OutlineOutline ofof NumberingNumbering inin JapanJapan
April 2010 SATO Kenji JICA Expert
1 ContentsContents
1. Outline of Current Situation and Basic Policy of Numbering
2. MNP (Mobile Number Portability)
3. Numbering Issues for NGN Era
- FMC (Fixed Mobile Convergence)
- ENUM
2 1.Outline of Current Situation and Basic Policy of Numbering
3 Telecommunications Number History in Japan
Until 1985 NTT (Public company) managed all telecommunications numbers
1985
Liberalization of telecommunication sector Privatization of NTT New companies started telecommunications business.
Big Bang of Telecommunications business.
Necessity for Making telecommunications business rules.
Telecommunications Numbers were defined on regulation for telecommunications facilities (1985)
4 The Function of Number
- Service identification (Fixed? Mobile?)
- Location identification (Near? Far?)
- Tariff identification (If far, charge is high)
- Quality identification (If fixed, better than mobile)
- Social trust identification
5 Regulations for Telecommunication Numbers
Telecommunication Business Law Article 50 (Standards for Telecommunications Numbers) (1) When any telecommunications carrier provides telecommunications services by using telecommunications numbers (numbers, signs or other codes that telecommunications carriers use in providing their telecommunications services, for identifying telecommunications facilities in order to connect places of transmission with places of reception, or identifying types or content of telecommunications services to provide; hereinafter the same shall apply), it shall ensure that its telecommunications numbers conform to the standards specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. (2) The standards set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be specified so as to ensure the following matters: (i) The telecommunications numbers shall make it possible for telecommunications carriers and users to clearly and easily identify telecommunications facilities or types or content of the telecommunications services. (ii) Sufficient telecommunications numbers necessary for providing telecommunications services shall be secured. (iii) Changes to the telecommunications numbers shall be avoided as much as possible. (iv) The telecommunications numbers shall be used in a fair and efficient manner.
6 Procedures for Designation of Telecommunication Numbers
PersonPerson whowho intendsintends toto launchlaunch aa ApplicationApplication forfor designationdesignation ofof telecommunicationstelecommunications businessbusiness telecommunicationstelecommunications numbernumber (Article (Article 15)15) ･･ReasonsReasons forfor requiringrequiring telecommunicationstelecommunications numbers Application numbers ･･NumberNumber ofof telecommunicationstelecommunications numbersnumbers requiredrequired andand reasonreason MIC ･･PlansPlans pertainingpertaining toto thethe numbernumber ofof telecommunicationstelecommunications numbersnumbers requiredrequired Examination ･･MethodsMethods toto managemanage telecommunicationstelecommunications numbersnumbers No items to be rejected ･･Network diagrams Report to Network diagrams ･･Matters confirming requirements stipulated Minister about Matters confirming requirements stipulated in Table 2 situation of DesignationDesignation in Table 2 using numbers etc (every year) etc
Cases where Cases requiring Cases where contents of numbers are not additional designation to be used any longer designation changed without new designation
Revocation of Submission of Notification of numbers Application changes again 7 Telephone Numbering Plan in Japan
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th digit digit digit digit digit digit digit digit digit digit digit Carrier Identification Codes ０ ０ X Y ０ ０ ２ Y Z ０ ０ ９ １ N1 N2 Pager (Calling party Pay:CPP) ０ ２ ０ C D E F G H J K IP Phone ０ ５ ０ C D E F G H J K FMC ０ ６ ０ C D E F G H J K PHS ０ ７ ０ C D E F G H J K Mobile phone ０ ８ ０ C D E F G H J K ０ ９ ０ C D E F G H J K Freephone Service (Toll Free) ０ １ ２ ０ D E F G H J ０ ８ ０ ０ D E F G H J K Message Dial Service ０ １ ７ ０ D E F G H J Mass calling service ０ １ ８ ０ D E F G H J Shared Cost Number Service ０ ５ ７ ０ D E F G H J Premimum Rate Service ０ ９ ９ ０ D E F G H J Fixed phone, ISDN, IP phone, ０ A B C D E F G H J Pager(not CPP) Area Code(1-5 digits) + Local Subscriber Number Exchange Number(0-4 digits)
Emergency (Police) １ １ ０ Emergency(coast guard) １ １ ８ Emergency(Fire,Ambulance) １ １ ９ (In the above table, the bold type numbers are defined in the Ministrerial Ordinance “The Regulation on Telecommunications Numbering” and it’s Notification, and the numbers masked with gray color are the parts assigned to the carriers by the Minister.) 8 Ex. Telephone number of MIC: 03-5253-5111 Carrier Identification Codes (Since 1985)
Connection process when you dial a carrier ID number (00XY) Long-distance company network .
