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Guinea's 2008 Military Coup and Relations with the United States
Guinea's 2008 Military Coup and Relations with the United States Alexis Arieff Analyst in African Affairs Nicolas Cook Specialist in African Affairs July 16, 2009 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R40703 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Guinea's 2008 Military Coup and Relations with the United States Summary Guinea is a Francophone West African country on the Atlantic coast, with a population of about 10 million. It is rich in natural resources but characterized by widespread poverty and limited socio-economic growth and development. While Guinea has experienced regular episodes of internal political turmoil, it was considered a locus of relative stability over the past two decades, a period during which each of its six neighbors suffered one or more armed internal conflicts. Guinea entered a new period of political uncertainty on December 23, 2008, when a group of junior and mid-level military officers seized power, hours after the death of longtime president and former military leader Lansana Conté. Calling itself the National Council for Democracy and Development (CNDD, after its French acronym), the junta named as interim national president Captain Moussa Dadis Camara, previously a relatively unknown figure. The junta appointed a civilian prime minister and has promised to hold presidential and legislative elections by late 2009. However, some observers fear that rivalries within the CNDD, Dadis Camara's lack of national leadership experience, and administrative and logistical challenges could indefinitely delay the transfer of power to a democratically elected civilian administration. Guinea has never undergone a democratic or constitutional transfer of power since gaining independence in 1958, and Dadis Camara is one of only three persons to occupy the presidency since that time. -
Table of Contents
GUINEA COUNTRY READER TABLE OF CONTENTS George Lambrakis 1959-1961 Administrative Officer, Conakry John Howard Morrow 1959-1961 Ambassador, Guinea William Attwood 1961-1963 Ambassador, Guinea Stephen Low 1963-1965 Guinea and Mali Desk Officer, Washington, DC James Moceri 1965-1967 Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Conakry Peter O. Sellar 1966-1968 Program Officer, USAID, Conakry Robinson McIlvaine 1966-1969 Ambassador, Guinea Albert A. Thibault 1969-1971 Political/Economic Officer, Conakry Donald R. Norland 1970-1972 Deputy Chief of Mission, Conakry Johnny Young 1970-1972 General Services Officer, Conakry Roy T. Haverkamp 1972-1974 Deputy Chief of Mission, Conakry Terence A. Todman 1972-1975 Ambassador, Guinea William C. Harrop 1975-1977 Ambassador, Guinea Richard C. Howland 1978 Office of the Inspector General, Washington, DC Walter J. Sherwin 1979-1982 AID Affairs Officer, Conakry Allen C. Davis 1980-1983 Ambassador, Guinea Kathryn Clark-Bourne 1982-1985 Deputy Chief of Mission, Conakry Gregory T. Frost 1988-1991 Deputy Chief of Mission, Conakry Tibor Peter Nagy, Jr. 1996-1999 Ambassador, Guinea 1 Joyce E. Leader 1999-2000 Ambassador, Guinea GEORGE LAMBRAKIS Administrative Officer Conakry (1959-1961) George Lambrakis was born in Illinois in 1931. After receiving his bachelor’s degree from Princeton University in 1952, he went on to earn his master’s degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1953 and his law degree from Tufts University in 1969. His career has included positions in Saigon, Pakse, Conakry, Munich, Tel Aviv, and Teheran. Mr. Lambrakis was interviewed by Charles Stuart Kennedy in June 2002. LAMBRAKIS: Bill Lewis was my immediate boss. And after two years in INR I was given my choice of three African assignments, I chose Conakry because it was a brand new post, and I spoke French. -
Prospects for Peace in Guinea Hearing Committee
PROSPECTS FOR PEACE IN GUINEA HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA AND GLOBAL HEALTH OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MARCH 22, 2007 Serial No. 110–32 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Affairs ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.foreignaffairs.house.gov/ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 34–242PDF WASHINGTON : 2007 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS TOM LANTOS, California, Chairman HOWARD L. BERMAN, California ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American DAN BURTON, Indiana Samoa ELTON GALLEGLY, California DONALD M. PAYNE, New Jersey DANA ROHRABACHER, California BRAD SHERMAN, California DONALD A. MANZULLO, Illinois ROBERT WEXLER, Florida EDWARD R. ROYCE, California ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York STEVE CHABOT, Ohio BILL DELAHUNT, Massachusetts THOMAS G. TANCREDO, Colorado GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York RON PAUL, Texas DIANE E. WATSON, California JEFF FLAKE, Arizona ADAM SMITH, Washington JO ANN DAVIS, Virginia RUSS CARNAHAN, Missouri MIKE PENCE, Indiana JOHN S. TANNER, Tennessee THADDEUS G. MCCOTTER, Michigan LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California JOE WILSON, South Carolina SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas JOHN BOOZMAN, Arkansas RUBE´ N HINOJOSA, Texas J. GRESHAM BARRETT, South Carolina DAVID WU, Oregon CONNIE MACK, Florida BRAD MILLER, North Carolina JEFF FORTENBERRY, Nebraska LINDA T. SA´ NCHEZ, California MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas DAVID SCOTT, Georgia TED POE, Texas JIM COSTA, California BOB INGLIS, South Carolina ALBIO SIRES, New Jersey LUIS G. -
Music for a Revolution the Sound Archives of Radio Tlvision Guine.Pdf
