period period test preliminary the during observations for sheet Recording ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Section 1.1 - Appendix A - Annex 3 for - ICAR page preliminary 4: field Recording tests sheet for eartag approval

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A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 '! SECTION 1.1 - APPENDIX B - GRANTING AND USE O A MANUACTURER CODE OR ISO-COMPLIANT TRANSPONDERS Approved on: 30 May 2002 May 30 on: Approved ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Injectable transponders (small size transponder able to be injected into encapsulated in a biocompatible and an non porous material, i.e. glass) animal’s body and Electronic eartag transponders (plastic covered transponder able to be fixed to animal using a the locking mechanism or to be attached in ear non reversible way to an eartag) of the ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices

○○○○○○ oreword The International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR) is an organisation used methods and procedures of standardisation is interest main Its world. the around all members with more than 45 equipment of acceptance the for procedures test establish to and animals husbandry of recording in identification for responsibility the has ICAR years, many $or recording. performance for methods and systems used in animal recording. One of the main principles recognition. of recording is individual animal aspects with dealing standards two published (ISO) Standardisation for Organisation International The of radiofrequency identification (R$ID) of animals: ISO 11784 (referring to code structure) and ISO 11785 (dealing with technical concepts). As manufacturers of R$ID-systems spread their products over many countries there is a need to assure the functional accordance of these products with existing ISO defined standards by users and of such the systems. ISO needs does not have the responsibility of determining compliance with ISO standards. Based on a general agreement with ISO (Resolution ISO/TC 23/SC 19 N 113, No. 45, August 1996), ICAR has been developing procedures through which functional accordance of R$ID systems with the standards and the user requirements defined by ICAR could be proved. system national operational an is there Unless responsibility. national a is ID-codes of uniqueness The ICAR. by granted code manufacturer a using manufacturer the by guaranteed be can uniqueness the Introduction The Sub-Committee on Identification of ICAR proposes a procedure for testing a of use and the granting the for conditions up setting as well as compliance standards ISO with transponders R$ID of manufacturer code. In general, three types of ISO compliant transponders are covered by this guideline: • •

Part 2: ISO11784/11785-conformance of transceivers transceivers of ISO11784/11785-conformance 2: Part

Conformance evaluation of R$ID devices devices R$ID of evaluation Conformance

(V 1.4) 1.4) (V

()$l nwt h aewe h vn a enfrtosre. observed. first been has event the when date the with in $ill (*)

Section 1- Appendixes

(*) (*) observation observation (*) (*) ear (*) (*) observation observation (*) (*) ear (*) (*) tag (*) tag animal the from farm farm from N° N°

Other Other Necrosis Damaged Losses Tag Other Other Necrosis Damaged Losses Deformed Broken concerning tag tag the animal animal the Eartags Eartags

Deformed Deformed observations observations Broken Broken exit of of exit

Date of of Date Specific Specific

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ LE#T EAR RIGHT EAR EAR RIGHT EAR LE#T

$arm Identification N° : ______: N° Identification $arm Recording sheet for observations during the preliminary test period period test preliminary the during observations for sheet Recording ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Section 1.1 - Appendix A - Annex 4 for - ICAR page extended 2: field Recording tests sheet for eartag approval

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 '# components components technology ($DX/HDX) size and shape shape and size packaging packaging anything elsetransponderthe mayanything properties change the that of • • • • • combination with a country code, on international level. It is a national national a is It level. international on code, country a with combination ID-code. national the of uniqueness the responsibilityensure to with ISO 3166. information. Types of to be new store able may transceiver and arecharacterisedtransponders to: according the generating transponders the test to used is which Transceiver oras HDX transponders fieldis read and laboratory able $DX-B activation to in described 2.1. magnetic a and kHz of 134.2 frequency a with field electro-magnetic An 3 db m. 2 at +/- dbµV/m field 140 of strength acceptedthetransponders manufacturerfor ISO compliantand code ICARof asconditionsthefor code 3. manufacturer a of given use in document. in proceduredown Range laidplacement and of the this manufacturer within code structurethe code are given ISO 11784. in theThetransponder. code manufacturer the of productformat is code digits) 3 part, (second number serial a by followed digits) 3 part, (first ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ granting of a manufacturer code or extension of his rights for using an existing manufacturer code with new transponders. • • The application shall be done by sending a letter and an application General Secretary the to copy a and ICAR of Identification on Sub-Committee the of Chairman form (Annex 1) to the ICAR. of By signing the application form the manufacturer agrees to fulfil the conditions of ICAR with respect to the use of the manufacturer’s code and to accept the charges for this procedure. The fees for the test are determined by the board of ICAR. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices Identification code Identification and, individually, in toat national animal usedidentify A the code Countrycode Transponder A representing of 3-digitcode countrya numeric name the accordance in a bystored informationwhen activated itsdevice R$ID transmits which Transceiver Laboratory reference transceiver Laboratory activation with transponder.thedevice Theto used communicate field Manufacturer Manufacturer code foruseandsubmitted company The applicationthe that of a granting the A number 3-digitICAR aby togranted toaccording manufacturer the Product code A number 6-digitICAR aby togranted typefor certaina manufacturer of ○○○○○○ Definitions Description of procedures for manufacturer codes and product codes 1 Application 1.1 A manufacturer can apply for Section 1- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ concept Electronic bolus transponder (transponder placed into a high specific gravity container able to be orally administered to a ruminant and that remains permanently into its forestomachs) ISO ISO 11784: ISO 11785: Agricultural equipment - frequencyidentificationRadio - structureanimalsof Code ISO 3166: Agricultural equipment - frequencyRadio identification- animalsof Technical Codes representationthefor countriesof names of ○○○○○○○○○○○○

• The tests carried out by ICAR are recognised by the $ederation extending Veterinary of the Association validity ($ECAVA) to the areaEuropean of companion animals. Companion Animals approvedby institutes test by out carried be to have document this in down laid proceduresas Test ICAR. The fee for the test will be borne by the manufacturer of R$ID-systems. Scope individual in used R$ID-transponders of accordance the verify to procedures and rules specifies document This animal identification to existing specifications for numbering systems and minimum operating characteristics as laid down in the ISO standards 11784 and 11785. The result of the procedure is described. also granting are of codes these a of use manufacturer the code for conditions to The a tested. transponder manufacturer of type and the a to code product References The titles of standards referred to in this document are as follows: The latest version always applies.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 '% ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Reference capable reader, of reading $DX and HDX transponders Personal computer Test software Oscilloscope Spectrum analyser The test procedure of $DX and HDX transponders is the same. The demodulation method and the structure of the telegram however are different. The transponders are read out with a the activate producesreaderinterrogationISO-compatibleto This signal an referencereader. differential demodulated The demodulated. is transponder the of signal return The transponder. stream. bit basic the to converted is test under transponder $DX the of signal encoded bi-phase The HDX transponder delivers the basic bit stream directly using NRZ (non return to zero) encoding. This bit stream is fed to a personal computer together with the recovered signal. clock The test program, running on the checks personal the computer, incoming bit stream to confirm that the header is present and checks in case of a $DX transponder if every ninth bit after the header is a logical “1”. The following test results have to be displayed on screen and stored in a test file: Received bit pattern: The received bit pattern is displayed in 13 data blocks of 8 bits. control bits between the blocks are displayed between square brackets at the end of each block ($DX only). code: Identification identification This form. decimal in and hexadecimal in binary, in displayed is code identification The code is compared with the list of codes supplied by the manufacturer or with the readout of the reader supplied by the manufacturer. Country code: Also the country code is displayed in binary, in hexadecimal and in decimal must form. be This 999. code flag: block Data logical a be to checked is it test this In received. be to is data additional that indicates bit This “0”. Reserved field: These form. decimal in and hexadecimal in binary, in reserveddisplayed are the field of bits The bits are checked to be zeroes. Animal bit: The animal bit is checked to be a logical “1” (animal application). CRC-check: The CRC-CCITT bits are displayed in binary, hexadecimal and in decimal form. The CRC code is also calculated by the program from the received 64 bits of the identification code according this If program. the by displayed is code hexadecimal calculated This 11785. ISO of B Annex to CRC-test the If warning. audible an gives program the received, that from differs code calculated is OK, a note is added to the test file. • • • • • ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 2.2 Test equipment Section 1- Appendixes transponders has to be in accordance with ISO 11785

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 7.000 Swiss $rancs when a manufacturer applies to take part in a test for the first time with a given technology ($DX-B or HDX) 4.000 Swiss $rancs when a manufacturer who has already been granted a manufacturer code applies to take part in the test with a new transponder with the same technology. or the ICAR secretariat. centre which will test the transponders. have a country code 999. The manufacturer must provide a list of the transponder codes in decimal representation. The test centre may ask for a list representation in (including start bits, binary headers, footers, and etc.). hexadecimal compatibility with ISO 11784/11785 is done by reading the 50 with transponders a reference transceiver as individually described in 2. All tested transponders must be readable by the referenceThe codes read transceiver. by the reference transceiver must agree with ISO manufacturer. the by provided codes of list the on be must codes identification the and 11784 chairman of the Sub-Committee on Identification of ICAR. the test result. The board of ICAR letter this of copy A informs codes. these of use the the for conditions the and manufacturer given codes the concerning about the decision of ICAR will be sent to the chairman of the Sub-Committee ISO/TC23/SC19/WG3. and to the secretariat of ICAR also issues a product code for each type of transponder successfully tested. this document and as reference tags. (i.e. 134.2 kHz 3 +/- kHz). The modulation sidebands of the 50 transponders under test are checked to be in the correct frequency bands. The shape, mechanical dimensions and colour of the transponders under test are checked with checked are test under transponders the of colour and dimensions mechanical shape, The the information given in the application form (see 1.2). A picture of one or more samples is taken in order to be put inside the final test report. The resonance frequency of the 50 In 1999, the fee structure is as follows: • • ○○○○○○○○○○○○

1.2 The application form can be asked from the chairman of the Sub-Committee on Identification 1.3test approved ICAR an assign will ICAR of Identification on Sub-Committee the of chairman The 1.4 The manufacturer will send 50 transponders to the test centre. These transponders must 1.5 The test centre will test the transponders as described in paragraph 2. The check on the 1.6 The test centre will prepare a report of the test and will send 2 copies of the report to the 1.7 The chairman of the Sub-Committee on Identification of ICAR informs the manufacturer about 1.8 A manufacturer will only get one manufacturer code. In addition to the manufacturer code 1.9in described as tests further for centre test the by kept be will tags electronic tested 50 The 2 Test 2.1 Description of test procedure

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Application form for ICAR manufacturer code code manufacturer ICAR for form Application o Electronic Eartag Eartag Electronic Injectable Transponder Transponder Injectable cattle Y/N Y/N cattle Y/N sheep Y/N goats Company Name Name Company Address ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices a Manufacturer Code for ISO Compliant Transponders" Metallic Parts: No No Parts: Date: ICAR Approval Type Device Name: Device Technology: Code: 11784 ISO Characteristics: Physical Shape: Length: Cylindrical Diameter: Weight:Material: .. Colour: Plastic Type: Metallic Date: No Ceramic Type: Type: Glass Device isusable for: No No Device.: the of Photograph o Use and “Granting document ICAR’s within forth set conditions all to abide to agrees undersigned The Date: Name: Position: ○○○○○○ Section 1.1 - Appendix B - Annex 1: Application form Application 1: Annex - B Appendix - 1.1 Section Section 1- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ the code structure and the technical concepts given in ISO 11784 and ISO 11785. It is no certification for product quality of the transponders tested. This is approval only test carried out under possible the responsibility of after ICAR. an transponder that has been tested by ICAR. combination with his manufacturer code. When in a country a national system for unique use of identification codes is operational, the manufacturer shall guarantee to fulfil the national conditions in this country. (an)other manufacturer(s), he must inform ICAR which manufacturer is programming transponder. the necessary information all ICAR to available makes manufacturer the purpose that $or conditions. one when withdrawn be may code manufacturer the use to right The conditions. the control to or more of the conditions mentioned above are not fulfilled. binding. be will ICAR of ○○○○○○○○○○○○

3 Conditions for the right 3.1to use granted codes Granting of a manufacturer code confirms the accordance of the transponders tested with 3.2 The manufacturer may only use his manufacturer code granted by ICAR in the type of 3.3 The manufacturer shall guarantee the uniqueness of the individual identification code in 3.4 When a manufacturer gives the responsibility of the programming of the transponders to 3.5these fulfils manufacturer specific a if test unannounced and periodically to right the has ICAR 3.6 ICAR has the right to revise these conditions. 3.7decision the code manufacturer the of use the or conditions these regarding disputes of case In

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1  Description Description cylindrical, glass glass cylindrical, encapsulated, diameter,2.1 mm in length11.1 mm in glass cylindrical, encapsulated, diameter,3.9 mm in length32 mm in whitecylindrical, ceramic, diameter,19.4 mm in length64 mm in glass cylindrical, encapsulated, diameter,3.9 mm in length23 mm in shape disk yellow like with, 24.5 mm in diameter, knob) height14 mm in (inc. cylindrical,encapsulated glass diameter,2.1 mm in length13.3 mm in hole, centre shape, like disk black, diameter,30 mm in height1.6 mm in hole, centre shape, like disk black, diameter,22 mm in height1.5 mm in blue, dark shape, like disk diameter,30 mm in height2.0 mm in shape, disk like white, 28 (50) mm in diameter, height1.7 mm in whitecylindrical, ceramic, diameter,20 mm in length74 mm in cylindrical, glass encapsulated, diameter,2.1 mm in length15.0 mm in

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980 980001 980 $DX-B 980002 Tag $DX-B Tag code Manufacturer Manufacturer

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ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices o. 982 982002 982 $DX-B 982003 Inject 982 HDX 5 982 982004 Datamars Inject 6 HDX 982005 981 Hotraco 982 Bolus HDX 6 981001 982006 Inject Hotraco $DX-B HDX 7 Earlsmere I.D. Inject Tag 8 979 Ordicam 9 979001 978 Avid $DX-B 978001 Tag 977 $DX-B 977001 Tag 977 $DX-B Bolus 977002 $DX-B Inject N ○○○○○○ Description Description button like shape, shape, like button 29 mm in diameter, 13 mm in height cylindrical, glass encapsulated encapsulated glass cylindrical, 2.1 mm in diameter, 12.5 mm in length shaft,disk like with shape black, 28.5 mm in 1.7 mm diameter, height, in 10.5 mm inc. tab encapsulated glass cylindrical, 3.1 mm in diameter, 20.6 mm in length rectangular shape with a shaft, yellow, 38.0 x 31.5 mm, 1.3 mm in height red,shape, conical 22 mm in diameter, 12 mm in height cylindrical, plastic, white, cap steel stainless 20 mm in diameter, 68 mm in length white, shape, conical 22 mm in diameter, 12.3 mm in height hub, a shape with flywheel white, 40 mm in diameter, 12.4 mm in (hub) height encapsulated glass cylindrical, 3.9 mm in diameter, 31.5 mm in length encapsulated glass cylindrical, 3.9 mm in diameter, 23.2 mm in length whitecylindrical, ceramic, 21 mm in diameter, 68 mm in length shape, like button 29 mm in diameter, 13 mm in height

Section 1- Appendixes code code Technology Usage Product

983 983001 HDX Tag 983 983 983003 HDX 983004 Inject HDX Bolus code ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Manufacturer Manufacturer

Instruments Manufacturer

o. 1 Destron 985 985001 $DX-B 985 Inject 985002 2 985 $DX-B Nedap Tag 985 985003 984 $DX-B 985004 Inject 984001 $DX-B $DX-B 984 Tag Tag 3 984002 984 Texas $DX-B 984 984003 Bolus $DX-B 984004 Tag $DX-B 983 Tag 4 983002 Allflex HDX 982 Inject 982001 HDX Tag ○○○○○○○○○○○○

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Section 1.1 - Appendix B - Annex 2: List of manufacturer codes manufacturer of List 2: Annex - B Appendix - 1.1 Section

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 ! Description Description cylindrical, glass glass cylindrical, encapsulated, diameter,2.1 mm in length12.0 mm in disk like shape, conical centre shape, disk like conical plastic, hole, black, diameter,26 mm in height4.5 mm in glass cylindrical, encapsulated, diameter,2.15 mm in length11.5 mm in glass cylindrical, encapsulated, diameter,2.1 mm in length11.6 mm in glass cylindrical, encapsulated, diameter,2.1 mm in length12.0 mm in white,cylindrical, ceramic, diameter,21 mm in length68 mm in glass cylindrical, encapsulated, diameter,3.85 mm in length31.5 mm in glass cylindrical, encapsulated, diameter,2.1 mm in length12.0 mm in central disk a like with shape plastic, shaft, yellow, diameter,30 mm in height8 mm in glass cylindrical, encapsulated, diameter,2.2 mm in length12.2 mm in