Connection process when you do not dial a carrier ID number. NTT network .
[In case of long-distance call] < NTT > 0 - area code - local exchange number - subscriber number < New Common Carrier (NCC) > 00XY - 0 - area code - local exchange number – subscriber number
[In case of international call] 00XY - 010 - CC - national number 9 Numbering Plan for Fixed Phone
Telephone number for fixed services
Area code: Local Trunk prefix: 1 to5 digits exchange Subscriber number: [0] number: 4 digits 0 to4 digits
Ex. MIC(Tokyo): 03-5253-5111 Total: 5 digits (4 digits in some areas) Trunk prefix Area code Local exchange number Examples of area codes 0 △ ×××× Tokyo-3, Osaka-6 (from January 1,1999) △△ ××× Yokohama-45, Kawasaki-44, Kyoto-75, Kobe-78, etc. △△△ ×× Hachioji-426, Kure-823, Miyazaki-985, etc. △△△△ × Yubari-1235, Ishigaki-9808, etc. △△△△△ Hokkaido-13379, Seiwa-mura, Taki-gun, etc.
“0” and “1” cannot be used as the first digit of an area code. 10 Abstract of Nationwide Map of Telephone Numbers
Boundaries of the first-digit in the area code Sapporo
Boundaries of the second-digit in the area code
Ex. MIC(Tokyo): +81-3-5253-5111
Kyoto Kobe 11: Sapporo 3: Tokyo 44: Kawasaki 45: Yokohama 52: Nagoya Tokyo 6: Osaka Nagoya Kawasaki 75: Kyoto 78: Kobe Yokohama
Osaka We have about 600 area codes.
11 Transition in designated telecom numbers in Japan
Status of service of telecom numbers at the end of Mar. 2007 are as follows. *The total telecom carrier offering to subscribers. ¾ Mobile phone use is increasing. Red indicates in service ratio of designated numbers Blue indicates number of telecom carriers
41 29.5% 42 32.4% Fixed phone 43 32.1%
27 48.8% 28 51.9.% IP phone 29 52.5% Mar. 2007 2 31.9% Mar. 2006 Mar. 2005 12 35.4% PHS 14 31.2%
13 74.1% 13 73.7% mobile 12 73.6%
Unit:1000 numbers 12 Source: MIC Japan Example of the Change Numbers
Fixed phone Numbers in Tokyo 9 to 10 digits
Before After
03 - □□□ - ×××× 01/Jan/1991 03 – △□□□ - ×××× (9digits) (10 digits)
Mobile phone Numbers 10 to 11 digits (January 1, 1999) 10 digits 11 digits
0 △ 0 □□ ××××× 0 9 0 △ □□ ××××× 0 1 0 □□ ××××× 0 9 0 1 □□ ××××× 0 2 0 □□ ××××× 01/Jan/1999 0 9 0 2 □□ ××××× 0 3 0 □□ ××××× 0 9 0 3 □□ ××××× 0 4 0 □□ ××××× 0 9 0 4 □□ ××××× 0 8 0 □□ ××××× 0 9 0 8 □□ ×××××
△ Ex. 080-12-34567 090-812-34567 13 MNP (Mobile Number Portability)
14 Outline携帯電話の番号ポータビリティの導入 of Mobile Number Portability in Japan
Mobile Number Portability 携帯電話事業者のChanging mobile phone変更 carrier The system allows mobile telephone users to change their carriers without changing their telephone numbers. CarrierＡ社 A Carrier BＢ社
090－1234ー5678（(Ex.)例）
Improve user benefit Promote competition among The same number 同じ電話番号をcan be used mobile phone carriers 継続して利用可能 ongoingly Background
○Amendment of Rules for Telecommunication Numbers (Feb. 2006) All mobile carriers were required to implement number portability by Nov. 1, 2006. ○All mobile carriers launched the operation of number portability from Oct. 24, 2006. *Feb. 2008 Measures were taken so that MVNO users would also be ensured of number portability (Amendment of Rules for Telecommunication Numbers)
Effects of Introduction
○Appox. 8.89 million users have taken advantage of mobile number portability system. ○Introduction of number portability not only increased the benefit of users who use it, but also the benefit of all mobile phone users by promoting the competition among mobile carriers to release new terminals and to renew price plans, etc. 15 Outline of Ministerial Ordinance (Rules for Telecommunications Numbers)
Outline of the Rules
The Ministerial Ordinance require that all mobile phone carriers ※ using the mobile phone numbers(080 or 090) have to take action as follows in order to implement the number portability certainly . (issued in February 2006) ※ except for ship satellite telephone ,satellite telephone ,and telephone for data communication service
① All mobile telephone carriers have to make it possible that users will change their service providers from one MNO（Mobile Network Mobile Network Mobile Network Operator） to another MNO with the same Operator A ① Operator B telephone number .
