UPDATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) FOR OPERATION OF FUEL STORAGE AND SUPPORTING FACILITIES IN PANTAI KELAPA, DILI, TIMOR LESTE WITH TOTAL CAPACITY OF 5,300 KL
This updated Environmental Management Plans (EMP) is prepared by PEC Consulting, Lda. on behalf of Pertamina International Timor, SA (PITSA). PEC Consulting is a national environmental and engineering consulting company headquartered in Dili. Comment, suggestion and input for this EMP report can be forwarded to [email protected]
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Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 6 1.1 Project Overview ...... 6 1.2 Regulation and Legal Framework ...... 9 1.3 Impacts and Management Plan ...... 14 1.3.1 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation ...... 14 1.3.2 Occupational Health and Safety Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 16 1.4 Decommissioning Plans ...... 19 1.5 Measurement of Environmental Parameters ...... 23 1.6 Monitoring and Performance Indicators ...... 27 1.6.1 Emission Guidelines ...... 27 1.6.2 OHS Guidelines and Standard ...... 28 1.7 Positive and Negative Social and Economic Impacts ...... 29 2. PROJECT PROPONENT ...... 31 2.1 Overview of PITSA Company ...... 31 2.2 Company Vision and Values ...... 32 2.3 Commitment to Sustainability, Environment, Health and Safety ...... 32 3. DETAILS OF THE EIA CONSULTANTS ...... 34 3.1 PEC – Consulting Summary ...... 36 3.2 Resume of Specialist Involved in this Project ...... 36 3.2.1 Krispin Fernandes, PhD ...... 36 3.2.2 Rosalyn Fernandes, S.T., MURP ...... 38 3.2.3 Mario Marques Cabral, S.Si, M.Sc ...... 40 3.2.4 Venancio Fernandes, S.T...... 44 3.2.5 Crisanto dos Santos ...... 46 3.2.6 Juvencio dos Santos ...... 47 4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 48 4.1 Project Identification and Categorization ...... 48 4.2 Project Location and Boundary ...... 48 4.3 Areas Potentially Affected by Development ...... 50 4.4 Main Project Component ...... 50 4.4.1 Jetty ...... 53 4.4.2 Storage Yard ...... 54 4.4.3 Distribution System ...... 56
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4.4.4 Supporting Facilities ...... 57 4.5 Process Operation ...... 60 4.5.1 Receiving the fuel from the boat Tanker ...... 60 4.5.2 Storing the Fuels ...... 61 4.5.3 Distributing system ...... 61 4.5.4 Maintenance of the Facility ...... 63 4.6 Other Development Related to the Operation of Project ...... 65 4.7 Justification and Need of Project ...... 65 4.8 Proponent Endorsement of the updated EMP ...... 66 4.9 Structure of the updated EMP ...... 66 5. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS...... 68 5.1 Relevant Policy and Legislation ...... 68 5.2 Relevant National and International Environmental Quality Standard ...... 78 5.3 Guidelines in Measurement and Monitoring ...... 78 5.4 Relevant Institutional Aspects ...... 79 5.5 Institutional Constraint and Barriers ...... 79 5.6 Procedure of Environmental License ...... 80 5.7 Institutional Arrangements and Responsibilities...... 84 5.7.1 Overall Monitoring Responsibilities and Activities ...... 84 5.7.2 Organization Roles and Responsibilities ...... 84 6. CONTRACTUAL AND CORPORATE OBLIGATIONS ...... 87 7. SUMMARY OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 88 7.1 Environmental Impacts during Operation ...... 88 7.1.1 Air Emission ...... 88 7.1.2 Degradation of Marine Water and Ecological Quality ...... 91 7.1.3 Soil and Groundwater Contamination ...... 97 7.1.4 Solid-waste ...... 99 7.2 Environmental Impacts during Decommissioning ...... 100 7.3 Socio-Economic Impacts...... 101 7.3.1 Health Impacts ...... 102 7.3.2 Traffic Impacts ...... 102 7.3.3 Other Social Impacts ...... 105 7.3.4 Economic Impacts ...... 105 7.4 Occupational Health and Safety ...... 105
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7.4.1 Chemical hazards ...... 107 7.4.2 Fire and explosions ...... 108 7.4.3 Confined spaces ...... 108 7.5 Community Health and Safety ...... 109 7.5.1 Large Scale Fire or Spill ...... 110 7.5.2 Traffic safety ...... 110 7.6 Climate Change Impacts ...... 110 7.6.1 Greenhouse gas Emission ...... 112 7.6.2 Temperature Change ...... 112 7.6.3 Change of Rainfall Pattern ...... 112 7.6.4 Sea Level Rise...... 113 7.7 Impacts during the Deactivation Stage...... 114 7.8 Summary of Positive Impacts Assessment of Project ...... 115 8. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 116 8.1 Mitigation Measures during the Operation of Facility ...... 116 8.1.1 Technical Mitigation Approach ...... 116 8.1.2 Best Management Practice or Non-technical Approach ...... 131 8.1.3 Occupational Health and Safety Issue ...... 136 8.2 Mitigation Measures during Decommissioning and Deactivation Phase...... 148 9. GOVERNING PARAMETERS ...... 150 9.1 Emission ...... 150 9.2 Ambient Environmental quality ...... 153 9.3 Occupational Health and Safety Standard ...... 154 10. MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 155 10.1 Monitoring parameters and Indicator ...... 155 10.1.1 OHS Indicator ...... 158 10.2 Monitoring Location ...... 158 11. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS ...... 159 12. RESPONSIBILITIES FOR MITIGATION AND MONITORING ...... 161 13. EMERGENCY PLANS ...... 163 13.1 Classification of Emergency and Legal Framework ...... 163 13.2 Structural Organization of Emergency Response ...... 164 13.3 Strategic of Emergency Response and Available Resources ...... 165 13.4 Emergency response plan ...... 169
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13.5 Simulation and communication ...... 174 13.6 Evacuation Route ...... 174 13.7 Report After emergency ...... 175 13.8 Previous Emergency Situation...... 175 14. DECOMMISSIONING PLAN ...... 176 14.1 PITSA Decommissioning Policy ...... 176 14.2 Audit of Existing Asset...... 177 14.3 Scope of Decommissioning Plan ...... 177 14.3.1 Storage Tank Decommissioning ...... 178 14.3.5 Solid waste Management ...... 188 14.4 Reclamation of Project Site and Transfer of Land ...... 188 14.5 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Decommissioning ...... 189 15. CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING ...... 192 16. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND STAKEHODER ENGAGEMENT ...... 194 16.1 Presentation to Stakeholder ...... 195 16.2 Question and Answer...... 196 16.3 List of Presence ...... 199 16.4 Recommendation of the Stakeholder ...... 201 17. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 202 17.1 The Purpose for Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 202 17.2 Steps and Procedures for the GRM ...... 203 18. WORK PLAN AND IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ...... 206 19. COST ESTIMATES ...... 208 19.1 Operating Cost ...... 208 19.2 Social cost ...... 208 19.3 Deactivation and Decommission Cost ...... 209 20. REVIEW OF THE EMP ...... 209 21. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY ...... 211 22. SUMARIO NON –TEKNIK...... 218 23. ANNEXES ...... 225
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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This updated Environmental Management Plan (EMP) document was prepared according to Decree Law No 5/2011 on Environmental Licensing for fuel storage and distribution in Pantai Kelapa, Dili, Timor Leste. The facility has been in operation since 1981. The original EMP document was prepared in 1998 by project owner, at the time, under the Indonesian regulatory framework and environmental and social condition in 1998. However, the regulation framework, environmental and socio-economic conditions have changed as compares to almost 20-years ago.
Therefore, the updated EMP is necessary, in order to know compliance of the project operation to current setting of regulatory framework under the Timor Leste legislation and environmental protection law, the impacts of current setting of socio-economic, environmental and comparison with physical environmental condition. This updated EMP document is supported with measurement of the some important environmental parameters in the receiving ambient, relevant to the operation of the fuel receiving, storing, and distribution from the fuel storage and supporting facility in Pantai Kelapa, Timor Leste.
The following description provides the project overview, environmental impacts, occupational health and safety, community health and safety, socio-economic impacts, data collection, and the propose environmental management plan for the operation of the facility prior to decommissioning to the new project site in other area in Timor Leste, in which the project owner has proposed and government of Timor Leste, is the process of approval to the new project site.
1.1 Project Overview
The existing fuel storage and supporting facility, receives roughly 4000 kiloliter/month of fuel (HSD and Gasoline) and distributed at the similar rate in Dili and other places in Timor Leste. There are three main processes that are connected and become one unit of operational process in the facility – (i) unloading of fuel from tanker via; (ii) storage system and (iii) distribution of fuel to costumers (vendors) via filling shed or bunkering facility.
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Figure 1.1 Components and Interlinks of the Existing Fuel Storage and Distribution System
The above processes only apply to petroleum products of gasoline and diesel fuel. Other products including LPG, Lube oil and asphalt are delivered to Timor Leste via container cargo. Lube oil and LPG are currently not stored within the facility, instead the supplier directly takeover the marketing system in Timor Leste. Asphalt, on the other hand is supplied/imported to Timor Leste based on demand such as for Suai Airport construction done by P.T. Waskita Karya and normally no accumulation storage is currently needed. The rate of gasoline and diesel fuel entering PITSA facility is listed in the following table.
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Table 1.1Rate of Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Supply into the Facility Type of Product Rate Inflow, KL/month Rate of Sale, KL/month Gasoline 2200 2080 Diesel fuel 1800 1690
The continuous operation of the facility is vital for the government and people of Timor Leste, as the facility shall provide and supply the reliable fuel to support the Timor Leste economy. For the project owner, the continuous operation means an opportunity to gain profit from lucrative fuel supply and distribution in Timor Leste. This means that the project provide mutual benefit to both project owner and Timorese people.
However, the operation of the above facilities will also cause some negative temporary impacts that may arise during the construction of the facility and regular impacts during the operation of the plants and supporting facilities. These impacts must be assessed in the conceptual and design phase of the project so that proper mitigation measures could be proposed to minimize the impacts during each phase of project development. As the project is an existing one and already has an EMP made in 1998, the regulatory bodies in Timor Leste require the project owner to submit an updated EMP, supported with the measurement results of some important key environmental parameters plus the decommissioning plan as the project will soon to be re-locate to the new site, which the government is under evaluation.
The proposed development project consists of several major components that inter-link in a series of operation: Receiving the fuel from boat tanker Jetty and piping system Tank farm or storage tank Filling shed and distribution line Support system (utilities)
This updated EMP document has been prepared by PEC – Consulting LDA, on behalf of PITSA, in responding to the evaluation of provided by DNCPIA and ANPM, regarding the classification of the project and the next step to get the environmental license. The environmental impacts assessment (EIA) was carried out by reviewing and updating all background information related to the nature of the project, necessary field data collection to measure baseline physical parameters of the environment, and analyses of all the potential impacts that will arise during project execution. More importantly, an environmental management plan (EMP) was proposed to be implemented by the project owner in order to avoid, minimize or compensate for the impacts during each phase of project implementation.
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The following discussion provides summarizes related environmental and safety impacts during the operational of each of the above component of the project, particularly to the receiving environment such as marine water, groundwater and soil, air, worker, and community of Dili and surrounding.
1.2 Regulation and Legal Framework
This updated Environmental Management Plan (EMP) was prepared based on the Timor Leste legal framework of environmental protection and safeguards principle, as stipulated in the RDTL constitution that further elaborated in the Decree Law No. 5/2011 in the practice of environmental licensing to ensure and control all the major project development and implementation does follow the proper environmental impact assessment (EIA) in the territory of Timor Leste. The following table shows the summary of the important legal framework related to environmental protection, environmental impacts assessment and oil and gas project development.
Table 1.2 Summary of legal framework on EIA and Oil and Gas Industry in Timor Leste Name of Legal No. And Scope of Regulation/ Article relevant to Project Document Date 1. Constitution of May 20, The Constitution of Timor Leste has mandated the protection of the Democratic 2002 environmental and preservation of natural resources (article 6 – f) to Republic ensure that the development of the economics of Timor Leste, should not jeopardizing the natural environment, in achieving the national goal 2. Environmental DL No. The Scope of regulation cover the procedure and need for the Licensing 5/2011, environmental licensing process, including the classification of projects, February 9, and level detail of the environmental impacts assessment (EIA) required 2011 prior to the issuance of environmental license to the project proponent 3. Environmental DL No. Article 6 – Rights of National Citizens Basic Law 26/2012, July Establishing entitlement of the citizen’s especially vulnerable groups to 4, 2012 participate in environmental protection, accessing of env. information, env. education and to petition in the court when their rights have been infringed from any laws and policy.
Article 12 – Local Communities Recognizing the importance of local community participation in the formulation, implementation and monitoring of env. policy, calling for public consultation for such participation and the creation of necessary structure and channels of communication for local community’s participation.
Article 14 – Environmental Standards Calling for the State to establish and publish env. quality standards for receiving environment. These standards should be applicable to all the country or to specific areas and all sectors.
Article 15 – Environmental Assessment and Licensing 9 | P a g e
Establishing foundation for the environmental assessment and licensing program that should inform on the procedures for technical analysis, principles for decision-making process and public consultation. It also calling out for the establishment of monitoring for implementation of the programs, plans or projects that are subjects to environmental assessment and licensing system through all stages of development (construction, operation and maintenance and decommissioning).
Article 16 – Environmental Monitoring Calling for the creation of a transparent, comprehensive, decentralized and periodic system of environmental monitoring for pollution control, quality of ambient environment and state use of natural resources.
Article 32 – Pollution Control Ensuring that appropriate measures are taken to avoid, minimize and reduce environmental damage, degradation as well as risks to public health and economic development caused by pollution. Specifically calling for the use of best techniques available for pollution prevention and the promotion of measures to facilitate the adoption of alternatives to the use of fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals for agricultural production.
Article 33 – Air Pollution Spelling out the need to reduce greenhouse gas production, reduction of pollution from vehicle and other machinery and banning importation and production of ozone-depleting substances.
Article 35 – Water Pollution Calling out for reduction and control of the release of pollution into surface, sub-surface and marine water bodies. Establishing state responsibility to create and maintain means to ensure treatment and control of water pollution including coming from runoff.
Article 36 – Noise and Vibration Pollution Keeping the limits of noise and vibration from domestic, commercial, industrial, construction and transport sources.
Article 39 – Solid Waste Management Setting out responsibility and mechanisms to govern collection and handling of solid waste, creation of means to ensure the use of solid waste as a source of renewable energy
Article 41 – Waste Water Calling on the state to create means and mechanisms for proper treatment of waste water with the ultimate goal of preserving the quality of fresh and surface water; informing on the responsibility of waste water producer to ensure its treatment.
Article 42 – Hazardous Waste Specifically prohibiting the importation of hazardous water, calling on the formulation of special legislation for handling of hazardous waste.
4. Urban Solid DL No. The law on Urban Solid Waste Management System introduces the Waste 2/2017, 22 management of municipal solid waste for the purpose of promoting and Management March 2017 ensuring cleanliness of municipal towns that will positively impact the System well-being of its citizens while enabling an integrated, sustainable and
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socially inclusive management system. Decree Law No.2/2017 sets out nine principles for the management of urban solid waste, as follows: 1. Protection of public health and the environment; 2. Promotion of universality and equality of access; 3. Quality and continuity of service and protection of the interests of users; 4. Economic and financial sustainability of services; 5. User-payer principle; 6. Citizen responsibility, adopting preventive behavior in relation to production of waste, as well as practices facilitating the reuse, recycling or other forms of valuation; 7. Transparency in the provision of services; 8. Efficiency assurance and continuous improvement in utilization of affected resources, responding to the technical requirements and best environmental techniques available; 9. Promoting economic and social solidarity, the correct planning of the territory and regional development.
PITSA facility is a large scale fuel storage facility located in urban areas producing regular solid waste from its day to day operation as well as hazardous waste especially from sludge produced while cleaning the storage tanks. While DL 2/2017 contains a general definition of hazardous waste, it does not have specific provisions related to hazardous waste. It is understood that hazardous waste management will be regulated through different law and regulations. Nevertheless, all above principles of solid waste management applies to both regular and hazardous waste management of PITSA where protection of public health and the environment is the number one consideration.
Article 16 – User Duties Establishing user responsibilities in regards to management of solid waste produced. Article 22 & 23 – Disposing Responsibilities and Rules Establishing responsibilities and rules for disposing of solid waste. Article 33 – Collection of Construction and Demolition Waste Establishing responsibilities for collection of construction and demolition waste, that can be made by request to the entity responsible for the urban solid waste management system Article 53 – Lack of Hygiene and Cleanliness of Public Space Instituting responsibilities for keeping the public space clean from solid waste. Failure to do so is punishable by fine 5. Protected Area Decree Law This decree law provides general guideline on the protected area in in Timor - Leste 5/2016 - Timor –Leste. The most relevant article from the decree law, specifically Protected to the project would be annex 1, the list of protected area in Timor – Area , March Leste, where the project owner should identify and conclude that the 8, 2016 project location is not within any protected area, as stipulated in the decree law 5/2016. 6. Protection of Draft Law on This law is still in draft since 2012. However, there are several article Biodiversity and Biodiversity that are relevant to the project: ecological (March 1. Article 6 (h), the responsibility of the relevant ministry to ensure resources 2012) that the biodiversity issue is incorporate in the EIA 2. Article 18 (section 4) - related to biodiversity data clearance, urge private sector to provide any biodiversity data to the government if identified in their project activity
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3. Article 22 – Management of protected area, at the section 4 – urge stated to ensure any activity within the protected area do not jeopardize the integrity of biodiversity in the protected area
7. Audit Court – Penal Code- Article 215: (1). Defined emission from private property to any Tribunal de Section II: receiving environment should not be greater than the natural assimilation Recursu Crime capacity. If it is above the natural ability, then according this article, the Against the institution can be sentenced 3 – years in prison or fined. Environment, such as Article 216 water, air, Related to the pollution discharge and punishment that the company may marine, and get if violate any rule and regulation. The project owner, must provide soil all the record to anytime, they can proof on the compliance to the pollution: environment. Article 215 – 218 Article 217 The pollution that cause the damaged of flora and fauna can be punished with 3 years jail or fined.
Article 218 Pollution from the project, that cause the loss or damaged of the endangered species will be punished or fine. Relevance of the project activities to these above mentioned articles would be related to the pollution emission to the marine waterbody, soil/groundwater and air emission that will cause the irreversible damaged of environment and affect people. The project owner is subject to fined or jailed if the pollution threshold will be grater than the maximum allowable that can be received by the specific environment (waterbody, marine water, soil, or air). 8. Management Law Article 95 – The zones of Fisheries that will be further regulated by and Regulation No.6/2004 diploma ministerial. The northern coast is generally indicated as fishery of Fisheries and on Legal area. Aquaculture Basis for Management and Regulation of Fisheries and Aquaculture 9. Downstream ANPM Decree law of downstream petroleum sector activity in Timor – Leste petroleum Decree Law territory: downstream petroleum activities include storing, transportation, sectors activity No. 1/2012 distribution, and trading of downstream petroleum products. All the articles in this decree law should be relevant to the PITSA projects in Timor –Leste, which mainly involves in the downstream petroleum business, starting from transporting, storing, and distributing of the fuels.
Specific articles that have direct correlation to the PITSA’s business in Timor – Leste.
Article 7 : ANP has power to issue the license to PITSA in operating the downstream petroleum facilities such as fuel storage and fuel filling station
Article 8: This article specifically defined the type of activities that required the license, where all the activities belongs to PITSA needs license from
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APN(now ANPM)
Article 09 : Minimum requirement of license Article 10 : Procedure of license Article 11 : Duration of license Article 12: Transfer of license Article 13: Form and minimum content of license Article 14: Fee involves
Other articles may also be relevant and the project owner has already comply this decree law in doing the business in Timor – Leste ANPM This regulation is related to the procedure, standard design and Regulation construction, installation, as well as operation of fuel filling station in the no.3/2014, of territory of Timor – Leste. 24, October 2014, first All articles are relevant to the PITSA’s business in design and amendment construction, as well as operation of the fuel filling station, particularly in of ANP Bebora, where all the design and construction have already complied regulation with this regulation, as ANPM already approved the design document. No. 1/2013 Further detail content of each article can be found in the document Installation attached. and operation of fuel filling station
ANPM This regulation is related to the procedure, standard design and Regulation construction, installation, as well as operation of fuel storage facility in No. 1/2016, the territory of Timor – Leste. March 2, All the articles are relevant to the PITSA’s business in design and 2016, on construction, as well as operation of the fuel storage and fuel filling Installation station in Timor – Leste. Further detail content of each article can be and found in the document attached. Operation of Fuel Storage Facilities
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1.3 Impacts and Management Plan
1.3.1 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation
The environmental impacts that may arise during the operation of the fuel storage and supporting facilities are mainly related to leak of the fuel air emission, wastewater, hazardous material, and waste management, which are related directly to the physical and chemical properties of fuel, leaks, fuel transfer, etc. The following table summarized the impacts, sources, and proposed mitigation measured.
Table 1.3. Summary of Environmental Impacts, Sources, and Mitigation Measures Environmental Receiving Impact Source of Impacts Environment Mitigation Measures Leak oil from the Atmospheric tanks Air Emission Evaporation during Atmospheric due to Volatile the transfer Organic Controlling the temperature and pressure Atmospheric Compound Release from the Design the system properly (VOCs) storage tank Follow the proper SOP Spill from the tank Atmospheric Monitoring air quality periodically truck Marine water body Proper treatment of effluent in the oil – and potentially catcher system leaching into the Follow proper SOP to minimize the leaks groundwater Proper design and construction of system with high quality of material to minimize the risk during the operation Proper maintenance system Oil/fuel spill Marine water Soil and Treatment with the oil –catcher system Groundwater Proper disposal of B3 liquid waste to the Tank Bottom water government designated location in Tibar Wastewater Marine water Storm water Marine water Proper treatment and separation Groundwater and Proper landfilling system after Hazardous Soil solidification Material and oil Sludge and fuel spill Reuse as compost Groundwater Proper treatment and separation Marine water Proper landfilling system after solidification Waste Sludge Reuse as compost Management Marine water Proper collection and disposal in the final Domestic solid waste disposal in Tibar dumpsite
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In addition to environmental impacts, several negative and positive socio-economic impacts are potentially generated from the project. These impacts are and mitigation measures are listed in the following table.
Table 1.4 Summary of Social and Economic Impacts, Sources and Mitigation Measures Impacts Source of Impacts Receptor Mitigation Measures Social Impacts Health Impacts VOC released into Workers in the Minimalization of fuel spill, leak of the atmosphere facility; surrounding fuel or vapor leak into the community environment. Suitable working condition Use of PPE Traffic Impacts Additional traffics Local traffic affecting Traffic of tanker trucks to and from coming into the Dili commuters the facility directed to hours outside facility to purchase the peak time. fuel; Additional Vehicles (PITSA’s own vehicle or its contractor traffics contractor’s vehicle) coming in and during the out should be in good condition, decommissioning generally means it have passed proper safety inspection evidenced by the vehicle inspection certificate released by the authority. General condition of the vehicle should not leaking and producing dark smoke. Installation of signage to help direct traffic in the event of emergency Installation of signage during decommissioning Tax Tax payment to the State Government Proper tax filing and compliance Contribution Government of within regulatory framework. (Positive Timor Leste Impacts) Job Provision Creation of skilled Local community Local-based hiring to improve (Positive and unskilled jobs in participation of Timorese citizen in Impacts) the facility during the project. regular operation and Training for local workforce to start decommissioning assuming higher responsibility within phases. the facility. Corporate Setting aside of Local/National Routine and targeted contribution Social revenue of PITSA for Community that will help to enhance social Responsibility CSR contribution to wellbeing of local communities. Contribution local community (Positive Impacts)
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Economic Impacts Economic loss Fuel spill and Local environment Proper HSSE procedures due to associated fire could are damaged leading implemented during operation environmental lead to loss of lives, to impacts to Proper handling of emergency impacts seawater pollution, livelihood of situation groundwater fishermen, recreation contamination resources along Pante Kelapa Loss of assets Fuel spill and fire Mostly affecting Proper HSSE procedures due to large PITSA, however, Evacuation as necessary during scale accidents could affect the assets emergency situation (oil spill and/or of surrounding Proper handling of emergency fire) community situation
1.3.2 Occupational Health and Safety Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Occupational health and safety (OHS) is also one of the important aspects that need to be established within the project framework to minimize or eliminate the impacts related to the workers and eventually to the environment. The following table summarize the concern, target of the impacts and necessary action to be taken from minimize the concern.
Table 1.5 Summary of OHS related to Fuel Storage and Distribution
Type of Hazard Main Concern Mitigation Measures Chemical Hazard Air quality Maintaining levels of contaminant dusts, vapors and gases in the work environment at concentrations below those recommended by threshold limit value—concentrations to which most workers can be exposed repeatedly (8 hours/day, 40 hrs/week, week-after week), without sustaining adverse health effects. Developing and implementing work practices to minimize release of contaminants into the work environment including: Direct piping of liquid and gaseous materials Minimized handling of dry powdered materials; Enclosed operations Local exhaust ventilation at emission / release points Vacuum transfer of dry material rather than mechanical or pneumatic conveyance Indoor secure storage, and sealed containers rather than loose storage Where ambient air contains several materials that have similar effects on the same body organs (additive effects), taking into account combined exposures using calculations recommended by best standard practice Fire and explosion Storing flammables away from ignition sources and
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oxidizing materials. Further, flammables storage area should be: Remote from entry and exit points into buildings Away from facility ventilation intakes or vents Have natural or passive floor and ceiling level ventilation and explosion venting Use spark-proof fixtures Be equipped with fire extinguishing devices and self- closing doors, and constructed of materials made to withstand flame impingement for a moderate period of time Providing bonding and grounding of, and between, containers and additional mechanical floor level ventilation if materials are being, or could be, dispensed in the storage area Where the flammable material is mainly comprised of dust, providing electrical grounding, spark detection, and, if needed, quenching systems Defining and labeling fire hazards areas to warn of special rules (e.g. prohibition in use of smoking materials, cellular phones, or other potential spark generating equipment) Providing specific worker training in handling of flammable materials, and in fire prevention or suppression Corrosive, reactive, Corrosive, oxidizing and reactive chemicals should be and oxidation segregated from flammable materials and from other chemical chemicals of incompatible class (acids vs. bases, oxidizers vs. reducers, water sensitive vs. water based, etc.), stored in ventilated areas and in containers with appropriate secondary containment to minimize intermixing during spills Workers who are required to handle corrosive, oxidizing, or reactive chemicals should be provided with specialized training and provided with, and wear, appropriate PPE (gloves, apron, splash suits, face shield or goggles, etc). Where corrosive, oxidizing, or reactive chemicals are used, handled, or stored, qualified first-aid should be ensured at all times. Appropriately equipped first-aid stations should be easily accessible throughout the place of work, and eye-wash stations and/or emergency showers should be provided close to all workstations where the recommended first-aid response is immediate flushing with water Asbestos containing Asbestos containing materials should be left untouched and material undisturbed. Asbestos is at risk to health when it is disturbed in ways that produces dust that contains asbestos fiber. Asbestos containing material should be removed only by licensed professional Asbestos waste should be properly handled and disposed off. Fire and Explosion Design of System All the component storage tanks and supporting facilities to be designed and constructed based on API standard for fire prevention including the distance between the tanks, between tanks and adjacent facility/building, equipped with cooling water system (storage)
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Implementation of Proper application of standard operating procedure in loading and Safety Procedure in unloading fuel, including fail safe control valve and emergency the operational shutdown equipment Prevention of Proper grounding to avoid static electricity buildup and potential ignition lightning hazards (including formal procedures for the use and source maintenance of grounding connections) Use of intrinsically safe electrical installations and non-sparking tools Implementation of permit systems and formal procedures for conducting any hot work during maintenance activities,38 including proper tank cleaning and venting Preparation of fire Fire response Planning document response plan Training of using fire suppression and fire equipment Coordination with other local authority Facility of fire Fire suppression with international standard hazard management Mobile and portable equipment Fire extinguisher Other specializing equipment Confined Space Storage Tanks Engineering measures should be implemented to eliminate, to (inside) the degree feasible, the existence and adverse character of the Storage Tank yard mentioned confined spaces. Secondary Permit-required confined spaces should be provided with Containment Area permanent safety measures for venting, monitoring, and rescue operations, to the extent possible. The area adjoining an access Backup Power to a confined space should provide ample room for emergency Generator and rescue operations Access hatches should accommodate 90% of the worker/population with adjustments for tools and protective clothing. The most current ISO and EN standards should be consulted/for design specifications Prior to entry into a permit-required confined space: Process or feed lines into the space should be disconnected or drained, and blanked and locked-out. Mechanical equipment in the space should be/disconnected, de-energized, locked-out, and braced, as/appropriate. The atmosphere within the confined space should be tested to assure the oxygen content is between 19.5 percent and 23 percent, and that the presence of any flammable gas or vapor does not exceed 25 percent of its respective Lower Explosive Limit (LEL). If the atmospheric conditions are not met, the confined space should be ventilated until the target safe atmosphere is achieved, or entry is only to be undertaken with appropriate and additional PPE. Safety precautions should include Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA), life lines, and safety watch workers stationed outside the confined space, with rescue and first aid equipment readily available. Before workers are required to enter a permit-required confined space, adequate and appropriate training in confined space hazard control, atmospheric testing, use of the necessary PPE, as well as the serviceability and integrity of the PPE should be verified. Further, adequate and appropriate rescue and / or recovery plans and equipment should be in place before the worker enters the confined space 18 | P a g e
1.4 Decommissioning Plans
The project is going to be relocating to the new project site, which currently under the discussion with Government of Timor Leste and once the near site and facility will be constructed; this existing facility will be decommissioned. Therefore, the decommissioning plan has been prepared by the project owner, to remove all the component of the existing fuel storage facility and transferred the existing land parcel to the government of Timor Leste. The following table shows the summary of impacts and mitigation measures that should be implemented during the project decommissioning execution.
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Table 1.6 Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures for Decommissioning Process
Activity Potential Receptor Environmental Management Plans Impacts Oil spill Soil, groundwater, - Implement risk assessment, identify possible source of spill Storage Tank marine water - Prepare spill kits Decommissioning - Properly implement isolation - Monitor process of emptying oil from the storage tanks Sludge Soil, groundwater, - All above measures are related to oil spill are applicable to sludge spill spill marine water - Implement sludge dilution (Hazardous - Proper choice of pumping technology & Toxic - Monitor process of emptying of sludge from the storage tanks Waste) - Proper handling of sludge residue – implement hazardous and toxic waste handling procedures Fire Workers, assets - Risk assessment to identify possible source of fire and explosion - Use of certain type of material and pump technology during sludge pumping to avoid creating condition that might lead to fire - Implement stabilization - Proper choice of cutting technology to avoid fire - Checking of flammable gas prior to cutting - Fire protection apparatus ready at all times OHS from Workers - Implement risk assessment working in - Ensure all workers have certification to work in confined spaced confined - Use of PPE special for working in high altitude spaces and high altitude
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OHS from Workers - Implement risk assessment hazardous - Ensure all workers have certification to work in confined spaced gases - Use of PPE for hazardous gas protection Piping System Oil spill Soil, groundwater, - Prepare spill kits Decommissioning during marine water - Implement inerting/purging properly dismantling - Monitor for spill Fire Workers, assets - Use cold method for pipe dismantling. - If hot method is being used, gas detector should be employed and fire protection apparatus and HSSE officer should always be present during the cutting Solid waste Soil, ground - Piling in localized area (pipe - Implement reduce, reuse and recycle before proper disposal to Tibar Landfill residue) Jetty Oil spill Marine water - Demolition done by certified demolition crew. Decommissioning - Implement risk assessment as part of planning for the work - Use of booms and other proper equipment to contain spill into the marine environment. - Proper stages of demolition (starting from berth area along the catwalk toward the beach Solid waste Marine water - Use of protected covering under the jetty at all times to catch materials (debris falling into the sea material) - Jetty has to be isolated with warning signs installed around it - Solid Harbour Boom should be installed around the structure to prevent any debris from spreading widely into the surrounding areas. - Proper handling of solid waste – classification, permit for disposal.
Hazardous Soil, marine water - Crew for demolition should also be certified in proper identification and and Toxic handling of hazardous and toxic waste including asbestos, coated material and Waste phenols. - Hazardous and toxic waste should be separately handled from the rest of the
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solid waste
OHS – Workers - Use of certified demolition crew worker - Use of PPE falling into - Rescue boat ready all the time during work. the sea Building Solid waste Soil, marine water - Classify all residue from building decommissioning into Hazardous and Toxic Decommissioning Waste and Non-Hazardous and Toxic Waste - Non- Hazardous and Toxic Waste should be assessed for suitability Reuse and Recycle - Implement protocol for proper handling of Hazardous and Toxic Waste OHS Workers - Proper staging of the work, starting from uninstalling the electricity and water from inside the building - Electrical detachment contractor has to be certified in carrying the work - Flammable material assessment - Use of proper protective covering
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1.5 Measurement of Environmental Parameters
The project owner has fully committed to the environmental compliance, health and safety as an integral part of the operational of the fuel receiving, storing, and distribution in Timor Leste. As has identified in the original EMP document in 1998 that major environmental impacts, as described earlier will affect the quality of receiving environment. Therefore, the monitoring should be conducted to verify that the presence of the project did not cause any environmental impairment. As part of the recommendation given by the government through the DNCPIA and ANPM, PITSA should provide testing of the following environmental parameters to show that during the operation of the facility, the impacts to the environment have been successfully mitigated.
The following map shows the measurement location made
Figure1.2 Measurement and Data Collection Location
- Groundwater quality - Ambient marine water quality - Water quality at the beach as the starting point entry of pollution - Ambient air quality
The measurement of the environmental parameters is summarized in the following table.
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Table 1.6 Marine Water Quality Parameters at Marine (Landing jetty or S2)
Station #2 Near at Jetty No Parameter Unit Standard* result Physical 1 Turbidity NTU >3 1.65 2 Smell - - - 3 Suspended Solid mg/L 80 4 4 Solid Waste - 0 0 5 Temperature 0C Natural 30.2 6 Oil Layer - 0 0 Chemical 1 pH - 6.5 – 8.5 7.65 0 2 Salinity /00 Natural 33.5 3 Total Amonia mg/L NH -N 0.3 3 <0.001
4 Sulfida mg/L H2S 0.03 <0.01 5 Total Hydrocarbon mg/L 1 <1 6 Total Fenol mg/L 0.002 0.034 Not 7 PCB (polychlor biphenyl) mg/L 0.01 Measure 8 Surfactan (deterjen) mg/L LAS 1 0.283 9 Oil and Fat mg/L 5 1.8 10 TBT (tri butyl tin) mg/L 0.01 <0.001 Soluble Heavy Metal 1 Mercury mg/L Hg 0.003 0.0009 2 Copper mg/L Cu 0.05 0.065 3 Zinc mg/L Zn 0.1 0.012 4 Cadmium mg/L Cd 0.01 <0.001 5 Lead mg/L Pb 0.05 <0.01 Bacteriology 1 Total Coliform MPN/100 mL 1000 120
The above measured data by the jetty suggested that operation of the jetty by means of transferring the fuel from tanker to the fuel storage system neither has nor contribute negatively to the existing marine environment. There is however, the elevated parameters such as Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), and Phenol, when comparing the measures data versus the threshold allowable standard by very small margin. The evidence is not enough to proof if the elevated in these parameters has coming from the fuel storage operation, measurement in other places such as in Liquica, Hera, and Tibar show similar pattern. Therefore, it is suspected that the elevated value could have contributed from natural inflow of mineral such as from upland catchment system during the high storm runoff.
