The Improvement Era, 79 South State, Salt Lake City

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Albert Einstein, Scientist Job, Man of F^ifth

February /

In this issue: f^^Z^

_ _ . Improvement The Convergence of Science & Religion

"Einstein had to have the kind of dogged conviction that could have allowed him to say with Job, 'Though ; k yet will I trust in him.' " See page 62. I he slay me, Quality study beyond the bachelors degree at BYU-the student*centered graduate school*

More than 2,500 students are pursuing graduate degrees at BYU, and last year master's and doctor's degrees were awarded to 521 in 46 departments of this highly successful Graduate School. The Graduate Faculty, whose members command national and international reputations, devote personal attention to students in the interest of their professional careers.

Doctoral degrees are now offered in 18 academic departments: Bacteriology Chemistry Engineering French and Italian Geology Graduate Education History Music Psychology Speech and Dramatic Arts Botany Child Development and Family Relationships Germanic, Slavic Languages Graduate Studies in Religious Instruction Physics Spanish and Portuguese Zoology and Entomology Sociology and Anthropology Brigham Young Write to the Dean of the Graduate School, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, for any of the following information: 1968-1969 Graduate School Catalog of courses, requirements University Provo, Utah Application for admission (new students only) Deadline is July 31 Application for readmission

Deadline is July 31 Graduate scholarship and fellowships (3.5 GPA needed) Applications

Due Mar. 1 Information on single or family housing. Cover Note: The Voice of the Church Physicist Albert Einstein and the Old February 1968 Testament prophet Job have become well-recognized symbols of men who Volume 71, Number 2

were deeply concerned with life and

who probed its meaning, each ultimately finding in his search a lasting Special Features faith in God's goodness. 2 Editor's Page: Sermons in a Sentence or Two, President David 0. The search for truth by men of sci- McKay ence and religion is lucidly described in 14 A New Look at the Pearl of Great Price: Part 1, Challenge and Re- "The of Convergence Science and Re- sponse (continued), Dr. Hugh Nibley ligion" on page 62 by Nobel Prize- 26 The Hurricane and Olataga of Samoa, Coy Harmon winning physicist Charles H. Townes. 28 Where Does All the Money Go? Dr. Quinn G. McKay Dr. Townes is not a Latter-day Saint, but 40 Colored photographs of Egyptian Papyri his thoughts on the subject will be of

great interest to members of the 62 The Convergence of Science and Religion, Charles H. Townes Church.

Our cover is related to Dr. Townes' Regular Features article. The portraits of Einstein and 10 Teaching: Contact! Nicholas Van Alfen Job are by Salt Lake artist Dale Kil- bourn, whose artwork has become 22 Genealogy: Major Genealogical Record Sources in Sweden

familiar to Latter-day Saints through 25 Lest We Forget: The Word of Wisdom, Albert L. Zobell, Jr.

the "Be Honest With Yourself" series 49 The Presiding Bishopric's Page: The Presiding Bishop Talks to Youth and the "Signs of the True Church" About Respect, Bishop John H. Vandenberg series. He painted some of the posters 51 The Era Asks About Genealogy in the Church Today in each series. Some of the murals in 58 Today's Family: Do Your Best at the Moment—Then Stand Relaxed, the Arizona Temple Bureau of Informa- Florence B. Pinnock tion at are also him. Mesa by 60 Home, Sweet Home Perhaps readers will be interested to 72 The LDS Scene know that, due to conditions associated 74 The Church Moves On with selecting a suitable cover, the artist could not be given his assignment 76 Buffs and Rebuffs until late one afternoon just two days 78 These Times: The State of Morals, G. Homer Durham

before it was needed for press dead- 80 End of an Era lines. He returned two days later 53, 70, 71, 74 The Spoken Word, Richard L Evans with his portraits of Einstein and Job. We hope readers will enjoy his interpretation of the thought-lined face of Era of Youth Einstein and the wise, serene face 33-48 Marion D. Hanks and Elaine Cannon, Editors of Job.

Fiction, Poetry

4 Journey at Dawn, Eugene A. Hooper, Jr.

10, 68, 70, 75, 80 Poetry

David O. McKay and Richard L. Evans, Editors; Doyle L. Green. Managing Editor; Albert L Zobell, Jr., Research Editor; Mabel Jones Gabbott, Jay M. Todd. Eleanor Knowles, William T. Sykes, Editorial Associates; Florence B. Pinnock, Today's Family Editor; Marion D, Hanks, Era of Youth Editor; Elaine Cannon, Era of Youth Associate Editor; Ralph Reynolds, Art Director; Norman F, Price, Staff Artist.

G. Homer Durham, Franklin S. Harris. Jr., Hugh Nibley, Sidney B. Sperry, Albert L. Payne, Contributing Editors. G. Carlos Smith, Jr., General Manager; Florence S. Jacobsen, Associate General Manager; Verl F. Scott. Business Manager; A, Glen Snarr, Acting Business Manager and Subscription Director; Thayer Evans, S. Glenn Smith. Advertising Representatives.

O General Superintendent, Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 1968, and published by the Mutual Improvement Associations of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. All rights reserved. Subscription price, $3.00 a year, in advance; multiple subscriptions, 2 years, $5.75; 3 years, $8.25; each succeeding year. $2.50 a year added to the three-year price; 35E single copy, except for Official organ of the Priesthood Quorums. Mutual Improvement Associations special issues.

Home Teaching Committee, Music Committee, Church School System, and Entered at the Post Office, Salt Lake City, Utah, as second class matter. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 1103, other agencies of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. act of October 1917, authorized July 2. 1918. The rmpravement Era js not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts but welcomes contributions. Manuscripts are paid for on acceptance and must be accompanied by sufficient postage for delivery and return. Thirty days' notice is required for change of address. When ordering a change, please include address slip from a recent issue of the magazine. Address The Improvement Era, 79 South State, Salt Lake City. Utah 84111 changes cannot be made unless the old address as well as the new one is included.

February 1968 The Editor's Page

Sermons in a By President David O. McKay Sentence or Two

• If you would obtain the highest success and the It is true that self-preservation is the first law of

most contentment of mind, practice in your daily nature, but it is not a law of spiritual growth. He contacts the ideals of the gospel of Jesus Christ. who lets selfishness and his passions rule him binds his soul in slavery, but he who, in the majesty Whatever you have chosen as your profession, do of spiritual strength, uses his physical tendencies your best to excel. and yearnings and his possessions to serve purposes higher than personal indulgence and comfort takes

The thing that a man really believes in his heart is the first step toward the happy and useful life. the thing that he really thinks. What he actually

thinks is the thing he lives. Truly, the time has come, as perhaps never before, when men should counsel together and in wisdom Men do not go beyond their ideals. They often fall determine how the world may be made a better short of them, but they never go beyond them. place in which to live.

I to you that usefulness, With all my heart, say An active, sincere faith in the basic teachings of pleasure, joy, and happiness in this life come by Jesus of Nazareth is the greatest need of the world. following Christ's admonition of seeking first his Because many reject this truth is all the more reason kingdom. why sincere believers should proclaim it.

When the people who call themselves Christian militantly enlist under the leadership of the one to Man needs a rededication to the principles of un- whom they refer as King of the world; when they selfishness. No peace or freedom can come to the accept as facts and not as theories his moral and world as long as men live only for themselves. spiritual teachings; when for selfishness they substitute kindness and thoughtfulness toward others; Obedience to Christ and his laws brings life and when they aggressively defend the principles of true life eternal. liberty, then may we begin to realize the hope that wrong may be abolished, righteousness may be en- throned in human hearts, and honest relations may We cannot truly believe that we are the children become the daily practice of society. Then, and not of God and that God exists without our also believ- until then, will the kingdoms of this world become ing in the final inevitable triumph of truth expressed the kingdom of our God. in the gospel of Jesus Christ.

Improvement Era If you will live in accordance with the humble parenthood, the surest and safest means for the principles under the covenants you made at the improvement of mankind. Marriage is not a cere- water's edge, and since that time that you have made mony to be entered into lightly, to be terminated at in sacrament meetings, and that many of you have pleasure, nor a union to be dissolved at the first made in the House of God, you will fill a noble difficulty that might arise. mission, and God will reward you.

The ability to preserve the home in its purity and

The mission of the Church is to proclaim the truth usefulness is found in The Church of jesus Christ of the restored gospel, to uplift society that people of Latter-day Saints. may mingle more amicably one with another, and to create in our communities a wholesome environment God should be the center of our lives and the lives in which our children may find strength to resist of all in the world. temptation, and encouragement to strive for cultural and spiritual attainment. The Mormon pioneers did not regard drama and the theater as merely a mode of amusement. They

The restored gospel is a rational philosophy that found it as a means of entering into and sharing the teaches men how to get happiness in this life and impulses of the mind and feelings, and thereby in the life to come. establishing in the wilderness a spiritual oasis where the minds and souls of men could be refreshed, God help us to be true to our responsibilities and where men could lose the sense of isolation and to our callings, and especially to the responsibility we loneliness and return to their tasks refreshed and bear as fathers and mothers of the children of Zion with a renewed conviction of solidarity. —heaven's treasures given to us. No outward environment alone can produce man- One never develops character by yielding to wrong. hood. The virtues of life spring from within. Strength comes by resisting!

Right thoughts and feelings, if consistently kept

Nature's law is the survival of the fittest. God's law in the foreground, inevitably lead to right acts. is: Use your personal power and possessions for the advancement and happiness of others. The handsomest youth and the most beautiful maiden may mar their beauty by a morose, cross-

To members of the restored Church, marriage is a tempered disposition or by nursing dissatisfaction divine ordinance and, when directed by intelligent in the soul. O

February 1968 Improvement Era By Eugene A. Hooper, Jr.

TOURNEY Eugene A. Hooper, Jr., a film splicer and shipper in the Church's Genealogical Society, is a former missionary to Fin- land and wrote "Journey at Dawn" to examine how through J#fDAWN the gospel one may find answers to personal dilemmas.

• Kaarlo Maki pulled the thick fur collar of his old man," he said. "Too old to lose my son." coat tighter about his throat and tucked the edge The ticket agent was startled. "Has some- of his black woolen scarf under his fur hat. It thing happened to Matti?" was bitter cold, too cold to be riding a bicycle and Kaarlo bowed his head in humiliation as he too cold for an old man to be away from his stove muttered, "Something terrible. He says he will and hot cereal. His breath froze in ice crystals become a Mormon!" on his moustache and fur collar and made the tiny "It cannot be true! Matti knows better. What red blood vessels zigzag brightly through his is he thinking?" leathery cheeks. Stubbornly, his old legs pushed "I do not know," Kaarlo said, his voice shaking the pedals around, and the tires crunched the with indignation. "This is why I must go to him. snowy crust on the ice. I must stop him before he throws his life away He could have waited until the noon train, but and shames his family." the morning milk train would get him there Kaarlo picked up his ticket and slowly walked faster. He heard the whistle off in the distance out to the waiting train. His heart was heavy as and knew that the train was approaching the he climbed the steps to the coach and found a paper factory. The tall smokestack of the factory seat at the end of the car. The straight wooden was becoming visible in the early morning light back of the seat exercised its discipline, and the of the Finnish February. Its column of white old man braced himself, with his hands clutching smoke rose a few yards above the stack and then the front edge of the seat. The jerking motion bent itself flat to follow the wind to the south of the train rocked Kaarlo from side to side, and horizon, making a white stream in the cold, with each sway his son's name moved his tongue. gray sky. His old mind was bewildered and tired. The ques- Kaarlo was puffing. The coat and two sweaters tions rocked him almost as hard as the train. "Why held the warmth of his old body in and caused him do you do this to me ? Who do you love more than to perspire, but he dared not loosen his collar your old papa?" in the cold. The bleak loneliness of the Finnish winter land- He approached the ancient wooden station and scape reflected no sympathy or feeling of kindness pedaled up to the bicycle rack at the front porch. outside the dimly lit train. Occasionally a small There were already several bicycles locked in the farmhouse would break the cold scene. Kaarlo rack. Some of them were bent and rusty, but began to talk to himself in a quiet mumble. "I am all had the same layer of frost crystals on the like one of those farmhouses, alone in a cold world, handlebars and spokes. Kaarlo's bicycle fit easily and my son is like this train, puffing ahead on his at the end of the rack, and he was glad to climb own steam and passing me by. He will forget me

off and lock it. The spring clamp snapped shut and become trapped by that new religion." when he pulled his leather satchel from the rear Tears weakened his proud old face as he fender. The ice crystals that stood straight out thought of Helmi. Surely, if she were still alive, on the brass lock of the bag turned into drops Matti would not deliberately shame her. Better of water when he entered the warm station. He for her to be dead than grieved by her son. wiped water drops from his moustache and Kaarlo's back hurt against the wooden bench. He loosened his collar and scarf. was chilly and hungry and should not have left his The ticket agent, in a blue uniform, smiled at cottage without eating something. Perhaps he Kaarlo. Kaarlo did not smile back but soberly laid would buy a bowl of broth when he arrived in three one-mark bills on the tray. Oulu. "You look tired this morning, Kaarlo," the ticket He looked at the other passengers in the coach agent offered in sympathetic concern. and wondered if they bore a grief such as his. Kaarlo shrugged his shoulders and felt the Here in Finland, he thought, the people should be weight of his years crowd his strength. "I am an free from strange and harmful ideas of religion.

February 1968 *». . ' ft

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§pi lit li liiip The forests and lakes were close on every hand, and man had but to tend his fields and gather his family to him at evening time. "Matti, my son," he murmured. "Come back here to Kemi and to your papa. You can sell your tools here." The train was coming to a halt at the Oulu station. Kaarlo watched the freight rails clip by, and then he was looking down at the faces on the platform. The train groaned and squealed as the cold steel of tracks and wheels fought each other to a stop. He pulled himself to his feet and limped toward the door. A few people hurried through the car, squeezing past him, and he felt the cold escaping from them. helped him climb off the train, and as he stepped onto the deserted platform, the icy wind grabbed at his face like a claw and stung until he was in the station house. He stood for a few minutes staring across the waiting room. The clock above the ticket window showed 7:30, too late to catch Matti at home and perhaps too early to visit him at his store. The little bags of candy and bowls of fruit at the magazine stand reminded him that he had not prepared a hot breakfast before he left home. A cozy cafe would make a nice place to wait and to think. Before he left the station, he fixed his scarf over his nose and mouth and pulled the fur hat down even with his eyebrows. It was early yet, and men dressed in brown leather work clothes were shoveling dirt onto the icy streets from horse-drawn wagons. Kaarlo left the station and walked to a cafe a few yards ahead. The air inside was steamy and fragrant with the smell of hot soup and cooked mush, and the place was crowded with men joking and eating. He picked up a tray and helped himself to hot stew, black rye bread, and thick butter- milk. The steaming tray was a bit of comfort to his worried mind, and he took his time warming and filling himself. The cold emptiness dissipated gradually, as did the crowd. Then he bundled himself up again and went out into the cold. He crossed the street to the market square where men and women, dressed in gray

Improvement Era

Illustrated by Dale Kilbourn twill and black felt coats and black boots, were into a ball, twisting it in his hand. setting up booths. The white canvas roofs were He dropped on the sofa and stared in hatred badly stained from the weather, and Kaarlo at the torn book. "Cursed book !" he snarled. watched for a while as the wares were hung and A picture of Matti as a soldier hung between arranged under them. Helmi had tended such a pictures of Kaarlo and Helmi on the wall opposite booth in Imatra, selling sauna bath brushes and the sofa. Kaarlo's gaze switched from the book sponges. Until he was old enough for school, Matti to the picture. "How proud and fine a son you used to play around the booths. Kaarlo could re- were in battle for your homeland," he whispered. member Helmi pulling the heavy cart, with Matti "How could such a fine mind like yours be trapped

perched on top of it, up to the shed behind the by a heathen religion?" cottage. He looked back to the torn book on the floor. He shook his head at the memory, and a fresh "What could such a book contain to lure my son?" surge of heaviness filled his soul as he made his The howling of the wind had ceased outside the way across the square and up the street to Matti's window. Kaarlo felt the same emptiness draining apartment. The landlady unlocked the door for his heart as on the cold night when he lost Helmi. him, and he slowly shut it behind him. The place It was during the winter war against Russia. was clean, and the modern furnishings were evi- Helmi had volunteered with the women of the dence of Matti's success in business. town to gather firewood in the forest. It was Kaarlo laid his wraps on a bench by the door dangerous business to comb through the woods

and set his leather satchel down beside it. The so close to the lines of battle in eastern Finland, clock showed the hour of ten. It would be a long and an undetected mine exploded as Helmi and

wait until evening, and he felt the strain of his the cart full of wood passed over it. Kaarlo sent journey. Easing himself into a large chair, he little Matti to be cared for by his sister in Kemi soon slept. on the western coast until the war had ended. To He awoke in mid-afternoon to the whistle of the return to Imatra without Helmi seemed unthink- howling wind. The whirl of white outside the able, and so Kaarlo also moved to Kemi. window bleached the view and softened the after- Now he again felt a destructive force invading noon light. He stretched himself as much as his his family. bent limbs would allow and rose from the chair. "I must save my son !" he cried. "I'll expose this He felt rested in body but his soul was growing enemy and make Matti see its danger!" more restless as he saw the hour nearing three. He rose tremblingly and walked to where the

The hard business of waiting confused his think- book lay. Bending down, he picked it up and ing, and a dozen dialogues passed through his carried it back to the desk. His shaking fingers mind, each one growing more bitter as he argued smoothed the crumpled pages and opened them to with his son until he was shouting and cursing the first chapter. The old eyes bowed closer to within himself. The gnarled old hand wiped the the book and squinted until the words found clar- sweat from his forehead. ity. "I, Nephi, having been born of goodly ." "What will I say to my son?" he muttered, and parents. . . The words caught in his throat. shrugged his shoulders in bewilderment. "Matti, haven't you been born of goodly parents ?" He walked to the desk and switched on the he cried aloud. lamp. His eyes scanned the shelves and stopped. "Of course I have, Papa." For a moment he was stunned with bitterness; Kaarlo turned toward the door. Matti was then his anger mounted. He stretched out his brushing the snow from his coat and beaming at trembling hand, grabbed the book by its front the sight of his father. cover, and flung it wildly across the room. The "When did you come, Papa? You shouldn't be title page remained in his grip. He spat on the out in a storm like this." words "Book of Mormon" and crushed the sheet Kaarlo's voice was trembling as he struggled

February 1968 !

felt relaxed as he listened with pride as his son reviewed the success of his store. A man so wise and successful as Matti should not be easily trapped by nonsense, Kaarlo thought. Perhaps this thing was not nonsense or foolishness, but certainly it was evil and deceiving. Matti rose and began to clear the table. "The Americans come in half an hour, Papa. You will like them, you'll see." Kaarlo shook his head. "I go to bed. You send them away if you love your papa and your homeland." Matti felt his father's words bite into the joy of his new faith. "Let me help you into bed, Papa." Matti shut the door between the living room and the bedroom. He stood for a moment with head bowed and hands clasped. The prayer for the understanding of his father was short and simple. As he opened his eyes he saw the crumpled page on the floor and the closed book to address his son. "Ah, the storm, the storm on the sofa. It is not so bad as this enemy which seeks to tear "What could make Papa hate it so much?" you from your own papa!" He waved the book in If anyone were ever alone and needing comfort front of him. and faith, Matti knew it must be his father. The "Papa, what do you mean? I am not being torn stubbornness against change and the lack of en- from you. I want you to hear about the most thusiasm for life must be conquered, but how? rewarding news I've been blessed to receive!" He heard the missionaries getting off the

"I will not hear of it!" Kaarlo exclaimed. elevator and hurried to the door to open it as they Matti let his coat and hat drop over his father's rang. The two young men brushed the snow off, wraps on the bench. their red faces shining with wide smiles as Matti "The cold and dark make us cross and hungry. welcomed them inside. They joked and laughed Let me make a warm supper for you, Papa." about the cold weather before getting down to Kaarlo nodded and settled back down onto the business. Matti felt the strength of their spirit sofa. "Rewarding news, hah! Who brings this pour into his own new testimony as he visited news that shades your eyes?" with them. How he wished that his father could Matti came into the living room with a sack of join in this happiness and light! rice in his hands. "Two Americans who are fine Elder Davis cleared his throat and asked Matti young men sent by the Lord. They will call on if he would like to open their meeting with prayer. me tonight. I want you to meet them." The request caught him off guard, but he knelt "No!" Kaarlo shook his head. "I will not see with the elders and began to pray. As he prayed he them." thought of his father lying in the dark, alone ", Matti shrugged his shoulders and turned back and bitter. . . and bless my father that he into the kitchen. Kaarlo's grip tightened on the may accept and understand thy truths, which I book until his knuckles were white; then he laid must take upon myself." it on the sofa and went into the kitchen. The meal He finished the prayer and sat down. The was hot and satisfying to the old man. His nerves missionaries were visibly touched by the sincerity

Improvement Era of the prayer, and Elder Davis inquired about added his testimony. Kaarlo heard him declare Matti's father. that he knew that families would be reunited and Kaarlo lay in the darkness trying to shut out resurrected to live in the vigor of their manhood the conversation in the next room. The more he and the beauty of their womanhood in the presence fought it, the more he had to listen. of God, if they accepted God's plan here on earth. "Brother Maki, we've had a change in your The statement struck Kaarlo like a bolt of baptismal arrangements," the missionary was lightning. "My Helmi alive and waiting for me?" saying. His heart was pounding. "Can it be true?" he "Good, good!" Kaarlo, in the next room, whis- whispered. pered to himself. How much longer the missionaries stayed was

The elder continued : "How would you like to be unknown to Kaarlo. His mind was held captive baptized tomorrow afternoon rather than next by the memory of his lovely Helmi. How was her week?" hair fixed ? In a braid, a bun, or flowing over her Kaarlo was rocked by panic. "Say no! Never!" shoulder? Yes, yes, that was it—long and lovely he shouted within himself. and golden as the sun-warmed wheat. Her eyes "The reason for the change," Elder Davis con- were blue as the summer sky is blue, and her skin, tinued, "is that the swimming hall has been re- clear and pink. Was he crying? The tears scheduled for competition next week. We have trickled down his cheeks. Wonderful, gay Helmi! the portable font coming on the midnight train Remember how she proudly stood in the door of from Pori, and we can set it up in the chapel the little cottage by the lake and presented him tomorrow." with his tiny son as he returned from the logging Matti looked toward the bedroom door and then camp? There she is now, standing on the little back to the elders. "What time shall I meet you boat dock at the lake with the picnic basket in one at the chapel?" arm and Matti in the other. How full of life and The tears shone in the eyes of Elders Davis and youth and joy she is, with the warmth of summer Clark as smiles of gratitude spread across their all about her. The old man stretched forth his faces. Kaarlo's heart was sinking in hurt and arms to enfold her tenderly. It was as if she bitterness. The dark room seemed to be closing were there, vibrant and sweet, in the room with tighter about him as he felt Helmi and now Matti him now. fading out of his life forever. Then came the ravages of war, and in the white "Is there anything you would like to ask or and empty bleakness of the winter forest she was review before we get into, our discussion?" Elder gone. Kaarlo felt himself standing in the little Davis asked. cemetery by the church as her coffin was slowly

Matti thought for a moment. "Yes, there is. I'd lifted from the cart and placed in the frozen like you to review the journey of man through the ground. The gray wooden box disappeared be- Lord's plan of eternal life." neath the dirt and snow. "Helmi !" the old man !" "The journey of man indeed !" Kaarlo coughed. cried. "We had so little time Elder Clark set up his flannel board and pro- The voice of Elder Davis rang clear in his mind: ". cee'ded to explain the plan of salvation as out- . . and live in the beauty of their womanhood lined in the scriptures. Matti answered the forever." questions with accuracy. "Is it true, is it true?" Kaarlo kept asking, as The whole story was inconceivable to Kaarlo. he tossed and turned all night. First Helmi, then Why, even the priest had declared at Helmi's the book he had torn, and then Matti danced be- funeral that her spirit would rest forever in that fore his vision through the long hours. great beyond while her body remained forever in Perhaps he slept and dreamed—he could not the ground. tell ; but the dull aching in his back and shoulders As Elder Clark finished the review, Elder Davis reminded him that he had not rested. He sat

February 1968 up slowly and rested on the edge of the bed. The Matti set the tray on Kaarlo's lap and watched room was still dark, but he shuffled his way to the while the old man ate the hot mush. "Papa," he window and parted the drapes. The air was clear hesitated, "I will be baptized today into the Mor- and the scene still and sharp. He glanced toward mon Church." the clear black of the sky; the few stars that Kaarlo nodded his head. "I know. I heard your remained in the pre-dawn were brilliant. The American friends speak of it last night." pureness of the night flowed into his soul and Matti watched his father's eyes carefully, but sharpened the longing he felt for Helmi. He stared he could not read the expression behind them. at the sky. "Papa, I don't mean to hurt you or bring you "Oh, tell me," he cried, "is it true what the shame, but I have to join the Mormons. I know Americans say?" It was the first time he had that they speak the truth." ever called upon any divine being. He stumbled The old man searched his son's face before back to the bed and fell exhausted upon it. . . . speaking. "You have been a good son, always, Matti threw back the covers and swung his and you have never been dishonest with your feet into his slippers before the alarm went off. papa. Are you sure that this new religion is Today he would be baptized and take his first step the truth?" toward the kingdom of God ! He was excited and "Yes, Papa, I am sure." happy; then he remembered his father's bitter- "Then I must ask you something else. Last ness. The worry he felt edged out the joy and night the Americans said we live in youth and left him troubled as he washed and dressed. Be- fineness with God in a future life. Is my Helmi fore he left his room, he knelt down by the side really there, alive and waiting?" of his bed and prayed. The earnestness with which Kaarlo spoke "Please, Father in heaven, help Papa to under- tugged at Matti's heart. With joyful faith he stand what I must do." Peace returned to his answered, "Oh, yes! Don't you see, Papa? I have heart as he rose from his knees and went into the prayed that the Lord would bless you with under- !" kitchen. He fixed a breakfast tray and carried it standing, and he has answered my prayers into his father. "I know," Kaarlo said. "I have prayed too, and Kaarlo opened his eyes as his son entered the someday, perhaps, I shall be baptized a Mormon, !" room. "You bring your old papa his breakfast if they have room for an old man in bed? You are a good son." Matti lifted the tray and smiled at his father "It's been a long time since I did something with a twinkle in his eye. good for you, Papa." "You know, Papa? I too have been born of !" "Nonsense! You're always good to me." goodly parents O

Feminine Agenda By Mildred Ann Bazan

Although I'm aware it's the hour for sleep, Some pertinent rendezvous I've yet to keep: A chapter of Bronte, a diary page, This week's computation of my sitting wage, Tivo minutes of whirl in a dress that is new (One must know beforehand what box pleats will do), One hundred strokes of the brush to my hair, And, last and best, meeting with God, in prayer!