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965 965001 $DX-B Inject 966 966001 $DX-B Inject 963 963001 $DX 961 Inject 961001 $DX Inject code Manufacturer Manufacturer

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ LTDA LTDA I.A.I.D. Co. Ltd. Ltd. Co. Mecanica International Manufacturer

o. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices 18 AEG 968 19 Rfdynamics 968001 $DX-B 967 968 20 $earing Tag 967001 968002 21 Technology 4D $DX-B $DX-B Inject Inject 22 Gesimpex 964 23 964001 Eletro Korth HDX 964 24 DigiTag A/S Bolus 964002 962 25 Mannings HDX 962001 Inject $DX Tag N ○○○○○○ Description Description disk like shape with tab, tab, with likedisk shape yellow, 38 mm in diameter, 6 mm in 61 mm inc. height, tab glass cylindrical, encapsulated, 2.1 mm in diameter, 13.5 mm in length grey, plastic, cylindrical, 25 mm in diameter, 104 mm in length 2.5 mm in yellow, plastic tag, height, width, in mm 60 80 mm in inc. length tab glass cylindrical, encapsulated, 2.2 mm in diameter, 12.5 mm in length white,cylindrical, ceramic, 19 mm in diameter, 65 mm in length black, encapsulation, plastic 44mm in length, 13 mm in diameter, a facility hole with attachment transponder tothe is applied encapsulation, black, encapsulation, plastic shape, like buckle 44 mm in length, the of width mm total 36 buckle white,cylindrical, ceramic, 19 mm in diameter, 74 mm in length disk like white, shape, 30 mm in diameter, 1.7 mm in height disk like yellow, shape, plastic (incl. central shaft) 32 mm in diameter, 21 mm in height

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code ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Manufacturer Manufacturer

Manufacturer

o. 10 Gemplus 976 11 Sokymat 976001 12 975 $DX-B Impro 13 Tag 975001 $ujihira 974 $DX-B 14 973 Planet ID Inject 974001 $DX-B 15 973001 972 Alfa-Laval Agri Bolus $DX-B 971 972001 Tag $DX-B 971001 Inject HDX 971 Bolus 16 971002 Amphenol HDX 971 17 970 Caisley Tag 971003 970001 969 HDX HDX 969001 Tag Bolus $DX-B 969 Tag 969002 $DX-B Tag

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 # components components protocolcommunication packagingandsize, shape anything propertieschange else the that ofmay transponderthe structure structure Technical concept • • • • with a country code, at international level. It is a national responsibility to to responsibility national a is It level. A 3-digit numeric code representing the name of a country in accordance with international at 3166. ISO code, A code used to identify the animal individually, country at national a and, in combination with ensurethe uniqueness nationalof the ID-code. Transceiver which can read ISO11784 $DX-B and ISO 11785. and HDX transponders to is Transponder transceivers. used test which the as defined in in the tested will the from kept series be apart transponders reference These transponder conformance tests and will be selected from different types and manufacturers. The that company submitted the for application the conformance transceiver test. A 3-digit number granted procedure by ICAR laid to down a codemanufacturer within structurecodethe manufacturer are given in ISO 11784. in according this to the document. device Theto transponder.with the usedcommunicate Range and placement R$ID of device which the transmits its transceiver and stored may be able to store new information information. Types of transponders when activated by are characterised according to: a attachment and bolus ruminal tag, ear Inject, ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ISO 11784: 11784: ISO 11785: ISO ISO 3166: Code - animals of identification frequency - Radio equipment Agricultural - animals of identification frequency - Radio equipment Agricultural Codes representationthe for ofcountries of names Countrycode code Identification transceiver ISO Laboratory reference transponder Manufacturer code Manufacturer Transceiver Transponder Transponder type ○○○○○○ References The titles of standards referred to in this document are as follows: The latest version always applies. Definitions Section 1- Appendixes SECTION 1.1 - APPENDIX C - CONORMANCE TESTS O RID TRANSCEIVERS COMPLYING WITH ISO 11784 AND ISO 11785 Approved on: 30 May 2002 May 30 on: Approved ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○

oreword The International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR) is an used methods and organisation procedures of standardisation is interest main Its world. the around all members with more than 45 equipment of acceptance the for procedures test establish to and animals husbandry of recording in and methods for performance recording. $or many years, ICAR has standardisation accepted of responsibility identification for systems used in animal recording. One of recording the is individual animal main recognition. principles of aspects with dealing standards two published (ISO) Standardisation for Organisation International The ISO and structure) code to (referring 11784 ISO animals: of (R$ID) identification frequency radio of 11785 (dealing with technical concepts). As manufacturers of R$ID-systems distribute their products throughout many countries there is a need to assure that these products comply with existing ISO standards and the needs defined by users of such systems. ISO does not have the responsibility of determining standards. Based compliance on with a ISO general agreement with ISO (Resolution ISO/TC 23/SC 19 N 113, No. 45, August 1996), ICAR has been developing procedures through which compliance of R$ID with the standards and systems the user requirements defined by ICAR could be proved. Introduction The Sub-Committee on Identification of ICAR has defined a procedure for testing the compliance of R$ID transceivers with ISO standards. The tests carried out by ICAR are recognised by the $ederation extending Veterinarythe validity Association of to ($ECAVA), the area of European companion animals. Companion Animals approvedby institutes test by out carried be to have document this in down laid proceduresas Test ICAR. The fee for the test will be borne by the manufacturer of R$ID-systems. Scope This document specifies rules and procedures to verify the compliance of R$ID-transceivers used in operating minimum and systems numbering for specifications existing to identification animal individual characteristics as laid down in the ISO standards 11784 and 11785. The result of the procedure is a report, declaring that the tested transceiver operating characteristics complies as with laid down the in the ISO standards 11784 and 11785.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 % : ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ with the ISO standards 11784 and 11785. Physical Physical appearance A photograph of the transceiver will be taken and included in the be will number serial device The report. final test the in noted be will dimensions test mechanical and weight report. Additionally, noted in the test report. #requency of activation field: The frequency of the transceiver's activation field shall be measured. It is expected that it will be within a tolerance of + or - 10-4 from 134.2 kHz. #ield strength of activation field: The field strength of the transceiver's activation field shall be measured. This field strength must not exceed the limits as described in ETSI ETS 300/330 (64 dBmA/m at 10 m and 134.2 kHz). In case of a separate transceiver and antenna, the transceiver under receive/transmit antenna test and tuned to generate maximum field strength is (in free air strength and not close field connected the of to antenna the its and test under transceiver ISO the between distance The metal). to meter shall be 3 and/or The 10 measuredmeter. field strength shall be put in the test report. #unctional test: will $DX-Btype the of referencetransponders ten and type HDX the reference of transponders Ten be read out by the transceiver under test without code codes errors. which appear on The the transceiver's country display will be and compared with the identification listed known codes of those reference technology transponders. every of In transponders ten case of codes the the 11785, transceiver ISO of under A annex test in described is as technologies capable of reading other the transceiver must be tested shall for, be read out correctly by the transceiver. Timing of the activation field: to according transponders HDX and $DX-B both reading of capable be will transceiver ISO an Since activation the of timings the 6, clause 11785, ISO in described as protocol timing adaptive dual the field in the following four different cases will be checked. periods The 1/1. figure to according be shall field activation the of switching on/off the of timing The the activation field is switched on shall pattern fixed have a have shall cycle a activation tenth Every ms. length 3 for off switched be of shall field activation 50 ms. In between these periods the of 50 ms activation period and a fixed pause of 20 ms. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 1.8 ICAR shall do anything within its power to protect the integrity of products claimed to be in compliance 1.8in be to claimed products of integrity the protect to power its within anything do shall ICAR 2 Description of the transceiver conformance test procedure 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 No transponder in the field: activation Section 1- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ a standard transceiver conformance test for an ISO transceiver of A annex in described as capabilities additional with transceiver ISO an for test conformance a ISO 11785. The application shall consist of a letter and an application form (Annex 1) which should be sent to the Chairman of the Sub-Committee on Identification of ICAR. The manufacturer shall receive a confirmation within two weeks. By signing the manufacturer application agrees form to accept the the charges for this testing procedure. The fees for the tests are determined by the board of ICAR. EURO .. for a standard transceiver conformance test for an ISO transceiver. EURO additional charge . for every described technology, in annex A of ISO 11785, which must be tested. the ICAR secretariat or via the Internet.. test centres from which a manufacturer can select one. charger and a full user description will be supplied by the manufacturer. with ISO 11784/11785 is done by reading reference transponders as described in section 2. All reference transponders must be readable by the transceiver under test. The codes read by the transceiver under test must agree with the codes of the reference transponders. the report to chairman of Sub-Committee on Identification ICAR, who in turn will inform the manufacturer. manufacturers all to hyperlinks provide will ICAR Additionally, products. approved the of photographs involved. A manufacturer can apply for apply can manufacturer A • • In 2000, is the as fee follows: structure • • ○○○○○○○○○○○○

1.2 The application form can be obtained from the chairman of the Sub-Committee on Identification or 1.3 The chairman of the Sub-Committee on Identification of ICAR shall provide a list of ICAR approved 1.4 The manufacturer will send a transceiver to the test centre. Additionally, all cabling, the battery 1.5 The test centre will test the transceiver as described in section 2. The check on the compatibility 1.6of copies 2 send will and test the of results the of report confidential a prepare will centre test The 1.7 ICAR shall have a list of successfully tested transceivers available on the Internet, together with Description of procedures for transceiver conformance tests 1. Application 1.1

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ $

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 ' X RF FD X RF HD ATA D UNDER TEST ISO ISO READER OUT PINS X T Test Under Antenna ISTANCE=3/10 D m Antenna Reference IN I UT O ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Or 10 $DX-B reference transponders of different manufacturers. 10 HDX reference transponders of different manufacturers. set Test up for activation field frequency measurement. set Test up for activation field strength measurement. set Test up for activation field timing measurement. Oscilloscope. Spectrum analyser or EMI receiver. Calibrated reference antenna. Uncalibrated reference antenna or pick up coil. Since full ISO transceivers produce an intermittent activation field, a frequency counter cannot be used for the frequency measurement. An alternative is a spectrum analyser or an EMI receiver, suitable for making high accuracy carrier frequency measurements. Together with reference antenna, the same a test set up can be calibrated used for field strength measurement. reference a by sensed is transceiver the of field activation The up. set measurement a shows 3 $ig. close to the placed reference antenna will be an oscilloscope screen. The antenna and displayed on transceiver antenna to make the emitted R$ signal visible on transponders in the the activation field the change of oscilloscope. timings can be observed. By placing EMI RECEIVER EMI ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices SPECTRUM ANALYZER SPECTRUM ○○○○○○ 3. Test equipment • • • • • • • • • #requency and measurement field test strength measurement set up: #igure 2: Test setup. set up Test for measurement: field activation timing t [ms] 20 50 10 FIXED PATTERN 20 3 3 4 20 0-50 50 0-50 50 3 50 3 50 20 50 ACTIVATION CYCLES ACTIVATION 20 3 3 Section 1- Appendixes 50 2 50 0-50 0-50 20 3 1 50 50 50 50 20 50 ms 50 FIXED PATTERN ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ CASES After placing a HDX transponder in the activation field, the transceiver shall switch off the activation the off switch shall transceiver the field, activation the in transponder HDX a placing After switched is field activation the period The code. identification the read and 1/2) (fig. ms 20 for field on remains 50 ms. After placing a $DX-B transponder in the activation field, period field is switched on shall have a length of 50 ms and shall be extended to a maximum of 100 ms if the transceiver cannot validate the $DX-B signal correctly the first time (fig. 1/3). Both situations shall be tested by moving the reference transponder slowly away from the transceiver antenna. The periods the activation field is switched off shall be 3 ms. Also in this case, every tenth activation cycle shall have a fixed pattern of 50 ms activation period and a fixed pause of 20 ms. After simultaneously placing a HDX and a $DX-B transponder in the activation field (fig. 1/4), the signal. $DX-B the of conditions receiving the of dependent ms, 100 to 50 be shall period activation activation tenth every Again, ms. 20 be shall always field activation the of periods off switching The cycle shall have a fixed pattern of 50 ms activation period and a fixed pause of 20 ms. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

1) NO TRANSPONDER 2) HDX TRANSPONDER ONLY ONLY FDX TRANSPONDER 3) 4) HDX & FDX TRANSPONDER HDX HDX transponder present in the field: activation #DX-B transponder present in the field: activation HDX and #DX-B transponder present in the field: activation #igure 1. ISO description Timing Transceiver

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A

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Application form for ICAR transceiver conformance test test conformance transceiver ICAR for form Application No

Company Name Name Company Address

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Separate Antenna: ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ICAR ICAR ApprovalDate: ISO 11784/11785 technology: Additional technologies: Transceiver Type: Portabletransceiver: Stationary transceiver: Characteristics: Physical Dimensions (l x w x h): RS232 port: number:serial Device Device.: the of Photograph 11785" ISO and The undersigned agrees to abide to set all conditions document forth ICAR’s within ISO11784 “Protocol with complying transceivers R2ID of tests conformance for Date: Name: Position: ○○○○○○ Section 1.1 - Appendix C - Annex 1: Application form OUT PINS OUT ISO ISO READER UNDER TEST TX Section 1- Appendixes Antenna Reference IIN Test Under Antenna ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ OSCILLOSCOPE HDX FDX ○○○○○○○○○○○○

#igure #igure 3: Timing Setup. Transceiver

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 ! Interval (±10%) Interval (±10%) Symbol Authenticity SECTION 2.2 Approved on: 30 May 2002 May 30 on: Approved Average Daily Recording Recording Daily Average ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 24 30 4 A/B hours The only obligatory milk recording is that of the quantity of milk (i.e. quantitative milk recording). That is to say that tests on the composition of the milk (or qualitative tests for fat and content) protein are optional. weight of factor conversion The (milliliters). volume or (grammes) weight by measured be may Milk (grammes) into volume (milliliters) is 1.036, which corresponds to the normal sheep milk density. The minimum daily milk yield tested is set at 200 g or 200 ml. The limit of error (standard deviation od error) is 40 g or 40 ml. Monthly Method Others ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices Recording length ○○○○○○ SECTION 2.2 - ANNEX 1: THE RULES AND OBLIGATORY STANDARD IN ALL SITUATIONS Section 2.2. Annex 1. Part 1. Ewes ex­clusively to being ewes the all be flock, recorded the for controlled recording milk (quantitative) is there Whenever milked (of the breeds or genotypes involved in the breeding program) must be recorded, i.e. milk recording is realized only when the ewe is definitively separated from its lamb(s). Section 2.2. Annex 1. Part 2. Type and recording expression of milk • • • • Section 2.2. Annex 1. Part 3. requency of milk recording visits • • Section 2- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

○○○○○○○○○○○○

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 # ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 2.2 - ANNEX 2: LACTATION CALCULATION CLAUSES I MILKING ROM LAMBING recommend the approvedWe organizations to define, for each breed and category of ewes (age or to close length lactation standard a with lactation, per reference of production a number), lactation the average lactation length of the considered breed (according to its breeding system).

hours Recording length

hours Recording length Section 2- Appendixes

hours Recording length

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 24 24 24 24 24 36 42 30 30 5 6 AT AC A/B A/B A A milkings) taking into account the total volume of milk produced by the whole flock over the milkings concerned (bulk tank weights). two Alternate Milkings Corrected Milkings Interval 36 Number Interval 42 Number Recording length hours Interval dependingon the situation ofthe in lambings flock.the ○○○○○○○○○○○○

NB1: AT alternating monthly test (recording of only one of the two daily milkings) AC corrected monthly test for evening/morning differences (recording of only one of the two daily NB2: No set total number of recording visits per year (described by each official organization).