EDITED BY MAJA KOMINKQ. From Dust to Digital Ten Years of the Endangered Archives Programme Edited by Maja Kominko Chapter 17 http://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2015 Maja Kominko. Copyright of individual chapters is maintained by the chapters’ authors. This work as a whole is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Non-derivative 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work for personal and non-commercial use providing author attribution is clearly stated. However it should be noted than the individual chapters are each licenced under more permissive Creative Commons licences, most usually a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0) which allows you to adapt the work and to make commercial use of those contributions providing attribution is made to the author(s) (but not in any way that suggests that they endorses you or your use of the work). Information on copyright and Creative Commons licence applied to individual chapters is provided on the first page of each chapter. Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 In all cases attribution should include the following information: Maja Kominko (ed.), From Dust to Digital: Ten Years of the Endangered Archives Programme. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0052 Unless otherwise stated in the List of illustrations or in the List of recordings the copyright and Creative Commons licence associated to images, maps, tables and recordings within a chapter is the same as for the associated chapter. -
“We Have Lived in Darkness” RIGHTS a Human Rights Agenda for Guinea’S New Government WATCH
Guinea HUMAN “We Have Lived in Darkness” RIGHTS A Human Rights Agenda for Guinea’s New Government WATCH “We Have Lived in Darkness” A Human Rights Agenda for Guinea’s New Government Copyright © 2011 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-772-8 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org May 2011 ISBN: 1-56432-772-8 “We Have Lived in Darkness” A Human Rights Agenda for Guinea’s New Government Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 Recommendations .............................................................................................................. 4 To the New Government of Guinea and President .................................................................. 4 To Address Accountability for Past Abuses and Create a Culture of Respect for Human Rights ............................................................................................................................ -
2000 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor February 23, 2001
Guinea Page 1 of 16 Guinea Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor February 23, 2001 Guinea is a constitutional republic in which effective power is concentrated in a strong presidency. President Lansana Conte has ruled since 1984, when he led the only successful coup d'etat in the country's history, first as head of a military junta, and since 1994 as a civilian president elected in 1993. Guinea held its first multiparty legislative elections in 1995, delivering more than 60 percent of the National Assembly seats to President Conte's Party of Unity and Progress (PUP). The PUP is one seat short of the number required to amend the Constitution. Although the PUP continues to dominate all three branches of Government, opposition parties on occasion have persuaded PUP Members of Parliament, including the National Assembly leadership, to vote with the opposition on specific legislative matters. Conte won a second 5-year term in a December 1998 election that was marred by violence and civil unrest before and after election day, widespread and diverse irregularities that tended to favor the incumbent, and the arrest and detention of major opposition candidates during the vote-counting process. Nevertheless, the election was much more transparent and fair than the 1993 election. In the 1998 presidential election, the Government continued to dominate the electoral process and did not create an independent electoral commission as initially demanded by both opposition parties and ruling party dissidents; instead, it struck a compromise with the opposition and formed a High Council for Electoral Affairs, composed of representatives from many parties, but with authority limited to local vote counting and the transmission of results. -
Report to Me
United Nations S/2009/693 Security Council Distr.: General 18 December 2009 English Original: French Letter dated 18 December 2009 addressed to the President of the Security Council by the Secretary-General I have the honour to refer to my decision, transmitted to the Security Council on 28 October 2009, to establish an international Commission of Inquiry to investigate the violence that took place in Conakry on 28 September 2009. In this regard, I wish to inform the members of the Security Council that the Commission has just completed its mission and has submitted its final report to me. As you are aware, the Commission was given a mandate to establish the facts of the events of 28 September 2009, qualify the crimes perpetrated, determine responsibilities, where possible, identify those responsible, and make recommendations. By this letter, I wish to transmit to the members of the Security Council a copy of the final report of the Commission (see annex). I also plan to transmit the report to the interim Head of State of the Republic of Guinea, the Commission of the African Union and the Commission of the Economic Community of West African States. In my letter to the Government of Guinea, I recalled its obligation to provide protection for victims and witnesses, in particular those who cooperated with the Commission. I also emphasized the urgent need for the Government of Guinea to seize the opportunity presented by the report to turn away once and for all from the violence which characterized the tragic events of 28 September 2009. I should therefore be grateful if you would bring the present letter and its annex to the attention of the members of the Security Council. -