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Table 1.7 Marine Water Quality Parameters at Marine (point of entry or S1)
Station #1 Near at Drainage Outlet No Parameter Unit Standard* result Physical 1 Turbidity NTU >3 2.77 2 Smell - - - 3 Suspended Solid mg/L 80 8 4 Solid Waste - 0 0 0 5 Temperature C Natural 29.8 6 Oil Layer - 0 0 Chemical 1 pH - 6.5 – 8.5 7.54 0 2 Salinity /00 Natural 31.2
3 Total Amonia mg/L NH3-N 0.3 <0.001
4 Sulfida mg/L H2S 0.03 <0.01 5 Total Hydrocarbon mg/L 1 <1 6 Total Fenol mg/L 0.002 0.032 PCB (polychlor 7 mg/L 0.01 Not biphenyl) Measure 8 Surfactan (deterjen) mg/L LAS 1 0.287 9 Oil and Fat mg/L 5 1.4 10 TBT (tri butyl tin) mg/L 0.01 <0.001 Soluble Heavy Metal 1 Mercury mg/L Hg 0.003 0.0009 2 Copper mg/L Cu 0.05 0.048 3 Zinc mg/L Zn 0.1 0.016 4 Cadmium mg/L Cd 0.01 <0.001 5 Lead mg/L Pb 0.05 <0.01 Bacteriology 1 Total Coliform MPN/100 mL 1000 90
Table 1.8 Ambient Air qualities Parameter Measurement Observation Confidence No. Parameter Method unit Result duration interval 1 Weather Cerah 2 Dominated wind direction From Timur laut 3 Average wind speed m/s 0.8 – 1.6 4 Humidity % 63 - 85 5 Temperature oC 25 - 33 3 6 Oxide Nitrogen (NO2) SNI 19 - 7119.2 - 2005 g/Nm 1 8 ± 0.277 3 7 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) SNI 19 - 7119.7 - 2005 g/Nm 1 5 ± 16.662
8 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) MU – LKU/TL.ITB - 3 ppm - 348 ± 40 3 9 PM10 (Particle < 10m) MU – LKU/TL.ITB - 1 g/Nm 24 49 ± 0.023 ) 3 10 PM2,5 (Particle < 2,5m) MU – LKU/TL.ITB - 1 g/Nm 24 21 ± 0.053
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The air quality measurement as compare to the standard emission by IFC or WHO, are below the threshold values, which proof that vapor loss or emission from the facility does not contribute negatively to the air quality. Except the CO2 value is high, which could be from the burning of carbon based material, which is a common thing in Dili and surrounding area.
Table 1.9 Groundwater Quality (monitoring well or production well) Station # Groundwater well - Pantai Kelapa No Parameter Unit Standard* result Physical 1 Turbidity NTU >3 4.18 2 Smell - - - 3 Suspended Solid mg/L 80 6 4 Solid Waste - 0 0 0 5 Temperature C Natural 30.1 6 Oil Layer - 0 0 Chemical 1 pH - 6.5 – 8.5 7.59 0 2 Salinity /00 Natural 0
3 Total Amonia mg/L NH3-N 0.3 <0.001
4 Sulfida mg/L H2S 0.03 0.025 5 Total Hydrocarbon mg/L 1 <1 6 Total Fenol mg/L 0.002 0.254 PCB (polychlor 7 mg/L 0.01 Not biphenyl) Measure 8 Surfactan (deterjen) mg/L LAS 1 <0.005 9 Oil and Fat mg/L 5 2 10 TBT (tri butyl tin) mg/L 0.01 <0.001 Soluble Heavy Metal 1 Mercury mg/L Hg 0.003 0.0009 2 Copper mg/L Cu 0.05 0.102 3 Zinc mg/L Zn 0.1 0.054 4 Cadmium mg/L Cd 0.01 <0.001 5 Lead mg/L Pb 0.05 <0.01 Bacteriology 1 Total Coliform MPN/100 mL 1000 720
The result suggested that no major concern of the pollutant related to operational of fuel receiving (at landing jetty), at point of entry, groundwater, pollutant level at oil catcher is within the threshold requirement. Moreover, the ambient air quality indicators are within the range of the allowable.
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1.6 Monitoring and Performance Indicators
The monitoring program should focus on major issues that can cause major impacts related to processing activity especially effluent, VOC emission, and wastewater discharge. Moreover, occupational health and safety standards should always be enforced by adhering to the best available standards in the industry with a target to achieve zero rate accident and fatality.
1.6.1 Emission Guidelines
In the absence of a national standard, wastewater effluent standard for various parameters have been proposed to use the International Finance Corporation (IFC) standards as seen from the following table. These standards should be used as guidelines to determine the level of wastewater treatment prior to discharging into the marine environment. Measurement and monitoring program for effluent wastewater quality parameters should be conducted in the field and report should be produced by project owner and performance should be evaluated against the following values.
Table 1.10 Wastewater Effluent Standards (IFC, 2007)
The Ambient air quality standard guideline for Timor Leste has not being established and in the many application refereed to the international best practice.
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Table 1.11 WHO Ambient Air Quality Standard Guidelines
1.6.2 OHS Guidelines and Standard
The implementation of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) measures should be monitored and evaluated based on international standards. The standards may refer to the US, European best practice standards or applicable ISO standards (ISO 18001).
Table 1.12 Reference Standard of the OSH Implementation
Implementation Guidelines Proposed OHS - EMP Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the United States (OSHA) Indicative Occupational Exposure Limit Values published by European Union member states, ISO 18001 PITSA OHS Policy IFC performance standard
Projects should try to reduce the number of accidents among project workers (whether directly employed or subcontracted) to a rate of zero, especially accidents that could result in lost work time, different levels of disability, or even fatalities. The working environment should be monitored for occupational hazards relevant to the specific project. Monitoring should be designed and implemented by accredited professionals, as part of an occupational health and safety monitoring program. Facilities should also maintain a record of occupational accidents, diseases, and dangerous occurrences and accidents. Further detail on the action plan has been
28 | P a g e presented in the general OHS. The following table shows the safety parameters and indicators that have been implemented within PITSA’s facility (PITSA Sustainability Report, 2013).
Table 1.13 Proposed Safety Parameters Indicator
1.7 Positive and Negative Social and Economic Impacts
The presence of the project has created a lot of positive impacts and negative impacts to the existing environment, health, and safety. The positive impacts should be enhance and leveraged, while at the same time, the negative impacts should be minimized. With the implementation of the project (operation) and decommissioning phases, there several key positive and negative impacts, which can be summarized in the following table.
Table 1.14. Summary of Positive and Negative Impacts of the project
Positive Negative Operation Phase 1. Supply the stable fuel in Timor Leste and 1. Some potential environmental risk stabilize the price in supporting Timor (air quality, groundwater Leste economy contamination, wastewater, 2. Create employment to youth of Timorese hazardous waste, etc.) that already 3. Provision of tax payment to the presented in this document, the government of Timor Leste negative impacts could all be 4. Social corporate responsibility that project mitigated with the technical, as well owner is doing to the community as non-technical approaches 5. Good and viable business scale in Timor 2. If disaster occurs such as fire and Leste explosion, potential loss could be 6. Potential technical skills transfer from the high
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project owner to the local Timor – Leste, through the continuous training and involvement in the project implementation Decommissioning Phase - Disturbance of fuel price due to new project location is far away from the city - Loss of income from the project 1. Negative impacts disappear owner 2. 3 HA land will be able at the prime location - Loss job for Timorese, which create for government to utilize such as in some social issue developing the Dili airport - Government loss the revenue from the income/service tax that the company will pay if the project close
Considering more positive impacts during the project operation and more negative impacts will be created if the project closed, then it is recommended to continue the project or any consideration to decommission the project should be assessed in detail in order to minimized the impacts and maximized the positive impacts.
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2. PROJECT PROPONENT
The existing fuel storage tanks and associated facilities have been operated and maintained by the Pertamina International Timor, SA (PITSA), operated in Timor Leste (Republic Democratic of Timor Leste) started at November 1st 2015, with the contact details as provided below.
PITSA would also like to strongly note its commitment for the implementation of the EMP including requirement to do testing of water quality around the jetty and fuel storage facility every six months and monthly reporting of the volume of oil being unloaded at the jetty.
Mr. Deni Febrianto
Rua Praira Dos Coqueiros (Pantai Kelapa), Comoro, Dili, Timor Leste Email :[email protected] Telephone: +670 3321760
This updated EMP will cover only the Dili Fuel Storage and supporting facilities, located in Pantai Kelapa with associated facilities. More detail on legal document related to the project owner, such as business license, tax identification number and other formal document, as required by the legal framework in Timor Leste can be found in the Appendix section.
2.1 Overview of PITSA Company
PITSA is continuing PT. Pertamina (Persero) business in Timor Leste previously ran by Pertamina Marketing Representative Timor Leste (MRTL). The Establishment of PITSA is to comply with Timor-Leste’s downstream regulation – Decree law No 1/2012 particularly Article 9 that stipulated that all downstream petroleum companies in Timor Leste should have at least 5% local ownership. Currently, PITSA owns and operates fuel receiving, storage and distribution facilities as follows:
Dili Fuel Terminal: The fuel terminal was built in 1979 and in operation since 1984. It is capable to store up to 5,200,000 Liters of fuel (2.600 KL Gasoline and 2.600 KL Diesel Fuel). The total capacity is spread into six (6) vertical storage tanks, four of which has a safe capacity of 1,200,000 Liters and the other two having safe capacity of 200,000 Liters each. Oil Jetty : Max Capacity of 6.000 DWT
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Filling Stations: For distribution purposes, there are three (3) filling stations which can fill up to 400,000 Liters of fuel to filling shed each day located within Dili Fuel Terminal. Bunkering Facility Nicolau Lobato Airport Fuel Terminal: Storage tank capacity of 220 KL Avtur and 3 Re-fueler
2.2 Company Vision and Values
As the grandchild company of PT. Pertamina (Persero), PITSA share the same world class vision and value as PT. Pertamina (Persero). Different from PT. Pertamina, though, PITSA only involves in the supply and distribution of fuel oil in Timor Leste.
Despite limited business, which only involves supplying and distributing the fuel in Timor Leste, PITSA is committed to follow all the standard operating procedure in doing its business, as like the parent company in Indonesia. The following figure shows the complete figure of organization arrangement to the plans that is in line with the mission and vision in Timor Leste.
Figure 2.1 The Organization Structure of PITSA
2.3 Commitment to Sustainability, Environment, Health and Safety
As part of the leading company [PT. Pertamina (Persero)] in oil and gas industry (in both upstream and downstream), PITSA has high commitment to the sustainability of operation that comply with the environmental, health, and safety, in order to achieve the goal of national company to achieve the goal to become the global leader in energy sector.
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As describe in its operational procedures that PITSA, is focusing in the following area in order to support the sustainable operation in receiving and distribution of fuel in Timor Leste.
Local empowerment and participation in the program Detect early warning system Applies clear standard operating procedure for all the employees Applies the personal protective equipment whenever within in the project facility, except in the office Classification and procedure of emergency plan and recovery system Growing and engaging the community into various social corporate responsibility (SCR)
The implementation of all the above focus of attention in operationof thefacility has made it possible by complying with proper international standard of best practice. The following are the best standard practice that has driven the operational of the PITSA facility around the world.
ISO 14000 Environment Management Systems (EMS) ISO 50001: Best practice of energy conservation ISO 18001: Occupational Health and Safety (OSH)
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3. DETAILS OF THE EIA CONSULTANTS
This updated Environmental Management Plan (EMP) have been prepared by PEC Consulting, Lda., a Timorese-own planning and engineering consulting company headquartered in Dili. PEC Consulting is headed by Sr. Krispin Fernandes, PhD., who has qualifications in Chemical Engineering, Hydrology and Environmental Planning and Engineering. PEC Consulting has experience in Timor Leste in the area of environmental and planning for developmental projects including - irrigation infrastructure, water infrastructure, drainage infrastructure, and environmental impact assessment for environmental licensing according to Timor Leste regulatory framework. Staffs involved in the environmental assessment and preparation of the EIS are listed in the following table.
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Table 3.1 Summary of Consultant Staff who prepared the updated EMP document No Staff Expertise CONSULTANT STAFF 1 Sr. Krispin Fernandes, PhD Krispin has more than 15-years of experience in environmental engineering, process engineering, and wastewater treatment and disposal into the deep ocean through a marine outfall. Sr. Krispin has undergraduate degree in Chemical Engineering, hence is qualified to understand the manufacturing processes involved in beer production, petrochemical, and other chemical process engineering (CPI) 2 Sr. Mario Marques Cabral, S.Si, Mario has more than 15-years of professional experience in marine biology and fishery M.Sc assessment including assessment of socio-economic characteristics of coastal community. He is a marine ecological specialist for PEC Consulting and has involved in most of the projects under PEC management. 3 Sr. Juvencio dos Santos Trained Economist and social impacts assessment specialist. He has two year of experience in data collection and analysis of social and economic profile. 4 Sra. Rosalyn Fernandes, S.T. Rosalyn has substantial professional experience in delivering small to large scale environmental MURP impacts assessment documents, including for fuel storage development, University Campus development, Sanitation Improvement Schemes, etc. She has recently finalized a task as senior environmental specialist who writes the environmental assessment reports for ADB loan funded road project. 6 Sr. Venancio Rego Fernandes, Trained in Industrial Engineering, Venancio has experience working as plant engineer in major S.T. manufacturing establishment in Indonesia, environmental officer and recently as a project engineer for stream flow and meteorology study in Timor Leste 7 Sr. Crisanto dos Santos Graduated with a diploma in computer engineering, Crisanto serves as a logistic officer in the project. OTHER SPECIALIST 8 Dr. Mont Kania Dewi, S.T., M.T. Head of Air Quality Laboratory,Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB). Mrs. Kania, is responsible in providing observation data on air quality baseline.
The detailed descriptions of PEC profile, including various projects that have completed in the past can are presented as followed.
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3.1 PEC – Consulting Summary
Since its establishment four years ago, PEC has involved in various development projects and has successfully delivered 15 projects (small – medium size of the projects). The company has a vision to support sustainable infrastructure development in Timor Leste through proper planning and engineering design that also adhere to the social and environmental safeguarding principals.
The areas of specialties of PEC consulting include:
(1). Hydrologic and Hydraulic Analysis for various infrastructure development (2). Environmental Impacts Assessment (EIA) and Licensing for various infrastructure projects (3). Survey - Topographic and Bathymetric data collection (4). River flow estimation and Catchment Analysis (5). Hydro-Meteorological Data Collection
Our client of the consultancy works includes private sectors and international agencies such as JICA, World Bank, and Asian Development Bank (ADB).
3.2 Resume of Specialist Involved in this Project
3.2.1 Krispin Fernandes, PhD
Krispin has more than 15-years of experience in environmental engineering, process engineering, and wastewater treatment and disposal into the deep ocean through a marine outfall. Sr. Krispin has undergraduate degree in Chemical Engineering, hence is qualified to understand the manufacturing processes involved in beer production
A. Experiences: 1. 2012- Present, Principle Environmental Engineer, at PEC – Consulting, that has completed all the environmental impacts Assessment (EIA) from Beverage processing plant, fuel storage development, quarry, and cement industry, and irrigation infrastructure development. 2. April 2013 – July 2013, Consultant for Aurecon, Pty., Ltd. On Water and Wastewater Treatment Design in F-FDTL Training Center, Metinaro, Timor Leste 3. November 2012 – July 2013, Consultant for Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) on Irrigation Rehabilitation and Improvement Project, Laleia, Manatuto, with primary duty on the hydrological survey and environmental baseline data collection 4. October 2011 –July 2012, Consultant for SKM Consulting, Australia, working on the Dili urban drainage and sanitation master plan, including training of GIS and Hydrological Modeling for GoTL staff 5. February 2011 – October 2011, consultant for Melbourne Water Corporation , working on the Dili Hydrological Modeling and data collection for master plan development of Sanitation and Drainage system of Dili.
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6. June- December 2010, Water Resource Research University of Hawaii at Manoa, Post- Doctoral Research Scholar working on the project of : Survey and modeling analysis of Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) at highway storm runoff network on Oahu, Hawaii, USA.
7. July 2006 – August 2010, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Research Assistant at Water Resource Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa,
8. Summer 2002 and Summer 2003, Climate and Information System Project Intern, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of GlobaI Program (OGP), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
9. November 1999 – January 2000 , Staff at Oxfam International Australia in Timor Leste, working on the Water supply and sanitation improvement project in Dili, Liquica, and Bobonaro
B. University Education
No University Main Course of Study Place
1. University of Hawaii at Civil and Environmental Honolulu, Hawaii, Manoa Engineering (Completed Doctor of USA Philosophy) 2. University of Hawaii at Civil and Environmental Honolulu, Hawaii, Manoa Engineering (Completed Master USA Degree) 3. Gadjah Mada University Chemical Engineering (Completed Jogjakarta, Indonesia Bachelor Degree)
C. Computer Skill 1. ArcGIS 9.3.1 : Mapping, data conversion, spatial analyst, 3D analyst, and other general GIS operation 2. ArcView 3.x: Mapping, spatial analyst 3. EPA-BASINS/MapWindow: GIS-based modeling, database management 4. HEC-HMS: Catchment hydrological modeling 5. HEC-RAS: River Hydraulic modeling 6. GEO-HEC-RAS: Flood plain modeling 7. EPA-SWMM: Hydraulic modeling for urban drainage system 8. EPANET: Drinking water distribution modeling 9. MS. Office: Excel, words, power point, front page
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D. Publications 1. Fernandes K, Liu C.C.K.,Moravcik, P. 2010. GIS-Based Linear Systems Modeling of Watershed Sediment Transport Process. ( presented at 2010 AWRA Annual Conference in Philadelphia, USA) 2. Liu C.C.K, Fernandes K. 2009. Linear Systems Modeling of Watershed Hydrology and Sediment Transport. The 3rd IWA-ASPIRE Conference, International Water Association (IWA), October 188211;22, 2009, Taipei, Taiwan 3. Fernandes K, Liu C.C.K. 2005. Flood Hydrograph Analysis for Manoa Watershed, Oahu, Hawaii. Proceedings of AWRA 2005 Summer Specialty Conference. Honolulu, Hawaii, American Water Resources Association, Published in CD-ROM 4. Liu C.C.K., Fernandes K. 2006. Natural-Energy-Driven Brackish Water desalination: Field testing and mathematical modeling. Technical Report, water resources research center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
3.2.2 Rosalyn Fernandes, S.T., MURP
Rosalyn has substantial professional experience in delivering small to large scale environmental impacts assessment documents, including for fuel storage development, University Campus development, Sanitation Improvement Schemes, etc. She has recently finalized a task as senior environmental specialist who writes the environmental assessment reports for ADB loan funded road project.
A. Experience 1. January 2014 – Present, PEC – Consulting, Environmental Specialist, Working on Simplified Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS) and full scale EIS under contract from PEC Consulting. Responsibility including desk review of relevant document, field investigation, document write ups, presentation and coordination of other specialist. 2. October 2012– October 2013Consultant for Timor Leste Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory, Contracted service at UNDP Timor Leste for the national GHG Inventory and Mitigation Options Analysis. Duties include conducting research, analysis, workshop and training for stakeholders from different agencies. Stakeholders include ALGIS, SOL, DNMA, DNAAI, Forestry, Fisheries, DNSSB, EDTL, and others. 3. June – July 2012, Environmental Specialist, Part of the team that put together the Environmental Impact Assessment document for development of UNTL Hera facility on 365 ha land. Responsible for baseline write up on socio-economic condition and waste management. Responsibilities include report writing, analysis, map making, community consultation, client liaison. Contracted service by Oasis, Sustainable Projects. 4. January – May 2012, Community Engagement Specialist,Contracted by SKM International, coordinated and implemented Sanitation Willingness to Pay Survey (600 samples), coordinated and implemented Flooding Damage Survey (50 samples),
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and coordinated and implemented community consultation (qualitative survey) covering topics: environmental cleanliness, sanitation, hygiene, solid waste, flooding, and kangkung management. 5. February – June 2012, Consultant for State Secretary for the Environment, Consultant for Timor Leste State Secretary for the Environment (SEMA) working on compilation and analysis of SEMA’s activities between 2007 – 2012 to articulate achievements and recommend ways to improve weaknesses. Purpose of project was preparation of three documents – SEMA activities 2011, SEMA activities 2007-2012 for the government, SEMA activities 2007 – 2012 for the general public. The documents concluded on SEMA achievements as well as opportunities for future improvements towards environmental sustainability in Timor Leste. Works included interviewing with SEMA employees, desk review of documents, and report writing. 6. July - December 201, National Environmental and Safeguard Specialist, Contracted by ADB Timor Leste, working as the national environmental and safeguard specialist for the district capital water supply specialist. The project includes three components – rehabilitation of the Debo Lehumo Lake weirs, rehabilitation of the water supply system in Pante Makassar, Oecusse and rehabilitation of the water supply system in Manatuto. Engaged by Aurecon, Inc., the main contractor for the PPTA. 7. 2008 -2010, Environmental Specialist/Planner, Staff planner at Townscape, Inc. in Hawaii, USA, for Preparation of Koolau Poko Watershed Management Plan, 8. 2008-2010, GIS Specialist for Ala Wai Drainage Project,The Ala Wai Drainage Project was an urban drainage upgrade with two main thrusts: flood control and improvements to the natural conditions of Honolulu urban streams. 9. Graduate Assistant for Community Consultation for the Transit Oriented Development Project, 2006-2008
B. University Education
No University Main Course of Study Place 1. University of Hawaii Urban and Regional Planning Honolulu, Hawaii (Completed Master Degree) 2. University of Gadjah Mada Chemical Engineering (Completed Jogjakarta, undergraduate level) Indonesia
C. International Seminar Participant at the East West Center International Graduate Student Conference, 2007. Participant at the UH Manoa International Graduate Student Conference, 2008 Participant at the Xian Urban Planning Practicum at Xian, China, 2006. The Practicum involved a collaboration between students from NorthWestern University in Xian, China; students from the National Taiwan University in Taiwan and students from the Urban Planning Department, University of Hawaii. All students travel to Hawaii, Taipei and Xian for research, discussion and presentation.
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D. Certificate of Competencies: Basic and advance security in the field of the United Nations system
E. Organization: American Planning Association (APA), Hawaii Chapter
3.2.3 Mario Marques Cabral, S.Si, M.Sc
Mario has more than 15-years of professional experience in marine biology and fishery assessment including assessment of socio-economic characteristics of coastal community. He is a marine ecological specialist for PEC Consulting and has involved in most of the projects under PEC management.
A. Experiences 1. Agriculture Specialist/Consultant,November – December 2012: Contract service with JICA Study Team for the Project for Rehabilitation and Improvement of Buluto Irrigation Scheme (Laleia and Vemase) in Baucau and Manatuto Districts. Agriculture survey, interview to government and farmers, interpretation, reporting. 2. Marine Biology Specialist/Consultant, July – August 2012: Contracted service at Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Directorate General of Marine, Coastal and Small Islands (Indonesia). Review and Profiling the Potential of Ecological and Social Economical for Marine Protected Area in Gunungkidul and Bantul Districts of Yogyakarta Province. 3. Natural Resources Management Specialist/Consultant, October – December 2011: Contracted service at Forestry Ministry, Directorate General of Watershed Management Building and Social Forestry, Watershed Management Center of Benain Noelmina, Strengthening Community-Based Forest and Watershed Management (SCBFWM) Project Region of East Nusa Tenggara. Cooperation among Ministry of Forestry (Indonesia), UNDP and GEF. 4. Extra ordinary lecturer, September 2011 – August 2012: Employed as extra odinary lecturer at Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science of Artha Wacana Christian University Kupang (East Nusa Tenggara Province-Indonesia). 5. Coastal and marine resources management specialist, August - December 2011: Act as volunteer service at fish hatchery unit of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Services of East Nusa Tenggara Province (Indonesia). 6. Manager Program, August 2011– until now: Founder and member of Talitawan (a local NGO with core development mission in agriculture, forestry, marine affairs and fisheries), coverage areas of East Nusa Tenggara Province (Indonesia). 7. Natural resources management specialist, volunteer, July - December 2011 8. Natural resources management specialist, volunteer, February –July 2011
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9. National Project Manager, January – December 2010, Personnel service agreement at Regional Fisheries Livelihoods Programme (RFLP) for South and South East Asia (GCP/RAS/237SPA), FAO Indonesia. Project location: Kupang Municipality, Kupang District, Alor District and Rote Ndao District of East Nusa Tenggara Province. Cooperation between FAO and AECID. 10. Coastal and marine resources management specialist, April - October 2009: Contracted service at PT.Nusa Karimun Divers, Semarang-Central Java Province (Indonesia). 11. Coastal and marine resources management specialist, March-April 2008: Acted as Freelance Consultant service at CV. Rekayasa Jati Mandiri, Semarang-Central Java Province to provide technical assistance for coastal habitat degradation study in Pulau Panjang (Jepara District) as conservation and ecotourism basis development. 12. Natural resources management specialist, May- July 2007: Contracted service at PT. Puri Aji Buana, Semarang-Central Java Province to provide a technical assistance for Detail Engineering Design (DED) of picnic park Kalianyar river basin-Solo project.. 13. Fisheries Consultant, volunteer, January- March 2007 Volunteer service at National Directorate for Fisheries and Aquaculture Timor Leste to provide a technical assistance for National Consultant under the project of Strengthening the Capacity in Fisheries Information Gathering for Management. The main assignment was to design a pilot project cycle for Community Based-Marine Sanctuary (CB-MS) in the coastal areas of Batugade and AtauroAnd as Resource Person to advise the Director of the Fisheries Directorate and staff and provide assistance to develop an enhance the capability and achieve respective objectives. 14. Resource Person/Fisheries Consultant/Fisheries Information Management Specialist, April 2005 – December 2006, Contracted service at Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, National Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture Timor Leste cooperate with FAO (GCP/RAS/199/SWE)“Strengthening the Capacity in Fisheries Information Gathering for Management Project.” Project location: 11 coastal districts of Timor Leste. 15. Part time lecturer, March 2005 – November 2006: Contracted service at University of National Timor Lorosa’e, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Dili-Timor Leste. 16. Fisheries expert staff, September – December 2004: Contracted service at (PT. Swakon, Semarang-Central Java Province) cooperate with Coastal Community Development and Fisheries Resource Management Project. Posted at Tegal Municipality, Central Java Province (Indonesia). 17. Research and development staff, July up to August 2003: Contracted service at (LPPSP, Semarang-Central Java Province) a Local NGO of Research, Improvement and Development Resources Institute cooperate with Central Java Development Planning Agency including Strategic Planning of Central Java Province.
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B. University
No University Attended Main Course of Study Place from/to 1. University of Gadjah Mada 2000 – 2003 Environmental Yogyakarta Science (Indonesia) 2. University of Diponegoro 1992 – 1999 (Post graduated – S2) Marine Science Semarang (Indonesia) (Bachelor graduated – S1)
C. International Seminar Experiences: Participant on APFIC the third Regional Consultative Forum Meeting on balancing the needs of people and ecosystems in fisheries and aquaculture in the Asia Pacific, in Jeju – Republic of Korea, 1 – 4 September 2010; Speaker on international workshop at field study of fisheries which sponsored by Regional Asia and the Pacific of FAO with title Second Regional Transfer Workshop on Gathering Information for Fisheries Management in Halong Bay – Viet Nam, 24 – 27 October 2006; Participant on the Third Biannual International Conference and Exhibition on Energy 2002 “Energy for Sustainable Development.” Yogyakarta – Indonesia, 29 – 31 July 2002; Participant on Indonesian in Transition. Yogyakarta, 22 – 23 November 2001; Participant on International Seminar and Exhibition on Information Technology for Sustainable Management of Natural Resources. Bogor – Indonesia, 2 October 2001; and Participant on Linggarjati Environmental Meeting “Towards Decentralized Environmental Management” Kuningan, West Java – Indonesia, 9 – 13 November 2000.
D. Trainer Experiences: Coastal community-based and fisheries resources management; Performance, Improvement and Planning (PIP); Logical Framework Approach (LFA); Participatory Approach-Ranking, Scoring and Map/Diagram Design; Social Impact Assessment (SIA); Socio-economic monitoring; Learning to lead: An approach of managerial and leadership test score; Fishery extension planning: Bottom-up development planning;
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Basic fishery statistics of data collection and analysis; Participatory problems ranking and SWOT analysis; and Problem solving and decision making.
E. Certificate of Competencies: Basic of procurement of FAO; Basic and advance security in the field of UNDSS; and Environmental management specialist.
F. Publication: The study of unconfined groundwater quality distribution based on the types of non- irrigated rice field and fish pond land uses in Karimunjawa Island. Journal of People and Environment. Vol. 12, No. 2, July 2005. Center for Environmental Studies of Gadjah Mada University.
G. Organization: Founder of local NGO “Talitawan” (Community Care for Agriculture, Forestry, Marine Affairs and Fisheries) located at Kupang-East Nusa Tenggara Province; Association of sustainable forestry for people of Indonesia, East Nusa Tenggara Province; Indonesian Fishers Union of Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara Province; Founder of Sumawis Entreprise, an event organizer for environmental education, located at Semarang-Central Java Province; Member of student regiment, Diponegoro Universitity, Semarang-Central Java Province.
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3.2.4 Venancio Fernandes, S.T.
Trained in Industrial Engineering, Venancio has experience working as plant engineer in major manufacturing establishment in Indonesia, environmental officer and recently as a project engineer for stream flow and meteorology study in Timor Leste
A. Experience 1. Project Engineer, Timor Leste, February 2014 – Present, Contracted by PEC Consulting to provide services as follows: Planning, design and installation of automatic meteorological data collection equipment Through PEC Consulting, contracted by Seeds of Life (SOL) to repair and maintain SOL’s automatic meteorological data collection equipment already in the field Manage a team of 4 personnel for field installation, equipment checking and data collection monitoring Coordinate for recruitment of field assistants at each thirteen locations of weather station installation. Recruitment was conducted through consultation and close collaboration with chefi de suco and/or chefi de aldeia. Responsible for payment of services to district field assistants.
2. Agricultural Census Coordinator, Indonesia, March 2011 –December 2011
Contracted service at P.T. Tanjung Buyu Perkasa Timur in East Kalimantan, Indonesia to coordinate for palm tree census at Tanjung Buyu’s plantation. Responsible for: Coordination of field assistance Random sampling of palm fruit trees about to be harvested. Sampling was conducted for each block of the palm fruit trees.
3. Foreman, Indonesia, January 2010 – December 2012
Contracted service at P.T. Tanjung Buyu Perkasa Timur. Responsible for checking employees’ presence and work quality.
4. Administrative Staff at Ticketing Agency in Timor Leste, 2009
Staff at a local ticketing agency (LGX Tour and Travel) in Timor Leste. Responsible for keeping of reservation document and delivering deposit money to the bank.
5. Distribution Staff at P.T. Diamond Ice Cream, Jogjakarta, 2006 – 2007
Staff at P.T. Diamond Ice Cream in Jogjakarta, Indonesia. P.T. Diamond Ice Cream is a supplier of ice cream to McDonalds Indonesia as well as a large processed food producer in the country with products ranging from frozen meat to frozen vegetables. Previously recruited as intern in the company branch in Jogjakarta and later on recruited as permanent staff. Responsible for delivering frozen food to hotels and restaurants including to McDonald’s in Jogjakarta.
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6. Assistant Trainer at Computer Laboratory at Akprind College in Jogajakarta, 2006 Professionally paid as lab assistant at the Computer Laboratory at Akprind College in Jogjakarta, Indonesia. Responsible for preparation of computers, student organization and filling in for the lecturer when he is absent.
B. Education
No University Main Course of Study Place
1. Institute of Science and Industrial Engineering (Completed Jogjakarta, Indonesia Technology Akprind Bachelor Degree) 2. Escola Vocational de Dom Majoring in Mechanical Baucau, Timor Leste Bosco Fatumaka, Baucau Engineering 3. SMP Negri 1, Lospalos Lospalos, Timor Leste
4. SD Negri 19, Cacavei Lospalos, Timor Leste
C. Trainings
No Training Course of Subject Organized by Year/Month Place 1. Water Treatment for Institute of Science and 2004 Jogjakarta, Industrial Application Technology Akprind and Indonesia Training P.T. Ipal 2. Environmental Impact Institute of Science and 2005 Jogjakarta, Assessment Training Technology Akprind Indonesia
3. Verification and Data Institute of Science and 2005 Jogjakarta, Analysis for Statistical Technology Akprind Indonesia Purposes
4. Sugar Production Processing Institute of Science and 2005 Jogjakarta, and Fabrication Technology Akprind in Indonesia collaboration with P.T. Madu Baru
D. Computer and Other Skills Corel Draw for Engineering Application SPSS QSB Microsoft Office 2003 and 2007
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3.2.5 Crisanto dos Santos
Graduated with a diploma in computer engineering, Crisanto serves as a logistic officer in the project.
A. Experience 1. Logistic Support,February 2013 – December 2013
For the JICA funded Buluto Irrigation System data collection. Contracted through PEC Consulting. Responsible for river flow data collection, equipment purchase and assisting of the Japanese team members.
2. Logistic Support for Dili Drainage System Survey, January – April 2012
Field assistant to the Australian and Timor Leste team. Equipment purchase at stores in Dili for use in project.
3. Enumerator for Sanitation Willingness to Pay Survey, May 2012
Survey to several neighborhoods around Dili to ask about their existing sanitation system in their house and how much fee money they are willing to pay for new sanitation system. Followed training to survey people and businesses, do survey by questionnaire to people and enter data to Excel.
4. Intern at Ministry of Economic Development, January – June 2011
Internship part of school Instituto Professional de Canossa. Enter data to computer, type letter, checking absent, photo copy, etc.
5. Assistant Trainer at Computer Laboratory, 2009
B. University Education
No University Main Course of Study Place
C. Trainings
No Training Course of Subject Organized by Year/Month Place 1. Microsoft Windows Instituto Professional de 2010 Dili, Timor Operation System 98 SE, Canossa (IPdC) Leste 2000 Professional, XP
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3.2.6 Juvencio dos Santos
Trained economist and social impacts assessment specialist. Juvencio has two year of experience in data collection and analysis of social and economic profile
A. Experience
2013 – Present, PEC – Consulting, LDA, as project assistant and economist of the EIA
B. Education
B.A degree from the National University of Timor Leste (UNTL), 2013
C. Training
Attend the business development training with the Government of Timor Leste
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4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
4.1 Project Identification and Categorization
The project is an existing one which was constructed in 1981, started operation since 1984 and continues after separation of Timor Leste from Indonesia. Based on project document submitted and approved by DNPCEI, the project is categorized as category “A” type project that potentially has adverse impact to the environment. However, given the condition that the project is an existing one and has a proper EMP document, the government through the DNPCIA and ANPM requested the project owner to develop the updated EMP document that supported by the field measurement of the key environmental parameters that are related to the pollution from the facility.
4.2 Project Location and Boundary
The existing fuel storage and various supporting facilities are located along the coastline in Pantai Kelapa, Dili, Timor Leste. Administratively, the project is located within Aldeia Metin II , Suco Comoro, Postu Administrasaun of Dom Aleixo, Municipio of Dili. The following figures show the location of the development in reference to the national road connecting Dili and Manatuto. GPS coordinates of the project location are 125°42'7.50"E/ 8°32'19.75"S (longitude/latitude).
Figure 4.1 Location of Existing Fuel Storage in Pantai Kelapa, Dili and Supporting Facilities
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Activities during the study including site visit for terrestrial environment, field measurement of several important environmental parameters, as well as reviewing the latestsocio-economic study/data and compiling of the information into a report. The duration of the study take about 3 months period (including the preparation of PD and updated EMP).
Study area includes all areas within and surrounding project location that are potentially affected by pollution or other alterations from the development. Potentially affected areas are soil, surface and ground water, marine ecosystem, safety of the nearby communities and their properties and the socio-economic characteristics of Suco Comoro. The following figure contains illustration of the potentially affected area due to project location.