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ "

A A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 6 %

) 2

n 5 1 + n n 5 1 + − n n ( 4 N n females − N Non-inseminated Non-inseminated

5 n

+ 5 4 5 n n N n + + N N 1 2 n n (pregnant) (pregnant) + 1 n Non-returned females females Non-returned SECTION 6 Approved on: 30 May 2002 May 30 on: Approved ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices Short returnsfemales are as considered = NRR day 3-60 18-24 day NRR = ○○○○○○ ANNEX 1: INCIDENCE O THE CHOSEN OPTION OR EXCLUSION THE O SHORT RETURNS Let be : “N” the total number of female inseminated for the first time in a given period “n1” to “n4” the number of returns within different intervals after the date of insemination “n5” the number of non-returned females at Day 60 Such as N=n1+n2+n3+n4+n5 of females | n5 Number | n3 n4 | n1 n2 |------|------|------|------|------> AI 61 Day of return after 17 18 24 25 60 0 2 3 If all returns are considered, 60 day NRR = If short returns are excluded, the table below illustrates the two optional calculations. Section 2- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○

SECTION 2.2 - ANNEX 3: LACTATION CALCULATION CLAUSES I MILKING ATER A SUCKLING PERIOD recommend We the approved organizations to define, for each breed and category of ewes (age or lactation number), a production of reference at milking-period only with both a standard suckling length and a standard milking-only length, close to the average length of the suckling considered breed (according to its length breeding system). and milking-only

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ $

A A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2 9 ' Annex Annex National Breed Names Names Breed National Breed Code Code Breed SECTION 9 Approved on: 30 May 2002 May 30 on: Approved ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices Breed Abondance Tyrol Grey Angus Aubrac Ayrshire Belgian Blue Blonde d'Aquitaine Beefmaster Braford Brahman Brangus Swiss Brown AB Chianina AL Charolais Dexter AN Galloway BD AU BB AY Guernsey Gelbvieh - BM Hereford, horned 2.1 Hereford, polled Highland Cattle BO 2.1 BR Holstein BS BN CA CH DR GA 2.1 HH GU HP GV HI 2.1 HO 2.1 ○○○○○○ SECTION 9: ANNEX 1: BREED CODES ON BOVINE STRAWS SEMEN OR INTERNATIONAL TRADE ASSIGNED BY ICAR Section 6- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

zero will consider the total of the returns 3 days will eliminate short returns due to errors in oestrus detection than rather failures female to related be to considered are which returns the eliminate will days 18 bull or technician failures 24 days will give early report although not considering late embryonic mortality unforeseen identify to indicator late a is but fertility bull of reflection precise more a give will days 90 problems 56 days appears as a compromise commonly chosen by AI organisations

○○○○○○○○○○○○ ANNEX 2: CONSIDERATION TO CATTLE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY of Beginning the interval : • • • : interval the of End • • •

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ &

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 9

National names names National Canadian Angus Angus Angus Angus Galloway German: Galloway Italian: Tiroler Grauvieh Including Canadian American Oberinntaler Grauvieh Razza Grigia Alpina German Rätisches Grauvieh Aberdeen Angus $rench: $lemish: German: Blanc-bleu Belge Italian: Witblauw $rench: Ras van Belgie Spanish: Braunvieh Czech: Razza Bruna Race Brune Romanian: Alpina Bruna, Parda Russian: Bulgarian: Shivitskaja Hnedy Karpatsky Including Bruna kafyava B'ljarska Red Black and Dun White Dutch: German: Galloway Danish: Belted Galloway British: Swedish: Holstein Swartbont Deutsche Holstein,schwarzbunt $rench: SortbrogetDanskMalkekvaeg Italian: $riesian Holstein Spanish: Låglands Boskaap Svensk 'Holstein Prim Italian: Holstein $risona Holstein $risona Piemontese

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices English Name Tyrol Grey Angus Belgian Blue Brown Swiss Galloway: Holstein, Black andWhite: Piedmont National Breed Names Breed National ○○○○○○ SECTION 9: ANNEX 2: BREED NAMES IN DIERENT IN NAMES BREED 2: ANNEX 9: SECTION COUNTRIES Annex Annex 2.2 2.2 National Breed Names

* * ] ] RE SH

[ [ Breed Code Code Breed Section 9- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ new breed code, including the 1innish Ayrshire 1innish the including code, breed new change from earlier code because of existing code in 1rance in code existing of because code earlier from change Breed Jersey Limousin Maine-Anjou Murray-Grey Montbéliard Marchigiana Normandy Piedmont Pinzgau Red ofCattle Europe Northern Romagnola and White Red Holstein, Salers JE MA LM Santa Gertrudis MG South Devon MO Shorthorn MR Simmental Sahiwal NO** Tarentaise RW*** PI Black Welsh Buffalo PZ (Bubalis bubalis) * RN ** SG *** proposal US WW 2.2 SL** SD 2.1 SM B$ SW TA WB 2.2

○○○○○○○○○○○○

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○  A

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 9 11 ! SECTION 11 Approved on: 30 May 2002 May 30 on: Approved ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 11 APPENDIX 1 - REERENCE EQUIPMENT AND LOW RATES with done be to have record­ingequipment milk with tests the of resultssome comparable obtain To influence the testing when used be shall unit milking reference A rates. flow and equipment reference on teat end vacuum for milk recording equipment intended use several types of milking units. Reference flow rates shall be used to describe the fun­ction at different levels. meter shall be A used to test the in­fluence on reference free fatty acids ($$A) in the milk milk. The reference equipment should be well suitable to the pur­pose, and it must be widely applied in a large number of countries. Available specifications at the time of issue are as follows: Section 11 - Appendix 1.1 Reference milking unit Cattle A reference unit brackets. with in given the are numbers part following spare relevant specification the (A-L), L shall 100 HP be Alfa-Laval the used. is requirements An example of unit fulfilling the 1.1.1 Tolerances and definitions When no other figures are given, the tolerances shall be within ± 5%. In addition to the definitions in ISO 3918, the following definitions are valid: 1.1.1.1 Collapse pressure of the liner to necessary kPa in wall liner the across difference pressure the is liner the of pressure collapse The make the two opposing walls of the liner come into contact. Measurements shall be made with a standard teat-cup plug fitted.

Section 9- Appendixes Ukrainian Polish Red Red Polish Red Including Danish Red Byelorus Angeln White and Red Swedish Ukrainian Whiteand Red Norwegian Red Estonian Dutch: Latvian Brown German: Red Lithuanian Danish: Lowland Polish Red Including Holstein,roodbunt rotbunt Holstein, RoedbrogetDansk Malkekvaeg Dairy Shorthorn Including purposedual use beefand German: Italian: Czech: Shorthorn Beef Slovakian: Polled Shorthorn $leckvieh Romanian: Russian: Rossa Pezzata Razza Slovenskystrakaty Cesky strakatý româneasca Baltata Simmentalskaja National names names National

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ English Name Northern of Cattle Red Europe Eastern) (and Holstein, Red and White Shorthorn Simmental National Breed Names

○○○○○○○○○○○○

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 # ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 1.1.2.8 Pulsation (A-L HP 102 pulsator 968800-82 with 965710-01) glider Alternate pulsation. Pulsation rate: 60 c/min. Pulsator ratio: 60% a-phase: 12 ± 3% c-phase: 12 ± 3% Maximum limping: 4%. vacuum the that so designed tap vacuum a by pipeline vacuum the to connected be shall pulsator The the in kPa 50 of vacuum a with l/min 150 of flow air an at kPa 5 exceed not does tap the across drop pipeline. There shall be no air leakage. Diverging specifications buckets 1.1.2.9 Long milk tube Length: 800 mm, i.d. 14 mm (A-L 956662-80). 1.1.2.10 Long pulse tube Length: 800 mm, i.d. 7.5 mm (A-L 956900-81). 1.1.2.11 Vacuum tube Length: 2000 mm (A-L 956663-81). Water buffaloes, goats and sheep No specifications, but the milking unit shall be described. 1.1.3 Reference flow rates 1.1.3.1 Water flow rates The reference value is 5.0 kg/min. 1.1.3.2 Air flow rates The reference value is 8.0 l/mi­n. for cattle and for water buffaloes and 4.0 sheep. l/min. for goats and Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○

1.1.1.2 Change in liner volume The change in liner volume is the difference in the liner volume with atmos­pheric pressure at both measures both liner, the pressure outside atmospheric and inside kPa 50 of vacuum a with and sides of percentage a as and ml in stated is volume liner in change The fitted. plug teat-cup standard with the liner volume. The liner volume comprises the entire cavity form top of the mouthpiece to and including the short milk tube, measured with atmospheric pressure at both sides of the liner. 1.1.2 Specifications 1.1.2.1 Liners (A-L 960016-83) Diameter of mouthpiece lip: 24 mm (not mandatory). Liner bore 75 mm below the of the mouthpiece lip: 24 mm (not mandatory). Length of the liner (mouthpiece + barrel): 160 mm (not mandatory). Collapse pressure of the liner: 10 ± 2 kPa. Change in liner volume; 40 ml, 40%. 1.1.2.2 Short milk tubes (including ev. sight glass) Length: 150 mm, i.d. 8 mm (A-L 960016-83). 1.1.2.3 Shells Length and diameter suitable for the liner (A-L 960550-80). 1.1.2.4 Short pulse tubes Length: 155 mm, i.d. 7,5 mm (A-L 960015-81). 1.1.2.5 Claw (A-L 960200-80) Volume: 150 ml. Nipples short milk tube: i.d. 8 mm. Nipples long milk tube: i.d. 14 mm. Air admission: 8 l/min at 50 kPa vacuum. 1.1.2.6 Long milk tube Length: 2400 mm, i.d. 14 mm ISO 6690 (A-L to 956662-81). according pipe straight a by pipeline milking the to connected be shall tube milk long The annex A.4. There shall be no air leakage. 1.1.2.7 Long pulse tube Length: 2400 mm, i.d. 7.5 mm.

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A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 % ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 11 APPENDIX 2 - MEASURING THE EECT THE O MILK METER ON THE REE ATTY ACIDS MILK (A) IN this when device sampling with or device sampling (wit­hout test under meter milk the of effect The is an integral part of the milk meter) shall have no more influence on $$A than the reference milk meter (see A.3). The effect on $$A of the milkmeter under test (with and without sampling device device if is the not sampling a fixed part of the meter) shall be compared meter. with the effect of the reference milk This milk shall preferably be from cows in late lactation or from cows whose milk susceptible is for known to lipolysis be Because electronic milkmeters are mostly used on low line systems, the test shall carried preferably out be on a low line tubes the setup that taken be (see shall Care kPa. the 42 at not ISO if or tested 6690 be to meter annex the for level A). recommended Vacuum level has to be set at the are arranged so that slope and lifting height are the same for reference (no milkmeter attached), milkmeter and the reference milk meter.. At least 50 liters of fresh milk shall be available for each test series. amount whole The collection. milk the from hours three to one within done be to has series test The of milk has to be mixed thoroughly and kept at a temperature of 30 C ± 2 C. All samples shall be taken in duple. Immediately after the samples have been taken, they have to be placed in cold running tap water (10-12 C) for one hour. The samples shall 28 hours at 4 be C before stored being analyzed. for 24 to in acids freefatty “Determinationof (1991) 265 nr. bulletin ID$ in are described methods Analyzing milk & milk products”. possible a on check to series, test the after and before taken be to has milk (unused) the of sample A (unwanted) increase in $$A. The difference between these two samples 0.08 meq/100 g shall milk be fat. less than reference milk milkmeter under test with and without sampler, The testing sequence (no milkmeter, Each meter) test shall series be shall in be a carriedrandom order. out four times at a flow rate of 3 milkmeter. kg/min the and four pass times to at have a milk flow rate of of kg 1 12 kg/min and at an 10 airflow Between of sheep. 8.0 and l/min. for goats cattle for and l/min. water 4.0 and buffaloes only using between $$A in difference the as expressed be shall milkmeter any of $$A on influence The the cluster and using the cluster and the milk­meter. Statistical analysis shall not indicate a negative influence (p<0.05) of the meter in test compared to reference milk meter. Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○

1.1.4 Reference milk meter Cattle and water buffaloes When testing the milk recording equipment influence on free fatty (appendix 3), acids the Tru T­est ($$A) HI model according with 13 to mm inlet and outlet shall be used as reference milk meter. Goats and sheep No reference milk meter.

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A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 ' ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 3.2 Water buffaloes $or water buffaloes the same procedure is used. Only the milkings with a reference milk yield as is section in 1 table in given as used are errors of limits the and used are 5.4 and 5.3 section in given 5.4. 3.3 Sheep $or sheep the same procedure is used. Only the milkings with section 5.3 a and 5.4 are used and reference the limits of errors milk are used as given yield in table 1 in as section 5.4. given in 3.4 Goats $or goats the same procedure is used. Only the milkings with section 5.3 and 5.4 a are used and the limits reference of errors are used milk as given in table 1 yield in section 5.4. as given in 3.5 Protein The results for protein content are calculated in the same results are used way to indicate errors in as handling. is done for fat content. The Use the standard deviation of the differences between the means for the reference samples and the and samples reference the for means the between differences the of deviation standard the Use correlation the If meter. the of S, reproducibil­ity, the of estimate an as samples meter the for means of content $at the on dependent is meter the of bias the that assumed is it (P<0.05), significant is the milk. Calculate the regression of the differences between refe­rence samples and meter samples on the overall mean $at content at each cow milking, and use the residual standard deviation about regression the line as an estimate of repro­ducibility of the meter. In both instances, plot the observed differences, the expec­ted bias and the maximum acceptable bias against the overall mean $at content for each cow-milking. If expected lies outside acceptable limits at any point within the range of observed $at contents the meter is re­jected. (An example calculation is shown at Appendix 4) Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○

SECTION 11 APPENDIX 3 - STATISTICAL TREATMENT O ARM TEST RESULTS 3.1 Cattle 3.1.1 Yields Only cow-milkings with a reference yield between 2 and 33 kg are used in the calculation. $or each meter calcula­te the difference between each meter yield and its reference yield, and estimate the (differences) results extreme very All yields. reference the and differences these between correlation should be used in calcula­tions, unless there is reason to assume an error has been made or the meter has been broken. independent is meter the of bias the that assumed is it 0.05), (P> significant not is correlation the If the mean difference between of the the referenceyield. Take and meter yields to be the bias of the and take meter, the standard deviation of the diffe­rences to be the reproducibi­lity of the meter. If the correlation is significant (P<0.05), it is assumed that the bias of the meter is dependent on the yield. Calcu­late the regression of the differences on the reference yields, and take the residual standard deviation about the re­gression line to be the reproducibility of the meter. In both instances, plot the observed differences, the expec­ted bias and the maximum acceptable bias against yield. If the expected bias falls outside the acceptable limits at range any of observed reference point yield the meter within is rejec­ted. the 3.1.2 at Only cow-milkings with a reference sample between 2 and 7% fat are used in the calculation. Calculate differences between duplicate reference samples and between duplicate meter samples. fewer no be shall There units. $at 0.10% exceeds difference either which for cow-milkings Eliminate necessary. be will meter that of retest a otherwise meter, one any for remai­ning cow-milkings 30 than Calculate means for the duplicate reference samples and means for the duplicate meter samples. Calculate the difference between the mean values per cow milking correlation between and these differences and total the mean and for the duplicate estima­te referen­ce samples. All the very extreme results (dif­ferences) should be used in calcula­tions, unless there is reason to assume an error has been made or the meter has been broken. possible to take two samples), this sample is available (it not one When for each cow milking only sample should be analyzed twice and the average of the two readings is taken. independent is meter the of bias the that assumed is it (P>0.05), significant not is correlation the If of the $at content of the the mean milk. differenceTake between the reference and meter samples to be the bias of the meter.