10 Improvement Era !

Teaching

Conducted by the Church School System

*' Illustrated by Dale Kilboutn ONTACT By Nicholas Van Alfen

JnsiSut&'df Religion Instructor, Ogden, Utah

• The dawn was beginning to air. Their comrades on the pilot in the plane waiting in an- chase the night shadows from a ground gripped the propeller ticipation during these urgent United States airstrip in France blades of the planes and shouted, situations was an all-important on the first of August 1917, as "Contact!" Immediately a vigor- factor. There were times of great the warning was flashed of ap- ous pull on a blade brought the concern when the shout "Con- proaching enemy planes. Ameri- welcome but deafening roar of tact!" and a pull on the pro- can fighter pilots soon were a powerful engine. Soon the peller did not bring the roar bursting from the barracks, run- planes were rising into the dawn of the motor because of some ning in several directions. As the to meet the challenge. malfunction. pilots settled into their cockpits, A successful point of contact As if on an airstrip, a teacher they anxiously waited to hear the between the man on the ground stands before his class; the keyword pierce the crisp morning controlling the propellers and the students are seated—the "switch"

February 1968 11 "To pass on unfounded, hearsay stories of a sensational nature ... is poor teaching."

is on. The hour is extremely class is like standing before In a teacher's life there should important, because there are receiving stations that have their be a minimum of drawn shades young lives looking to him for a dials variously set. It is the between himself and his students. meaningful experience. The teach- teacher's challenge to influence There cannot be much meaning- er may fail to pull the "propeller the class to tune in to the pro- ful contact with a group of stu- blade," however, because the hour gram he has prepared for that dents when a teacher does not seems too long for the little hour. penetrate beyond the shadows preparation he has, so he delays I remember, when I was a boy, where the real person is to be the takeoff. The result is that a small, well-worn frame house in found. there is no meaningful contact. which lived an old man who For example, a good relation- When a teacher vacillates by always kept the window shades ship between a mother and her spending too much time on non- pulled down. We children were children exhibits a most basic contributing details, such as a afraid to go near it. No one principle of successful teaching. lengthy roll call, which could be could see in, and we supposed This principle is her uninhibited handled another way, or rambling that he did not see out. He came love for her children, which she about in an attempt to be enter- out of his house only after dark manifests in her concern, pa- taining, he does not instill the to walk around the block a few tience, and persistence. Her feeling of a planned program in times. Our parents had little contact with her children is on a the minds of his students. Stu- trouble getting us to come in just feeling level; thus, her little dents will sit in anticipation at before dark each evening, even "class" has full confidence in the feet of a teacher who knows though the old man never hurt their "teacher." In all teaching where he is going and gets on his anyone. Then one very cold day situations, the feeling contact way. A good teacher is eager to they found him dead in his small, leaves the most enduring im-

present his material and is enclosed-in world. People knew his pression. thusiastic about what he has to name but that was all. The use of imagination is an offer. Very few people live alone in excellent point of contact. For All of us are searching to find little frame houses with drawn example, the beauty of a gem is contact with the meaningful shades. Many people, however, not enhanced by exhibiting it in things that give life the spark and do live alone with their problems, the palm of the hand; its true purpose it should have. It is then which are often very serious and beauty is even inhibited in such that we soar above mundane sad. Sometimes even parents are a situation. But this same stone thoughts and mundane living. The not aware of their own children's displayed in a lovely setting in- point of contact found by stu- problems, because they are so creases in value to the eye and dents in a meaningful experience busy with other things. seems more desirable. in a classroom may prove to be Students often have a drawn The same is true of a meaning- a turning point in their lives. By shade covering their problems. ful gem of life that possibly could finding the points of contact in Teachers may be unaware of the remain in a vague stage because the lives of class members, a heartaches of a student sitting of inadequate explanation. Dis- teacher can become the architect only three feet away in a class- playing life's values in word pic- of many souls through the use of room. The only way we will ever tures, stories, and illustrations proper methods and knowledge. know that others are sad and makes them more real, vivid, and Students become involved only may need help is for us to even- meaningful in life's situations, when a teacher's lesson enters tually raise by personal interest and the desire to possess such into the orbit of their experience. that shade which is dividing their values is stimulated. A teacher can pull on the pro- problems from o'ur perception. To illustrate, consider the fol- peller blade of nonlife-related Only then will we be able to con- lowing: A honeybee moves from material for an hour and not even tact each other heart-to-heart as flower to flower and plant to get a sputter. Standing before a well as eye-to-eye. plant. Some of these plants are

12 Improvement Era bitter to the taste, while others ask himself, "Is what I am going in which I lived gathered in an are sweet. The bee only extracts to teach reasonable? Does it fit early morning session prior to the and stores the sweet that blesses into the total pattern of the general meeting of our stake con- mankind. So it should be with teachings of the Church, the ference. Among other business us. Out of the variety of life's New Testament, and modern taken up, we learned from our experiences, one must store only scriptures? Do I understand visiting General Authority that the sweet to become part of him. what I am talking about? Am I the presiding brethren were some- If we choose, we may also store dabbling in the 'so-what' areas?" what concerned about a rash of the bitter in our souls as we walk A teacher who is not mindful such stories abounding at the through life, seeing only the ugly of these questions may short time. This member of the Gen- and wrong and developing a sick- circuit some of the lives of his eral Authorities told us that he ness of soul that leads to spiritual students through his contact with had been assigned to ascertain if death. student thinking by adding to the there were validity to the inci- Word pictures leave lasting im- already present problem about dents described. He had not sup- pressions. The story of the Prodi- religion that students have in ceeded up to that time because gal Son has special meaning to some areas of their college the persons supposedly involved fathers who find contact with the education. in such stories were unidentified, story or to sons who find them- Sensationalism may gain the There was one case in which selves personally involved. Equal- temporary interest of a class, but the principal person in such a ly effective are the stories of it is a poor substitute for a realis- story was named, but when this the Good Samaritan, the Sower, tic and rational approach to person was approached he was the woman found in adultery, and religion and life. To become ab- quite amused because he knew many others. These and other sorbed in the speculative, to teach nothing about it. The visiting qualities made Christ the Master the future as if it has been blue- brother clearly indicated that we Teacher, after whom we try to printed in detail by the prophets as leaders in the stake should pattern our teaching. of the past, is not the true image strongly discourage these things. Men and women who teach, that should represent religion in Teachers who are responsible for however, should not go on and on the lives of young people. To directing the minds of others borrowing from the Master alone seek contact with student minds must also avoid such speculative but should become imaginative through passing on unfounded, and unfounded stories. The and creative in their own right, hearsay stories of a sensational Apostle Paul said to the Church Just as Christ's source was the nature, involving supposed experi- in his day, "Prove all things; hold world around him, so should our ences by this or that person who fast that which is good." (I Thess. modern world and experiences be is never present for verification, 5:21.) rich sources for stories and illus- is poor teaching. We have a lofty image of men trations that will contact lives. One would have to stretch his who can heal the body or send a The days of witch hunting, imagination enormously to accept spacecraft to distant planets, and superstition, and ignorance have some of the stories that caught these achievements are important, yielded to human progress and fire sometime ago about the Among the most precious assets divine revelation. Young people Three Nephites. One or all, de- of society, however, are effective today have the advantage of being pending upon the story, were teachers who develop young exposed to education and critical supposed to be hitchhiking on the minds. The men and women who thinking. Continuing education highways delivering messages of have paid the price to become is refining the thought processes warning to this generation of the successful architects of the soul of our developing youth to the Church through considerate driv- through making meaningful con- point where they want rational ers who had given them rides, tacts with young lives are the answers. Every time a teacher During this period the bishoprics hope of our future generations of religion faces a class, he must and high councilors of the stake in the Church. O

February 1968 13 A New Look at the Pearl of Great Price

By Dr. Hugh Nibley

Part I. Challenge and Response (Continued)

Amateurs All • The ever-increasing scope of knowledge necessary to cope gives rise can be even worse, a quack being anybody posing with the great problems of our day has led to increasing as an authority—a shadow of a shadow. There is a place emphasis on a maxim that would have sounded very strange in the world for professionalism and even for "authority" only a few years ago: "There are no fields—there are only in science, as Thomas S. Kuhn has explained at great length; problems!"—meaning that one must bring to the discussion every field has its "paradigms" that must be mastered and solution of any given problem whatever is required to thoroughly so that they can be used as tools, quickly, deftly, understand it: If the problem calls for a special mathematics, with unconscious skill, in the processes of problem solving. one must get it; if it calls for three or four languages, one The expert is one who knows how to use those tools, and must get them; if it takes 20 years, one must be prepared because the Doctors have not chosen to use their knowledge to give it 20 years—or else shift to some other problem. in a serious study of the Pearl of Great Price, it does not

Degrees and credentials are largely irrelevant where a prob- follow that such knowledge is not important for such lem calls for more information than any one department study—rather, it is indispensable. can supply or than can be packaged into any one or a dozen Any ancient text is utterly without meaning to one who degrees. does not know the language in which it is written. Egyp- Now the Pearl of Great Price presents a number of big tian, however, being written in pictures, has been held problems with which no Egyptologist has ever coped. A to enjoy a unique status among the mysteries. Away back knowledge of Egyptian is the first step toward a solution of in the fifth century Horapollon had the idea that by such problems, but it is by no means the last. Still, first attributing a symbolic meaning to each little picture and things come first: "Ancient Egypt," wrote one of the earliest putting the symbols together, one could discover the mean- modern researchers in the field, "is accessible only to a ing of any Egyptian text. This theory was adhered to by small number, because of the length and the difficulties would-be translators of Egyptian right down to the time of of the initiation into the language of the hieroglyphs. . . . Champollion, and it still has its advocates among Latter-day

But can a historian . . . renounce the direct examination of Saints who would discover ever-new secrets in the Fac- the original documents, which become every day more similes and identify battered Indian rock-carvings with varied and more numerous, without violating the first rule Egyptian glyphs. of his discipline?" 42 The attempt to give one's own interpretation to picture-

Like it or not, we are stuck with Egyptian, and it is only writing is hard to resist. At the general conference in fair to note, in defense of the specialists, that if authori- April 1967, for example, somebody circulated a mimeo- tarianism can be a great mischief, the quackery to which it graphed document bearing the frank and forthright title,

14 Improvement Era And though he denied

that his brochure was "circulated

especially among the students of Latter-day

Saint high schools,"

he did admit putting it in the hands

of those who would see

that it got there.

"Why Would Anyone Want to Fight the Truth?" The hazard. 44 The air of mystery and romance that has always

"truth" in this case consisted of the author's common-sense surrounded things Egyptian has never failed to attract swarms observations on the nature of Egyptian, such as, that an of crackpots, cultists, half-baked scholars, self- certified ex-

Egyptian symbol written with four elements "could be no perts, and out-and-out charlatans. The poor Egyptologist, more than a single Egyptian word." But ancient languages constantly confronted with such characters and their antics, have a way of ignoring our modern common-sense rules; is understandably on his guard, quick to suspect and ever the Egyptians in particular had an incurable weakness for alert to the slightest signs of wishful thinking or free and

abbreviations, omissions, transpositions, puns, and crypto- easy logic. At the same time every Egyptologist is something grams, and their writings are full of signs which, even of a crusader who feels bound to foster and encourage inter- when we know their meaning (which is by no means est in his important but neglected field; he is naturally and always the case), require at least a sentence or two to humanely hesitant to give any sincere seeker the brushoff, explain them. Anyone is free to guess at the meaning of or to offend any possible future donor or patron of his art. any Egyptian phrase, and one of the most picturesque as- In addition, the Egyptologist is himself a romantic at heart, pects of the discipline is a process that never ceases, day or else he would never have chosen such a field for himself, and night, year in and year out, by which Egyptologists are and has a secret and sometimes rather obvious kinship with constantly altering and improving on each other's trans- the glamor hunters. That, of course, makes him even more lations. But one is not free to present his interpretation circumspect in his behavior; he can't afford to get involved as "The Truth," and then ask in hurt and accusing tones, or identified with such creatures, he shies like a thorough- "Why Would Anyone Want to Fight the Truth?" "I have bred horse at every rag and tatter of nonsense in the breeze, acted upon a principle to which I attach the greatest im- and he avoids religious controversies like death itself. To portance," wrote A. H. Gardiner, the dean of Egyptian expect a sympathetic word for Joseph Smith from such grammarians; "even a wrong idea is better than no idea people is, of course, asking too much—a serious Egyptologist at all, and progress in translation can only come by pre- just can't risk it. Even to display too lively an interest in 43 senting to the critics some definite objective to tilt at." So the Pearl of Great Price or the Book of Mormon has been far was he from thinking that the experts ever have a known to jeopardize one's professional standing. corner on truth! Bishop Spalding Prepares His Surprise

The specialists, however, can hardly be blamed for hesi- Bishop Spalding is described by those who knew him as tating to become involved in arguments with just anybody, a charming man, a convincing speaker, "a controversialist for they are daunted by a peculiarly insidious occupational by nature," 45 an enthusiastic intellectual who "follows

February 1968 15 —a

those who go to the farthest frontiers of research in modern, "Much of Bishop Spalding's work," according to the inter-

or higher, criticism . . . and fearlessly accepts the results view in the Times, "was done in the Metropolitan Museum of that school of thought," 40 an ardent social reformer who, of Art in this city." 53 This suggests that the final scheme while urging the Mormons to come over to his one "his- took shape only after a number of other approaches had toric faith," regrets that the same Mormons are actually proven ineffectual. Many a better scholar than Dr. Spalding doing what he only wishes his own people would do in the has discovered that the revelations of Joseph Smith that way of organized activity, while he labors "to help 'sweep look so delightfully vulnerable at first sight become more and garnish' the house of faith with the whisk broom of difficult to refute the more carefully one studies them. "The 47 Marxian sophistries." Bishop, it is said, gave a liberal portion of his time and This man simply could not square the supernaturalist thought for some years to this literary production, fully claims of Joseph Smith with the enlightened thinking of expecting that when it should appear in print, it would

1912. He made such a show of fair play and was so diligent signal the end of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day in procuring the support of the most eminent scholars in Saints." 54 To compile the little book of but eight very brief putting the Prophet to the test that even B. H. Roberts letters would take no very great amount of time or effort felt constrained to confess, "his method ... is entirely what was Dr. Spalding doing all those years? That his 48 legitimate, and the spirit of it [is] irreproachable." long and zealous labors should have brought forth so little

But others, taking a closer look, were not so sure: is in itself a strong point in Joseph Smith's favor.

". But Spalding made the best psychological use of the . . while the bishop appears to treat his subject with little that he had (an old game with ministers), catching fairness," wrote Osborne J. P. Widtsoe, "[and] while he tries to impress his reader with his openness, his frankness, the Mormons completely off guard when he finally "fired his candor, his honesty, yet his every argument is based [his] broadside at us," as Professor N. L. Nelson put it: ". . . think, man," he wrote to his old friend, the bishop, upon some unfair implication, some false premise. . . . 49 His fairness is but surface deep." This grave charge is "of the 'imprudence' of it! without a declaration of war, fully borne out in an interview published in the New York and in a time of profound peace." Dr. Spalding was

Times, in which the bishop's magnanimous spirit of love counting on just that surprise to spread dismay and con- and affection for the Mormons takes on a decidedly greenish fusion, but though the burst was impressive, "as regards tinge: three-fourths of us, the effect was purely spectacular— 55 "The breaking up of Mormonism through the desertion compound of smoke and noise." of the intellectual part of its membership is the failure for Spalding's avowed purpose was to save "thousands of the Prophet Smith's church which Bishop Spalding foresees. young men and women" from "the hopelessly illogical,

It is for that reason that he prefers to address the Mormons untruthful, unspiritual, and immoral system of Joseph 56 as his friends rather than to attack them." 50 Smith, Jr." And though he denied that his brochure was "circulated especially among the students of the Latter-day Spalding's friend, Dr. Frederick J. Pack, perceived the wily stratagem thus freely admitted by Bishop Spalding Saint high schools," he did admit putting it in the hands 57 when he was far away from Utah, and commented on its of those who would see that it got there. The appeal to

". intellectual honesty without any insistence on hard study effectiveness: . . the apparent fairness shown by Dr. Spalding made far into the ranks of the Latter-day Saints can always count on having some effect among those who a well prepared path along which the conclusions of his wish to be thought intellectual, and R. C. Webb noted article might readily follow." 51 And when a banker friend that the Spalding plan capitalized on that snob appeal 58 from the East asked the good bishop, "Why not leave the which is never lost in academic circles. Hence it was not

Mormons alone?" he replied, "Well, I must feel about surprising that when a valedictory speaker at the University their acceptance of what is intellectually and morally un- of Utah two years later issued the routine call for greater true, just as you would feel if you knew a group of people freedom of thought, his boldness was nationally advertised 52 a visiting professor to the university as the direct fruit were coining . . . counterfeit money." If Dr. Spalding by had ever heard of the Constitution, which explicitly proof Spalding's demonstration to the Mormons that "one of 59 vides that holding a wrong opinion about anything is not their sacred books is spurious." Miffed when the Mormons

a crime, as counterfeiting is, he still could not, for all his refused to lie down because he said "bang," Bishop Spalding vaunted liberalism, stand the thought that a religion whose declared that his project "has become not only a test of teachings he believed to be false should be permitted to the competency of the First Presidency of the Church, but stay in operation. also of the reliability of the present head of the church," As he went about with his sweet strategic smile ("He since the latter had been unwise enough to believe Joseph 60 writes to the Mormons in a kindly mood," says the Times), Smith instead of Spalding's experts. But it is high time the bishop was working hard on his demolition project. to take a closer look at the famous test.

16 Improvement Era "Just the Test We Need" of what he supposed its meaning to be," since nobody in 65 The Reverend Spalding's book is dedicated "To my many America could really read the stuff. Orson Pratt put it Mormon friends—who are as honest searchers after the differently: "Mr. C [handler] had also obtained from

truth" as he hopes he is himself. This humane and generous learned men the best translation he could of some few

approach caught the Mormons off guard, as it was meant characters, which however, was not a translation, but more

to do. "The manifest fairness of the inquiry and the appar- in the shape of their ideas with regard to it, their acquaint-

ently well founded conclusions," wrote Professor Pack, ance with the language not being sufficient to enable them 66 "came as somewhat of a surprise to the 'Mormon' people," to translate it literally." 61 who were not accustomed to the soft sell. The book opens Strangely enough, this last statement exactly fits Dr.

with the magnanimous admission that others have been Spalding's own eight experts, as we shall see. But whatever impetuous, ill-informed, discourteous, and unfair in judging the competence of the informants, in Chandler's day or

the Mormons, and that the time has come for a cool, fair- Spalding's, the point here is that it is Joseph Smith who

minded, objective testing of the claims of the Prophet. In actually suggests and carries out the very test the bishop

particular, the Book of Mormon "has never had the serious devised. It was also Joseph Smith's idea, it will be recalled, 02 examination which its importance demands." To correct this oversight, the author then launches into as rigged and

spurious a test of prophetic inspiration as was ever devised "We have at our disposal by the Scribes and Pharisees. all the necessary resources Beginning with the statement, "If the Book of Mormon

is true, it is, next to the Bible, the most important book in for making

the world," Spalding notes that no definitive test of that an almost foolproof test." book's authenticity is possible at this time, but suggests

that it would be quite possible to test Joseph Smith's com-

petence as a translator by examining not the Book of Mor- to submit copies of the original writing from the plates of

mon but another of his translations, that contained in the the Book of Mormon to the best scholars in America for Pearl of Great Price under the title of the Book of Abraham. their frank opinion. Granted again that nobody could read

In this document, according to Bishop Spalding, "we have the "Anthon Transcript" either then or today, it was still just the test we need of Joseph Smith's accuracy as a trans- very important for the leading antiquarians in the country 03 lator." to be given a chance to speak their piece, lest the world say

And he is right. Here we have at our disposal all the forever after: "Joseph Smith never dared to show his mythi-

necessary resources for making an almost foolproof test. cal manuscript to real scholars; he never gave the experts a

Moreover, it was Joseph Smith himself who first proposed chance to express an opinion about it!" Whatever opinions

and submitted to the test. When the papyri of the Book of Professor Anthon expressed about the transcript, his letters Abraham first came into his hands, the Prophet, having show that he was indeed given ample opportunity to study learned that their owner, Michael H. Chandler, had gone the characters and express an opinion about them.

out of his way to solicit the opinions of the experts in the The Prophet Joseph, then, is willing enough to undergo

big cities where he had exhibited his mummies, went into the most objective tests, but Bishop Spalding will not let a room by himself and wrote out his interpretation of some him! The least the latter could have done would have been of the symbols; then he invited Mr. Chandler to compare to follow the classic procedure used in the vindication of what he had written with the opinions of "the most the cuneiform scholars many years before. In 1857 that

learned." Chandler did so, and was properly impressed, same Ernest Renan who was loudly declaring Jesus to be a voluntarily giving Joseph Smith a signed statement: myth was telling the public that nobody could read cunei-

". . . to make known to all who may be desirous, con- form—that the Assyriologists were simply fooling themselves cerning the knowledge of Mr. Joseph Smith, Jun., in de- and others. So to* put everyone's mind at ease, Sir George ciphering the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic characters in Grote sent a cuneiform text to four scholars, requesting my possession, which I have, in many eminent cities, showed each one to give his interpretation of the thing; then it was to the most learned; and, from the information that I could a simple matter to compare the answers and let the public ever learn, or meet with, I find that of Mr. Joseph Smith, decide whether these men really knew what they were

Jun., to correspond in the most minute matters. [Signed:] doing or not. 67 Michael H. Chandler." 04 This was obviously the procedure indicated for dealing Parley P. Pratt suggests that Chandler might have "on with the Facsimiles. Joseph Smith had given his interpre- one occasion met with an individual who was enabled to tation of the three ancient Egyptian documents and had decipher a small portion, or, at least, to give an opinion challenged the world to give its own interpretation of the

February 1968 17 same. So one had only to do what Sir George did, that is, the letter that set up the experiment and determined the send the three Facsimiles from the Pearl of Great Price to state of mind in which each of the participants approached various Egyptologists without comment, requesting each one the problem. "This inquiry you claim to be of transcendent to give his interpretation of them. Then Bishop Spalding importance to the world," wrote Dr. John A. Widtsoe to

could open the envelopes publicly and invite the world to Bishop Spalding later. "If you are sincere in this . . . you compare the readings of the experts with each other and certainly would not be ready to pronounce final judgment with Smith's ideas. What could be fairer and simpler? on the basis of eight or eleven letters written in answer to, Joseph Smith had put all the ingredients for a clear and only Heaven knows, what questions you propounded." 72 foolproof test into Spalding's hands, and even shown him (Italics added.) As a scientist, Dr. Widtsoe knew that the how to go about it—and Spalding threw it all away! R. C. most important thing in writing up an experiment is a ". Webb observed, . . it might have occurred to an 'honest minute and accurate account of the exact procedure followed searcher after truth,' ... to have removed the captions from —and that is precisely the part of the report that Dr. these figures. . . . Such an 'honest searcher' should have Spalding chose to omit. known perfectly well that 'scholars' would object to and Whatever the covering letter said (and none was ever " 68 denounce Smith as a 'scab translator.' That is, it was absolutely imperative to get the experts' opinions before showing them Smith's answer, just as the Prophet had "... it is strange indeed handed his interpretations to Chandler before he knew what the others had said, leaving it to Mr. Chandler to compare that the most important letter them. .' : of all is missing. . . But instead of calmly asking each scholar for his reading and then letting the public judge for itself, Bishop

Spalding, as he reports it, sent "the original texts, together with his [Smith's] interpretations ... to competent schol- made public), it or they completely destroyed that atmo- ars," with the idea that "if they declared his translation to sphere of cool and detached impartiality which Dr. Spalding 69 be correct, then it must be accepted as true." The ques- declared himself so anxious to achieve. Dr. Mercer, the tion put to the specialists was not "What is your interpre- leader of the band, admits that "ill-temper was shown" tation of these things?" but instead, "Here is what the and that "several of the scholars were disgusted— at what notorious Joseph Smith says about these Egyptian docu- they sincerely believed to be an imposition 'righteous 73 ments; is he right or wrong?" Stating the question thus wrath,' perhaps." But he insists —that religion has nothing not only made it very easy for the doctors to answer with to do with this righteous wrath "the letters were not 74 a terse "yes" or "no," but also carefully set the stage to prejudiced," and he testifies as one of the jury "that avoid any possible danger that one of the correspondents Bishop Spalding did not in any way, either intentionally or might in an unguarded moment drop a word in favor of unintentionally, prejudice the witnesses." 75 All he had to do Smith. Professor Pack observed that since Bishop Spalding to prejudice the whole company was simply to mention "has evidently written for opinions to a large number of the name of Joseph Smith, but no, these men, though three scholars" it might be in order to ask whether any replies of them are ministers of Spalding's church, expressed only "a more or less favorable to Joseph Smith had been withheld, scorn which was due to the crudeness of the linguistic work

"whether any disharmonious statements may have been of the Prophet. . . . They condemned it purely on linguis- received and not published," since the published letters are tic grounds." 70 To labor the point, since Mercer admits 70 very few and very brief. Even with such precautions, the that it is a very important one, "the animus evident in the bishop does not trust his jury, but prefaces their remarks communications of Sayce and Petrie is purely because of with 17 pages of elaborate argument to demonstrate the linguistic, and not because of religious reasons." 77 Why impossibility of Joseph Smith's being a true prophet no linguistic animus in a field in which the experts are con- matter what the experts may say. stantly correcting each other's translations? Is scientific

Of the letters that make up his book, Dr. Spalding re- animus any less prejudiced than religious animus? Mercer ports: "It seemed necessary ... to copy in full the letters from isn't kidding anybody: by bringing Joseph Smith into the 71 the experts exactly as I secured them." With such meticu- picture from the very first, Bishop Spalding effectively lous and commendable care to see that the reader knows just loaded the dice—from then on only one game was possible. what is going on, it is strange indeed that the most important letter of all is missing, namely, the covering letter that Some Basic Misconceptions went with the request for an opinion from each of the Not only do all of Spalding's jury labor under certain authorities. For that is the letter to which they are replying, serious misconceptions, but their verdict is in every case

18 Improvement Era Important and stimulating reading

1. LET'S TALK by Dr. Lindsay R. Curtis $2.95

A medical doctor looks at the social, moral, and spiritual problems which confront us today. He deals forthrightly and factually with the use of drugs, smoking, glue sniffing, alcohol, heart at- tacks, sexual problems and promiscuity, food fad- ism, and many other timely subjects. A book that can equip you to meet the challenges of the world around you, and the temptations within.

2. KEY TO HAPPINESS by Beatrice M. Sparks $3.95

Written especially to high school and college-age girls, this book contains the secrets that make life a happy and rewarding experience. Foreword by Laraine Day.

3. A MORE EXCELLENT WAY by Neal A. Maxwell $2.95

An outstanding book that deals with the development of leadership qualities, this volume will be the MIA leadership training text for 1968-69. It will also be a valuable aid to the priesthood leadership training program.

4. IT'S SMART TO BE A LATTER-DAY SAINT by LaRue C. Longden $2.50

Here, for Latter-day Saints of all ages, is a timely and readable explanation of exactly why a life of obedience to the gospel offers unmatched happiness and peace of mind.

5. MEET THE MORMONS by Doyle and Randall Green $2.95

A brand new edition of this profusely illustrated introduction to the Church and its beliefs. Many beautiful new color plates, and completely up-to- date with the latest statistics on the Church. Printed on deluxe stock — an ideal gift book.

6. DOCTRINAL COMMENTARY ON THE PEARL OF GREAT PRICE by Dr. Hyrum Andrus $4.95

Scholarly analysis of the scriptures that have been in the news recently, with the discovery of papyri formerly in the possession of Joseph Smith. This commentary is essential reading for all students of latter-day scripture.