Figure 4.2 Potentially Affected Terrestrial Area and Marine Environment
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4.3 Areas Potentially Affected by Development
Areas potentially affected by the proposed development consist of:
Marine/coastal water Sensitive environmental receptors nearby includes coral beds immediate by the project site, marine water quality and other marine flora and fauna such as bottom fauna, fish, phytoplankton and zooplankton. Groundwater aquifer Local communities in Aldeia Metin II Traffic congestion National government properties (road, Power Plant, Port, etc.) Existing and future expansion of infrastructure
4.4 Main Project Component
The main facilities consist of the following, which are interconnected and support each other in executing the activity of the fuel supply, storage, and distribution in Timor Leste. 1. Jetty 2. Storage farm 3. Filling shed/filling station 4. Supporting office and facility
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Figure 4.3 Component of PITSA Facility in Pantai Kelapa, Dili, Timor Leste
All the above components of the project have undergone rehabilitation and maintenance in the past 30 years in order to assure successful operation of the facility. Currently, PITSA is planning to decommission existing fuel storage farm, jetty and supporting facilities. A new site is currently in the process of negotiation with the Government of Timor Leste. While preparation for the new site is on-going, PITSA will continue the operation of existing facility in Pantai Kelapa, until the new storage is ready for transferring of operation. In terms of environmental compliance, project owner has proper Environmental Management Plan (EMP) document prepared in 1998 regarding the operation of the facility.
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Figure 4.4 Conceptual Layout of the Project Component
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4.4.1 Jetty
The jetty was constructed in 1981 with a total length of 300 meter from the beach to the berth. The berth itself has a total length of 15 meters and 5 meter width. The berth is at the bathymetry of 12 meter, which is enough depth for the jetty not to submerge during the high tide or gets dry during the low tide that cause a problem of boat to lean unto the jetty during the receiving the fuel. The jetty was constructed with the maximum capacity of 6000 DWT and supported by mooring post and mooring buoy to help boat securely lean during the receiving the fuel. The jetty is also installed with the fuel pipeline, grounding cable, hose connection and manifold to facilitate the transfer of fuel from the boat tanker to the fuel storage.
Figure 4.5 Jetty with 300 meter Length off the Coast
The current condition indicated that the supporting piles of jetty are highly corroded, which may require some rehabilitation work.
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Figure 4.6 Existing Condition of Jetty and Process of receiving fuel
4.4.2 Storage Yard
Total six storage tanks were constructed as the main facility to store the fuel and distributes to the consumers in Dili. The layout of the storage tanks, as indicated in the above figure, shows that there are four tanks that have larger dimension and two tanks that have smaller dimension.
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Figure 4.7 . Storage Yard
As shown in the above figure, that there are six storage tanks, with the dimension presented in the following table.
Table 4.1: Dimension of Storage Tanks
Tank Safety Capacity, ID Type of Fuel D x Height Type of Tank Dead Stock KL 1 14.7 x 7.41 m Welding 78 1184 2 14.64 x 7.37 m Welding 86 1197 3 14.63 x 7.42 m Welding 80 1183 4 14.64 x 7.36 m Welding 90 1188 5 7.47 x 6.16 m Welding 21 256 6 7.47 x 6.16 m Welding 20 257
Each storage tank is equipped with the following devices, to support the operational of the storage to store the fuel.
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Shall Manhole and roof manhole Inlet and outlet valve Breather Valve Dip Hatch Slot Dipping Device Dip Plate Water sprinkler/Sprayer Grounding cable Staircase Handrail
In addition to the above devices, each storage tank is also equipped with a piping system that connects the tank to the tank truck station.
4.4.3 Distribution System
Distribution system of fuel that stored in the six fuel storage system will be conducted via pipeline from the storage to the tank truck station, in which the oil tanker from the buyer shall receive the fuel. The conceptual process of fuel distribution system can be seen from the following figure.
Figure 4.8. Process of Distribution Line from Storage to the Buyer Oil Tanker Truck
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Figure 4.9. System Distribution Line
The process of transfer fuel from storage to the refueler and to the oil tanker shall be controlled automatically with flow meter to detect the volume rate of fuel and the quality measurement devices such as temperature, specific oil gravity, and other indicator to ensure the quality of fuel delivery.
4.4.4 Supporting Facilities
Supporting facility within PITSA fuel storage system consist of office building, residential, utilities such as water, power, and fire protection system that are necessary for the facility to operate efficiently in receiving and distributing the fuel in the facility. Each of the supporting facility is described as follows:
Office Building and Resident
One office building and several residential building are existed in the storage facility. The office is main place, where the planning and operational related action plan would be made, including other facilities such as storage for aviation fuel and fuel network station in Bebora. Three units of residential buildings have existed as part of the original business mode, where these buildings were made for high level staff of PITSA from Indonesia.
Other Facilities
Pump, backup power (generator), power from national grid.
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Figure 4.10 Supporting System
Water System
Water supply system is coming from the government water distribution system. However, PITSA also operates the production well that supplies water to fulfill the demand of water within the facility. The water used in the facility consistsof domestic use such as consumption, sanitation system, irrigation, and major portion is reserved for fire hydrant system, within the facility.
Fire Protection
Fire protection is very important, as the fuel is prone to be caught by fire, whenever the ignition, fuel, and oxygen meet. Therefore, to avoid the potential incident of fire, these three factors should be prevented to meet at the same time. However, in case, fire did occur, the fire protection system should be ready to be operated. PITSA has recently purchased the new fire protection pump, that has a capacity of 1000 GPM (Gallon Per Minute) that can be used in pumping the water to kill the fire in case of fire emergency.
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Figure 4.11. Fire Protection Pump used in the Facility
The above fire pump is also equipped with fire equipment such as hose, fire hydrant, fire extinguisher with various sizes, that will be used to kill the fire in case of fire accident.
Figure 4.12 Fire Equipment System in PITSA Facility
Buffer Zone and Parking Area
Buffer zone is green area that reserved between the unit operations so that the interruption in one unit will not affect negatively to the other. For instance, fire hazard in the storage yard shall not cause fire hazard in other unit such as tank truck or office space. The parking and empty field is vacant and some trees were planted to provide extra buffer protection.
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4.5 Process Operation
The process operation consists of receiving fuel from fuel tanker, fills the storage tank, and distributes to the dealer or consumer within the operation facility or via back loading system.
Figure 4.13 Components and Interlinks of the Existing Fuel Storage and Distribution System
The above processes only apply to petroleum products of gasoline and diesel fuel. Other products including LPG, Lube oil and asphalt are delivered to Timor Leste via container cargo. Lube oil and LPG are currently not stored within the facility, instead the supplier directly takeover the marketing system in Timor Leste. Asphalt, on the other hand is supplied/imported to Timor Leste based on demand such as for Suai Airport construction done by P.T. Waskita Karya and normally no accumulation storage is currently needed.
More detail description of each activity is given as follows:
4.5.1 Receiving the fuel from the boat Tanker
The fuel (both gasoline and diesel fuels) that originated from Singapore, is deployed to Timor Leste via boat tanker, at once a month (flexible schedule that may change based on demand) at capacity of 4000 KL. The frequency of fuel delivery from Singapore to Timor Leste will be depending on the demand in Timor Leste. If the demand is high, any time PITSA can deploy more boat tanker to delivery fuel to Timor Leste. The process of receiving fuel from boat tanker by the Jetty to the fuel storage can be summarized as followed:
The boat tanker once landed at the jetty and the hose that has a connection to the pipeline to the storage tank is connected to the boat tanker. Check the overall connection of the system from boat tanker to the storage system to ensure the readiness Pump the fuel from tanker to storage system Check the quality and quantity of fuel delivery
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The monitoring of the quality and quantity of fuel delivery must be conducted in order to detect early if anything goes wrong or thing is not correct so that the revision can be made.
4.5.2 Storing the Fuels
The fuels are stored in total six storage tanks, which have a total capacity of 5300 KL. After the fuel has delivered from boat tanker to the storage facility via jetty or automatic transfer line system, several important handling should be done in order to ensure the quality, quantity, and the safety of fuel within the storage facility prior to the distributing system.
Quality Inspection and quantity Received
Quality inspection and quantity received are done after 1 hour the completion of the fuel transfer from tanker via jetty, in where fuel already settled. The measurement involve temperature, height of fuel in the tank, density, an water content, color of fuel within each fuel storage tank.
Quality Control of Fuel
The frequency of quality control is conducted on a daily, weekly, monthly, and annual basis, depending on the type of system checking to ensure the quality. The following table presents the frequency of control system to the fuel storage system.
Table 4.2 Quality Control of fuel and Frequency Monitoring
No Frequency of Control Controlled system 1 Anytime Recover of relieved valve Each day in the morning, the control of the fuel should be conducted prior to the fuel distribution system to ensure the availability of 2 Daily fuel and sample measurement Periodically inspection of breather valve in the storage tank each week, to ensure the system operate properly or repair any issue related to 3 Weekly the valves Every 5 years, inspect the tank to ensure that quality of fuel within the tank and clean all the 4 5 - Yearly dirt and sludge within the tank
4.5.3 Distributing system
Distribution of fuel in PITSA’ facility to the end-user or dealer in Timor Leste is done via three mechanism or outlets:
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Customer usually purchase the fuel with already agreed price from PITSA marketing department and based on the invoice or proof of purchase, the consumer would usually bring their own tanker to be filled within the filling shed. The volume of fuel delivered shall be measured automatically and further verified within the measurement of fuel delivered in the tank of the consumer (measure the height of the fuel in the tank).
Figure 4.14 Mechanism of Fuel Distribution via tank truck
Back load distribution system. Back loading system of fuel delivery is only done, if the consumer has boat tanker to deliver the fuel from Dili to other place such as in Suai, Lospalos, or Baucau. Back loading operation is conducted by using the pipeline of fuel loading system.
Figure 4.15. Mechanism of Fuel Distribution Back loading system or Bunkering to the Ship
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Distribution system from PITSA’s own fuel tanker to the fuel station in Bebora, Dili, Timor Leste
PITSA is in the process of construction of fuel filling station in Bebora, Dili, to deliver the fuel directly to the end-user and this is one mechanism of fuel delivering system from the fuel storage system.
Figure 4.16. Mechanism of Fuel Distribution through the PITSA’s fuel Network in Bebora
The fuel tanker will take the fuel from PITSA’s facility in Pantai Kelapa and load into the fuel filling station in Bebora prior to the filling the fuel to the costumer’s vehicular.
4.5.4 Maintenance of the Facility
Maintenance of the main facility of storage system and supporting facilities is very important to ensure that the system continuous supplying fuel in Timor Leste without interruption. Maintenance work would involve any preventive, corrective, and repairmen works to the main facility (storage tank and yard, jetty, piping system, etc.).
In general regular maintenance should be conducted to ensure the proper operation of the entire system. The schedule of the maintenance should be determined based on the inspection and follow with the evaluation in order to decide the level issue which required also the level of maintenance requirement.
Storage Tanks
Fuel storage should be regularly monitored and inspect to detect earlier issue if any to take necessary measure to the issue detected. The monitoring and inspection of the storage tank may include check and monitor the inside fuel tanks for the water and sludge build up, check the
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Tanks and supporting Cleaning Tanks Maintenance of Tank yards
The cleaning of the tank is part of the regular maintenance that should be done in once in every 5 years, to clean the sludge and water inside the fuel storage tanks. The cleaning of the tank would also be conducted by monitoring the sludge in the tank, if the already reach the certain level such as 005% or 0.01% of the tank volume, for the diesel fuel and gasoline fuel respectively. The cutting the grass in the tank yard is also important maintenance work to keep the confined space from the potential fire.
Jetty
Maintenance of jetty involve manual inspection of valve, catwalk, piles, landing Jetty, and dolphin to know as early as possible any physical concern to the structure of jetty that will affect the operation of the jetty. If detect that there any issue, then immediate action would be required to repair and put it back to the normal operation.
Piping System
Piping system is one of the important part of the fuel storage and distribution facility, including the connection between the boat tanker to the storage system. The maintenance work should be done for the following items to ensure that there is no leaking and loss of fuel from the system to the ambient environment.
Fitting and connection Valve Stranger Connection
Regular manual inspection and monitoring of the flow rate are important part to provide the data to decide is there any maintenance requirement.
Motor and Pump
Maintenance of the motor and pump are also important to avoid the leaking and support the proper operation of the fuel delivery.
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4.6 Other Development Related to the Operation of Project
The following map shows that, there are other development in the proposed project location that affects the project during the construction and operation of the project.
Figure 4.17 Other Project Developments in the Area
The existing project in the area that identified is: - Urban road and transportation system - Power system - Restaurant and commercial - Embassy and office buildings - Marine navigation - Airport and port The proposed project development and listed projects will contribute some effect that need to be managed in an integrated manner from each project owner with close coordination.
4.7 Justification and Need of Project
This existing project is an investment from state company of Indonesia [PT. Pertamina (Persero)] that has proper legal status that ensures the operational of the facility and business in Timor Leste. The need of the project is from sides, the company side and the government of Timor Leste, in supporting the economy.
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From the company side, it is an opportunity for the profit generation in Timor Leste through the execution of the project. While from the government and people of Timor Leste side, the presence of the project will ensure the reliable fuel supply that is essential to support the economic development. Furthermore, the company also contributes to the job creation in Timor Leste, which is needed to employee young people, as well as direct contribution to the tax payment, which contribute to the national non-oil income.
4.8 Proponent Endorsement of the updated EMP
There have been discussions with the proponent regarding the contents of the updated EMP document and hereby, the proponent endorses the updated EMP.
PITSA would also like to strongly note its commitment for the implementation of the EMP including requirement to do testing of water quality around the jetty and fuel storage facility every six months and monthly reporting of the volume of oil being unloaded at the jetty.
Pertamina International Timor, SA (PITSA),
Mr. Deni Febrianto
Rua Praira Dos Coqueiros (Pantai Kelapa), Comoro, Dili, Timor Leste Email :[email protected] Telephone: +670 3321760
4.9 Structure of the updated EMP
The structure of the updated EMP document, as presented in the table of content, follows standard guidelines released by DNCPIA, as provided in the Expert 101 package according to decree Law 5/2011:
1. Executive Summary 2. Detail of Project Proponent 3. Detail of Consultant that prepared EMP 4. Description of the Project Component 5. Legal Framework of TL Environmental Protection 6. Contractual and corporate obligation 7. Summary of Impacts 66 | P a g e
8. Summary of Proposed Mitigation Measured 9. Governing Parameters 10. Monitoring Program 11. Report requirement 12. Responsibility of Mitigation and Monitoring 13. Emergency Plan 14. Decommissioning plan 15. Capacity Development and Training 16. Public Consultation and Information closured 17. Complaints and grievances mechanisms 18. Work plan and implementation schedule 19. Cost estimates 20. Review of EMP 21. Non-technical Summary
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5. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
The project belongs to a state company of Indonesia, which are operating in Timor Leste. Therefore, the operation of this project is subject to various legal arrangements, such as Indonesian regulation, ISO, International standard regulations and best practice and above all the Timor Leste legal framework on business-related side as well as environmental, health and safety safeguarding. While legal framework of international standard and Indonesian are only optional when local regulation is not available. The following review of relevant policy and legal framework in Timor Leste is presented.
5.1 Relevant Policy and Legislation
The Constitution of Timor Leste has mandated the protection of environment and preservation of natural resources (article 6 – f) to ensure that the development of the economics of Timor Leste, should not jeopardize the natural environment, in achieving the national goals. Decree law 5/2011- Environmental Licensing provides a technical guideline on how to exercise this constitutional mandate in securing environmental permit to start development activities. According to this decree law, every major development should go through proper environmental impacts assessment (EIA) in order to get the environmental licensing prior to the commencement of the development to ensure that the impacts of the proposed development is identified and mitigation measures are proposed in order to minimize the environmental and social impacts. Knowing the negative impacts and proposed mitigation measures to the impacts of the project in the early project development is very important and is considered as a good initial investment to the project, as it would be more expensive to mitigate the impacts that were not identified prior to the project implementation.
The guidelines for the formulation of required documents to prepare for environmental license have been developed through the Expert101 system that contains checklist and other necessary documents for the preparation of Project Document, Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for category A projects and Simplified EIS for category B projects.
Other relevant environmental laws and their objectives are listed in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1. Relevant Laws and Regulations Agency Relevant Laws Ministry of Development Decree Law No.5/2011 on Environmental Licensing and Institutional Reform (MDRI) – Vice Ministry of Decree Law No. 26/2012 on Environmental Base Law Development for Urban (Draft) Law on Biodiversity (March 2012) Planning, Housing, and
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Environment (DOHA)
Ministry of Agriculture and Decree Law No. 5/2016 on National Protected Area System Fisheries (MAF) National Petroleum and ANPM Regulation No. 1/2016 on Installation and Operation Mineral Authority of Storage Facility. ANPM Regulation No. 1/2012 on Downstream Petroleum Activity. Court of Appeal Penal Code (Codigo Penal) Article 215 to 221 Crime to the Environment Ministry of State Decree Law No. 2/2017 on Approval of Urban Solid Waste Administration (ESTATAL – Management System Portuguese Acronym) International Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (London Dumping Protocol) Indonesian Petroleum industry regulations
Further detail description of the above mentioned laws/decree laws, including the relevant article can be seen from the following table.
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Table 5.2 Summary of Relevant Articles of Relevant Regulation
Name of Legal Document No. And Date Scope of Regulation/ Article relevant to Project The Constitution of Timor Leste has mandated the protection of environmental and preservation of natural resources (article 6 – f) 1. Constitution of the to ensure that the development of the economics of Timor Leste, Democratic Republic should not jeopardizing the natural environment, in achieving the May 20, 2002 national goal The Scope of regulation cover the procedure and need for the environmental licensing process, including the classification of projects, and level detail of the environmental impacts 5/2011, February 9, assessment (EIA) required prior to the issuance of environmental 2. Environmental Licensing 2011 license to the project proponent Article 6 – Rights of National Citizens Establishing entitlement of the citizen’s especially vulnerable groups to participate in environmental protection, accessing of env. information, env. education and to petition in the court when their rights have been infringed from any laws and policy.
Article 12 – Local Communities Recognizing the importance of local community participation in the formulation, implementation and monitoring of env. policy, calling for public consultation for such participation and the creation of necessary structure and channels of communication for local community’s participation.
Article 14 – Environmental Standards Calling for the State to establish and publish env. quality standards for receiving environment. These standards should be applicable to all the country or to specific areas and all sectors.
3. Environmental Basic Article 15 – Environmental Assessment and Licensing Law 26/2012, July 4, 2012 Establishing foundation for the environmental assessment and
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licensing program that should inform on the procedures for technical analysis, principles for decision-making process and public consultation. It also calling out for the establishment of monitoring for implementation of the programs, plans or projects that are subjects to environmental assessment and licensing system through all stages of development (construction, operation and maintenance and decommissioning).
Article 16 – Environmental Monitoring Calling for the creation of a transparent, comprehensive, decentralized and periodic system of environmental monitoring for pollution control, quality of ambient environment and state use of natural resources.
Article 32 – Pollution Control Ensuring that appropriate measures are taken to avoid, minimize and reduce environmental damage, degradation as well as risks to public health and economic development caused by pollution. Specifically calling for the use of best techniques available for pollution prevention and the promotion of measures to facilitate the adoption of alternatives to the use of fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals for agricultural production.
Article 33 – Air Pollution Spelling out the need to reduce greenhouse gas production, reduction of pollution from vehicle and other machinery and banning importation and production of ozone-depleting substances.
Article 35 – Water Pollution Calling out for reduction and control of the release of pollution into surface, sub-surface and marine water bodies. Establishing state responsibility to create and maintain means to ensure
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treatment and control of water pollution including coming from runoff.
Article 36 – Noise and Vibration Pollution Keeping the limits of noise and vibration from domestic, commercial, industrial, construction and transport sources.
Article 39 – Solid Waste Management Setting out responsibility and mechanisms to govern collection and handling of solid waste, creation of means to ensure the use of solid waste as a source of renewable energy
Article 41 – Waste Water Calling on the state to create means and mechanisms for proper treatment of waste water with the ultimate goal of preserving the quality of fresh and surface water; informing on the responsibility of waste water producer to ensure its treatment.
Article 42 – Hazardous Waste Specifically prohibiting the importation of hazardous water, calling on the formulation of special legislation for handling of hazardous waste.
The law on Urban Solid Waste Management System introduces the management of municipal solid waste for the purpose of promoting and ensuring cleanliness of municipal towns that will positively impact the well-being of its citizens while enabling an integrated, sustainable and socially inclusive management system. Decree Law No.2/2017 sets out nine principles for the management of urban solid waste, as follows: 10. Protection of public health and the environment; 4. Urban Solid Waste 11. Promotion of universality and equality of access; Management System 2/2017, 12. Quality and continuity of service and protection of the
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interests of users; 13. Economic and financial sustainability of services; 14. User-payer principle; 15. Citizen responsibility, adopting preventive behavior in relation to production of waste, as well as practices facilitating the reuse, recycling or other forms of valuation; 16. Transparency in the provision of services; 17. Efficiency assurance and continuous improvement in utilization of affected resources, responding to the technical requirements and best environmental techniques available; 18. Promoting economic and social solidarity, the correct planning of the territory and regional development.
PITSA facility is a large scale fuel storage facility located in urban areas producing regular solid waste from its day to day operation as well as hazardous waste especially from sludge produced while cleaning the storage tanks. While DL 2/2017 contains a general definition of hazardous waste1, it does not have specific provisions related to hazardous waste. It is understood that hazardous waste management will be regulated through different law and regulations. Nevertheless, all above principles of solid waste management applies to both regular and hazardous waste management of PITSA where protection of public health and the environment is the number one consideration. Article 16 – User Duties Establishing user responsibilities in regards to management of solid waste produced. Article 22 & 23 – Disposing Responsibilities and Rules
1 Hazardous waste is defined in DL 2/2017 as waste which has at least one of the hazardous characteristics to the health or the environment, which is identified in specific legislation. 73 | P a g e
Establishing responsibilities and rules for disposing of solid waste. Article 33 – Collection of Construction and Demolition Waste Establishing responsibilities for collection of construction and demolition waste, that can be made by request to the entity responsible for the urban solid waste management system Article 53 – Lack of Hygiene and Cleanliness of Public Space Instituting responsibilities for keeping the public space clean from solid waste. Failure to do so is punishable by fine This decree law provides general guideline on the protected area in Timor –Leste. The most relevant article from the decree law, Decree Law 5/2016 - specifically to the project would be annex 1, the list of protected Protected Area , area in Timor – Leste, where the project owner should identify 5. Protected Area in Timor - March 8, 2016 and conclude that the project location is not within any protected Leste area, as stipulated in the decree law 5/2016 This law is still in draft since 2012. However, there are several article that are relevant to the project: 4. Article 6 (h), the responsibility of the relevant ministry to ensure that the biodiversity issue is incorporate in the EIA 5. Article 18 (section 4) - related to biodiversity data clearance, urge private sector to provide any biodiversity data to the government if identified in their project activity 6. Article 22 – Management of protected area, at the section 4 – urge stated to ensure any activity within the protected Draft) Law on area do not jeopardize the integrity of biodiversity in the 6 Protection of Biodiversity and Biodiversity (March protected area ecological resources 2012) Law No. 12/2004 on Crimes Related to Fisheries This law is related to illegal fishing and has no direct relation to 7 Crimes Related to Fisheries the current project activity 8 Audit Court – Tribunal Recursu Penal Code- Section Article 215: (1). Defined emission from private property to any
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II: Crime Against the receiving environment should not be greater than the natural Environment, such as assimilation capacity. If it is above the natural ability, then water, air, marine, and according this article, the institution can be sentenced 3 – years soil pollution: in prison or fined Article 215 – 218 Article 216 Related to the pollution discharge and punishment that the company may get if violate any rule and regulation. The project owner, must provide all the record to anytime, they can proof on the compliance to the environment. Article 217 The pollution that cause the damaged of flora and fauna can be punished with 3 years jail or fined. Article 218 Pollution from the project, that cause the loss or damaged of the endangered species will be punished or fine. Relevance of the project activities to these above mentioned articles would be related to the pollution emission to the marine waterbody, soil/groundwater and air emission that will cause the irreversible damaged of environment and affect people. The project owner is subject to fined or jailed if the pollution threshold will be grater than the maximum allowable that can be received by the specific environment (waterbody, marine water, soil, or air) Law No.6/2004 on Legal Basis for Management and Regulation of Article 95 – The zones of Fisheries that will be regulated by the 9 Management and regulation of Fisheries and diploma ministerial. The northern coast is also indicated at the Fisheries and aquaculture Aquaculture area of fisheries, and then pollution emission becomes an issue. Downstream petroleum sectors Decree law of downstream petroleum sector activity in Timor – activity Leste territory. Activities includes, storing, transportation, ANPM Decree – distribution, and trading of downstream petroleum products. All Law No. 1/2012 the articles in this decree law should be relevant to the PITSA
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projects in Timor –Leste, which mainly involves in the downstream petroleum business, starting from transporting, storing, and distributing of the fuels.
Specific articles that have direct correlation to the PITSA’s business in Timor – Leste.
Article 7 : ANP has power to issue the license to PITSA in operating the downstream petroleum facilities such as fuel storage and fuel filling station Article 8: This article specifically defined the type of activities that required the license, where all the activities belongs to PITSA needs license from APN(now ANPM)
Article 9 : Minimum requirement of license
Article 10 : Procedure of license Article 11 : Duration of license Article 12: Transfer of license Article 13: Form and minimum content of license Article 14: Fee involves
Other articles may also be relevant and the project owner has already comply this decree law in doing the business in Timor – Leste ANPM Regulation This regulation is related to the procedure, standard design and no.3/2014, of 24, construction, installation, as well as operation of fuel filling October 2014, first station in the territory of Timor – Leste. amendment of All the articles are relevant to the PITSA’s business in design and ANP regulation No. construction, as well as operation of the fuel filling station, 1/2013 Installation particularly in Bebora, where all the design and construction and operation of have already complied with this regulation, as ANPM already
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Fuel filling Station approved the design document. Further detail content of each article can be found in the document attached.
This regulation is related to the procedure, standard design and ANPM Regulation construction, installation, as well as operation of fuel storage No. 1/2016, March facility in the territory of Timor – Leste. 2, 2016, on All the articles are relevant to the PITSA’s business in design and Installation and construction, as well as operation of the fuel storage and fuel Operation of Fuel filling station in Timor – Leste. Further detail content of each Storage Facilities article can be found in the document attached.
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5.2 Relevant National and International Environmental Quality Standard
Standards and best practices for environmental quality in Timor Leste are still limited. However, in the absence of local regulation, the government of Timor Leste always refers to the best international practices. The following are standard best practices that Timor Leste has derived from various international best practices are provided in Table 5.2. No standards have been provided for sedimentation as the project will actually reduce sedimentation from the compacting and sealing of the surface.
Table 5.2. Applicable International Standards in Absence of Timor Leste’s Standards Environmental Standard TL National Standard International Standard
Drinking Water Quality Adopted WHO WHOs Standards standards Waste water effluent None WHO/USEPA
Ambient Air Quality None IFC/WHO Standards Heavy Metal Standards None WHO Noise Leq55dB(A) per World Bank UNTAET Regulation Vibration None USEPA Soil None IFC/World Bank Ambient receiving water IFC/WHO quality standard OHS None IFC/ISO -81001
5.3 Guidelines in Measurement and Monitoring Several guidelines are applicable for measurement and monitoring of the environmental and social parameters. These guidelines included those that published by NDPCEI such as the Expert101 Guidelines as well as applicable international guidelines such as the Head of BAPEDAL Diploma No. 113/2000 on General and Technical Guidelines for Environmental Laboratory tests (Indonesian guidelines).
Other measurement and guideline of the monitoring program would refer to best practice that will be adopted internationally in the absence of local standard in Timor Leste. There are varieties of international best practice such as from ISO, IFC, and WHO, which should be adopted and used as guideline in complement to the existing standard and guideline in Timor Leste.
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Moreover, as an international certified company by ISO, PITSA has developed its own internal policy and guidelines of the standard operating procedure in place to guide and success the sustainable operation of the facility.
5.4 Relevant Institutional Aspects
There are several institutional aspects related to the implementation of Decree Law 5/2011 on Environmental Licensing that are relevant to the proposed development. The first one is institutions responsible for general environmental protection (marine, coastal and terrestrial). The second one is institution responsible to regulate and monitor downstream petroleum industry including large scale fuel storage. The third one is institutions responsible for the protection of public health and safety. These institutions are identified in the following table.
Table 5.3 Government Responsibility and Relevant Institutions No Responsibility Relevant Institutes 1 Environment and Nature Ministry of Development and Institutional Reform Protection (Terrestrial) (MDRI) – Vice Ministry of Development for Urban Planning, Housing, and Environment (DOHA)
Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF) 2 Marine and Coastal Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF) Environment 3 Water and Sanitation Ministry of Development and Reform Institution System , Power and energy (MDRI) - Water and Sanitation consumption 4 Public Health and Safety Ministry of Health BOMBEIRUS National Directorate for Civil Protection 5 Worker Health and Safety State Secretary for Professional Training (SEPFOPE – Portuguese Acronym) 6 Oil and Gas industry Ministry of Petroleum - ANPM
5.5 Institutional Constraint and Barriers
To materialize the objectives of Decree Law No.5/2011, the implementation of environmental licensing system also requires monitoring of the implementation of proposed measures as well as monitoring of environmental impacts resulted from the development. Monitoring is the responsibility of project proponent with compliance inspected by the above mentioned institutions.
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It should be noted though that several institutional weaknesses hinder a more effective implementation of the laws:
1. Lack of national standards for a lot of environmental health parameters
2. Lack of regulations related to zonation for the purpose of development of infrastructure, residential, industrial and educational facilities as well as zonation for the purpose of environmental protection
3. Lack of capacity to implement monitoring of the private sectors’ and government’s projects for compliance
4. There is a need to broaden knowledge and strengthen the capacity of local private sectors related to the issue of environmental protection and health and safety of workers.
5. Coordination for integrated planning is needed related to disaster prevention especially for industrial facilities
5.6 Procedure of Environmental License The decree law 5/2011 provide a specific guideline on how to issue environmental license and urge to follow several in order to ensure a duly implemented classification, review and monitoring of the environmental impacts. These steps include screening, scoping, preparation of an EIS/Simplified EIS and monitoring of the implementation of Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) contained in the EIS/SEIS.
The process for issuance of environmental permit according to Decree-Law No 5/2011 is shown in the figure below.
Figure 5.1. Processes for Issuance of Environmental Permit
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The environmental licensing process starts with screening of the project based on project document (PD) and application form submitted by the project proponent. The result from screening is a classification of projects into either Category A, B or C (No EIA required). For Category A projects, screening is followed by scoping, where project coverage is defined. Opinion on the environmental scope of the project is issued by NDPCEI within 15 days of the receipt of the project documentation such as application form, project document, and any feasibility assessment document. For Category B projects, no scoping is required and project proponents can proceed to preparing the SEIS.
EIS for category A or SEIS for category B as well as the application document is then prepared by project proponent and submitted to NDPCEI for review. Upon duly submission of all required documentation, technical review process commenced. As shown in Figure 2.1, Category A projects are required to go through lengthier review process through the formation of an evaluation committee and conduct of public consultation. The evaluation committee usually consists of representatives from several relevant entities.
The evaluation committee has a duty to carry out technical evaluation of the document, review public input and recommend the approval or denial of application for environmental permit. Public consultation has to be conducted starting 10 days after the formation of the evaluation committee. The public is given 24 days to submit comments, recommendations or proposals on the EIS and EMP.
To complete technical evaluation and decide on the recommendation for approval or denial of the project, the Evaluation Committee has 50 days, counted from 5 days after the formation of the Evaluation Committee. During the review period, the Evaluation Committee may request additional information from project proponent, local communities where the project is going to take place or government agencies that have interest on the project. The 50 days allowance to come to decision is suspended until all required information is received. The Environmental License Law also allows 10 days for review of additional information submitted by proponent.
After the technical review, the Evaluation Committee will write a report that contains recommendation for approval or denial of the application. The report is then submitted to the Superior Environmental Authority that will issue final approval. Environmental permit should be released within 15 days from the time the Evaluation Committee report is received. When an application is not approved, the proponent will be notified of the decision.
Decree Law No. 5/2011 makes provision for an Impact Benefit Agreement between project proponent and local communities affected by the development. Negotiation for Impact Benefit Agreement can start at the time the approval for environmental permit is published.
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For Category B projects, after an SEIS which contains and EMP and the application are submitted, the Environmental Authority has 30 days to complete technical evaluation of the application. Similar to the EIS process, the Environmental Authority may ask for additional information from project proponent, affected communities or government agencies with interest on the project. The 30 days period will be suspended until all required information is submitted. The Environmental Authority has 10 days to review additional information and may require a public consultation be conducted on the project.
Once the evaluation is completed, the Environmental Authority then submit to the Superior Environmental Authority the approval or denial recommendation. The Superior Environmental Authority, within 10 days of receipt of the evaluation, shall then issue an order for issuance of environmental permit.
For projects that do not require preparation of an EIS/SEIS (Category C projects), the Environmental Authority would recommend that the projects implement certain measures to protect the environment and maintain an environmental management plan.
The Decree Law No.5/2011 categorizes projects according to the potential impacts to the environment. There are three categories of projects:
1. Category A – to include projects that potentially cause significant environmental impacts. These projects are subject to Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) developed based on Impact Analysis and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) in accordance with the Decree Law No. 5/2011. 2. Category B – to include projects that potentially cause environmental impacts and are subject to the procedure of Simplified Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS) developed based on the EMP in accordance with the Decree Law No. 5/2011. 3. Category C – to include projects where environmental impacts are negligible or nonexistent and not subject to any procedure for Environmental Assessment in accordance with Decree Law No.5/2011.
Annexes I & II of Decree Law No.5/2011 spelled out in more detail the type and scale of projects within mining, oil, energy, general industry, transport, civil, water, sanitation, agriculture, tourism and defense sectors that belong to Category A and B projects. It also makes stipulations that those developments that happen within environmentally, socially and geographically sensitive areas should fall under Category A projects.
With support from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Decree Law No.5/2011 has recently been going through review for the purpose of clarification and ascertain the meaning and intent of relevant provisions that require inclusion, and those provisions that require clarification/amendment, to arrive at a common understanding of all issues that must be addressed in these laws and in the implementing regulations. 82 | P a g e
The following Table contains recommendations produced from the ADB experts.
Table 5.4 Recommendation to Existing Guidelines for the Implementation of Decree Law No. 5/2011 Recommendation Draft-3 Ministerial Diploma (Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Environment/MCIE) and Guidelines on Regulation on the Detailed Requirements Clarification on general provisions, screening of for Screening, Scoping and the Terms of projects, objectives and contents of: (1) EIS; (2) Reference, EIS, and EMP for Simplified EIS; and (3) Environmental Environmental Assessment Management Plan (EMP) Clearer definition on project affected people and vulnerable groups, notice of classification of Draft-3 Ministerial Diploma (MCIE) and proposed projects, public consultation on the Guidelines on Procedures and proposed ToR, during the study phase and public Requirements during the Environmental consultation on the submitted EIS and EMP, Assessment Process record keeping and public access to documents. Scope of the IBA, traditional land use, customs, Draft-3 Ministerial Diploma (MCIE) and and Tarabandu's role in IBA, negotiation process, Guidelines on Regulations on Impacts conditions in any IBA and complaints and and Benefit Agreements (IBA) grievance mechanisms. Draft-3 Ministerial Diploma (MCIE) and Guidelines on Regulations on the Status Composition of the Evaluation Committee, and Rules of Procedures for the working principles (including quorum, decision Evaluation Committee for Managing the making, technical analysis, etc.), and expertise EIA Procedure for Category A Projects from entities outside the environmental authority.
In addition to recommendations to existing guidelines, the ADB team also makes recommendation on the use of several terms in the Decree Law No.5/2011 for the purpose of clarification and to reflect international best practice on aspects covered in EIS laws (following table).
