CONTRACT WP 9711 DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION

GREATER SEKHUKHUNE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY GREATER LOCAL MUNICIPALITY:

FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR MARBLE HALL WATER SUPPLY SCHEME

Marble Hall Town

DRAFT VERSION 1.3

October 2010

Prepared by Prepared for: SRK Consulting Department of Water Affairs PO Box 55291 Directorate: National Water Resources Planning NORTHLANDS Private Bag X313 2116 , Tel: +27 (0) 12 361 9821 0001 E-mail: [email protected]

RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR MARBLE HALL TOWN SUPPLY REPORT NO. { 1 }

DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION MARBLE HALL EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The rudimentary strategy objectives and methodology are presented in a separate report titled “ Starter document: Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ” and must be read in conjunction with this document. Location and Background Information The focus of this document is on water supply to the town of Marble Hall situated towards the western side of Greater Marble Hall Local Municipality. Marble Hall town receives water from the Loskop dam.

Lepelle Northern Water is the Water Service Provider for Marble Hall. The Marble Hall Water Purification Works abstracts water from the Loskop irrigation canal.

Water is supplied to the town of Marble Hall at above RDP level through stand connections and water borne sanitation. Groundwater use is minimal and is used to augment surface water from the Loskop canal during surface water supply interruptions when the Loskop canal is being maintained. Confidence level of Information available for the study area The confidence level for the information in this area is medium as some of records of the actual flows do exist. Priority rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy:

This cluster is considered to have a Priority 1 (low) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy. Water allocations must be registered.

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Water balance with reconciliation options

The table below shows the water balance if augmentation measures/ WC/WDM measures are implemented in the area (Million m3/a).

Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Groundwater 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010

Surface Available Supply water 2.007 2.007 2.007 2.007 2.007 2.007

Groundwater 0.865 0.865 0.865 0.865 0.865 0.865

Surface Augmentation Measures water 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total Available Supply 2.882 2.882 2.882 2.882 2.882 2.882

Low Growth 0.815 0.845 0.909 1.033 1.087 1.099 Demand Requirement (no reconciliation options ( High Growth 0.815 0.856 0.941 1.092 1.173 1.211

Low Growth 0.000 0.008 0.082 0.134 0.141 0.143

WC/WDM measures (Savings) High Growth 0.000 0.009 0.085 0.142 0.153 0.157

Low Growth 2.067 2.045 2.055 1.983 1.936 1.926

Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth 2.067 2.034 2.025 1.932 1.861 1.828

Conclusions (i) Marble Hall Town’s current water demand is estimated as 0.845 Mm 3/a and is projected to increase to 1.211 Mm 3/a by the year 2030. Groundwater use was recorded as 1.746Mm 3/a for agricultural purposes and 0.01 Mm 3/a registered for domestic water supply.

(ii) The available groundwater for augmentation purpose (0.865 Mm 3/a) obtained in the Greater Sekhukhune Water Master Plan is only used to augment the surface water when surface water supply is interrupted for the Loskop Canal maintenance. The surface water from Loskop dam via the Marble Hall town water purification Plant is sufficient to meet the projected water requirements for the cluster for the year 2030. However, the groundwater use needs to be monitored and metered to augment surface water during interruptions for Loskop canal maintenance.

Strategy/Recommendations Short term (i) Develop the Water Conservation and Demand Management plan, with clear performance targets.

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(ii) Limit wasteful water use in order to control water consumption and utilise available groundwater to its full potential.

Long term (i) Monitoring and development of the Water Conservation and Water Demand Management strategy.

This is a strategy for the Marble Town and it has been accepted and signed by Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality, Greater Marble Hall Local Municipality, DWA Limpopo Regional Office and the DWA Head Office (D: NWRP) as follows:

Town WMA DM WSA WSDP Status

Marble Hall Olifants Greater GSDM Draft Sekhukhune District Municipality

Names:………………………………………. Names:……………………………………….

Signature:…………………………………… Signature:……………………………………

Date:………………………………………… Date:…………………………………………

Position:…………………...... Greater Position:…………………………… Greater Marble Hall LM Sekhukhune DM

Names:………………………………………. Names:……………………………………….