February 1968 19 determined those ". by misconceptions. . . all the plained, "These constituted the writings of Abraham—the learned doctors," ". wrote Osborne J. P. Widtsoe, . . seem text by Abraham's own hand; though there is nothing to show to have labored under the impression that the original that this text had not been widely copied, and that this par-

manuscript of the Book of Abraham was available, that ticular [manuscript] may not, in fact, have been a copy 500 82 the three fac-similes . . . constitute that original manuscript, years after Abraham's day." J. M. Sjodahl assumes that it and that the inscriptions on those fac-similes were 'written was a copy: "As the work proceeded, he [Joseph Smith] be- his by [Abraham's] own hand.' To one who is acquainted came convinced that one of the rolls of papyrus contained a with Church history, there could be made no representation copy of a book written by Abraham." 83 And Osborne Widt-

farther from the truth than this of Bishop Spalding's con- soe opined that "this particular roll [the Book of Abraham] 78 cerning the Book of Abraham." Yet it was on these three may or may not have been written by Abraham's own hand. incorrect assumptions 84 that the experts based all their argu- Possibly it was a copy of Abraham's original manuscript." ments against Joseph Smith. Consider the three points. From the way the expression is used in the scriptures First of all, Joseph Smith did not draw the Facsimiles; and by the brethren, it is clear that when a piece was said they were the work of a professional engraver, wood Reuben to be by its author's "own hand," what is meant is that Hedlock, who undertook the job on February 23, 1842, at 79 the Prophet's request, and finished it just a week later. It was, as we shall see, a very creditable piece of work, but "Joseph Smith the miserable copies that Bishop Spalding circulated among never claimed they his jury of experts made a very poor impression, and their

raw clumsiness was in every case attributed to the Prophet were autographic manuscripts himself. Some critics have noted that some of the numbers . ... of Abraham." that have been added to Facsimile 2 are upside down, and have again assumed that Joseph Smith put them that way;

but as R. C. Webb points out, "There is no evidence before he originally wrote or dictated it. Even when Wilford 80 us that Smith is responsible for it." Woodruff reports in his journal for February 18, 1842, that

The commonest objection to the authenticity of the "Joseph the Seer has presented us some of the Book of Abraham, ," Facsimiles is that are late which was written by his . . it they of too a date to have been own hand . means

drawn by Abraham. But Joseph Smith never claimed that that the Book of Abraham is not merely a book about they were autographic manuscripts or that they dated from Abraham, of which many are known in the apocryphal

". literature, the time of Abraham. . . with W. W. Phelps and Oliver but one actually written by him. Actually, what Cowdery as scribes," he writes as of July 1835, "I com- the Prophet "presented" to the Saints, who had seen the menced the translation of some of the characters or hiero- papyri a hundred times, was his own rendering of the book, glyphics, and much to our joy found that one of the rolls which of course was not literally written by the hand of contained the writings of Abraham, another the writings of Abraham. 81 Joseph of Egypt." (Italics added.) It is and was common It was only to be expected, human nature being what

to refer to any author's works as his writings, whether he it is, that the announcement that the writings of Abraham penned them himself or dictated them to others. The Book and Joseph had been found with some mummies should

of Mormon and the Pearl of Great Price itself, for example, have promptly given rise to the rumor that Joseph Smith are both writings of Joseph Smith, though written down was in possession of "the bodies of Abraham, Abimelech, entirely by the hands of other men and women. (the king of the Philistines), Joseph, who was sold into

Men of such importance as Abraham and Joseph in Egypt, &c, &c." And it was just as natural that the enemies Egypt would surely have followed the accepted custom and of the Prophet should circulate the charge "that the pur-

dictated their "writings" to scribes. The system is clear in chasers of these antiquities" were spreading such rumors

the book of Jarom, verse 14, where we are referred to "the "for the purpose of attracting the attention of the multitude, writings of the kings, or those which they caused to be and gulling the unwary." These reports, the Prophet wrote

written," and elsewhere in the Book of Mormon we are in December 1835, were "utterly false. Who these ancient 85 told of writings even "by the hand of" Mormon, Nephi, inhabitants of Egypt were, I do not at present say." He Moses, Omni, and others, and even "by the finger of God" was not leaping at conclusions or claiming revelations on

(Alma 10:2), and also of a letter of Giddianhi sealed with all things; indeed, the mummies did not particularly interest his own hand—yet the plates from which the Book of him, and he only consented to let Chandler have the high Mormon was translated were largely the work of Mormon price he asked for them because he could procure the papyri and never seen some of the men whose very hands ". were by in no other way: . . Mr. Chandler told him that he supposedly had written them. As George Q. Cannon ex- would not sell the writings, unless he could sell the mum-

20 Improvement Era —

." 86 mies. . . The mere sight of the mummies did not texts with the Prophet's translation are available for our excite Joseph Smith, and neither did the rolls of papyri investigation" is simply not true. It makes all the difference hefore he knew what was on them: they were just "some- in the world what particular text a scholar has to work

thing rolled up . . . which, when examined, proved to be with, as a comparison of the recently discovered original two rolls of papyrus." It was only after the mummies had of Facsimile 1 with the copies of it that Spalding sent to the been bought and the rolls examined that the brethren critics should make clear to anyone. O discovered, "much to our joy," how important they were. 87 "The characters," Joseph Smith reported, "are such as you (To be continued) find upon coffins of mummies—hieroglyphs, etc.," that is, 88 quite ordinary stuff, to look at them. It is amusing to see how the Spalding specialists petulantly declare the Fac- similes, which they confess themselves unable to read, to FOOTNOTES be to all appearances nothing but perfectly ordinary Egyp- 42Maxence de Rochemonteix, Bibliotheque Egyptologique could told that. (Paris, 1894), Vol. 3, tian documents. Joseph Smith have them p. 3. "A. H. Gardiner, Journal Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 9 6. Prophet made no dogmatic statement as to how of (1924), p. The '"This theme was often discussed by G. Maspero, e.g. in Bibliotheque Egypto- logique, Vol. the writings got in with the mummies, and Church mem- 29, pp. 269-276; Vol. 1 (1893), pp. viff, in which Maspero discusses his own changing ideas. On the dangerous appeal of Egypt to amateurs, A. Weigall, Tutankhamen and Other Essays (London, 1923), Ch. 3, and The bers speculated freely on the subject. "It is supposed," Glory of the Pharaohs (London, 1923), Ch. 5. "SR. C. Webb, Era, Vol. 17, p. 565. Webb paints an intellectual portrait wrote Parley P. Pratt, "they were preserved in the family of Spalding in this long article, pp. 565ff. »°B. H. Roberts, Deseret News, Dec. 19, 1912, p. 11. of the Pharaoh and afterwards hid up in the embalmed 4T Webb, op. cit., pp. 568ff, 577; the quote is from p. 569. 89 ^Roberts, Era, Vol. 16, p. 310. body of the female with whom they were found." The 49 Osborne P. Widtsoe, Era, Vol. illustrating examples 16, p. 594,. this J. - . by on pp. 595-97. reporter of a local newspaper, after being shown the mum- m New York Times, Magazine Section, Dec. 29, 1912, p. 3. ^Frederick J. Pack, Era, Vol. 16, pp. 333-34. mies by Mother Smith, wrote a satirical account of how G2 R. C. Webb, Era, Vol. 17, p. 566, quoting from Spalding's Utah Survey. ^New York Times, loc. cit., 1. Joseph in Egypt had a roll of papyrus, delivered to him in a p. "J. M. Sjodahl, Era, Vol. 16, p. 1100. — KN. L. wooden box—by an angel, of course "which was to be Nelson, Era, Vol. 16, p. 603. ^Webb, op. cit., p. 565. ^Editorial in Era, Vol. 16, p. 378; cf. New York Times, loc. cit., p. 1. buried him with the family of one of the patriarchs . , . by r>8 R. C. Webb. See the remarks of E. J. Banks, Literary Digest, July 10, 1915, p. 67. . . . depositing the case the Queen's breast, where Joseph on 59 The Banks article (see above) is fully discussed by Sterling B. Talmage in ." so Era, Vol. 16, pp. 770-76. it lay until the discovery of the 'brass plates'. . . «F. S. Spalding, Era, Vol. 16, p. 611. •^Pack, op. cit., p. 334. Behind the usual garbling of the familiar motifs, one may 62 Spalding, Joseph Smith as a Translator, 4. w p. detect another version of Brother Pratt's speculation. Ibid., p. 18. ^Documentary History of the Church, Vol. 2, p. 235, from The L.D.S. Mes- Actually, ancient Egyptian documents have been found senger & Advocate, Vol. 3 (Dec. 1835), p. 235. ^Parley P. Pratt, Millennial Star, Vol. 3 (July 1842), p. 46. 69 buried with mummies of later date. The manuscript of the Orson Pratt, Journal of Discourses, Vol. 20 (1878), p. 65. 07 Encyclopedia Britannica, XI Edition (1910), Vol. 6, p. 308 (s.v. "Chron- famous Ramesseum Dramatic Text, written to be buried ology"). ssWebb, Era, Vol. 16, p. 1078. 69 with a king, was found laid away on the mummy of a Spalding, op. cit., p. 13. 70 Pack, op. cit., p. 335. private citizen 200 years after the time it was written ^Spalding, Era, Vol. 16, p. 611. 72John A. Widtsoe, Era, Vol. 16, p. 617. and even then it was copied down from still older sources. 73S. A. B. Mercer, The Utah Survey, Vol. 30, p. 12. "Ibid., p. 10. "How this manuscript . . . came into the private library ^Ibid., p. 7. ™Ibid., p. 9. of the . . . Theban in whose grave it was found," wrote "'"Ibid., p. 9. 78 Osborne J. P. Widtsoe, Era, Vol. 16, p. 599. Professor Sethe, "is a question which of course can never ^DHC, Vol. 4, p. 518. 8 91 °Webb, Era, Vol. 17, p. 324. be answered." It may not be without significance that ^DHC, Vol. 2, p. 236. S2George Q. Cannon, quoted by N. L. Nelson, op. cit., p. 606. our Pearl of Great Price mummies were also found in ^Sjodahl, op. cit., p. 1103.

«*Osborne J. P. Widtsoe, op. cit., p. 600. Thebes, and that some other mummies found there, notably &DHC, Vol. 2, p. 348. 86Orson Pratt, Journal of Discourses, Vol. 20, p. 65. those accompanied by those rare and peculiar documents s-'DHC, Vol. 2, p. 236. &lbid., p. 348. is known as hypocephali (Fac. 2 a hypocephalus), had 89Parley P. Pratt, Millennial Star, Vol. 3 (July 1842), p. 46. ^Warsaw Signal, Sept. 19, 1845, p. 2, cited by C. D. McOmber, A Study of lying on their breasts just such rolls of papyri, apparently the Criticism of the Book of Abraham (unpublished Master's thesis, Brigham Young Provo, 17f. documents of considerable importance, but not well enough University, 1960), pp. 91K. Sethe, Dramatische Texte zu altdgyptischen Mysterienspielen (Leipzig, read. 92 themselves were "often 1928), Vol. 2, p. 99. preserved to be Mummies 9L This is discussed below. 93 Archaeology (London: Thames & re-embalmed by the priests and toted from tomb to tomb C. W. Ceram, A Picture History of Hudson, 1959), p. 138. 94 for centuries." 93 Furthermore, when documents became A classical instance is found in the introduction to the famous Shabaka Stone, where the king "orders a copy to be made which should be better than worn out from age or use it was quite proper to make a the earlier [original] one [lit., 'than its earlier condition']."—K. Sethe, op. cit., Vol. 1, pp. 4, 8, 21f. "Many very ancient books appeared in later copy, which was thenceforth regarded exactly as if it were transcriptions throughout Egyptian history," e.g., the Admonitions of Ptah- Hotep; "if, then, in similar fashion, Abraham also wrote a book, there is no 94 the original writings. essential absurdity in the supposition that a copy of it was found in the tomb of some persons who died even 1,000 or 1,500 years after his day."—R. C. Webb, Bishop Spalding's announcement that he submitted to Era, Vol. 17, p. 314. Whatever others, such as Wilford Woodruff, may have thought as to the age of the Facsimiles, Joseph Smith left no clear pronounce- the specialists "the original text," and that "the original ment.

February 1968 21 —

m-u/'i-m-iiw'-iwi-nw- »/*////» -^in//< -./////)— //»//<— //////< -/////(].— mz WEMMEMIEEMEMEMEM

Prepared by the

research department of the Major Genealogical Genealogical Society Record Sources in

^ f — fuii/ — jjif /iifiif — iu//7> f#/y/ iff i/i i> //////fj — ////i//y /i///f// mj|//f iiiiij// >//iif^^ >fi J////J j*iiiji — — >i/n ^^- — — 'ijjy/u — tin > — — — if//f/^ /J/i)/* — t/n/f# — — — — —

The chart and table contain A shows at a glance the problem is in the seven- major genealogical record record sources available for teenth century, a quick sources of Sweden. The a research problem in a indication can be obtained major sources are listed, particular century. Table from Table A of the together with type of rec- B provides more detailed sources available for that ord, period covered, type information about the ma- period. Reference to Table of information given, and jor records available. For B will then provide more source availability. Table example, if a pedigree complete information.

MAJOR SOURCE AVAILABILITY BY CENTURY CENTURY

TYPE OF RECORD 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th

1. Emigration Records

2. Lutheran Membership Movements

3. Lutheran Clerical Survey

4. Lutheran Catechistical Records

5. Probate Records

6. Land Records

7. Lutheran Communion Records

8. Census Records —

9. Tax Lists

10. Court Records

11. Lutheran Parish Registers

12. Trade Guild Records

13. Lutheran Church Accounts

14. Provincial Accounts

15. Military Records

16. House of Nobility TABLE A

MfM/Ml

i s j

— — — l *fif///* f/f//i //f///i — tfflti/* f/f/ft/- uOffi — t/tff«« ///— — f//f\i/^ — — 'f/Ufil— f/fffl/-- Ul/// — — — -///Ay/

22 Improvement Era — 1 ;

"* — 111 y* w/7/i' jf/ii// *iMf/J /iifi/-> iBiiy— — — ^^" — — mm* — "Miif*— >»iiftf/# — wiii/f — niitf -jfi///^ — *mj//#.— yiiniif — Mtffii* «inw» — 'imin — nuin— "UBiu —nini— intlTi

Illustrated by Sherry Thompson f/i- >//if///~ i///i)i-iip-ii//iiii-/Hii

MAJOR SOURCES CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED

TYPE OF PERIOD RECORD COVERED TYPE OF INFORMATION GIVEN AVAILABILITY

1. EMIGRATION 1876-1913 Larsson Brothers & Company Emigration Provincial archives, Goteborg; on RECORDS Agency: correspondence between the emi- film (Genealogical Society) (Emigrations gration agency and persons inquiring about handlingar) emigration; names of correspondents and their residences in Sweden; sometimes names of relatives and their residences both in Sweden and abroad

Earliest City Police Records: lists of persons leaving City and provincial archives; some from 1869 Sweden through various ports, their names, on film (GS) places of residence or places of birth, ages or dates of birth, destination in foreign land, relationships of persons traveling as a family unit

1851 to Government Emigration Records: names of 1851-1940 on film (GS) ; 1851 to present persons emigrating, their ages, sometimes present, National Central Bureau year or date of birth, occupations, places of Statistics, Stockholm of residence at time of emigration, country of destination, relationships

18th C to Passport Journals: information varies; name On film (GS); city of departure; 19th C of person obtaining passport, date when ob- provincial archives; Royal War Ar- tained, destination, occupation chives, Stockholm

2. LUTHERAN Earliest in Names of parsons moving in or out of the Earliest to 1860 on film (GS); pro- MEMBER- the late parish, places of former and new residence, vincial archives; 1860 to present SHIP 17th C; marital status, sometimes date and place of in local parish custody MOVEMENTS more birth (Flyttnings- frequent langder) 1800 to present

Certificates of Approx Same as above but sometimes with more de- Same as above Moving 1750; tail; information varies (Flyttnings- more attes'ter) frequent 1800 to present

3. LUTHERAN Approx Names of parishioners, dates of birth or Earliest to approx 1890 on film ages, places of birth, CLERICAL 1686-1895 occupations, relation- (GS) ; earliest to approx 1860, pro- SURVEY ships, marriage data, dates of death, places vincial archives; 1860-1895, local (Household of residence, arrivals and removals, legiti- parish custody Examination macy of children, marital status, rating on Rolls) religious knowledge; information varies, es- _ (Husforhors- pecially before 1800; evolved from Lutheran fdngder) catechistical records (see no. 4) and superseded by the parish records (see item immediately following)

Parish Records 1896 to Succeeded the clerical survey; the informa- Local parish custody (Forsamlings- present tion recorded is approximately the same as b'dcker) the clerical survey

Abstracts for 1860 to Abstracts taken from the above two records 1860, 1870, 1880, 1890 on film (GS) each ten-year present for statistical purposes; information similar 1860 to present, National Central period to above but more brief Bureau of Statistics, Stockholm

TABLE B

- - - — tf/y»» — //ff/tf —will ii —fif/ p w/yi— mi/f/r —

i ' I I I I I n I ...... I- I ^^^~ ' 1^11 1-1...... ii. S^M February 1968 23 . : ; ;

ARCHIVE ADDRESSES TYPE OF PERIOD RECORD COVERED TYPE OF INFORMATION GIVEN AVAILABILITY Landsarkivet in Uppsala com- of certain parishioners, occupations, film (GS) provincial archives prises the Ian of Stockholm, 4. LUTHERAN Approx Names On ; CATECHISTI- 1686-1750, residences, relationships, marital status, Uppsala, Sbdermanland, Ore- CAL usually sometimes ages; superseded by the clerical bro, Vastmanland and Kop- RECORDS southern survey (see item no. 3) (Katikismi- Sweden parberg. Address : Slottet, langder) only Uppsala. 5. PROBATE Approx Name of deceased, sometimes date of death; Approx 1660-1860 on film (GS) Landsarkivet in Vadstena RECORDS 1660 to names of heirs, ages, sometimes dates of 1660 to present, provincial or city comprises the Ian of Ostergbt- (Bouppteck- present birth; residences, guardians, relationships, archives, district court archives, cir- ningar real and personal property and its distribu- cuit courts of appeal (nobility) land, Jbnkbping, Kronoberg tion

and Kalmar. Address : Slottet, 6. LAND Approx Names of land owners and tenants, resi- On film (GS) ; provincial archives; Vadstena. RECORDS 1630-1750 dences, valuation of land copy at Cameral Archive (Kammar- Landsarkivet in Visby for (Jordebocker) arkivet), Stockholm

the Ian of Gotland. Address: 7. LUTHERAN Earliest Names of communicants, residences, rela- On film (GS); provincial archives tionships, marital status, occupations, some- Visborgsgatan 1, Visby. COMMUNION from 1628, RECORDS generally times ages; superseded by clerical survey Landsarkivet in Lund com- (Kommunion- 18th-19th C (see item no. 3) prises the Ian of Blekinge, langder)

Kristianstad, Malmohus and 8. CENSUS 1620 to Name of head of household, residence, some- Earliest to 1750, then each 5 years RECORDS present times names of wife and children over age to 1860 on film (GS); 1620 to pres- Halland. Address : Dalby- (Mantals- 15 and other relatives, especially since ap- ent, provincial archives; copy at vagen 4, Lund. I'dngder) prox 1900; information varies widely, but the Cameral Archives, Stockholm Landsarkivet in Gbteborg later the census, the more detailed the information comprises the Ian of Gbteborg 9. LISTS 1620-1642 Names of landowners and tenants On film (GS) provincial archives; och Bohus, Alvsborg, Skara- TAX ; (Boskaps- copy at Cameral Archives, Stock- borg and Varmland. Address rdkningar) holm Geijersgatan 1, Gbteborg. 10. COURT Approx Decisions in criminal trials, transfers of 1620-1860 on film (GS); earlier Landsarkivet in Harnbsand RECORDS 1620 to real estate, marriage settlements, guardian- records of the magistrate courts comprises the Ian of Gavle- (Dombocker) present ships, mortgages, miscellaneous judiciary (Radhusratt) and the assize courts items (Haradsratt) at provincial archives; borg, Vasternorrland, Vas- copies _at the circuit courts of appeal

terbotten and Norrbotten. (Hovratt) ; more recent records in local court custody Address : Nybrogatan 17, Harnbsand. 11. LUTHERAN Earliest Births: names of persons born and christened, Earliest to approx 1860 on film PARISH 1607, dates of birth and christening, legitimacy of (GS); provincial archives; 1860 to Landsarkivet in ostersund REGISTERS generally children, names of parents, father's occupa- present, local parish custody for the Ian of Jamtland. Ad- (KyrkobbckerJ 1686 to tion and residence, sometimes age of mother; present names of witnesses at christening and their NOTE. Transcripts 1860-1947 at dress: Museiplan, Ostersund. residence, occupations, sometimes relation- National Central Bureau of Stat- Stadsarkivet in Stockholm for ships istics, Stockholm; transcripts 1860- 1892 on film (GS) the city of Stockholm. Ad- Marriages: names of candidates, their places of residence and date of marriage, sometimes dress : Kungsklippan 61, ages and names of parents or sponsors, Stockholm 8. also information regarding former marriages Stadsarkivet in Malmb for Deaths: names of deceased, their dates of the city of Malmb. Address: death and burial, ages, places of residence Ostergatan 32, Malmb C. at time of death, occupations, conditions, causes of death; sometimes biographical in- Stadsarkivet in Boras for the formation, particularly in Vastmanland and Kopparberg Counties city of Boras. Address : Stads-

huset, Boras. (All church 12. TRADE 1604-1890 Minutes, names of members and those seek- On film (GS); Nordiska Museet, records in Boras, however, GUILD ing membership; sometimes proof of age, Stockholm; some in various city RECORDS parentage, and birthplace archives have been transferred to (Skrahand- Landsarkivet in Gbteborg.) lingar)

Stadsarkivet in Vasteras. Ad- 13. LUTHERAN Earliest Accounts of expenses and contributions; On film (GS); provincial archives dress: Stadshuset, Vasteras. CHURCH from names and residence of persons who receive ACCOUNTS 16th C, payment for services rendered to the church; (All church records in Vas- (Kyrkordken- generally names and residence of persons contributing teras, however, have been skaper) from middle monetary gifts at church functions such as of 17th C christenings, weddings, and burials; relation- transferred to Landsarkivet to 18th C ships in Uppsala.)

14. PROVINCIAL 1541-1633 Names and residences of landowners and On film (GS) ; National Archives Riksarkivet (The National ACCOUNTS tenants (Riksarkivet), Stockholm Archives). Address: Arkiv- (Landskaps- handlingar) gatan 3, Stockholm. Kammararkivet (The Carri- 15. MILITARY 1537 to Rotations and inductions: names of military 1537-1869 on film (GS); 1537 to RECORDS present personnel, residence present, Royal War Archives er al Archives). Address: (Milit'dra- (Kungliga Krigsarkivet), Stock- Birger Jarlstorg 13, Stock- handlingar) General muster rolls: names of personnel of holm; local enrollment offices all ranks, usually province of birth, age, holm 2. death or discharge; information varies NOTE. Refer to the various print- Kungliga Utrikesdepartemen- ed regimental histories and to Lew- Pension and salary lists: names of officers enhaupt's works "The Officers of tets arkiv (The Archives of and non-commissioned officers only; some- King Karl XII" (Karl XII:s times names of relatives; monetary data the Foreign Office). Address: Ojjicerare) Gustaf Adolfs torg, Stock- Biographical records: names of officers and civilian employees holm 16. only; dates and places of birth, marriage, and death; parentage; Riddarhusets arkiv (The Ar- appointments; information varies chives of the House of Nobil- 16. HOUSE OF 15th C Names of those introduced and accepted into Some in print and on film (GS) ity) . Address : Riddarhuset, NOBILITY to present the House of Nobility; pedigrees listing their the Archives of the House of No- (Riddarhuset) progenitors to the earliest known ancestor; bility [Riddarhusets arkiv), Stock- Stockholm 2. names of spouse and children; dates of birth, holm Statistiska centralbyrans ar- marriage, and death; residences, offices and kiv (The Archives of the commissions received; occupations; relationships Central Bureau of Statistics)

Address : Linnegatan 87, NOTE— There are many rural and city parishes that have been given the right to retain their Stockholm O. church books at the parish archives and are exempt by law from the obligation to Kungliga Krigsarkivet (The deliver their older church books to the provincial archives. These parishes are located mainly in Kopparberg and Orebro Counties. War Archives). Address: Banergatan 64, Stockholm 5.

24 Improvement Era Lest We Forget

The Word of Wisdom

By Albert L. Zobell, Jr. Research Editor

• "This winter [1832-33]/' wrote the Prophet Joseph then be taken. Often when the Prophet entered the

Smith, "was spent in translating the Scriptures; in room to give the school instructions he would find the School of the Prophets; and sitting in conferences. himself in a cloud of tobacco smoke. This, and

I had many glorious seasons of refreshing. The gifts the complaints of his wife at having to clean so which follow them that believe and obey the Gos- filthy a floor, made the Prophet think upon the

pel, as tokens that the Lord is ever the same in His matter, and he inquired of the Lord relating to the dealings with the humble lovers and followers of conduct of the Elders in using tobacco, and the reve- truth, began to be poured out among us, as in an- lation known as the Word of Wisdom was the ." cient days. . . (Documentary History of the Church, result of his inquiry." (Journal of Discourses, Vol. 12,

Vol. 1, p. 322.) pp. 157-58.) Then he records simply: The Word of Wisdom immediately became part

"February 27 [1833].— I received the following rev- of the teachings of the Church. The Prophet records elation: ... A Word of Wisdom, for the benefit of that in 1837 the presidency of the Church at Far ." the . . . church . . . (Ibid., page 327.) West, Missouri, called a general meeting in which it Then he records the glorious counsel and prom- was "resolved unanimously, that we will not fellow- ises found therein. ship any ordained member who will not, or does not,

Speaking to the Saints at Provo, Utah, some 35 observe the Word of Wisdom according to its literal

years later, February 8, 1868, President Brigham Young reading." (DHC, Vol. 2, p. 482.) Christmas day 1837 recollected: "was the first public conference of the Church in "When the school of the prophets was inaugurated England, and at this conference the Word of Wis- one of the first revelations given by the Lord to His dom was first publicly taught in that country."

servant Joseph was the Word of Wisdom. . . . The (DHC, Vol. 2, p. 529.) At the first quarterly conference

prophet began to instruct [the elders] how to live at Far West, April 7, 1838, "President Joseph Smith, that they might be the better prepared to perform Jun., made a few remarks on the Word of Wisdom,

the great work they were called to accomplish. I giving the reason of its coming forth, saying it should

think I am as well acquainted with the circum- be observed." (DHC, Vol. 3, p. 15.)

stances which led to the giving of the Word of Wis- "It is a piece of good counsel which the Lord de-

dom as any man in the Church, although I was not sires His people to observe, that they may live on

present at the time to witness them. The first school the earth until the measure of their creation is full,"

of the prophets was held in a small room situated said President Brigham Young in 1868. "This is the over the Prophet Joseph's kitchen, in a house which object the Lord had in view in giving that Word of

belonged to Bishop Whitney, and which was at- Wisdom. To those who observe it He will give great tached to his store, which store probably might be wisdom and understanding, increasing their health, about fifteen feet square. In the rear of this building giving strength and endurance to the faculties of was a kitchen, probably ten by fourteen feet, con- their bodies and minds until they shall be full of

taining rooms and pantries. Over this kitchen was years upon the earth. This will be their blessing if situated the room in which the Prophet received rev- they will observe His word with a good and willing elations and in which he instructed his brethren. heart and in faithfulness before the Lord." (JD,

The brethren came to that place for hundreds of Vol. 12, p. 156.) miles to attend school in a little room probably no The twentieth century is a marvelous age in which

larger than eleven by fourteen. When they assem- to live. It is an age in which science has confirmed bled together in this room after breakfast, the first much of the Word of Wisdom. We now scientifically they did was to light their pipes, and, while smoking, know what the nineteenth century Saints accepted talk about the great things of the kingdom, and spit on faith concerning the great truths of the Word of

all over the room, and as soon as the pipe was out Wisdom. The promises of the Lord are the same in of their mouths a large chew of tobacco would all ages to all peoples. O

February 1968 25 • It was six a.m. when Olataga Tialavea, and the six MIA people Masiasomua reached the mission climbed into the mission pickup home at Pesega, but it was scarce- truck. Some of the board mem- ly daylight because of the heavy bers had borrowed raincoats from clouds. Strong gusts of wind drove the elders. Others huddled under the rain almost horizontally against lavalavas, trying to keep out the her as she ran up the steps. What wind and the sporadic bursts of a day for a district conference! rain. What a day to be president of the The road to Fagaloa winds along mission YWMIA! The trip to the coast for 15 miles or so, then Fagaloa Bay was no picnic in good climbs the mountain and drops weather, and with a storm brewing precipitously down to the bay. Un- she would be lucky to have a hand- til a few years ago the only way ful of people show up for the con- to reach Fagaloa was to take a boat ference. from Apia or to drive to the top of When Ola entered the office of the mountain and walk down a President Burton H. Price, some of trail. Now a narrow, rocky road the MIA board members were al- has been built to the first two ready waiting. After prayer, Presi- villages. dent Price, his counselor Lauvale As the truck bumped along the coastal road, Ola apprehensively The Hurricane watched the muddy, white-capped surf lashing the shore. This was and Olataga going to be a real storm. Before of Samoa they reached the top of the mountain, they passed plantations where By Coy the banana trees were broken off Harmon or knocked down.