Table 5.5 Proposed Amendments to the Use of Several Terms in the EIS Laws Proposed Amendments
Article 1 (k) Definition of “environmental impacts” Article 1 (w) Addition of “women” and “affected people” to the definition of “public” Article 1 (y) Use of term “Environmental Assessment”
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Article 4 (1) Use of term “Environmental Impact Assessment” and “Simplified Environmental Impact Statement” Article 4 (3) Replacement of the article to reflect international best practice on aspects covered in EIS definition Articles 18, 21, 22, The use of the term “proponent”, “Simplified EIS”, etc. 25, Article 19 The deadline for the technical analysis of the Simplified EIS and EMP and others Article 33 (1) Addition of the obligation to keep record on monitoring Article 38 (1) Clarification on record and information access to show that the register should also include EIA, EIS and EMP for any project New Chapter XII Insertion of a new chapter to cover procedures applicable for proposed projects that may have significant cross border environmental impacts Article 42 Addition of a “catch all” phrase to account for the emergence of other issues that may require regulations
This updated EMP has been prepared by using the latest guideline and policy as presented in the Expert101 document, particularly, the sequences and table of content of the report.
5.7 Institutional Arrangements and Responsibilities
The roles and responsibilities of various agencies involve in the implementation and monitoring program is very important to be defined in the legal documentation such as EIS and EMP. This will allow effective coordination during the implementation which is needed, particularly the define role in day to day operation.
5.7.1 Overall Monitoring Responsibilities and Activities
During the operation of the facility, the monitoring of the implementation of EMP will be responsible by the HSE unit within the project owner, where according the organization structure existed. The Project manager and HSE unit will carry out regular daily and weekly inspections of operation activity and monitoring of mitigation measures. PITSA will carry out spot checks to ensure that the implementation is in line with the proposed EMP.
5.7.2 Organization Roles and Responsibilities
The overall organizational structure for environmental management for the project is only cover the operation and decommissioning of the facility.
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Figure 5.2. Organization and Intuitional Arrangement during the Operation of Facility
5.7.2.1 Roles of PITSA
As the project owner, PITSA has overall responsibility for preparation, implementation and financing of environmental management and monitoring tasks as they pertain to the project and inter-agency coordination. During the operation of the fuel receiving, storing, and distributing, HSE (Heath Safety and Environment) section at PITSA will take fully reasonability in overall monitoring and implementation of the EMP.
5.7.2.2 Roles of NDPCEI
The NDPCEI, the agency responsible for environmental management, was consulted at the onset of the EIS process and will be consulted on the confirmation of the categorization of the project. Under the provisions of the ELL, the EIS will be submitted to NDE for review and issuance of environmental clearance. Ongoing consultations with NDPCEI will be required during the construction of the project and NDPCEI will be asked to assist in the monitoring of implementation of the EMP and ensure that environmental management and mitigation of the project is undertaken to an acceptable standard. Periodic inspections will take place with NDPCEI, PITSA HSE, PISC and Contractors.
5.7.2.3 ANPM
ANPM is the regulatory agency of oil and gas operation in Timor Leste. Therefore, all the operation procedure includes the compliance with the environmental management and monitoring program, has follow also with the ANPM regulation. The function of ANPM is to ensure that the all company involve in the oil and gas sectors (both upstream and downstream),
85 | P a g e in line with the government policy and regulation. Therefore, ANPM should actively monitor all the activity including the environmental compliancy. ANPM should has HSE unit that primarily responsible for environmental management and monitoring system.
5.7.2.4 Assessment of Institutional Capacity
PITSA is part of an international well known company [PT. Pertamina (Persero)] involve in energy sector business has good track record in environmental compliancy for their facility in Indonesia and other branches in foreign countries such as in Timor Leste. As a grandchild of an international company, PITSA has also follow the best international standard on the implementation of EHS, per ISO requirement. However, the well trained local operator of the facility will be important to enhance the effective implementation of the EMP. PITSA has already trained and employed local Timorese who have worked with the company since Indonesian administration. Therefore, the company has an institutional capacity to manage the sustainable operation of the fuel storage facility, where implementation of EMP would be the key.
Other institutions that should have proper capacity in ensuring the effective implementation would be the NDPCEI and other government agencies to monitor and control the mentioned parameters during the implementation of the project so that the activity will follow all the standard and procedures.
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6. CONTRACTUAL AND CORPORATE OBLIGATIONS
The existing project is owned 95% by PITSA and additional 5% is owned locally, that comply with Timor-Leste’s downstream regulation – Decree law No 1/2012 particularly Article 9 that stipulated that all downstream petroleum companies in Timor Leste should have at least 5% local ownership. However, as a foreign owned company, PITSA may subject to various policy in the Indonesian side, as well international standard and regulation, which consist of:
- Environmental Management System (ISO 14000) - Occupational Health and Safety Standard (ISO 18001)
Moreover, Decree Law No.5/2011 in Articles 15 and 16 established the Impacts and Benefit Agreement procedure to allow for project proponent and affected communities around Category A projects to enter into a legal agreement for the community’s benefit (Table 6.1). While there have been no clear guidelines on how to enter into these types of agreement, it is prudent to say that most project proponents are willing to enter into this type of agreement as far as the agreements are reasonable and within the scale of the potential impacts identified in the EMP.
Potential impacts to local community range from negative as well as positive impacts. Potential negative impacts can be direct and indirect impacts that will be felt during operation and maintenance of the project. During the operation and maintenance phase, impacts can come in the form of pollution such as air and water and others. Potential positive impacts are related to job provision in every phase of the project, be it pre-construction, construction and operation and maintenance impacts.
Table 6.1. Impacts and Benefits Agreement in Decree Law No. 5/2011
Chapter Article Article Title Main Point V 15 Impacts and Establishment of the IBA as the legal instrument for Benefits communities around or near the proposed Category A Agreement (IBA) projects to enter into an agreement that defines rights and obligations between the community and project proponent in relation to traditional land use, customs and community rights to the scale of potential impacts identified in the updated EMP. 16 Negotiation of the Timing of the IBA negotiation, process, facilitation, IBA conflict resolution and status of the IBA as a “statute.”
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7. SUMMARY OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT
The environmental, social, and occupational health and safety impacts during the operational of transferring and storing of the fuels with the facility will affect existing natural environment that should be assessed to provide the baseline information in the formulation of the mitigation measure to minimize the avoid, minimize and or offset the impacts. The summary of impacts to the existing receiving environment during the operation, decommission, deactivation, and occupational health and safety issue are presented in the following sections. More importantly, the field measurement of the important existing environmental parameters related to the operational fuel storage and distribution are given to provide an evidence of the current and projected impacts to the environment.
7.1 Environmental Impacts during Operation
Relevant bio-physical components that will be affected by the project during the operation phase are: Air quality soil and groundwater aquifer surface water marine water and coastal ecosystem Marine bio-diversity
The disturbance that comes from the project will cause the degradation of the quality of above mentioned receiving bio-physical environment. As the project has been in operating since 1981 and according EMP document produced in 1998, several important parameters need to be monitored regularly to ensure that the process operation of receiving, storing, and distributing of fuel shall not cause adverse impacts that cause the major disturbance in the receiving environment.
Therefore, the summery of impacts presented in this section will also be supported by the field measurement of receiving quality of ambient. Particularly, the marine water quality, groundwater, and nearest ambient air quality were measured as an integral part of the updated EMP document.
7.1.1 Air Emission Air quality potentially is impacted from Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) associated with low hydrocarbon chain compound easily evaporated into the air. Gasoline contains benzene that is easily evaporated into the atmosphere during handling of product. Large amount of VOC transferred into the atmosphere will cause pollution and can be harmful to those expose to it. Given the capacity and the closed handling system, the nature of this impact is localized and can be significantly mitigated. The following figure identify the spot where the vapor from fuel could potentially be released to the air that will contribute to the air pollution from fuel receiving, soring, and distribution system in the filling station.
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Figure 7.1. Identification of Potential Source of Vapor Emission
Although the air emission is occurred locally in this case, from the fuel storage facility, the dispersion of the polluted air can spread to other adjacent area.
Figure 7.2. Source of Vapor and dispersion Coverage
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Depending on the amount of vapor, released, the hydrocarbon compound will be dispersed widespread by the wind (according the wind direction) in various direction. If the spill or release of the vapor is significant, where the concentration of hydrocarbon vapor from the source is high, then the spread of vapor within 50 m could be harmful. Within the radius of 50 m, the worker and facility may be affected. While, beyond 50 meter of radius, the community health and safety could be a concern.
Potential for air pollution from the use of products (vehicle emission) can come in the form of release of NOx, SOx, COx and Particulate Matter (PM) from the combustion. Pollution from vehicle emission depends on several factors including:
1. Specification of fuel for example, in the case of gasoline, use of lower RON could lead to higher emission of NOx and Cox 2. Engine maintenance 3. Traffic congestion
Air pollution from the use of products has great potential to spread nationally even trans- boundary to the neighboring nations. Most appropriate mitigation measures for this type of pollution, however, depend on local policy and regulatory framework in relation to the quality of petroleum products allowed to be imported in, engine maintenance as well as traffic planning and management. Potential mitigation measures that can be implemented by PITSA is in the form of product specifications.
Table 7.1 Ambient Air Quality Parameter Measurement Observation Confidence No. Parameter Method unit Result duration interval 1 Weather Cerah 2 Dominated wind direction From Timur laut 3 Average wind speed m/s 0.8 – 1.6 4 Humidity % 63 - 85 5 Temperature oC 25 - 33 3 6 Oxide Nitrogen (NO2) SNI 19 - 7119.2 – 2005 g/Nm 1 8 ± 0.277 3 7 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) SNI 19 - 7119.7 – 2005 g/Nm 1 5 ± 16.662
8 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) MU – LKU/TL.ITB – 3 ppm - 348 ± 40 3 9 PM10 (Particle < 10m) MU – LKU/TL.ITB – 1 g/Nm 24 49 ± 0.023 ) 3 10 PM2,5 (Particle < 2,5m) MU – LKU/TL.ITB – 1 g/Nm 24 21 ± 0.053 The above field measurement data on the ambient air quality suggested that the contributing factor from the existing operation of the facility has not caused any significant impact, as all the parameters of the air quality indicators are below the threshold of ambient air quality (WHO and IFC, 2007).The World Bank assessment on outdoor air pollution in Timor Leste (2009) noted air pollution is currently not a major concern and usually it is only localized and temporary problem relevant to an activity that may be completed at the certain period of time. Sources of air pollution in Timor Leste are typically:
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1. Particulate Matter (PM) from construction activity, lack of road maintenance and clean-up program, forest fire. 2. Gas emission from vehicular movement and operation of power plant
As the nature of the propose project will contribute gas emission to the atmosphere, such as SOx, NOx, CO2 and CH4 (Methane), and volatile organic compound (VOCs). Baseline data collection on these mentioned gases would be important. Baseline data would provide important information as reference prior to the commencement of project. Air pollution from vehicle combustion starting to be of concern in the Capital Dili and other main roads due to the increasing number of cars, trucks and other vehicles. Air quality is commonly measured in terms of concentrations of NO2, SO2 , Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5) and ozone. The following table contains WHO ambient air quality guidelines.
Table 7.2 WHO Ambient Air Quality Guidelines Parameter Average Period Guideline Value (μg/m3)
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 24-hour 20 10 minute 500
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 1-year 40 1-hour 200
PM10 1-year 20 24-hour 50
PM2.5 1-year 10 24-hour 25 Ozone 8-hour daily 100 maximum Source: IFC, http://www.ifc.org/
7.1.2 Degradation of Marine Water and Ecological Quality
Marine water and coastal ecology are important component of the receiving environment related to the operational of the fuel transferring and storing due to the nature of the business that is located along the coastline, the first process started from the landing jetty, which is about 300 m of the coast, and topographical condition, where transports of all potential contaminant will end- up in the marine water body and coastal ecology.
When the fuel or derivative chemicals related to the fuel enters the marine waterbody, it becomes pollutant that will affect the quality of the marine water. The pollutant related to operational of fuel transports and storing can enter the receiving marine water body from the following mechanism:
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Spill of fuel during the process of transferring and storing of the fuels (jetty, storage, and refueler). The spills may occur due to leaking of hose, improper connection of hose during the loading and unloading. Although the volume of fuel spills would significantly small, overtime the cumulative volume could be significant. Therefore, cumulative volume of waste loading into the marine would be an issue. Rough volume of spill could be in the range of 1 to 2 liters per day of operation.
Liquid waste from the storage tanks during the tank cleaning (tank maintenance). Cleaning of the tank normally done once in five years and the volume of water use to clean the tank is roughly 20% of the total volume of tank. As the total volume of the tank is equal to 5,300,000 L, the total volume of wastewater caused by the tank cleaning per 5 –year is around 1 million litters. The fuel content, with the wastewater was estimated to be around 0.05% volume. Therefore, the total volume of sludge/pollutant result in 5 – years is equal to 530 L, which is relatively small amount. Liquid waste (mix of oil and water) from the oil catcher within the storage and refueler facilities. The liquid waste as estimated to be 2 Liter per day spill within the facility will be washed off by the rain water during the rainy seasons. The runoff will enter the oil catcher, to filter the oil
From the above three source of pollutants that possibly enter the marine water body, the total daily waste load can be calculated. The load:
Daily Loading rate = Load due to spill + Load due to cleaning + Load from Oil Cather
= 2 + 0.3 + 2 = 5 Liter
By assuming that 90% of this waste enters the marine water, then the total daily load of oil pollutant is equal to 4.5 L. If the average density of fuel (gasoline = 720 m3/kg and diesel fuel = 820 m3/kg) = 770 m3/Kg or 0.77 kg/L, total daily mass loading that could possibly enter the marine water is estimated to be 3.5 Kg/day.
As Timor Leste does not have a limitation of maximum daily load of the waste and marine water quality limiting factor, then the international best practice should be used. This is to say that, the mass loading of the waste into the marine, should not cause the disturbance of the function of marine waterbody. The marine waterbody is used for recreation, fishing, and other water sports activities. The wastewater or oil spill that eventually enters the marine ecosystem with the rate of loading as calculated will cause degradation of water quality, which will be measured by the water quality parameters of oil layer, Cr, Pb, Ce, Fe, and total hydrocarbon. When these pollutant enter the marine environment, with the certain quantity will affect the quality of ecosystem such as fish production or cause bio-accumulation, where concentration of heavy metal in the body of the fish is significant high. When the fish shall be consumed by the people, the fish become poisonous and could cause fatal.
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Figure 7.3 Wastewater Pollution to the Marine Waterbody
Figure 7.4. The Source of Pollutant within the Facility
Therefore, the measurement of marine water quality is necessary and important to know the status of the existing facility (receiving, storing, and distributing) to the marine environment. The measurement of the marine water quality data, as presented in the following table, shows that the receiving water marine water quality is still very much lower than the threshold value.
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Figure 7.5. Sampling Point of Marine Water Quality Observation
Two measurement points were proposed to study the nature of pollutant loading into marine water, which are near the discharge point of drainage outlet that potentially load the waste from the facility to the sea and also at the landing jetty, where potentially waste would enter the marine water system. The waste loading will cause impairment of marine water quality. It would be beneficial to sample the wastewater discharge directly from the facility by knowing the pollutant concentration and volume. However, the drainage was dry during the observation, which typical system where the non-point source (NPS), which usually contribute from various diffuse form that transported by the storm runoff.
Therefore, the ambient receiving water quality standard can be used to judge if there is any indication of marine water quality issue from the fuel storage facility. The following table shows the indicator of the marine water quality standard according to USEPA, which can be used to understand the status of pollutant loading from fuel storing and distributing in PITSA’s facility.
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Table 7.3 Marine Water Quality Parameters Indicator (USEPA, 2007) – Near Jetty
Station #2 Near at Jetty No Parameter Unit Standard* result Physical 1 Turbidity NTU >3 1.65 2 Smell - - - 3 Suspended Solid mg/L 80 4 4 Solid Waste - 0 0 0 5 Temperature C Natural 30.2 6 Oil Layer - 0 0 Chemical 1 pH - 6.5 – 8.5 7.65 0 2 Salinity /00 Natural 33.5
3 Total Amonia mg/L NH3-N 0.3 <0.001
4 Sulfida mg/L H2S 0.03 <0.01 5 Total Hydrocarbon mg/L 1 <1 6 Total Fenol mg/L 0.002 0.034 PCB (polychlor 7 mg/L 0.01 biphenyl) Not Measure 8 Surfactan (deterjen) mg/L LAS 1 0.283 9 Oil and Fat mg/L 5 1.8 10 TBT (tri butyl tin) mg/L 0.01 <0.001 Soluble Heavy Metal 1 Mercury mg/L Hg 0.003 0.0009 2 Copper mg/L Cu 0.05 0.065 3 Zinc mg/L Zn 0.1 0.012 4 Cadmium mg/L Cd 0.01 <0.001 5 Lead mg/L Pb 0.05 <0.01 Bacteriology 1 Total Coliform MPN/100 mL 1000 120
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Table 7.3 Marine Water Quality Parameters Indicator (USEPA, 2007) – Drainage Outlet - Beach
Station #1 Near at Drainage Outlet No Parameter Unit Standard* result Physical 1 Turbidity NTU >3 2.77 2 Smell - - - 3 Suspended Solid mg/L 80 8 4 Solid Waste - 0 0 0 5 Temperature C Natural 29.8 6 Oil Layer - 0 0 Chemical 1 pH - 6.5 – 8.5 7.54 0 2 Salinity /00 Natural 31.2
3 Total Amonia mg/L NH3-N 0.3 <0.001
4 Sulfida mg/L H2S 0.03 <0.01 5 Total Hydrocarbon mg/L 1 <1 6 Total Fenol mg/L 0.002 0.032 PCB (polychlor 7 mg/L 0.01 biphenyl) Not Measure 8 Surfactan (deterjen) mg/L LAS 1 0.287 9 Oil and Fat mg/L 5 1.4 10 TBT (tri butyl tin) mg/L 0.01 <0.001 Soluble Heavy Metal 1 Mercury mg/L Hg 0.003 0.0009 2 Copper mg/L Cu 0.05 0.048 3 Zinc mg/L Zn 0.1 0.016 4 Cadmium mg/L Cd 0.01 <0.001 5 Lead mg/L Pb 0.05 <0.01 Bacteriology 1 Total Coliform MPN/100 mL 1000 90
The above data indicate that, the above potential loading rate has not caused any significant impairment of the marine water quality degradation that will further affect negatively the quality of marine water body. However, as much as possible, mitigation measures should be able to significantly reduce the loading rate.
In addition to marine water quality, pollutant loading to the marine water will also affect the marine ecological quality. Macro benthos has been used widely as bio-indicator for marine ecological quality assessment. As part of the updated EMP document, the assessment of the existing marine ecological quality of the surrounding area was conducted. The sample of marine
96 | P a g e water was tested in the Laboratory of Institute Technology Bandung (ITB) in Bandung, Indonesia in 2017. It was found that the indexes of these respective species composition ranges from 0.744 to 0.900 (Simpson Index) and 1.53 to 2.3 (Shannon-Wiener Index) in the nearby jetty, where potentially fuel spill may have occurred.
Table 7.4 Measurable Indexes of Bottom Sediment Sampling Location ID Simpson (D) ID Shannon-Wiener (H’) S1 0.64 1.255
Simpson index ranges from 0 to 1. As the value of D (Simpson Index) approach one, the condition becomes less diverse or a specific flora or fauna is dominating that particular ecosystem. On the other hand, if the value is approaching to zero, then the ecological condition is very diverse or no species is dominant in the ecological. The Shannon-Wiener index (H), on the other hand, shows stable ecological condition where H =1 and above and not stable is the value of H is less than 1. The results indicate a consistent pattern in the four different locations where the composition of the benthic organism is stable or relatively healthy marine ecological system, however, with less diversity.
7.1.3 Soil and Groundwater Contamination
Soil and groundwater aquifer are also an important receiving environment that can be affected by the project, if there is transport of contaminant to the soil which percolate further to eventually reach groundwater aquifer. Pollutant transfer depends on the type of soil and distance between the surface and the aquifer. Potential for leaks into the soil is especially high during the unloading and distribution of petroleum products and during tank maintenance cleaning usually happen every five years. Maintenance cleaning requires the removal of sludge usually formed at the bottom of the diesel fuel tanks. Temporary piling of the sludge at the facility also has the potential to leach contaminant into soil.
To know, the trend of the groundwater pollution, the field measurement would be required and the following table shows the field data collection and laboratory analysis on the important water quality parameters related to the groundwater near the project location. The data was taken from the ground water production/monitoring well owned and operated by PITSA.
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Table 7.5 Groundwater Quality
Station # Groundwater well - Pantai Kelapa No Parameter Unit Standard* result Physical 1 Turbidity NTU >3 4.18 2 Smell - - - 3 Suspended Solid mg/L 80 6 4 Solid Waste - 0 0 0 5 Temperature C Natural 30.1 6 Oil Layer - 0 0 Chemical 1 pH - 6.5 – 8.5 7.59 0 2 Salinity /00 Natural 0
3 Total Amonia mg/L NH3-N 0.3 <0.001
4 Sulfida mg/L H2S 0.03 0.025 5 Total Hydrocarbon mg/L 1 <1 6 Total Fenol mg/L 0.002 0.254 PCB (polychlor 7 mg/L 0.01 Not biphenyl) Measure 8 Surfactan (deterjen) mg/L LAS 1 <0.005 9 Oil and Fat mg/L 5 2 10 TBT (tri butyl tin) mg/L 0.01 <0.001 Soluble Heavy Metal 1 Mercury mg/L Hg 0.003 0.0009 2 Copper mg/L Cu 0.05 0.102 3 Zinc mg/L Zn 0.1 0.054 4 Cadmium mg/L Cd 0.01 <0.001 5 Lead mg/L Pb 0.05 <0.01 Bacteriology
The measurement of the groundwater in a production well (the nearest) suggested no sign of pollution transport from existing fuel storage operation to the groundwater aquifer and soil system.
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Figure 7.6 Location of Monitoring Well and Sampling of Groundwater Quality
Similar to the marine water, the groundwater quality measured in this study will be judged against the reference value to know if the existing facility would have contributed to the impairment of the ambient environment.
7.1.4 Solid-waste
There are two main solid wastes; domestic and sludge solid wastes that require proper handling to create good and clean environment in supporting the operational of the fuel storage and distribution service in Timor Leste. Domestic waste can be handled easily by collecting and disposing in the Tibar sanitary land field. The solid waste from sludge on the other hand, though the amount is small, required proper collection and disposal to avoid leaching to the groundwater and potentially polluting the marine ecosystem.
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The amount of sludge waste resulted from the operational of fuel storage and distribution system is mainly from the sludge that form within the tank, especially for the diesel fuel, would be around 0.05% of the total volume of fuel. The volume of sludge produced in 5-years would be significantly small. However, the sludge has to be deployed to Tibar land field as Hazardous and Toxic Waste (B3), which required special handling in Tibar area.
The summary of Impacts could be represented in the following figure.
Figure 7.7 Summary of Environmental Impacts Related to Operation and Maintenance of Facilities
7.2 Environmental Impacts during Decommissioning
As the government of Timor Leste and PITSA has made a special arrangement on the future status of the fuel storage in Pantai Kelapa, it is a mandatory that the facility will be decommissioned in the near future, as the government has a plan to further utilize this existing facility into other uses such as transport, office buildings, etc. The project owner, is then proposed decommissioning plan, as the part of the environmental licensing and permitting, to provide an information and method of the decommissioning process, impacts and mitigation measures to eliminate, reduce, or offset the impacts.
The impacts that may arise during the decommissioning phase depends on the activity to decommission the whole or part of the system. It is the responsibility of the project owner to ensure that the process of decommissioning of the component of the project shall follow the standard health, safety, and environment. The process of removal and demolishing of the facility
100 | P a g e such as storage tanks, jetty, piping system, office building, will involve physical activities that shall generate noise and vibration, solid waste, create instability of land in the project site that cause erosion during the rainy days, hazardous material such as poisonousness gases trapped in the storage tanks when demolishes, etc. Further identification on the impacts is presented in the following table.
Table 7.6 Environmental Impacts during Decommissioning Impacts Cause and source of Impacts 10 All the physical activity that use heavy duty equipment in demolishing the structure Noise and Vibration 11 Cutting the storage tanks with cold or hot system 12 Digging and removal of piping system 13 Demolish jetty and structures Excavation of soil due to removal of piping and structure will create Soil erosion unprotected soil that cause erosion during the heavy seasons 14 Dust and particulate matter from the activity such as demolishing the structure 15 Residue of petroleum vapor within the storage tanks, when cutting the tank Air quality 16 Some gas/volatile gas trapped in the piping system that will cause air pollution when cut or remove the pipe 17 Combusting the fuel from the machinery use to execute the work All the structures that demolish will become solid waste, with large Solid Waste volume such as office building, tanks, jetty, pipes, etc. 18 Poisonous gas within the pipe or tanks 19 Asbestos Hazardous material 20 Petroleum based product such as lubricant, fuel 21 Sludge 22 If there is any petroleum product pollution to the land Contaminated land 23 Leaching of pollutant to the groundwater system Marine Pollution and 24 Temporary impact of turbidity contamination 25 Minor oil spill
7.3 Socio-Economic Impacts
Socio-economic impacts due to the presence of the project is mainly positive as it createsjobs and contributes to the national economy with the provision of tax payment. The presence of the project shall also solve the fuel issue by stabilizing the price and ensure the availability of the
101 | P a g e fuel in both quantity and quality in Timor Leste market. Some negative draw back due to the presence of the project or impact that because the economic and social losses can be described as followed.
7.3.1 Health Impacts
The VOC release to atmosphere could potentially affect the public health, especially pollutes the air that could potentially cause respiratory problems. Pollutant transport to the groundwater aquifer could also become an issue of public health if the spill of petroleum product not handled properly.
Given the fact that the receiving, storing, and distributing of the fuel is highly controlled automatically, the leaking or loss of fuel as vapor is expected to be minimum and therefore, the impacts may not be a major concern. It would become an issue if there is any major spill where the public and community are affected significantly by the VOC that will affect the health issue.
7.3.2 Traffic Impacts
Traffic impact in water transportation is minor and can be ignored. The land transportation due to the location of the facility can be an issue, as tanker come in and out of the facility to take the fuel for further distribution. The traffic survey was conducted in the following locations to know the traffic volume during busy days.
Figure 7.8 Map of Project Location and Road System
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Table 7.7 Traffic Count Data Collected Data Collection: 18 April 2017 Time Car Motor Total 6:00 250 600 850 7:00 230 750 980 8:00 300 800 1100 9:00 460 809 1269 10:00 655 900 1555 11:00 791 980 1771 12:00 896 1104 2000 13:00 950 1000 1950 14:00 894 977 1871 15:00 900 833 1733 16:00 500 843 1343 17:00 650 850 1500 18:00 678 900 1578 19:00 500 844 1344 20:00 350 700 1050 21:00 250 600 850 22:00 75 500 575 23:00 30 400 430 Total 9359 14390 23749
The data suggested that, the average daily traffic volume, was around 24,000 per day, which is considered as moderate. The traffic reach peak volume between 7 to 8 AM, and 5 to 6 PM, where people start to commute for work and finished the work and go home, respectively. The following study from JICA Master of Dili urban area indicated that the current condition of the traffic will considered moderate. However, if no improvement such as road system, the future traffic around that location will be heavily congested.
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Figure 7.9. Existing Traffic Condition in Dili and Project Location
Figure 7.10 Traffic Condition in the Future (JICA Master Plan team, 2015)
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7.3.3 Other Social Impacts
The positive social impacts from the project is creation of the job for many youth who need a job and this project has contributed to 45 permanent workers from Timor Leste. This social impact is positive and should be expanded into other benefits for the community such as through the corporate social responsibility program.
7.3.4 Economic Impacts
Economic loss mainly related to oil spill and some accidental events such as large scale of fire. However, this kind of loss is usually unexpected and this risk should be managed and minimized. The following table provides the summary of social and economic impacts during the operation.
Table 7.8 Summary of Potential Social and Economic Impacts during the Operation of Plant
Component Potential Impacts /factor of concern Social Loss of livelihood due environmental damage Public health and safety Corporate responsibility Economic Loss monetary value due to fuel loss Loss of 3 HA land that will be occupied by the project Economic opportunity to state and community Create employment Provision of tax payment Loss of livelihood due to seawater pollution Economic loss due to sickness due to groundwater contamination
7.4 Occupational Health and Safety
Protection of health and safety of workers are important obligation that the employer should fulfill. Particularly, given the nature of development that deals receiving, storing, and distributing of large volume of fuels, that could potential create high risk of hazard to workers and people, within nearby facility. Therefore, preventive and protective measure should be introduced with the priority order of hazard management:
- Eliminating Hazard - Controlling hazard from its source through the use engineering control - Minimizing the hazard though the proper design of system and proper administrational arrangement - Proving personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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In general, proper design of work environment and operation, communication and training of OHS, are important factors in achieving the objective which is to minimize the hazard risk to the worker and people within the facility. As, the international company, PITSA, has developed proper standard of occupational health and safety, which are in line with best practice, according to ISO 18000. It is also equally important to identify the type of hazard in the related working environment. There are physical, chemical, and biological hazard that should become concerns in any working environment facility and they are common for any nature of activity. Further detail on the type of hazard and action to be taken can be found in the general standard guideline of the occupational health and safety (OHS) of IFC guideline published in 2007. Summary of important aspect of OHS concern can be found in the following table:
Table 7.9 Summary of General OHS Concern in any Working Environment (IFC, 2007) Type of Hazard/Important Factor Contributing to OHS Main Concern Integrity of workplace structure Workspace and exit Fire Precaution Portable Water supply Lavatory and Shower General Facility Design and Operation Clean eating area Lighting Safe access First aid Air supply Work environment temperature OHS Training Visitor Orientation New staff training Communication and Training Area signage Labeling equipment Communicate hazard code Rotating and moving equipment Noise and Vibration Electrical Eye Hazard Physical Hazard Hot work Working environment temperature Repetitive motion Working at height Illumination
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Air quality Fire and explosion Chemical Corrosive, reactive, and oxidation chemical Asbestos containing material Any biological agent that potentially cause Biological Hazard hazard biologically Eye and face protection Head protection Hearing protection Personal Protective Equipment Foot protection Hand protection Respiratory protection Body/legs protection
The following discussion provides the occupational health and safety that related to the nature of the operational of fuel storage (chemical, fire, potential explosion, and confined space).
7.4.1 Chemical hazards
Personnel who work directly and regularly in storing and distributing the gasoline and diesel fuels could be contact directly to the chemical hazard and will affect the health and safety if no proper action to mitigate the risk shall be taken.
Occupational exposure could be most likely related to the contact directly to the fuel (skin) and inhalation of fuel vapor during the loading and unloading fuel. Other mechanisms of chemical exposure by the worker would be in an event of major fuel spill within the facility. The hazard and risk of chemical exposures could be prevented through the implementation of the occupational health and safety program.
The chemical hazard related to the fuel storage and distribution system would be consist of poor air quality, chemical hazard that cause fire and explosion or flammable, asbestos material, and other acid/base or oxidation chemical. The proper management of this chemical material within the facility would be the key to minimize their risk to the workers within the working environment.
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7.4.2 Fire and explosions
The fire and follow with the major explosion could potentially occurs to particularly the petroleum product that has high volatility and highly flammable. With the presence of ignition and oxygen, this flammable fuel can be easily generating the fire and explosion with the quantity of fuel is large volume. Therefore, it is important to manage these three important factors (fuel, ignition, and oxygen) such that they do not meet at the same time to generate fire and explosion. Various important steps could normally be taken to minimize the risk of fire and exploration including the proper design, grounding and prevent the ignition of fire.
However, the following identification of potential point/spot where fire and explosion may occurs related to the petroleum product storage facility from receiving to the distributing systems.
Figure 7.11 Potential Fire Source from Vapor and Spill of Fuel
7.4.3 Confined spaces
The confined space entry by workers could potentially heightened exposure to the hazardous material such as VOC, oil spill, wastewater, and associated fire hazard that may occur within this
108 | P a g e area if not properly managed. The confined space of the fuel storage in PITSA’s facility is the storage tanks that has high restriction rule or area of entry.
Figure 7.12 Confined Space in the Storage Yard
Within the contained space, there are six storages tanks with various sizes, as presented earlier. The confined space is a restricted area, as there is always a high risk for people to be within the proximate distance. Within, this contained space; there are secondary containment, oil catcher, and other supporting facility such as fire hydrant, pipe and fire hose. Therefore, people or workers who have an access to this confined space would likely to be exposure to several type of hazardous such as chemical, fire and explosion, and other hazardous material that could be dangerous to human health.
7.5 Community Health and Safety
Impacts of the project will affect the safety and health of the community may occur in case of large scale emergency situation, such as large scale oil spill (marine impacts pollution) and large scale fire incident, in which the radius impacts may go beyond the normal operational facility. In the standard operating procedure (SOP) of PITSA in Timor Leste, the emergency situation such as oil spill or fire that is longer able to be handle internally, may have adverse impacts to the community health and safety.
- Marine water pollution - Large scale of fire incident and fuel spill - Traffic safety - Transport of Hazardous material
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7.5.1 Large Scale Fire or Spill
The spills of the fuel may occur during the process of receiving from jetty, storing in the storage yard, and also distribution within the facility. If the volume of spill is large, then public will be affected by the marine water body and/or groundwater that potentially becomes polluted. Large scale fuel spill could also potentially create a large scale fire accident. Large scale fire could potentially occur in the points where the fuel presence in the large volume that catches (ignited) fire in the presence of oxygen.
There are several potential areas that could potentially catch fire due to spill and generate catastrophic events such as uncontrollable fire:
- Boat Tanker - Storage Yard - Refueler Area
7.5.2 Traffic safety As presented earlier, that Avenida de Portugal is one of the main roads that connect Comoro and the center of Dili and the transportation of fuel via tanker in and out to this road junction will create traffic impact and safety that require to be taken into consideration in impact management as part of the fuel storage facility. The public will exposure to the congestion and potentially traffic accident as a result of the high traffic volume. Particularly, the fuel transport via this road section needs to be extra careful.
7.6 Climate Change Impacts
It has been widely understood that climate change is mainly caused by global warming, a result of rapid rise in the concentration of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. The proposed facility will contribute a limited amount of greenhouse gases through direct emission from operation and indirect emission from power generation for use in the facility.
Moreover, on the adaptation side of Climate Change especially for an industrial facility in coastal location, several climate change impacts are relevant to the facility. These are – (i) sea level rise, (ii) changes in rainfall pattern and (iii) changes in temperature. These climate change impacts are important factors in Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) because it has the potential to exacerbate existing impacts. Moreover, climate change might induce unexpected and costly failure of the facility itself due to direct impacts from sea level rise especially during storm surge, increase of extreme weather events that induce erosion, flooding, changes in groundwater profile, and prolong the dry weather seasons that can affect water source availability.
To understand better how climate change potentially impact the facility, it is important to be familiar with expert projections on the changing climate in Timor Leste. The International 110 | P a g e
Climate Change Adaptation Initiative, Pacific Climate Change Science Program (ICCAI PCCSP) has concluded that for Timor Leste, air temperature has increased by a comparable amount to the increase in sea surface temperature (between 0.15-0.20C) per decade over the period of 1950- 2009. In terms of rainfall, the ICCAI PCCSP noted that there is a decrease in annual and dry season rainfall from 1952 to 2009. In the future, rainfall has been projected to shift toward the wet season with dry season rainfall projected to decrease although not much change is expected in the annual mean rainfall. Confidence in rainfall projection is low because 10 years of historic data is missing. As for intensity and frequency of days of extreme rainfall it is confidently projected that the intensity and frequency of days of extremely high rainfall will increase with not much change projected in the incidence of drought.