Signature:…………………………………… Signature:……………………………………

Date:………………………………………… Date:…………………………………………

Position:…………………………………DWA Position:………………………………DWA D: Regional Office National Water Resource Planning

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 10

1.1 Overview ...... 10

1.2 Study area ...... 10

1.3 Regional Setting ...... 10

1.4 National Spatial Development Framework...... 11

1.5 Provincial Spatial Development Framework ...... 11

1.6 Presidential Poverty Nodes ...... 11

1.7 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area ...... 11

2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS ...... 13

3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS ...... 14

3.1 Present Water Requirements and historical water use ...... 14

3.2 Level of services ...... 14

4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS TILL 2030 ...... 14

4.1 Future water requirements ...... 14

5 WATER RESOURCES ...... 15

5.1 Surface water resources ...... 15

5.1.1 Water allocation/s ...... 15

5.1.2 Other water users from the same source ...... 16

5.1.3 Quality ...... 16

5.2 Groundwater ...... 16

5.2.1 Water allocation/s ...... 17

5.2.2 Quality ...... 17

5.3 Water Re-use ...... 17

6 WATER BALANCE WITHOUT RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 18

6.1 Water Balance ...... 18

6.2 Priority to develop a water supply reconciliation strategy ...... 20

7 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 20

7.1 Water treatment plants ...... 20

7.2 Distribution network and reservoirs ...... 20

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8 EXISTING SANITATION ...... 20

8.1 Level of services ...... 20

8.2 Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW) ...... 21

8.2.1 Return flows ...... 21

8.2.2 State of WWTW ...... 21

9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 21

9.1 WC/WDM ...... 21

9.2 Rain water harvesting ...... 21

9.3 Ground water ...... 21

9.4 Re-use ...... 22

9.5 Surface water ...... 22

9.6 Augmentation Options ...... 22

9.7 Buy-out of water allocations/rights ...... 22

10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 23

10.1 Water Balance ...... 23

11 CONCLUSIONS ...... 25

12 STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 25

12.1 Short term ...... 25

12.2 Long term ...... 25

13 REFERENCES ...... 26

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1: Locality Plan ...... 12

Figure 2-1: Population Projection Comparison ...... 13

Figure 6-1: Future water requirements (Marble Hall Cluster) ...... 19

Figure 10-1: Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM measures ..... 24

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1: Historical and projected population (Marble Hall) ...... 13

Table 3-1: Current service levels ...... 14

Table 4-1: Water Requirement projections – Marble Hall Town ...... 15

Table 5-1: Other water users dependent on the water resource ...... 17

Table 6-1: Current Status and Demand Projections (Million m 3/a) ...... 18

Table 6-2: Water Use (Mm 3/a) ...... 18

Table 8-1: Current service levels ...... 20

Table 10-1: Current Status and Demand Projections (Million m 3/a) ...... 23

Table 10-2: Future Status with Reconciliation Measures (Million m 3/a) ...... 23

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ABBREVIATIONS

AADD Average Annual Daily Demand ALC Active Leakage Control CBD Central Business Districts CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research D: NWRP Directorate: National Water Resource Planning DM District Municipality DMA District Meter Area DWA Department of Water Affairs DPLG Department of Provincial and Local government FC Fibre Cement GSDM Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality IDP Integrated Development Plan IRP Integrated Resource Planning LOS Level of Service LM Local Municipality MDG Millennium Development Goals Mm 3/a Million cubic meters/ annum NRW Non Revenue Water NSDP National Spatial Development Perspective NGDB National Groundwater Database PRV Pressure Reducing Valve RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme SA SDI Spatial Development Initiative SDF Spatial Development Framework UFW Unaccounted for Water

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vii RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR MARBLE HALL TOWN SUPPLY REPORT NO. { 1 }