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A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 ! 2 2 2 2 s n 142 s . n 0 − 2 = 298 2 2 . 2 0 yy = 0.296% (pass) = 0.169 kg = 1.524% (pass) = 0.018 (pass) S − xy – ny – – nx – nx xx 2 2 2 S y y = – ny – S xy – nxy – xy 2 y x x xy – nxy – xy ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Σ yy Σ Σ Σ Σ S xy xx = = 6056.398 – 43 x (11.089) = 769.240 = = 1.252 – 43 x (-0.033) = 1.205 = = = 978.552 – 42 x (4.748) = 31.734 y = = 0.016 – 42 x (-0.009) = 0.013 = = -1.965 – 42 x 4.748 x -0.009 = -0.090 = -24.705 – 43 x 11.089 x -0.033 S = -9.070 = S ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices xx xx yy xy yy xy ○○○○○○ r= r= SD = SD _ S __ S _ S __ S r= n= 42 METER 1 2AT n= _ S n= 43 METER 1 MILK n= _ S bias = y = -0.033 kg biasSD = y = SD = -0.009 (pass) Section 11- Appendixes Kg milk Kg Meter samples Referencesamples ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 5.40 8.40 7.60 5.28 7.10 8.45 0.12 7.71 -0.05 7.07 5.71 -0.11 4.60 0.03 5.74 5.96 4.57 4.70 4.39 5.73 5.98 5.759.60 4.59 4.56 4.376.20 5.75 4.76 5.97 5.99 4.55 8.20 5.75 9.67 -0.06 4.38 -0.03 5.99 4.56 4.38 6.10 -0.07 5.99 0.03 4.38 4.19 8.26 -0.02 0.10 4.38 4.11 -0.06 4.19 0.00 5.41 4.12 2.89 4.19 4.21 5.427.20 4.12 2.87 4.14 4.20 8.60 5.42 4.13 4.21 5.448.60 7.10 2.88 -0.02 2.93 4.14 8.90 5.45 8.55 -0.02 2.93 0.10 5.45 8.67 -0.03 2.93 0.05 8.82 6.31 -0.05 -0.07 4.47 0.08 6.30 5.43 4.448.90 5.06 6.31 5.42 6.315.40 4.46 5.057.40 4.46 6.30 8.80 5.43 5.41 8.20 6.31 4.47 5.34 5.06 5.41 0.10 5.076.90 4.47 0.00 7.31 -0.01 5.41 0.06 5.07 8.05 4.25 0.09 0.02 5.07 6.86 4.50 -0.02 0.15 4.25 3.92 0.04 4.51 4.44 4.25 3.917.40 4.25 5.42 4.51 4.45 4.50 4.25 3.92 3.93 5.438.10 4.52 4.25 7.42 4.45 4.468.00 3.93 4.51 0.00 -0.02 5.43 -0.01 5.44 4.475.50 3.93 7.92 -0.02 4.47 5.43 5.21 8.07 -0.02 0.18 5.44 5.57 -0.07 5.20 -0.01 6.18 -0.07 4.82 5.21 5.20 6.16 5.06 4.83 5.20 6.17 5.05 5.20 6.19 4.83 4.81 0.01 6.18 5.06 5.04 4.80 6.19 -0.02 4.81 5.06 5.05 0.02 0.01 14.50 11.90 14.55 10.20 11.84 16.20 -0.05 10.19 0.06 4.96 16.52 0.01 5.37 -0.32 4.98 5.39 5.38 4.03 4.97 18.00 4.99 5.39 19.00 5.38 4.01 4.98 5.39 17.94 17.50 5.39 4.99 5.45 5.39 18.79 4.02 -0.0215.60 4.03 0.06 5.45 5.39 17.55 16.00 4.03 -0.02 0.21 5.45 15.79 4.30 -0.05 -0.06 4.03 15.90 4.23 -0.01 -0.19 4.30 3.25 0.10 4.24 3.54 4.30 3.24 4.32 1.91 13.20 4.24 3.55 4.23 4.32 3.25 12.60 3.23 1.92 4.24 4.32 13.69 3.55 10.30 3.54 -0.02 3.25 4.24 12.49 11.00 -0.49 1.92 3.53 3.24 1.90 0.00 10.41 3.54 0.11 0.01 1.90 6.34 11.04 -0.11 0.01 1.90 5.13 -0.04 6.33 5.72 0.02 5.13 5.66 6.34 6.34 5.71 19.10 5.13 5.66 6.33 5.15 5.72 16.80 5.76 6.34 5.15 18.90 5.66 17.70 5.68 5.74 0.00 5.15 16.94 16.60 5.68 -0.02 5.75 0.20 17.88 -0.04 -0.14 5.68 17.18 4.20 -0.0214.50 -0.18 3.91 -0.58 4.18 3.13 14.80 3.90 3.41 -0.30 4.19 3.11 4.18 3.91 12.90 3.40 3.91 4.19 5.64 3.12 11.00 3.11 3.92 4.19 12.80 3.41 10.50 3.39 5.62 3.11 3.92 0.01 11.28 -0.0114.00 3.41 3.11 0.10 10.46 5.63 -0.28 5.62 3.40 0.01 14.09 4.86 11.06 5.64 0.04 0.01 3.88 -0.09 5.63 4.86 11.09 5.29 3.86 0.00 4.54 -0.03 4.86 5.30 4.88 3.87 3.90 4.52 4.86 4.67 5.30 3.90 5.31 4.87 4.53 4.67 4.52 -0.01 3.90 5.32 -0.03 4.52 5.32 4.67 4.68 -0.02 4.52 4.68 0.01 4.68 -0.01 Meter Ref. Differ. 1 2 Mean 1 2 Mean Differ. (x)(y) (x) (y) (y) (x) Average (x)(y) ○○○○○○○○○○○○ SECTION 11 APPENDIX 4 - STATISTICAL ANALYSIS O ARM TEST RESULTS: NUMERICAL EXAMPLES 1. Example data and meter 1 and calculations, (milk fat)

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ !

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 !! 2 2 = (p=0.001) ) 518 . 815 0 . − ) 12 2 = 2 x 2 ) 155 . yy x xx ) ( x S S xy 689 xy ( – ny – . 702 – nx xx 2 2 2 2 xx S xy S( S - 2 155 689 S y x xy – nxy – xy ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 27 - . . S ( n Σ Σ Σ yy 27 44 S y 702 = = 7928.534 – 44*(12.815) = 702.155 = = 5.466 – 44*(0.178) = 4.076 = = 127.905 – 44 * 12.815 * 0.178 = -0.328 + 0.039x = 0.267 kg = 2.08% of mean yield (pass) = 27.689 076 . ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices 4 178 ias D . xx yy xy ○○○○○○ B 0 S r = _ S __ S minimum = 6.4bias = 0.082 (pass) maximum = 21.2bias = 0.501 (fail) Bias and standard deviation for reproducibility Correlation is significant, so calculate bias at x kg from n= 44 METER 2 MILK n= _ S Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Kg milk Meter samples Referencesamples 8.40 7.41 7.60 0.99 7.68 5.27 -0.08 6.40 5.27 5.22 6.32 5.27 5.24 0.08 5.23 5.23 8.50 5.24 5.37 5.24 8.37 5.36 9.10 5.24 5.24 0.13 5.37 9.26 0.04 5.24 5.35 4.83 -0.16 -0.01 5.33 4.84 9.50 4.95 7.60 5.34 4.84 4.95 9.54 7.68 4.81 0.03 4.95 -0.04 4.82 -0.08 4.97 4.51 4.82 4.97 4.51 4.68 8.40 4.66 0.02 4.97 4.51 7.90 8.52 4.67 -0.02 4.53 8.14 -0.12 4.53 4.66 -0.24 7.10 4.64 4.89 4.53 4.89 5.22 7.28 4.65 -0.02 5.21 -0.18 4.89 0.02 5.22 4.90 6.10 4.89 6.12 5.29 5.31 4.90 6.11 5.30 -0.01 6.08 -0.09 6.07 6.08 0.04 7.00 7.05 -0.05 5.35 5.31 5.33 5.26 5.25 5.26 0.08 12.70 14.80 12.62 14.54 0.08 12.30 0.26 12.28 4.26 13.00 4.23 5.07 0.02 11.10 12.75 5.05 4.25 11.10 4.54 0.25 5.06 19.40 4.53 4.24 0.00 15.20 18.67 4.24 5.08 4.65 4.54 19.50 15.24 5.10 4.65 5.64 0.73 4.24 18.99 5.61 4.52 -0.04 5.09 4.65 10.10 4.53 5.82 0.01 0.51 5.63 6.31 -0.03 10.04 5.81 4.70 4.53 6.30 11.60 4.70 5.60 4.11 0.06 5.82 10.20 11.86 5.61 4.10 0.01 6.31 4.70 10.30 5.77 5.13 -0.26 9.88 5.61 4.11 6.31 -0.05 10.24 5.79 5.12 6.31 4.45 0.32 4.17 0.02 5.78 5.13 0.06 4.43 12.40 4.17 6.31 5.16 13.10 12.32 5.09 4.41 0.04 4.44 -0.01 5.16 4.17 19.60 12.94 5.10 4.40 0.08 4.46 -0.07 12.60 19.05 5.16 5.10 0.16 4.41 4.46 12.33 4.94 5.15 0.55 4.94 4.41 4.90 0.03 4.46 5.13 0.27 16.00 4.41 4.91 4.27 -0.02 4.94 20.40 15.58 5.14 4.25 4.65 4.41 4.91 19.89 4.65 5.00 0.42 4.26 0.02 -0.01 18.90 5.00 4.91 0.51 4.65 20.30 18.62 4.90 4.30 5.03 5.00 16.10 19.74 4.29 5.03 4.68 4.37 0.28 4.91 -0.06 11.90 15.30 4.68 4.42 0.56 4.30 5.03 12.90 11.67 3.43 0.00 0.80 4.68 4.40 -0.04 13.0312.10 3.42 5.00 3.78 0.23 -0.03 21.20 12.01 4.99 3.76 4.48 3.96 -0.13 3.43 10.40 20.83 4.46 3.96 3.83 5.00 3.77 0.09 4.09 15.80 10.67 3.84 3.41 4.47 3.96 0.37 4.08 11.90 15.10 3.42 3.82 4.52 0.04 -0.27 3.84 -0.08 17.70 11.42 3.83 3.96 4.52 3.28 4.09 3.42 0.70 4.24 17.80 17.38 3.97 3.91 3.29 3.83 0.48 4.52 4.09 4.26 16.70 17.53 3.91 3.47 0.01 3.97 0.32 3.29 4.08 -0.06 14.20 16.44 3.48 4.56 4.58 4.25 3.91 0.27 -0.01 14.46 4.57 4.57 3.33 4.32 4.09 0.26 3.48 -0.08 4.28 12.00 3.31 4.33 3.58 -0.26 4.57 4.58 4.28 0.00 12.11 3.57 3.54 4.18 3.32 4.33 4.35 -0.05 3.55 4.19 4.62 -0.11 4.28 3.58 4.33 -0.04 4.61 4.39 -0.03 3.55 4.19 4.17 4.39 3.63 4.34 4.62 4.14 -0.07 3.63 4.21 4.39 4.38 -0.04 4.21 4.16 3.63 4.36 -0.07 4.21 4.15 -0.06 4.37 4.13 -0.03 -0.03 4.14 0.02 12.99 12.82 0.18 4.63 4.63 4.63 4.65 4.65 4.65 -0.01 Meter Ref. Differ. 1 2 Mean 1 2 Mean Differ. Average (x) (y) (x) (y)

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2. Example data and calculations, meter 2 (milk) (milk) 2 meter calculations, and data Example 2. !

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 !# 2 2 (P=0,01) 4 42 . 0 ) − 2 2 x 2 ) = xx ) yy x S 498 xy ( S . – ny – – nx 2 2 xy 2 2 xx xx xy 0 S( - S 2 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ S S y nxy – xy x - 688 ( S . n Σ Σ Σ yy 42 S 18 y = = 972.069 – 42 x (4.764) = 18.688 = = 0.087 – 42 x (-0.017) = 0.074 = = -3.953 – 42 x 4.764 x -0.017 = 0.498 = -0.017 + -0.498 (x-4.764)/18.688 = 0.110 – 0,027x = 0.039% fat (pass) 074 ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices . 0 ias D xx yy xy ○○○○○○ B S _ S __ S r= minimum = 3.34 bias = 0.021 (pass) maximum = 6.16 bias = -0.054 (fail) n= 42 2AT 3 METER n= _ S Bias and standard deviation for reproducibility Correlation is significant, so calculate bias at x kg from Section 11- Appendixes 1 2 Mean 1 2 Mean Differ. . Kg Kg milk Meter samples Reference samples ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 8.30 8.30 8.48 8.10 -0.18 4.98 8.13 4.98 -0.03 4.49 4.98 4.48 5.02 4.49 5.00 4.50 5.01 4.50 4.50 -0.03 -0.02 9.20 9.23 9.50 -0.03 4.34 9.47 9.40 4.31 0.03 9.46 9.60 4.33 5.30 5.32 -0.06 5.11 9.65 4.33 5.10 4.33 5.31 -0.05 4.44 5.11 4.42 5.33 4.33 5.31 5.01 4.43 5.01 -0.01 5.32 4.35 5.01 4.34 -0.01 7.60 4.35 7.78 7.10 0.10 -0.18 5.16 6.99 9.70 0.09 5.14 0.11 9.70 8.40 5.15 5.93 5.92 0.00 8.44 5.30 5.23 5.05 5.22 5.93 -0.04 5.04 4.57 5.35 4.57 5.96 5.23 5.05 -0.05 5.95 5.91 4.57 5.90 5.06 -0.08 5.96 5.05 4.59 5.91 4.59 5.06 -0.03 5.91 4.59 5.91 -0.01 5.91 -0.02 -0.01 8.70 8.61 0.09 4.89 4.90 4.90 4.97 4.96 4.97 -0.07 7.40 7.40 8.50 0.00 8.56 5.51 5.51 -0.06 4.56 7.20 4.55 5.51 7.28 4.56 5.50 -0.08 5.49 4.53 4.58 4.53 4.59 5.50 4.53 4.59 4.57 0.02 4.56 -0.03 4.57 -0.04 11.70 11.75 -0.05 4.75 4.74 4.75 4.77 4.76 4.76 -0.02 10.10 10.10 10.44 10.60 -0.34 4.04 10.46 4.02 11.90 0.14 11.97 4.03 6.17 18.80 6.15 -0.07 4.10 18.70 4.04 4.09 4.03 15.00 6.16 0.10 15.37 4.10 5.12 6.24 4.04 16.10 -0.37 5.13 6.25 4.43 16.35 4.08 4.42 4.06 5.13 -0.25 -0.01 6.25 4.96 4.43 4.94 5.13 4.07 5.15 -0.09 4.47 4.95 4.45 5.14 0.03 4.97 4.46 4.96 -0.02 4.97 12.50 -0.04 12.49 14.80 -0.02 0.01 14.84 3.86 18.60 3.84 -0.04 5.86 19.00 5.85 3.85 11.80 -0.40 3.54 11.83 5.86 3.55 3.81 -0.03 3.82 4.56 5.97 3.55 4.54 5.95 3.82 3.48 4.55 5.96 3.51 4.54 0.04 3.50 4.54 -0.11 4.54 0.05 14.80 14.83 0.01 14.80 -0.03 4.27 14.97 4.25 10.40 -0.17 4.75 10.55 4.26 4.72 14.30 -0.15 4.42 14.34 4.29 4.74 4.41 4.29 14.00 -0.04 5.60 13.85 4.85 4.42 5.59 4.29 4.85 14.40 0.15 14.13 4.47 5.60 4.78 4.85 4.48 4.77 -0.03 0.27 5.63 5.87 4.48 5.62 11.10 4.78 5.85 -0.12 11.36 4.80 5.63 13.20 5.86 -0.26 -0.06 4.80 4.71 13.19 4.72 5.90 11.50 -0.03 4.80 5.89 0.01 11.53 4.72 4.67 14.00 4.68 -0.03 5.90 4.87 14.23 -0.03 4.72 4.87 4.73 4.68 13.30 -0.23 3.34 -0.04 13.18 4.87 3.34 4.66 4.73 12.40 4.66 0.12 12.30 4.84 3.34 4.15 4.84 4.15 -0.01 4.66 0.10 3.33 4.11 4.84 3.32 4.15 4.10 0.02 3.33 4.15 10.50 4.11 4.15 10.58 0.03 4.14 -0.08 4.15 4.13 4.54 0.02 4.54 18.90 4.14 18.72 4.54 0.00 16.10 0.18 16.38 -0.03 4.56 5.19 4.57 13.20 -0.28 5.19 4.73 13.09 4.72 4.57 10.10 5.19 0.11 10.21 4.73 3.72 5.25 3.73 -0.11 -0.03 5.26 4.40 4.77 4.40 4.77 3.73 5.26 4.40 3.74 4.77 3.74 -0.07 4.41 4.43 -0.05 3.74 4.42 -0.02 -0.02 Meter Ref. Differ Average (x) (y) (x) (y) ○○○○○○○○○○○○

3. 3. Example data meter and 3 calculations, (fat)

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A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 !% ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