Study of satellite data and nearest tidal gauge concluded that sea level has risen near Timor Leste by about 9mm per year since 1993 and that the rise is larger than the global average of 2.8- 3.6mm per year. A higher rate of rise in Timor Leste may be related to natural periodic fluctuations caused by phenomena such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. It is confidently projected that this trend in sea level rise will continue.
The following table shows the indicative figure of various measurable climate parameters that may change in the future.
Table 7.10 Summary of Climate Variation in the future in Timor Leste
Source: SoL Research Program, 2011
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7.6.1 Greenhouse gas Emission
Greenhouse gas related to the operational fuel could include the emission of VOCs, which could convert to the CO2 and H20, methane, and others. The amount of these greenhouse gases is considered small, as spill and vapor release is relatively small. The measurement of the air emission parameter suggested that the ambient air quality within the radius of 50 m is in good condition. Moreover, the direct fuel consumption such as for power generation may produce greenhouse as mentioned but the emission rate is limited.
7.6.2 Temperature Change
The temperature change due to greenhouse gases will further affect the condition of the system operation. The higher air temperature will also cause high evaporation rate, which means also means more loss of fuel in the form of vapor to the air emission. Furthermore, the higher temperature could also be a concern, as the ambient air temperature will come close the flash or smoke point of the fuel (particularly the lower carbon chain of the fuel such a gasoline).
7.6.3 Change of Rainfall Pattern
The change of the rainfall due to the change of the climate parameters would affect the rainfall intensity and volume in the particular duration. These rainfall characteristic could potentially produce flood hazard that may affect the operational of the fuel storage system. Particularly, the storage is located next to the Comoro River.
Figure 7.13 Project Location and Comoro River
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The storm runoff produced by the rainfall will affect the amount of pollutant washed into the marine ecosystem. However, the analysis of hydrological calculation suggested that 50-yr or even 100-years rainfall frequency does not produce significant flooding near the project location (DSDMP, 2012).
Figure 7.14 Flooding Area identification and potential Impact to the Project
7.6.4 Sea Level Rise
To assess the risk of a facility in the coastal location from sea level rise, one has to know distance of the facility from the coastline and the elevation of the facility. In Timor Leste, it is generally accepted that those facilities (especially the national roads) that are located within 100m distance and 2m altitude from mean average sea level are deemed vulnerable to the effect of sea level rise. The existing facility of PITSA, within 20 m from the beach, sea level rise could be a serious issue.
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Figure 7.15. Location of the Storage respect to the Sea
7.7 Impacts during the Deactivation Stage
During the deactivation, once the project has decommissioned, there would be remaining impacts that need to be identified and mitigated accordingly if the land would not be utilized by the government. The government is the process of developing and extension of Dili International Airport and required the land to further develop and upgrade the infrastructure. Therefore, it is expected that no major impact would occur during the activation which is only at the very short duration. On the other hand, the impacts due to the new usage of the land will be depending on the project or activity o type.
The following table shows the hypothetical impacts, if the land is not utilized after all the equipment and facilities have decommissioned.
Table 7.11 Impacts Assessment during Deactivation of Project
Impacts Source of Impact
Solid waste removal From the office building, equipment, etc. Contaminant or hazardous material From special material such as PCB and the like Loss of job and opportunity From other related activity and project Loss of income from the company and government No production causes no income and no tax payment
Land pollution From wastewater and solid waste
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7.8 Summary of Positive Impacts Assessment of Project
Beside the negative impacts, there are several positive impacts that can be realized during the operation of the fuel storage facility in Timor Leste as a country and also community of Dili. The following table provides the summary of positive impacts of the project during the operational of the facility
Table 7.12 Summary of Positive Impacts during the Operation Fuel Storage Facility
Activity / Potential Positive Impacts Operation Job creation for Timorese ( PITSA is currently employing 15 local Timorese who work in various sector such as administration, finance, security, marketing, and other blue color jobs that will be generated during the operation of the facility Tax payment to the government Social corporate responsibility by the company to local community Steady fuel supply to Timor Leste and stabilize the price of the fuel in Timor Leste Supporting the steady of economic grow of Timor Leste through the reliable fuel supply and distribution Decommissioning Vacant land for the government of Timor Leste to develop for something else Some material can be reuse and recycle Reduction or eliminate the hydrocarbon pollutant loading to the marine waterbody
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8. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES
Mitigation measures are the actions taken in anticipation and/or response to the negative impacts that may arise during the operation of the project. Positive impacts should be enhanced and leveraged as much as possible. While negative impacts as identified in the previous chapter should be managed such that the impacts could be: - Avoided - Minimized or reduced - Off-setted or compensated
Various management controls could be applied to avoid the impacts or at least minimize and mitigation measures should be implemented in each stage of the operation from the receiving, storing, and distributing the fuel, within the facility, as well as the maintenance of the supporting facility. The following sections presented the mitigation measures proposed to be implemented in during the operation and decommissioning at the very near future, including the technological and management approaches.
8.1 Mitigation Measures during the Operation of Facility
As stated in the Impacts Assessment Chapter, potential impacts from the development would need to be minimized by the implementation of mitigation measures. Various mitigation measures have been implemented in PITSA’s business operation consisting of technological approaches to minimize as much as possible the impacts from fuel spill, wastewater, hydrocarbon vapor loss that eventually entering existing environment as well as Best Management Practice (BMP) approach such as planting trees (including planting more coconut trees in the coastal area) to help mitigate impacts that already occurs in existing environment.
8.1.1 Technical Mitigation Approach
Technological approach can be applied to avoid/mitigate the impacts going into the environment. To avoid the impacts mean to prevent the impacts from entering existing environment in the first place. In this case, if fuel spill does not occur, then impact to the air quality, impact to the water and groundwater quality, impacts to marine water quality, could be avoided. If spill does occur, however, technological approach can only minimize the impacts generated from spills that enters existing environment. Existing environment would have the natural ability to purify itself if waste load is less than the assimilative capacity. Various technological approaches can be applied to minimize the impacts caused by the presence of the project. The type of technical approach applies will depend on the type of impacts and the receiving environment. Description of technical approach for each impacts identified earlier is presented.
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Proper Design and Construction of Facility
Proper design and construction of the main facility (jetty, tanks, piping system, and refueler) and supporting systems (water, power, fire retardation system) with high standard quality would help to minimize fuel spill that will enter the environment. The high standard quality requirement, which include also high quality material and equipment selection, will lead to better operation and therefore leaks or spill of fuel during the process of transferring, storing, and distribution could be minimized. The American Petroleum Institute (API), has high standard requirements in designing the fuel storage tanks, including proper distance between the tanks, tanks and building, which when implemented properly leads to minimizing some negative issues in project implementation.
Monitoring Level and Temperature in Storage Tank
PITSA will be applied monitoring technologies of Level and Temperature in fuel storage tank. This is refer to ANPM inspection report and safety control in the storage equipment. The technology to be used for control temperature and level of fuel is Automatic Tank Gauging (ATG). An ATG is an electronic device, whose basic function is to monitor the fuel level in the tank over a period of time to see if the tank is leaking. It can also tell the facility operator what is going on inside the tank (example: fuel level, volume, temperature, high & low fuel level warnings).
An ATG uses probes located in each tank or compartment to measure fuel and water levels. Each probe consists of a long rod with floats or sensors. The position of the floats tells the ATG console how much fuel and water are present in the tank. The probe rod also has thermistors to measure the fuel temperature. A console is typically located inside the facility building, and can include a display, a keypad, a printer, status lights, and a beeper that signals alarm conditions. An ATG system may also be connected directly to a computer.
Figure .7.16. Measuring Principle of Automatic Tank Gauging 117 | P a g e
Figure 7.17. Drawing Assembly ATG in Storage Tank
PITSA will equipt an ATG in fuel storage tank no. 03 and 04 in 2018, and the other storage tanks will be equipted in 2019. The operator of PITSA is in charge of monitoring the ATG display in the control room or HSSE room. It is essential the operator know what is does or does not do, what it is communicating, and what to do when an alarm sounds. There area many brands and models of ATG, all have the ability to perform essentially the same functions. The operator must insist that the ATG installer or service technician train them and provide clear instruction on the proper operation and maintenance of the ATG. The owner or operator should contact the equipment manufacturer or UST installer if they have questions about operating the ATG.
Controlling Liquid waste and Oil Spill
As described earlier that oil spill could potentially occur in all the sub-processes of fuel storing and distribution system, through valve leaking, etc. When the rain comes, spilled fuel in the ground surface will be washed off by the storm runoff from the entire facility and the runoff will transport all the oil or liquid waste to the marine environment or groundwater aquifer through percolation loss (downward movement).
Therefore, it is very important to control spill and liquid waste so when runoff enters the marine water or groundwater, waste load or pollutant amount in the runoff would be as minimum as possible. With high standard quality of operating system such as controlling the flowrate of fuel
118 | P a g e in each line via automatic sensor and highly trained operators operating fuel transferring and distribution, the spill of fuel would be expected to be reasonably small. However, when spill does occur, then the following technical mitigation measures have been implemented to minimize the rate of waste load into the external environment.
Drainage system
Drainage system is constructed within the entire PITSA’s facility to drain the storm water runoff into the marine aquatic system, as shown in the following figure.
Figure 8.1 Drainage System within PITSA Facility
The drainage system within PITSA facility is a localized system to catch the storm water runoff only from the facility. The following figure shows the PITSA localized drainage system in reference to the major city drainage system.
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Figure 8.2 City Drainage Network System
The observation of the drainage system in the field suggests that drainage is mainly dry most of the time, except during heavy rain events.
Figure 8.3 Photos of Drainage system
This drainage system is connected to the oil – water separator to filter the oil or storm runoff pollutant so that the effluent of the runoff entering the marine aquatic system would have reasonably low waste loading. The following section will describe the oil catcher system which is used to filter and separate the oil from the runoff within the entire facility.
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Oil-water Separator
The oil catcher place at the very end of drainage system shall filter and separate pollutant due oil spill or any washed-off sediment, within the facility, from the storm water by the gravity process. As the oil or sediment or any pollutant would have higher specific gravity, then the pollutant would settle at the bottom of the separator. The pollutant at the bottom of separator will be collected as part of the B3 liquid pollutant for further treatment. The top product, which the runoff would have lower concentration of the oil or pollutant content will enter the drainage outlet and eventually reach the marine waterbody.
Figure 8.4. Conceptual Drawing of Oil – Catcher
Figure 8.5. Location of Oil – Cather in the Drainage System
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Figure 8.6. Oil – Catcher System
The following photos show the typical oil-catcher system, constructed within the facility.
Figure 8.7 Oil – Catcher within PITSA Facility
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The effectiveness of the system to separate the oil or pollutant from the storm runoff would be required to be monitored. Grab sampling and measurement during the rainy season would be needed to know the level of system, as the treatment process to separate the pollutant from the storm runoff. Other indirect way of evaluating the effectiveness of the oil-catcher is to measure the receiving water quality though the volume of the runoff entering the marine water body would be significantly low compares to the volume of marine water. As part of this updated EMP, the grab sampling of the marine water quality, as the receptor of the pollutant, was conducted. The samples were sent to an accredited laboratory in the Indonesia to know the receiving marine water quality condition, if there is any major concern that would require further action in the oil-catcher system.
Bund wall
Bund wall is a wall structure constructed that cover the perimeter of tank yard/farm to prevent or minimize the spill of the fuel due to failure in a tank such as major leakage or fire of the tank that cause major oil/fuel spill. The idea is that the spilled fuel would stay within this bund wall, which is already isolated area (confined area) so that the impact would be only inside.
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Figure 8.8. Typical Bund wall within PITSA Facility
The volume of the bund wall is designed to be 110% of the large volume of the storage tank, which is essentially the area times the height of the wall. Since the starting of the fuel storage operation in 1981 up to date, no major oil spill has occurred within the confined area, except the fire incident in July 2015. The current bund wall is well constructed to meet the needs of the fuel storage operation.
It should be noted that currently, the area within the bund wall is impervious surface, making the potential for infiltration of spilled oil high. PITSA has a plan to seal the bund area with concrete to avoid future infiltration of spills into the ground water from the bund area.
Fuel spill in Marine Water
Marine water body, especially near the landing jetty, where the boat tanker would usually berth to unload the fuel could potentially be polluted with the oil spill.
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Figure 8.9 Potential Oil Spill at the Landing Jetty
If a major fuel spill occur, fuel enters the marine water and pollutant will disperse and impact larger area. If the amount of the spilled fuel is small, then dispersion process will help to spread the concentrated pollutant by transferring the mass from the point where the spills occur into various directions and eventually the pollutants will be diluted and impact may be insignificant. However, if the fuel spill is reasonable larger, then the dispersion impacts would be significant.
Figure 8.10 Illustration of Pollutant Source and Movement due to Dispersion Factor
The mitigation actions to be taken in order to reduce the impacts if the major oil spill occurs would be to pump out the pollutant water by using methodology and associated equipment described in the following table.
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Table 8.1 Oil Spill Cleaning Methodology and Associated Equipment No Description Objective When to Use Habitat Suitability 1 Booming A boom is a floating physical barrier, placed Most responses to spills on water involve Can be used on all water environments on the water to contain or exclude oil. deploying boom. Boom shall always be (weather permitting). Booms begin to fail Booms must be properly deployed and kept deployed every time unloading of fuel by entrainment when the effective current clean from debris and re-adjusted to occur as precaution to any potential spill. or towing speed exceeds 0.7 knots changing water flow directions, water Containment booming of gasoline spills is perpendicular to the boom. levels, and wave conditions. Proper usually not attempted, because of fire, deployment involves use of mooring explosion, and inhalation hazards. systems (e.g., anchors, land lines) and However, when public health is at risk, skilled teams. Tidal-seal boom is a special gasoline can be boomed if foam is applied type of boom designed to be deployed in the and extreme safety procedures are used. intertidal zone. 2 Skimming There are numerous types of skimming When sufficient amounts of floating oil Can be used on all water environments devices are placed at the oil/water interface can be accessed. Skimming spilled (weather and visibility permitting). to recover, or skim, oil from the water’s gasoline is usually not feasible however, surface and may be operated independently when public health is at risk, gasoline can from shore, be mounted on vessels, or be be skimmed if foam is applied and extreme completely self-propelled. safety procedures used. 3 Dispersants Dispersants reduce the oil/water interfacial When the impact of the floating oil has Water bodies with sufficient depth and tension, making it easier for waves to break been determined to be greater than the volume for mixing and dilution. up oil into larger numbers of smaller impact of dispersed oil on the water- particles. Also prevents dispersed particles column and benthic community. from recoalescing and forming bigger, more buoyant droplets that float to the surface. Dispersants are commonly applied with pump or sprayer. 5 Sorbents Organic, inorganic, and synthetic materials When oil is free-floating close to shore, or Can be used on any habitat or environment that remove oil through absorption (uptake stranded on shore; the oil must be able to type. into the sorbent material, like a sponge) or be released from the substrate and sorbed through adsorption (coating of the sorbent’s by the sorbent. Sorbents can be used as a surface). Sorbents are placed on the floating secondary treatment method after gross oil oil or water surface, allowing them to sorb removal in sensitive areas where access is oil, or are used to wipe or dab stranded oil. restricted. Selection of sorbent varies by oil type: heavy oils only coat surfaces, requiring use of sorbents with high surface areas to be effective; lighter oils can penetrate sorbent material.
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Existing equipment at PITSA’s disposal are provided in the following table. All equipment is currently in usable condition and are tested regularly to ensure that they are operable. Equipment that has passed its useful age will be replaced immediately.
Table 8.2 Equipment at PITSA Pante Kelapa Facility No Description Specification Pictures 1 Solid floatation harbor SL-10HD & SL-10E Slickbar boom 10 lengh (Float Dimension 24 Inch)
2 Oil skimmer Frank Ayles Seaspry Kap 4.8 HP
3 Floating tank oil Floating tank oil reservoir reservoir
4 Oil dispersant Armi OD 661 (Oil dispersant)
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5 Oil Dispersant Pump Oil Dispersant Pump
6 Sorbent Slickbar oil absorbent pad and oil absorbent boom
Solid Waste and Oil – Sludge
Managing domestic solid waste within PITSA’s facility would be straight forward by collecting and transporting them into Tibar land fill area. The solid waste contributed by the oil sludge on the other hand, would need special handling, as the sludge may contain chemical and other hazardous material that will impacted to the receiving environment.
As a standard procedure, PITSA will be looking into qualified companies to handle the hazardous waste (Limbah B3 – Indonesian Acronym). The company will be responsible for transporting the waste out of PITSA’s facility and for proper demolition of the waste. When a qualified company not available locally, PITSA will request for permit to handle and store their waste at a place designated by the Government (most likely be near the existing landfill in Tibar) with proper environmental mitigation procedures such as the provision of storage lined with permeable layer. More information on the mitigation measures for hazardous material can be found under the Section on Managing Solid Waste.
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Jetty Maintenance
It has been noted before that PITSA has not conducted rehabilitation of the jetty due to the plan to decommission the whole facility in the near future. Light maintenance, however, has been conducted at the jetty for the purpose of keeping it operable. The light maintenance will be performed in 2018. During this maintenance, the following steps have to be taken to prevent pollution from the activities from entering the marine environment:
- Use of protected covering under the jetty at all times to catch materials falling into the sea - Jetty has to be isolated with warning signs installed around it
Controlling Hydrocarbon Vapor Loss Through Temperature and Pressure Control
Controlling vapor loss, particularly from gasoline, which is easier to evaporate, will be required to be controlled with several techniques to prevent the vapor loss that will cause the air pollution. Temperature measurement within the storage tank is very important to provide information for managing the vapor loss. The following figure provides the instrument (ATG) installed in each tank to measure the real time temperature inside the each tank.
Figure 8.11 Device installed in the Tank (Automatic Tank Gauging/ATG)
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The proposed of inside tank temperature measurement is to know the temperature level within the tank and keep at the certain level/threshold, that where the minimum. If the temperature in the tank is higher than the certain level, water coolant will be applied to the outside tank.
Figure 8.12 . Control Mechanism in the Storage Tank and Water Cooler
Figure. 8.13 Water spraying mechanism from the top of the tank
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The vapor loss could occur due to two causes: - Due to temperature and pressure drop between the ambient and storage tank - Due to open air during the tank cleaning The vapor can be controlled and minimized with the following techniques, by using the temperature information.
Regulate Breather Valve
This device is used to control the pressure inside the tank and outside (ambient), where the gasoline, shall use Pressure Vacuum valve (PV) and diesel fuel shall use Free Vent (FV).
Water Sprayer
During the condition of extreme temperature, the water sprayer is applied to outside surface of the tank to cool the temperature inside the tank so the hydrocarbon vapor loss would be reduced. The temperature inside the tank is automatically monitored online through temperature probe. Manual temperature reading is also available to check the temperature on a daily basis by the operator.
Manhole
Manhole is used by workers to clean the tank, which is located on the top and bottom of the storage tank. When the manhole is opened, the emission of vapor hydrocarbon would occur that will need certain on the site handling to minimize the impacts.
8.1.2 Best Management Practice or Non-technical Approach
Best Management Practice or BMP is action to be taken in order to eliminate or reduce the cause of the impacts from entering existing environment. It could also be mitigation measures after the impacts have already materialized in the receiving environment.
Managing Air Quality
Air quality could be managed also non-technically, by planting vegetation within the facility, minimizing the vapor loss from the system could lead to minimization of the impacts.
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Figure 8.14 Planting vegetation in coastal area in PITSA
Cleaning the Storage Tanks and Yard
The storage tanks should be cleaned every 5 years to remove the sludge that accumulated in the bottom of the storage tanks. During the process of cleaning, the gas emission may occur, which required an action to minimize the impacts.
Minimizing Impacts by Following Proper SOP
Downstream petroleum procedures such as transferring, storing, and distribution, are very well established, including the standard operating procedures (SOP) that has been developed over the years based on industry experience. Proper SOP was designed to ensure the safety of the operation of the system, which includes minimizing impacts to the workers and the environment. Some of the impacts such as spill of fuel during the loading and unloading of the fuel could happen because the SOP has not been followed properly.
Managing Leaking System
Leaking may occur in the tank and also pipe network, which should be managed by monitoring the system by detecting it and take any actions including shutdown to minimize loading of pollutant into the environment.
Table 8.1 Summary of Managing Leaking of Fuel
Source of Leaking Major Concern Mitigation Measures Applies proper SOP during the fuel transfer from tanker to tank Install and applies all necessary safety Managing Pipe Pipe Leaking instrument during the operation, especially Leaking during emergency situation Install information board or warning sign in the correct location
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Handle leaking pipe as soon as possible Repair the leak pipe according the proper standard Clean the impacted area Inspect and ensure good operating condition all the time Inspect and ensure all valves are functioning properly All pipes including valves and joints shall SOP be inspected by certified inspector after 5 years. Re-inspect the pressure and temperature tanks according to the procedures Inspect the oil-catcher system to ensure they are operating properly
Handling of Leaked Field inspector to inform about leaking to the Pipe loading crew to stop the pump and shutoff gate valve. Field inspection to detect the exact location of leaking pipe Fuel within the pipe will be removed carefully with the water Repair the leaked pipe with welding or Pipe Repair replacement if necessary Testing the repairmen section prior to re- operating Repair and testing prior to re-operating shall be conducted by certified contractors. The area already contaminated by fuel that leak, as soon as possible isolated the area and collect the fuel that spill in the ground surface by Cleaning the Impacted flushing into the drainage system via oil-catcher Area system to further separate the fuel from the water. The fuel is collected and treated
separately as B3 liquid waste that will be sent to Tibar holding system. The operator is responsible in inspecting the tank visually to identify any leak. All tanks Tank Leaking Monitoring shall also be inspected by a competent and certified inspector every 10 years in conformity with API 653.
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Major leaks will be detected using monitoring data between senders (tanker) and receiver (storage tank).
Risk assessment shall be conducted prior to the execution of the work to identify risk related to hot work condition. Appropriate procedures put in place to put the tank out of service prior to inspect and Managing Storage repair. Leaking Emptying the tank by removing the fuel into another empty tank Inspect the part the leaks Clean the part that leaks, specially flash the fuel with the water and discharge into the oil-catcher drainage system Visual inspection should be conducted by assigned staff. Source Detection Using the mass difference between the fuel Managing Leak sent and received during the loading Follow the proper procedure of loading and and unloading unloading system , example would be to Managing Leaks open and close the valve completely Repair and replace the part of the loading arm that s broken or leaks
Managing Solid Waste Domestic solid waste and sludge are two types of solid waste resulted from the operational of the fuel storage system. Managing domestic solid waste is straightforward by collecting and disposing them into Tibar Landfill facility. Sludge that is produced at the bottom of the storage tank after few years of operation contains heavy metal and should be treated differently by solidifying them prior to sending it to special landfill for hazardous waste.
Hazardous Waste Management As a standard practice, PITSA will be looking into qualified companies with proper facilities to handle the hazardous waste (Limbah B3 – Indonesian Acronym). The company will be responsible for transporting the waste out of PITSA’s facility and for proper demolition/storing of the waste. When a qualified company not available locally, PITSA will request for permit to handle and store their waste at a facility designated by the Government (most likely near Tibar landfill) with proper environmental mitigation procedures such as the provision of storage lined with permeable layer.
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In general, the quantity of hazardous sludge would be very small, only 0.05% of total tank volume. This sludge will settle at the bottom of the tank. In addition, there will be B3 waste from oil collected in the oil-water separator that will be treated the same. The procedure of collection and disposal has presented in the PITSA SOP, which has been summarized as follows:
Collection of B3 waste in the oil-waste catcher or separator
Collection of B3 waste at the bottom of tank, produced during tank clean up that is conducted every few years (usually once in 5 years or tank cleanings).
Storing of the B3 waste into special storage in PITSA facility
Deployment of the B3 waste to – (1) privately run facility or (2) government designated facility run by PITSA
Regardless of the modality, technological approach to treat hazardous waste would be to apply standard waste impoundment as shown in the following schematic figure.
Figure 8.15 Standard Liquid waste Collection System
Government rules in managing the problem: According to the decree law 2/2017, regarding the management of urban waste, the daily quantity of 1,100 L of waste would be the responsibility of municipal government to treat and project owner would collect and deploy to the government designated location. In this case, Tibar area where, government has already, designate the area for collecting the B3 – waste. However, this is only for the Recoverable lubricant oil. Other B3 waste should be dumped into the Septage treatment plant in Tibar. Concerning the daily volume from the facility of PITSA in Dili, the project owner will collect and deploy the B3 liquid waste to government designated area. However, the project owner will also be willing to do certain treatment, such as landfilling system, if government could provide space, or clear regulation on the responsibility of the project owner. 1. Project owner approach 2. Proposed project owner to Government for PITSA B3 – hazardous waste management
The following figure, provide an example of B3, liquid waste management that the project owner has implemented in the other location of operation in Indonesia.
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Figure 8.16 Example of B3 –Liquid waste management implemented by Pertamina in Indonesia
The system is design such that the hazardous waste will be retained with the facility and the solid part will be removed after the liquid part has evaporated.
8.1.3 Occupational Health and Safety Issue
The mitigation measures related to the occupational health and safety impacts as identified earlier are implemented by the project owner that follow the international best practice as recommended in IFC (2007) and ISO 8001. The following summary of the mitigation measures for all the impacts related to the OHS.
Mitigation Measures of OHS Related to General Work
General work means any work or concern related to the system operation as like any type of activity, that includes physical work, office building and facility, communication and training, as well as chemical and biological hazard. The following table provide the summary and mitigation measures.
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Table 8.2 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures of General OHS
Type of Main Concern Proposed Mitigation Measured Hazard/Important Factor Contributing to OHS General Facility Integrity of workplace Surfaces, structures and installations should be easy to clean and maintain, and not Design and structure allow for accumulation of hazardous compounds. Operation Buildings should be structurally safe, provide appropriate protection against the climate, and have acceptable light and noise conditions. Fire resistant, noise-absorbing materials should, to the extent feasible, be used for cladding on ceilings and walls. Floors should be level, even, and non-skid. Heavy oscillating, rotating or alternating equipment should be Located in dedicated buildings or structurally isolated sections. Workspace and exit The space provided for each worker, and in total, should be adequate for safe execution of all activities, including transport and interim storage of materials and products. Passages to emergency exits should be unobstructed at all times. Exits should be clearly marked to be visible in total darkness. The number and capacity of emergency exits should be sufficient for safe and orderly evacuation of the greatest number of people present at any time, and there should be a minimum two exits from any work area. Facilities also should be designed and built taking into account the needs of disabled persons. Fire Precaution Equipping facilities with fire detectors, alarm systems, and fire-fighting equipment. Provision of manual firefighting equipment that is easily accessible and simple to use Fire and emergency alarm systems that are both audible and visible Portable Water supply Adequate supplies of potable drinking water should be provided from a fountain
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with an upward jet or with a sanitary means of collecting the water for the purposes of drinking Water supplied to areas of food preparation or for the purpose of personal hygiene (washing or bathing) should meet drinking water quality standards Lavatory and Shower Adequate lavatory facilities (toilets and washing areas)should be provided for the number of people expected to work in the facility and allowances made for segregated facilities, or for indicating whether the toilet facility is “In Use “or “Vacant”. Toilet facilities should also be provided with adequate supplies of hot and cold running water, soap, and hand drying devices. Where workers may be exposed to substances poisonous by ingestion and skin contamination may occur, facilities for showering and changing into and out of street and work clothes should be provided Clean eating area Where there is potential for exposure to substances poisonous by ingestion, suitable arrangements are to be made for provision of clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to the hazardous or noxious substances Lighting Workplaces should, to the degree feasible, receive natural light and be supplemented with sufficient artificial illumination to promote workers’ safety and health, and enable safe equipment operation. Supplemental ‘task lighting’ may be required where specific visual acuity requirements should be met. Emergency lighting of adequate intensity should be installed and automatically activated upon failure of the principal artificial light source to ensure safe shut- down, evacuation, etc. Safe access Passageways for pedestrians and vehicles within and outside buildings should be segregated and provide for easy, safe, and appropriate access Equipment and installations requiring servicing, inspection, and/or cleaning should have unobstructed, unrestricted, and ready access Hand, knee and foot railings should be installed on stairs, fixed ladders, platforms, permanent and interim floor openings, loading bays, ramps, etc. Openings should be sealed by gates or removable chains Covers should, if feasible, be installed to protect against falling items Measures to prevent unauthorized access to dangerous areas should be in place
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First aid The employer should ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times. Appropriately equipped first-aid stations should be easily accessible throughout the place of work Eye-wash stations and/or emergency showers should be provided close to all workstations where immediate flushing with water is the recommended first-aid response Where the scale of work or the type of activity being carried out so requires, dedicated and appropriately equipped first aid room(s) should be provided. First aid stations and rooms should be equipped with gloves, gowns, and masks for protection against direct contact with blood and other body fluids Remote sites should have written emergency procedures in place for dealing with cases of trauma or serious illness up to the point at which patient care can be transferred to an appropriate medical facility. Air supply Sufficient fresh air should be supplied for indoor and confined work spaces. Factors to be considered in ventilation design include physical activity, substances in use, and process related emissions. Air distribution systems should be designed so as not to expose workers to draughts Mechanical ventilation systems should be maintained in good working order. Point-source exhaust systems required for maintaining a safe ambient environment should have local indicators of correct functioning. Re-circulation of contaminated air is not acceptable. Work environment The temperature in work, rest room and other welfare facilities should, during service temperature hours, be maintained at a Level appropriate for the purpose of the facility. Communication OHS Training Provisions should be made to provide OHS orientationtraining to all new and Training employees to ensure they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at / on the site and of personal Protection and preventing injury to fellow employees. Training should consist of basic hazard awareness, site-specific hazards, safe work practices, and emergencyprocedures for fire, evacuation, and natural disaster, as appropriate. Any site-specific hazard or color coding in useshould be thoroughly reviewed as
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part of orientation training.
Visitor Orientation If visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be present, a visitor orientation and control program should be established to ensure visitors do not enter hazard areas unescorted New staff training The employer should ensure that workers and contractors, prior to commencement of new assignments, have received adequate training and information enabling them to understand work hazards and to protect their health from hazardous ambient factors that may be present. Area signage Hazardous areas (electrical rooms, compressor rooms, etc), installations, materials, safety measures, and emergency exits, etc. should be marked appropriately Signage should be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors and the general public as appropriate Equipment Labeling All vessels that may contain substances that are hazardous as a result of chemical or toxicological properties, or temperature or pressure, should be labeled as to the contents and hazard, or appropriately color coded. Similarly, piping systems that contain hazardous substances should be labeled with the direction of flow and contents of the pipe, or color coded whenever the pipe passing through a wall or floor is interrupted by a valve or junction device Hazard Code Copies of the hazard coding system should be posted outside the facility at Communication emergency entrance doors and fire emergency connection systems where they are likely to come to the attention of emergency services personnel. Information regarding the types of hazardous materials stored, handled or used at the facility, including typical maximum inventories and storage locations, should be shared proactively with emergency services and security personnel to expedite emergency response when needed. Representatives of local emergency and security services should be invited to participate in periodic (annual)orientation tours and site inspections to ensure familiarity with potential hazards present Physical Hazard Rotating and moving Designing machines to eliminate trap hazards and ensuring that extremities are equipment kept out of harm’s way under normal operating conditions. Turning off, disconnecting, isolating, and de-energizing(Locked Out and Tagged
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Out) machinery with exposed or guarded moving parts, or in which energy can be stored (e.g. Compressed air, electrical components) during servicing or maintenance, in conformance with a standard. Designing and installing equipment, where feasible, to enable routine service, such as lubrication, without removal of the guarding devices or mechanisms Noise and Vibration No employee should be exposed to a noise level greater than85 dB(A) for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. In addition, no unprotected ear should be exposed to a peak sound pressure level (instantaneous) of more than 140 dB(C). The use of hearing protection should be enforced actively when the equivalent sound level over 8 hours reaches 85dB(A), the peak sound levels reach 140 dB(C), or the average maximum sound level reaches 110dB(A).
Electrical Marking all energized electrical devices and lines withwarning signs Locking out (de-charging and leaving open with a controlled locking device) and tagging-out (warning sign placed on thelock) devices during service or maintenance Checking all electrical cords, cables, and hand power toolsfor frayed or exposed cords and following manufacturerrecommendations for maximum permitted operating voltageof the portable hand tools Double insulating / grounding all electrical equipment used inenvironments that are, or may become, wet; using equipmentwith ground fault interrupter (GFI) protected circuits Protecting power cords and extension cords against damagefrom traffic by shielding or suspending above traffic areas Appropriate labeling of service rooms housing high voltageequipment (‘electrical hazard’) and where entry is controlledor Conducting detailed identification and marking of all buried electrical wiring prior to any excavation work Eye Hazard Use of machine guards or splash shields and/or face and eye protection devices, such as safety glasses with side shields, goggles, and/or a full face shield. Specific Safe Operating Procedures (SOPs) may be required for use of sanding
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and grinding tools and/or when working around liquid chemicals. Frequent checks of these types of equipment prior to use to ensure mechanical integrity is also good practice. Machine and equipment guarding should conform to standards published by organizations such as CSA, ANSI and ISO Provisions should be made for persons who have to wear prescription glasses either through the use over glasses or prescription hardened glasses.
Working environment Monitoring weather forecasts for outdoor work to provide advance warning of temperature extreme weather and scheduling work accordingly Adjustment of work and rest periods according to temperature stress management procedures Providing temporary shelters to protect against the elements during working activities or for use as rest areas Use of protective clothing Providing easy access to adequate hydration such as drinking water or electrolyte drinks, and avoiding consumption of alcoholic beverages Repetitive motion Facility and workstation design with 5th to 95th percentileoperational and maintenance workers in mind Use of mechanical assists to eliminate or reduce exertionsrequired to lift materials, hold tools and work objects, andrequiring multi-person lifts if weights exceed thresholds Selecting and designing tools that reduce force requirementsand holding times, and improve postures Providing user adjustable work stations Incorporating rest and stretch breaks into work processes,and conducting job rotation Implementing quality control and maintenance programs that reduce unnecessary forces and exertions Taking into consideration additional special conditions such as left handed persons Working at height Installation of guardrails with mid-rails and toe boards at the edge of any fall hazard area
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Proper use of ladders and scaffolds by trained employees Use of fall prevention devices, including safety belt and lanyard travel limiting devices to prevent access to fall hazard area, or fall protection devices such as full body harnesses used in conjunction with shock absorbing lanyards or self- retracting inertial fall arrest devices attached to fixed anchor point or horizontal life-lines Appropriate training in use, serviceability, and integrity of the necessary PPE Inclusion of rescue and/or recovery plans, and equipment to respond to workers after an arrested fall Illumination Use of energy efficient light sources with minimum heat emission Undertaking measures to eliminate glare / reflections and flickering of lights Taking precautions to minimize and control optical radiation including direct sunlight. Exposure to high intensity UV and IR radiation and high intensity visible light should also be controlled Controlling laser hazards in accordance with equipment specifications, certifications, and recognized safety standards. The lowest feasible class Laser should be applied to minimize risks. Personal Eye and face Safety Glasses with side-shields, protective shades, etc. Protective protection Equipment Personal Head protection Plastic Helmets with top and side impact protection. Protective Hearing protection Hearing protectors (ear plugs or ear muffs). Equipment Foot protection Safety shoes and boots for protection against moving &falling objects, liquids and chemicals. Hand protection Gloves made of rubber or synthetic materials (Neoprene),leather, steel, insulating materials, etc. Respiratory protection Facemasks with appropriate filters for dust removal and air purification (chemicals, mists, vapors and gases). Single formulate-gas personal Body/legs protection Insulating clothing, body suits, aprons etc. of appropriate materials.
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Mitigation Measures for OHS Related to Fuel Storage Operation
Besides the general requirement, there are also specific mitigation measures that are related directly to the operational of fuel storage system. Several important impacts that could possible arise during the operational would need to be mitigated according the best practice so that impacts would be minimum. The following table provide summary of the impacts and mitigation measures related to OHS hazard.