WARMS Water Use Registering and Licensing Management System WC/WDM Water Conservation and Water Demand Management WMA Water Management Area WRC Water Research Commission WRSM2005 Water Resources Simulation Model 2005 WSA Water Services Authority WSDP Water Services Development Plan WSNIS Water Services National Information System WSP Water Services Provider WTW Water Treatment Works WWTW Wastewater Treatment Works

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Aquifer An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be abstracted

Allocation A water allocation is an authority to take water in areas covered by a resource operations plan

Catchment The land area drained by a river and its tributaries

Demand/ A measure of the need for a portion of the supply of water requirement

Demand Measures available to a Water Service Provider to reduce water demand reduction and improve water use efficiency: for example, water restrictions

Entitlement A water entitlement is the general term used to describe water authorities granted under the Water Act, 1998 . This can be either a water allocation, interim water allocation or a water licence

Non Revenue This is the difference between the volume of water into a system and the Water billed authorised consumption for the area being supply by the system

Reliable yield The quantity of water that can be collected for a given use from a supply source or supply option with a specified degree of certainty and predictability, which is determined through analysis.

Reliability of The probability of providing a specified water entitlement under given supply operating conditions for a specified period of time

Supply The quantity of water available for meeting a demand

Supply option A potential future water resource, defined as any location-specific change to water availability, infrastructure or reliable take that will result in the total available supply being increased.

Water balance The differential of demand and supply baseline.

Yield The average annual volume that can be drawn from a supply source or supply option to meet a specified demand at a specified service level. Yield is always associated with some measure of probability of occurrence, whether that is reliability or probability of achieving a level of service. That is, yield is the volume of water drawn to meet demands in a sustainable sense

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ix RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR MARBLE HALL TOWN SUPPLY REPORT NO. { 1 }

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview

The Department of Water Affairs have initiated a study for the development of reconciliation strategies for the towns in the Northern Region in order to ensure effective and efficient management of water resources now and into the future.

The study area comprises the water management areas of Limpopo, Luvuvhu and Letaba, Crocodile (West) and Marico, and Olifants and encompasses the Limpopo and portions of Gauteng, North West and provinces.

This report should be read in conjunction with a separate report titled “ Starter document: Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study – Northern Region ”.

1.2 Study area

This study area is for Marble Hall town and its surrounding water users. Marble Hall town falls in the Greater Marble Hall Local Municipality.

The locality map is presented in Figure 1-1.

1.3 Regional Setting Marble Hall town is located in towards the western side of Greater Marble Local Municipality and it acts as the development hub of the Municipality.

Greater Marble Hall Municipality border crosses both the Mpumalanga and the Limpopo provinces. This Municipality forms part of the five local municipalities (Greater Marble Hall, Elias Motsoaledi, Makhuduthamaga, Greater Tubatse and Fetakgomo Local Municipalities) that together make up the Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality. It is about 160km from Pretoria and less than 260km from Johannesburg. Greater Marble Hal Local Municipality borders with Mookgopong LM on the north, JS Moroka LM on the west, Elias Motsoaledi on the South and Makhuduthamaga on the east.

The Greater Marble Hall Municipal Area comprises a land area of approximately 1793km² with ±807km² of land area demarcated in the Northern Province and ±986km² of land area in the Mpumalanga Province. The amalgamation of parts of 8 former Transitional Local Council resulted in the establishment of the Greater Marble Hall Municipal area.

The National Road, transverses the municipal area and links up with the Botswana Border Post and the N1 National Road at Pietersburg in the north. The N11 also link up in the south with the N4 that leads to Gauteng (west) and Komatipoort at the Mozambique Border Post.

The availability of irrigation water from the closely situated Loskop Dam, makes Marble Hall a thriving agricultural area. Besides its industrial potential, Marble Hall is known for its extensive irrigation farming where citrus fruits and extensive amount of vegetables are cultivated. The production of these products not only plays an important role in the economy of the Loskop

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Valley but in the economy of South Africa as well. The extensive vegetable cultivation provides for the great demand countrywide. Supply is primarily from Loskop dam situated in the Olifants River via the Loskop Dam irrigation canal.

1.4 National Spatial Development Framework

No information.