Illustrated by They had just rounded the curve Maryon Ed at the top, ready to start the descent, when the truck jerked to a stop. The road was blocked by two large trees. On the other side of the trees sat two buses whose disgruntled passengers were waiting to go to Apia. There seemed to be no way to move the trees until Ola remembered that in the MIA supplies was a rope they had brought for a tug-of-war in the afternoon activity session. With the rope, the lead bus was able to back down the hill and drag the trees off the road. Then the truck backed up the hill to let the buses pass. The whole operation took almost two hours. The truck had just reached Lona Branch when the storm struck with increased fury. Before they could jump from the truck and run into

the fale, the conference visitors were drenched with rain. During the afternoon the hurricane intensi-

Improvement Era Bed until they were only able to that it was impossible to get out. place, they would be able to swim hold one short meeting with the President Tialavea took the truck across. Ola was terrified at the branch MIA officers who had back down to Ma'asina Branch and thought of jumping into the dark,

gathered. left it. Then the group began to churning water, but the two men As the wind rose, breadfruit climb the mountain. They were helped the students across and trees were uprooted and banana tired, wet, cold, and hungry when came back for her. After much trees flattened. When the woven they reached the top. They walked coaxing and reasoning, they per- blinds were torn from the fale on toward home and had almost suaded her to swim across between where the visitors were staying, the reached Falefa when they were them. She plunged in. Saints took the heavy mats from the picked up by two elders in a As the cold, swirling water floor and nailed them between the truck. sucked her down, she began to posts to keep out the rain. Some- When they reached Kanana swim for her life. The current was how the Saints of the branch were Branch, Olataga was astonished to so strong that several times she able to provide food for the visitors be able to look up and see Sauniatu thought she could not possibly even after the cooking houses were at the top of the hill. The trees make it across. Then one of the blown down. that had always obscured it before men would shout to her to swim Sleep was impossible. The roar had been leveled. and she would struggle harder. At of the wind and rain was punctu- It was beginning to get dark last she was able to touch bottom, ated by the cracking of branches when Olataga and Oli Manuo be- and they helped her scramble up and the sound of ripping leaves. gan the four-mile climb to Sauniatu, the bank. She lay on the grass, At intervals a tree would crash to where Olataga teaches at the shivering and panting for breath, the ground, and always in the Church school. Her sodden clothes grateful to be alive. The wind was background was the ominous clung to her, and her arms and legs dying. The storm was almost over. pounding of the surf. were scratched from climbing over Tomorrow she would have to start During the night the Saints from fallen trees. As she stumbled over planning for the next conference, Ma'asina Branch, who had come rocks and branches, it seemed she the sports tournaments, and the for the conference, had to run to would never reach the top. youth conferences, and she needed the safety of another fale before Finally, they were on level a new girls' program secretary, but theirs was blown down. In the ground and could hear the river. tonight she was just too tired to

fale where Ola stayed, an elder who They were almost home. But at worry about it. . . . O had been lying on the floor near the bank they met Nofo Ti'i and President Price found that a heavy three students who were returning kava bowl had been hurled by the to school after the weekend at home. The river had risen several wind across the floor to within a Coy Harmon, who was in Samoa with few inches of his head. feet over the bridge and it was her schoolteacher husband when this incident took place, is a member of the impossible to cross it. When daylight came, President Pleasant View (Provo, Utah) Second Price and President Tialavea de- Nofo and Oli decided that if they Ward.

cided that it would be impossible went upstream to a not-so-rocky to hold conference and that they ''Olataga Masiasomua would try to get back to Pesega when the wind calmed down a little. By noon the storm was beginning to subside, although the

wind still came in sudden hard

gusts, and it was still raining. They considered leaving the truck there and walking out, but President Tia- lavea said he thought he could

drive it out if some of the Saints would walk ahead to help clear the road. Six men volunteered. They had worked their way about halfway to the top when they were met by two men who said

February 1968 ) .

Where does al)

Turning Financial Folly Into Family Fun (Part 2)

is store, • "Finance the number one cause one can purchase a "family budget ( planned expenditures ) of family arguments" is the con- expense record" book for as little Let the family counsel together and clusion of some of those who make as 39 cents, but under any circum- determine where they would like a study of family problems. Open stances, there is no need to pay to tighten up so as to provide more disagreements over money matters more than a dollar. Get a book money for a category that yields are not the only bad fruits. Ten- with columns that are labeled, more satisfaction. sions caused from worry about i.e., housing, food, church, etc., and One family drives secondhand overdue bills, fretting over where then all you do is fill in the blanks. cars and drinks powdered milk be- the next house payment will come Also, make sure that one open page cause putting more into a home from, anger toward a husband or will cover one month. brings greater satisfaction. Another wife for a "foolish," unplanned After the family has recorded finds great joy in new cars but purchase, and disappointment in two or three months' outgo, average spends a minimum on clothes and having to see children do without up the amount in each category other items. may result in sharp words and and use this as the basis for your Don't try to make a budget like flaming tempers. Peace cannot abide in a home where anxiety over financial matters represses expressions of love and crowds out laughter. With our understanding of the Suggested Allocation of Take-Home Pay 1 sacred and eternal nature of the family, it behooves every good Latter-day Saint to take steps to $5,000 to $7,000 $10,000 to $12,000 reduce discord in the home. If 1. Tithing 2 12% 12% handling money is a prime source 2. Savings 5 7 of disharmony, efforts made to 3. Food 21 15 eliminate the difficulty will result 4. Rent or mortgage payments and in a strengthening of the bonds of household operations ( utilities 28 29 love and peace in each home. 5. Home furnishings and household A first step in turning financial equipment 3 4 folly into family fun is to find out: 6. Clothing, including laundry Where does it all go? and cleaning 7 8 The best way to do this is to keep 7. Insurance 3 4 a book in which the family can 8. Medical and dental care 5 3 record what money is spent. The 9. Transportation and automobile 7 7 total figures for each month will 10. Personal allowances, entertain- show what happened to the money. ment, H.O.K. 3 and miscellaneous 7 8 It is interesting to note that people 11. Gifts and subscriptions 2 3 with larger incomes and higher 100% 100% standards of living use budgets 1 Take-home pay should be gross income less deductions for taxes and Social frequently than those who live more Security. It should include any deductions for such items as insurance and in more modest circumstances. credit union. 2 10% of gross income normally amounts to approximately 12% of take-home From almost any variety store, pay. This amount will vary, however, according to the number of dependents. stationery store, or department 3 "Heaven-Only-Knows."

28 Improvement Era By Quinn G. McKay, Ph.D. Dean, School of Business and Economics, Weber State College

that of the neighbors. Let your there are helpful devices for man- two to members of the family. Dur- planned expenditures be an expres- aging money. ing the month father or mother sion of the desires and goals of 3. To help them see that what should make note of expense-saving your family. Remember: the bud- they do each day can affect the behavior and mention it in family get is the expression of the entire amount of money that is available council. family. Also, if you add to one for other things. Third, save until last the special category, you must subtract from When family members are cog- savings account. That is going to another. nizant of waste and of belongings provide for a piano, color tele-

For those who would like some that are ill cared for, then the vision set, vacation, bicycle, mis- guidelines from which a family budget is controlled every day of sion, or college. Let each person can start planning, here is a starter. the month, not just once a month see how much closer the acquisi-

The chart on page 28 is based on an at family council night. Thus, a tion is. Spend a few minutes average family of five or six. It family budget council is designed planning for the purchase by look- should be adjusted to meet special to help members of the household ing at catalogues or discussing needs of your family and according to be conscious of where the money the individual preferences of fam- to the of number dependents and is going each day. ily members regarding it. If it is amount of deductions. Percentages Each month sit down at a table a vacation fund, spend the winter are based on take-home pay, so the with the family finance book months in anticipation. Dreaming, family can plan how to allocate opened to the previous month's talking, and finding information actual amounts of money available. record. First, select for detailed about potential vacation spots can Therefore, the percentage for tith- review the accounts most out of bring added months of joy for a ing may vary, according to differ- line. ( Going into everything in de- 10-day trip. ences between gross pay and tail would be boring.) Talk about Cautions: take-home pay. why these accounts are out of line, 1. Review only what has been Just one further note about and relate the why to everyday ex- set aside as the family budget. budgeting: To spend a whole periences. If the electricity bill is Mother and father may want to evening fretting because you can't high, discuss how family members keep business finances, investments, find what happened to 23 cents is can be "light switch conscious." If and other matters private, espe- poor budgeting. Put in an "H.O.K." extra shoes had to be purchased, cially if the family is young and

( "Heaven-Only-Knows" ) account, discuss the care of shoes and what cannot keep confidences. because each month money may water does to leather. If an ap- 2. Don't make this a long ses- seem to disappear just as though pliance had to be repaired or sion; particularly, don't dwell too the mice ate it. Allow for this, and replaced, explain the value of long on negative aspects and don't fight over it as long as it is maintenance, use, and proper stor- preachments. Every needed lesson not out of line. age of equipment. This can also cannot be taught in one night. After a budget has been de- be done with care of clothes, furni- There will be another night next cided upon, a once-a-month family ture, expensive foods, and enter- month. finance council should be held. The tainment. Relating items to specific 3. Don't use the family finance purpose is twofold: dollar amounts helps to build a council as a punishment or to

1. To help the family members consciousness of values and costs. expose or embarrass a spender in psychologically to see that there are Second, call attention to ac- the family. This meeting is for limits to how much money is avail- counts in which expenses were less education, not retribution. able. than budgeted. Here may be a 4. Do everything possible in

2. To train them to learn that chance to hand out a bouquet or steps two and three to make it an

February 1968 29 1. A condensed, profusely illustrated

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30 Improvement Era "Those who save what is left over usually have no savings,

emotionally rewarding experience, cheaper, but you also often con- fit family needs three months from

Do not conduct it in such a way sume more when you think there now. Don't give away your flexi- that the family comes to dread is plenty. Use self-restraint. bility and monthly control over finance council night. The family Try things that are less expen- expenditures. Preserve flexibility can learn that money properly sive, like powdered milk. People's and be free so the family can handled can bring lots of family tastes adjust. Even mixing three- change its mind next month, fun and satisfaction. fourths powdered and one-fourth 7. Don't be afraid to buy good

Controlling the budget is a mat- whole milk makes the milk cost used items: furniture, appliances, ter of attitude—as much psychology about 15 cents a quart, which is a cars. Careful shopping here can as finance. It is a matter of per- big savings over 28 cents a quart result in significant savings, sonal self-restraint. for whole milk. Children usually 8. Teach the family to take care Spending Tips consume as much inexpensive pea- of things. Lessons on care of cloth-

1. Tithing (the Lord's portion) nut butter as they do the expensive ing can be an excellent expenditure should always be set aside or paid brands. of time and may result in many the very first. 4. Pay cash. At each purchase, dollars saved. Care of furniture 2. Savings should be put away seeing actual dollars disappear or may require making the living room next. Payroll deductions for credit the bank account balance diminish off limits for food or jumping, union or automatic bank savings is a good regular reminder and has 9. Make special savings accounts, are good. Those who never save a good psychological restraining Save for a color television set or must invariably borrow. People effect. other special purchase. At the who save what is left over prac- 5. Don't buy on first visit of monthly family budget review, save tically never have a savings door-to-door salesmen or at the this account until last. Then let the account. first store when looking at a major family see together how much 3. In buying food, use a shop- purchase. Educate yourself. Com- nearer they are to that new TV. ping list and then stick with it. pare prices and features until you This can be the positive side. This forces planning and also helps satisfy yourself. Learn what to Budgeting need not be all "no" one to resist impulse buying, look for or what is important in a and tears. Budget for things, not Merchants devise every means pos- washing machine, or piano, or fur- just against spending. sible to get shoppers to give in to niture. Take time to analyze and 10. Don't overextend on house impulses and buy more than they raise questions while not under the buying. Do not buy a house that really need. smooth talk or charisma of a tal- costs more than two and a half

Shop not more than once a week, ented salesman. His product is times your annual income. Monthly

Try every other week. It can be probably what he says it is, but housing costs (principal, interest, done. Again, it will force better only you can decide if it is the best insurance, and property taxes) planning, and you can save money, expenditure of limited funds for should not exceed one-fourth of Shop the sales. Buy in case lots your family. your monthly take-home pay. only at sale time. By using and 6. Be reluctant to obligate your- 11. Watch automobile expenses restocking your year's supply, you selves to long-run purchase schemes closely. It costs more to drive a can go from one sale to another on and other programs without thor- car than you think, many items. Planning clothing ough investigation. They may or With wise planning and self- purchases can also help you take may not provide all the savings restraint, financial folly can be advantage of sales, thus helping pictures. More important, long-run turned into family fun and con- make the money go further. Beware schemes lock you into something tribute to harmony in the home of jumbo sizes. They are often that looks good today but may not rather than disharmony. O

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that they, too, can gain from Medi- benefits if you do get sick or hurt. It signed to help people over 65 fill the care. A little-known part of the new pays you regardless of other hospital, gaps in Medicare. Medicare bill (21 3a IRC) gives people medical or surgical insurance you The story of Medicare's new tax a much bigger tax deduction on their may have. And with today's higher- savings, plus the remarkable "Money- health insurance premiums, starting than-ever medical expenses, 9 out of Back" plan and special "Over-65"

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32 Improvement Era You've been called of church, society, choose to disobey. It a responsible school, or friend. And has been given unto generation. Born in it is to choose to do you to choose. Bu

the fullness of times, something about it. with this great gift blessed with the Elder Thomas S. Monson ^^^^^comes a great proverbial bounties of the Council of the responsibility, for with challenged by causes Twelve spoke to a choice comes the and conditions thousands of youth responsibility of your great enough to excite gathered in the choice." r our attention, you Tabernacle a short time To you of the hiave the role of the ago and said: "Young esponsible chosen ones. You are people, you may choose eneration the royalty of the your friends, you may this issue be a

generations of a' may choose your help in your time. And when much vocation, you may preparations is given, much is choose to honor and and in your choices. expected. This is not obey God, or you may The Editors a new idea but one that you'll come to witness as truth as you move along your path as student leader,

athlete, artist, ebater, home teacher, or friend of the ^^^^ crowd. To be part of a responsible generation

is to be "answering." Marion D. Hanks, Editor • Elaine Cannon, Associate Editor

It is to hear the sound, the cry, the message

February 1968 33 : :

Lincoln, a sible Citizen He Kept On Growing By Marion D. Hanks

Illustrated by Dale Kilbourn

• A truly great man was born on the remember the last lines of a great poem twelfth day of February, long ago. He lived about Lincoln his boyhood days in a frontier cabin, and "Lincoln was a tall pine. was denied substantially every blessing that Lincoln kept on growing." most boys—even very poor boys—enjoy to- That he had intimations that there were day. The preparations he made and the things he was to do seems evident. Long contributions that were his and the oppor- before he matched his steel with the dread- tunities that came to him were all the result ful problem of slavery, he said, "When I hit of an iron determination—and the will of that thing, I'll hit it hard." And he just kept God. on growing. I am one who is prepared to believe that Lincoln's heart was with right and with Abraham Lincoln was chosen by God and the people. An old man who had listened to made ready by him in his own wise way for Abe at Gettysburg corrected the usual a great task that had to be done. I don't elocutionary presentation of his magnifi- suggest that Abraham Lincoln knew it dur- cent address there in one important particu-

l ing those days of deprivation, but certainly lar: "Abe didn't say of the people, by the there wasn't any mortal wise enough to people, for the people,' like they quote it," suppose that much good could come of a boy he said. "Abe said, 'of the people, by the " condemned to such a birth under such cir- people, for the people' cumstances, let alone to suppose that God The right? It was Lincoln who said was shaping a man to meet a challenge. "I am not bound to win, but I am bound

The early days of his manhood and matu- to be true ; I am not bound to succeed, but I rity didn't look much like it, either. He was am bound to live by the light I have." defeated again and again in his efforts to Think seriously about this man and what win political office and in other important he was and did. We, too, are serving the objectives he established for himself. But right, and our chief concern is people—God's he did not quit. He was getting ready. choice children. Keep serving and loving Know it or not, he was getting ready. I and growing. o

34 Era of Youth What Is a Girl By Elaine Good For? Cannon • Woman's role? What is it? the young woman of today asks. One hears a lot of talk about what today's girl is good for. One sees the word in print. But opinions vary greatly. Girls are counseled to marry and have families—to fulfill the measure of their I creation. But if they do, they are charged with adding to the problem of the population explosion. They are taught the same subjects as boys in school and trained to compete with them in the world of commerce. On the other hand, they are reminded that their place is in the home. What is the truth? The dichotomy can be

One thing of which an LDS girl is certain is that her role in the Church and in life will always be different from that of a boy. She has not been given the priesthood. God's power is not used through her exactly as it is in men. But a girl does have a power. Hers is the power to bear children, yes, but also to love, and with heart and hand to comfort, teach, and train, to heal and care for both old and young, man, woman, and child alike, wherever her service may take her. Growing up with an attitude toward service, maturing in the sweet spirit of waiting upon others, giving of one's self as only a woman can, will mark a girl's life happily. Her theme song might be:

"Have I done any good in the world today? Have I helped anyone in need? Have I cheered up the sad, And made someone feel glad? If not, I have failed indeed.

"Has anyone's burden been lighter today, Because I was willing to share?

February 1968

Have the sick and the weary Been helped on their way? When they needed my help was I there?"

Among the many wonderful ways a young girl can grow into her role of woman is to do volunteer work as a candy striper in a hospital. Two such teens are Latter-day Saints Marti Sonntag and Kathy Thorpe, caught in action by photographer Eldon Linschoten.

February 1968 & Responsiveness & to A\«in

By Paulette «» ~:'f Flandro VO

/ remember mud squishing between my toes, and the incredible softness of newborn puppies. I heard brook music when we went fishing, and ran to the melody of mother's call. I tasted honey on my fingers, and smelled apple blossoms in our tree. I cried when I was afraid or hurt, and I <> laughed when I was happy to be alive. Telling stories at the bedside of my brothers made me feel grown up. But in my heart I knew I wasn't. Somewhere as a child I learned to love. Love is the key to being properly responsive to life, to our fellowmen. Love begins when I ask my grown- up friend, "How are you?" and he answers me honestly. When he is happy, we run and laugh together. When he is depressed, I listen as he pours out his heart. I share his tears, as he would mine. I go to my friend, for there is love. Love is giving what I need to get. Love is responsiveness to man. Love begins when I realize that we are all children of God and respond to this sublime idea. I step into my parents' shoes and weaken when I see the challenges of rearing a family and creating a home where love is king. Then I understand how heartbreaking life would be without love, or love without eternal life. I must be a responsive child and listen to their wise counsel, for they are wise in the ways of love, and they are responsive to the counsel of Heavenly Father. Erich Fromm said, "Duty is an obligation, but responsibility is a response to something." I like to think responsibility is a response to love. If I am to be a responsible member of this • / looked around me at my world—my world generation, I must, then, be responsive to all this, I must educate both of unrelated textbooks and lectures, my world of mankind. To truly do philosophical discussions, my world of prayer my mind and heart, for what is knowledge with- without with the council of the Latter-day Saint Student out love? It is an empty barrel of facts is a Association, my world of refusing European meaning. Without love, Toynbee said, "Man moral standards while studying abroad, my world god of technology but an ape at life." good at life. Christ's of the promise of eternal progression, my world We are aiming to become love. "We believe in being of blindly insensitive people, and especially my Church is based on benevolent, virtuous, and in world of dear and treasured, high-principled honest, true, chaste, Church Jesus friends. doing good to all men." The of Saints was established to With all of these diverse influences, what sense Christ of Latter-day truly love our broth- have I made of the world? What is my relation- help us prepare ourselves to Only thus can ship to the scheme of things? What is my ers, to love God, and to serve him. his eternal presence. responsibility ? we earn our way back into

Era of Youth 38 ; ;

continues on page 42

Responsiveness to God By steve iba

• That grand old prophet Elijah was blessed with Must that responsiveness toward God fade into power from heaven to curse the earth with famine the light of common day ? The light from Father and to call fire down to consume the offering fades because we hide in caves. We build up walls before the prophets of Baal. Then Elijah left around ourselves. Can we be responsive to God if the land and lay down under a juniper tree and we're false, artificial, ungenuine with men? "Man ." slept. An angel of the Lord came to him and is spirit. . . That's our real selves. Only said: "Arise and eat; because the journey is too through a spirit-to-spirit communication and re- great for thee." lationship can we be known and come to know During the journey Elijah hid himself in a cave. one another. Too many times we allow only the scabbard to be seen, and never unsheath the knife. The voice of the Lord said unto him : "What doest thou here, Elijah? ... Go forth, and stand upon the mount before the Lord. And, behold, the "What doest thou here?" Can you hear that Lord passed by, and a great and strong wind rent voice when you're sleeping under your juniper tree the mountains, and brake in pieces the rocks or hiding in your cave? "Go forth and stand upon before the Lord; but the Lord was not in the the mount." Hear the voice of the Lord speak wind: and after the wind an earthquake; but to you, spirit to spirit, Father to son. Remember, the Lord was not in the earthquake: And after the he's not in the wind, earthquake, or fire, but in the earthquake a fire; but the Lord was not in still small voice within you. the fire; and after the fire a still small voice," (1 Kings 19:7, 9-12.) "Sometimes during solitude I hear truth spoken

And so it was with Elijah. He was a man like with clarity and freshness; uncolored and unit lan- unto ourselves. At times we all slumber under translated speaks from within myself in a our juniper trees. "We walk in darkness at guage original but inarticulate, heard only with I realize I it noonday," and are very insensitive toward life, the soul, and brought with me, was

it, I teach it to toward all that moves and lives around us. never taught nor can efficiently another." (President B. Brown.) But what do we hear from the Lord ? "Awake Hugh and arouse your faculties." Have you observed It's a personal response to know what the Father how a child is awake and responsive to his father wants us to do. As we respond, he responds, and and mother? We are the offspring of God, our then we become responsible to what we hear and Father, and "cometh from afar." feel. The words of Johann Schiller, which Beethoven put to music in his Ninth Symphony,

"Heaven lies about us in our infancy! are meaningful: Shades of the prison-house begin to close Upon the growing Boy, "Millions, myriads, rise and gather! this universal But he beholds the light, and whence it flows, Share kiss! Brothers, in bliss He sees it in his joy; a heaven of The Youth, who daily farther from the east Smiles the world's all loving Father. the millions, his creation, know him Must travel, still is Nature's Priest, Do And by the vision splendid And His works of love?

! In the heights above, Is on his way attended Seek Him In His starry habitation." At length the Man perceives it die away, And fade into the light of common day." (William Wordsworth, Do we seek him and know him, the world's all- "Intimations of Immortality.") loving Father? I wonder. O

February 1968 39 1 ,

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New Light on Because of the unprecedented inter- Such books, which were written to est generated throughout the Church assist in the safe passage of the dead by the recovery of 1 1 pieces of papyrus persons into the spirit world, were Joseph Smith's that were once the property of the commonly buried with Egyptian mum- Prophet Joseph Smith, The Improve- mies. The writings on the recently ment Era is reproducing here in color recovered fragments show that all of Egyptian all of the known papyri now in the these Book of the Dead papyri belonged possession of the Church. There are to the lady Taimin Mutninesikhonsu. 12 pieces in all; 11 of these are included Thus, we probably now know the name in the recent find (see January Era) of the female mummy that was in Rapyrl and one has been in the Church His- Joseph Smith's possession and on whose torian's Office over the years. The 12 person it was reported the papyrus was pieces of papyrus have now been num- originally found. bered and labeled by Dr. Hugh Nibley, Fragments 10 and 11 are unclassi- who has been assigned by the Church fied, unillustrated hieratic texts. (Hier- to direct the investigation and research atic text is a cursive, shorthand version Additional being done on the material. (See the of hieroglyphics.) second in his series of articles, "A New Fragment 4 is called the "Framed Fragment Look at the Pearl of Great Price," Trinity Papyrus" because this particu- page 14.) lar fragment had an old frame on it Fragment 1 is the section of the when it was found in the Metropoli- Disclosed papyrus manuscript from which the tan Museum of Art in New York. It is Prophet Joseph Smith obtained Fac- thought that the fragment may have simile No. 1, which is reproduced in been framed and displayed during the

the Book of Abraham. Prophet Joseph Smith's time. It is Fragments 2, 3A and 3B are un- labeled "Trinity" because such figures classified, illustrated fragments. as those shown in the upper left- Fragments 4-9—these include the hand illustration are interpreted by one from the Church Historian's Of- Egyptologists as representing the fice—are from the Book of the Dead. Trinity. D.L.G. 40 !')•<

tm9 mm t a. 1 —

Background of the Church Historian's Fragment

By Jay M. Todd bet and Grammar, perhaps this entry ten minutes after eight, rode till papyrus twenty-two minutes after ten, Editorial Associate helps to date and place the when fragment in its long journey from they stopped at the west branch of Nauvoo to Utah. the Nodaway, with Ezra Chase; they • As to the background of the Church (2) However, the most interesting resumed their journev at half past Historian's fragment, this is most and most puzzling—entry is found eleven and arrived at Pottawatomie puzzling. Two members of the his- under date of Saturday, July 11, 1846. Indian village forty five minutes after torian's office, A. William Lund and (As early as 1938, Dr. Sidney B. Sperry one p.m. Earl E. Olson, assistant Church his- of Brigham Young University, the "A Pottawatomie captain presented torians, do not recall any information "father" of much of our modern Pearl two sheets of the Book of Abraham; surrounding the fragment—only that of Great Price research, mentioned in also a letter from their 'Father' Joseph

it has been there throughout their part this intriguing entry in Ancient Smith, dated 1843, and a map of their " service. Brother Lund has been assistant Records Testify in Papyrus and Stone, land by W. W. Phelps Church historian since 1911, and has an MIA course of study.) "At seven The location of these meetings was worked since September 1908 in the a.m. President Brigham Young and the in western Iowa, where the Saints were historian's office. They believe that brethren with him went into council in establishing themselves at Council the fragment has been a part of the Powsheeks' tent, which was on the east Bluffs, Mount Pisgah, and other camps manuscript of the Egyptian Alphabet side of the creek. in preparation for the winter of 1846, and Grammar prepared by Joseph "Powsheek asked, where they would previous to the general exodus to the Smith preparatory to the translation of winter and where they would cross the Rocky Mountains a year later. The the Book of Abraham and that it ap- Missouri. It was reported that some- West Nodaway River generally ranges parently has always been in the body had stolen from the 'Mormons.' 45-55 miles east and southeast of Church's hands. A perusal of the files Powsheek said if he found anything, present-day Omaha, Nebraska. From

it. . . of the Church Historian's Office dis- he would return . Church history, it appears that Brig- closes these two items: "Powsheek spoke of Joseph Smith, ham Young was moving westward to- (1) Wednesday, October 17, 1855. the prophet, who had been murdered ward Council Bluffs at the time. ". . . The following books and papers and with whom he had been ac- This startling entry presents many were taken from this office today and quainted; said, the prophet was a great questions: 1) Were two different deposited in the fire proof vault of the and good man. presentations being made of the Book new Historian's Office, namely on the "As the Presidency passed out of the of Abraham material, or is the second 2nd shelf from the bottom: History tent, Banquejappa, a Pottawatomie reference supposed to be an amplifica-

Books, A., B.l, B.2 . . Egyptian Alpha- [sic] Chief, called us aside, and pre- tion of the first reference?

bet; . . . three plates of the Book of sented a paper counseling the Indians 2) Are there two presentations, one Abraham; red box with papers, blanks, not to sell their lands, given them by involving actual papyrus fragments, journal, sterotype [sic] plates." Thus, Jon. Dunham, and two sheets of the other involving a presentation of if the Church Historian's fragment has hieroglyphics, from the Book of Abra- printed sheets from the Book of Abra- always been with the Egyptian Alpha- ham. President B. Young started at ham printed in the Times and Seasons,

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which the second In- dian captain had acquired somehow and presented as a ges- to It ture of friendship Brigham Young? h 3) Do both presen- it tations involve newspaper clippings? 4) Since Baque- jappa was acquainted _{ with the Prophet, did the Prophet, in a gesture of affection \£l to the Indian chief, give him some pieces of papyrus that from his study the Prophet knew were not important to the Book of Abraham? (As noted above, Dr. Hugh Nibley asserts that the Church His- torian's fragment is from the Book of the Dead.) 5) If these were actual papyri fragments being returned, were they part of that which was "reported that somebody had stolen from the 'Mormons' "? 6) Did some In- dians, while visiting with Joseph Smith, steal some papers and papyrus from him, his office, or Church buildings? Why did the Baque- jappa call the men "aside"—a feeling of guilt?