○○○○○○○○○○○○

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ !$

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 !' - - 10 cm 20 cm - 5 cm 20 cm 40 cm the sample-taking equipment needs to be easy accessible; don’t place any equipment and/or pipes in front of the equip­ment. milk meter or the sample-taking The display and the milk meter are con­nected as logical unit. More­over the dis­play will be placed as much as possi­ble above the cor­responding meter. The milk meter and the display are both com­pleted with a clear num­bering. installation according to drawing 1; the sample-taking equipment needs to be easy acces­sible; the sample-taking equipment has to be installed at minimal 20 cm hei­ght (dis­tance R1) from bottom to the floor. installation according to drawing 2; the standards for the distances R1, R2 and R3 are as follows: ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Distance R1 R2 R3 R4 Minimum Maximum • • • • control the and acces­sibility the place this On edge. pit the near meter the install to is advice The on the function­ing of the meter du­ring mil­king are op­timally gua­ran­teed. • • • the under installed be can meter the edge, pit the near meter the install to possible not is it case In pit edge ac­cording to the following conditions. • • ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ 4. In all situations a good light in the milk­ing parlor is recommended. SECTION 11 APPENDIX 5 - CONDITIONS OR ASSEMBLING O ELECTRONIC MILK METERS guarantee a To good control and functioning of the electronic and milk also meter, on behalf of the periodical maintenance, it is recommended that the electronic milk meters have to be installed in accordance with the following conditions. 1. Place of the display 2. Installation of the meter near the pit edge 3. Installation of the meter under the pit edge. Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

○○○○○○○○○○○○

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ !&

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 "

approval

+ + July 1990 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ = not availbable availbable not = ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices Checking Meter Checking Afikim ($ullflow) Boumatic M+ Dairy Manager $lomaster 2000/Alpro $lomaster Pro 100 JM Meter Milk Level Periodic Manuflow-2 + 2 Meltec/Memolac + Metatron + II MK Milko-Scope 2000) 2000 (Combina MR Hints HI + + + Tru-Test Proportional + + meters (provisional) + of Milk Date + + + Waikato MK 5 + 1990 November - + March 1992 Jars (P) September 1991 - - + + + - = available - Auto Sampler + + (P) 1992 July + 1992 1988 November September 1990 November (P) 1994 August April1990 (P) 1995 November 1991 July $ + - HI $ast Empty inflask sampling 1992 July 1990 July May 1993 (P) July 1992 (P) - 1994 (P) November ○○○○○○ SECTION 11 ARMER APPENDIX 6 - AND PERIODIC CHECKING O (PROVISIONAL) APPROVED TAKER METERS AND HINTS OR THE SAMPLE Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

○○○○○○○○○○○○

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ "

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 "! ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ If the first measuring value deviates 0.1 kg from the reference value: meter = correct. If the first measuring value deviates more than 0.1 kg from second the measuring. reference value, proceed to a If duplicate measuring have an average deviation of 0.2 kg or less from the reference value: meter = correct. The difference between duplicate measuring should not be bigger than 0.1 kg. be should water with procedure testing the standard, this to up come not do measuring the When repeated after checking the equipment, which may include, among other things, straightening up, and if necessary, dismantling of the meter. If it is still impossible to come up to this standard, the meter should be recalibrated/adjusted or replaced. When meters are replaced or when repairs influence the measuring, the meters are to be tested during the milking, after which the testing procedure with water should be carried out twice. This water test will then serve as “reference value”. Check the sampling equipment for cleanness and parts. See to it that the sampling equipment is stored in a dry place, free from dust. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices • ○○○○○○ Quality of the observations/measurings • • · • Deviating meters • • Replacement or repair of meters • • Reporting the results The results of the periodic checking of the milk meters, as well as interim changes and the checks the to farmer, the to others concerned, among those to reported be will changes these with go that main supplier and to the national milk recording organization. Sampling equipment • • Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ - Manuflow - - Sureflow - Afikim/Combina The “reference is the average of two measuring with milk meter value” of the “Afikim/$ullflow” found during the testing water, procedure with water of the installation test or a reference value determined later. When proceeding to periodic checking, the reference values are handed over for support. A $ullwood sucking set: -- pipe with a rubber cap and sucking opening of 3.5 mm. Sucking Electronic weigh-beam/Basle. Air inlet of 1 mm. Some buckets of sufficient capacity. Some receivers for the collecting of testing liquid. Thermometer. with a temperatureWater of 20 C 5 +/- C. Addition of 60 grams of salt per 20 kg of water. $ill a bucket with at least 15 kg of testing liquid. Suck a quantity of testing liquid till 12 kg is shown at the display. The flowed - and collected quantity of water will be weighed. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.1 - “AIKIM” MILK METER also called$ullflow - “A0IKIM” MILK METER PERIODIC CHECKING O0 THE $requency of periodic checking at least once in 12 months. General properly. arecleaned that procedure carriedmeters testing be milk The should with water out with Reference value • • Required equipment • • • • • Testing liquid • • The principle of the test • • •

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A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 "# ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ the display of the meter should always be at zero before starting to milk another cow; after the cow is off, the sample taker must observe a waiting time before reading off the display and before removing the sample bottles; this waiting time (± 30 seconds) is necessary because of the presence of foam in the foam chan­ges meter into milk -; - when removing the filled sample bottles, a well-emptied sample bot­tle simultaneously; should be put in then turn over the sample bottle several times, transfuse the milk in the mixture bowl and take a sample by means of the sample spoon; it is to be recommended to use a draining rack for good emptying of bowls and bottles; is It recording. milk the during farm the on extra bottles sample some are there that desirable, is it strongly advised not to use bot­tles with colored glass. two types of the meter are avail­able, i.e. with a standard panel or with an information panel (see above); on the standard panel, the middle switch “Continue Counting” is a switch to milk of quantity continue measured the case, a the such In off. kicked same is set milking a when used is and count­ing remains on the display and will be added to the measured quantity after replacement of the teat cups; at farms where milk meters with the retain information orderto in off, panels kicked is set milking are the when installed, other, afterthe one one shortly twice, but­ton” should press the “start milk quantity that is already measured; after taking the meter reading, the meter should be set at zero again. In case of a standard panel information the of case In simultaneously. pressed be must “Start” and “CR” switches outer two the panel, the “start” and “take off” keys (above the start key) should be pressed simultaneously. the farmer removes the bottles and the sample equipment for a careful cleaning by hand; store the sample equipment and bottles on a dry place, free from dust. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Taking the sample the Taking • • • • • • • The operation panel • • • • After sampling • basis! regular a on • acids with equipment your rinse do #armer, Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ the air inlet in the milk claw is opened; the air inlet of meter is cleaned and opened (blockage causes a delayed operation valve, extra foam formation and deviations in measuring quantities and con­tents). The air inlet of the the milk meter in top of milk meters) or in the housing of meter is on the cover (older types of the bypass canal (new type); the meter and the sampling equip­ment are suspended upright; the sampling equipment is placed in such a that manner, the arrows on the sampling equipment point in the direction of the milk flow; too a to leads matter this in (Uncarefulness residues. water no contains sampling for equipment all low indica­tion of percentages, espe­cial­ly where the first range of cows is concerned). • ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Before sampling See to it that: • · Hints for Hints the sample taker and the farmer for by correct sampling means of Afikim: • • •

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ""

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 "% + Note: Note: insert figure ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The difference between duplicate measuring should not be bigger than 0.1 kg. rectified. are faults simple possible where and check visual a to subjected are meters deviating The kg 12.5 are found are that values the If out. carried are meter per measuring two check, this After +/- 0.2 kg, the meters are accepted. Of course, the duplicate values may not differ more than 0.1 kg. Meters, which do not come up to these fixed standards, should be corrected or replaced. Check the sampling equipment for cleanness and parts. See to it that the sampling equipment is stored in a dry place, free from dust. Avoid direct sunlight. the air inlet in the milk claw or teat cups is opened; the air inlet in the lid is opened (blockage delays the milk drainage); the sample test equipment - the Orion - is installed cor­rectly; the equipment for the sample concerned). test is cows of range contains first the where no especially percentages, of water indication low too a residues. to leads (Uncar­efulness in this matter the display of the meter should always be at zero before starting to milk another cow; as soon the cow is connected and milk yield passes 1.5 kg, rotor starts display counts; ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ • Deviating meters • • Replacement or repair of meters When meters are replaced or when repairs influence the measuring, the meters are to be tested during the milking, after which the testing procedure with water should be carried out twice. Reporting the results The results of the periodic checking of the milk meters, as well as interim changes and the checks the to farmer, the to others concerned, among those to reported be will changes these with go that main supplier and to the national milk recording organization. Sampling equipment • • M Matic Bou of means by • sampling correct for farmer the and sample-taker the for Hints Before sampling See to it that: • • • • sample the Taking • • Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The testing procedure with water should be carried out with milk meters that are cleaned properly. cleaned are that meters milk with out carried be should water procedure with testing The purpose. this for meant especially fat, test water of coat thin a with rotor the of bottom the Grease A Bou-Matic sucking set: -- with flow restriction Tube with a sucking opening of 4.1 mm. Electronic weigh-beam/bascule. Air inlet of 2.5 mm. Some buckets of sufficient capacity. Some receivers for collecting testing liquid. Thermometer. with a temperatureWater of 20 C 2 +/- C. No addition of salt or acids. Suck at least 12 kg of testing liquid. Read the display value. The display value has to be 12.5 kgs +/- 0.2 kg. If the fist measuring lies within the area between 12.4 and 12.6 kg: meter = correct. 12.7 kg, a second measuring should be car­ried out. If the first measuring gives a value of 12.3 or $or acceptance, the values have to lie within the area between 12.3 and 12.7 kg. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.2 - “BOU-MATIC M+” MILK METER METER MILK M+” “BOU-MATIC THE O0 CHECKING PERIODIC requency of periodic checking at least once in 12 months General • • Reference value “reference a of instead kg) 0.2 +/- kg; 12.5 used standardis fixed a meter, milk Bou-Matic the $or value”. when Moreover, proceeding to periodic checking, results of former checks are handed over for support. Required equipment • • • • • Testing liquid • • of The principle the test • • • Quality of the observations/measuring • •

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ "$

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 "' the dis­play. - In case of a fish-bone milking stud, close the exit fences. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The “reference value” of the “Dairy Manager” milk meter is the average of the differences between differences the of average the is meter milk Manager” “Dairy the of value” “reference The the display-value and the value indicated by the weigh-beam/bascule, recorded during the water test of the installation test, or a reference value which is deter­mined subsequently. When carrying out the periodic checks, the reference values are handed over for support. A Surge sucking set: -- with flow restriction Tube with a sucking opening of 5 mm. Electronic weigh-beam/bascule. mm. 1 of inlet Air Some buckets of sufficient capacity. Some receivers for collecting the testing liquid. Thermometer. C. 5 +/- C 15 of temperature a with Water No addition of salt or acids. -- Put the left switch in the “wash off”-position. - Put the right switch in the “DHIA-on”-position. at areshown number serial nor yield milk neither that so meter, milk the on button the Press ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.3 - “DAIRY MANAGER” MILK METER PERIODIC CHECKING O0 THE “DAIRY MANAGER” MILK METER requency of periodic checking at least once in 12 months. General properly. arecleaned that meters milk with procedurecarried out testing be The should water with Reference value • • Required equipment • • • • • Testing liquid • • of The principle the test a Milk meters with a meter control mode. b Milk meters linked with milking stud operation panels of Surge Euro Line or Nedap-Poiesz: Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ cow is off and the milk meter is so totally also empty, the last 1.5 kg; when the cluster is kicked off by the cow, and replaced by the milkier within 30 seconds, the obtained quantity of milk will be added tot the measured quantity after replacement (press the button Manual); needed is time This time. waiting seconds’ 30 a observe must taker sample the off, is cow the after to enable the meter to drain the remaining 1.5 kg of milk. has tube sample The holder. tube the in movement pushing and turning a with tube sample the Place to be hold a little slant. Keep to the following procedure for the sample taking: 1. turn the sample cock in milking 2.position; the milk in sample tube, until check during milking whether the equipment separates 3. when the milk meter is 4.totally empty, turn the sample cock 180° in drain position; remove the sample tube of the equipment; 5. turn the top on the sample tube and 6.shake it at least 5 seconds to mix the milk; the sample Take for caliber 7.analyzing; Place the second sample tube in the holder; 8. turn the sample cock again 180° in milking position. equip­ment. milking the of procedure cleaning normal the during cleaned is equipment test sample the store the sample test equipment till the following sample test on a dry place, free from dust. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

• • • equipment sampling the of use for Directions a) b) Important Take off the drain-cock before removing the water residues. Also preformed nylon tube. remove the water out of the sampling After • basis! regular a on • acids with equipment your rinse do #armer,

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A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 # Names of the parts a)b) Aled (light emitting diode/signal lamp) c) display (milk yield and cow number d) push-button e) milk meter top f) sensor g) float h) glass i) valve j) sample pipe k) vacuum tube l) lower lid m) vacuum tap n) upper cove p) T-junction sample bottle q) sample tube v) support ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The results of the periodic checking of the milk meters, as well as interim changes and the checks that go with these changes will be reported to those concerned, among others to to the farmer, the main supplier and to the national milk7. form. measuring the on recorded be to is sensor-value new the changed, is sensor-value the When Check the sampling equipment for cleanness and parts. See to it that the sampling equipment is stored in a dry place, free from dust. switch the milk meter control mode in O$$”-the “WASH and “DHIA ON”- position or type this on your key­board if the milk meters are lin­ked to a Surge Euroline computer; see to it that the air inlet in the claw is opened; ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices #ront view Side view ○○○○○○ Reporting the results • • Sampling equipment • • Manager Dairy of means by sam­pling correct for farmer the and sample-taker the for Hints Preparation for sampling • • Section 11- Appendixes + 12 + to 13 kg of testing liquid. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ the receiver!). at the display. until the question “COW?” appears on the screen. appears on lower the right milking and operation wait panel. until “DHIA” the display. -shown longer no is yield milk the that so again, once button the press measuring, second a At -- Calculate the difference between the display-value and the sucked quantity of testing liquid. Switch the meters into the original position. If the first measuring value deviates 0.1 kg from the reference value: meter = correct. If the first measuring value deviates more than 0.1 kg from second the measuring. reference value, proceed to a If duplicate measuring have an average deviation of less than 0.2 kg meter from = correct. the reference value: The difference between duplicate measuring should not be bigger than 0.2 kg. When meters are replaced or when repairs influence the measuring, the meters are to be tested during the milking, after which the testing procedure with water should be carried out twice. This water test will then serve as “reference value”. -- Suck at least 9 though kg not of moreliquid through the than meter, 9.9 kg at the display. - Block the sucking tube - with closed valve - when reaching this quantity. - the milk meter reading. Take - the quantity of Weigh testing liquid in the receiver. Press the button on the milk meter and let the remaining testing liquid flow away (not into - In case of an open tandem stud, cover the electronic eye for by, example, a cloth and wait -left, lower right, upper left, upper keys: of sequence position; checking the in meters the Put -at areshown number serial nor yield milk neither that so meter, milk the on button the Press - $ill a bucket with ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Quality Quality of the observations/measuring • • • • Deviating meters When the measuring do not come up to this standard, the testing procedure should be repeated after If checking it and, is if necessary, still dismantling impossible of to the meter. come up to this standard, the meter should be recalibrated/adjusted or replaced. Replacement or repair of meters • •

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 #! ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The testing procedure with water should be carried out with milk meters that are cleaned properly. cleaned are that meters milk with out carried be should water procedure with testing The BK-production series and newer versions for personal computers should and The equipment of BJ- be washed first with hot water of 45 C. An Alfa Laval sucking set: -- with a sucking pipe opening of 5 mm. Tube Electronic weigh-beam/bascule. Air inlet of 0.8 mm. Some buckets of sufficient capacity. Some receivers for the collecting of testing liquid. Thermometer. Normal tap water for series older than the BJ and BK-series. $rom the BJ- and BK-series onwards, water with a temperature of ± 37 C. No addition of salt or acids. $ill a bucket with ± 12 to 13 kg of testing liquid and determine the exact weight of it. on clip tube a of means by water of supply the stop and meter the through water of kg 10 ± Suck the sucking tube. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.4 - “LOMASTER 2000/ALPRO LOMASTER PRO” MILK METER PERIODIC CHECKING O0 THE “0LOMASTER 2000/ ALPRO 0LOMASTER PRO” MILK METER requency of periodic checking at least once in 12 months. General • • Reference value $or the $lomaster 2000, no specific “reference value” is used, but there is a standard deviation of meter, each for weigh-beam/bascule the by indicated value the and display-value the between kg 0.2 at the moment of measuring. Moreover, when proceeding to periodic checking, results of former checks will by handed over for support. Required equipment • • • • • Testing liquid • • • of The principle the test • • Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ make sure that all equipment is clean and that it contains no water residues. (Uncarefulness in this in (Uncarefulness residues. water no contains it that and clean is equipment all that sure make matter leads to a too low indicati­on of percenta­ges, es­pecially where the first range of cows is concerned). take the vacuum tube from (J) the sample pipe (I); put the upper cover (M) on the sample pipe (I) en check if the upper cap fits well on the lower lid (K); (origi­nal position of the sampling part); (I); pipe sample the on (Q) tube sample the press and (V) support the into (M) cover upper the put (new position of the sampling part); attach the vacuum tube (J) to the vacuum tap (L). The handle of the tap should point upwards; (P) bottle sample the vacuum, under set is installation the and started has pump vacuum the after can be pres­sed into the upper cover (M). the display of the meter should always be at zero before starting to milk another cow; when the cow has finished milking, press the push-button (C) for the last dump; wait for approximately 3 seconds until the valve (H) falls back in its original position; take the meter reading of the milk yield from the display (B); turn the handle of the vacuum tap (L) a quarter turn to the right; take out the sample bottle (P) and empty it in the mixture bowl. Trans­fuse the milk 3 times and take a sample by means of the sample spoon; press the push-button (C) once again, so that the display (B) skips to zero; open the vacuum tap (L) again; press the sample bottle (P) again into the upper cover (M); sampling the of position (original (K); lid lower the upon well fits (M) cover upper the that care take part); it is recommended to hold several sample bottles in reserve; place the used sample bottles upside down to leak. on the sample pipe (I); replace the tube (J) a on them store and properly (P) bottle sample and (L) tap vacuum the (M), cover upper the clean dry place, free of dust. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