1.5 Provincial Spatial Development Framework The spatial characteristics for the Greater Marble Hall Municipal area are summarized below:

• A relatively large land area extending approximately 1 793km²; • A fragmented residential component consisting of 4 formal towns, 21 semi formal villages, 31 rural villages and 18 scattered villages. Therefore 42% of the settlement areas are rural; • Two (2) significant clusters of villages, one to west of Marble Hall and one to the northand east of Marble Hall. • A clear distinction between high and low potential agricultural land being utilized for intensive or extensive agricultural activities ; • Significant area of land owned by the state under custodianship of Tribal and or Traditional authorities, as well as private owned land; • Environmental sensitive areas mainly along stream areas. The prevalent spatial pattern can be attributed to the following:

• Historic policies and development initiatives;

• Economic potential of land;

• Land ownership and management;

• Culture; and

• Topography.

1.6 Presidential Poverty Nodes

GMLM and their settlements do not fall in any of the identified Presidential poverty nodes, which are situated in the most severely impoverished areas (rural and urban) in South Africa.

1.7 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area

The confidence level for the information in this area is medium as some of the records of actual flows do exist.

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Figure 1-1: Locality Plan

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2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS

Population data for the cluster is included below in Table 2.1. Various demographics and geographical spatial information data sources were utilised to obtain population data. The methodology is explained in the separate document, “ Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ”. Two scenarios have been analysed, one being a high growth, while the other a low growth projection.

Table 2-1: Historical and projected population (Marble Hall)

Year Low Growth Scenario High Growth Scenario

2007 3.096 3.096

2008 3.237 3.237

2010 3.377 3.377

2015 3.437 3.513

2020 3.473 3.608

2025 3.51 3.662

2030 3.546 3.777

The table above gives the calculated Eskom population figures. Both the low and high growth scenarios for the Marble Hall cluster was assessed as having a positive growth potential: here the population is anticipated to increase from the 2007 figure of 3096 to 3777 in 2030.

The comparison between these low and high population scenarios is shown below in Figure 2-1.

4,000

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

Population 1,500

1,000

500

- 2007 2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Marble Hall Scheme (Low growth scenario) Marble Hall Scheme (High growth scenario)

Figure 2-1: Population Projection Comparison

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3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Present Water Requirements and historical water use

The Greater Sekhukhune Water Supplies Master Plan, April 2007, reports that the consumption in Marble Hall for the year 2007 was 0.81 Mm3/a. It has to be noted that the water requirements based on the Eskom population gives an underestimation of water use as compared to the 0.81 Mm 3/a 2007 consumption figure. The water requirements were therefore adjusted based on this 0.81 Mm3/a consumption figure by applying very high consumption rate. The adjusted water requirements figures are given in Table 4.1 in section 4.

3.2 Level of services

The minimum standards for the basic level of water services are prescribed by DWAF guideline for RDP:

Level of Hardship (LOH) is used to evaluate the standard of water services provided to the communities based on the RDP criteria as specified above.

Marble Hall receives mainly above RDP standard water supply. The town is equipped with house connections. Table 3-1.

Table 3-1: Current service levels

Above RDP RDP Below RDP

Service level House Communal Communal Yard None/ own resources/ connec- supply supply connection supply (>500m) tion (<200m) (>200m)

WSNIS, 2007 30 21 25 3 21

From the tabled information it can be calculated that the Level of Hardship (LOH) for water is relatively low with less than 5% of the households below RDP water service. 4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS TILL 2030

4.1 Future water requirements

The future water requirements until 2030 are presented in Table 4-1. The assumptions used for the generation of these calculations are summarised as follows: • Population projections: The projections are calculated using high growth and low growth population estimates, as indicated in Table 2-1.

• Current level of service (LOS) estimates: The current LOS is estimated as 79% of the population in the cluster supplied above RDP standard and the remainder by boreholes at below RDP standard (WSDP, 2008). It is noted that the borehole use indicated is not registered in the WARMS data.