Table 8.3 Summary of OHS of Industry Specific of Fuel Storage System
Type of Hazard Main Concern Mitigation Measures Chemical Hazard Air quality Maintaining levels of contaminant dusts, vapors and gases in the work environment at concentrations below those recommended by threshold limit value—concentrations to which most workers can be exposed repeatedly (8 hours/day, 40 hrs/week, week-after week), without sustaining adverse health effects. Developing and implementing work practices to minimize the release of contaminants into the work environment including: Direct piping of liquid and gaseous materials Minimized handling of dry powdered materials; Enclosed operations Local exhaust ventilation at emission / release points Vacuum transfer of dry material rather than mechanical or pneumatic conveyance Indoor secure storage, and sealed containers rather than loose storage Where ambient air contains several materials that have similar effects on the same body organs (additive effects), taking into account combined exposures using calculations recommended by best standard practice Fire and Storing flammables away from ignition sources explosion and oxidizing materials. Further, flammables storage area should be: Remote from entry and exit points into buildings Away from facility ventilation intakes or vents Have natural or passive floor and ceiling level 144 | P a g e
ventilation and explosion venting Use spark-proof fixtures Be equipped with fire extinguishing devices and self-closing doors, and constructed of materials made to withstand flame impingement for a moderate period of time Providing bonding and grounding of, and between, containers and additional mechanical floor level ventilation if materials are being, or could be, dispensed in the storage area Where the flammable material is mainly comprised of dust, providing electrical grounding, spark detection, and, if needed, quenching systems Defining and labeling fire hazards areas to warn of special rules (e.g. prohibition in use of smoking materials, cellular phones, or other potential spark generating equipment) Providing specific worker training in handling of flammable materials, and in fire prevention or suppression Corrosive, Corrosive, oxidizing and reactive chemicals should reactive, and be segregated from flammable materials and from oxidation other chemicals of incompatible class (acids vs. chemical bases, oxidizers vs. reducers, water sensitive vs. water based, etc.), stored in ventilated areas and in containers with appropriate secondary containment to minimize intermixing during spills Workers who are required to handle corrosive, oxidizing, or reactive chemicals should be provided with specialized training and provided with, and wear, appropriate PPE (gloves, apron, splash suits, face shield or goggles, etc). Where corrosive, oxidizing, or reactive chemicals are used, handled, or stored, qualified first-aid should be ensured at all times. Appropriately equipped first-aid stations should be easily accessible throughout the place of work, and eye-wash stations and/or emergency showers should be provided close to all workstations where the recommended first-aid response is immediate flushing with water. Asbestos Asbestos containing materials should be left untouched and containing undisturbed. Asbestos is a risk to health when it is material disturbed in ways that produces dust that contains asbestos fiber. Asbestos containing material should be removed
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only by licensed professional Asbestos waste should be properly handled and disposed off. Fire and Design of All the component storage tanks and supporting facilities Explosion System to be designed and constructed based on API standard for fire prevention including the distance between the tanks, between tanks and adjacent facility/building, equipped with cooling water system (storage)
Implementation Proper application of standard operating procedure in of Safety loading and unloading fuel, including fail safe control Procedure in the valve and emergency shutdown equipment. operational Prevention of Proper grounding to avoid static electricity buildup and potential lightning hazards (including formal procedures for the ignition source use and maintenance of grounding connections) Use of intrinsically safe electrical installations and non- sparking tools Implementation of permit systems and formal procedures for conducting any hot work during maintenance activities,38 including proper tank cleaning and venting Preparation of Fire response Planning document fire response Training of using fire suppression and fire equipment plan Coordination with other local authority
Facility of fire Fire suppression with international standard hazard Mobile and portable equipment management Fire extinguisher Other specializing equipment Confined Space Storage Tanks Engineering measures should be implemented to (Inside) eliminate, to the degree feasible, the existence and Storage Tank adverse character of the mentioned confined spaces. Yard Permit-required confined spaces should be provided Secondary with permanent safety measures for venting, Containment monitoring, and rescue operations, to the extent Area possible. The area adjoining an access to a confined Backup Power space should provide ample room for emergency and Generator rescue operations Access hatches should accommodate 90% of the worker/population with adjustments for tools and protective clothing. The most current ISO and EN standards should be consulted/for design specifications Prior to entry into a permit-required confined space: Process or feed lines into the space should be
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disconnected or drained, and blanked and locked- out. Mechanical equipment in the space should be/disconnected, de-energized, locked-out, and braced, as/appropriate. The atmosphere within the confined space should be tested to assure the oxygen content is between 19.5 percent and 23 percent, and that the presence of any flammable gas or vapor does not exceed 25 percent of its respective Lower Explosive Limit (LEL). If the atmospheric conditions are not met, the confined space should be ventilated until the target safe atmosphere is achieved, or entry is only to be undertaken with appropriate and additional PPE. Safety precautions should include Self Contained Breathing. Apparatus (SCBA), life lines, and safety watch workers stationed outside the confined space, with rescue and first aid equipment readily available. Before workers are required to enter a permit-required confined space, adequate and appropriate training in confined space hazard control, atmospheric testing, use of the necessary PPE, as well as the serviceability and integrity of the PPE should be verified. Further, adequate and appropriate rescue and / or recovery plans and equipment should be in place before the worker enters the confined space
Mitigation Measures of OHS Related to Fuel Storage Decommissioning
The activities related to the OHS issue during the decommissioning phase involve removal and demolition of all the existing system, which could involve several types of hazard such as physical, chemical, biological and other general types of hazard that need to be mitigated.
Impacts Mitigation In the Case of Accidents
Given the OHS high risk nature of the facility, during the operational phase, there is always possibility that severe accidents might happen resulting in injuries or even fatality at the facility. The management of PITSA has made it clear that severe injuries of fatalities will be compensated according to the laws and regulations that are in effect in Timor Leste.
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8.2 Mitigation Measures during Decommissioning and Deactivation Phase
During the decommission and deactivation of the fuel storage, the greatest impacts and mitigation measures would to deal with economic and social loss, as the income to originally received by beneficiaries (company owner, worker, government, society) will stop and this create social impacts that needed to be resolved. However, decommission of this existing project means to relocate from the current project location to the new one that government of Timor Leste is considering. In this regard, the social and economic loss may not be significant, except from the project owner, to re-construct the new system with the new capital investment.
Other impacts related decommission activity would be the occupational health and safety hazard, where the EMP is summarized in the following table:
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Table 8.4 Impacts and EMP during Decommissioning and Deactivation
Impacts Source of Impact Mitigation /EMP From all the activity to decommission of Planning activities in consultation with local communities so that Noise and Vibration the facility and equipment activities with the greatest potential to generate noise are
Solid waste removal From the office building, equipment, etc. Proper collection and disposal
Contaminant or hazardous From special material such as PCB and material the like Proper handling of the hazardous waste
OHS All the activity of decommission Applies all the relevant standard Reform taxation by government Loss of income from the Government top engage other company to build a new plant company and government No production causes no income and no Government to engaged other foreign direct investment tax payment - Proper land treatment and remediation by PITSA during the decommission of the plant - If not waste that will be discharged into environment , the Land pollution over time the nature will get recovery From wastewater and solid waste
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9. GOVERNING PARAMETERS
As described earlier that the major environmental problem during the operation of fuel receiving, storing, and distributing facility is related directly to fuel that enter the natural environment via evaporation (vapor), fuel spill, and wastewater. The release of this contaminant will affect the air quality, water quality, and marine ecosystem.
The implementation of occupational health and safety is a required standard based on the international best practice as recommended in the ISO 18001 or IFC standard in 2007 in order to reduce the impacts and achieve the zero incident rate and fatality during each phase of project implementation. The community health and safety is also a concern and standard applicable method as applied in other places were identified and recommended for the adoption.
Nevertheless, governing parameters are used to quantify measurable environmental quality such that changes in environmental conditions can be compared to the baseline and ambient quality threshold. The important environmental baseline parameters that were measured are: Groundwater quality Marine water quality (multi- parameters) Air quality emission Marine ecological indicator
The following standards could be used as threshold value for environmental evaluation. The governing parameters with the threshold value propose is general which can be applied during the project implementation (operation and decommission). For instance, the air quality parameters threshold of NOx and SOx, which should be ambient quality limits, where the impact of the project to the threshold value of these gases should be no different between the operation and during the decommissioning phase. In other, the quality of air would be maintained at the same level all the time.
9.1 Emission
Emission or discharge from the proposed facility to the ambient environment (waterbody, soil, and air) consists of the following: Wastewater Greenhouse gas emission
In discussing emission standards, it should be noted that there are no national standards for emission currently in effect in Timor Leste. Therefore, international emission standards from other countries have to be adopted. Several types of emission standards are recommended for the facility as listed in the following table.
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Table 9.1. Emission Standards Recommended
No Element Source Recommended Standards Limit Value 1 Air Vehicular emission [IFC standards (2007) Gasoline Fueled Vehicles: Emission from CO: 1.0 gram/km dust and HC: 0.1 gram/km particulate matter NOx: 0.08 gram/km Vapor from storage tank Diesel Fueled Vehicles: Emission from CO: 0.5 gram/km machine that NOx: 0.25 gram/km operate within the HC+NOx: 0.3 gram/km processing plant PM: 0.025 gram/km
2 Water/wastewater Cleaning the tank IFC/WHO standards (2007) Storm runoff washed the oil spill within the facility Domestic wastewater
3 Noise Decommissioning of Indonesian Environmental demolishing the Ministerial Diploma No. structure 48/MENLH/11/1996 on Noise Level Standards IFC standard (2007) 4 Vibration Decommissioning of Indonesian Environmental demolishing the Ministerial Diploma No. structure 49/MENLH/11/1996 on Vibration Level Standards IFC standard (2007)
More detail on the threshold value is presented in the following tables, related to wastewater quality, and air quality.
Wastewater discharge guideline for Timor Leste has not being established. However, the following table shows some of the best approach guideline that has used in the absence of local guideline.
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Table 9.2 Wastewater Effluent Standards (IFC, 2007)
Table 9.3: Drinking water quality standard WHO
No Parameter Unit Standard* Physical 1 Turbidity NTU >3 2 Smell - - 3 Suspended Solid mg/L 80 4 Solid Waste - 0 5 Temperature 0C Natural 6 Oil Layer - 0 Chemical 1 pH - 6.5 – 8.5 0 2 Salinity /00 Natural
3 Total Amonia mg/L NH3-N 0.3
4 Sulfida mg/L H2S 0.03 5 Total Hydrocarbon mg/L 1 6 Total Fenol mg/L 0.002 PCB (polychlor 7 mg/L 0.01 biphenyl) 8 Surfactan (deterjen) mg/L LAS 1 9 Oil and Fat mg/L 5 10 TBT (tri butyl tin) mg/L 0.01 Soluble Heavy Metal 1 Mercury mg/L Hg 0.003 2 Copper mg/L Cu 0.05 3 Zinc mg/L Zn 0.1 4 Cadmium mg/L Cd 0.01 5 Lead mg/L Pb 0.05 Bacteriology 1 Total Coliform MPN/100 mL 1000
Moreover, the emission from the existing facility should be judged also against to the WHO ambient air quality standard.
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Table 9.4 WHO Ambient Air Quality Standard Guidelines
9.2 Ambient Environmental quality
The ambient environmental quality suggested that the natural or existing environmental quality prior to receiving the emission from the proposed facility. As the proposed facility will release the emission that will enter the existing ambient environment, degradation of ambient environmental quality will occur or parameters of the ambient quality will be elevated. The ambient environmental quality standards are normally set to ensure that by receiving loading from the facility will not cause significant change that will make ambient environmental quality becomes worse (above the standard) that affect usability of the specific environment. Ambient environmental quality consists of standards relevant to maintain good quality of air, water and soil. Marine ecological quality standard Marine water quality standard Drinking water quality standard Soil/land quality standard
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In relation to ambient air quality, project owner and regulatory agencies should measure the ambient air quality at least once a year and compare the results to the baseline survey in absence of the project. Recommended standards for ambient air quality are the Indonesian Government Regulation No. 41/1999. Water body found in the area is coastal water body and the recommended standards for the water quality is Indonesian Ministry of Environment Ministerial Decision (KepMen LH) Kep.51/MENLH/2004.
9.3 Occupational Health and Safety Standard
Recommended Occupational Health and Safety Standards for every project activity during the construction and during the operation should be followed. This includes: General construction health and safety standard applicable to general construction and civil work Occupational health and safety for industry specific of petroleum product storage and distribution Community Health and safety
The standard practice for the above mentioned health and safety standard, as recommended for specific industry.
Table 9.5 Summary of Recommended Standard on OHS
No Element OHS Recommended Standards 1 General Occupational Health and Safety ISO 18001 – Health safety Concern US Department of Labor – Occupational Safety and Health Administration PITSA Standard (if any but applies only when it is more stringent than the other international standard) IFC standard (2007) PITSA’s internal Standard Operational Procedure 2 OHS for Industry Specific of Petroleum ISO 18001 – Health safety Terminal US Department of Labor – Occupational Safety and Health Administration IFC standard (2007) 3 Community Health and Safety Indonesian Environmental Ministerial Diploma No. 48/MENLH/11/1996 on Noise Level Standards IFC standard (2007)
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10. MONITORING PROGRAM
Monitoring program is very important to ensure that proper mitigation measures that are listed are based on what have been implemented throughout the lifetime of the facility. The monitoring plans however, need to define the type of monitoring parameters and indicators use to perform the monitoring system.
10.1 Monitoring parameters and Indicator
As presented in the EIS that potential environmental quality degradation due to the presence of this project is proportional to the resource utilization that will lead to the amount and quality of waste and emission that will be released by the facility. The following list is the important parameters to be monitored related to the current operation and maintenance of the facility in each stage of development.
Wastewater discharge Air quality Water quality Incident and fatality rates Complaint rate (grievance) OHS standard
The indicator of the above mentioned parameters to be monitored would be important, as benchmark to evaluate what was put into the EMP and what is actually being implemented. Ultimately, this monitoring result is the true value of the release that received by the environment and one can re-evaluate the actual ambient environmental quality. The following table presents the monitoring program of the mentioned parameters during the stages of project implementation.
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Table 10.1: Frequency of Monitoring Program during the Project Operation and Maintenance Parameters Frequency of Monitoring Program (Impacts) Operation Decommissioning/deactivation - Monthly oil unloading report to contain information on the time of unloading from tanker to facility, volume of oil being unloaded, mitigation measures being General implemented and any spill or other accidents happen, - Monthly decommissioning activities report, to contain Requirement measures to address the accidents. information on all activities within that month, impacts generated - DNCPIA team directly observe unloading of fuel from and associated mitigation measures, any accidents happen and tanker to the storage tanks. measures to address the accidents. - Monitoring real time (hourly) of air quality parameter (CO2, Methane, SO2, NOx, and PM10) in once a year - Continue monitoring every hour during the decommissioning and Air Quality - Sample will be taken by PITSA or regulatory agency deactivation process until all the processes have completed within the facility to be measured by independent - Provide the final decommissioning report on the air quality to laboratory once a year PITSA and regulatory/government agencies Groundwater Grab sampling the groundwater quality measurement Quality after any major leak of fuel – every year - Monthly reporting requirement during the implementation Sea Water of decommissioning activities. Frequency of sampling Quality Two times a year (every six months), take grab sample should be decided prior to the commencement of the and measure the parameters in the accredited laboratory decommissioning to happen at least every three months. - Regular manual inspection to the outlet of oil-catcher system Monitored/measured the residual pollutant during the decommission and Wastewater - Grab sampling and measurement of the important fuel one six months after decommissioning to know that pollutant level is related parameter dropdown and not increasing Solid waste Every day and report every 6 months Every day Soil erosion None Inspection to the runoff quality at the drainage outlet - Every day and report if there is any indecent related to Every day and report if there is any indecent related to the work Incident rate the work Report to the relevant agency and PITSA on the general incident rate - Report to the relevant agency and PITSA on the general after the completion of the decommissioning phase
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incident rate every six months Complaint rate Monitor and record the number of complaint – every day or (grievance) month Monitor and record the number of complaint – every day or month - Monitoring climate parameters (Temperature, rainfall, Climate humidity) every day parameters - Report every six months OHS standard – - Monitored every day - Monitored every day Implementation - Report to management and relevant agency every year - Report to management and relevant agency every year Community - Monitored every day - Monitored every day health and - Report to management and relevant agency every year - Report to management and relevant agency every year Safety
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10.1.1 OHS Indicator
The health and safety indicators should also be cleared in order to provide a guidance during the implementation. The following table was adopted from PITSA target and best practice has always the put the safety as the main concern above everything else in their daily operation of the plant.
Table 10.2 Key Parameters Indicator of OSH
The level success of the implementation will always be judged against the performance indicator and this will provide guidance on the improvement required. 10.2 Monitoring Location
Monitoring location in general should be inside the facility, especially related to the process within the streamline. The following table shows the overall proposed monitoring locations and parameters.
Table 10.3 . Monitoring Location of the Environmental Parameter and OHS Parameters Location
OHS Within the affected area
wastewater At the outlet of drainage system (after the oil catcher) Groundwater quality Monitoring well Solid waste solid waste collection and measurement Climate change Sea level monitoring Air quality Within the project location Fuel spill and leaking detection Online and within the project location
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11. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
All the monitoring activities should be coordinated with relevant government agencies to ensure that the parameters being collected meet regulatory requirement in place for that particular set of parameters. After data have been collected, they should be submitted to relevant authority as previously noted in the above tables.
At a minimum, the reporting should cover: . Internal monitoring and inspection . Incident, accident and emergency reporting . Air quality report . Marine and groundwater qualities report . Training programs
The types of report, including formatting and reporting frequency should be coordinated with relevant authority. Per DNPCEI’s rules, however, the environmental license of the project is only valid for one year and should be renewed every year by reporting on an updated EMP. Therefore, at a minimum, once a year reporting should be required. The following table presents the reporting requirement, frequency and agency that will review the report.
Table 11.1 Frequency Reporting Requirement Frequency Monitoring and No Type of Report Report Agency Responsible Online (sensor online of piping system) - Report should be done 1. PITSA management Oil spill every month to be able to audit the 2. Ministry of Public Works 1 water consumption (DNSA – water supply ) 1. PITSA management Groundwater quality 2. Directorate National of report After any major oil/fuel spill or water quality and control 2 once a year (DNCQA) 1. PITSA Report should be done at least 2. Ministry of Health Wastewater discharge every 6 months but regular 3. Ministry of Public Works inspection should be conducted (Directorate National of 4 every day Basic Sanitation) Monthly report and annual report - PITSA management Solid waste but the data collection would be - Dili district 5 conducted on the daily basis administration Every six month – the Air quality measurement and monitoring will 1. PITSA 6 conducted at least once in 1 year 2. DNCPEI
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3. MOH Ambient Water quality Report should be submitted every 1. PITSA 7 (sea water) six month to DNCPEI 2. DNCPEI 1. PITSA Incident rate Every six month with monitoring 2. MoH 8 every day 3. SEPFOPE Complaint rate 9 (grievance) Every six month PITSA and committee 1. PITSA 2. MoH OHS standard Every six month but monitoring 3. SEPFOPE 10 in a daily basis 4. Local police department 1. PITSA and Parent Community health and company (P.T. Pertamina) 11 Safety Every six month 2. MoH
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12. RESPONSIBILITIES FOR MITIGATION AND MONITORING
As previously noted in Section 3.2 Relevant Institutional Aspects, the following agencies within the government (Table 12.1) are responsible for environmental, social and economic safeguarding from impacts generated by the project. Implementation of the Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plans, however, is solely the responsibility of project proponent, which is PITSA. Institutions listed in Table 12.1 are those that should ensure that PITSA implement its responsibilities.
Table 12.1. Relevant Institutions and Their Responsibilities No Responsibility Relevant Institutes 1 Environment and Nature Ministry of Development and Institutional Reform Protection (Terrestrial) (MDRI) – Vice Ministry of Development for Urban Planning, Housing, and Environment (DOHA) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAF) 2 Marine and Coastal Environment Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAF) 3 Public and Worker’s Health and Ministry of Health Safety 4 Fire hazard and emergency National Directorate for Civil Protection situation 5 Labor related problem State Secretary for Labor Protection and Training (SEPFOPE) 6 Wastewater quality control and Ministry of Public Works and Communication – standards Directorate of Basic Sanitation 7 Groundwater Monitoring program Ministry of Public Works and Communication – Directorate of Water Quality Control 8 Activities related to Oil and Gas ANPM and MPRM Industries
Coordination between project proponent and these institutions should happen right in the operational and decommissioning phases. 1. Operation and Maintenance . NDPCEI: to receive report on mitigation and monitoring measures in place for mitigation of environmental impacts during Operation and Maintenance. To inspect and coordinate on evaluating the effectiveness of previous mitigation measures implemented during the operation. Effective mitigation measures should be continued while those that are not effective should be adjusted. . NDPRB: to receive report (either directly or through NDPCEI) on mitigation and monitoring measures that are relevant to the protection of the biodiversity resources of the nation. Under the coordination of NDPCEI, inspect and coordinate on evaluating the effectiveness of previous mitigation measures relevant to biodiversity resource protection.
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. DNCQA (Ministry of Public Works) to monitor the groundwater quality within the project facility and the company to report quality regularly to DNCQA, especially after a major incident of fuel spill and major leak with major fuel spill. . Civil Protection: in coordination with ANPM, conduct initial testing of firefighting equipment, implement fire drill and coordinate on evaluation of emergency preparedness and evacuation plans. . SEPFOPE: coordinate on workers’ health and safety issue including the need to wear workplace protection and the kind of workplace protection needs to be provided for this type of work. Also coordinate on contract preparation and other labor-related issues.
MSS, MOP, Civil Protection, and SEPFOPE: as a large fuel storage system in Timor Leste that could have a risk of significant industrial accident to occur in the complex, such as fire. Therefore, a large scale emergency preparedness plan should be prepared
2. Decommissioning Phase . PITSA will propose to MoJ that the facility will be permanently shut down or decommission to elsewhere and therefore the land will be transferred to the government of Timor Leste. . Report to DNPCEI regarding mitigation and monitoring measures in place for mitigation of environmental impacts during the decommissioning phase. To coordinate on evaluating the effectiveness of previous mitigation measures implemented during deactivation. Effective mitigation measures should be continued while those that are not effective should be adjusted. To coordinate for inspection during decommissioning process. . Report to NDPRB (either directly or through NDPCEI) on mitigation and monitoring measures that are relevant to the protection of the biodiversity resources of the nation. Under the coordination of NDPCEI, inspect and coordinate on evaluating the effectiveness of previous mitigation measures relevant to biodiversity resource protection. . SEPFOPE: coordinate on workers’ that already unemployed and actively coordinate with other agencies to help issue. In addition to this role, the SEPFOE to also ensure that proper unemployed compensation will be given by PITSA to worker . MSS to provide certain assistance to the worker who are affected by the closing of the project activity
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13. EMERGENCY PLANS
PITSA, as presented earlier, is part of an established company [PT. Pertamina (Persero)] running large fuel storage operation where proper emergency plans have already been developed and tested internally that defines the type of emergency and provides plans and guidelines on how to response to emergency situations. Emergency situations could potentially cause damage to the inventory and assets that could further cause interruption of normal operation of the fuel supplies in Timor Leste. Emergency situation that the facility may encounter during the operation can be identified as follows: - Fire - Large Scale of oil spill inland and in the water - Natural disaster - Disruption of conditions caused by the riots such as terrorist attack and civil unrest that cause a major interruption in the safety of the operation of the facility
Emergency prevention and response is a responsibility of all the workers, company management and local people. However, to be able to properly respond to an emergency situation, the following factors should be considered: - Required readiness of emergency preparedness - Supporting facility to response to emergency situations - Well-trained emergency response team - Evacuation route and clear organizational structure in responding to the emergency PITSA has produced internal guidelines on Emergency Response (Guidelines A-003/CEO- 00/2016). The Guidelines cover procedures for handling of emergency related to all emergency situations identified above. The Guidelines layout step by step procedure for the response to the above types of emergency, contains the organizational chart (see Figure 13.1) and list of phone numbers that should be contacted in the event of emergency.
13.1 Classification of Emergency and Legal Framework To properly plan and prepare certain actions in responding to emergency situations, it would be important to classify the emergency condition and legal regime to be followed in managing the emergency conditions. For internal use PITSA has classified the type of emergency based on the impacts and internal capacity to response and recover in an emergency situation. . Emergency level I: Minor emergency that only cause impact in the internal PITSA that can be handled internally. Example would be a pump that catches the fire. . Emergency level II: Major emergency conditions where PITSA is not able to handle the condition internally and required external assistance but the impacts still only affect the internal facility.
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. Disaster: Major emergency condition that has internal and external impacts and PITSA cannot handle and need immediate help from higher authorities such as government agencies. Example would be large scale of oil spill in land or in water, major fire in the storage tanks that involve large volume of fuel and the fire becomes uncontrollable. Knowing the type of emergency would provide essential information for project owner to properly provide an emergency action plan, include resources needed to prevent or mitigate the emergency condition and help recover the facility back to normal operation. The legal framework of emergency preparedness and action plan would refer to ANPM Regulation No. 1/2016 on the Installation and Operation of Storage Facility.
13.2 Structural Organization of Emergency Response The organizational structure dedicated to Emergency Response is one of the important factors in managing emergency events. With clear organizational structure, it will be easy to coordinate people, resources, and who is doing what in which type of emergency circumstances. The following organizational structure of PITSA shows the readiness of PITSA in responding the emergency event that may have impact negatively to the operational of the facility.
Figure 13.1 Organizational Structure of Emergency Response Unit in PITSA
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Detail of roles and responsibilities of the overall organization and personnel in the emergency condition including the recovery actions are provided in the internal guideline document on the emergency preparedness and response policy and procedure.
13.3 Strategic of Emergency Response and Available Resources
In order to successfully manage the emergency situation, a good strategic plan that supported by proper resources, would be the key. For fuel storage business related emergency situation caused by fire and explosion would be considered the major one and the probability to occur would be reasonably high. Given this fact and condition, the strategy must be designed to properly handle the emergency situation caused by fire. Moreover, resources requirement to response the emergency due to fire would be top priority in the emergency management plan.
Therefore, PITSA has developed the pre-fire drill on the potential large fire-explosion within the storage yard, and procedure of responding to the large scale of fire explosion within the storage tank yard. The following figure, present the map of event within the storage tank yard and procedure of response system.
Figure13.2 . Pre-Fire Drill Layout within the Storage Yard
The response procedure is presented in the following table.
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Table13.1 Procedure of Emergency Response Due to Fire in the Storage Tank
TIME SCENARIO Fire occurs at T.04 and found by Security Patrol Officer. Security Officer 00:00 immediately try to extinguish using the closest apparatus, but fail and proceed to ring fire bell, then inform the Security Post using Handy Talkie (HT). Incident Commander report the incident to Deputy Emergency Response Commander (Deputy ERC) that fire has not been able to be contained with PORTABLE FIRE 00:05 EXTINGUISHER and is getting larger, and request that Deputy ERC activate the Emergency Response Team (ERT) to take on positions according to their assigned function, Deputy reports to ERC and declares Emergency Situation. Incident Commander instructs product pump division to close valve leading to tank and shut down product pump.
Incident Commander immediately instructs On Scene Commander to implement coling off of surrounding tanks. 00:15 On Scene Commander instructs Fire Extinguishing Pump Operator to turn on Fire Extinguishing Pump. On Scene Commander instructs fire brigade to open valve to water sprayer at tanks surrounding tanks (tanks No. 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6). ERT moves according to its assigned functions:
1. Personnel Evacuation Coordinator evacuates personnel that are not involved in emergency response to safe gathering place, and immediately head count all the workers.
2. Vehicle Evacuation Coordinator immediately evacuates vehicle still parked within the facility to safe location. 00:45 3. Document Evacuation Coordinator immediately evacuates important documents to safe gathering place (designated safe gathering place is in the front yard of the office complex.
4. Security Officer closes entry door and secure it, keeping journalists or other irrelevant parties away, only those with clearance to enter from the ERC can enter the facility area.
Incident Commander instructs On Scene Commander to continue extinguishing activities by implementing the smothering and cooling strategy, with 3 Fire Extinguishing groups 01:00 (putting out hose and start cooling of tank where fire is occurring, T.04) with assistance from fire brigade of Dili District.
Fire begins to wind down, On Scene Commander reports to Incident Commander that fire has been extinguished and that all personnel in safe condition.
01:45 On Scene Commander instructs Fire Extinguishing Pump Operator to ensure that all Fire Extinguishing Pumps and all Fire Extinguishing groups to put back all equipment that has been used.
02:00 Incident Commander reports to Deputy to be later transmitted to the ERC that fire has
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been put down, ERC declares that emergency situation has been successfully solved and instruct Incident Commander to ring safe alarm.
Emergency Response Commander instructs all workers to get back to position, and instruct Incident Commander to secure the location where fire has occurred for further investigation.
This general procedure of fire management can also be applied to other small scale of fire explosion in the pipe, valve, filling shed, and other area. During this situation all the workers and visitors, except the firefighter team should be already evacuated home or at the safe area.
The following table presents the specification of storage tanks that are prone to the fire explosion. Table 13.2 : List of Asset that should be a concerned of fire –explosion TANK 01 TANK 02 Roof : Cone Roof Tank Roof : Cone Roof Tank Diameter & Height : 14,64 m & 7,41 m Diameter & Height : 14,64 m & 7,37 m Capacity : 1.200 KL Capacity : 1.200 KL Protection System : 1 Unit Water Deluge Protection System : 1 Unit Water Deluge : Bund Wall : Bund Wall Product : Pertamax Product : Pertamax Process Data : Fuel storage Process Data : Fuel storage TANK 03 TANK 04 Roof : Cone Roof Tank Roof : Cone Roof Tank Diameter & Height : 14,64 m & 7,37 m Diameter & Height : 14,64 m & 7,36 m Capacity : 1.200 KL Capacity : 1.200 KL Protection System : 1 Unit Water Deluge Protection System : 1 Unit Water Deluge : Bund Wall : Bund Wall Product : Solar Product : Pertamax Process Data : Fuel storage Process Data : Fuel storage TANK 05 TANK 06 Roof : Cone Roof Tank Roof : Cone Roof Tank Diameter & Height : 7,47 m & 6,16 m Diameter & Height : 7,47 m & 6,16 m Capacity : 220 KL Capacity : 220 KL Protection System : 1 Unit Water Deluge Protection System : 1 Unit Water Deluge : Bund Wall : Bund Wall Product : Pertamax Product : Pertamax Process Data : Fuel storage Process Data : Fuel storage
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The minimum resources requirement to comfortably solve the fire-explosion issue is found in the following table. Table 13.3. List of Available Fire Equipment of PITSA
FIRE EQUIPMENT NEEDED FOR FIRE AT TANK NO. 04 DILI DEPOT
NO JENIS ALAT JUMLAH SATUAN KETERANGAN A. COOLING TANGKI TIMBUN NO. 04 1 Nozzle 1,5" 4 UNIT For tank cooling off
2 Fire Hose 1,5" 4 ROLL
3 Wye Piece 2 UNIT
4 Pillar Hydrant 1 UNIT
B. COOLING OF SURROUNDING STORAGE TANKS (TANK 1, TANK 2, TANK 3, TANK 5, and TANK 6)
1 Water Sprayer 5 UNIT Tanks1, 2, 3, 5, dan 6
C. COOLING OF SURROUNDING STORAGE TANKS (TANK 1, TANK 2, TANK 3, TANK 5, and TANK 6) IF WATER SPRAYER FAIL 1 Nozzle 1,5" 12 UNIT
2 Fire Hose 1,5" 12 ROLL
3 Wye Piece 6 UNIT
4 Fire Hose 2,5" 2 UNIT
5 Pillar Hydrant 3 UNIT
6 Reducer 2,5" to 1,5" 0 UNIT
D. EXTINGUISHING WITH FOAM Only 1 unit of existing pillar hydrant can be used for foam because the other pillar hydrant is used for 1 Foam Portable capacity 225 lpm 2 UNIT water sprayer.
2 Fire Hose 2,5" 4 ROLL 2 pillar hydrants are needed. 3 Pillar Hydrant 1 UNIT
4 Foam Liquid 2.303 Liter
E. WHEN THERE IS SPILL FIRE 1 Foam Portable capacity 225 lpm 1 UNIT
2 Fire Hose 2,5" 2 ROLL
3 Pillar Hydrant 1 UNIT
4 Foam Liquid 180 Liter
Fuel storage facility has not been equiped with with Foam Chamber. Refering to standard NFPA 11, Tanks No. 01 to 04 have to have at least the fixed foam system. Fire equipment still needs to be doubled up including the total fire extinguishing water needs.
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FIRE EXTINGUISHING STRATEGY FOR FIRE AT TANK NO. 04 DILI FUEL STORAGE
Response Tactical Priority: 1. Fire Protection with application of foam nozzle from foam line inductor to tank where fire occurs. 2. Exposure Protection with water cooling application to surrounding areas using water deluge for each exposed tank. Nozzle stream from Fire Hydrant as additional cooling to tank where fire occurs. 3. Rescue, implemented when there is victim that can still be rescued from the fire incident, when victim cannot be rescued or where the rescue actions can mortally harm rescuers, then the action should not be implemented.
Table 13.4 fire extinguishing strategy for fire at tank dili fuel storage No. Action Equipment Number of Personel 1 Personnel that found the fire should PORTABLE FIRE 1 extinguish fire with PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER 20 lbs EXTINGUISHER when fire is small. 2 When fire is larger, immediately report to 1 Operation Manager & HSE, sound fire alarm. 3 Pump Operatorturns on Fire Extinguishing 1 Pump 4 Fire Brigade Group opens water sprayer Valve keys 3 valves at tanks No. 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 5 Fire Extinguishing Group proceed to Fire - Nozzle 1,5" (4 unit) - Fire Brigade Hydrant at the west of the filling shed to - Fire Hose 1,5" (4roll) - TBKD 1 Team cool off tank where fire occurs - Wye Piece (2 unit) - Hose key (4 unit) 6 If water sprayers at tanks 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 do - Nozzle 1,5" (12 unit) - TBKD 2 Team not provide adequate cooling off, mobilize - Fire Hose 1,5" (12roll) - External other Extinguishing team to activate - Wye Piece (6 unit) Assistance hydrants at the West of Tank 5, north of - Kunciselang (12 unit) Tank 3 and East of Tank 1
13.4 Emergency response plan The emergency response plan is a specific action to be taken in responding to certain type of emergency.
. Emergency response procedures for oil spill and hazardous and toxic waste Oil spill may occur within the three location or spot points (Storage tank, leak in pipe, and refueler station or areal filling shed. If the spill is minor, then designated person must try to stop the spill (source) by closing valve of the source and isolate the areal that contaminated to be neutralized such that spread of the impact would be small. Then the person must report to HSE unit to further produce the report and taken necessary action.
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If the spill is uncontrollable, then it becomes major emergency and immediately report to the high authority within the organizational structure and the emergency response should be activated. In this case, all the operation of the fuel business should be suspended to focus on the emergency response system.
Similar response should be taken on the Hazardous and Toxic Waste type of pollution spill within the project area, where designated person would try to stop the spill and isolated the impacts area. Then report to the HSE unit for further action. If the impacts is large that will affect the integrity of the operational of PITSA’s facility, then the operation should be suspended temporarily until the emergency situation has been handled.
The following figures show procedural steps for handling of oil spill and spill of Hazardous and Toxic Waste.
Figure 13.3 Procedural Steps for Oil Spill on Water
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Figure 13.4 Procedural Steps for Oil Spill on Terrestrial Location
. Fire
If it is small fire, then the person who sees the fire, should immediately put down the fire by using the nearest fire hydrant or other fire apparatus in the location. Then report to HSE unit to asses and report the incident for future action. If the fire is large, where the operation of the system shall be suspended, then the emergency should be declared and external help should be taken such as contacting the city fire department. In case, the fire shall occur, not during the office hour, then the security who always standby in the project area should inform the relevant authority within the organization to taken an action if the fire is large, in which the security team cannot handle or kill the fire.