② All mobile telephone carriers have to make it ② ② ② possible that user will change their service providers from MNO to MVNO（Mobile Virtual ③ Network Operator ） or from MVNO to MNO with ＭＶＮＯ with ＭＶＮＯ with ＭＶＮＯ with MNO A the same telephone number . MNO A ③ MNO B ③ All mobile telephone carriers have to make it possible that user will change their service providers from one MVNO to another MVNO with the same telephone number .
16 16 The user ‘s willingness to use the mobile number portability ( according to the research before introduction of MNP)
Question１：Do you want to use the mobile number Question2：Do you have the willingness to use the portability? number portability if you must pay a usage fee? （Source: The research of mobile telephone carriers in Ans. I want to change Ans. I have no idea Japan） the carrier Ans. I want to that I will change Ans. I want to use use it actively. the carrier 14.6% it as possible 6.1% 20.8% only people to answer “I 3.6% want to change the carrier” or “I think Ans. I think whether to change the 19.1% Ans. I have no 22.4% whether to carrier” or “I have no opinion 22.4% change the opinion” in Question1 carrier Ans. Probably, I 19.8% Ans. I have no idea 18.4% think not to that I will use it change the carrier. 9.7% Ans. I have no opinion Ans. I don’t want to use it actively.
Question3： Do you have the willingness to use the There are requests for the mobile number number portability if you must pay the usage fee? portability.（About 37～57% people have the （Source: The research of MIC in Japan） willingness to use the number portability.） Ans. If necessary to pay the usage However, if the necessity to pay the usage fee fee, I accept the Ans. I will continue of number portability, the willingness to use it change of to use the same 25.1% telephone number, becomes low and depends on the level of fee. telephone 31.9% number. . even if pay a usage fee. The result of each researches show that Ans. It depends there are about 30% people with the on the usage fee willingness to use the mobile number 43.1% which to use it 17 portability, even though there are difference or not . 17 between them. 2 The Usage Fee of Mobile Number Portability
Mobile Phone Fee for a port-out Fee for a port-in Carriers
\2,100 (tax incl.) Free NTT DoCoMo (However, required new contract processing fee (approx.Rp.200.000) of \3,150 (tax incl.)) Free au (KDDI) \2,100 (tax incl.) (However, required new contract processing fee of \2,835 (tax incl.)) Free Softbank \2,100 (tax incl.) (However, required new contract processing fee of \2,835 (tax incl.)) Free e-mobile \2,100 (tax incl.) (However, required new contract processing fee of \2,835 (tax incl.))
18 Trends in the number of Users of Mobile Number Portability
The number of users of MNP is about 8.89 million as of the end of Feb. 2010. This accounts for about 8.0% of all mobile subscribers in Japan(111.515 million).