• Future requirements : For planning purposes, the future requirements are projected using “Scenario 3” i.e. LOS assumed to be at a minimum of a Yard Connection by 2015,

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with a 5% growth in house connections by 2015 and a further 15% growth in house connections by 2020 (total growth in house connections of 20%). RDP is assumed to increase from 25 l/p/d (current situation) to 40 l/p/d by 2015.

Table 4-1: Water Requirement projections – Marble Hall Town

Population figures Population figures Water Water used in the used in the Requirements Requirements Year calculation (Low calculation (High (Low Growth) (High Growth) Growth) Growth) Mm 3/a Mm 3/a

(1) Actual 3.096 3.096 0.815 0.815

2010 3.377 3.377 0.845 0.856

2015 3.437 3.513 0.909 0.941

2020 3.473 3.608 1.033 1.092

2025 3.51 3.662 1.087 1.173

2030 3.546 3.777 1.099 1.211

Note: (1) Base population is provided for 2007. The water requirements are estimated from 2003 data. 5 WATER RESOURCES

5.1 Surface water resources The surface water resources of the Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality are comprised of the two main rivers the Olifants and the , which is itself a tributary of the Olifants. Loskop dam was constructed in the Olifants River at the border of Thembisile, Steve Tshwete and Elias Motsoaledi Local Municipalities. Marble Hall receives bulk water supply from the Loskop dam through the Loskop Irrigation scheme. The Marble Hall Water treatment Plant receives raw water from Loskop dam via the Loskop Irrigation Canal for purification to supply the town of Marble Hall. Loskop dam is the only main source of surface water supply in Marble Hall town. The dam has a net storage capacity of 362 Mm 3/a and the mean annual runoff of 451 Mm3/a.

2007 observed demand was indicated to be 0.8 Mm 3/a for Marble Hall WS while the licensed abstraction on the same year was 2.007 Mm 3/a.

The Marble hall cluster falls within the Quaternary catchment B31J.

5.1.1 Water allocation/s

Loskop dam is the main source of water supply in Marble Hall. Raw water is released into a ±495m long canal that divides into the two main canals. One of the canals transports the allocation of about 1.825Mm3/a. to the Marble Hall Water Treatment Plant. This allocation supplies Marble Hall town and its surrounding residential areas.

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5.1.2 Other water users from the same source Loskop Dam was originally constructed for agricultural purposes. Presently, water from this dam supplies the Hereford Irrigation Board, the Olifants River Irrigation Board, as well as the Elias Motsoaledi Local Municipality.

5.1.3 Quality

Water supplied is of poor quality due to the fact that the Marble Hall Water Treatment Plant is very old and is not well maintained. The quality does not meet the required water quality standards. The water samples taken indicate a class 2 water quality standard level.

5.2 Groundwater Two boreholes constructed in Marble Hall are used to augment the surface water from Loskop dam. Water is abstracted from the two boreholes only when the supply from the water treatment plant is insufficient due to canal maintenance interruptions. The two boreholes are not metered and the augmentation allocation is unknown.

The 1:500 000 General Hydrogeological map for South Africa published by DWAF (2000), 1:250 000 Geological map series [7] and GRA2 data [8] has been used to describe the geology and hydrogeology for the area. Marble Hall town is located within sedimentary rocks of the Chuniespoort Group (dolomite and limestone), Pretoria Group (Timeball Hill Formation – shale subordinate schist) and Karoo Sequence (Ecca Formation – shale, sandstone and coal).

The regional hydrogeological map of South Africa indicates that the regional aquifers identified in and around the clusters correspond to Karstic (limestone/dolomite) aquifers and intergranular/fractured aquifers (shale, sandstone, schist). The groundwater potential within the intergranular/fractured aquifers varies between 0.5 L/s and 2.0 L/s [7] and the groundwater potential within the Karstic aquifers varies between 2.0 – 5.0 L/s. The water table is generally encountered around 13 mbgl. The faults and fractures enhance the hydraulic conductivity and can serve as drainage lines. Unnamed faults strike north-east to south-west through the eastern part of the study area.