Procedural steps in emergency events due to fire are given in the following for four major types of fire incidents. More information of the procedural steps in emergency events are provided in Annex
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Figure 13.5 Procedural Steps for Fire in Storage Tanks
Figure 13.6 Procedural Steps for Fire along Pipeline
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Figure 13.7 Procedural Steps for Fire on Tank Truck
Figure 13.8 Procedural Steps for Fire on Filling Shed
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. Disaster due to force majeure
There could be an event that could be considered as force majeure that may force the operation to be suspended and may be considered as an emergency. Although no historical record on certain natural disaster such as tsunami, earthquake, flooding (major rain events such as 100-year flood) around project area, the emergency response should be prepared in case it occurs. In this type of natural disaster, the operation of the fuel business must be suspended. All the workers within the facility should evacuate through the emergency route and find a safe place.
There is also man-made force majeure such as civil unrest and terrorist attack that affect the operational of the fuel storage. The event could be nearby the facility or within the city of Dili overall. If it is not safe, then the operation should be suspended, situation observed and decision made regarding further steps. Reporting to the higher authority within PITSA should be done in order to better coordinate the action taken necessary.
13.5 Simulation and communication
Simulation and communication are very important aspects of emergency plans and implementation of the plans during the actual emergency situation. Simulation should be regularly conducted in order to get familiar to the type of emergency situation, including the readiness of personnel to handle the emergency situation. Although PITSA’s Guidelines require simulation to be conducted once a year, per regulatory authority (ANPM) recommendation, simulation should be conducted within PITSA facility once a month to prepare all employees on the type of possible emergency situation that may occur.
13.6 Evacuation Route
Evacuation route map is important to be provided in order to guide the workers as well as visitors within the project area during the emergency situation such as large fire explosion. Using the evacuation route map once can moved from the danger zone to the assembly point, that consider relatively safe from the danger. The following map show the evacuation route map, where the major emergency situation that will be faced by the project is large fire explosion, which according to the pre-fire drill map, will occur within the storage yard. Therefore, this storage yard is considered as confined space and should be avoided, particularly during the emergency situation such as large fire explosion.
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Figure 13.9. Evacuation Route Map within the Fuel Storage Area
During the emergency situation, once the alarm is activated, the workers and visitors should be directed to the above indicated safe zone, while waiting for the further comment from the emergency commander in chief.
13.7 Report After emergency The report on the type of emergency done by the relevant officer to the head of emergency and send the report to emergency response commander. The report should become a basis to conduct an investigation to find out the cause of emergency and provide recommendation on any action required to prevent or avoid the similar type of emergency situation in the future. Further detail on the emergency management procedure, can be found in the PITSA internal regulation on the emergency planning, preparedness, response, and recovery system.
13.8 Previous Emergency Situation
Recently, an emergency situation occur on July 25, 2015 resulting in one fatality. Family of the victim from the emergency has been compensated according to laws and regulations in effect in Timor Leste.
In the future, as an anticipation of possible emergency situation, PITSA has improved its system as follows: Conduct facility inspection more frequently, including preventive maintenance Conduct review of Standard Operation Procedure Improve the control of Working Permit System and Job Safety Analysis Conduct safety induction for all visitors coming into the location of PITSA Implement routine emergency drill at higher frequency than before.
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14. DECOMMISSIONING PLAN
Project owner with the Government of Timor Leste is in the process of site selection for the future fuel storage relocation of PITSA’s existing facility. The future site will likely be in Liquica area. The Pantai Kelapa storage facility will be decommissioned as all activities will be relocated to the Liquica area.
Timeline of the decommissioning stage is not cleared at the moment as government of Timor Leste has not decided on the new project location. However, presumably, decommissioning will occur within three years’ time so the project owner is required to provide a plan on how to re- locate from the existing project site to the new one.
14.1 PITSA Decommissioning Policy
PITSA defined decommissioning as a legal responsibility to the company when an installation or facility and all equipment inside it is not in use anymore due to aging, productivity, efficiency or safety factors (e.g. equipment is not operable). When all installation including storage tank, jetty, warehouse and office building cannot be in use anymore, than PITSA has to make sure that isolation or demolition of the installation and equipment is done in secure and safe fashion and that all residue produced from the process are handled in safe condition from the Health, Safety, Security and Environmental aspects.
PITSA’s policies regarding steps involved in decommissioning of facility are as follows: a. Risk Identification – assessment of risks related to decommissioning of installation/equipment of all installation at the storage. Consideration of HSSE aspects is an important part of the assessment. b. Isolation Process – an isolation process of the installation/equipment should be conducted according to safety procedure coupled with the Safe Work Permit. The isolation process including release of gas or other toxic vapor shall be done by certified contractor. c. Power disconnection and other disconnection of electrical apparatus shall be done by certified contractor. d. Handling and disposal of waste/residue from installation and equipment such as storage tank plat, piping, jetty piling and other materials should be conducted through waste reduce, re-use and recycle principles. e. Procedures for handling of Hazardous and Toxic Waste should be put in place for handling of contaminated solid or liquid waste. f. When installation/equipment is relocated for re-use proposal, all relocation should be handled by certified contractor.
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14.2 Audit of Existing Asset
Auditing of the existing assets, specially non-moveable ones, such as storage, jetty, piping, office, and other supporting facility is important to understand the current condition and identify further actions that are appropriate given the re-location plans. Knowing the current condition of the asset will help the project owner to decide if particular asset should be disposed or demolished or reuse in the new location.
Jetty and supporting facilities will be completely demolished, as they are already too old and corroded in various parts of the jetty such as pile support and cat walk. The storage tanks, with the total number of 6 tanks were constructed over 30-years ago and according the current assessment have already corroded in many parts such as in the roof, wall, etc., which already over the limit of the lifetime. Due to the condition of the storage tanks, decommissioning will essentially demolish the tanks and recycle the metal frame. Other piping systems could be reused, if they are in reasonably good condition. The following table provides the status of main components of the storage facilities, with the status of potential reuse or disposed.
Table 14.1 List of Main Component of PITSA Fuel Storage Facility No Component Condition 1 6 Storage Tanks Good but already old and over the lifetime design. To be disposed. Still can be used but the concreate pile support already broken and/or corroded, which need a significant investment to rehabilitate the jetty. Jetty itself cannot relocate so need to be demolished 2 Jetty during the decommissioning. Some pipes are well maintained. Good condition pipes potential for 3 Piping System re-use in the new facility. Fire hose, fire truck and other fire-fighting equipment are in fair 4 Fire Protection System condition. Potential for re-use in new facility. 5 Backup Power Genset are brand new and can be reused. 6 Refueler System Refueler system is in fair condition. Potential for re-use. Supporting Facilities 7 (office, houses, etc.) Should be demolished during the decommissioning phase.
14.3 Scope of Decommissioning Plan
Major work items in the decommissioning process are as follows: 1. Storage tank decommissioning 2. Piping system decommissioning 3. Jetty decommissioning 4. Buildings decommissioning
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14.3.1 Storage Tank Decommissioning
Risk Assessment Decommissioning process of storage tank shall be started with a Risk Assessment coordinated by the HSSE Unit within PITSA. This assessment shall result in the identification of risks by activities inherent in the decommissioning of the storage tanks. Risks identified should be categorized into 3 types – Low Risk, Medium Risk and High Risk. An example of the risk assessment form is provided in the following figure.
Figure 14.1 Sample of Risk Identification Form
Preparation of Job Health, Safety, and Environment Analysis (JHSEA) After risks have been identified, the HSSE Unit under PITSA prepare the Job, Health, Safety, and Environment Analysis (JHSEA). The JHSEA describes all steps involved in the works and determine appropriate mitigation measures that should be defined by the hierarchy of - (i)
178 | P a g e elimination, (ii) substitution, (iii) engineering, (iv) administrative and (v) use of PPE. The use of PPE is the last options in the hierarchy, therefore it should be recommended after all other options have been assessed. A sample of the JHSEA form is provided in the following figure.
Figure 14.2 Sample of JHSEA
Purging of Hydrocarbon Gasses Specific for storage tank decommissioning, Operational and HSSE Units are responsible for purging of hydrocarbon gases from the tanks. This process can be done – (i) manually by opening the manhole of the tank allowing the gasses to naturally evaporate; or (ii) filling the tank with inert/safe gasses such as Nitrogen which will force the hydrocarbon gasses out. When gas purging is conducted, the tanks should already be empty of fuel.
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PPE apparatus that are commonly utilized in the Storage Tank Decommissioning are listed in the following table. Table 14.2 Commonly Used PPE Apparatus No Type Recommendation for Specification 1 Wear pack (Coverall) Should be made from nylon to reduce static electricity generation. Spotlight has to be installed on the wear pack. Contaminated wear pack (fuel or vapor) has to be washed thoroughly before next use. 2 Eye Protection Eye protection types include safety glasses or safety goggles. Eye protection has to be used by workers that are exposed to risk to eye injuries such as working with particulate matter, hydrocarbon vapor, chemical spray, fire or gas burn and high intensity light in wielding works. 3 Ear Protection Ear protections reduce the intensity of sound that are generated during the decommissioning work. Ear protection is mandatory when noise reach more than 85 dB. Types of ear protection can be ear muff or earplug. Ear protection should be a complimentary mitigation measure because it does not completely eliminate noise pollution. This measure should be implemented together with restriction of working time for workers exposed to noise level more than 85 dB. 4 Head Protection Safety helmet has to be in use during all of tank decommissioning work. Types of safety helmet recommended is one with jaw strap so it does not easily fall off during working activities. Head protection is especially needed for working in high elevation or when working condition allows for potential falling objects on top of workers. 5 Respiratory Protection Respiratory protection has to be utilized whenever a worker is working in areas where there is an accumulation of fuel vapor, for example, within the storage. Example of respiratory protection is full breathing apparatus that have to be routinely tested. All workers working in areas where there is fuel vapor has to have certification for working in confined space. Other types of respiratory protection is the catridge mask, which is only applicable for protection from particulate matter or toxic dust, however, can not be used for protection from fuel vapor. 6 Foot Protection Foot protection is mandatory for use when entering the restricted area within the PITSA facility. Foot
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protection protect the toes and foot from falling objects. Types of foot protection include safety shoes or safety boots. Recommended foot protection for use are those that also protect the ankle. 7 Hand Protection Hand protection should be in use when workers are exposed to hazardous material or are lifting heavy things. Types of hand protection are according to the hazard involved, for example, workers handling contaminated material have to utilize PVC gloves while those working with sharp objects have to utilize leather gloves.
Removal of Sludge After purging of gasses, isolation and removal of sludge from the bottom of the tanks should be conducted. Removal of sludge is conducted after all fuel that can still be used (on-spec) has been removed to temporary storage. Workers removing the sludge should only proceed with the removal after securing the Confined Space Working Permit. All workers should have certification to work in confined space. A sample of the Confined Space Working Permit is provided below.
Figure 14.3 Sample Form of Confined Space Working Permit
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Handling of sludge has a high risk of creating environmental impacts in the form of the release of the sludge into the environment. Therefore, it is important to implement proper procedure for handling as described in the following. Oil Spill Kit Oil Spill Kit can contain oil absorbent (pad sorbent), snake sorbent, rubber gloves, disposal bags and others. Oil Spill Kit has to be available at the nearest location to the storage tank and every workers involved in the sludge removal has to be proficient in the utilization (hence certification requirement). Isolation Areas around the storage tanks that are being emptied have to be isolated from access or continuation with the surroundings. This is done by emptying all other things surround the tanks and making sure that the piping connection has been disconnected. Pump Choice and Pumping Procedures Removal of sludge out of the tanks has to be done utilizing certain types of pumps, i.e. mechanical pumps, explosion proof). Pumps and hoses that are used should be bonded with the tanks to avoid generation of static electricity during the pumping of sludge. Throughout the pumping process, the use of water is recommended to thoroughly flush out the residue. Other types of pumps can also be used, for example the use of vacuum truck or diesel portable pump. These types of pumps, however, have to be used with standard rubber hose in fuel handling. Placement of the vacuum truck or pump has to be against wind direction with at least at least 4m away from the manhole. Exhaust pipe from the truck or pump has to have flame trap installed to prevent fire sparks. When utilizing diesel pump, temporary storage of the fuel or sludge has to be made of fire-proof material and are in well maintained condition (no leaks, not corroded). Inspection of the equipment has to be conducted before works. Sludge Dilution and Residue As previously noted, sludge can be diluted with water before pumped out to temporary storage. Note that even after sludge has been cleaned out, it does not mean that fire or explosion risk has been eliminated. There is always a risk of left behind residue of sludge or even fuel within the pores or areas between plates. This residue is an explosion hazard when temperature inside the tanks increase or when there are sparks within the tank. To prevent this from happening, stabilization process has to be implemented after sludge pumping.
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Tank Stabilization Stabilization of tanks can be done by implementing the following methods: a. Stabilization using inert gas (Inerting/Purging)
The objective of inerting/purging in storage tank (usually using Nitrogen gas) is to eliminate/reduce the concentration of O2 inside the tank. The presence of oxygen coupled with increase in temperature could lead to residue reaching the flammable limit. To prepare for inerting, manhole in the storage tank should be modified through the installation of an inlet pipe with a one-way valve that allows for the transmission of N2 into the tank. Outlet from the tank should remain through the venting system. Inerting is done by transmitting N2 steadily into the storage tank and opening the vent to allow for the release of air/O2 and other gasses from inside the tank at atmospheric pressure during the purging. To ensure that constant pressure can be maintained during transmission of N2, industrial grade N2 sourced from certified supplier should be used. A special N2 tank with valve and pressure gauge is a must. During the inerting/purging, air content within the storage has to be tested using a gas tester to assess the concentration of O2 that should be less than 5%. After concentration of O2 within the storage tank has reached the intended level, the process of inerting/purging should be stopped by closing the inlet pipe. b. Stabilization with Water
The most common stabilization method is using water, where water is filled through the upper manhole level to allow the disposing of oil or sludge residue through venting. Oil or sludge residue should be stored in a separate temporary storage. While water is pumped in, flammable vapor will escape through the venting system. Anticipation has to be put in place by activating all the HSSE precaution for fire protection. Contaminated water is produced from this process. This wastewater has to be processed (oil- water separation) before release into the environment.
Demolition of Tanks
Storage tanks are typically assembled of metal plates that are wielded together to form the tank. In demolishing the tanks, they should be cut using the cold cutting methods (hot cutting methods could lead to fire). An example of cold cutting methods is utilizing the hydraulic or pneumatic cutting methods. However, when these methods can not be implemented due to equipment or tank shape limitation, hot cutting methods can be implemented, for example using the oxygen/acetylene torches method or using the disc cutting. Prior to the conduct of cutting using the hot cutting method, Hot Work Permit should be secured from the HSSE Unit under PITSA. 183 | P a g e
Figure 14.4 Sample of Form for Hot Working Permit
Checking of flammable gases shall be conducted by an HSSE officer prior to the start of the hot cutting. Throughout the work, flammable gas content has to be continuously monitored using calibrated detector gas (see sample). Fire protection apparatus has to be ready for fire protection throughout the work.
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Figure 14.5Detector Gas MSA Altair 4X
Cutting should start from the top of the tank (roof), followed by shell plate cutting (wall) so that cutting are done safely. Removal of plates and other pieces should be conducted with crane with a lift capacity that is at least 150% of the burden. Crane and crane parts in use have to be certified as operationally sound. Crane has to be operated by experienced operator with proper license in operating the crane. During operation, crane operation safety has to be put in place by making sure that all safety lash has been fastened well and one crane attendant (in addition to crane operator) is present to assist in the process of material lift. Lifting of plates to other location has to be done during non-peak traffic hour with all safety consideration in place.
14.3.2 Piping System Decommissioning Dismantling of pipes at the fuel storage has to be done to prevent explosion or fire. During dismantling, all pipes have to be free from fuel vapor through inerting/purging or flushing using water. Pipe dismantling should always using cold methods. When hot methods can not be avoided, gas detector and fire protection always have to be in place with an HSSE officer in attendance. Used pipes that have been cut should be lifted and disposed off according to proper procedure.
14.3.3 Jetty Decommissioning Decommissioning of jetty has to go through special procedural steps because there is a need to protect the marine environment from getting polluted. Steps that need to be followed are generally as follows: a. Assessment of risk and coordination with relevant agencies for technical feasibility, pre-demolition surveys and demolition workplan. b. Preparation of equipment needed to prevent marine pollution (booms, silt curtain, etc.) c. Careful demolition of parts of the jetty and proper management of solid waste d. Implement Health, Safety and Environmental mitigation procedures.
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Demolition of Jetty Several fuel receiving equipment (HSE equipment) are useful during the jetty demolition process. Protective covering should be installed under the jetty at all times during the demolition to catch materials falling into the sea. Jetty has to be isolated with warning signs installed around it while Solid Harbour Boom should be installed around the structure to prevent any leakage from spreading widely into the surrounding areas.
Demolition should start in stages from the berth area along the catwalk toward the beach line. Demolition of jetty should be done by certified demolition crew. Rescue boat should stand by all the time to anticipate workers falling into the sea or any other emergency situation.
Waste Management Waste produced from jetty demolition usually consists of concrete residue, stones, ceramic material, steel, etc. These waste have to be classified into – (i) Hazardous Waste and (ii) Non- Hazardous Waste. Concrete and stone material will likely be dominant material from jetty demolition. This type of material can be disposed of at the landfill per permit from relevant agency with the government. Metal materials should be recycled as much as possible.
Potential Hazardous Waste include: 1. Asbestos usually forming the insulation, fire resistant sealing 2. Coated material, usually found at the guard rails 3. Phenols, usually at the coating area and area where there are adhesives
14.3.4 Building Decommissioning The decommissioning process of buildings include warehouse, offices and workers’ homebase will be done in stages similar to the decommissioning process of storage tanks. It is, however, a much simpler process. Nevertheless, decommissioning of buildings still have to pay attention to the HSSE aspects.
Initial Planning / Risk Assessment
Decommissioning works for buildings has fire and occupational accident risk. Therefore, PITSA’s standards have to be applied to ensure safe and secure demolition process. HSSE Unit should first conduct risk assessment, followed by the JHSEA where steps are identified to mitigate decommissioning risks. Mandatory PPE apparatus for building demolition activities include wearpack (coverall), head protection, eye protection, respiratory protection, hand protection and foot protection. Additional
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PPE apparatus include fall protection using full body harness or safety belt. Use of fall protection apparatus is mandatory when doing works 1.8m from construction ground. PITSA standard fall protection apparatus are provided in the following figure.
Figure 14.6 Fall Protection Apparatus
The contractor conducting the work should make sure that all equipment has undergone inspection and secure Safe Working Permit from competent authority at PITSA prior to implementing the demolition. Safe Working Permit should consist of Hot Work Permit, Cold Work Permit, Electrical Work Permit and Lifting Work Permit.
Building Demolition Process
The first thing that has to be conducted by contractor implementing the work is uninstalling electricity and water inside the buildings and warehouse. Those involved in this process have to be certified in electrical work. In principle, steps involved in electricity de-instalment are: a. Main switch has to be mechanically locked, when this can not be done, fuse has to be de-installed. At the switch gear or fuse box, a warning sign should be installed reminding people not to activate electrical connection. b. All cables have to be detached from the building’s structure including cables that are buried inside the structures. c. Main power from the power plant has to be detached, insulated with warning label put around it.
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After electrical detachment, contractor has to make sure that there are no flammable materials that can easily pick up fire. Hazardous material within the buildings has to be first secured away from inside the buildings. Demolition should start from the roof side utilizing heavy equipment or manually conducted. Specific for multi-story buildings, protective coverings have to be installed. The protective covering will also be used to protect surrounding buildings from damage. Materials for protective covering should be fire-proof material so fire hazard can be minimized. When roof demolition is done manually, additional equipment (scaffolding) has to be prepared. The next structural parts to be demolished are those parts made from woods such as windows and doors, including the frame. Demolition of walls has to be done in steps to ensure safety. All residue from the demolition has to be classified whether it falls into either the Hazardous and Toxic Waste or Non-Hazardous and Toxic Waste and handled accordingly.
14.3.5 Solid waste Management
The amount of solid waste resulted from the overall decommissioning program could be significant and require proper planning and handling. Solid waste generated could include: - Metal - Sludge - Concreate material - Wood - Plastic - Piping system Some of these solid materials may still be useful and could be recycled and reused. Other solid waste that has no economic value shall be disposed to the proper sanitary landfill area in Tibar.
14.4 Reclamation of Project Site and Transfer of Land
After removal of the component of the facility, the 3 HA of land becomes a vacant land. However, the project owner has a responsibility to perform land reclamation by grading and planting some trees. Coordination with the relevant line ministries is needed including the Land and Property Unit to transfer the asset back to the government of Timor Leste.
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14.5 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Decommissioning
Impacts and proposed mitigation measures have been described together with the step by step procedures for decommissioning of major parts of the facility. The following is a summary table of the potential impacts identified above and the recommended mitigation measures.
Table 14.3 Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures Activity Potential Receptor Environmental Management Plans Impacts Oil spill Soil, groundwater, - Implement risk assessment, identify possible source of spill Storage Tank marine water - Prepare spill kits Decommissioning - Properly implement isolation - Monitor process of emptying oil from the storage tanks Sludge Soil, groundwater, - All above measures are related to oil spill are applicable to sludge spill spill marine water - Implement sludge dilution (Hazardous - Proper choice of pumping technology & Toxic - Monitor process of emptying of sludge from the storage tanks Waste) - Proper handling of sludge residue – implement hazardous and toxic waste handling procedures Fire Workers, assets - Risk assessment to identify possible source of fire and explosion - Use of certain type of material and pump technology during sludge pumping to avoid creating condition that might lead to fire - Implement stabilization - Proper choice of cutting technology to avoid fire - Checking of flammable gas prior to cutting - Fire protection apparatus ready at all times OHS from Workers - Implement risk assessment working in - Ensure all workers have certification to work in confined spaced confined - Use of PPE special for working in high altitude
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spaces and high altitude OHS from Workers - Implement risk assessment hazardous - Ensure all workers have certification to work in confined spaced gases - Use of PPE for hazardous gas protection Piping System Oil spill Soil, groundwater, - Prepare spill kits Decommissioning during marine water - Implement inerting/purging properly dismantling - Monitor for spill Fire Workers, assets - Use cold method for pipe dismantling. - If hot method is being used, gas detector should be employed and fire protection apparatus and HSSE officer should always be present during the cutting Solid waste Soil, ground - Piling in localized area (pipe - Implement reduce, reuse and recycle before proper disposal to Tibar Landfill residue) Jetty Oil spill Marine water - Demolition done by certified demolition crew. Decommissioning - Implement risk assessment as part of planning for the work - Use of booms and other proper equipment to contain spill into the marine environment. - Proper stages of demolition (starting from berth area along the catwalk toward the beach Solid waste Marine water - Use of protected covering under the jetty at all times to catch materials (debris falling into the sea material) - Jetty has to be isolated with warning signs installed around it - Solid Harbour Boom should be installed around the structure to prevent any debris from spreading widely into the surrounding areas. - Proper handling of solid waste – classification, permit for disposal.
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Hazardous Soil, marine water - Crew for demolition should also be certified in proper identification and and Toxic handling of hazardous and toxic waste including asbestos, coated material and Waste phenols. - Hazardous and toxic waste should be separately handled from the rest of the solid waste OHS – Workers - Use of certified demolition crew worker - Use of PPE falling into - Rescue boat ready all the time during work. the sea Building Solid waste Soil, marine water - Classify all residue from building decommissioning into Hazardous and Toxic Decommissioning Waste and Non-Hazardous and Toxic Waste - Non- Hazardous and Toxic Waste should be assessed for suitability Reuse and Recycle - Implement protocol for proper handling of Hazardous and Toxic Waste OHS Workers - Proper staging of the work, starting from uninstalling the electricity and water from inside the building - Electrical detachment contractor has to be certified in carrying the work - Flammable material assessment - Use of proper protective covering
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15. CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING
PITSA is an international company with a strong commitment to sustainability in doing the business and one of the important factors to enhance the concept of sustainability is the development of local engagement through various programs. The first step towards achieving this objective is to train local operators on managing the fuel storage facility as well as the administration on the support system.
1. Training of Local Operator and New staff Around 30 employees are from local Timorese and they all have already gone through proper training program required by PITSA prior to full engagement in the working environment. The training composed of the technical know-how and administration issue related to the company vison and direction in doing business.
2. Training of Laboratory Staff Laboratory equipment and instrumentation are very important and integral part of the processing to ensure the quality and quantity of fuel delivering, storing, and distribution of fuel in Timor Leste. The operator of any instrument and laboratory equipment will require proper training prior to handover the full responsibility. PITSA is committed to train the technician and staff of laboratory to operate any necessary instrument and laboratory to support the operational of the facility.
3. Training of Hazardous and Safety Standard Training of the hazardous material and safety standard is a requirement for all the workers who perform a specific work under certain hazardous condition. The occupational health and safety will require short term training in order to make all the workers be informed on the occupational health and safety standard to be followed. This type of training will also be required for the visitor to at least be informed before entering the facility and utilized proper self-protection equipment.
4. Training on Environmental Management and Monitoring Program As noted under Section 5.7.1 Overall Management and Monitoring Responsibilities and Activities, the environmental management and monitoring program is under the responsibility of the Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Division which is directly under the management of PITSA. HSE division is headed by an officer with environmental engineering background. The rest of the staff are recruited locally and been provided with necessary training in the implementation of environmental management and monitoring measures.
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5. Training on Environmental Monitoring Program
PITSA staff who will be involved in monitoring the EMP would also require training program, in the basic environmental issue and method of monitoring program. The objective is to get familiar of the parameters of the environmental monitoring program that will help him/her in the implementation.
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16. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND STAKEHODER ENGAGEMENT
Decree law no. 5/2011 on environmental licensing in Timor Leste requires every major project to conduct public and community consultation, as part of the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) study. The purpose of the consultation is to inform the public and community on the development of the project, so that public stakeholders and the community are aware of the upcoming activities and can provide input as well as meaningful contribution to monitor impacts to the environment and the community.
Particularly, relevant public agencies those are familiar with the nature of the project and potential impacts that may arise and related to their roles and responsibilities. The awareness of these potential impacts are very important not only at the institutional level, but also at the individual level, and by sharing the proposed scoping study and potential results, personnel involved will elevate his/her capacity of understanding the nature of the proposed development and associate impacts that may arise during each stage of project implementation. This knowledge built-up will eventually help these relevant agencies to conduct better monitoring and evaluation after project is operating in many years. Moreover, local communities that may be directly affected must be also informed and consulted. In addition to sharing of knowledge and information, similar to the public consultation, community consultation will inform members of the community on negative and positive impacts that they may be encountered as a consequence of the proposed development in their location. Public and community consultation by nature also has an objective to negotiate and solve any issue that may be a concern during project implementation, such as land title, water uses, and any other government plans related to the proposed project. Given the nature of this facility, which has been operating since 1981, which is long while ago prior to the establishment of Timor Leste’ s legal framework of environmental protection and licensing, the regulatory agencies only require project owner to update its EMP document with evidence of the implementation by measurement the environmental data collection. Nevertheless, the public (government and NGOs) and community are aware of the existing fuel storage facility and have never had any major complaints before. For this particular project, considering the scope of the EMP is to update an existing document provided in 1998 to cover the short duration of operation until decommission of the facility before moving to the new location, NDPCEI recommended to waive public and community consultation. However, the VII government in January 2018 required that project owner to engage the regulatory agency in order to present the nature of the project and provide also the summary of the EMP of the project prior to the issuance of the environmental license. The project owner, together with representative of the consultants that prepared the EMP report were invited by H.E of Vice Ministry of Development for Spatial Planning, Housing and Environment (DOHA – Portuguese Acronym) to present the project and the EMP document.
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16.1 Presentation to Stakeholder
The meeting and presentation were realized on the 19 of January, 2018, from 2:00 PM to 5:30, in the meeting room of V.M of DOHA, which was attended by all three directorates under his jurisdiction. The meeting was lead by the H.E. VM. Mr. Abrão Gabriel dos Santos Oliveira.
Figure 16.1 . Photos of the Stakeholder Presentation Meeting
In this meeting, representative from PITSA, as the project owner, presented the scope of the projects and nature of the each project and summary of EMP for each proposed project, as well as updating the V.M on the status of environmental license. The following questions were raised after the presentation. The answer to most of the question has already given in the EMP document so the response to each of the question was summarized in the following and referring also to the page number of EMP document.
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16.2 Question and Answer
What is the estimated volume of spill during the transfer fuel from jetty to the consumer tank
The estimated volume of spill is expected to be reasonably small, in the normal operating system. This will be achieved through the implementation of proper standard operating procedure. In any event, when the spill occurs, it may consider as emergency, where the operating system will be shutoff to response to the emergency event. In this case the fuel spill, which could potentially, occurs in the jetty, in the case some error in pipe connection from boat tanker to the pipeline that will transfer the fuel from boat to storage.
However, experience indicated that no major spill during all the fuel transfer from the boat tanker in the jetty to the storage tanks. Perhaps the volume could spill be less than 5 L, which is relatively small and shall not cause any major issue to the marine water quality. The other evidence of no major leaks out of fuel, is the result of marine water quality measurement, where the value of marine water quality parameters that related to the oil pollutant indicators show lower result compare to the threshold ambient marine water quality standard.
What is amount of sludge within the storage tanks in each year
Forecast sludge volume: 0.05% per year for diesel fuel and 0.01% for the gasoline and this estimated has already presented in the EMP document at the page 88. The experience of PITSA during the operation indicated that the amount of sludge in the bottom of the tank is measured according to the following table:
Table 16.1 Comparison of Measured Sludge and Estimated Amount within PITSA Fuel Storage Tanks
Volume of fuel delivery within 5 – year Amount of Sludge (actual Forecast value , Type of Fuel KL value) , KL KL diesel fuel 132,000 6.6 66 gasoline 108,000 2 11
The above table suggested that the actual sludge resulted from the storing the cumulative volume of diesel fuel amounted to 132,000 KL and 108, 000 KL gasoline for 5 –years, is significantly small compares to the estimated one. The estimated value is higher as it may consider the water of washing the tank, which could be significant.
Method of measuring the hydrocarbon vapor within the tank, jetty, filling station, and estimate of the vapor quantity loose during fuel handling
Hydrocarbon vapor loss cannot be measured directly. However, indirect method would be conducted by comparing the mass/volume of fuel that stored and transfer within the system.
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The evaporation only occurs if there is spill and contact with the outside air temperature; while the PITSA operation system is a closed – system, where only possible way to measure the volume of fuel that spill and eventually becomes vapor. Number of flow meters have installed in the system to measure the volume rate of fuel from one location to the other and accumulation volume in the tank. By using this information on the volume rate, volume within the tank, the amount of hydrocarbon vapor loss can be detected. This is part of the leak detection system. Because of the difficulty in measuring the vapor loss, the controlling the factor that cause the vapor loss would be the key to minimize the loss. The page 116 – 117, of the EMP document provides information on the action to be taken in the minimization of the vapor loss.
What is standard operating procedures of fire emergency, fuel spill in the storage area, in the sea, and the mechanism of coordination agencies to mitigate the impact, as presented in the EMP
Page 147 – 160 of the EMP has provided detail information on various emergencies event that may occur, in relation to the fuel storage and distribution system in Timor – Leste. The workflow of emergency response system has been also provided in the EMP document, including the emergency organization involve and contact person within the PITSA who takes the responsibility as the commander in chief during the emergency situation. Moreover, any external help required would be coordinated within PITSA to other government agencies, in case the magnitude of emergency is larger that cannot be handled internally.
What kind action to be done by PITSA, related to the jetty support that already highly corroded and perhaps already not feasible to support the operational of jetty in suppling fuel from tanker to the storage tanks
The maintenance work always needs to be conducted periodically. Maintenance and potentially rehabilitation shall be conducted after the inspection of the jetty support. PITSA is currently waiting for the government of Timor – Leste, regarding the status of the existing fuel storage facility and while waiting, PITSA is reluctant to invest more capital in the improvement of the facility including the long-term rehabilitation of the jetty. What PITSA has done in responding the uncertainty of the long-term status of the facility and at the same time, keep operate according to the safety standard operating system is to repair some of the jetty part that already not feasible to support the operation after the inspection of the technical team. The qualified engineering team (civil and marine engineers) would conduct the regular inspection to the jetty to detect any part that need immediate repairmen. The management then can approve the budget to conduct the repairmen.
According to marine water quality measurement, why the Hg and Cu are elevated compares to the standard threshold ambient quality
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The explanation of this data has provided in the EMP document, at page 80 – 85, where probable relation between the marine ecological quality and current business activity has given. There should not be any direct correlation between the downstream petroleum products, as no mercury, and cupper would normally found in the petroleum product. Therefore, it is suspected that the value of natural background of these two pollutants is slightly higher than the threshold value for various good water bodies around the world. This conclusion is also supported by the measurement of water quality in several locations, within the proximity of the location where marine water quality sample was taken. The following table shows the comparison of the marine water quality measures, in Hera, Tibar, and in Dili, where the result shows the natural background of the certain parameters are higher than the threshold marine water quality parameters.
Table 16.2 : Comparison of Marine Water Quality parameter in various Locations
Standard Measured, mg/L Parameters mg/L Pantai Kelapa Hera Ulmera Bay Mercury, mg/L 0.003 0.0009 0.00004 0.0009 Cupper (mg/L) 0.05 0.102 0.189 0.102 ZN, mg/L 0.1 0.016 0.16 0.086 Cd, mg/L 0.01 <0.001 0.153 <0.001 Pb, mg/L 0.05 <0.01 0.037 <0.01
In general the Cu is elevated in the all the location that has already a measured data. While place like in Hera, Cu, Zn, and Cd, exceed the threshold ambient water quality standard. However, this quality is for drinking water. The mercury indicator in those places is relatively low and originally presented in the document has some error in the unit measured between the measured and threshold value.
What is plan to repair the storage tank within the storage yard and has there any professional inspection relevant to usability of the tank
PITSA, as an international company, that operates and implements ISO, is concerned with safety of operating system to all the business facilities. Therefore, any part of the system (equipment, etc.) should comply with the requirement of ISO standard. In line with this vision, PITSA has conducted regular inspection from a competent and independent consultant to regularly inspect the storage tank and provide the report related to the specific storage tank is still under good condition to be operated or required any major rehabilitation. Particularly, the inspection was conducted in each surface of the tank to measure the thickness level in order to compare the standard allowable thickness for the standard operating system. If the thickness of plate or surface is below the level, then rehabilitation would be necessary.
For example on August 26, 2016, PITSA contracted an independent contractor to conduct the testing the inspection of the tank 04, that has a total volume of 1200 KL. The inspection was conducted in the roof part, bottom part, and shell of the tanks, to measure the thickness of the
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What is the mitigation of the groundwater that already contaminated by the pollutant
Groundwater damaged is difficult to repair or even the rehabilitation of damaged groundwater will take very long time. In Many case, it is impossible to repair a damaged groundwater. Therefore, the prevention of pollution and potential aquifer damage due to over pumping of groundwater would always be the best mitigation measures.
The groundwater aquifer in Dili, normally at the depth of 60 meter. However there is shallow groundwater well in Dili that people or community already benefited. In relation to PITSA downstream petroleum business, the groundwater monitoring well have already installed in all the location to detect as early as possible to sign of groundwater pollutant or pollutant transfer from ground surface moving downward. By detecting the movement of pollutant in the vertical direction, through the measurement of water quality at the monitoring well, it is possible to remedy the soil in order to remove the pollutant prior to reaching the groundwater aquifer.
For example, comparing the measures data from time to time, PITSA should be able to provide an information if there is any trend or sign of pollutant transport from ground surface to the monitoring well level. The periodic measurement of groundwater quality, per recommendation in the page 141 of EMP would needed to provide the data of groundwater quality trend in relation to the current and future business operation of PITSA.