50 900 47 About 7.1%. 3 years after the start 800 About 5.5% 2 years after 40 38 the start 37 700 36 per Month About 3.4% Total 1 years after 600 31 the start 30 29 27 26 26 26 500 25 24 23 22 23 21 21 400
20 20 21 20 20 20 Total x10000 19 20 18 18 18 18 per Month 10000 x 17 17 16 16 15 15 15 15 15 15 300 14 12 12 200 10
100
0 0 19 MIC Japan Transition携帯電話の番号ポータビリティの導入s of Basic Monthly基本料金は低下 Charge for Mobile Phone Carriers
Unit: yen NTT DoCoMo Softbank Mobile Price in ( ) is of no-charge call
(approx. Rp.500.000)
June 1999 Nov. 2005 Oct. 2006 Sep. 2007 Sep. 2007 Jul. 2008 ((1)) ((2))
Started the Mobile Number Portability
* Rates are of basic plans of respective carriers
NTT DoCoMo June 1999: Plan A Nov. 2005, Oct. 2006: Type S Source: Quoted from Sep. 2007: Rates apply Type S for ((1)), and Type SS “Hitori demo wari 50“ for ((2)). reference materials in au June 1999, Nov. 2005, Oct. 2006: “Komikomi One Economy Plan for CDMA 1X Final Report (Mobile Sep. 2007: Rate for ((1)) apply the most discounted rate of “Komikomi One Economy ‘MY-Wari’” for CDMA 1X Business Kenkyukai, Rate for ((2)) apply Rate Type SS with Plan SS “Daredemo wari”. Sep. 2007) Softbank Mobile Oct. 2006: Campaign rate (9,800 yen → 2,880 yen) of “Gold Plan” until Jan.15, 2007 20 Sep. 2007: “White Plan” (After Jan. 16, 2009) The Reasons that Users have not changed Mobile Phone Carriers with Number Portability （ according to the research after introduction of MNP)
(three answers allowed)
My family, Long-time Troublesom Present A The current Wide calling A penalty The present Present Present boy (girl) use discount e procedure attractive commission services, area needed for company attractive attractive Others friend, is lost. charge plan, needed contents, canceling the provides charge plan contents. friends use etc. about when applications, long-term attractive about use of the present making calls. switching to and email use discount mobile Websites. mobile another addresses terminals. phone company. cannot be company. used on another phone.
Source: The web questionnaire survey in ”Evaluation of the Competition State in the Telecommunication Field 2006 “(July 2007) 21 Procedures for Usage / Remained Problems
Procedures for Usage
①Make reservation request for mobile number portability to carrier from Carrier from which user is ④ Carrier to which user is moving which user is moving. moving (new contract carrier) ②Carrier from which user is moving explains beforehand the conditions, (current contracted carrier) ④Contract with carrier from which user is moving etc. of breaking the contract and explains procedures for number is annulled after reservation Call Web portability; issues “reservation number”. Dealer number, etc. is checked center site Dealer ③User takes “reservation number” to dealer for carrier to which they are
moving and applies for a new contract through number portability. ②Explanation ③Reservation ④After the new carrier verifies the reservation number with the old carrier, prior to annulling number used contract; to apply for a the old contract is ended. explanation of new contract ⑤The new carrier processes the new contract and the user receives their procedures; that allows number to be ①Reservation receipt of new mobile phone. ② carried over ③ ⑤New carrier application ① reservation ⑤ number processes new If the procedures (for the reservation request for mobile number portability) contract and user receives new are done in advance by phone or through the Internet, the user need only go mobile phone to the dealer for the new carrier and fill out the forms needed for starting a Procedures carried out by users themselves new contract, etc. User
The time to proceed for a contract with number portability at the new carrier Procedures carried out through connection is about the same as for filling out the forms to start a new contract. between companies
Remained Problems
○A user’s current e-mail address is not portable. ○The services (fee plan, discount services, etc.) provided by the current contract’s mobile telephone carrier will end at the same time that the contract is annulled. ○There are cases where contents, e-money, etc. provided by the contents service provider cannot be transferred. ○There are cases where an additional fee is charged when an annual contract, etc. that includes a discount service is annulled. ○It is necessary to obtain a mobile phone from the new mobile telephone carrier after the user’s contract has been changed over. 22 Numbering Issues for NGN Era
- FMC (Fixed Mobile Convergence)
- ENUM
23 Prospective target issues concerning “numbering of NGN era”(1)
Identifying issues concerning the “impact of NGN on numbering plans”
24 Prospective target issues concerning “numbering of NGN era”(2)
Issue1. Accommodating new trend caused by NGN
Variety of terminals For example, M2M communication, in which the target for identification is extended from human users to machines)
Diverse type of applications They will be provided through open interfaces such as ANI and SVI.
Identification information differing from E.164 numbers there are chances that might be developed.
Point of views at this stage;
Basically E.164 will be kept using (at this stage). It should be systematized in order to accommodate the issues above.
25 Prospective target issues concerning “numbering of NGN era”(3)
Issue2. Meaning of service identification
As tariff identification, which places its basis on the distinction of numbering range (ex: fixed telephone number, mobile number, or IP phone number), is bound to become rather pointless. the meaning of service identification will need to be re-examined.
The Function of Number - Service identification - Location identification - Tariff identification - Quality identification - Social trust identification
How should these role should be considered in NGN Era?