The groundwater recharge within Marble Hall cluster is estimated as between 1 mm/a (chloride method) and 23.2 mm/a [9]. This provides an estimated groundwater availability 1 of between 0.034 and 0.788 Million m3/a for an area of ~34 km 2. However, if the calculation of the estimated groundwater availability takes into account the boreholes field located in the north of the cluster (with an area of 94km 2), the groundwater availability is between 0.094 and 1.833 Million m3/a. If this boreholes field area and the cluster area are cumulated, the estimated groundwater availability is between 0.128 and 2.621 Million m3/a. The calculations for the groundwater availability do not take into account the current abstraction of groundwater from existing boreholes which has been estimated at approximately 1.756

1 Groundwater availability is estimated from recharge (dry periods) prepared during the Groundwater Resource Assessment Phase 2 (GRA2) project. These estimates are indicative only and should be confirmed and verified through a detailed hydrogeological study to confirm the sustainability of the aquifer in the long term.

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Million m3/a. The sustainability of the aquifer can only, however, be determined following a detailed study.

5.2.1 Water allocation/s

The two boreholes serve as spare capacity in times when the town demand is higher than the supply from the water treatment plant. This happens when the supply from the canal is temporarily stopped for canal maintenance. The abstraction from the boreholes is not measured.

There is one (1) registered use within Marble Hall cluster for borehole abstraction (0.042 Million m3/a) for agriculture purpose. The boreholes field lists 23 registered boreholes for agriculture purpose (1.704 Million m3/a) and 1 registered borehole for water supply (0.01 Million m3/a).

Table 5-1: Other water users dependent on the water resource

Licensed abstraction (Mm 3/a) Name Domestic Mining Irrigation Industry Other

Boreholes 0.01 NK 1.746 NK NK

Note:

(1) Additional use indicated in brackets that are not registered.

5.2.2 Quality

Water quality data is provided from the NGDB dataset and Olifants database [9] where approximately 32 records are quoted with the water quality results from 1995 to 2007.

In general terms the quality of groundwater for drinking purpose within the study area can be regarded as acceptable. However due to a high contents of nitrate (NO 3), chloride (Cl) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), several boreholes located within the area experience poorer groundwater quality above Class 2 (Marginal quality) which is regarded as unfit for human consumption without treatment.

5.3 Water Re-use

None.

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6 WATER BALANCE WITHOUT RECONCILIATION OPTIONS

6.1 Water Balance

Table 6-1: Current Status and Demand Projections (Million m3/a)

Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Groundwater 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010

Surface Available Supply water 2.007 2.007 2.007 2.007 2.007 2.007

Total Available Supply 2.017 2.017 2.017 2.017 2.017 2.017

Low Growth 0.815 0.845 0.909 1.033 1.087 1.099 Demand Requirement (no reconciliation options High Growth 0.815 0.856 0.941 1.092 1.173 1.211

Low Growth 1.202 1.172 1.108 0.984 0.930 0.918

Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth 1.202 1.161 1.076 0.925 0.844 0.806

Table 6-2: Water Use (Mm 3/a)

Description Source Quantity Comment

Loskop Irrigation Canal Actual Abstraction Ground water 1.756 Agricultural supply included

Loskop Irrigation Canal Registered Use Ground water 1.756 Agricultural supply included

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18 RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR MARBLE HALL TOWN SUPPLY REPORT NO. {1}

2.500

2.000

20% growth in house connection by 2025 1.500

Current level Mm³/annum of service

1.000

5% growth in 0.500 house connection by 2015

- 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2 012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 20 22 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Year

Surface Water Supply Groundwater Supply Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario )

Figure 6-1: Future water requirements (Marble Hall Cluster)

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19 RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR MARBLE HALL TOWN SUPPLY REPORT NO. {1}

6.2 Priority to develop a water supply reconciliation strategy

This cluster is considered to have a Priority 1 (low) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy. Surface and ground water allocations must be registered.

The level of data supporting this estimate can be improved through the validation and confirmation of existing groundwater use. 7 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE

Marble Hall town is supplied with surface water from Loskop dam and augmented by two boreholes acting as standby supply source for periods when the supply from the treatment works is insufficient.

