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The Status of Private Tuition in Public Secondary Schools In THE STATUS OF PRIVATE TUITION IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN MIIRIGAMIERU WEST DIVISION, IMENTI NORTH DISTRICT BY MBURUGU HELLEN N. E55/10261/08 A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT, POLICY AND CURRICULUM STUDIES KENYATTA UNIVERSITY MAY, 2011 DECLARATION This is my original work and has not been submitted for any other programme in any other university. ……………………………………. Date…………………………………… Mburugu Hellen N. Reg. No: E55/10261/08 We confirm that this research project was done by the student under our supervision. 1. Signed:______________________________ Date:_________________ Prof. Grace Bunyi Associate Professor Department of Educational Management, Policy and Curriculum Studies 2. Signed:_______________________________ Date:__________________ Dr. Wilfrida Itolondo Lecturer Department of Educational Management, Policy and Curriculum Studies ii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my father and my late mother who sacrificed a lot for my education and my son Kelvin who has been a great source of encouragement. May this work be a great inspiration to him in his studies. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost I am grateful to the Almighty God for continuously renewing my strength, keeping me healthy and providing for me and my family during my study period. There are individuals and institutions that have in one way or another contributed to the success of my this work. I acknowledge the guidance and advice of my supervisors Prof. Grace Bunyi and Dr. Fridah Itolondo that has contributed a lot to my knowing how to write a research project. I also acknowledge the role of my lecturers who have taught and guided me in various units. I am most grateful to my dad, my son, my husband, my brother Steve and his family who have all been a great help and sources of encouragement. Lastly, I thank The Teachers Service Commission for granting me leave which has enabled me to undertake this study. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page………………………………………………………………………… i Declaration……………………………………………………………………….. ii Dedication………………………………………………………………………… iii Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………… iv Table of Contents………………………………………………………………… v List of Tables……………………………………………………………………. viii List of Figures……………………………………………………………………. ix Acronyms ………………..……………………………………………………… x Abstract…………………………………………………………………………... xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION………………………………………… 1 1.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………… 1 1.2 Background to the Study…………………………………………………… 1 1.3 Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………… 6 1.4 Objectives of the Study……………………………………………………… 7 1.5 Research Questions…………………………………………………………… 8 1.6 Significance of the Study……………………………………………………... 8 1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study………………………………………… 9 1.8 Basic Assumptions of the Study…………………………………………….. 9 1.9 Theoretical Framework……………………………………………………… 9 1.8.1 Conceptual Framework…………………………………………………… 11 1.10 Definition of Operational Terms…………………………………………… 14 v CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………… 15 2.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………… 15 2.2 The Extent of Private Tuition in secondary Schools………………………… 15 2.3 Perception of Stakeholders on Private Tuition in Public Secondary School…. 21 2.4 Forms of Private Tuition…………………………………...………………… 22 2.5 The Status on Effectiveness of the Ban on Private Tuition………………… 24 2.6 Summary…………………………………………………………………… 26 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY……………………… 28 3.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………….. 28 3.1 Research Design……………………………………………………………… 28 3.3 Study Locale…………………………………………………………………. 28 3.4 Target Population……………………………………………………………… 29 3.5 Sample and Sampling Techniques…………………………………………… 29 3.6 Research Instruments………………………………………………………… 31 3.6.1 Questionnaire for teachers………………………………………… 31 3.6.2 Questionnaire for Students………………………………………… 32 3.6.3 Interview Schedule for Principal…………………………………… 32 3.6.4 Interview schedule for parents……………………………………… 33 3.7 Pilot Study……………..……………………………………………………… 33 3.8 Data Collection Procedures…………………………………………………… 33 3.9 Data Analysis………………………………………………………………… 34 vi CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION & DISCUSSION 36 4.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………… 36 4.2 The Extent of the Practice of private Tuition in secondary school in Miirigamieru West Division, Imenti North District………………………… 37 4.3 The forms private tuition takes in public secondary schools in Miirigamieru… 41 4.4 The perception of stakeholder (student, teachers and parents) on private tuition in public secondary schools in Miirigamieru………………………… 50 4.5 Why the ban on private tuition has not Ben 100% successful in Miirigamieru West Division, Imenti North District………………….