16.3 List of Presence
Total participant of the above workshop of the stakeholder engagement consist of three directorates within the General Directorate of Environment; Directorate of Biodiversity, Directorate of climate change, and directorate of Pollution control and Environmental License. The following table shows the list of the participant of the workshop of the stakeholder engagement.
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Table 16.3 List of Participant of Stakeholder Engagement Meeting
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16.4 Recommendation of the Stakeholder
Several recommendations were proposed by the members of the stakeholder as an optional to be considered by PITSA during the project implementation.
a) PITSA may need to plant various trees that have an ability to absorb primarily the vapor of hydrocarbon. Especially, within the storage areas, where some open space is still available.
Respond:
This recommendation is appreciated and practically has been implemented. In the page 120 of this EMP document already elaborate planting the trees as part of non-technical approach to help absorb the vapor emission from the vapor loss and also vapor that caused by the evaporation of leak fuel.
b) PITSA may invite some of the relevant government representative from pollution control to monitor some of the operation that could have potential major impacts. Especially, during the unloading of the fuel from tanker to the storage tanks, would allow the government staff to have greater understanding of the system operation and knowing that the operation does not contribute any major pollutant transfer to the receiving environment. Respond:
Recommendation will be considered
c) It is recommend that to include the method of mitigation measures of the pollutant in the marine and in the land.
Respond:
The recommendation is appreciated and shall be considered further in the main document. In the chapter 8, of this updated EMP document, page 108 – 123, already described and presented some detail information on the pollution mitigation measures for technical and non-technical approaches. Including the device use to clean the pollutant in the marine water body and system that designed and put in place to capture the pollutant from the land surface area where potential fuel spill may occur.
d) Other recommendations are only the suggestion to share the EMP document for all three directorate of the General Directorate of Environment
Respond: The suggestion and recommendation will be executed.
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17. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM
17.1 The Purpose for Grievance Redress Mechanism
PITSA, as the project owner, have an established Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) in place during operation to facilitate resolution of complaints by affected people and grievances about the project’s environmental performance, in line with the requirement of SPS. The GRM will be facilitated directly by the project manager of PITSA to the main contractor and all relevant sub- contractor during the pre- and construction and during construction period to maintain the grievance registry or record. The registration of the grievance during the operation will be facilitated by the Health, Safety, and Environmental (HSE) Unit of PITSA to all the employees of PITSA and management within the facility.
The public and community are made aware of relevant contact numbers and contact person in PITSA operation and each contractor through media publicity, notice boards at the facility and local authority office. The public are made aware that PITSA have an open door policy and that the complainant can remain anonymous if requested. The GRM will address affected people's concerns and complaints promptly, using an understandable and transparent process based on traditional methods for resolving conflicts and complaints. The GRM shall provide a framework for resolving complaints at the project/facility level as well as beyond the project (that is, involving relevant government offices such as District and Suco committees, NDPCEI, SEPFOPE, etc.), using the existing judicial or administrative remedies. The GRM will be detailed in the EMP report.
The GRM to be established to receive, evaluate and facilitate the resolution of affected people’s concerns, complaints and grievances about the social and environmental performance at the level of the project. PITSA office will maintain an open door policy to accept complaints at all levels concerning the environmental performance of the project. The GRM will aim to provide a time- bound and transparent mechanism to voice and resolve social and environmental concerns linked to the project.
A project information brochure will include information on the GRM and shall be widely disseminated throughout the project corridor by the safeguards officers in the PITSA Timor Leste SA. Grievances can be filed in writing or by phone to the HSE unit (during the operation phase) – Timor Leste during the construction phase at the construction sites and other key public offices, all of which will accept complaints.
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Existing arrangements for redress of grievances for affected persons are through complaints to the village and Suco committees up to the district level and then through the PITSA officer (HSE unit) and back to the agency which implements a project. This indirect route will remain in place to preserve the usual administrative remedies. There will be a need to deal with complaints and grievances during construction for this project.
17.2 Steps and Procedures for the GRM
First Layer of GRM. The contractor and/or PITSA project manager or facility are the first layer of GRM which offers the fastest and most accessible mechanism for resolution of grievances for both during the construction and operation of the facility. One of the two officers or designated specialist under PITSA management shall be the key officers for grievance redress. Resolution of complaints will be done within fifteen working (15) days. The officer or project manager officers in PITSA will provide the support and guidance in grievance redress matters. Investigation of grievances will involve site visits and consultations with relevant parties (e.g., affected persons, contractors, traffic police, community, etc.). Grievances will be documented and personal details (name, address, date of complaint, etc.) will be included unless anonymity is requested.
A tracking number shall be assigned for each grievance, and it will be recorded including the following elements: (i) initial grievance record (including the description of the grievance), with an acknowledgement of receipt handed back to the complainant when the complaint is registered; (ii) grievance monitoring sheet, describing actions taken (investigation, corrective measures); and (iii) closure sheet, one copy of which will be handed to the complainant after he/she has agreed to the resolution and signed-off. The updated register of grievances and complaints will be available to the public at the PITSA office, construction sites and other key public offices along the project corridor (offices of the suco and districts). Should the grievance remain unresolved it will be escalated to the second layer for solution.
Second Layer of GRM. The PITSA Branch in Timor Leste or any senior person from other PITSA branch in the region will activate the second layer of GRM by referring the unresolved issue (with written documentation) to the PITSA top level of management who will pass unresolved complaints upward to the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC). The GRC shall be established by top level of PITSA management system before commencement of site works. The GRC will consist of the following persons: (i) Representation of PITSA designated top management; (ii) representative of District and Suco; (iii) representative of the affected person(s); (iv) representative of the local land office; and (v) representative of the NDPCEI (for environmental related grievances). A hearing will be called with the GRC, if necessary, where the affected person can present his/her concern. The process will facilitate resolution through mediation.
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The GRC will meet as necessary when there are grievances that cannot be solved at the first layer of solving problem and within thirty (30) working days will suggest corrective measures at the field level and assign clear responsibilities for implementing its decision and a timeframe that must be adhered to. The functions of the GRC are as follows: (i) resolve problems and provide support to affected persons arising from various environmental issues and including dust, noise, utilities, power and water consumption, groundwater level dropdown, wastewater discharge to the sea, waste disposal, traffic interference and public safety as well as social issues land acquisition (temporary or permanent); asset acquisition; and eligibility for entitlements, compensation and assistance; (ii) reconfirm grievances of displaced persons, categorize and prioritize them and aim to provide solutions within a month; and (iii) report to the aggrieved parties about developments regarding their grievances and decisions of the GRC.
The PITSA team in Timor Leste (project manager, HSE unit, and management ) will be responsible for processing and placing all papers before the GRC, maintaining database of complaints, recording decisions, issuing minutes of the meetings and monitoring to see that formal orders are issued and the decisions carried out. The contractor will have observer status on the committee. If unsatisfied with the decision, the existence of the GRC shall not impede the complainant’s access to the GOTL’s judicial or administrative remedies.
Third Layer of GRM. In the event that a grievance cannot be resolved directly by the first and second layer, the affected person can seek alternative redress through the Suco or District committees under the existing arrangements for redress of grievances for affected persons. The project implementation representative of PITSA, PITSA officer or project manager or GRC will be kept informed by the district, municipal or national authority.
Monitoring reports shall include information about the GRM including: (i) the cases registered, level of jurisdiction (first, second and third tiers), number of hearings held, decisions made, and the status of pending cases; and (ii) an appendix which lists cases in process and already decided upon may be prepared with details such as name, ID with unique case serial number, date of notice/registration of grievance, date of hearing, decisions, remarks, actions taken to resolve issues, and status of grievance (i.e., open, closed, pending) and if it is a repeat of a previous grievance. The grievance redress mechanism and procedure is depicted in Figure 17.1.
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Figure 17.1 - Grievance Redress Mechanism
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18. WORK PLAN AND IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
PITSA has already implementing the EMP into their normal operation in very section of the project. The operation of the existing fuel business of receiving, storing, and distributing the fuel in Pantai Kelapa will only last for several years, in waiting for the government of Timor Leste decide the new location for PITSA.
Therefore, the implementation of EMP only covers the temporary operation and decommissioning phase. The following shows the EMP activity in each stage of project implementation schedule.
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Table 18.1 Work plan and Implementation Schedule
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19. COST ESTIMATES
To ensure that the mitigation measures and monitoring requirements are correctly implemented and funded, this section should contain the cost estimates. As the project is on-going and the project owner has properly implemented its’s original EMP prepared in 1998, in which many of technical solution such as oil-catcher, proper drainage design, system design and construction, monitoring program, and emergency management system, as well as OHS mechanism has already in place.
Therefore, the project owner shall only continue the best practice, by maintaining the system.
19.1 Operating Cost
Table 19.1 Operation and Maintenance Cost of the EMP No Cost Item Cost per year ($) $ 1 PPE 5,000.00 $ 2 Fire Management System 4,500.00 Monitoring and control operating system $ 3 (Instrumentation and maintenance) 35,000.00 $ 4 Solid waste management 5,000.00 $ 5 Sludge Management 10,000.00 $ 6 Implementation of OHS 25,000.00 $ 7 Traffic Management 2,000.00 $ 8 Managing air quality 15,000.00 $ Total 101,500.00
19.2 Social cost
In addition to the structural improvement cost, there is also a non-structural cost that the project owner has/will pay or disburses in relation to the project development and operation. - Social corporate responsibility to the local and national - Campaigning of responsible driving and vehicular maintenance
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The total EMP cost would the summation of capital, operation, and social cost.
Table 19.2 Summary of Social Impacts Mitigation Cost Cost Item Estimated Cost ($) Social corporate responsibility to the local and national $ 50,000.00 Campaigning of responsible driving and vehicular maintenance $ 5,000.00 Total $ 55,000.00
The operational cost of the EMP of social cost is $77,000 per year.
The total operating cost = $178,500 per year 19.3 Deactivation and Decommission Cost
The cost would include demolition and disposal of solid waste and land reclamation and also social cost such as compensation and offsetting permanent damage such as groundwater damages or land pollution. The following table summarized the cost figure during the decommissioning and deactivation phase:
Table 19.3. Summary of EMP Cost in Deactivation and Decommissioning Phase Cost Item Estimated Cost ($) Cost of demolition $ 300,000.00 Land reclamation $ 50,000.00 Solid waste handling $ 50,000.00 Mitigation of erosion $ 50,000.00 Social compensation $ 100,000.00 Total $ 550,000.00
Therefore, the total cost = Operating cost + Social Cost + Decommissioning cost = $678,500
20. REVIEW OF THE EMP
The EMP should be reviewed by project owner, updated and submitted to DNCPEI for re- approval every year. Project proponent can engage local consultants for update of the EMP. Data collection should take place as part of the EMP update focusing on near coast water quality assessment and air quality data.
DNCPEI can review results from monitoring activities and compare them with baseline results collected during EIS/EMMP preparation. Monitoring or data collection can also be taken on need basis when certain parameters have visually been observed to be elevated. Complains from community should also be taken into consideration and appropriate assessment and data collection take place to formulate proper ways to address the complaints.
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21. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY
This existing largest fuel storage facility, in Pantai Kelapa, Dili, Timor Leste, that owned by PITSA has been in operation since 1981. The total fuel storage capacity of is equal to 5,300 KL and is capable of delivering 50,000 KL per year for fuel (gasoline and diesel fuel) in Timor Leste. The project has occupied 3 HA of land that the project owner has utilized under the special agreement between the Government of Timor Leste and Government of Indonesia. The component of the project with the scale and concern are presented in the following table.
Table 21.1. Project Component and Scale
No Project Component Scale and Concerns The Jetty has a total length of 300 m from the beach to landing jetty with the total capacity of 6000 DWT that 1 Jetty supported by mourning post and buoy mourning to help boat securely lean during the receiving the fuel Total six storage tanks were constructed as the main 2 Fuel Storage Tank facility to store the fuel and distributes to the consumers in Dili. Piping system consist of gasoline and diesel fuels started 3 Piping System in Jetty to tank farm and from tank farm to the refueler station 4 Refueler Station The fuel will be distributed in the refueler station Office building Warehouse 5 Office support system Security guard Parking space Etc. Backup power system Water Supporting Utility (power, 6 Fire management system water, fire hazard system) Laboratory Instrumentation
Each component of the project is supporting each other in the process of receiving, storing, and distributing of the fuel to the consumer.
. Fuel unloading from boat tanker and pump to the storage tank . Storing the fuel in the storage tanks
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. Distributing the fuel from storage tank to the tanker of the consumer via refueler system or back loading . Maintenance of all the system and supporting system The capacity of the business is reasonable high (measured by the volume of storage tanks) and the nature of material that is flammable, contain chemical that potentially become hazardous to the environment when spills out, high contain vapor organic carbons (VOCs) in the normal condition (air temperature and air pressure), the impacts to the environment required to be assessed and mitigated. By knowing the environmental and social impacts, the proper environmental management plans (EMP) can be proposed to mitigate the negative impacts of environment and people.
In 1998, the project owner, has prepared, the Environmental Management Plan (EMP document that was approved by the Government of Indonesia (GoI), which cover the same storage but covering many product such as gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation fuel, and kerosene. Moreover, the government and project owner is in the process of discussion to assign new site to the project owner for very near future development of PITSA’s fuel storage development that will replace this current existing one. It is projected, the facility will only be operated in the next 2 or 3 years’ time, and then should be decommissioning to new project location. Considering these facts (existing project prior to Timor Leste legal framework of environmental licensing, availability of supporting EMP, and the existing project will operate only relatively short period of time), the government of Timor Leste through the Ministry of Commerce and Environment (MCIA) and National Petroleum and Mineral Authority (ANPM) recommended project owner to prepare update EMP that supported by field data collection of important environmental parameters (water and air) and decommissioning plan
The EMP however, require to be updated with the latest development and condition, such as the product modification, regulation change (under Timor Leste legal framework), with actual condition of Timor Leste. This updated EMP has been prepared and reported in the EIS report by PEC – Consulting, LDA on behalf of PITSA. The updated EMP was prepared based on guideline based on decree law 5/2011 on the environmental licensing requirement and other relevant regulatory framework such as downstream petroleum activity and regulation on the installation and operation of fuel storage system in Timor Leste.
The updated EMP was conducted first by reviewing the existing scope of business and component of the projects, legal framework of environmental safeguard principle in Timor Leste, as well as measurement of the important environmental parameters that provide an evidence of the real of this on-going project to the environment. Particularly, to proof that proper environmental mitigation measures have been implemented, as recommended in the original EMP document prepared and approved in 1998.
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The major environmental impacts related to the operational of the fuel transferring and distribution are related to the air emission, wastewater, hazardous material and oil, as well as occupational health and safety risk that need to be considered in the operational and decommissioning of the facility. These impacts/issues become a major issue, whenever the product (fuel) spill or leak during the fuel transferring system from tanker, storage, and distribution system. As the fuel (chemicals) releases to the natural environmental, the receiving environment becomes toxic or disturb due to inability of natural environment to self-purify or self-cleaned from the pollutant.
Therefore, mitigation measured should be required to minimize the impact or risk to the environment. The following sections will discuss the summary of each impacts and the mitigation measure to reduce the impacts.
Wastewater and water quality
As presented in the impacts assessment that the operational of fuel storage and transferring of fuel contain a risk of fuel spill and leaks where the fuel will unexpectedly entering the receiving environment. This case, the spilled fuel will become wastewater via cleaning by fresh water or the spilled fuel will be wash off by the storm runoff or non – point source (NPS) of wastewater. This wastewater contain various chemical in the fuel, which will become an issue when enter the environment. The wastewater produces within the facility from cleaning the tanks, domestic use, and other cleaning within project facility. The wastewater from measurable point source and NPS will be treated via oil-catcher system, where the water and oil/pollutant will be separated in the system. The pollutant will be collected at the bottom of the separator system for further treatment prior to disposal while the treated wastewater will be discharge into the marine water via drainage outlet. The measurement of marine environment, near the discharge drainage outlet, where the treated wastewater would be released shows no sign of marine water quality issue, except elevated cupper and phenol, which may or may not be related to the petroleum activity. Observation of marine water quality in other location such as in Liquica, Hera, Tibar, shows the similar pattern, where phenol and cupper level in the marine is higher than the threshold allowable by standard.
In this case, the less fuel leak or spill will contribute less wastewater or pollutant to the marine environment. Therefore, various technological approaches to minimize the risk of leaks or spill of fuel would be the key to achieve the objective of the environmental protection.
Air Quality
The fuel, especially, gasoline has high volatile organic compound (VOCs) and so when leaks occurs the VOCs and other hydrocarbon vapor shall be released to the surrounding environment and becomes emission to the air. The analysis of air quality parameters indicated that no water
213 | P a g e quality issue related to the fuel transferring and storage system. However, controlling the vapor loss by technological approaches as presented earlier would be the key to minimize the risk of the air quality issue from the operational of the project.
Ground Water
Groundwater aquifer is another receiving environment that will be impacted by the operational of the fuel storage system, particularly the pollutant leaching to the groundwater aquifer. As many residents of Dili utilize the groundwater as the main source of drinking water, the risk of leaching of pollutant to the groundwater will impact the public health. Therefore, the design of the system properly to minimize the risk would be important and major key. The measurement of groundwater quality in the monitoring well suggested no sign of issue related to the groundwater contamination.
Hazardous Material and Oil
Hazardous material related to the sludge that produced within the facility from wastewater, bottom tank produce, which may contain heavy metal that could be hazardous. Proper treatment and separation of this hazmat, as recommended earlier has been implemented by the project owner. Therefore, the impacts are reduced.
Solid Waste Management
The non-hazardous solid waste, could be managed easily by collecting then waste and deploy to the Tibar landfill area for final disposal.
Occupational Health and Safety
Occupational health and safety (OHS) is very important to the project owner and worker within the project location. Proper standard practice in the general and specific industry should be implemented to minimize the risk.
Controlling the Leaks and Spill
Proper controlling mechanism of the spill and leaks are the important key to minimize the impacts of the fuel transferring and storing during the operation. The following summary table shows the mechanism how to minimize the leaks and spill of fuel.
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Table: 21. 2 Summary of Fuel Spills and Leak Management
Source of Major Concern Leaking Mitigation Measures Applies proper SOP during the fuel transfer from tanker to tank Install and applies all the necessary safety instrument during the operation, especially during the emergency Managing Pipe Install information board or warning sign in the Leaking correct location Handle the leak pipe as soon as possible Repair the leak pipe according the proper standard Clean the impacted area Inspect and ensure the good operating condition all the time Inspect and ensure all valves function properly SOP Re-inspect the pressure and temperature tanks according to the procedure Inspect the oil-catcher system to ensure they are operating properly Field inspector to inform the leaking to the loading crew Pipe Leaking Handling Leaked to stop the pump and shutoff gate valve pipe
Field inspection to detect the exact location of leak pipe Fuel within the pipe will be removed carefully with the water Pipe Repairmen Repair the leaked pipe with welding or replacement if necessary Testing the repairmen section prior to re-operating
The area that already contaminated by the fuel that leak, as soon as possible isolated the area and collect the fuel that spill in the ground surface by flushing into the Cleaning the drainage system via oil-catcher system to further separate Impacted Area the fuel from the water. The fuel is collected and treated
separately as B3 liquid waste that will be sent to Tibar holding system. The major leak will detected easily by using the Tank Leaking Monitoring monitoring data between senders (tanker) and receiver (storage tank)
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Emptying the tank by removing the fuel into another empty tank Managing Storage Inspect the part the leaks Leaking Clean the part that leaks, specially flash the fuel with the water and discharge into the oil-catcher drainage system Bu visual inspection Using the mass difference between the fuel sent and Source Detection received Managing Leak
during the loading and Follow the proper procedure of loading and unloading unloading system , example would be to open and close the Managing Leaks valve completely Repair and replace the part of the loading arm that s broken or leaks
Manage and Control Hydrocarbon Vapor
Similar to leaks and spill, the hydrocarbon vapor loss within the storage could contribute the pollutant emission to the air. The controlling the hydrocarbon vapor loss in the storage tank would be the key to achieve the minimum vapor loss. The following table presented the major impacts and mitigation measure to control the impacts and minimized the risk.
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Table 21.3. Summary of Major Environmental Impacts and EMP Requirements Sources Impacts Environmental Management Plans - Minimize the spill and leaks with technological approach Fuel spill or leaks Groundwater - Treating and removing the pollutant Marine Environment - Monitor and control the leaks and spill of fuel Hazmat Proper treatment prior to disposal Manage and minimize vapor loss by controlling temperature, Vapor loss Greenhouse gas emission contribution pressure, and designing the system operation properly Applies 3RD (reduce, Reused, Recycle, and Dispose) to Solid waste manage the solid waste Reduce volume of wastewater by controlling loss and leaking Applies the best available technology to treat the wastewater prior to discharging into the marine Wastewater environment via oil – catcher Hazardous Material and Hazardous and Toxic liquid waste Proper treatment system and disposal solid waste OHS Applies the proper OHS
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22. SUMARIO NON –TEKNIK
Depot mina boot iha area Pantai Kelapa, Dili, Timor Leste nee, nain husi PITSA, nebe komesa tiha ona ninia operasaun iha 1981. Total kapasidade rai mina hamutuk 5,300 Kilo – litru (KL) nee iha abilidade par abele fornese mina 50,000 KL mina (gasoline no gazoel) iha Timor Leste. Projeto nee rasik, akupa rai hamutuk hetaris tolu (3 HA) nebe projeto nain uja tiha ona durante Indonesia nia adminiatrasaun, no kontinua uja, baseia ba akorde espesial entre Guvernu Timor Leste no Guvernu Indonesia. Komponentu husi projeto nee rasik, ho ninia skalaun, nomos issue ambiente nebe importante sei apresenta tuir tabela iha kraik.
Tabela 22.1. Komponentu ba Projeto no Eskalaun
No Komponetu Eskalaun no issue Ponte kais ho ninia naruk 300 metru husi tasi ibun nee konstrui ho kapasidade 6000 DWT nebe suporta ho 1 Ponte Kais mourning post no buoy mourning atu oriente ro par abele para ho seguru iha fatin nebe los. Hamutuk tangki 6 iha fasilidade ida nee par abele rai mina 2 Tanki Mina no distribui ba konsumedores sira iha Dili no Timor - Leste Sistema kadores nee importante para lori mina husi roo mina tama na tanki, no husi tanki ba fatin nebe ense mina 3 Kadores – pipa ba tanki – kareta konsumedors sira. Iha kodores principal 2 ba mina – ida gasoline, ida fali gazoel. Station ense mina iha fasilidade nia laran, para bele 4 Fatin ense Mina pomba mina husi tangki ba konsumedores nia kareta - tangki Edifico Gudang 5 Suporta eskritorios Securansa nia fatin Fatin paragem kareta no motorist Depois seluk tan Reserva ba energia Bee mos Suporta utilidade (energia, 6 Gestaun baa hi bee, ahi Laboratorium Instrumentasaun
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Komponentu ida – ida iha tabela nee, hanesan suporta malu iha prosesu simu mina husi roo, rai mina iha tanki laran, nomos distribui mina ba konsumesdores sira. . Bongkar mina husi roo iha ponte kais ba tanki mina . Rai mina iha tanki laran . Distribusaun mina husi tanki ba tanki – kareta konsumedores . Manutensaun ba sistema no suporta
Kapasidade ba negosio ida nee, bot tebes (sukar husi volume tanki no fluxu mina nebe kada fulan tama) no natureza ba material (mina) nebe fasil para ahi han, kontuidu ba mina nebe, iha potensial para hamosu, kimika ou material nebe periguba ambiental wainhira fakar, uap organik karbon iha kondisaun normal, ninia impaktu ba ambiente presiza para avalia no halo mitigasaun. Wainhira hatene impaktu sosial no ambiente, planu gestaun ba ambiental bele prepara hodi nune, impaktu sira nebe ladiak bele gere hodi minimiza.
Iha 1998, projeto nain prepara tiha ona dokumentus ba gestaun meiu ambiente (EMP) nebe aprova tiha ona husi Guvernu Indonesia, nebe kobre fatin depot hanesan (iha Pantai Kelapa), maibe ho kontuidu nebe barak liu, hanesan gasoline, gazoel, kerosina, nomos mina ba aviaun nian. Iha parte seluk, Guvernu Timor Leste no Projeto nain, iha discusaun ona par abele muda fatin depot ida nee ba fatin seluk. Iha Projeksaun katakm durante tinan 2 ga 3, projeto iha Pantai Kelapa sei muda ba fatin foun. Liu husi konsiderasaun ba facto sira nebe temi, hanesan projeto iha tiha ona antes de establesemento regulamento lisensa ambiental iha Timor – Leste, projeto nia EMP mos iha tiha ona, depois projeto ida nee, sei kontinua durante tempu nebe badak, Guvernu Timor – Leste, liu husi Ministerio Commercio e Meio Ambiente (MCIA) no Autoridade Nasional do Petroleo e Rekursu Minarais (ANPM) rekomenda ba projeto nain para prepara update ba EMP tuan nebe halo iha 1998, nebe suporta ho dadus importante ba parametrus ambiental nian hanesan bee, ar, durante operasaun no dekomisaun.
Updated ba dokumentus EMP nee presiza baseia ba natureza projeto agora, no kondisaun iha tereinu, hanesan modifikasaun ba produtu, mudansa regulamentu (iha Timor – Leste ninian), nomos kondisaun atual iha Timor Leste. Dokumentus refere prepara husi PEC – Consulting, LDA, e nome, do PITSA. Update EMP ne mos prepara baseia ba giaun nebe fo iha Dekretu Lei 5/2011 kona ba lisensa ambiental no regulasaun seluk nebe relevante ba opersaun no dekomisaun ba depot mina iha Timor – Leste.
Update EMP nia kontuidu, mak primeiru reve komponete ba projeto no modalidade negosiu nebe projeto nain halo iha Timor – Leste, regulamento no politika guvernu Timor – Leste ba siguransa no prinsipiu Saudi, nune mos suporta husi dadus nebe koleta iha tereinu, nebe deskrebe didiak kondisaun atual ba ambiente. Patikularmentu atu provas katak durante halo operasaun, projeto nain tuir duni ona pratika no mitigasaun ba impkatu negative sira, para impaktu nee sei bele simu no tolera husi ambiental lokal, hanesan rekomenda iha EMP original iha 1998.
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Impaktu nebe siknifikante, husi projeto refere durante operasaun hodi rai, transfere, no distribui mina iha Timor – Leste maka iha ligasaun direita ba emisaun ar, bee foer, material nebe perigu, oli, nomos risku ba seguransa, saude, no ambiente nebe sei konsidera iha dokumentus ida nee. Impaktu sei sai bot, wainhira mina fakar, no iha kebocoran ruma iha Sistema durante rai, transfere, no distribusaun mina. Tamba mina nee mos hanesan material kimika ida nebe wainhira tama ba ambiente, sei afeita kualidade ambiente nebe natural. Ambiente nebe simu, kimika, sei sae tosiku tamba tosiku nebe tamba ba ambiente liu husi kuantidade nebe ambiente bele simu (natural self-purification capacity)
Tamba nee mak, mitigasaun nee importante no presiza implementa para impaktu sira nee bele minimiza ninia risku ba ambiente. Sesaun tuir mai sei diskuti kona ba sumariu ba impaktus no mitigasaun nebe tengki foti durante implementasaun ba projeto.
Bee Foer no Kualidade Bee
Hanesan apresenta ona iha asesementu ba impaktu, katak projeto rai, transference, nomos distribui mina sei hamosu impkatu potensial husi mina nebe fakar ba rai ou kuak ruma nebe release mina husi Sistema ba ambiente. Iha ceisa ida nee, mina nebe fakar sei sai hanesan bee foer nebe hamos husi bee nebe rega ba rai ou udan bee nebe fase foer sira nebe akumula iha rai leten. Kontuidu bee foer ida nee inklui kimika husi mina, nebe bele sai hanesan issue ida wainhira ninia kuantidade boot tama ba ambiente. Bee foer nebe sai husi fasilidade nia laran hanesan hamos tanki, husi uma kain, no hamos seluk iha fasilidade nia laran. Bee foer sira nee sei trata iha Sistema ida nebe hanaran, Oil – Catcher system (Sistema nebe atu kapta mina), nebe sei halo separasaun bee nomos mina. Mina nebe kapta sei koleta nomos tratametu nebe espesial molok soe ba ambiente. Bee nebe mos ona, our qualidade diak ona, sei soe ba drenagem laran nebe sei tama ba tasi laran. Sukat qualidade tasi been, besik drenagem nia outlet, hatudu laiha impaktu nebe boot husi operasaun mina iha PITSA em geral, exceptu kontuidu cupper no phenol nebe ass, maibe kimika ida nee, laiha ligasaun direita ba mina. Observasaun iha fatin seluk hanesan iha Baia Hera, Tibar, ni Liquica, hatudu resultadu nebe hanesan.
Iha ceisa ida nee, hatudu katak laiha fakar mina ba rai, nebe kontribui signifikante ba qualidade tasi bee. Maibe klaru katak, wainhira mina fakar, entaun kualidade tasi been hetan problema. Nee duni, mitigasaun lubuk hira hanesan uja teknologia no gestaun tengki forca para bele minimiza risku ba mina nebe fakar ba rai. Ida nee mak hanesan objetivu ba protesaun ba ambiente.
Kualidade Ar
Mina, liu – liu gazolina, nee volatile tebes, e kontuidu ba material organiku nee makas, no wainhira iha kuak ruma nebe mina fakar sai ba ambiente, ninia uap sira nee tama ba ambient ear no sai nudar emisaun ba ar (udara). Analiza ba parametru ar hatudu laiha problem aba kualidade
220 | P a g e ar nebe liga ba transfere mina no rai mina iha Sistema nia laran. Maibe, kontrola uap nebe tama ba ambiente liu husi meius tekniku no gestaun nebe apresenta ona iha impaktu no mitigasaun nee importante tebes hodi minimize risku husi operasaun mina durante operasaun no dekomisaun.
Bee Rai Okos
Bee husi rai okos nee hanesan, ambiente seluk ida nebe sei simu pollutant husi operasaun projeto ida nee wainhira, pollutant sira nee, tama ba rai okos depois transporte liu husi solo, depois tama ba bee iha rai okos. Tamba bee husi rai okos nee utiiza barak husi komunidade iha Dili nudar bee hemu, entaun importante tebes para risku mina nebe tama ba rai okos nee bele minimiza ou elimina. Nee duni, dezeinu ba Sistema nebe bele reduce risku ba mina para fakar our fakar mais labele tama ba rai okos nee importante tebes no hanesan savi ida. Dadus kona ba kualidade bee husi rai okos hatudu katak laiha pollusaun nebe tama husi rai leten ( fasilidade) ba rai okos iha nee laran.
Sasan nebe perigu no Oli Bekas
Sasan nebe perigu hanesan husi rezultadu fase tanki nomos husi bee foer, bele iha mos logam berar berat nebe periku ba Saudi. Tratamento no separasaun ba sasan sira nee importante tebes atu halo separasaun ba sasan nebe perigu antes atu soe ba soe foer iha Tibar.
Lixu
Lixu mos sei iha, nebe loron –loron tenki koleta, depois soe ba fatin pembuangan akhir iha Tibar.
Seguransa Servisu no Saudi
Siguransa servisu no Saudi nee importante ba projeto nain nomos trabailador nebe servisu iha fasilidade. Boa praktika husi industry nebe propio bele minimiza impaktu sira nee.
Kontrola mina nebe Fakar no Kuak
Mekanimu hodi kontrola mina nebe fakar ba rai liu husi kuak iha sisteam nee importante para minimiza impkatu husi transfer mina, storing, nomos distribusaun mina durante opersaun. Sumario tabela tuir mai sei aprezenta mehanismu hodi minimiza kuak no fakar mina
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Tabela 22.2 Sumario mina fakar no gestaun ba kebocoran
Fakar husi nebe Isu Importante Sukat ba Mitigasaun Tuir padraun ba operasaun Instala no aplika instrumentu nebe nesesary no importante durante operasaun, liu – liu iha emergencia Instala informasaun no peringatan iha fatin nebe Gere kanu nebe kuak propiu Resolve lalais kanu no Sistema nebe kuak Hadia Sistema nebe kuak ona Hamos mina nebe fakar ona ba rai Inspesaun no asegura katak condisaun operasaun lao normal ba kualder tempu Inspesaun no asegura katak valve hotu2 funsiona didiak SOP Inspesaun fila-fali presaun no temperature iha tanki tuir prosedimentu nebe propio Kuak iha Pipa Inspesaun ba Oil – Cather nebe instala atu asegura katak operasaun diak hela Inspetor husi tereinu atu informa kebocoran sira be Gere kebocoran pipa operador para sir abele hapara pomba no take gate valve
Inspesaun iha tereinu hodi deteta fatin nebe iha pipa nebe kuak Mina nebe fakar sei muda ho bee Hadia Pipa Hadia pipa nebe kuak ho solda ou troka tiha Halo teste ba hadia nebe halo ona, molok halo operasaun fila - fali Area nebe kona ona mina, tengki lalais Isola no mina sira Hamos fatin nebe nee tengki koleta iha fatin ida. Hamos fatin nee ho bee kona mina moss no bee foer nee (bee ho mina) sei iu husi oil –catcher para hetan tratamentu lai antes soe T
Monitorizasaun Fakar mina nebe bot sei deteta husi monitorizasaun dadus entre ema nebe fo mina no simu mina. Tanki nebe kuak Halo mamuk tanki liu husi pomba mina sae Investiga parte nebe hetan kuak Gere kuak iha tanki Hamos parte nebe kuak, partikularmente hamos ho bee depois campuran bee ho mina sei separa iha oil – catcher Sistema.
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Halo visual inspesaun Halo mass nebe differente entre mina nebe haruka no mina nebe simu
Detesaun ba sumber
Unloading Follow the proper procedure of loading and unloading Gere Kebocoran system , example would be to open and close the husi bongkar no valve completely hasae mina Gere tumpahan Tuir prosidimentu nebe loss durante bongkar no hatam mina ba Sistema, exemplu mak hodi loke no taka valve hotu Hadia no troka parte nebe at ona
Gere no Kontrola Hydrocarbon nia iss
Hanesan mos ba mina nebe fakar, iss husi hydrocarbon nebe sai husi tanki mina sei kontribui ba polusaun ba ar. Kontrola iss ba hydrocarbon nebe sai husi tanki nee hanesan savi ida para bele minimiza iss nebe tamba ba ambiente. Tabela tuir mai sei apresenta impaktu bot no mitigasaun para bele kontrola risk.
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Tabela 22.3 Sumario ba Impaktu no Mitigasaun Husi Impaktu Gestaun ba Ambiental - Mnimiza kebocoran no fakar mina liu husi uja teknologia Bee iha rai okos - Trata no hamos pollusaun Mina nebe fakar no monu - Monitor and control the leaks and spill of fuel ba rai - Halo monitorizasaun no kontrola ba kuak no mina nebe fakar Tasi sae Sasan nebe perigu Tratamentu nebe propio antes soe Gere no minimiza iss nebe sai liu husi kontrola temperature, presaun, Iss nebe tama ba ambiente Kontribusaun ba gas emisaun no deseinu Sistema nebe propio Lixu Aplika 3 RD (redusaun, uja fali, risaikel, soe) bag ere lixu nebe iha Hamenus volume bee foer liu husi kontrola kuak no mina nebe fakar Aplika teknologia nebe iha para halo tratamento nebe mais Bee foer efisiente molok soe bee foer ba drenagem Limbah beracun Tratamento antes soe Sasan nebe perigu OHS Aplika padraun nebe propio
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23. ANNEXES
The appendixes of this document contain the following relevant information that were collected during the preparation of EIS and EMMP
EMP document prepared in 1998 Company Profile PITSA Business License Inspection Report on August 26, 2016 Water Quality Measured data
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