7.1 Water treatment plants A Water Treatment Plant exists in Marble Hall town. This works supplies the town of Marble Hall. It has a design capacity of 2.007Mm 3/a. It is presently delivering about 0.73 Mm 3/a. There is therefore spare capacity that could be utilized to supply future water demands. The Water Treatment Plant is fed via holding dams from the Loskop irrigation canal.

7.2 Distribution network and reservoirs

The water supply system is made up of three reservoirs, two pump stations and reticulation system. From the water treatment plant, water is stored in the ground level tower after purification and pumped into two elevated towers. From the two gravity reservoirs water is gravitated to the reticulation networks. 8 EXISTING SANITATION

Marble Hall Town is equipped with waterborne sewerage system.

8.1 Level of services

Sanitation is generally supplied (above RDP) through water borne sewage for the entire town.

The current level of service is indicated in Table 8-1 as per WSNIS 2008

Table 8-1: Current service levels

Above RDP RDP Below RDP

Septic tanks, digester, Flush toilet Pit latrine Service level desluger, None, chemical, (connected to with effluent bucket or pit latrine sewerage ventilation discharge to an without ventilation system) (VIP) oxidation pond, etc

WSNIS, 2008 26 4 18 52

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20 RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR MARBLE HALL TOWN SUPPLY REPORT NO. {1}

Information in the table above was obtained from the WSNIS 2008 data and indicates a high LOH for sanitation services with >50% of households receiving below minimum RDP standard of service. The Lepelle Northern Water however reported that the entire Marble Hall town receives a high sanitation level of service with the entire town connected to sewerage system.

8.2 Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW) A semi- conventional WWTW with a design capacity of 0.547 Mm 3/a exists in the town. The need or otherwise to upgrade this WWTW needs to be confirmed with the Technical Manager of Marble Hall Municipality. The required capacity should be about 1.095 Mm 3/a by 2025.

The water demand in the town is approx. 0.8 Mm 3/a.

8.2.1 Return flows

Details of return flows for Marble Hall are unknown.

8.2.2 State of WWTW

The state of the WWTWs is unknown.

9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS

9.1 WC/WDM

A Water Conservation strategy is partly in place. A program is in place to inform the public about water shortages and water conservation especially when the Loskop Dam Irrigation canal is being maintained. There are currently no programs for reducing unaccounted for water, leak and meter repair, and consumer education. The entire Greater Sekhukhune District under which Greater Marble Hall Municipality falls is a dry semi-arid area without any plantations or evidence of major infestation with exotic species and this District Municipality does not have any Working for Water projects.

Water Resources Management Interventions that were proposed for the entire Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality include targets to reduce unaccounted for water and water inefficiencies in urban areas by 10% and by 15% in rural areas by 2008, leaks to be detected and repaired and bulk meters installed on reservoir outlets, private and institutional water meters to be checked and replaced if necessary especially in the few Sekhukhune District urban areas, Public Awareness Campaigns to be organised as part of the Water Demand Management of schemes.

9.2 Rain water harvesting

There is a low potential for rainfall harvesting.

9.3 Ground water

The exploitable groundwater potential in Marble Hall is sufficiently utilised to augment the surface water. The existing boreholes need to be formalised, metered and monitored to meet the augmentation demand.

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21 RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR MARBLE HALL TOWN SUPPLY REPORT NO. {1}

An estimated 0.865 Million m3/a [2] of groundwater is available to further augment the surface water supply. This yield is however not required since the available surface and ground water supply Marble Hall sufficiently.

9.4 Re-use

There seem to be water re-use in Marble Hall but the details are unknown.

9.5 Surface water

The 2.007 Mm 3/a licensed abstraction from Loskop dam to Marble Hall Water Treatment Plant is sufficient to meet future requirements. The current consumption is at a figure of +0.8 Mm 3/a.

9.6 Augmentation Options

Augmentation is already in place. The two boreholes existing in Marble Hall were constructed for the purpose of augmenting the surface water from Loskop dam. Abstraction records for the two boreholes are unavailable. It is recommended that the two boreholes be formalised, metered and monitored to sufficiently meet augmentation demand. When uninterrupted for maintenance purposes, surface water from the Loskop canal supplies Marble Hall town sufficiently and has sufficient supply for future demand.