Since the Indians had a letter from the Prophet, and apparently were acquainted with him, the

setting is such that it i is certainly possible that the Indians could have acquired through some means some actual papyrus ragments. 7) But perhaps the biggest unanswered question is: If the presentation actually did involve two papyrus fragments, is the newly named Church Historian's ragment one of those fragments? And if so, where is

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IV. Framed ("Trinity") papyrus

the other fragment? Numerous questions come to mind.

But the story is not yet fin- 7* - m '•"""ity ished. To add strength to the the Pota- possibility that }$&%&?&&.9 "SCT T. watami Indians actually

have obtained some **"•»' *"» could «Sr » *\ C "VIS manuscripts, perhaps even as y a gift from the Prophet Joseph "!dl -.».<•*«*« fit** 23 -""'*_? **& "vifcw Smith, the following entries mm m*f * Tj from the Documentary His- Jjr- %% tftlf : tory of the Church are pre- 7 sented: 1) Under date of jfjMdftf Saturday, June 24, 1843: "Sev- eral of the Pottawatomie [sic] Indians called to see the Nauvoo House and Temple. They wanted to talk, hut their ti II f i tit interpreter could not speak ****** to Dr. T. 1 *&#***}*& much." According pi* MUM \ \ajffEtt Edgar Lyon, well-known film Church historian associated with Nauvoo Restoration, Inc., Nauvoo was a prominent spot for Indians and was called by them Quashquema.

Indian burial grounds - . ¥* f abounded in the area. The Potawatami Indians were there, being ever pressed westward by settlers since »A- }Sf Iff their expulsion from the area around Lake Michigan in I «*• 1833. A famous American Indian war, the Black Hawk War, was also waged in this ''"' ***, i vicinity. At any event, when :..A y*_ * these Indians arrived, the Prophet Joseph was not in town. He had been forcefully taken the day before by two sheriffs from Missouri, who transported him under false sJ*?* arrest to Dixon, Lee County, f Illinois, some 140 miles north- east of Nauvoo. He was re- leased several days later under a writ of habeas corpus. 2) Under date of Sunday, July 2, 1843: "I had an interview with several Pottawat- tamie [sic] chiefs, who came to see me during my ab- sence." Following this statement, the Prophet had • * if.*. * *

~~trial. During their stay they Jtit had a talk with Hyrum Smith in the basement of the Nau-~~

~~voo House. . . . They were not free to talk, and did not wish to communicate their feelings "" * " * , . . » .'Ji; K , ,,„ # __. _ - * ,i „ , * ' \ -m " — - * »" i «»ii»~~

~~V. The serpent with legs —~~

~~40-E February 1968 VI. The swallow 4 *V> * V77. Man with sta/f (entering into glory)~~

day of July, 1843, President Joseph Smith and several of the Twelve met those chiefs >1 in the court-room, with about U twenty of the elders. The following is a synopsis of the conversation which took place *• 4^ *~\% as given by the interpreter: The Indian orator arose and fj *T: -f asked the Prophet if the men fT\ who were present were all his t*u«* friends. Answer yes. *» : —— "He then said 'We as a people have long been dis- tressed and oppressed. We have been driven from our

lands many times. . . . We have talked with the Great Spirit, and the Great Spirit has talked with us. We have asked the Great Spirit to save us and let us live; and the Great Spirit has told us that he had raised up a great Prophet, chief and friend, who would do us great good and tell us what to do; and the Great Spirit has told us that you are the man (pointing to the Prophet Joseph). We have now come a great way to see you, and hear your words, and to have you to tell us what to do. Our horses have become poor traveling, and we are hungry. We will now wait and hear your word.' The Spirit of God rested upon the Lamanites, especially the orator. Joseph was much affected and shed tears. He

~~arose and said unto them: 'I have heard your words. They are true. The Great Spirit has told you the truth. I am~~

~~your friend and brother, and I wish to do~~

~~you good. . . . The Great Spirit has given me a book, and told me that you will soon be blessed again. The Great Spirit will soon begin to~~

~~talk with you and your children. This is the~~

~~book which your fathers made. I wrote upon |. tit a * *• %•"!! it | showing them the Book of Mormon |.~~

~~This tells you what you will have to do. i now want you to begin to pray to the Great~~

~~Spirit. I want you to make peace with one another, and do not kill any more Indians;~~

it is not good. Do not kill white men; it is not good; but ask the Great Spirit for what you want, and it will not be long before the Great Spirit will bless you, and you will cultivate the earth and build good houses ^Ti^ttt?,^; like white men. We will give you something Mf*< to eat and to take home with you.' the prophet's words were inter- <*- —A "When preted to the chiefs, they all said it was

~~good. . . . "At the close of the interview, Joseph had an ox killed for them, and — they were furnished with VIII. ." some more horses. . . (Ital- Inverted ics added.) triangle~~

~~40-F Improvement Era .~~

In addition to this brief information, which certainly portrays a picture of emo- tion and deep respect between the Potawatami Indians and the Prophet Joseph Smith, the date of the event is most important. It is July 1843, more //Ht «.'. t %: ,- // ^ than a year after the Book of Abraham had first been printed in Times and Seasons in 1842. By now the Prophet knew which pieces of papyrus were important, in terms of v ft" i su . S _j religious scripture, and which were not. During the Indians' stay, and in a gesture of lasting friendship, the Prophet may have given them either pages from Times and Seasons, which featured Book of Abra- ham facsimiles, or perhaps some actual papyrus fragments, or both. Thus, in addition to food and horses, the Prophet may have wished to give the Indians a personal token, something of value or of antiquity to demonstrate

~~! I his affection and bond with them. At any event, it seems apparent that whatever it was that the Indians gave to Brig- ham Young in 1846 was that which they had obtained~~

~~2 »/ *f^df < during their 1843 Nauvoo visit with the Prophet Joseph Smith. It is certainly a most intriguing puzzle. —~~

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February 1968 40-G With our readers, the staff anticipation to additional de- of The Improvement Era will velopments in this fascinating be looking forward with eager story, and to the unfolding of the meaning of the hiero- IX. Church Historian's fragment glyphics and illustrations on these valuable manuscripts as \ they are given by Dr. Nibley O z&i&Jihfa in his articles.

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~~X. Hieratic text, the "Sensen" papyrus, labeled "first one"' (unillustratcd) XI. Small "Sensen" text (unillustrated)~~

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~~continued from page 39 the~~

~~• •~~

• In our exacting lives, we are either growing 7. I don't always agree with what I hear and spiritually or we are losing ground. We either Daysee there. feed the spirit or it withers and dies. There is no 8. I don't think they have very good music. neutral course. If we have not grown spiritually' 9. The shows are held in the evening, and that's during the Sabbath day, of what value has it beenHolythe only time I have to be home with family. to us? We may have obtained much-needed We can see how ridiculous these excuses seem physical relaxation, but we would be foolish in- when they are used in this manner. In June 1959 By Steve deed to overlook the fact that the finest care of Presidents David 0. McKay, J. Reuben Clark, Jr., Sorensen the physical self is no substitute for the neglect and Henry D. Moyle of the First Presidency issued (Freshman soul. the following in a statement concerning the of the at Yale Theodore Roosevelt was once asked by a soldier University Sabbath if he could not worship God while in the moun- from Capitol "The Sabbath is not just another day on which tains as well as in church on Sunday. Roosevelt Hill Ward, we merely rest from work, free to spend it as our Salt Lake promptly replied, "You could, but you don't." It light-mindedness may suggest. It is a holy day, Stake) is true that Moses found God on a mountain, and the Lord's day, to be spent as a day of worship Joseph Smith found him in a grove of trees, but, and reverence. All matters extraneous thereto as has been pointed out, neither of them had a should be shunned. golf club or was carrying a fishing pole in his hand "This is a Holy Day of the Lord, on which we at the time. are commanded to pour out our souls in gratitude William E. Berrett writes, "It takes proper for the many blessings of health, strength, physi- environment to induce deep thinking and deep cal comfort, and spiritual joy which come from feeling. It requires the harmony of soul that is the Lord's bounteous hand." accomplished in prayer or song. It needs the President McKay has further commented on assuring presence of others reaching for the same our conduct when we do come to Church on Sun- things in order to quicken the spirit within us. It day. He states: "When you enter a church build- requires the spirit of God to reach out and kindle ing, you are coming into the presence of our the flame of our own spirit. Jesus said, 'Where Father in heaven; and that thought should be two or three are gathered together in my name, sufficient incentive for you to prepare your hearts, " there I will be in the midst of them.' your minds, and even your attire, that you might You may remember the story of the two min- appropriately and properly sit in his pres- ." isters who were mulling over some of the time- ence. . . worn excuses for not attending church. They de- In conclusion, William E. Berrett suggests five cided to apply these excuses for not attending questions to ask ourselves each Sabbath day church to something people like to do, such as 1. Have I this day learned one new spiritual going to the movies. They came up with this truth? list: 2. Have I come one whit closer to understand-

1. I don't attend the movies because the man- ing and loving my fellowman ? ager of the theater has never visited me. 3. Have I resolved anew to become in my words 2. I did go a few times, but no one spoke to me. and actions more like Jesus Christ?

~~Those who go there aren't very friendly. 4. Have I renewed my solemn covenants with 3. Every time I go they ask me for money. God?~~

~~4. Not all folks who go to the movies live up 5. Have I kept my mind unhampered by to the high standards of the film. thoughts of violence, financial schemes, petty~~

~~5. I went to the movies so much as a child I've jealousies, or sordid desires? decided I have had all the entertainment I need. If we can answer "yes" to all of these, we may~~

~~6. The performance lasts too long; I can't sit be sure that we have indeed kept the Sabbath still for an hour and a half. day holy. q~~

~~42 Era of Youth —~~

~~Youth speaks to someone important Elder Marion G. Romney of the Council of the Twelve—about the Sustaining Power of the HolyGhos~~

~~Q. Elder Romney, in seminary we are considering the question of the sustaining power of the Holy Ghost. What happens when we receive the witness of the Holy Ghost?~~

One who receives the witness of the Holy Ghost has a sure knowledge that God lives; that he is our Father in heaven; that Jesus Christ is our Elder Brother in the spirit and the Only Begotten of the Father in the flesh, our Savior and Redeemer. Such a one knows that the universal order in the heavens above, in the earth beneath, and in the waters under the earth, all give evidence that God lives; he knows that the testimonies of the prophets concerning the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost are accurate and true. Secure in this knowledge, his life has purpose. The gospel of Jesus Christ becomes for him what Paul said it is: "The power of God unto salvation." (Rom. 1:16.)

~~February 1968 *»» *M~~

~~mV ^Jntf~~

Enthusiasm and the ability to make A jazz-singing Mormon girl is win- new- and additional opportunities are ning a name for herself in the collegiate qualities that prompted the MIA general jazz festivals of America. She is Brig- board to create 30 more honor badges ham Young University undergraduate after Esther Oeknick had completed the Cheryln Olson. She took second place

~~required Beehive honor badges. Esther in one international collegiate event in is chorister of the MIA in the German Florida and looks forward to bigger~~

~~Speaking Ward in Salt Lake City. stakes this year. She has made a major recording release and has appeared on several TV shows. with the~~

~~We talked with members of the Centerville (Utah) Fourth Ward of Davis Stake, and they were charmed indeed~~

~~by the two-day charm school for all~~

~~MIA girls and their mothers. A per-~~

~~sonal invitation in the form of a dress pattern brought enthusiastic crowds to~~

~~hear about hair styling, manners,~~

~~grooming, and social graces, and to~~

~~see a fashion show culminating in a~~

~~wedding party. The bride was Linda~~

~~Duncan, who paused on the runway in her own wedding gown and spoke of the beauty of a temple marriage. Other speakers included Noma Kjar, Barbara Sylvester, Margaret Farmer, Loretta~~

~~Tolman, lla Devereaux, Frankie Free- man, and Joan Roybal.~~

~~Era of Youth Next time you thumb through your Seventeen magazine or watch a young adult cosmetic commercial on TV, keep~~

~~Denver is a stop-off point for many nomination for President of the United your eyes open for an active LDS girl~~

~~travelers, and when George Romney, a States, and Sister Romney made such a named Laurie Gunter from Queens~~

~~Latter-day Saint who is seeking the stop, there were some excited youth on (New York) Ward, Long Island Stake,~~

~~hand to greet them. Most excited was who is a professional model. Laurie~~

~~Randy Dunbar, who enjoyed a special is an honor roll student and yell leader~~

~~birthday treat in being guest at break- at high school and the girls' athletic Editors fast with the celebrities. director for her ward.~~

~~February 1968 46 Era of Youth Scene with the Editors~~

"Talent undeveloped is talent lost," someone said, but there won't be much of that happening in Wards like Salt Lake City's Highland View 2nd! Put to- Milling around the BYU campus, one gether interested leaders like Bishop Jean McDonough and counselors, tal- meets friends from all over the world ented directors and designers like Pat where Church service has called. Saw Davis, Donna Warner, and Cliff Davis, a musical like Annie Get Your Gun, and new professor Joseph Wood (former NINETY-FIVE CHOICE YOUNG PEOPLE bishop, now an MIA general board willing to rehearse at 6 A.M. daily for three months, and you have a really member) greeting newcomers Paul great experience that blessed partici- Larsen and Jean Ahlstrom from Idaho pants, viewers, and the missionary fund. and Chris Lo Presti from California.

~~February 1968 47 ;~~

U/U 4& (pvd^MA^no more timely topic than FREEDOM— faithful unto his words, and choose eternal life, according to what iris and how to get it. The scriptures have something the will of his Holy Spirit to say about the subject. You'll profit from reading and "And not choose eternal death, according to the will of the flesh applying them. and the evil which is therein, which giveth the spirit of the "Then said Jesus to those "And the Messiah cometh in devil power to captivate, to bring Jews which believed on him, If the fulness of time, that he may you down to hell, that he may ye continue in my word, then redeem the children of men reign over you in his own king- are ye my disciples indeed; from the fall. And because that dom." "And ye shall know the truth, they are redeemed from the fall (2 Ne. 2:26-29.) and the truth shall make you they have become free forever, free." (John 8:30-32.) knowing good and evil ; to act for "But whoso looketh into the themselves and not to be acted "They answered him, We be perfect law of liberty, and con- upon, save it be by the punish- Abraham's seed, and were never tinueth therein, he being not a ment of the law at the great and in bondage to any man: how forgetful hearer, but a doer of last day, according to the com- sayest thou, Ye shall be made the work, this man shall mandments which God hath be free? blessed in his deed." given. "Jesus answered them, Verily, (Jas. 1:25.) "Wherefore, men are free ac- verily, I say unto you, Whoso- cording to the flesh; and all is ". ever committeth sin the ser- . . where the Spirit of the things are given them which are vant of sin. Lord is, there is liberty." expedient unto man. And they "And the servant abideth not (2 Cor. 3:17.) are free to choose liberty and in the house for ever: but the eternal life, through the great Son abideth ever. mediation of all men, or to "Abide ye in the liberty "If the Son therefore shall choose captivity and death, ac- wherewith ye are made free; make you free, ye shall be free cording to the captivity and entangle not yourselves in sin, indeed." but let your hands be clean, un- power of the devil ; for he seek- (John 8:30-36.) eth that all men might be til the Lord comes." "I, the Lord God, make you miserable like unto himself. (D&C 88:86.) free, therefore ye are free in- "And now, my sons, I would deed; and the law also maketh that ye should look to the great "And I will walk at liberty: you free." Mediator, and hearken unto his for I seek thy precepts."

~~(D&C 98:8.) great commandments ; and be (Ps. 119:45.)~~

~~48 Era of Youth By Bishop John H. Vandenberg~~

for parents is basic to true man- and whose hair is white with years. The Presiding Bishop hood or true womanhood. When he was in his youth, he was Talks to Youth About An account is given of an returning one evening from the English boy who was once sent to hay fields on his father's farm. RESPECT watch his father's field. On no ac- He had been working since day- count was he to let anyone go break, when his father met him

through it. The boy had scarcely with a request that he go to town • During the Savior's earthly min- taken his post when some hunts- to do an errand. The elderly man istry, as he associated with the lep- men came up and ordered him to said:

~~ers, the maimed, the wise, or as open the gate. He declined to do "I was tired, dirty, and hungry.~~

he knelt in solemn prayer before so, telling them that he meant to It was two miles to town. I wanted his father's instructions. his Father, one senses that he pos- obey At to get my supper. My first impulse sessed a for last one of them came up and profound respect was to refuse, and to do it harshly, others. Even during the trial, said in a commanding voice, "My for I was angry that my father

~~when those he loved betrayed him, boy, you do not know me, but I should ask me to go after my long~~

~~and those he came to serve am the Duke of Wellington. I am day's work. But I knew that if I did mocked and cursed him, not once not accustomed to being diso- refuse, he would go himself. 'Of~~

~~did he speak with disrespect. Even beyed. I command you to open course, Father, I'll go,' I said heart-~~

when the mobs cried; ''Crucify this gate." ily, giving my scythe to one of the him! Crucify him!" and he was The boy lifted his cap and an- men. 'Thank you, Jim,' my father taken to firmly, "I Golgotha to suffer the swered am sure that the replied. 'I was going myself, but most excruciating pains, his Duke of Wellington would not somehow I don't feel very strong

thoughts, were for the welfare of wish me to obey his order. I today.' his mother, for those he loved, must keep the gate shut. No one "He walked with me to the and even for those who drove nails can pass through but by my fa- road that turned off to the town, into his hands, and a disdainful ther's express permission." and as he left me he put his hand word never parted his lips. Then the Duke took off his own on my arm and said again, 'Thank Young men and women, it is hat and said, "I honor the man or you, my son; you've always been this great characteristic of respect boy who can neither be frightened a good boy to me, Jim.

~~that I would like to consider with nor bribed into disobeying orders. "I hurried into town and back~~

you. This is a virtue that is often With an army of such soldiers I again. When I came near the difficult for young people to fully could not only the conquer house, I saw that something un- appreciate; yet it is a characteristic French but the world." usual had happened. All the farm- of maturity, dignity, and greatness. Obedience to parents is the hands were gathered about the

~~While respect is a virtue that has most sublime form of respect. It door instead of doing the chores.~~

~~application in each phase of our is often the so-called little things When I came nearer, one of the~~

~~lives, may I discuss with you its that convey respect. It is well, men turned to me with tears roll- application in some areas that seem young men and women, that you ing down his face. 'Your father,'~~

of particular importance in our realize how much of what you are he said, 'is dead. He fell just as he day. and what you have, you owe to reached the house. His last words your parents. There are no people he spoke of you.' Respect for Parents in your life more deserving of your "I am an old man now, but I From the time of Adam, to respect. thanked God over and over again Sinai, to our day, the responsi- We often hear some young peo- in all the years that have passed bility of youth to respect their ple comment that they wish that since that hour for those last parents has been with us. Great they were given more respect, words of my father-'You've always " men have always respected their and this plea is not without cause. been a good boy to me.' parents. As Christ, our Master, Yet a basic rule of human rela- Having respect for your parents the greatest of all, hung bleeding tions is that "respect begets re- is the first step toward nobility. on the cross, he thought his spect." You will find that you will of Respect for Others mother's welfare. Abraham Lin- gain respect from your parents coln, one of the greatest of Amer- and others as you honor and re- Respect is an attitude that often icans, said on one occasion, "All spect them. finds expression in what is called that I am or ever hope to be I Recently an incident was told "common courtesy." It is a tragedy owe to my angel mother." Respect by a man whose form is now bent of our time to find that "common

February 1968 49 courtesy" isn't as common as acts of so-called civil disobedi- Lord said unto him, Arise, and go might be so. This form of respect ence. Municipal ordinances and into the city, and it shall be told and consideration is so essential state statutes have been wilfully thee what thou must do." (Acts and so basic. "All doors are open and intentionally disobeyed by 9:4, 6.) to courtesy," said Thomas Fuller. individuals and groups. Private Now, the Lord could have told And as Tennyson observed: "The property has been subject to de- Saul in a few words what he was greater man the greater courtesy." liberate trespass. Mobs have taken to do, but the Lord understood

Courtesy is a form of respect that to the streets, interfering with Saul's nature, and he knew that is a necessary part of a true man commerce, creating public disor- Saul would find difficulty in rec- or a true woman. It reflects self- der, and breaching the peace. ognizing and respecting the au- confidence and self-esteem. Speak- Civil disobedience has at times thority of the Church leaders, as ing in this regard, E. S. Martin said, been advocated from some of the later instances proved. So in an

"Self-respect is at the bottom of pulpits throughout the land and effort to impress upon Saul the all good manners. They are the encouraged, upon occasions, by vital importance of respecting the expression of discipline, of good- ill-advised statements of public authority of the Church, the Lord will, of respect for other people's officials. Mobs have frequently sent the learned Saul to Ananias, rights, and comfort and feelings." been so large that the police were the humble presiding officer of the

It is well, young people, that we helpless to make arrests. These Church in Damascus, the very examine ourselves and see that in acts of so-called disobedience man whom Saul was going to ar- all our actions we are courteous have been proclaimed by impor- rest, for instructions regarding the and considerate—with that respect tant political personages to be in gospel of Jesus Christ. which comes from within. the finest American tradition. It Respect for authority is basic in "Nothing," said Cicero, "is more was said to be good Christian doc- our doctrine. The Lord, in the becoming a great man than cour- trine to disregard man-made laws Doctrine and Covenants, empha- tesy." which conflicted with one's own sized this point when he declared:

~~conscience, and, of course, by "What I the Lord have spoken,~~

implication, those who enforced I have spoken, and I excuse not Respect for Law man-made laws were likewise to myself; and though the heavens be disregarded. This is indeed a and the earth pass away, my word Respect for law civil author- ." and strange and false doctrine. . . shall not pass away, but shall all ity is a basic tenet of our beliefs. It is in direct opposition to the dec- be fulfilled, whether my mine own The Prophet Joseph Smith stated laration of the Prophet Joseph voice or by the voice of my serv- that "we believe in being subject Smith, who stated that "to the ants, it is the same." (D&C 1:38.) to kings, presidents, rulers, and laws all men owe respect and There is a great blessing for you magistrates, in obeying, honoring, ." Aaronic Priest- deference. . . (D&C 134:6.) young men of the and sustaining the law." This is This sets forth a challenge to hood and you young ladies, if an area that is being mocked and you young men and women of you'll grasp the implications of ridiculed by some in our society the Church to hold forth a light of this statement of the Lord. Look today. In the United States a mur- respect in the midst of this dis- to the Prophet, to your stake der occurs every 48 minutes, a dain for the laws and statutes president, and to your bishop; forcible rape every 21 minutes, a that have made this land great. respect their authority and follow

1 robbery every 3 /2 minutes, an auto their counsel. theft every 57 seconds, a grand Respect, as we have said, is larceny every 35 seconds, and a Respect for Divine basic. Far too frequently in our burglary every 23 seconds. Authority present-day society, young people, A rather startling and tragic note insecure in their false maturity,

is that 48 percent of the arrests The Apostle Paul had to be turn to disrespect, thinking it will for serious crimes in the United taught respect for authority before shore-up their own self-image. States are of youths under 18 he was called to the ministry. The Little do they realize that in so years of age. Book of Acts tells of Saul's venge- doing, they are "betraying their President McKay, in comment- ful trip toward Damascus, which own right to excellence." ing on this disrespect for law and was interrupted when the voice of May we conclude by paraphas-

authority, quoted one of our U. S. the Lord cried out to Saul: "Saul, ing a statement made by President senators. He said, "America has Saul, why persecutest thou me?" McKay: "Little men may succeed, been afflicted over the past three And Saul said, "Lord, what wilt but without [respect] they can or four years by an epidemic of thou have me to do? And the never be great."

~~50 Improvement Era The Era Asks~~

~~About Genealogy in the Church Today~~

Genealogy has been a widely discussed and much-practiced art Fifth, the program of putting genealogy into the hands of the throughout the Church the past several years, and is the subject of the priesthood, with the stake presi- following intervieiv. The participants are: Elder Theodore M. Burton, dents and bishops in charge, has Assistant to the Council of the Twelve, vice president and general man- been of immense value. Sixth, the laboratory programs ager of the Genealogical Society; Paid F. Royall, general secretary of that were designed to help the the Genealogical Society; David E. Gardner, analyst in genealogy, Saints get the feel of genealogical

Genealogical Society; Ernest C. Jeppsen, dean of the College of Indus- work have caught fire and enlisted a remarkable portion of the Church trial and Technical Education, Brigham Young University; Norman E. membership. These include the Wright, chairman, genealogical research technology, BYU; V. Ben Blox- MIA "genealogy in action" classes, ham, instructor in genealogical research, BYU. the three-generation program, con-

Q—Which of the many changes Second, one of the finest steps made within the past few years in forward has been to simplify our genealogy have influenced the procedures. Our book of instruc- work most? tions used to be nearly two inches Elder Burton—It's a thrilling thing thick, but we have cut it to one- to be on the threshold of great fourth that size and hope to

~~progress, and the Church and the simplify it even further. Genealogical Society have taken Third, a small, highly trained~~

some great strides forward, of core of specialists is providing re- which I can think of nearly a dozen, search papers on various language First, I think that providing free and genealogical problems for the

access to all our genealogical li- benefit of all the Saints who will brary facilities has done more than read their research papers. This is any other single thing to give a fantastic service! impetus to research. Formerly, one Fourth, the Priesthood Gene- had to sign up and then wait to alogical Committee members per- obtain books or archive records; formed a wonderful mission as they now the books are on open shelves went throughout the Church en- on a help-yourself basis. couraging genealogical endeavors. Elder T. M. Burton ponders question.

