Page 89 of 114 European Respiratory Journal 1 2 3 4 Trilateral overlap between tuberculosis, diabetes and HIV-1 in a high burden African 5 6 setting: Implications for TB control. 7 8 9 10 11 Tolu Oni 1,2 MD(Res), Natacha Berkowitz 1,2 MBChB, Mmamapudi Kubjane 1 MPH, Rene 12 13 Goliath 2 BSc(Hons), Naomi S Levitt**3 MD, Robert J Wilkinson**2,4,5 PhD. 14 15 16 1. Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, 17 18 19 University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa. 20 21 2. Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease 22 23 24 and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa. 25 26 27 3. Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur 28 29 Hospital, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa and Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa. 30 31 32 4. The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 2AT, United Kingdom. 33 34 5. Department of Medicine, Impreial College London W2 1PG, United Kingdom. 35 36 37 38 39 40 *Corresponding author: Associate Professor Tolu Oni, Room 4.41, Entrance 5, Level 4, 41 42 Falmouth building, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio road, 43 44 45 Observatory, Cape Town 7925. Tel: +27 21 650 1299. Email:
[email protected] 46 47 48 **Joint Senior Authors 49 50 Key words: tuberculosis (TB), diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired glucose regulation (IGR), 51 52 53 determinants, HIV-1, sub-Saharan Africa, South Africa.