9.7 Buy-out of water allocations/rights

None.

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22 RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR MARBLE HALL TOWN SUPPLY REPORT NO. {1}

10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS

10.1 Water Balance

Table 10-1: Current Status and Demand Projections (Million m3/a)

Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Groundwater 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010

Surface Available Supply water 2.007 2.007 2.007 2.007 2.007 2.007

Total Available Supply 2.017 2.017 2.017 2.017 2.017 2.017

Low Growth 0.815 0.845 0.909 1.033 1.087 1.099 Demand Requirement (no reconciliation options High Growth 0.815 0.856 0.941 1.092 1.173 1.211

Low Growth 1.202 1.172 1.108 0.984 0.930 0.918

Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth 1.202 1.161 1.076 0.925 0.844 0.806

Table 10-2: Future Status with Reconciliation Measures (Million m3/a)

Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Groundwater 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010

Surface Available Supply water 2.007 2.007 2.007 2.007 2.007 2.007

Groundwater 0.865 0.865 0.865 0.865 0.865 0.865

Surface Augmentation Measures water 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total Available Supply 2.882 2.882 2.882 2.882 2.882 2.882

Low Growth 0.815 0.845 0.909 1.033 1.087 1.099 Demand Requirement (no reconciliation options High Growth 0.815 0.856 0.941 1.092 1.173 1.211

Low Growth 0.000 0.008 0.082 0.134 0.141 0.143

WC/WDM measures (Savings) High Growth 0.000 0.009 0.085 0.142 0.153 0.157

Low Growth 2.067 2.045 2.055 1.983 1.936 1.926

Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth 2.067 2.034 2.025 1.932 1.861 1.828

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23 RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR MARBLE HALL TOWN SUPPLY REPORT NO. {1}

4

3

3

2 5% growth in house Mm³/annum connection by 2 2015

1

1 20% growth in Currentlevel house connection of service by 2025 - 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2 012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 20 22 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Year

Augmentation Measures (Groundwater) Surface Water Supply Groundwater Supply Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario ) WC/WDM Measures (Low growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (High growth scenario)

Figure 10-1: Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM measures

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24 RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR MARBLE HALL TOWN SUPPLY REPORT NO. {1}

11 CONCLUSIONS

• Surface water from Loskop Dam is sufficient to meet Marbe Hall town water demands • Groundwater used to augment the surface water supply during surface water supply interruptions. • Groundwater (0.865 Million m3/a) is available to further augment the surface water. • The data confidence in the volumes currently available for supply is low as detail on the pumped volumes was not available at the time of the study. The level of data supporting the groundwater estimate should therefore be improved through the validation and confirmation of existing groundwater use

12 STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS

12.1 Short term

• Before introducing measures to encourage water conservation, it is important to have an accurate set of baseline data against which any progress can be measured. The first priority must therefore be to ensure that there is an adequate network of water meters and accurate readings are recorded on a regular basis. • Develop the Water Conservation and Demand Management plan, with clear performance targets. • The existing boreholes need to be fully developed, metered and monitored to for augmentation purposes.

12.2 Long term

• Monitoring and development of the Water Conservation and Water Demand Management strategy.

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13 REFERENCES [1] GSDM. Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality IDP. (2006-2011)

[2] GSDM. Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality Water Supplies Master Plan. (2007)) April 2007

[3] GSDM. Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality Working WSDP-Draft, (2009)) 2007/2008

[4] GMLM Greater Marble Hall IDP, 2005/2006

[5] LNW Lepelle Northern water, Personal Communication

2010

[6] Marble Hall Marble Hall Water Treatment Plant, Personal Communication WTP

[7] 1:250 000 Regional Geological Map Series. 2429

[8] GRA2 Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (2005), Groundwater Resource Assessment Phase 2. Pretoria

[9] Olifants River Groundwater Reserve Determination for the Olifants River Catchment, Catchment SRK Consulting, Final Report, March 2009.

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