~~February 1968 51 sisting of seven family group sheets, keep the temples operating at top At present we have 61 branch li-~~

and the fourth-generation program, capacity if we relied solely on the braries and supply so many micro- consisting of eight family group present rate of research by Latter- filmed copies of records to all our sheets. With these programs we day Saints. Because of this situa- libraries that we have three large

have tried to lift people out of tion, we had to create the records duplicating machines running over- classroom situations into laboratory tabulation program, or the extract- time. The Church is the largest situations where they actually work ing of names and data from copies individual consumer of microfilm in on genealogy. You see, in genealogy of parish registers for temple the world—not counting the U.S. one learns faster by doing than by work. But we hope to develop a government as a whole, although listening. program whereby the Saints can we do consume more microfilm There are other steps that have supply sufficient names to keep the than any single government agency. contributed to the great rise in temples operating. Perhaps the interest in genealogy, but these are time will come when the program Q—The program of microfilming some of the important ones of the of providing names for temple original records throughout the past few years. work can be centered on the stake world has been well publicized,

level. However, as we build more but is it possible for the data on Q—Are the three- and fourth-gen- and more temples, perhaps we will the records to be indexed so the eration programs to be continued? see the day when no matter how Saints could quickly identify in- many names the Saints supply, we formation found therein? Elder Burton—Yes, because this is an extremely efficient training will still need names from parish Elder Burton—We are presently program for new converts coming records. experimenting with several stakes into the Church and for our Saints in an indexing program of this type. who reactivate themselves in the Q—How do you feel about the For example, the Springville Church or in genealogy. Also, state of involvement of the Saints (Utah) Stake is indexing the rec- many new families come into the in genealogy? ords from Iceland. They compile Church through the marriages of Elder Burton—During the past six the census records and index them our own youth. Thus, there will years we noticed a decrease of ac- alphabetically. Some of the stakes always be a need for a training tivity, but that trend has been in the Pacific are doing the same program in genealogy. arrested, and we are starting to thing with Polynesian records. If climb again. Many reasons ac- these experiments prove fruitful, Q—Do Latter-day Saints supply counted for the decrease, including we will ask more stakes to sufficient names for temple work? the speed of present-day life, but a cooperate. Elder Burton—No, we couldn't new and significant interest in It is amazing what modern tech- genealogy is manifesting itself, and nology and facilities can do for us.

we are most thrilled with it. Also, For instance, 20 years ago, if one the accuracy and the quality of was interested in Danish research, research work done by the Saints he would probably go to Denmark, are improving. A sense of respon- face language difficulties, trans-

sibility for doing better work is portation difficulties, problems in manifesting itself very much—and locating records, and the problem that is a marvelous thing when you of spending sufficient time with

think of it. the records to make his trip successful, and then be confronted Q—Will the day ever come when with the problem of trying to read the Saints will be able to check a foreign language in a script that records out of the genealogical might be archaic. Today, however, libraries and take them home for with modern methods of micro- study? filming, the records of Denmark Elder Burton—Not in the near fu- and many other lands are brought ture. Under the present arrange- to our genealogical libraries, and ment, all records must stay in the volunteer workers are translating Paul Royall notes stature of Gene- buildings. But we are expanding the foreign archaic script into Eng- alogical Society to Jay M. Todd. branch libraries as fast as we can. lish. In a few days of constant

52 Improvement Era research, one can now find informa- steps forward. Instead of the his competency. We have over tion that previously would have Genealogical Society providing one hundred such accredited re- taken years of research. trained researchers for the Saints, searchers. Thus, those who have

it was decided that we would particular genealogical research Q—What is the stature of the begin a system of accrediting re- needs can hire accredited research- Church and its Genealogical So- searchers. Anyone with the neces- ers for difficult problems. In this ciety among professional orga- sary training and knowledge could we have been helped considerably nizations? take an examination to determine by Brigham Young University and

Royal I —It is becoming a common occurrence to hear professionals speak of the Church's Genealogical Society as the largest and best- Richard L Evans equipped in the world. And our rather sudden rise to this stature The Spoken Word within a 10- to 20-year period is remarkable. We receive many letters requesting the society to send its specialists to various pro- times feel the fessional genealogical organizations we may pressure of people. But when we feel on speaking assignments. Often, Atcrowded or impatient with people, we may well think how empty and dreary, lonely poor life we have been able to oblige them how and and purposeless would be without those who live with us and around us. "If a wise man were if one of our people has had a stake conference assigment nearby. The granted a life of abundance of everything material, so that he had leisure to contemplate everything worth knowing," said Cicero, "still if could stature and opening of doors that he not communicate with another human being he would abandon life."1 have come from this kind of fellow- In many places, we could still spread out and live hermit-like and see ship have been truly inspiring. less of others, if we wanted to, but we come together for convenience, for skills and services, for education, for cultural enrichment. owe Q—What has been the response We a debt to others for food prepared, for medicines those admin- to the research papers that you and who have published through the Era? ister them, for shelter and conveniences, and for services and safety; but more than this—for a broadening of life, for company and companion- (See page 22 of this issue.) ship, for just being there, for relieving us of sheer loneliness. And since Elder Burton—There has been a tremendous upsurge of interest by this is so, among life's foremost lessons is to learn to get along, and to our own members, and we have a see and consider what other people really mean to us. There can be too many. Life can cluttered. large file of complimentary letters become People can be too impersonal. from other professional genealogi- But there could also be too few, with poverty of ideas and emptiness of cal organizations, which often as life. And with too few, we soon would sense not only our dependence not offer to trade or exchange on others, but the blessing of knowing there is someone there and the some of their records for copies of debt we owe each other for the mere fact of human feeling. At home,

ours. This is an excellent way to and worldwide, we need more of appreciation and less of fault-finding, increase our library at minimal cost. that the warmth and goodwill of the Prince of Peace, the Master of man-

By the way, it is often necessary to kind, may move more among us, with more awareness of what we owe buy collections of records, so we to others. Despite all misunderstandings, despite all problems and welcome contributions! impatience, we owe something to all the people there are, for the enrichment and variety of life, for the simple privilege of association. For Q—With the acquisition of rec- this, and for much more, we owe each other kindness and care and con- 2 ords from around the world, how sideration. "No man is an island," wrote John Donne. There is no have you coped with the in- one who doesn't need others, whether he knows it or not. creased need for qualified re- MDicero, quoted in The Royal Bank of Canada Monthly Letter, "Communication Is Vital," Vol. 48, searchers to assist Saints in No. 10. genealogical research problems? 2John Donne, Seventh Century Meditation, No. 17. Elder Burton This answer in- — * "The Spoken Word" from Temple Square, presented over KSL and the Columbia cludes another of the significant Broadcasting System December 3, 1967. Copyright 1967.

~~February 1968 53 This beautiful book in full color just off the press~~

~~its staff of experts in genealogy. Wright—Since we started our two- year genealogical course program at BYU six years ago, we have graduated 51 students in the pro-~~

gram, from which 14 of these students have applied and successfully passed the accreditation examina- for joining LDS BOOKS tion. Some of the graduates are doing professional genealogy CLUB this month! work full time, others part-time.

~~A fascinating portrayal of Q—How many universities offer the truths taught by Jesus, credit or a degree in this type of~~

~~presented in a special research?~~

Jeppsen is way to help you share —There no university in the U.S., including BYU, that gives the gospel with a bachelor's degree in genealogical friends and research. We do give an associate loved ones. degree, however, which is a two- year degree for technicians. We are studying the possibility of a bachelor's degree in genealogical research and library science. Student interest in genealogical classes at BYU has been very high. A few other schools, such as American Make your first Club selection University in Washington, D.C., do from the following books: give credit classes in genealogical research. At one time at least one 1. The Quest for Excellence 4. Answers to Book of Mormon 7. Mormon Doctrine university in Germany offered a by Sterling W. Sill Questions, by Sidney B. Sperry by Bruce R. McConkie in Collection of articles packed with Many questions candidly and Summary of fundamental doctrines degree genealogical research. stimulating information. $3.75 openly discussed. $3.50 of the gospel $6.95 Bloxham—Both the University of

~~2. Fantastic Victory 5. Faith of a Scientist 8. Fascinating Womanhood by W. Cleon Skousen by Dr. Henry Eyring by Helen B. Andelin~~

An authoritative account of Israel's Dramatic proof that religion and Principles which must be applied latest rendezvous with destiny. science can and do function in in winning a man's genuine love. $3.75 harmony. $3.00 $4.95

~~3. Life Everlasting 6. Ten Most Wanted Men 9. Joseph Smith by Duane S. Crowther by Paul Dunn by his Mother, Lucy Mack Smith~~

~~A comprehensive look at the estate A look at the ten most desirable An intimate glimpse into the life of man. $4.50 traits of leadership. $3.95 of the Prophet. $3.50~~

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~~Enclosed is my check or money order in the amount of $ for first my club selection circled below. I understand that I will receive "The Way to Happiness" absolutely free for joining this month.~~

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Enroll me as a LOS BOOKS CLUB member and send me monthly review. I hereby agree to purchase a minimum of 4 regular selections or alternates during the next 12 months at the regular advertised price. (Premium books for joining do not qualify as a regular Club selection

or alternate). I may resign anytime after purchasing 4 books. For each 4 books I accept, I will receive a valuable bonus book free — a savings of 20%. V. Ben Bloxham and David E. Gardner add research know-how to interview. NAME ADDRESS

~~CITY, STATE, ZIP..~~

~~54 Improvement Era .~~

Arizona at Tucson and the cilors, bishops, high priest group California State Department of leaders, quorum presidencies, ward Continuing Education teach gene- record examiners, instructors, alogical research. branch librarians. About 800 Gardner—Several universities in people attended last year's seminar. England provide course work in related fields, particularly the Uni- Q—What is the schedule for the versity of London and the Uni- next seminar? versity of Kent. The latter school Elder Burton—Beginning Monday, is building a full-degree program August 12, through Friday, August Prices in the area of history, genealogy, 16, on the BYU campus, we will are LOW and family history. intently study aspects of genealogy. in Idaho Elder Burton—In line with what Each day a General Authority will other universities are doing, I think speak. Some 50 styles include all L.D.S. temple Latter-day Saints can take pride in Throughout the week we will designs in white and latest parchments. Matching Mormon albums, napkins, other what BYU is doing to assist the study such things as how to accessories. One day rush order service.

Saints and the Church through its obtain genealogical information genealogical course work. But from the Genealogical Society, what should be of widespread in- how to use the Pedigree Referral terest to all genealogically minded Service, how to get information Send 25c for catalog & samples, refunded

on first order. (50c if air mail desired.) Latter-day Saints is our priesthood from the Temple Records Index REXCRAFT, Rexburg, Idaho 83440 genealogy seminar held annually at Bureau, how to get information Name BYU. from archives, how to use gene-

~~Address - alogical branch libraries. We will~~

~~City, Zone, State Q—Who is invited to attend this be studying beginning and ad- seminar? vanced research methods and pro-~~

Elder Burton Anyone who is in- cedures, and how to solve problems — BLACK & WHITE terested in genealogy and the in genealogy. There will be tech- priesthood aspects of it. nical courses on research problems Gardner— This certainly would in- in the U.S., Canada, Latin Amer- LIYI W 8 exposure roll clude those who hold ward and ica, and various European countries. DEVELOPEP & PRINTED stake positions that deal with gene- We will also discuss priesthood IN JUMBO SIZE alogy: stake presidents, high coun- genealogy in the future and where 12 exposures 504 • 20 exposures $1.00 36 exposures $1 .50 COLOR FILM DEVELOPING KODACOLOR 8-Exposure Roll per Dev. and Printing $2.55 roll 12-Exposure Roll ^ __ per

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36 exp., Dev. and Mount. . . $2.40 roll Color Movie per 8 mm, 25' Roll $1 .35 roll GENEALOGY PHOTOS NEGATIVES MADE of OLD Hi PHOTOS, 604 each. PRINTS of NEGATIVE, 84 each Ernest C. Jeppsen and Norman E. Wright of Brigham Young University's genealogical program discuss the BYU's contributions to genealogy. Send coin only—no C.O.D.'s Money-Back Guarantee SAM'S PHOTO LAB

~~P.O. Box 1 1 1 5 Dept. AA Salt Lake City, Utah February 1968 55 One of the nicest~~

today's knowledge and technology are taking us. things we can say Bloxham—For example, we are going to have actual documents placed on transparencies, and we will show how to use passenger for Knabe is that lists of arrivals, Indian census records, federal census records, military documents. The latest research by professional organiza- the Met won't sing tions throughout the world will be explained. From the standpoint of one interested in genealogy, the kind of training that will be of- without it. fered by the Genealogical Society and BYU's leading genealogical ex-

Over forty years ago the Metropolitan perts and by our General Authori- Opera made Knabe its official piano. ties who will speak on priesthood We've been with the Met ever since. genealogy will be all encompass-

Which says a lot for the way we sound. ing. This really is a remarkable you find Sutherland, Stevens, When opportunity. Corelli and Callas all agreeing Wright All interested persons on something, it must be — something. That's why should correspond with Special you'll find Knabe Courses and Conferences at Brig- pianos at lead- ham Young University, Provo, institutions ing Utah, at their earliest convenience. such as Brig- Registration fee is $10 for the ham Young and week. will instruc- Utah Universities. There be three We go to great tional periods of one and one-half lengths to get hours each, held between 8:30 a.m. artists to love us. We and 4:30 p.m. Housing may be ob- make our tone contained on or off campus. On sistent and beautiful campus, board and room will cost Our action swift and responsive. On stage, that's vital. Off stage, our fine furniture look is just as important. You'll get a lot of pleasure out of having a good looking star of the Met Wra, Knabe & Co., Inc. in living your room. Not to mention the East Rochester, New York good sound pleasure that comes from it. A Division of Aeolian Corporation.

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attended last year did so as part Salt Lake City, Utah of their family vacation, because 84104 on our campus we feature swimming, bowling, hobby shops, danc- ing, golf, tennis, movies, dramas, and student musicals. Nearby are the canyons and Utah Lake for hik- ing, fishing, camping, and boating.

It is a marvelous way to introduce one's family to BYU, and Salt Lake City and Church headquarters are less than an hour away. In terms of cost, last year most couples spent between $35 and $50 total for board and room while at the seminar. Our modern web offset equipment produces Housing is available with cooking over 1,000,000 magazines each month. facilities both for couples and for those wishing to bring their

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February 1968 57 • "Life is not kicking me about— years go by, and the sons are six leeway. In this budgeting of time, it is shoving me around, then sit- feet tall and wage-earning fathers; consider yourself. Plan for a few ting on me so hard that I feel and the daughters, now mothers minutes in each day to go into your smothered." These words came themselves, are in their cycle of own room and close the door. over the phone to a friendly ear. rearing little children. Life is a Occasionally have a babysitter The caller went on to say that she circle one travels, and the wheel come in while you put on fresh lip- had six children all under seven never stops. It is difficult to choose stick and walk into the outside years of age, that she lived a life the years that are the most enjoy- World for a few hours. of confusion and frustration, and able, but when a vote is taken in There is a home on almost every that she was ready to "start climb- later life, the child-rearing years block where children like to gather. ing the walls." The house was usually win the count. It is a place where the mother never in order, the children never There are many ways to turn the loves children. She takes time for quiet, and there was never time in drudgery of these years into joy. each question; she listens as each the day to do all there was to be One way is to remember that each little voice speaks. She believes that done. Then in a longing voice, she little one is a child of God, an in- woman is that she might have joy. added, "I'm not a person in my own dividual loaned to you to be taught There is a feeling of optimism in right any more. I've been smashed and loved and enjoyed. When this her every motion, glance, and word. into a million pieces, and I haven't baby is put into your arms, you can Though others may moan when even time to stop and pick up the almost hear the words: "This child they see one cloud in the sky, she fragments. I've come to the end of is yours to mold and guide; there is thankful for a patch of blue. me. is nothing more important in this Perhaps this house is not too clean, There was an unuttered cry for life." You now have the privilege but the children feel only the love. help in those words. Such thoughts of helping to build a worthwhile However, if the home is more than are duplicated in hundreds of human being. No work in the world cluttered, that is not good. There homes by hundreds of young pays like "mother work." can be a balance. mothers. Is there an easy remedy? If you find yourself frustrated, A husband and children deserve Life for a young mother with a put first things first. Try not to be a basically clean home. Frustra- number of children is not simple, a perfectionist as a housekeeper. tion comes to some people because but it can be exciting. It can be a Realize that the children come be- confusion and clutter upset some- happy time, and it can be a most fore the household duties and be- thing within them. They get rewarding adventure. One must fore any interests outside the home. bogged down in the "now." In such always remember, when day-by- Learn to organize your life hap- cases the housekeeping should be day struggling seems insurmount- pily. Don't jam any one day too scheduled. Perhaps an hour first

able, to repeat the thought, "This full; leave time for the unexpected. thing in the morning might be too will pass." All too soon the Any schedule should have plenty of taken to tidy up the whole house;

58 Improvement Era then one or two hours each day riment of her own family. Many a dish can be chilled in the refriger- could be spent to clean one room young mother, in welcoming a di- ator. Then, with the help of the

thoroughly. By the end of the week, version, will accept a number of oven, only 30 to 60 minutes is the house will be cleaned, and each responsibilities in civic, church, and needed to present the family with day will find a neat home and a social organizations, which may not a hot, nourishing, delicious meal. serene mother. Include in this leave her enough time for her fam- Ovens through the ages have pro-

schedule a plan for mother and the ily's demands. Only frustration duced fragrant meats and breads, children to spend a few minutes can follow. Every woman should but nothing can compare to a picking up the clutter again just use wisdom. A husband and chil- modern oven. It can do all but the before father comes home in the dren should always come first in initial preparation of the food. A evening. any plans. finger touches a button, and a cold Children can be happy doing A person may feel guilty because oven turns itself on at a designated housework if mother is cheerful she has spoken crossly, or because time to a set temperature. Human

and makes a game of it. A two- the house is not in perfect order, beings can be miles away but still year-old is able to pick up toys if or because she took a nap, or be- dinner can start to cook and be this is consistently expected of him. cause she shows a lack of consis- ready when the family assembles A five-year-old can dust, empty tency. But a mother must not live around the dinner table. It's magic! wastepaper baskets, and do other a life of guilt. Just do the best at This miracle can help a busy chores. An eight- or ten-year-old the moment, then stand relaxed. mother to be cheerful, calm, and child is capable of helping the Don't waste time and energy on serene throughout the dinner hour. younger children bathe and get to past shortcomings; try harder and Cheese and Meat Casserole bed in the evening. Ironing, dish- then relax more. (8 servings) washing, bedmaking, vacuuming, Confusion at breakfast and at 2 pound noodles and many other household tasks the dinner hour is frustrating to y iy2 pounds lean ground beef can be done by children with everyone. Planning ahead can 2 small cans tomato sauce cup chili sauce mother supervising and making it rectify this. Work out menus and V2 1 8-ounce carton small curd cottage fun. Try to sing or whistle while shop for the needs of seven break- cheese 1 8-ounce package cream you work; the job gets done more fasts at one time; then do some- cheese Vi cup evaporated milk quickly that way. thing before going to bed at night 1 teaspoon lemon juice A mother should be consistent in to lighten the preparation of Y3 cup minced green onions her attitude toward the children breakfast the next morning. This Early in the day, cook the noodles as directed on the package; drain. Saute helping in the home. Each day, planning will help insure the the ground beef and stir in the tomato with few exceptions, every little needed foods for the morning sauce and the chili sauce. Remove from heat. Combine cottage cheese, cream person should do his chores. A meal. There is nothing more frus- cheese, evaporated milk, lemon juice, mother needs a steady, not a heavy, trating than trying to fix breakfast onions. In a 2-quart casserole spread half the noodles; cover with the cheese hand in guiding the children with without eggs or milk. It is also mixture; then add the rest of the their work. Rewards are not taboo foolish for a tired mother to plan noodles. Pour the tomato-meat sauce over all. Bake in a 350° F. oven until but blackmail is. If the children a for dinner her family with a great heated through. do a certain assignment well, there deal of last-minute preparation. A Lima Bean Casserole could be a treat, but try not to meal can be delicious and nourish- (6 to 8 servings) threaten the boy or girl if a task ing and yet simple. Plan dinners 2 packages frozen lima beans is not done satisfactorily. Without that can be prepared earlier in the 1 can condensed mushroom soup cross words, have the child do the day with a minimum of last-minute Milk work over again. A mother's con- doing. Oven meals fit into this Cook the lima beans in unsalted water sistency gives strength to her category. Try some of the follow- until just tender; drain. Stir in the soup. Thin slightly with milk if words. desired. Put ing suggestions; then at dinner into a casserole. Garnish with buttered Too many interests outside the time sit contentedly and relaxed cracker crumbs and bake in a 350° F. oven until bubbly and brown on top. home can make a woman confused and enjoy your family. and unhappy. It is not wise to Hungry Boy Casserole EASY DOES IT (8 servings) accept everything that is asked of

one. Good judgment should be The most relaxing of all meals 1 package (8 ounces) shell macaroni 2 pounds ground beef used. A young mother needs out- to prepare is the dinner. oven Most 1 cup chopped onion side interests but she does not need of the preparation can be done 1 cup chopped green pepper iy teaspoons salt to carry added pressures to the det- early in the day and the prepared 2 Vs teaspoon pepper -

February 1968 59 1 cup thinly sliced cabbage Fry the rice in the butter until it is 1 cup diced celery golden brown. Add the celery, green 3 sprigs parsley pepper, y2 cup chicken broth, and sea- Salt to taste son to taste. Cook until all moisture is y2 teaspoon peppercorns gone. Thicken 2 cups chicken broth 1 bay leaf with cornstarch. Add the diced chicken 5 cloves and lemon juice, and season to taste. 2 Put alternate 1 can (8 ounces) whole kernel corn, cups water layers of rice, chicken, drained 1 large can tomatoes and peas in a buttered casserole. End 2 cans condensed tomato soup 3 tablespoons flour with the chicken mixture. Top with 1 package frozen peas crushed potato chips. Chill until just y2 cup chopped ripe olives before dinner. Bake in a 350° F. oven Toss the beef in seasoned flour Cook the macaroni according to direc- and for 30 to 45 minutes. brown in 2 tablespoons hot oil. Add all tions on package and drain. Brown the the other ingredients meat; add the onion and green pepper, with the exception of the flour and peas. Place in a baking cover the skillet, and simmer until they dish. Cover, and bake at 250° F. for 3 Home, Sweet Home are softened. Combine this mixture hours or until the meat and vegetables with the salt, pepper, macaroni, corn, are tender. Ten minutes before serving, tomato soup, and ripe olives. Place in a stir in the flour and peas. Snacks have the ability to 2V2-qijart casserole, top with buttered 350° cornflakes, and bake in a F. oven Country Ham Casserole do many things. They can: for 30 minutes. (Serves 6-8) Help pass the time away. Veal Loaf 6 hard-cooked eggs, sliced Enliven a twosome. to 8 servings) (6 2 cups diced cooked ham 5 tablespoons melted butter Encourage a tot. IV, pounds ground veal 7 tablespoons flour pound ground pork Expand a waist. V2 4 cups milk Vz cup coarse bread crumbs 3 tablespoons chopped onion Vz cup evaporated milk Ruin a figure. 3 tablespoons chopped green pepper 2 eggs, slightly beaten 3 tablespoons chopped celery Stimulate an appetite. 2 tablespoons lemon juice Salt and pepper to taste 1 teaspoon salt teaspoon mustard Create a mood. 1 teaspoon celery salt y2 teaspoon pepper Be a reward. Va Arrange the eggs and ham in layers in slices bacon a greased casserole. In a skillet or Smother a desire. saucepan blend the flour in the butter Combine all ingredients except bacon, and gradually stir in the milk. Cook, Kill resolution. and pack into a greased 9x5 loaf pan. a stirring until thickened. Add the other Dice the bacon and place on top of loaf. ingredients and pour over the ham and Add joy to a moment. Store in refrigerator. Bake at 350° F. eggs. Sprinkle with bread crumbs mixed for about iy2 hours. Warm a heart. with grated cheese. Chill until about 45 350° Beef Italian minutes before serving. Heat in Entertain a group. F. oven until browned and bubbly. (6 servings) Make an event special. Family Tuna Casserole iy2 pounds round steak, boneless (Serves An inexpensive, low-calorie snack for 1 egg, beaten 6) a family evening is always welcome. 3 cup Parmesan cheese y 3 cups cooked rice Next week try serving these corn crisps y3 cup fine bread crumbs 1 can cream of mushroom soup and hot tomato juice. Cooking oil cup evaporated milk Dash of pepper % teaspoon thyme Grace's Corn Crisps Dash of oregano V2 1 tablespoon grated onion Vi cup chopped onion 1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce 1 cup water \y2 teaspoons sugar 1 cup chopped celery 2 tablespoons butter 1 6-ounce can tomato paste 1 small can pimiento, chopped 1 cup yellow cornmeal 2 cups hot water 2 cans tuna y2 teaspoon salt V2 pound cheese, sliced 1 cup grated cheese onion salt Parmesan cheese Pound the steak very thin; cut into 6 Combine all the ingredients. Pour into servings. Dip the meat into the beaten a buttered casserole. Sprinkle with Bring the water and butter to a boil; egg, then roll in mixture of Parmesan crushed potato chips. Chill until 45 add cornmeal and salt all at once, stir- cheese and crumbs. Brown steak, sea- minutes before serving. Bake in a 375° ring rapidly. Remove from heat and soned with pepper and oregano, in oil F. oven. stir until dough forms a ball. Divide it over medium heat. Place in shallow into 2 parts. Place each ball on a well- pan. Cook in oil onion the until soft but Chicken and Rice Casserole buttered cookie sheet and smooth out not brown; stir in the other ingredients with fingers until the pan is covered. except the cheese. Gradually add (Serves 6) the The dough will be very thin, but keep hot water, stirring. Pour most of the 1 cup uncooked rice patting it until the sheet is covered. sauce over the meat; top with cheese 2 tablespoons butter Bake in a 375° F. oven until the edges slices and remaining sauce. Bake at 1 cup diced celery curl and the corn crisp is a golden 350° F. for 1 hour. V£ cup diced green pepper brown. Sprinkle with onion salt and cups Parmesan Oven Stew 2y2 chicken broth cheese. When cool, remove Salt and pepper to taste the corn crisps from the pans in large (Serves 6 to 8) 2 cups cooked chicken pieces. Gently place in an attractive 2 pounds beef, cut into 1-inch cubes 2 tablespoons cornstarch dish or basket. Nibble and enjoy. This 2 onions, sliced 1 teaspoon lemon juice snack is good served as an accom- 4 carrots, sliced y^-'mch thick y2 package frozen peas paniment to soup, fruit cocktail, fish 1 turnip, sliced 1 cup crushed potato chips cocktail, or punch. O

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~~February 1968 61 —~~

~~The Dr. Charles H. Townes' work~~

~~on the laser won him the 1964 Nobel Prize. Convergence of~~

~~He is presently provost and professor of physics at Massachusetts Science and Institute of Technology. Religion~~

~~By Charles H. Townes~~

~~The ever-increasing success of that science in time would explain been overturned by them. Perhaps science has posed many chal- everything. this unawareness is because science~~

lenges and conflicts for religion This was the time when Laplace has been vigorous in changing itself conflicts that are resolved in individual could believe that if he knew the posi- and continuing to press and has also lives in a variety of ways. Some accept tion and velocity of every particle in diverted attention by ever more suc- both religion and science as dealing the universe and could calculate suffi- cesses in solving the practical problems with quite different methods, and thus ciently well, he would then know the of life. separate them so widely in their think- entire future. Laplace was simply Many of the philosophical and con- ing that no direct confrontation is pos- expressing the evident experience of ceptional bases of science have, in sible. Some repair rather completely the time, that the success and precision fact, been disturbed and revolution- to the camp of science or of religion of scientific laws had changed deter- ized. The poignancy of these changes and regard the other as of little impor- minism from a speculative argument can be grasped only through sampling tance, if not downright harmful. to one that seemed inescapable. them. For example, the question

To me science and religion are both This was the time when the devout whether light consists of small particles universal and basically very similar. In Pasteur, asked how he as a scientist shot out by light sources or by wave fact, to make the argument clear, I could be religious, simply replied that disturbances originated by them had should like to adopt the rather extreme his laboratory was one realm, and that been debated for some time by the point of view that their differences are his home and religion were a com- great figures of science. The question largely superficial, and that the two pletely different one. was finally settled in the early 19th become almost indistinguishable if we There are today many vestiges of this century by brilliant experiments that look at the real nature of each. It is 19th century scientific absolutism in could be thoroughly interpreted by perhaps science whose real nature is our thinking and attitudes. It has given theory. The experiments told scien- the less obvious, because of its blind- Communism, based on Marx's 19th tists of the time that light was un- ing superficial successes. To explain century background, some of its sense equivocally a wave and not particles. this, and to give perspective to the non- of the inexorable course of history and But about 1900, other experiments scientists, we must consider a bit of of "scientific" planning of society. turned up that showed just as un- the history and development of science. Toward the end of the 19th century, equivocally that light is a stream of The march of science during the 19th many physical scientists viewed their particles rather than waves. Thus century produced enormous confidence work as almost complete and needing physicists were presented with a deeply in its success and generality. One only some extension and more detailed disturbing paradox. Its solution took field after another fell before the ob- refinement. But soon after, deep several decades and was only accom- jective inquiry, experimental approach, problems began to appear. The world plished in the mid-1920's by the devel- and logic of science. Scientific laws seems relatively unaware of how deep opment of a new set of ideas known appeared to take on an absolute quality, these problems really were and of the as quantum mechanics. and it was very easy to be convinced extent to which some of the most The trouble was that scientists were

~~From Think, March-April 1966. Used with permission. fundamental scientific ideas have thinking in terms of their common~~

62 Improvement Era Albert Einstein and Job. Faith is necessary to men of both science and religion, says Dr. Townes. A firm belief in an orderly universe, somewhat like Job's durable conviction, sustained Einstein. "God is very subtle," he once remarked, "but he is not malicious."