• Connecting the sampling equipment • • • • • sample the Taking • • • • • • • • • • • • sampling After • basis! • regular a on acids with equipment your rinse do #armer,

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 ## ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ make sure that the air inlet in the milk claw is opened; disinfect the sample equipment in a cleansing solution; take the plug of rubber out of the meter; place the sample equipment in the meter; the of joggle the over clamp spring the pull and meter the on cover, provideda bowl, with the push housing; open the sampling cock; make sure that all equipment for sampling contains no water residu­es. (Un­carefulness matter in leads to this a too low indica­tion of percentages, especially where the first range of cows is concerned). the display of the meter should always be at zero before starting to milk another cow; square a is there if check off, taken been has cluster the and milking finished has cow the as soon as before the quantity-indication on the If display. so, press the $4 button for the last dump; ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Hints Hints for the sample taker and the farmer for correct sampling by means of #lomaster 2000 / Alpro #loMaster Pro Before sampling • • • • • • • sample the Taking • • Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Let the water before the tube clip flow back into the bucket and empty the milk tube behind the tube the behind tube milk the empty and bucket the into back flow clip tube the before water the Let clip in the meter. Press the button $5, then press Send and wait till (C). Read the display and weigh the bucket with the remaining water. Calculate the difference between the display-value and the sucked quantity of testing liquid. of quantity sucked the is (this value reference the from kg 0.1 deviates value measuring first the If water): meter = correct. If the first measuring value deviates more than 0.1 kg from second the measuring. reference value, proceed to a If duplicate measuring have an average deviation of 0.2 kg meter = correct. or less from the reference value: When meters are replaced or when repairs influence the measuring, the meters are to be tested during the milking, after which the testing procedure with water should be carried out twice. The standard, with which the meter is has described to before.comply, Check the sampling equipment for cleanness and parts. See to it that the sampling equipment is stored in a dry place, free from dust. • ○○○○○○○○○○○○

• • • · Quality Quality of the observations/measuring • • • Deviating meters When the measuring do not come up to this standard, the testing procedure should be repeated after If checking it and, is if necessary, still dismantling impossible of to the meter. come up to this standard, the meter should be recalibrated/adjusted or replaced. Replacement or repair of meters • • results the of Reporting The results of the periodic farmer, the checking to others of among concerned, those the to reported be milk will changes meters, these with go as that checks well as the interim changes and the to the main supplier and to the national milk recording organization. Sampling equipment • •

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 #% c. JM 100, Alfa Display System milking, sampling and cleaning functions. The JM 100, Super Servo has no digital reading-off. digital no has Servo Super 100, JM The functions. cleaning and sampling milking, with a display panel for digital reproduction of the measured milk quantity. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ In practice, the JM milk meter is used in three different situations. a. 100 is linked with the control panel for 100, Super Servo; the basic equipment. The JM JM b. 100, Alfa display: JM digital reading-off. The control panel for the various functions is linked c.for mm 0.85 of airinlet an be to has there installed, is meter milk 100 JM a JM where situations all 100, In Alfa Display system. The digital reading-off is connected with a computer system. obtaining the right contents. No No specific sucking set. A milk tube is used for sucking the water. The outlet tube from the meter to the receiver must be provided with a tube clip, with which the outlet can be slowed down. Electronic weigh-beam/bascule. Some receivers for collecting testing liquid. Some buckets of sufficient capacity. Thermometer. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.5 - JM 100" MILK METER PERIODIC CHECKING O0 THE “JM 100” MILK MET­ER requency of periodic checking at least once in 12 months. General • • of 100, Super a Servo” checking Periodic “JM Periodic checking is the same as used for jars. Periodic checking b. JM 100, Alfa Display Reference Reference value 100 milk meters. Instead of a “reference value”, fixed standard (9.7 - 10.1 kg) is used for all JM support. for over handed are checks former of results checking, periodic to proceeding when Moreover, Required equipment • • • • • • • Section 11- Appendixes appears befo­re the quantity-indication on the display, the quantity can be [ ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ rinse your equipment with acids on a regular basis! regular a on acids with equipment your rinse

as soon as the sign read off; turn off the cock on the sample bowl cover; change the bowl for an empty one and turn open cock on cover again; transfuse the sample 3 times by means of a mixture bowl; directly after doing so, the sample should be taken; place the bottles upside down to leak. remove the sampling equipment and clean this carefully by hand in a cleansing- and solu­tion (Alfa 1 or Alfablink); disinfecting store the sampling equipment on a dry place, free from dust. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

• • • • • • sampling After • • #armer, do

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 #' ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The testing procedure with water should be carried out with milk meters that are cleaned properly. cleaned are that meters milk with out carried be should water procedure with testing The $irst, flush the jars with water with a temperature of ± 40 C. No specific sucking set. jar, the in milk inflowing the on depending Sometimes, used. is tube milk a water, the up $orsucking a narrowing (restriction) is placed in the milk tube. Electronic weigh-beam/bascule. Some buckets of sufficient capacity. Thermometer. with Water a temperature of 38.5 C +/- 1.5 C. No addition of salt or acids. Suck 9.7 kg of testing liquid. Read the display value. The display value has to be between 9.8 and 10.2 kg (10.0 kg +/- 0.2 kg). If the result of the first measuring lies in the area between 9.9 and 10.1 kg: meter = correct. If the first measuring gives a value of 9.8 or 10.2 kg, a second measuring should be carried out. If both measuring give values that lie in the area between 9.8 and 10.2 kg: meter = correct. The difference between duplicate mea­suring should not be bigger than 0.1 kg. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.6 “L­VEL” MILK METER (NEDAP) PERIODIC CHECKING O0 THE “LEVEL” MILK METER (NEDAP) requency of periodic checking at least once in 12 months. General • • Reference value $or all “Nedap Nivo” milk meters a fixed standard is used (9.8 - 10.2 kgs) instead of a “reference proceedingwhen to periodic checking, results of formerarechecks over More­over, handed value”. for support. Required equipment • • • • • Testing liquid • • of The principle the test • • • Quality of the observations/measuring • • • Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Water with a temperatureWater of 20 C 5 +/- C. No addition of salt or acids. $ill the jar with ± 15 kg of testing liquid. Empty the jar by means of the JM 100 pump till 10 kg is shown on the display quantity of and testing liquid collect in the this receiver. This quantity of testing liquid is weighed and should be between 9.7 and 10.1 kg. If the first measured value lies within the area between 9.8 and 10.0 kg: meter = correct. If the first measuring has a value of 9.7 or 10.1 kg, a second measuring should be carried out. If both measuring give values within the area between 9.7 and 10.1 kg: meter = correct. The difference between duplicate measuring should not be bigger than 0.2 kg. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Testing Testing liquid • • of The principle the test • • • Quality of the observations/measuring • • • Deviating meters Meters that do not come up to the standard of 9.7 - 10.1 kg should be tested with water checking after and, if necessary, dismantling of the meter. If it is standard, then the meter still should be replaced. impossible to come up to this Replacement or repair of meters New meters have to be tested during milking, after which the water twice. test should be carried out Reporting the results The results of the periodic checking of the milk meters, as well as interim changes and the checks the to farmer, the to others among concerned, those reportedto be will changes these with go that main supplier and to the national milk recording organization. Sampling equipment Check the sampling equipment for cleanness and parts.

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 $ ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ A Manus test set, consisting of: -- Calibrated test pipe for a flow rate of 3.5 kg/min +- 0.4 kg/min at 42 kPa Electronic scale indicating every 10 Air bleed of 6 l/min. grams Clamp to stop the water flow Bucket of for sufficient water, capacity, approx. 15 liters. Milk bucket including a lid with proper hose connection to connect milk meter bucket. Should be the same as normally used tube; 19 mm Tube internalmax. length diameter, 650 mm. Normalno specific tap temperature water, and no additional salt or acid. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.7 - “MANULOW 2” MILK METER METER MILK 2 MANU0LOW THE O0 CHECKING PERIODIC requency of periodic checking at least once in 6 months. General properly. arecleaned that meters milk with procedurecarried out testing be The should water with Reference value Program Service the in value the is meter milk 2 Manuflow the of value) (“test” value reference The calculated by software in connection with calibration. The “Test” value is the average amount of water in grams measured by the milk meter “dump” during per water test. each This value is however not used during the test. A standard deviation 0.2 of kg +- between display- checking, periodic to proceeding When used. is meter the through passed water measured and value results from former checks will be handed over for support. Required equipment • • • • • • Testing liquid • Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Check the sampling equipment for cleanness and parts. See to it that the sampling equipment is stored in a dry place, free from dust. Avoid direct sunlight. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Deviating Deviating meters The deviating meters are subjected to a visual check and where possible simple faults are rectified. After this check, two measuring per meter are carried out. If the values that are found lie between than more differ not may values duplicate the course, Of accepted. are meters the 10.2, and kg 9.8 0.1 kg. Replacement or repair of meters Meters that do not come up to the stan­dard of 9.8 - 10.2 kgs should be corrected or replaced. When meters are replaced or when repairs influence the measuring, the meters are to be tested during the milking, after which the testing procedure with water should be carried out twice. Reporting the results The results of the periodic checking of the milk meters, as well as interim changes and the checks the to farmer, the to others among concerned, those reportedto be will changes these with go that main supplier and to the national milk recording organization. Sampling equipment • • •

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 $! Note: Insert Figure ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Check the sampling equipment for cleanness and parts. See to it that the sampling equipment is stored in a dry place, free from dust. make sure that the air inlet in the milk claw and milk meter is opened; disinfect the sample equipment in a cleaning solution; remove the rubber plug from the sampler ring; attach the sampler to the meter (see pic­ture); connect vacuum supply to the sample taker; make sure that all equipment for sampling contains no water residues. the display of the meter should always be at zero when the milking is started; after manual or auto-take off read the display and remove the sample bottle and replace it with a one; new transfuse the sample three times by means of a mixture ­bowl and take at once the sample; place the empty sample bottle upside down to drain off. remove the sample equipment and disassemble the sampler adapter and clean all pieces carefully by hand in a cleansing- and disinfecting solution; store the sampling equip­ment in a dry and dust free place; ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Sampling equipment 2 • Manuflow of means by sampling • correct for farmer the and taker sample the for Hints Before sampling • • • • • • sample the Taking • • • • After sampling • basis! regular a on acids • with equipment your rinse do #armer, < < +/- 0.2 kg from the reference value: Section 11- Appendixes “Cow-cal.-key” - $-key “Temp-data-key” - $-key key” - $-key - key” < < 0.1 kg. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Open all gates (gate switch closed) Press: “Cow-data- meter = correct. Difference duplo´s the display will show “TEST00.00” Suck up approximately 10 liters of water Stop the water test when the display shows ~ 10 kg Measure the water which passed through the meter and compare it with the value of the display. The values should be within +- 200 grams. Repeat the procedure two times. If the first measuring value deviates +/- 0.1 kg from the reference value: meter = correct. If the first measuring value deviates more than 0.1 kg from second the measuring. reference value, proceed to a If duplicate measuring have an average deviation of ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Deviating Deviating meters When the measuring do not come up to this standard, the meter should be recalibrated and after needs meter the standard, the meet to impossible still is it If made. be should test water new a that service. Replacement or repair of meters calibrated. be should meters the measuring, the influence repairs when or replaced are meters When After calibration the good performance should be verified with a new water test. results the of Reporting The results supplier of main the the periodic farmer, the concerned,checking those to of reported be the will changes milk these with meters, go that as checks well as the interim changes and the and to the national milk recording organization. The principle of The principle the test Before you start the water test, please check: water flow rate is 3.5 kg/min (+- 0.4 kg/min) 42 kPa at vacuum level. The milk bucket and milk meter must be completely empty. • • • • • • • When within the limit, the water test is o.k. If not, make a calibration. Quality of the observations/measuring • • •

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ $

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 $# < < +/- 0.2 kg from the reference value: Note: Insert figure < < 0.1 kg. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ When meters are replaced or when repairs influence the measuring, the meters are to be tested during the milking, after which the testing procedure with water should be carried out twice. This water test will then serve as “reference value”. Check the sampling equipment for cleanness and parts. See to it that the sampling equipment is stored in a dry place, free from dust. meter = correct. Difference duplo’s If the first measuring value deviates +/- 0.1 kg from the reference value: meter = correct. If the first measuring value deviates more than 0.1 kg from second the measuring. reference value, proceed to a If duplicate measuring have an average deviation of ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Deviating Deviating meters When the measuring do not come up to this standard, the testing procedure should this to up come to impos­sible still is it be If repeated meter. the of dismantling necessary, if and, checking after standard, the meter should be recalibrated/ adjusted or replaced. Replacement or repair of meters • • results the of Reporting The results of the periodic farmer, the checking to others among of concerned, those the to reported be milk will changes meters, these with go as that checks well as the interim changes and the to the main supplier and to the national milk recording organization. Meltec of means by Sampling equipment sampling correct • for farmer the • and taker sample the for Hints Memolac 2 • Quality Quality of the observations/measuring • • • Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The “reference value” of the “Meltec” milk meter is the display average value and of weigh-beam-/bascule-value, found the dur­ing the dif­feren­ces testing proce­dure between with water of the installation test or a reference value deter­mined later. When proceeding to periodic checking, the reference values are handed over for support. A sucking set: with a sucking pipe rubber top and a sucking opening of 3.5 mm. Tube Air inlet of 1 mm. Electronic weigh-beam/bascule. Some buckets of sufficient capacity. Some receivers for the collecting of testing liquid. water;Tap temperature not critical No addition of salt or acids. $ill a bucket with ± 12 to 13 kg of testing liquid. Suck an amount of water through the meter till 10 kg on the display. the bucket with the remainingWeigh water. Calculate the difference between the display-value and the sucked quantity of testing liquid. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.8 - “MELTEC” MILK METER PERIODIC CHECKING O0 THE “MELTEC” MILK METER Also called Memolac 2 requence of periodic checking at least once in 9 mo­nths. General properly. arecleaned that procedure carriedmeters testing be milk The should with water out with Reference value • • Required equipment • • • • • • Testing liquid • • of The principle the test • • • •

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ $"

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 $% ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The testing procedure with water should be carried out with milk meters that are cleaned properly. cleaned are that meters milk with out carried be should water procedure with testing The At farms on which the improved version of sampling equipment is placed, water test must be carried out without a connected sample cup. with measuring more or two of average the is meter milk “Metatron” the of value” “reference The found water, during the water test of the installation test. When proceeding to periodic checking, reference values are handed over for support. A Westfalia Separator sucking set: -- with flow restriction Tube with a sucking opening of 2.8 mm. Electronic weigh-beam/bascule. Air inlet of 1.2 mm. Some buckets of sufficient capacity. Water; the temperature is not decisive. Addition of 40 cc CircoS$L per Top 10 kg of water. periodic the out carry also then equipment, sample connected with stipulated value reference the Is checking with the connected sample equipment. Use the start-stop-start button. When “stimopuls” appears on the dis­play, keep pressing the start-button until normal pulsation starts. Suck 10 kg of the test liquid through the meter. Read the display value. The test liquid is collected in a milk reservoir for recycling. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.9 - “METATRON” MILK METER PERIODIC CHECKING O0 THE “METATRON” MILK METER requency of periodic checking at least once in 12 months. General • • Reference value • • Required equipment • • • Test liquid • • of The principle the test • • • • • • Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ the air inlet in the milk claw is opened; and tight, too way;not right but the in fast aremeters the devices to test con­nected sample the the packing ring should be in­stalled properly; that there will be at least 2 reserve bottles (for good emptying); the sample bottle hangs free and in a vertical position; measuring the of direction the in milk­ing during downwards is device sample the of tap flushing the jug; the milk tube and the vacuum tube lead down to the sample cup; the equipment for sampling contains no water residues. (Uncarefulness in this mat­ter leads to a too low indica­tion of per­centages, espe­cial­ly where the first range of cows is concerned.) the display of the meter should always be at zero before starting to milk another cow; see to it that the milk of the first discharge arrives in the sam­pling bowl; as soon as the cow has finished milking, the valve of the measuring chamber display can be read off and the measuring cup can be is changed; open, then the spoon; sample a with sample the take and bowl mixture a of means by times 3 sample the transfuse (to prevent contamination) before the sample cup is well see to it that the sample cup is emp­tied placed again; disinfecting and cleaning- a in hand by carefully pieces all clean and equipment sampling the remove solution; sun direct avoid and dust from free place, dry a on stored is equip­ment sampling the that it to see light; keep the tap of the sampling equipment upwards (air supply). ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Before sampling See to it that: • • • • • • • sample the Taking • • • • sampling After • • basis! regular a on • acids with equipment your rinse do #armer,