26 Users’ Demand to Phone Number in Japan
Is it necessary to see the type of services Is it necessary to be able to guess (i.e. mobile or fixed) from numbers? the distance from numbers?
Probably Unnecessary Probably Unnecessary unnecessary 3.2% unnecessary 2.4% 0.9% 2.5% No opinion No opinion 4.5% 6.6%
Probably necessary Necessary 26.1% Necessary Probably necessary 57.6% 65.4% 30.9%
Is it necessary to be able to guess Is it necessary to keep quality of Do you trust users of fixed phone the amount of charges from numbers? fixed phone services high? because you can identify their locat Probably Unnecessary Probably No unnecessary No 5.5% no 1.2% 0.7% Probably no 5.5% No opinion 3.0% 7.8% 20.8%
No opinion Probably Yes 11.8% yes No opinion 57.6% Necessary 20.8% 36.9% 27.0% Yes 67.8% Probably Probably necessary yes 40.3% 36.9%
2005 User’s survey by MIC 27 Numbering in NGN era
1. Function of Numbers; Keep or Not? Function of number Point of view Transitional period After transition
Service identification Most users think it’s necessary. Keep Keep (ex. Fixed or Mobile) Location identification No need to keep location identification for keep Keep but reconsider routing, but most users want it. boundaries for efficient allocation. Tariff identification So far, users can guess charges by identifying Keep as long as differences No need to keep it after services or distance, but in NGN, difference of of charges among services all charges become same. charges will be getting smaller. exist. Quality identification At the present time, quality of fixed phone Keep as long as differences No need to keep it after expected to be better than that of mobile phone in of quality among services all quality becomes same. general, and quality of fixed phone should be exist. better than that of IP phone.
Social trust As location of fixed phone users can be identified, Keep to identify Fixed Keep to identify Fixed identification they have some more social trust than users of terminal. terminal. only mobile phone.
2.Numbers for New services What number should be allocated to new services will be considered one by one, thinking of their characters from the point of users view, at the time their systems become clear. 28 How to Designate Number to FMC ? (Japanese Experience)(1)
Example
＜So Far＞
When User A is out
Mobile Network 090 to mobile phone 090 【outdoor】
GW When User A is indoor User Ｂ 050 to IP phone IP phone network 050番号
【indoor】 ＜FMC (Transition Period to NGN＞ Home Location Register Only one number is used When User A is out
Mobile Network 0９0 to Both mobile and IP Phone 【Outdoor】
GW When User A is indoor
User Ｂ
IP Network Wireless Lan 29 29 【Indoor】 How to Designate Number to FMC ? (Japanese Experience)(2)
Example
＜FMC (NGN＞
Only one number is used When User A is out
Location Management Server 0９0 to Both mobile and 【Outdoor】 IP Phone
When User A is indoor
User Ｂ Core Network Wireless Lan 【Indoor】
30 30 How to Designate Number to FMC ? (Japanese Experience)(3)
Points to be Considered 1. New number should be designated to new services.
2. Numbers already designated can be used unless users are not confused*. *Numbers are expected to make it possible for users to identify services, tariff, location, quality and social trust.
Process of Consideration
② ① Designate New Number? Use current Number? - Location free number - Fixed phone number （080/090(Cellular)、 （0AB） 070(PHS)、 050(IP Phone） New numbers should be designated to new Is it convenient for users? services. 0A0 is for location free services Is Influence to users expected to be small from the viewpoints of distinction services, tariff, location, quality and social trust ?
060 will be designated. 050,070,080&090 can be used 0AB～Ｊ cannot be used with some conditions at this stage.
Reconsidered as the need arises when migration to NGN progresses 31 Situation of ENUM in Japan(1)
• Participants – Companies, organizations, and individuals who hope to contribute to ETJP activities
• Purpose – Perform ENUM trials to ensure functioning and feasibility of basic technical facility – Demonstration of technology for international use (in 2006, implemented trial to connect oversea by 1.8.e164.arpa) – Accumulation and sharing of know-how about ENUM – DNS operation for ENUM Trial – Feasibility test of communication applications (device, software) using ENUM – Feasibility test of communication services
• Results – Technical verification • Communication devices and software provided by participants • Communication services – Clarification and consideration of relevant issues 32 Situation of ENUM in Japan(2)
At the present time in Japan There is no company which actually provide ENUM services. After 2006, few activities can be seen.
33