~~everyday experience, and that experi- an electron is put in a long box where fundamentally impossible to obtain the~~

~~ence encompassed the behavior of it may travel back and forth. Physical information necessary for his precise~~

~~large objects but not yet many atomic theory now tells us that, under certain predictions, even if he were dealing~~

~~phenomena. Examination of light or conditions, the electron will sometimes with only one single particle, rather~~

atoms in detail brings us into a new be found toward one end of the box than with the entire universe. realm of very small quantities with and sometimes toward the other, but The modern laws of science seem,

~~which we have had no previous ex- never in the middle. This statement then, to have turned our thinking away~~

~~perience, and where our intuitions clashes absurdly with ideas of an elec- from complete determinism and to-~~

~~could well be untrustworthy. And now tron moving back and forth, and yet ward a world where chance plays a~~

in retrospect, it is not at all surprising most physicists today are quite con- major role. It is chance on an atomic that the study of matter on the atomic vinced of its validity and can demon- scale, but there are situations and scale has taught us new things, and strate its essential truth in the times when the random change in posi- that some are inconsistent with ideas laboratory. tion of one atom or one electron can that previously had seemed so clear. yi nother strange aspect of the new materially affect the large-scale affairs

~~Physicists today believe that light is / \ quantum mechanics is called of life and, in fact, our entire society.~~

neither precisely a wave nor a particle, * * the uncertainty principle. A striking example involves Queen but both, and we were mistaken in even This principle shows that if we try to Victoria, who, through one such event asking the question, "Is light a particle say exactly where a particle (or object) on an atomic scale, became a mutant or is it a wave?" It can display both is, we cannot at the same time say and passed on to certain male de- properties. So can all matter, includ- exactly how fast it is going and in what scendants in Europe's royal families ing baseballs and locomotives. We direction; or, if we determine its ve- the trait of hemophilia. Thus one un- don't ordinarily observe this duality in locity, we can never say exactly what predictable event on an atomic scale large objects, because they do not its position is. According to this theory, had its effect on both the Spanish show wave properties prominently. But Laplace was wrong from the beginning. royal family and, through an afflicted in principle we believe they are there. If he were alive today, he would prob- czarevitch, on the stability of the We have come to believe other ably understand along with other Russian throne. strange phenomena as well. Suppose contemporary physicists that it is This new view of a world that is not

~~February 1968 63 after one year bring them back. The With this background on the real~~

~~earth kittens will obviously have be- state of scientific understanding, we come cats, but the ones sent into come now to the similarity and near~~

~~some of the most space will have remained kittens. This identity of science and religion. The~~

~~theory has not been tested with kittens, goal of science is to discover the order~~

but it has been checked experimentally in the universe, and to understand fundamental scientific with the aging of inanimate objects through this order the things we sense and seems to be quite correct. Today around us—even man himself. This the vast majority of scientists believe order we express as scientific principles

~~ideas have it true. or laws, striving to state them in the Scientists have now become a good simplest and yet most inclusive ways.~~

~~." deal more cautious and modest about I believe the goal of religion is to un-~~

~~been overturned . . extending scientific ideas into realms derstand (and hence accept) the where they have not yet been thor- purpose and meaning of our universe~~

~~oughly tested. Of course, an important and how we fit into it. Most religions~~

part of the game of science is, in fact, see a unifying and inclusive origin of the development of general laws that meaning, and this supreme purpose- predictable from physical laws was not can be extended into new realms. These ful force we call God. at all easy for physicists of the older laws are often remarkably successful Understanding the order in the uni- tradition to accept. Even Einstein, one in telling us new things or in predict- verse and understanding the purpose of the architects of quantum mechan- ing things that we have not yet directly in the universe are not identical, but ics, never completely accepted the observed. And yet we must always be they are also not very far apart. It is indeterminism of chance that it implies. aware that such extensions may be interesting that the Japanese word for "Herr Gott wurfelt nicht"—the Lord wrong, and wrong in very fundamental physics is butsuri, which translated

God doesn't throw dice! It is interest- ways. In spite of all the changes in means simply the reason for things. ing to note also that Russian Com- our views, it is reassuring to note that Thus we readily and inevitably link munism, with its roots in 19th century the laws of 19th century science were closely together the nature and the determinism, for a long time took a not so far wrong in the realm in which purpose of our universe. strong doctrinaire position against the they were initially applied—that of What are the aspects of religion new physics of quantum mechanics. ordinary velocities and of objects and science that often make them

When scientists pressed on to ex- larger than the point of a pin. In this seem almost diametrically opposite? amine still other realms outside our realm they were essentially right, and Many of them come, I believe, out of common experience, further surprises we still teach the laws of Newton or of differences in language used for his- were found. For objects of much Maxwell, because in their own im- torical reasons, and many from quanti- higher velocities than we ordinarily portant sphere they are valid and tative differences that are large enough experience, relativity shows that very useful. that unconsciously we assume they are strange things happen. First, objects We know today that the most qualitative ones. Let us consider some can never go faster than a certain sophisticated present scientific the- of the aspects where science and re- speed, regardless of how hard they ories, including modern quantum ligion may superficially look very are pushed. Their absolute maximum mechanics, are still incomplete. We different. speed is that of light— 186,000 miles use them because in certain areas they The essential role of faith in religion per second. Further, when objects are are so amazingly right. Yet they lead is so well-known that taking things on going fast, they become shorter and us at times into inconsistencies that faith rather than proving them is more massive—they change shape and we do not understand, and where we usually taken as characteristic of re- also weigh more. Even time moves at must recognize that we have missed ligion and as distinguishing religion a different rate; if we send a clock some crucial ideas. We simply admit from science. But faith is essential to off at a high velocity, it runs slower. and accept the paradoxes and hope that science too, although we do not so

This peculiar behavior of time is the sometime in the future they will be generally recognize the basic need and origin of the famous cat-kitten con- resolved by a more complete under- nature of faith in science. ceptual experiment. Take a litter of six standing. In fact, by recognizing these Faith is necessary for the scientist kittens and divide them into two paradoxes clearly and studying them, even to get started, and deep faith is groups. Keep three of them on earth; we can perhaps best understand the necessary for him to carry out his send the other three off in a rocket limitations in our thinking and correct tougher tasks. Why? Because he must at a speed nearly as fast as light, and them. have confidence that there is order in

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~~February 1968 65 of his life looking for a unity between~~

~~gravitational and electromagnetic fields.~~

~~Many physicists feel that he was on Most important the wrong track, and no one yet knows whether he made any substantial~~

~~progress. But he had faith in a great scientific discoveries vision of unity and order, and he~~

~~worked intensively at it for 30 years or more. Einstein had to have the kind HELP! .are closely akin of dogged conviction that could have~~

~~This is when your insurance man allowed him to say with Job, "Though~~

has to go to work for y ou . To make he slay me, yet will I trust in him." sure he will, make sure now he's an independent insurance agent. to revelation For lesser scientists, on lesser His job is to serve you first when projects, there are frequent occasions you need help most. We're independent agents. Call us any time. when things just don't make sense, and

~~making order and understanding out of one's work seems almost hopeless.~~

~~But still the scientist has faith that~~

~~there is order to be found, and that~~

the universe and that the human mind either he or his colleagues will some- HEBER J. GRANT & CO. — in fact, his own mind—has a good day find it. General Agents, Salt Lake City chance of understanding this order. Another common idea about the Without this confidence, there would difference between science and

be little point in intense effort to try religion is based on their meth- to understand a presumably disorderly ods of discovery. Religion's discoveries or incomprehensible world. Such a often come by great revelations. world would take us back to the days Scientific knowledge comes by logical of superstition, when man thought deductions, or by the accumulation of

~~capricious forces manipulated his uni- data that are analyzed by established~~

methods in order to draw generaliza- LOOK BETTER verse. In fact, it is just this faith in an orderly universe, understandable to tions called laws. But such a de- FEEL BETTER man, that allowed the basic change scription of scientific discovery is a from an age of superstition to an age travesty on the real thing. Most of the of science and has made possible our important scientific discoveries come LAST LONGER scientific progress. about very differently and are much

The necessity of faith in science is more closely akin to revelation. The LIVE MORE reminiscent of the description of re- term itself is generally not used for ligious faith attributed to Constantine: scientific discovery, since we are in the habit of reserving revelation for the ABUNDANTLY "I believe so that I may know." But such faith is now so deeply rooted in religious realm. In scientific circles the scientist that most of us never stop one speaks of intuition, accidental

~~Lyman's to think that it is there at all. discovery, or simply that someone had~~

~~Einstein affords a rather explicit a wonderful idea. Vitamins & Minerals example of faith in order, and many of If we compare how great scientific~~

may help you his contributions come from intuitive ideas arrive, we see that they all look devotion to a particularly appealing remarkably like religious revelation turn the trick type of order. One of his famous reviewed in a non-mystical way. Don Lyman, 2431 Highland Drive. marks is inscribed in German in Fine Think of Moses in the desert, long Salt Lake City, Utah Hall at Princeton: is very subtle, troubled and wondering about the Please send Daily Supply Tablets, "God postage free. but he is not malicious." That is, the problem of saving the children of 50 tablets QuantityOuant.tv f ° $8.95 world that God has constructed may Israel, when suddenly he had a revela- U0Q tab|etg $Lg5 Name be very intricate and difficult for us to tion by the burning bush.

~~understand, but it is not arbitrary and Consider some of the revelations of Address illogical. Einstein spent the last half the New Testament. City State Zip A 66 Improvement Era .~~

m $&*&*, What *§«&£ : .~-- Think of Gautama Buddha, who traveled and inquired for years in an effort to understand what was good does and then one day sat down quietly under a Bo tree where his great ideas were revealed. silence Similarly, the scientist, after hard work and much emotional and intellectual commitment to a troubling problem, sometimes suddenly sees the look answer. Such ideas much more often come during off-moments than while confronting data. ike? A striking and well-known example is the discovery of the benzene ring by

Kekule, who, while musing at his fire- Silence is a Bigolow carpet called tightly woven to take the constant wear side, was led to the idea of a vision Cordridge'!" of feet for years and years. of snakes taking their tails in their It absorbs floor sound and creates Bigelow has or can custom-create mouths. an atmosphere of hushed serenity. the perfect carpet to suit every type of We cannot yet describe the hu- Cordridge has a beautifully dis- church or auxiliary building. man process that leads to the crea- tinctive tree bark texture in any of six- As America's most experienced

teen colors. Its special design adapts carpetmaker we've done it since 1825. tion of an important and substantially handsomely to the decor of today's new scientific insight. But it is clear new Mormon church buildings. that the great scientific discoveries, its 100% Bigelow Approved con- the real leaps, do not usually come tinuous filament nylon pile is dense and Bigelow^ from the so-called "scientific method," but rather more as did Kekule's—perhaps with less picturesque imagery, but by revelations that are just as real.

Another aspect of the difference between science and religion is based on the notion that religious ideas depend only on faith and revelation, while science succeeds in actually proving its WILE points. In this view, proofs give to scientific ideas a certain kind of absolutism and universalism that religious ideas have only in the claims of their proponents. But the actual nature of scientific "proof" is rather different from such simple ideas.

Mathematical or logical proof involves choice of some set of postulates, which hopefully are consistent with one another and which apply to a situation of interest. In the case of natural science, they are presumed to apply to the world around us. Then, on the basis of agreed-on laws of logic, which must be assumed, one Sheilah Graham can derive or "prove" the conse- pokes around quences of these sets of postulates. Hollywood's heaven

~~and peeks in on the stars. It's . . How can we be sure the postulates gossip~~

~~5we admit it . . . But isn't it fun reading? DESERET NEWS~~

~~February 1968 67 Tour-ific!~~

~~are satisfactory? The mathematician been tested and judged through the~~

Godel has shown that in the most ages by the experience of societies and * *<^ HAWAII generally used mathematics, it is funda- of individuals. Is there any great mentally impossible to know whether need for them to be more absolute * MEXICO w-k » or not the set of postulates chosen are than the law of gravity? The latter is a even self-consistent. Only by con- working hypothesis whose basis and structing and using a new set of permanency we do not know. But we

* i6 da y s to 5 weeks ' EUROPE risk our lives daily on our belief in from $275 master postulates can we test the con- (from New York) sistency of the first set. But these in it, as well as on many other complex * HEMISFAIR turn may be logically inconsistent scientific hypotheses. TEXAS without the possibility of our knowing Science usually deals with problems

it. Thus we never have a real base that are so much simpler and situations * PALMYRA PAGEANT from which we can reason with surety. that are so much more easily con- Godel doubled our surprises by showing trollable than does religion. The quan- * that, in this same mathematical realm, titative difference in the directness ALASKA ADVENTURE there are always mathematical truths with which we can test hypotheses in that fundamentally cannot be proved sciences and religion generally hides For all travel and ticketing arrangements by the approach of normal logic. His the logical similarities that are there. important proofs came only about three A controlled experiment on religious

decades ago, and have profoundly af- ideas is perhaps not at all possible, <§T TRAVEL INC. ^ fected our view of human logic. and we rely for evidence primarily on 110 East 2nd South There is another way by which we human history and personal expe"ience. Salt Lake City. Utah become convinced that a scientific idea But certain aspects of natural science

or postulate is valid. In the natural and the extension of science into social Ogden, 399-4587 St. George, 673-3136 sciences, we prove it by making some sciences have also required similar use Logan 245-6584 Idaho Falls , 522-2581 Mesa 964-5283 kind of test of the postulate against of experience and observation in testing experience. We devise experiments to hypotheses. test our working hypotheses, and be- Suppose now that we were to accept

lieve that those laws or hypotheses are completely the proposition that science correct that seem to agree with our and religion are essentially similar. experience. Such tests can disprove Where does this leave us, and where

~~a hypothesis, or can give us useful does it lead us? Religion can, I believe,~~

~~confidence in its applicability and cor- profit from the experience of science,~~

~~rectness, but they can never prove in where the hard facts of nature and any absolute sense. the tangibility of evidence have beaten~~

~~religious beliefs also be into our thinking some ideas that man- Canviewed as working hypotheses, kind has often resisted.~~

to be tested and validated by First, we must recognize the tenta- experience? To some this may seem a tive nature of knowledge. Our present secular and even an abhorrent view. understanding of science or of religion

In any case, it discards absolutism in is likely, if it agrees with experience, to degree religion. But I see no reason why continue to have an important acceptance of religion on this basis of validity just as does Newtonian should be objectionable. The validity mechanics. But there may be many

~~of religious ideas must be and has deeper things that we do not yet know~~

Intoxication Ideas will intoxicate, If swallowed fast and taken straight; By Paul Will cause a kind of pressure pain, Armstrong Infused into an empty brain; In a Gold Medallion home, And some would claim it more than fiction everything's electric includ- That frequent use may cause addiction. ing the heat.

~~UTAH POWER & LIGHT CO. 68 Improvement Era and that, when discovered, may modify fuzzy analogies of complementarity as our thinking in very basic ways. it is known in science, or they may in-~~

We must also expect paradoxes, and deed be valid, though still poorly not be surprised or unduly troubled by defined, occurrences of the uncertainty "We must expect them. We know of paradoxes in principle. But in any case, we should physics, such as that concerning the expect such occurrences and be fore- nature of light, which have been re- warned by science that there will be paradoxes, solved by deeper understanding. We fundamental limitations to our knowing know of some that are still unresolved. everything at once with precision and In the realm of religion, we are consistency. and not be surprised troubled by the suffering around us Finally, if science and religion are and its apparent inconsistency with a so broadly similar, and not arbi- God of love. Such paradoxes con- trarily limited in their domain, they or unduly troubled fronting science do not usually destroy should at some time clearly converge.

our faith in science. They simply re- I believe this confluence is inevitable, mind us of a limited understanding, for they both represent man's efforts by them." and at times they provide a key to to understand his universe and must learning more. ultimately be dealing with the same

Perhaps in the realm of religion substance. As we understand more in there will be cases of the uncertainty each realm, the two must grow to- principle, which we now know as such gether. Perhaps by the time this a characteristic phenomenon of phys- convergence occurs, science will have earth, is largely an unnecessary ques- ics. If it is fundamentally impossible been through a number of revolutions tion. The two descriptions are equiva- to determine accurately both the posi- as striking as those that have occurred lent, according to general relativity, tion and velocity of a particle, it should in the last century and will have taken although the first is simpler. And yet not surprise us if similar limitations on a character not readily recognizable we honor Galileo for his pioneering occur in other aspects of our experi- by scientists of today. Perhaps our courage and determination in deciding ence. This opposition in the precise religious understanding will also have what he really thought was right and determination of two quantities is also seen progress and change. But con- speaking out. This was important to referred to as complementarity; posi- verge they must, and through this his own integrity and to the develop- tion and velocity represent comple- should come new strength for both. ment of the scientific and religious mentary aspects of a particle, only one In the meantime, with tentative un- views of the time. of which can be measured precisely at derstanding, uncertainty, and change, The authority of religion seemed any one time. how can we live gloriously and act more crucial in Galileo's Italy than it

Nils Bohr has already suggested that decisively It today? is this problem, I usually does today, and science perception of man and his physical suspect, that has so often tempted man seemed more fresh and simple. We constitution represents this kind of to insist that he has final and ultimate tend to think of ourselves as now more complementarity. That is, the precise truth locked in some particular phrase- sophisticated, and of both science and and close examination of the atomic ology or symbolism, even when the religion as more complicated, so that makeup of man may of necessity blur phraseology may mean a hundred our position can be less clear-cut. Yet our view of him as a living spiritual and different things to a hundred different if we accept the assumption of either being. In any case, there seems to be people. How well we are able to science or religion, that truth exists, no justification for the dogmatic posi- commit our lives to ideas that we surely each of us should undertake the tion taken by that the some remarkable recognize in principle as only tentative same kind of task as did Galileo, or phenomenon of individual human per- represents a real test of mind and as did Gautama long before him. For sonality can be expressed completely in emotions. ourselves and for mankind, we must terms of the presently known laws of Galileo espoused the cause of use our best wisdom and instincts, the behavior and molecules. Justice and Copernicus' theory of the solar system evidence of history and wisdom of the love may also represent such comple- at great personal cost because of the ages, and the experience and revela- mentarity. A completely loving ap- church's opposition. We know today tions of our friends and heroes in order proach and the simultaneous meting that the question on which Galileo to get as close as possible to truth out of exact justice hardly seem took his stand, -the correctness of and meaning. Furthermore, we must consistent. the idea that the earth rotates around be willing to live and act on our These examples are only somewhat the sun rather than the sun around the conclusions. O

February 1968 69 • Long and lonely are the days, To those who search to find will come. And dark and empty are the their God. This is the hardest part of all, nights. For they will merit their re- The work we have is long and And there are those who heed us ward hard not— For heeding not our joyous As we attempt to spread the Who don't believe tve have this word. light call— Of truth and happiness abroad, Whom, we must warn of what But where are those of Israel Who search to find the upward path'? Where shall we find, those chosen, few Richard L. Evans Who seek to parry Justice's The Spoken Word wrath With kindly, golden, selfless deeds

To satisfy another's needs ? The cycle of our worries For to these people we are sent, The cycle of our moods and worries is puzzling at times. The same But they are hidden—hard to troubles and difficulties that worry us at one time do not so much find— worry us at another. The same problems that cause sleeplessness And we more often speak to at one time do not seem so much to do so at another. The change is often those - in us, more than in external events. A physical symptom, concern about a loved one, concern about ourselves may run from optimism to deep depression with about the same set of circumstances, except within ourselves. When we worry we are less efficient; we contribute to the cause and slow down the cure. Whatever the cause, we should do what we can do, and not just brood and wonder and hope our worry will go away. If we are young and worrying about the future, we should study and prepare and make ourselves as competent as we can. If our worry comes from a troubled conscience, we should repent, be prayer- ful, cultivate a simple faith, and keep the commandments. Whatever our worries, we should not brood in the dark. Darkness is dangerous.

It is physically, mentally, emotionally dangerous. We should take our worries out and look at them in the light, separate facts from fears, think things through, and not imagine the worst on a sleepless night.

"Life is thickly sown with thorns," said Voltaire, "and I know no other remedy than to pass quickly through them. The longer we dwell on our misfortunes, the greater is their power to harm us." All men have down days, discouraging days, difficulties and depression. Countless people have conquered, have overcome, have picked up broken pieces, or have gone on even when there weren't many pieces to pick up. We need faith and facts and good plain common sense to lift us from the down days and the darkness, remembering that discouragement and depression often come from the distortion of darkness. This sentence from Marcus Aurelius is oversimplified, but since worry is often caused by doing nothing about something we should be doing, for many situations it has within it something of real substance: "I do my duty," he said; "other things trouble me not." 1

~~'The Philosophy of Marcus Aurelius, XII i.~~

70 Improvement Era With spirits beaming, good and But I remember they are given But of the words I give to them, kind, Agency with which to choose I testify as to their truth. Who seek not for a better way, Those things which they most For on the final judgment day But close their minds to what want to have I want to stand ivithout reproof;

iv e say. And also those they want to lose. That I may hear the ivords, For to each person it is given "Well done! Oh, the aching in my heart! To choose the role he ivants in Come thou and live with me, Oh, the agony of mind!— heaven. my son. O When I see the blinding wall Before these people—good, and, kind— Which blocks from them the glowing vision They could see if they would Richard L. Evans listen! The Spoken Word If only I could give to them A moment's view of what I see! If only I could raise in them on high and levels A moment's hope that they could Humor low be is essential to a full and happy life. It is a reliever and A being on a higher plane, Humor relaxer of pressure and tension, and the saving element in many With glory which would never situations. But there are different kinds of humor, prompted by wane l different spirits, some sincere, some unacceptable. There is delightful,

wholesome humor that heals and helps the spirit and gives a lift to life. The Call There is giddy, trivial humor that produces light-minded laughter—the By Geary R. Younce all-but-vacant and inconsequential kind that comes with little content,

~~little cause. There is evil humor, grim humor, humor that embarrasses,~~

~~and humor that is cruel, unkind. There is humor that is unclean, and that has no place among considerate people or in decent society. There~~

is an account of a man who cautioned a speaker against telling off-color stories, because, said he, "There are ladies present"—to which someone added the observation that there were also gentlemen present. The

~~assumption that something suggestive, low-minded, or unclean is all~~

~~right in one kind of audience but not in another is a questionable assump-~~

~~tion. Anything filthy or basically unclean is wrong in any audience. One of the frequent and unfortunate mistakes that some speakers and~~

performers and masters of ceremonies make is assuming that they should degrade themselves and their audience with suggestive, unclean stories- stories that are filthier than they are funny, to the embarrassment of every decent-minded person. Even when suggestive and unclean humor

gets a laugh, it is more likely the laugh of embarrassment, rather than of genuine amusement: embarrassment for the poor judgment of him who has gone so far as to forget decency and good taste; for him who goes below the level of what is clean, to what is supposedly clever even if unclean. We lower our own level and contribute to the downpull of young and impressionable people when we inject unclean, low-minded humor into any part of any proceedings, in public or in private. We may well be grateful for the man of clean mind, and for the gift and blessing of kindly, wholesome humor, which adds a wonderful lift

~~to life.~~

~~February 1968 71 The LDS Scene~~

~~Guatemala Seminary~~

~~Brother Alan Baldizon of the Guatemala Stake instructs~~

~~youth in one of two early morning seminary classes~~

~~organized in the Guatemala Stake. Stake President Udine~~

~~Falabella teaches the other class. More than~~

~~40 LDS youth attended classes in Book of Mormon~~

~~this past year. Greater numbers are expected in~~

~~the present school year, which began in January and~~

~~continues until October.~~

Temple Square Lighting Interstate Commerce U.S. government, regulates For the third straight year, Temple Square was aglow Commissioner interstate transportation with over 100,000 colorful Christmas lights, which drew and commerce in the

~~large crowds of visitors during the Christmas season. Grant E. Syphers has been United States.~~

~~Thousands of tiny globes lit up every limb, branch, and appointed by President~~

~~twig in a wide circle of wintering sycamores, maples, Lyndon B. Johnson as a~~

~~box elders, birches, and pines. A tableau of scenes of commissioner on the~~

~~the Nativity was also well received by visitors, as Interstate Commerce~~

were huge reproductions of paintings on the life of Christ, Commission. Brother which were placed near the center walkway. Inside Syphers, new resident of the Tabernacle, performances of the opera "Amahl and the Fairfax (Virginia) Ward,

the Night Visitors" were presented for several nights to formerly resided in West capacity crowds. Some 63 television stations throughout Arcadia (California) Ward. the U.S. carried a special 30-minute color presentation The Interstate Commerce of "Christmas on Temple Square," which featured Commission, oldest

~~the lighting, the Nativity display, and the Tabernacle Choir. regulatory commission in~~

~~72 Improvement Era —~~

~~Polynesian Center Educational BY High School to Close Director Post After 92 years of service, the Brigham Young High~~

Lawrence Haneberg of Dr. Earl C. Crockett, and Elementary School will discontinue operation at the Honolulu, Hawaii, has been academic vice-president of end of the current 1968 school year. Originally a

~~named vice-president and Brigham Young University, part of Brigham Young Academy, the school had as its general manager of the has been reelected purpose the training of student teachers. However,~~

~~Church's Polynesian Cultural chairman of the high com- increasing numbers of students in education have long~~

Center in Laie, Hawaii. mission of the Northwest required the placement of BYU student-teachers in Brother Haneberg, formerly Association of Secondary and districts throughout Utah and surrounding states.