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ $$

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 $' $ormer situation New situation ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ the air inlet in the milk claw is opened; and tight, too not but fast way;are right devices the test in sample meters the the to con­nected the packing ring should be in­stalled properly; (this is not applicable to new sample test parts); that there will be at least 2 reserve bottles (for good empty­ing); the sample bottle hangs free and in a vertical position; measuring the of direction the in milk­ing during downwards is device sample the of tap flushing the jug; the milk tube and the vacuum tube lead down to the sample cup; the equipment for sampling contains no water residues. (Uncarefulness in this matter leads to a too low indica­tion of per­centages, espe­cial­ly where the first range Espe­cially take of care of the flush-about tube of the new cows sam­pling part. is concerned.) the display of the meter should always be at zero before starting to milk another cow; see to it that the milk of the first discharge arrives in the sam­pling bowl; measuring the of valve the and on longer no is light red the milking, finished has cow the as soon as chamber is open, then the display can be read off and the measuring cup can be changed; the zero-position can be obtained through the stop-start-stop action; spoon; sample a with sample the take and bowl mixture a of means by times 3 sample the transfuse (to prevent contamination) before the sample cup is see to it that the sample cup is emp­tied well placed again; to have S 2 buttons the milking, during functions other of con­sultation for used is display the when be pushed in order to make the quantity of milk visible aga­in; ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Hints for Hints the taker sample and the farmer for by correct sampling means of Metatron Before sampling See to it that: • • • • • • • sample the Taking • • • • • • Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ If the first measuring value deviates 0.1 kg from the reference value: meter = correct. If the first measuring value deviates more than 0.1 kg from second the measuring. reference value, proceed to a If duplicate measuring have an average deviation of checking, periodic 0.2 the during standard this to up come kg not does meter a When meter = correct. or less from the reference value: proceed to a third or fourth measuring. When meters are replaced or when re­pairs influence the measuring, the meters are to be tested during the mil­king, after which the testing procedure with water should be carried out (at least three times). This water test will then serve as “refe­rence value”. The results of the periodic checking of the milk meters, as well as interim changes and the checks that go with these changes will be reported to those concerned, among others to to the farmer, the main supplier and to the national milk recording organization. form. measuring the on recorded be to is sensor-value new the changed, is sensor-value the When Check the sampling equipment for clean­ness and parts. See to it that the sampling equipment is stored in a dry place, free from dust. Avoid direct sunlight. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Quality Quality of the observations/measuring • • • Deviating meters When the measuring do not come up to this standard, the testing procedure with water should be repeated after checking and, if dismantling necessary, of If the it meter. is still impossible to come up to this standard, the meter should be recalibrated/adjusted or replaced. Replacement or repair of meters • • Reporting the results • • Sampling equipment • • •

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ $&

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 % ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ A sucking set: - with a sucking opening of 8 mm. - Tube Electronic No weigh-beam/bascule air inlet. Some buckets of sufficient capacity. Normal tap water Eventually addition of a little chlorine (in connection with infection) or Regularly refreshing the test water. Suck 10 kg of test liquid Read the display value (without use of a reading ring) The result of the measure tube should be 10.3 kg +/- 0.2 kg. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.10 - “MILKO-SCOPE MK II” METER MILK METER MILK II” MK “MILKO-SCOPE THE O0 CHECKING PERIODIC requency of periodic checking at least once in 12 months. General Besides measuring accuracy, also check on cleanliness, quality of rubber parts, functio­ning of clip mechanism (hanging crooked) and readability calibration. Reference value None; see below the principle of the test and quality of the observations/measuring. Required equipment • • • Testing liquid • • • The principle of the test and evaluation of the observations/measuring • • • Deviating meters When the measuring do not come up to this standard, the testing procedure should be repeated after checking and, if necessary, dismantling of the meter. If it is still impos­sible to come up to this standard, the meter should be recalibrated/adjusted or replaced. Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ if the cluster is kicked-off, push the RS-button to maintain the measured milk quantity. The stan­dard The quantity. milk measured the maintain to RS-button the push kicked-off, is cluster the if RS-time is 30 seconds. After the RS- time, the milk quantity recorded earlier will be gone. the cleaning of the sample device is done in the flushing position (turn 180 ) during cir­culating cleaning the of the milk in­stal­lation; normal one can also clean by hand in the washing ves­sel; the shut-off ring between the sample cup and the lid has to be cleaned by hand; sun direct avoid and dust from free place, dry a on stored is equip­ment sampling the that it to see light; keep the tap of sampling equip­ment upwards (air supply). ○○○○○○○○○○○○

• sampling After • • • basis! regular a on • acids with equipment your rinse do #armer,

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ %

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 %! ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The “reference value” of the “MR 2000” milk meter is the average of found during the water, the testing procedure two with water of the installation measuring test or a referencewith value that is determined later. When proceeding to periodic checking, reference values are handed over for support. A Gascoigne/Melotte sucking set: -- tube with a sucking opening of 4 mm. Sucking Electronic weigh-beam/bascule. mm. 1 of inlet Air Some buckets of sufficient capacity. Some receivers for the collecting of testing liquid. Thermometer. with a Water temperature of 20 C 5 +/- C. Addition of 60 grams of salt per 20 kgs of water. Suck 10 kg of testing liquid. Read the display value. If the first measuring value deviates 0.1 kg from the reference value: meter = correct. If the first measuring value deviates more than 0.1 kg from second the measuring. reference value, proceed to a ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.11 - “MR 2000” MILK METER PERIODIC CHECKING O0 THE “MR 2000” MILK METER Also called Combina 2000 requency of periodic checking at least once in 12 months. General properly. arecleaned that meters milk with procedurecarried out testing be The should water with Reference value • • Required equipment • • • • • Testing liquid • • of The principle the test • • Quality of the observations/measuring • • Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Replacement Replacement or repair of meters meters for applies also This deploying. before accuracy measuring on tested be to are meters new All from which the measuring spout is renewed during control. Reporting the results The results of the periodic checking of the milk meters, as well as interim changes and the checks the to farmer, the to others among concerned, those reportedto be will changes these with go that main supplier and to the national milk recording organization.

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ %

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 %# ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ the air inlet in the milk claw is opened; blockage, of case in correctly operate not does meter (the opened is cover meter the in inlet air the this will give deviating contents); the sampling device with bayonet joint is installed correctly while turning it to the left placement: dish is (correct turned away from the milk outlet); to leads matter this in (Uncar­efulness residues. water no contains sampling the for equipment the a too low in­dication of per­centages, especially where the first range of cows is concerned). position; middle the in be to has box reset the of side front the on switch the sample, a taking when cow; another milk to starting before hand, by zero at put be always should meter the of display the if the cow kicks off the cluster during milking and continue when counting it after is replacement. con­nected This is again, applicable the for meter both will automatic and manual even take when the cluster is already off, drawn up; after the cow is off, one should wait for the last dump (± 30 seconds); if the $-sign appears on the left side of the milk yield-indication on the display box, the quantity of milk can be read off and the sample bot­tles can be changed; the $-sign does not appear in cases where a control box (2 meters per box) is installed; ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Hints for the sample taker and MR 2000 the Combina 2000 farmer for correct sampling by means of Gascoigne/Melotte Before sampling See to it that: • • • • sample the Taking • • • • • • Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ If duplicate measuring have an average deviation of 0.2 kg meter = correct. or less from the reference value: The difference between duplicate measuring should not be bigger than 0.2 kg. When meters are replaced or when repairs influence the measuring, the meters are to be tested during the milking, after which the testing procedure with water should be carried out twice. This water test will then serve as “reference value”. The results of the periodic checking of the milk meters, as well as interim changes and the checks that go with these changes will be reported to those concerned, among others to to the farmer, the main supplier and to the national milkrecording organization. form. measuring the on recorded be to is sensor-value new the changed, is sensor-value the When Check the sampling equipment for cleanness and parts. See to it that the sampling equipment is stored in a dry place, free from dust. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

• • Deviating meters When the measuring do not come up to this standard, the testing procedure with water should be repeated after checking and, if dismantling necessary, of If the it meter. is still impossible to come up to this standard, the meter should be recalibrated/adjusted or replaced. Replacement or repair of meters • • Reporting the results • • Sampling equipment • •

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ %"

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 %% ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ A sucking set: -- with a sucking opening of 8 mm. Tube Electronic weigh-beam/bascule No air inlet. Some buckets of sufficient capacity. Normal tap water Eventually addition of a little chlorine (in connection with infection) or regularly refreshing the test water. Suck 10 kg of test liquid Read the display value (without use of a reading ring) The result of the measure tube should be 10.3 kg +/- 0.2 kg. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.12 - “TRU-TEST” MILK METERS PERIODIC CHECKING O0 THE “TRU-TEST” MILK METERS requency of periodic checking at least once in 12 months. General Besides measuring accuracy, also check on cleanliness, quality of rubber parts, functio­ning of clip mechanism (hanging crooked) and readability calibration. An official manufacturer’s approved “Tru-Test milk meter” test label is available for verification of MBL00006). This label is color coded for a specific year and Part Number the annual test (Tru-Test is placed on the milk meter body so that number of month test (e.g. March 3, November is number 11) is in the 12 o’clock position. In case of the $V milk meter, Auto Sampler milk meter ($V and sampler) and $ lubricate model the milk meter, wash and sample valve with food grade silicon RAW 00002). lubricant Part (Tru-Test Number equipment. dairy used commonly and water wash warm using meters milk Tru-Test of outside the Clean $inish the cleaning operation with a warm water rinse. Reference value None; see below the principle of the test and quality of the observations/measuring. Required equipment • • • Testing liquid • • The principle of the test and evaluation of the observations/measuring • • • Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ rinse your equipment with acids on a regular basis! regular a on acids with equipment your rinse

the filled sample bottle will be turned over for several times, trans­fused in the mixture bowl and then a sample will be taken by means of the sample spoon; it is to be recommended to use a draining rack for good emptying of bowls and bottles; it is desired, that there are some sample bottles extra on the farm during the milk recording. the farmer removes the bottles and the sample equipment for a careful cleaning by hand; store the sample equipment and bottles on a dry place, free from dust. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

• • • sampling After • • #armer, do

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ %$

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 %' ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ full of milk, stir for 5 seconds. If the flask is more than half full of milk, stir for 10 seconds. Turn the valve to the sample position and place a vial under the valve outlet to collect sample. the sub- remainder the remove to position EMPTY the to valve the turn taken, been has sample sufficient Once of milk from the flask. Return valve to “MILK” position. After taking milk yield reading, turn the sampler dial to the same reading as the milk volume in the in volume milk the as reading same the to dial sampler the turn reading, yield milk taking After flask. approximately for button admission air the depressing by procedure sub-sample automatic the Initiate one second. Note the agitation is not requiredAuto Sampler milk meter. with the Tru-Test Always ensure that sampler dial is returned to the zero position before taking the next sample. $or the wash cycle, ensure that the valve is in wash position and the sampler dial in the halfway position. At the end of washing place the sampler dial in the fully open position. Once sufficient milk sample has been taken, turn the valve to the empty position to remove the remainder of milk from the flask. Purge the milk meter upwards. by pushing the air admission push rod Return valve to the MILK position. After taking milk yield reading, turn the valve to “STIR” position. If flask is half full or less than ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ • • • approval. provisional for test in is Meter Ezi-test the moment this In Tru-test Auto Sampler (#V Tru-test & Sampler milk meter) • • • • • • # Model Tru-test Meter • Section 11- Appendixes Note: Insert figure ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Technique. Dipper at the base of the milk meter. grit). Replace these components if necessary, or remove any obstructions. Remove flask from meter by simple one handed operation. sample milk of amount required the pour then twice, least at gently inverting by flask in milk Agitate into a separate vial. Remove flask from meter by simple one handed operation. Pour flask contents slowly into a suitable container and repeat procedure. With take volumetric the dipper, exact amount of milk sample required and place into a separate vial. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

If the second reading for a particular milk meter remains outside these limits: a) check the milk meter for air leaks around cover-O-ring, flask top O-ring and sampling valve b) check the milk meter cover and sampling nozzle for damage and for any obstructions (e.g. hair, Deviating meters When the measuring do not come up to this standard, the testing procedure should this to up come to impos­sible still is it be If repeated meter. the of dismantling necessary, if afterand, checking standard, the meter should be recalibrated/adjusted or replaced. Replacement or repair of meters meters for applies also This deploying. before accuracy measuring on tested be to are meters new All from which the measuring spout is renewed during control. Reporting the results The results of the periodic checking of the milk meters, as well as interim changes and the checks the to farmer, the to others among concerned, those reportedto be will changes these with go that main supplier and to the national milk recording organization. “Hints” for sampling from TRU-TEST meters TRU-TEST from sampling for “Hints” Tru-test HI Model Meter technique. inversion 1lask 1) *Method • • Method 2) • • •

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ %&

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 & ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Replacement Replacement or repair of meters meters for applies also This deploying. before accuracy measuring on tested be to are meters new All from which the measuring spout is renewed during control. Reporting the results The results of the periodic checking of the milk meters, as well as interim changes and the checks the to farmer, the to others concerned, among those to reported be will changes these with go that main supplier and to the national milk-recording organization. Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ A sucking set: checking at least once in 12 months. with a sucking opening of 8 mm. Tube inlet. air No Electronic weigh-beam/bascule Some buckets of sufficient capacity. Normal tap water Eventually addition of a little chlorine (in connection with infection) or regularly refreshing the test water. Suck 10 kg of the liquid Read the display value (without use of a reading ring) The result of the measure tube should be 10.3 kg +/- 0.2 kg. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.13 - “WAIKATO MK 5” MILK METER PERIODIC CHECKING O0 THE “WAIKATO MK 5” MILK METER #requency of periodic • General Besides measuring accuracy, also check on cleanliness, quality of rubber parts, functio­ning of clip mechanism (hanging crooked) and readability calibration. Reference value None; see below the principle of the test and quality of the observations/measuring. Required equipment • • • • Testing liquid • • The principle of the test and evaluation of the observations/measuring • • • Deviating meters When the measuring do not come up to this standard, the testing procedure should this to up come to be impos­sible still is it If repeated meter. the of dismantling necessary, if afterand, checking standard, the meter should be recalibrated/adjusted or replaced.