…………………… 53 CHAPTER FIVE:……………………………………………………………… 59 5.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………… 59 5.2 Summary of the Findings…………………………………………………… 59 5.3 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………… 61 5.4 Recommendations…………………………………………………………… 61 5.5 Areas for further research…………………………………………………… 63 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………… 64 APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………… 71 Appendix I: Letter of Introduction…………………………………………….. 71 Appendix II: Questionnaire for Teachers……………..………………………… 71 Appendix III: Questionnaire for Students……………………………………… 79 Appendix IV: Interview Schedule for Principals…..…………………………… 85 Appendix V: Interview Schedule for Parents…………………………………… 92 Appendix VI: Research authorization –NCST Permit…………………………… 95 Appendix VII: Research authorized –NCST letter……………………………… 96 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Sample of Respondents……………………………………………… 31 Table 4.1: Practice of Private Tuition ………………………………………….. 37 Table 4.2: Proportion Teachers involved in Private Tuition …………………….. 39 Table 4.3: Classes involved in Private Tuition…………………………………. 40 Table 4.4: What Form Does Private Tuition Take? – Teachers………………… 42 Table 4.5: Number of Students involved in Private Tuition……………………. 43 Table 4.6: Forms of Private Tuition……………………………………………… 44 Table 4.7: Timing per Session during Private Tuition…………………………. 45 Table 4.8: Payment of Tuition Fees…………………………………………… 48 Table 4.9: Work covered during Private Tuition……………………………… 49 Table 4.10: Students Response to the Continuation of the Private Tuition ……… 50 Table 4.11: Reasons for the continuation of Private Tuition despite the Ban…. 55 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Conceptual Framework of the Study……………………………….. 12 Figure 4.1: Category of Students Taught during Tuition………………………. 38 Figure 4.2: Duration for the Holiday Tuition ………………………………….. 46 Figure 4.3 Tuition Fees…………………………………………………………. 47 Figure 4.4: Students response to the Continuation of the Private Tuition………. 51 Figure 4.5: Parents response to the Continuation of the Private Tuition………… 53 ix ACRONYMS ICTs: Information Communication Technologies K.U: Kenyatta University KNUT: Kenya National Union of Teachers MOE& HR: Ministry of Education & Human Resources MoE: Ministry of Education MoEST: Ministry of Education Science and Technology PE: Physical Education PTA: Parents Teachers Association x ABSTRACT Despite the repeated banning of private tuition by the Ministry of Education in Kenya, the practice of private tuition has been on the increase. This calls for an investigation into the status and the reasons for the existence of the practice of private tuition despite the ban. The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of private tuition in public secondary schools in Miirigamweru West Division, Imenti North District. The study aimed at achieving the following specific objectives: to establish the extent of the practice of private tuition in public secondary schools in the division, to find out the forms private tuition takes in public secondary schools in the division, to determine the perception of stakeholders (students, teachers and parents) on private tuition in public secondary schools in the division and to establish why the ban on private tuition has not been 100% successful in public secondary schools in the division. Descriptive survey design was used for the study. Eight schools (representing 40% of the schools) were used for this study. Simple random sampling technique was used to sample 8 schools for the study. A total of 192 respondents were sampled for the study. This constituted 8 principals, 40 teachers, 128 students and 16 parents. Out of the targeted sample, a total of 171 responded (121 students, 30 teachers, 8 principals and 12 parents) giving a response rate of 89%. Systematic random sampling technique was used to sample student respondents for the study while a simple random sampling technique was used to sample teacher respondents. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample parents for the study. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used as instruments for data collection. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations were used to describe the data. The analyzed data were presented in the form of pie charts, bar graphs and tables where necessary. The study found that private tuition is practiced in the schools studied. This was evidenced by the fact that private tuition was made compulsory as mentioned by 91.7 % of the parents interviewed. The study also found that the forms of private tuition prevalent are those offered in the evening, during the weekends and those offered during school holidays. Regarding the perception of private tuition by stakeholders, it was found that most teachers (26, 86.7%) and the students (100, 82.6%) wanted private tuition to continue
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