~~a member of the Honolulu Higher Schools for two BY High students, in the center hallway~~

~~Stake presidency, has a additional years. It is only between classes, swarm in front of a trophy case loaded~~

~~strong family heritage the second time in the with evidence of their triumphs over the years.~~

in Hawaii. His grandfather organization's history that was an early Hawaiian a chairman has been sugar planter and co- reelected. The association is founder of Clorox Chemical the official accrediting 'Company. Brother Hane- agency for universities,

~~berg will coordinate colleges, and high schools~~

~~management of the six in Montana, Utah, Idaho, authentic villages—Hawaiian, Washington, Oregon, Nevada, Tongan, Samoan, Maori, and Alaska. In 1964,~~

~~Tahitian, and Fijian Dr. Crockett served as acting that make up the famed president of Brigham~~

~~tourist center. Young University.~~

~~Distinguished Service Award~~

LeRoy R. Stevens, president Sao Paulo Exhibit of Stevens Henager Business College and member of Bishop Helio da Rocha Camargo of the Sao Paulo (Brazil) the Monument Park (Salt Second Ward explains the importance of religion to

Lake City) 15th Ward, has Jose de Almeida Leite, head of Sao Paulo's department received the distinguished of culture and education, at the opening of the service award of the Brazilian Mission's pavilion at the Lapa Municipal Library. United Business Schools At the request of officials, the exhibit was shown in all Association. The association North and South America, 13 of Sao Paulo's municipal libraries. Much praise was has a membership of representing enrollment of received for the exhibit's high quality and its message

~~more than 500 schools in over 200,000 students. of love and peace.~~

~~February 1968 73 —~~

~~November 1967~~

~~_New stake presidencies: President The Church A/loves On ( William P. Barnes and counselors~~

~~Reed M. Nielsen and Howard E. Gibson~~

~~in the Lost River (Idaho) Stake; Presi-~~

~~dent Richard L. Warner and counselors~~

~~Richard J. Marshall and Graham W.~~

~~Doxey in the University First (Salt Lake~~

~~City) Stake; President Douglas J. Mar-~~

~~Richard L. Evans tin and counselors C. Sydney Shepherd~~

and Albert M. Kewene in Hamilton (New The Spoken Word Zealand) Stake. Hamilton South (New Zealand) Stake Thanks: for the organization and was organized from parts of Hamilton operation of the earth Stake by Elder Thomas S. Monson of the Council of the Twelve and Presi-

considering things to be thankful for, there is this we often take for dent Paul H. Dunn of the First Council Ingranted: the organization and operation of the earth. "What would of the Seventy. Sustained as president this life of ours be like," asked one writer, "if Chance ruled our was Harry S. Peckham, with Larry R. destinies? If, for instance—Autumn might or might not succeed Sum- Oler and Raymond W. Ritchie as coun- mer, Spring might or might not follow Winter. A weary world that selors. This is the 445th stake now

~~would truly be . . . left to the buffeting of an unknown yet all-pervading functioning.~~

1 caprice." What if there were no air of the right kind in the right quantity, renewing itself for our sustenance; or water, which we some- [Elder Chris Russell Sampson, 20, times thoughtlessly pollute or waste away; or heat and cold within the serving in the Florida Mission, was right range; or soil and all the processes by which it produces; the sun, killed in an automobile accident at West the seasons, the renewal of spring, the growing of summer, the harvest Palm Beach, Florida. His home was of autumn, the dormancy of winter, the endless products and provi- Apple Gate, California. His companion, dence of the mountains, the sea, the fields, the forests. "Why should Elder Steven Thomas Olsen of Monroe,

they be a matter of course? What have I, or you, what has any man Utah, was injured in the same mishap. His injuries are not considered serious. done that earth should glow with beauty, . . . should hang . . . fruit upon

~~the bending boughs . . . ? Surely ... we might ... be ready with thank- Texas North Stake was organized ful recognition of a bounty that . . . has gone on supplying [man's] needs~~

1 by Elder Richard L. Evans of the through the . . . ages of the past, and supplies them still." And not only for the physical organization of the earth, but for loved ones, for life Council of the Twelve and Elder Ber-

the purpose, the mystery, the miracle of it, the birth of a babe, which nard P. Brockbank, Assistant to the gives added reason for the reality of eternal continuance, the renewal Twelve. Sustained were President

of resurrection; for it is no greater miracle to have life everlasting than Franklin S. Gonzalez and counselors to have life here and now. And so, gratefully we acknowledge the John M. Anderson and Milton L. Pierce. infinite mind of our Maker, and gratefully ought to offer our tithes This is the 446th stake now functioning. and offerings, and earnestly consistent service, in thanks for all that God has given, and keep his commandments in remembrance of the A collection of Egyptian papyri, love and providence and purpose of the Creator, the God and Father once owned by the Prophet Joseph

~~of us all, the organizer and operator of heaven and earth, without whom Smith, was given to the Church by the~~

~~all these things would not be so. Thank God for all this: for life and Metropolitan Museum of Art in New~~

what sustains it, for loved ones that make it meaningful, for faith and York City. (See the January Era.) purpose and continuance, always and forever. Thank God for all of this—and much, much more. Perth (Australia) Stake, 447th now

~~i functioning, was organized under~~

1 "The Thankful Month," Lewis's Magazine, the direction of Elder Thomas S. Mon- son of the Council of the Twelve and * "The Spoken Word" from Temple Square, presented over KSL and the Columbia Bishop Robert L. Simpson of the Broadcasting System November 19, 1967. Copyright 1967.

74 Improvement Era Kodak Film DEVELOPING Presiding Bishopric. Donald W. Cum- the Council of the Twelve and Elder mings was sustained as president, with Sterling W. Sill, Assistant to the Twelve. u p Leslie E. Williams and Derek A. Edwards It was taken from the Reseda and to as counselors. Canoga Park stakes, and is 448th SAVE the 50% stake now functioning. Sustained were FAST, CONVENIENT President John Lyman Ballif and coun- December 1967 selors Lloyd S. Moffit and Noal T. QUALITY SERVICE Greenwood.

~~New stake presidencies: President New stake presidencies: President Robert W. Barker and counselors Dennis K. Myers and counselors Reed~~

June B. Thane and Wendell G. Eames, V. Langlois and Grant V. Bunderson in B" Washington (D.C.) Stake; President the San Diego South (California) Stake; COLOR Richard P. Shumway and counselors President Robert D. Orme and coun-

Arden L. Rowley and Dean B. Farns- selors Horace E. Hess and Vincent A. K0DAC0L0R Developing and SIZE worth, Orem West (Utah) Stake; Presi- Birch in the Yellowstone (Idaho) Stake. SUPER Prints dent Stephen L Van Wagener and 8 Exposure Rolls: ...$2.55 Save 77*

~~12 Exposure Rolls: . $3.00 Save $1.48 counselors Dean O. Peck and Samuel The Salt Lake Tabernacle Choir D~~

Reprints from Negs: . $ .20 ea. Save 9f L. Hamilton, North Sacramento (Cali- presented its 2,000th weekly radio Super Size Prints are 4x4 with 50% Greater fornia) Stake; President Clive V. Tenney network program. Picture Area and counselors E Craig Harper and KODACHRQME or EKTACHROME Joseph C. Price, San Diego (California) President David 0. McKay attended Developed into Slides or Movie Film East Stake. the annual Christmas meeting of 35 mm, 20 Mounted Slides: General Authorities and employees of $1.35 Save75f Multi-colored lights—more than the Church Administration Building. 35 mm, 36 Mounted Slides: $2.40 Save $1.00 100,000 of them—were turned on The meeting also honored the birth of Super 8 Cartridge or 8 mm Movie Roll: at Temple Square this evening, high- the Prophet Joseph Smith. The Presi- $1.35 Save 75? lighting other decorations and scenes dent's message was read by a son, on Temple Square, all heralding the General Superintendent David Law- BLACK & WHITE coming Christmas season. rence McKay of the Sunday Schools. Developing and Jumbo Prints

8 Exposure Rolls: . . $ .85 Save 51 1 Simi Stake, named for a ward and A total of 63 television stations 12 Exposure Rolls: . . $1.00 Save 88e a geographical location in Cali- LAI are . carrying a special 30-minute 20 Exposure Rolls: . $1.35 Save $1.45

~~. fornia, was organized under the direc- color presentation of "Christmas on 36 Exposure Rolls: . $2.00 Save $2.72 tion of Elder Howard W. Hunter of Temple Square" this year. GENEALOGY PHOTOS~~

n Negatives from old photos: $ .60 Save40f A Warning On Cumorah's crest, the Prophet lay, n Prints from negatives: $.08 Save At bathed red in the set of a fatal day. INSTRUCTIONS: Check your order above and fill By Kenneth Great Mormon raised his hand and cried, in name and address below • Wrap entire form W. G. Catran "This day a faithless people died. around your exposed film and include in heavy duty envelope along with your remittance • No C.O.D.'s please • Minimum order: $1.00 • We "Once proud and fair, a joy to behold, pay return postage • You receive full credit for with cities of stone, and spires of gold. any unprintable negatives or any overpayment. Utah residents add 3V2% State Sales Tax. Alas! They forsook their Christian zeal and now lie dead 'neath a heathen heel. NAME (PLEASE PRINT:

"A savage stalks the fruitful land ADDRESS with flaming torch in upraised hand. CITY But 'twas not him with his painted face STATE ZIP Check if you want Film Mailer Envelopes at no that spelt thy doom, O wayward race. charge

"A Tower of Babel toithin the mind YOU MUST BE SATISFIED OR YOUR brought to an end my Nephite kind. MONEY WILL BE PROMPTLY REFUNDED They would not heed their God on high MAIL TODAY TO and so are sprawled 'neath a darkening sky.' SAM'S PHOTO LAB P.O. Box 1115, Dept. X, Salt Lake City, Utah 84110

February 1968 75 cause these men belong to the Church, thousands of years of western civilization what they say is Church policy. in writing the U.S. Constitution, but once Buffs Brother and Sister Savage written and adopted, it was not to be Cottage Grove, Oregon changed by other than the means pro- and vided. I am thoroughly convinced that Congressmen — even members of the our Constitution is a divine document, writ- Rebuffs Church — are official representatives of ten by raised their constituents and themselves only, men up by God for that very purpose. and not of the Church. Their viewpoints William H. were clearly labeled personal, and as such Edwards Phoenix, Arizona were published for the interest and stimu- lation of Era readers. ." "Morals and Politics . . Congressmen LDS Two and a Half Years Later The column "Morals and Politics in In-

ternational Life" ( November ) appears ran the In October and November you In a belated reading of "Neither Purse to me to be out of harmony both with congressmen. Per- viewpoints of LDS nor Sword" (August 1965) by Dr. G. the scriptures and with the repeated ad- sonally, we have nothing against this. We Homer Durham, concerning the U.S. Su- montions of our modern prophets. , like to know which Church members are preme Court, I could not disagree with Had the philosophy of separating mo- serving in Congress, their views it I believe that this and what more. idea of five rality from politics been observed, I feel are. However, recently we have heard men out of nine being able to flout the sure we would never have had our speakers in Church using quotations plain intent of the legislators is going to Declaration of Independence or our Con- from these congressmen, and indicating be the ruin of our constitutional republic stitution. that these quotations represent the if it is not curbed. If the philosophy of the article were Church's stand on certain issues. For These officials are sworn to "protect, projected, it would appear that we should instance, we know from study that the uphold, and defend" the Constitution. surrender to the Communists once they population explosion is not the worst Also, the comparison of the evolution of were demonstrably superior to us from a problem we have. Rather, Communism the body of the law in Rome and Britain military standpoint. I think we should is our worst problem. We know that the with the U.S. is not valid because the die first! purpose of the articles was good, but former two did not have a rigid, written W. Vaughn Ellsworth some people take for granted that be- constitution. True, we drew heavily on Mesa, Arizona

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76 Improvement Era LDS BOOKS AND RECORDS 15% CASH SAVINGS ON OVER 500 SELECTIONS 20% savings on selected titles We Won't Strike Catalog and details on how to obtain your LDS books and records at a savings will your selections when you order. May I express my thanks to all concerned FREE sent upon request; they be included with with the publication of the Era. From this OUR PROMISED LAND "Book MORMON DOCTRINE $5.90 wonderful magazine I get quite a kick. I postage of Mormon Stories for by Bruce R. McConkie + love to read about the true Church of Boys and Girls" $1.80 Jesus Christ. Since being introduced to OTHER LDS BOOKS AND RECORDS by Marie Musig Barton + postage the Church by my son Peter, my home We carry 95% of all LDS books and rec- (reg. $2.25) has now been transformed into a happy ords in print; those not included in this ad one. No words can really express the RECORD ALBUM—BOOK OF are available at their regularly advertised wonderful work the young elders do MORMON STORIES FOR price less 15% (+ postage). here. The hard work and sincerity of CHILDREN $15.96 MAN HIS ORIGIN AND postage these boys is very moving. —records of the above book + DESTINY $3.20 Sometime back I felt that I was re- by Sister Barton (reg. $19.95) postage by Joseph Fielding Smith , + jected not only by my family but by MAN MAY KNOW FOR (reg. $4.00) everyone with whom I came into con- HIMSELF $4.21 TABERNACLE CHOIR ALBUMS tact. Now I look back on those years by Pres. David O. McKay postage cash savings) $4.33 and say to myself, "What a waste of (25% (reg. $4.95) Stereo or monaural (reg. $5.78) + postage years." I am still alone but not lonely. The love of our Heavenly Father, health, • POSTAGE • Residents of Arizona add 3 percent sales happiness, and the blessings of God are tax. United States send 10c per $3.00 worth more than money. order or portion thereof. (Ex. $1.90 LDS MAILBOX BOOKSTORE May I offer my thanks to everyone con- order 10c; $3.25 order 20c) All For- P. 0. Box 2454; 346 S. Hobson St. cerned with the Era. I have no com- eign Countries send 15c per $3.00 Mesa, Arizona 85201, Tel: 964-7061 plaints about it. But please don't you order or portion. get the strike bug. (In our community a Offer good anywhere in world big strike is going on.) I can't help wondering what would happen if our Heavenly Father were to go on strike. Mrs. Rosemary Morris Leamington, Pennsylvania ANNOUNCING I I Stayed Up All Night THE NEW k MT£ value, cjisat mzn bu £ Perhaps you would like to know that & tiiziz virtus, ana not uu tnE.ii § one of our investigators stayed up all night to read the Eras we loaned her. Stcutdwd lUCCEli.. Now that she is a member of the Church, she is passing them on to her friends to — (Loxnziiui. dV£.hoi enjoy. 3 3 3 Elder Jerry L. Blackburn MINIATURE FILMSTRIP New Town Tasmania, Australia • PROJECTOR •

Life Among the Mormons DESEREI 150 WATT LAMP The poetic series "Life Among the Mor- AIR COOLED 0E17UAEY mons" in the "End of an Era" has been outstanding in its frankness, good humor, $39.50 THOUGHT FOR THE MONTH and incisive truth and accuracy. I find MODEL 333-C it much in the tradition of some of the CUT OUT & ADD TO YOUR COLLECTION folk songs, like "Once I lived in Cotton- $59.50 wood," in which the nineteenth century Just Published Latter-day Saint pioneer didn't hesitate Model 333-C is a to satirize the foibles of those both low filmstrip/slide projector with a choice and high. After all, though the gospel How 88,648 of regular or stan- is perfect, no single one of us is. Robert W. Donigan dard slide changer. Heavy Smokers Logan, Utah LIFETIME GUARANTEE! Compartmentalized Saint Designed and built specifically to meet Stopped Smoking church, educational and industrial re- Center of I would like to tell you how much I, and quirements. Compare—and you'll agree: NEW YORK — The Anti-Tobacco many more with me in our ward, liked feature for feature, dollar for dollar, America has just published a booklet which the two-part article "Parable of the Com- Standard gives you more. explains how 88,648 heavy smokers (of whom partmentalized Saint" ( September-Octo- many are physicians) have stopped smoking ber). part GEDRGE WEBB In reading the about exposing without straining their will power. This book- the body in beauty contests, and in read- let is available free of charge. All you need ing the Prophet's thoughts on the subject, Spates (^ompamj to do, to obtain it, is to send your name and it came to my mind that there are various • AUDIO-VISUAL SPECIALISTS • address to The Anti-Tobacco Center of Amer- publications about our Church written 937 EAST 3300 SOUTH • PH. 484-8567 by respected members, and some of these ica, Dept. A-101-S, 276 Park Avenue South, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH 84106 publications even carry favorable articles New York City, 10010. This offer is open and photographs of beauty queens who while the supply of these booklets lasts. are LDS. Does this agree with Church principles and standards? Would these A TEXAS OIL CO. things not have been better left out? Hoiomalic Gas Water Heater #3 Wants Man Over 40 Bob deBoer We need a good man who can make short Will supply all the hot water needed auto trips for about a week at Scarborough for Baptistries, Church Kitchens, a time. We Ontario, Canada Rest Rooms. Heats 450 GPH, 20° are willing to pay top earnings, up to rise in temperature. Write for free $16,500 in a Year Plus Regular Cash Bonus folders on water heaters, Fiberglass Our top men in other parts of country draw Baptistries and spires. Also Electric Water Heaters. exceptional earnings. Contact customers LITTLE GIANT MFG. CO. around your area. Air mail confidential letter 907 7th Street, Orange, Texas to F. R. Dickerson, Southwestern Petroleum Corp.. Forth Worth. Texas 76101.

~~February 1968 77 LDS FILMS AVAILABLE~~

~~Educational Media Services Herald R. Clark Building Brigham Young University Provo, Utah 84601~~

~~Also Available at:~~

• Chicago, Illinois • San Francisco, California By Dr. G. Homer • Mount Vernon, New York Durham • Los Angeles, California • Idaho Falls, Idaho President, • Mesa, Arizona Arizona State University • Lethbridge, Alberta

Deseret Book Company Film Department • Morals constitute the concern (together with forgiveness) of 44 East South Temple for what is right and what is wrong. human frailty. His words, "Neither Salt Lake City, Utah 84110 "Low" morals in common talk do I condemn thee: go, and sin refer to standards or conduct on no more" (John 8:11), afford one end of the scale. "High moral comfort. Few, aside from Jesus, standards" generally mean that ever utter them. Nor are prayers Pero things or conduct are on the right often heard for "them which de- side. Ordinary people usually say spitefully use you." (Matt. 5:44.)

~~a thing is good or bad. Public Nor is love displayed toward ene-~~

~~figures, politicians, teachers, mies. The Gospels tell us that~~

preachers, executive speechmak- moral conduct, right or wrong, is ers, however, usually talk about a matter of attitude—of the heart, THE NEW "morals." mind, and spirit, as well as the i:-r: $$&> NON-CAFFEINE For some time we have been physical performance of the hand, HOT DRINK hearing about "the crisis in foot, or body; that in order to A delicious and nourishing way to start the day keep for the whole family. Adults and children like the delicious flavor of the wholesome grains. morality," or "the new morality," ourselves in a state of grace, it Simple to fix — just add boiling water and serve! Economical, too! Look for it at your fa- vorite market. or "moral stagnation," and so helps to be forgiving and merciful Distributed by forth. Generally speaking, in the to others, as a means of disciplin- WORLD public domain, the meanings of ing our own feelings, conduct, and FOODS Juillard Fancy such terms go undefined. But the expressions. Food 2520 South 7th West 310 Townsend Street implication runs to the point that This leads to one thought as to Salt Lake City. Utah San Francisco, Calif.

~~Dealers Inquiries Welcome things are pretty bad and about what may be wrong in the present~~

to get worse. It has gone this way world. It is that hardly anyone CHURCH & throughout history. Moral concern takes time to read what Jesus SCHOOL goes with the facts and acts himself said and did. He continues FREE FURNITURE of living. to be, in Bruce Barton's words, the CATALOG The moral teachings of Jesus, man nobody knows. If this wrong as disclosed in the Four Gospels, could be righted, some of the • Folding Chairs & Tables - • Stacking Chairs set forth the highest standards of other things, more often talked • Blackboards • Lecterns individual and social conduct, to- about, would improve. . • Hat & Coat Racks

TABLES! , Immediate,..„,.Delivery! CHAIRS 1 / gether with the greatest sense of Custom, habit, and tradition Adirondack compassion and understanding are more influential than the I24-H Park Ave. So.; N.Y.C, 10010

~~Shipping Points — PITTSBURGH • CHICAGO BOSTON • DALLAS • ATLANTA • LOS ANGELES~~

~~78 Improvement Era ATTENTION,~~

"source material" found in the But, be of good cheer. Help CHOIR Four Gospels. Despite the rise of exists—and is available. God has literacy and education, and the made man in such notable fashion CONDUCTORS! physical presence of the Bible, that he may stumble through life Suggested LDS Choir Anthems our moral standards have been without taking too much conscious Abide With Me, 'Tis Eventide Gates M more firmly shaped by the onward advantage of the New Testament. All Glory, Laud and Honor Schreiner M All in the April Evening Robertson M sweep of custom and tradition in Help comes in a volume called the America the Beautiful Asper M civilization. Much of the energy Book of Mormon, wherein a good Awake! Arise! Stickles E Beautiful Zion for Me Daynes E expended to uphold rightness or parent-teacher named Lehi dis- Bless Ye the Lord Ivanoff E deter wrongness is aimed at closed to his son Jacob that "men Brother James Air Jacob M superficialities rather than basic are instructed sufficiently that Come, Come Ye Saints Robertson D Come, Come Ye Saints Cornwall M human attitudes. For example, they know good from evil," and For the Beauty of the Earth Davis M Glory to God Kessel M long hair, beards, and sandals are that redemption "cometh in and God is Holy Eberlein M not in themselves wrong. Indeed, through the Holy Messiah; for he God So Loved the World Stainer E Gospel Gives Unbounded Schreiner E they were badges of respectability is full of grace and truth. Behold, Strength, The not so long ago. Nor is a neat, he offereth himself a sacrifice for Gospel Is Truly the Power Schreiner M of God well-groomed look always the sin, to answer the ends of the law, He Watching Over Israel Mendelssohn M badge of moral virtue. Appear- unto all those who have a broken Here in This House Howorth M Holy City Arnold MD ances are often deceiving. But the heart and a contrite spirit; and How Beautiful Upon the Harker MD Mountains minds of men tend to see things unto none else can the ends of the I Shall Not Pass Again Effinger E in stereotype. law be answered." (2 Ne. 2:5-7.) This Way If Ye Love Me, Keep My Carlbon M An age that hears outcries Now, life has a way of bringing Commandments In My Father's House MacDermid M against statism, regimentation, about broken hearts and contrite Jerusalem, Turn Thee Gounod M the evils of conformity, and the spirits. Thus, given man's moral Jesus, Name of Wondrous Love Titcomb M

King of Love My Shepherd Is Shelley D virtues of individualism, tends to nature and life's experiences, the Let Not Your Heart Be Foster M shudder at the least expression of outlook is really hopeful! For, as Troubled Let Us Oft Speak Kind Words Gates E individuality and individual dif- the Book of Mormon teacher Lo, My Shepherd Is Divine Haydn MD ference. Birds of a feather flock pointed out further to his son, Lo, What a Beauteous Rose Praetorius M Lord Bless You and Keep You Lutkin E together. Any others tend to be "men are, that they might have Lord Is a Mighty God, The Mendelssohn M ugly ducklings. A small town, joy." (2 Ne. 2:25.) Lord Hear Our Prayer Verdi MD Lord Is My Shepherd, The Richards M composed of single-minded, pro- In conclusion, it may well be Lord's Prayer Gates M fessed Christians, makes it diffi- important to remark that the ethic Lord's Prayer Robertson MD May Now Thy Spirit Trehorne M cult for those of a different sect of "joy" introduced something My Redeemer Lives Gates M when the new factory brings quite novel into the Calvinist sys- Now Let the Heavens Be Chambers M Joyful of morals, wherein the doc- "strangers" to town. The message tem Now Thank We All Our God Holler E written large in the Four Gospels trine was announced in 1830 A.D. Now Thank We All Our God Bach M Brother Man Robertson M Fear were supposed to be con- goes unheeded. of the un- Men Cast Thy Burden Upon Aulbach E the Lord known pervades the atmosphere ceived in sin, to be born in sin, Come, Let Us Worship Mendelssohn M until replaced by warm knowledge to live in sin, and to die as worms; God, Our Help in Ages Cornwall M Past developed by cool minds. not eternal souls, born with moral Lofty Mountains Cannon M There is breakdown of law and sense ("instructed sufficiently"), 6 Loving Savior, Slain for Us Auber M Worship the King Cornwall M order. Crimes of violence are on endowed with creative power, Onward Ye People Sibelius M the increase. People are on the questing for knowledge and intel- Open Our Eyes Macfarlane D Open the Gates Jenkins M increase. The moral crisis moves ligence in order to surmount Poor Wayfaring Man of Grief Durham M ever onward, upward, and down- existing arrangements, moving Son of Man Robertson M Neidlinger M ward. But the lessons basic to the toward progress. Spirit of God Still, Still With Thee Shelley M heart of the matter are rarely Well, things seem pretty bad Thanks to Thee, Lord Handel M That Blessed Easter Morn Caldwell E heard. Checks are written for the sometimes. But there is comfort Verdant Meadows Handel M United Fund. Headlines about the in some of these things in these We Are Watchmen Schreiner MD Shaw M latest atrocity are read. But who times. Remember the key thought: With a Voice of Singing The Letters E, M, MD and D indicate easy, has actually read the parables of Morals and moral concerns have medium, medium difficult, and difficult. the Good Samaritan or the Prodi- for their purpose not misery, but Average Price is 25c to 30c gal Son recently? And practiced joy! It will help if more of us act Ora Pate Stewart's Wj rftftyr/v/} or applied them? as if we really believe it. o "To a Child" %f4 tUUCif % Solo or Trio ^^ Music Co 50c each P. O- Box 2009 IDAHO FALLS, IDAHO 83401

~~February 1968 79 End of an Era~~

The assignment was written A scientist rushed into the My son Robert, as a child, on the seminary control room of the missile center had a slight speech impediment that classroom blackboard: "Why do and announced a new he was quite sensitive we need a Church?" discovery. "Gentlemen," he about. When he was in the All of the students began to shouted, "there are women fourth grade, his teacher told the write busily except one. on the moon. We just shot up class that Utah was settled by He wrote a few words, then a communication rocket and pioneers who came, for turned to his mathematics got a busy signal!" the most part, from foreign countries. book. The teacher, Then she told them his temperature rising with each to ask their parents about the step, marched back to We have no excuse to err in nationalities of their forefathers. him, his red pencil poised to our knowledge and understanding When I told Robert his mark 1VF" on the of right and wrong, ancestors were Danish, German, paper. Then he saw what the because God has marked out English, Scotch, and boy had written: 'To keep the path, the straight Spanish, his face lit up. ''Well!" the GO in the GOspel." and narrow way that leads to life he exclaimed. "No wonder I can't —Mrs. John S. Kelley, eternal. —Elder Delbert L. talk plain!"—Mrs. Martha H. Boise, Idaho Stapley Burton, Layton, Utah — Lawyer "You say that A politician thinks of the Can't Lose you were about 35 feet from the next election; a statesman of scene of the crime and the next generation. By Elizabeth Whitney yet you can identify the defendant? —James Freeman Clarke, // I have an umbrella Just how far can you see American clergyman That's pretty and new clearly?" Witness: "Well, when

~~And leave it somewhere, I wake up in the~~

The result is "adieu." morning I can see the sun, and they tell me that's I If leave this umbrella, 93 million miles away!" Oh, if it be to choose and call Well in its decline, thee mine, Someone's sure to come The best way I know of Love, thou art every day my

~~running to win an argument is to start Valentine! And ask if it's mine! by being in the right. —Thomas Hood, "For the —Lord Hailsham Fourteenth of February"~~

~~"End of an Era" will pay $3 for humorous anecdotes and experiences relating to Latter-day Saint way of life. Maximum length 150 words.~~

~~80 Improvement Era RICKS COLLEGE An outstanding two-year college owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints~~

~~Each student is special at Ricks College~~

Classes are small at Ricks College. Close Admission Requirements personal relationships tielween professor an 1. --Graduate from an accredited high school. student are the way of life. It's a way of life 2. Take the American College Test (A.C.T.). x dominated by an a titude of friendliness and 3. Arrange for tiousing. concern for others inspired by the common 4. All students are, welcome, and those who bond of the gospel, It precipitates a wonder- enroll are expected to maintain standards ful feeling, shared by student and faculty, consistent with the ideals of The Church that is fondly called "The Spirit of Ricks." of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

jt does it cost to attend Ricks College? The "spirit" is contagious. It begins wit Tuition (yearly) LDS | $ 350.00 greet 6ach the friendly hi's and smiles that (inon-LDS — $400^00) enters Ricks. It is amplified student as he Board and Room (est.) 750.00 friendships found in shared- by choice new "Books and Supplies (est.) 100.00 apartments, classes, and extra-curricular activities. It swells wijth pride in the great $1,200.00 (est.) new campus (fifteen ijpajor buildings since Application dates tp^femember 1962, and a modern fieldhouse currently un- Scholarship DeadJifie — April 10 der construction). It i$ climaxed by unique Admission Deadline — April 15 experiences in social activities, leadership, early for housing. Beauti- and spirituality provided by the stu You need to apply ful residence halls for both boys and wards of the Ricks College Stake. new girls on and of\ campus provide modern apartment-style living. It is enhanced by the small classes thro which a superior faculty cares for the indi- For housing information write: vidual needs of thei students. Each student Housing, Ricks College^ Rexburg, Idaho you must apply early. is special at Ricks College. 83440. Remember,

~~Registration Datel August 21, 22, 23 Ricks C bum, Idaho 83440~~

~~Where "Hi" is the password!~~

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