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ &

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 &! ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ $arms for periodical check: -- recording number of digits with protractor on 6 kg-line (bottom; top on 16 kg). - compare number of digits to reference - tolerance +/- 130 digits (90 digits =0.1 kg). - check on leaking taps. check air inlet for mixing the milk. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ • Deviating measuring glazes When not coming up to this standard, the measuring glass has to be adjusted and again checked. Replacement of measuring glazes By numbering the measuring glazes (durable numbers) changing and replacing is easily noticed. In such cases a new water test is carried out. results the of Reporting The results of the periodic supplier checking, main the as to well farmer, as the the to others interim among changes concerned, those and to reportedthe be checks will changes that these go with and to the national milk recording organization. Section 11- Appendixes ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ wellhead): use of sample taking equipment and mirrors. Water test: none - Water see below the principle of the test and evaluation observa­tions/ measuring. Check with electronic special - level, the so called protractor: number of measured digits. A sucking set Electronic weigh-beam/bascule Some buckets of sufficient capacity Digital protractor (inc. box) Calibration standard Grab Clean tap water No additions $or new farms: -- sucking The results of 5.8 kg water. must be: 6 kg +/- 0.1 kg. - sucking The of result12.6 kg water. must be: 13 kg +/- 0.2 kg. recording of corner in digits with protractor (bottom on 6 kg-line = reference-value). Check on: height, fixing, stand, content, lighting milking stable, readability calibra­tion, acces­sibility calibra­tion, readability stable, milking lighting content, stand, fixing, height, on: Check and leaking draw-off valves. conditions height: -- 10 kg-line between 120 - 175 cm (preference-height) - 10 kg-line lower than 120 cm: sample draw-off valve on minimal 60 cm 10 kg-line lower than 120 cm and draw-off valve lower than 60 cm (measuring glass under ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Reference Reference value • • Required equipment • • • • • • Testing liquid • • The principle of the test and evaluation observations/measuring • Water test SECTION 11 APPENDIX 6.14 - PERIODIC CHECKING O JARS $requency of periodic checking at least once in 24 months. General • •

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ &

A

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 11 &# ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices Manufacturer Manufacturer DeLaval Agri AB, Sweden DeLaval Agri AB, Sweden DeLaval Agri AB, Sweden Germania Model 8300719-07 Milkrite Model 8301064-01 Model Surge Model 8301064-02 Surge WestfaliaSystemat Milk System Recording Computerized AccuWeigh Model 7009-2862-220 Model 25177 Kimaxor Pyrex Model 25799 Kimax or Pyrex ○○○○○○ Provisional list of approved Jars (at March 2001) Milk Milk jars national a had and 5 Part in guidelines the fulfill to which manufacturers different the of jars milk The approval on 1 January 1992 in at least three member countries are considered as approved. New types have to be fully tested. Section 11- Appendixes International USA USA International Netherlands , The Industries Lely DeLaval AB Sweden AB Sweden DeLaval ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Meter Bou-Matic M+ Afi-Lite Shuttle Device (Sampler for system) milking automathic Meter Milk Electronic Tru-Test ofDairy Equipment Division DEC Bou-Matic Zealand New Ltd. Tru-Test Manufacturer Israel Afikim SAE Meter Afiflo 2000 Afiflo 9000 Afikim ($ullflow) 3000 Bou-Matic Perfection Dairy-Manager USA Bou-Matic Dairy Master Weighall Dataflow SAEIsrael Afikim Manufacturer $avorit International SAE IsraelAfikim SAEIsrael Afikim and E.P. Harty Co.Ltd Ireland $lomaster 2000/ Alpro $lomaster USA Bros Co. Pro Babson Surge $ree-$low GmbH, Germany Agro-Vertriebsgesellschaft 100 JM Lactocorder $ullwood Level Milk Meter 2 Manuflow Manuflow21and Sweden AB Manus 2) (Memolac Meltec Metatron Engineers SCR Israel Ltd. Milko-Scope MKII Nedap2000)2000 MR (Combina Agri BV. Maschinenbau Werkzeug- Berneck AG., TheSwitzerland und Netherlands AB Sweden DeLaval BV. Netherlands) The Agri (Nedap Germany Ag. Separator Westfalia 2 Pulsameter The Melotte. Gascoigne Netherlands sampler Auto Tru-Test $ Tru-Test AB, Sweden DeLaval HI Tru-Test Germany Ag. Separator Westfalia Zealand New Ezi-Test Ltd. WB Tru-Test Tru-Test Empty $ast HI Tru-Test Germany GmbH Messgeräte Labor-und WB Tru-Test MK5 Waikato Zealand New Ltd. Tru-test Zealand New Ltd. Tru-Test Zealand New Ltd. Tru-Test Zealand New Ltd. Tru-Test Zealand New Ltd. Tru-Test Zealand Ag, New Inter ○○○○○○○○○○○○

SECTION 11 APPENDIX 7 - SURVEY O APPROVED (MARCH 2001) METERS List of approved milk-meters (at October 2002) List of provisionally approved milk-meters (at October 2002)

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ &"

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ &% (updated to May 2002) ICAR CHAIRMAN/CONVENOR SUB-COMMITTEES, TASK ORCE AND WORKING GROUPS ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ [email protected] [email protected] ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○ Sub-Committee - Animal Identification (Chairman) Pauw Reinhard Landeskontrollverband Rheinland e.V. Endenicherallee 64 D - 53115 Bonn Germany Tel.: +49-228-7263215 $ax: +49-228-7263223 e-mail: Sub-Committee - Interbull Jean-Claude Mocquot(Chairman) Départment Institut Génétique, de Identification L’élevage, et Contrôle des Performances 149, rue de Bercy $ - 75595 Paris Cédex 12 $rance Tel.: +33-1-40045202/40045188/40044975 $ax: +33-1-40045299/40044950 e-mail:

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ &' ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ [email protected] ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○○○ Working Working Group - and Insemination Artificial R.T. Alain Malafosse (Chairman) UNCEIA 149, rue de Bercy $ - 75595 Paris Cedex 12 $rance Tel.: +33-1-40045392/89 $ax: +33-1-40045379 e-mail: [email protected] Working Group - Beef Performance Hans Jürgen Schild (Chairman) LKV Bayern Haydnstraße 11 D - 80336 München Germany Tel.: +49-89-5443480/54434863 $ax: +49-89-54434810 e-mail: Working Working Group - Conformation Recording David Hewitt (Convenor) Breed Develop. Holstein UK&Irl. Scotsbridge House, Rickmansworth 3BB WD3 - UK Hertfordshire UK Tel.: +44-1923-695200 $ax: +44-1923-695276 e-mail: [email protected] Chairman/Convenor Chairman/Convenor of Sub-Committees, Groups Task %orce and Working g ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ .or osati@icar r [email protected] [email protected] ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Task Task #orce - Development #und Kamlesh R. (Chairman) Trivedi National Dairy Development Board, NDDB IND - 388001 Anand, Gujarat India Tel.: +91-2692-40148 / 149 $ax: +91-2692-40156 / 165 e-mail: Working Working Group - Animal Recording Data $rank Armitage (Convenor) NMR House $oxGreenways Talbot UK - SN15 1BN Chippenham, Wiltshire UK Tel.: +44-1249467242 $ax: +44-1249462002 e-mail: Sub-Committee - Meters and Jars Andrea Rosati (Chairman), European Association for Animal Production Via Nomentana 134 00162 Rome Italy Tel: +39-0686329141 $ax: +39-0686329263 e-mail:

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ' .inra.fr ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ [email protected] leray@poligny [email protected] ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○○○ Working Working Group - Milk in Recording Goats (Convenor) Kompan Drago University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical $aculty, Zootechnical Dept. Groblje 3 SLO - 1230 Domzale Slovenia Tel.: +386-1-7217865 $ax: +386-1-7241005 e-mail: Working Working Group - Milk of Recording Sheep Jean-Michel Astruc (Chairman) INRA - SAGA, Centre de Recherches de Toulouse 27 B.P. $ - 31326 Castanet Cedex Tolosan $rance Tel.: +33-561-285165 $ax: +33-561-285353 e-mail: Working Working Group - Laboratories Milk Testing Olivier Leray (Chairman) Ceca Lait, INRA SRTAL 89 B.P. $ - 39801 Poligny cedex $rance Tel.. +33-3-84736320 $ax: +33-3-84736329 e-mail: Chairman/Convenor Chairman/Convenor of Sub-Committees, Groups Task %orce and Working .nl .wag-ur ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ [email protected] [email protected] ab.gr [email protected] ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Working Working Group - Traits #unctional Groen(Chairman) $. Ab Agricultural Animal Wageningen University, Breeding & Genetics Group, Dept. of Animal Breeding 338 Box P.O. NL - 6700 AH Wageningen The Netherlands Tel.: +31-317-483693 $ax: +31-317-483962 e-mail: Working Working Group - Methods Lactation Calculation $ilippo Miglior (Chairman) Canadian Dairy Network 150 Research Lana, Suite 207 CND - N1G 4T2 Guelph, Ontario Canada Tel.: +1-519-7679660 ext. 307 $ax: +1-519-7676768 e-mail: Working Working Group - Milk in Recording Buffaloes Bianca Moioli (Chairman) Istituto Sperimentale per la Zootecnia (ISZ) Via Salaria, 31 (Km 26 700) I – 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, (RM) Italy Tel.: +39-06-90090213/90090200 $ax: +39-06-9061541 e-mail:

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ '

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ '! Approved by the General Assembly in June 1992 in Austria RULES OR THE GRANTING AND OR THE USE O THE SPECIAL STAMP ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Establishment of the Special Stamp Purpose of the Special Stamp Granting of the Special Stamp the Board’s consideration. examine to Commission Special a appoint application, the of eligibility the to as satisfied if may, and the application in detail. subsistence expenses for this Commission shall be paid by the applicant. to accomplish its work and to facilitate the work of disposal. the Commission with all the means at its consider will who Board, the of members all inform then will Secretariat The visit. the of completion the application at their next meeting. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○○○ 1. The ICAR agreement dated 1992 provides for the attribution of a Special Stamp to Organisations $ull (hereinafter Member called Members). 2. Use of the Special Stamp in publications and on documents issued by the members indicates that the records and evaluations have been produced by methods conforming with the ICAR agreement. 3. 3.1 The procedure for obtaining the Special Stamp is as follows: 3.1.1 Members applying for the right to use the Special Stamp will prepare relevant documentation for Secretariat the to supplied documentation the of basis the on application 3.1.2the examine will Board The 3.1.3 The Special Commission shall normally be composed of two members of the Board. Travel and 3.1.4 The applicant undertakes to provide all information which the special Commission finds necessary 3.1.5 The Special Commission must submit its report to the Secretariat within four weeks of the Chairman/Convenor Chairman/Convenor of Sub-Committees, Groups Task %orce and Working ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ [email protected] [email protected] ○○○○○○○○○○○○

Working Group - Quality Assurance Quality - Group Working (Convenor) Juga Jarmo Nordic Cattle Genetic Evaluation 40 Box P.O. $IN - 01301 Vantaa $inland Tel.: +358-9-85706430 $ax: +358-9-85706401 e-mail: Working Working Group - Sheep Meat, #ibre and #ertility Robert Banks (Chairman) CEO, LAMPLAN, UNE, Animal Science AUS 2351 Armidale Australia Tel.: +61-267-732948 $ax: +61-267-733275 e-mail:

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○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ '# ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The Use of the Special Stamp Responsibility for the Use of the Special Stamp Description: Appendix within its domain. Stamp for the purposes of designing documents and stationery. wish i.e. by print, impression or mark. the Special Stamp. ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○○○ 8. Members who have been granted the right to use the Special Stamp and organisations which have received the right of use of the stamp, may use the stamp on all their publications and documents. 9. 9.1organisation other any by or itself by whether Stamp the of use the for responsible is Member Each 9.2 The Secretariat will provide Members entitled to use the Special Stamp with a copy of 9.3they way any in stamp the utilise to free are Stamp Special the use to right the granted Members A The Special Stamp is a circle of 47 mm in diameter that around limits the Latin a phrase “QUOD 7 SCRIPTUM EST mm MANET” written on large a blue crown base (Pantone showing Process all Blu U) with white painted fantasy capital characters. hold scales Roman blue a base, white a on represented, is it dia­meter in mm 33 of circle the Inside up by a 3 links chain 12 mm long. The whole beam is 30 mm long. On its side, right its left of end the side At weight. type the clepsydra a is beam there links, ends the and tare with spheric the between a spheric tare of 6 mm and there are 5 white tallies. the beam the and scale the between space horizontal the Within long. mm 26 is part upper scale The initial letters of ICAR extend in blue Times New Roman capital 5 mm high characters. 7.3 The Board shall notify all member organisations of any decision taken to withdraw the right use Rules for the granting and the use of the Special Stamp special Commission of 2 Board Members, to investigate the use the investigate to Members, Board 2 of Commission special final, provided that at least 4 Board Members are in agreement

permission for a member to use the Special Stamp.

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ granted the use of the Special Stamp. Special the of use the granted to Member Organisations. authorised by the Member to use the Special Stamp, provided that the Member is satisfied that the organisations comply with ICAR rules. period a within with complied fully be will agreementor the is that Member, the by satisfied be can to be determined by the Board. reconsideration of the decision and must do so within 30 days of the notification of the decision. of the Special Stamp by a Member. If the Commission reports to the Board that the ICAR Agreement ICAR the that Board the to reports Commission the If Member. a by Stamp Special the of Stamp. Special the using stop to Member that instruct shall Board the with, complied being not is Commission Special a that determine may Board The advance. in well Member the by notified be must will investigate and if required, advise use the on that recommending Commission the the of event the proposed in changes. However, Stamp. the of The use the revoke Board may, if necessary, of the Special Stamp should be allowed to continue, but that the Agreement does not adequately cover the circumstances existent or proposed the Board in that member country, may permit the temporary use of the Special Stamp while approval is being sought from the other Members for changes to the Agreement. ormat of the Special Stamp Supervision Withdrawal of the Right to Use the Special Stamp Reconsideration Procedure with the decision. the with ○○○○○○○○○○○○

6.2 Members who do not pay their fees before the due date, lose the right to use the Special Stamp. 3.1.6 If the Board, after examining the report of the Special Commission, is satisfied, the applicant will be will applicant the satisfied, is Commission, 3.1.6Special the of report the examining after Board, the If 3.1.7 The President of ICAR will inform The the Secretariat applying member. will circulate the decision 3.1.8 If the Member represents recording organisations in the country, these organisations may be 4. 4.1 The format is described in the Appendix. 5. 5.1Board the unless withdrawn, be may Stamp Special the of use that Members, warn may Board The 5.2a appoint to decide may Board The 6. 6.1 request to right The Board may withdraw the has member the Board, the of decision 7. the over dispute a of 7.1 case the In 7.2 The decision of the Board shall be 5.3 If in a country substantial changes to the recording practices are planned, then the Secretariat

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ '"

○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ '% ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ recording activities are under its own responsibility. in their national territoryfor, and within their field of competence, and shall forbid or avoid, even through Court proceedings according to their national law, whatever infringement or illegal use by third parties. All costs needed for the defense of the Special Stamp shall be supported by the Member. ICAR Secretariat must be informed of the above cases immediately. illegal use of its Special Stamp in the countries where no Member has Special been Stamp use, or granted out of the the Organisation recording and certification activities by ICAR Board. provisions quality standard ICAR’s when-ever or found is misuse or abuse an ever when it forbid followed. not are statutory rules, previous the payment of relevant annual fee. conditions: legal complementary following the to agree and satisfy they provided ICAR by authorized be a.animal where territory the within Stamp Special the use shall Member the authorised, When b.granted are they Stamp Special registered the of use the for responsible be shall Member All c. ICAR shall provide, even through Court proceedings, to forbid or avoid any infringement or d. The registered Special Stamp cannot be varied or modified for any reason unless approved e. ICAR is entitled to control the use the Member makes of the registered Special Stamp and ICAR will issue an Attribution Certificate. agreement, it shall be deemed by German. Arbitrators or English $rench, of either is used the be to language Association The Italian. the for is applicable law International The Rome. Arbitration in ICAR International Agreement of Recording Practices ○○○○○○○○ 3. The attribution and the use of the Special Stamp is exclusively 4.granted by ICAR Board as per technically qualified to apply for All the Member, attribution and the use of the Special Stamp, will 5. When points 2 and 4 above are accepted and when all statutory requirements are accomplished, 6. Whatever controversy may arise between ICAR and one of its if Member, not solved by amicable Rules for the granting and the use of the Special Stamp ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ an ICAR property. Stamp. Dimensions and colour of the special stamp Recording specifications Policy for the use of ICAR special stamp the country, at least designated by its three letters ISO code; the name of the authorised Organisation; the specie has to be clearly identified either by name or image; the recorded character (milk, meat), indicated both in one of the official ICAR language (English, $rench, German) and in the local language in case its differs from the first one. ○○○○○○○○○○○○

B The ICAR Special Stamp is registered in the dimension above described. $or its regular use on publications, documents and stationery, the Special Stamp has diameter ranging between to 2 (two) and 6 (six) cm. be of a The colour in which the Special Stamp is used should be original blue or black colour. If Member wishes to use the Special Stamp in a larger size or in it another should colour, obtain a previous written agreement from the Board of ICAR. C The use of Special Stamp is no more limited to cow milk recording but could apply other species, D 1.is It Organisations. Member $ull by owned jointly mark, registered collective a is Stamp Special The 2. In no case a single $ull Member Organisation is entitled to any right or property on the Special either for milk or meat recording. When used on official recording documents, the mentions associated to the Special Stamp should clearly point out: • • • • The draft of the heading of the document must be approved by the Board.

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