The Challenge of Guinean Independence, 1958-1971
THE CHALLENGE OF GUINEAN INDEPENDENCE, 1958-1971 by Mairi Stewart MacDonald A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of History University of Toronto © Copyright by Mairi Stewart MacDonald, 2009 THE CHALLENGE OF GUINEAN INDEPENDENCE, 1958-1971 Doctor of Philosophy, 2009 Mairi Stewart MacDonald Graduate Department of History, University of Toronto Abstract Since the end of French colonial rule in Guinea, “independence” has held a central place in its political culture. Implying both dignity and self-determination for the sovereign people which possesses it, independence is a concept that has meaning only in relation to other nation-states and cultures. Yet the political elite that dominated Guinea’s First Republic constructed a new national culture around this concept. The Challenge of Guinean Independence, 1958-1971 examines Guinea’s assertion of its right to independence and the response of powerful Western players, especially the United States and France, as Guinea challenged their assumptions about the nature of African sovereignty. Considering the history of the international relations of a single African state that enjoyed limited international power and prestige challenges conventions in the historiography of both Africa and international relations. It illuminates and contextualizes expectations concerning the meaning of modernity, African sovereignty as a matter of international law, and the end of formal colonial rule coinciding with the tensions and competitions of the Cold War. The study demonstrates that the international context played a crucial role, both in conditioning the timing and form of decolonization and in shaping the international community’s adaptation of colonial patterns of economic and political interaction to the new reality of African nation-states. -
Democratic Governance in Guinea: an Assessment
DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE IN GUINEA: AN ASSESSMENT Associates in Rural Development Sheldon Gellar Bob Groelsema Mamadou Kante Mary Reintsma December. 19, 1994 \ \ TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS vi I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARy 1 II. INTRODUCTION 6 A. Assessment of Purposes, Scope, and Methodology 6 B. Conceptual Approach and Analytical Framework 9 1. USAID and Democratic Governance 9 2. Rules, Incentives, and Behavior 10 3. The Democratic Disciplines and Democratic Governance .. 12 III. TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY: THE POLITICAL, CULTURAL, AND ECONOMIC CONTEXT 14 A. Guinea's Political Evolution: The Weight of History in Shaping Political Behavior and Institutional Dynamics 14 1. Precolonial History 14 2. The Colonial Conquest 15 3. The Autocratic Phase of French Colonial Rule (1890- 1945) 16 4. Decolonization to Independence (1945-1958) 17 5. Sekou Toure and the First Republic (1958-1984) 18 6. Military Rule and the Second Republic(1984-1990) 24 B. Historical Socio-Communitary Values of Guinean Society.. 27 1. Traditional Values and Political Behavior 27 2. Values and Attitudes Affecting Political Behavior Rooted in Modern Times 33 C. The Economic Context: Democratic Governance and Economic Development 36 1. Background and Recent Economic Performance 36 2. Democratic Governance and Economic Development: Institutional Dynamics , 39 ii IV. THE GUINEAN STATE: INSTITUTIONAL DYNAMICS AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOR 55 A. The Guinean Constitution (Loi Fondamentale) and Organic Laws Creating the political System of the Third Republic ... 56 1. The Making of the Constitution 56 2. Constitutional Analysis and the Democratic Disciplines 57 B. Executive Branch: Institutional Dynamics 67 1. Formal Rules and Structures 67 2. Executive Behavior and Coalition Politics 69 3. -
Guinea's President and Prosecutor
Guinea's president and prosecutor SENEGAL use of special, summary courts for sentencing MALI GUINEA.BISSAU • political prisoners B u Koundara torture of political prisoners to extract Lani 'confessions' GUINEA Dabol• use of the death penalty and the high death rate Kindla Kankan paranah among political prisoners Conakry ATIANTIC OCEAN HARSH CONDITIONS OF IMPRISONMENT Etemwo Conditions of imprisonment are reported to be very SIERRA LEONE severe in all Guinea's prison camps, especially at Wzirkork Camp Boiro (in Conakry) and Kindia (about 100 kilometres inland from Conakry). Among the worst LIBERIA aspects of prison conditions are: IVORY Momvis COAST Overcrowded cells - there are sometimes 12 'Those who wish to think he is dead are free to do so prisoners in poorly ventilated cells intended for and those who want to think he is alive are free to three or four people do so'. Fily Cissako, Guinean Minister for Foreign Affairs, Food and water are only supplied in minimal June 1977. quantities. Prisoners often receive only one or two litres of water each day, which is insufficient for drinking, let alone washing Is Diallo Telli dead or alive? This is the sort of purposes. Many prisoners suffer from diseases question that is asked about prisoners of conscience caused by lack of vitamins (beri-beri and scurvy, in Guinea (Conakry). Telli, the former Secretary General of the Organisation of African Unity (GAU), for example) and protein (kwashiorkor). Other Minister of Justice in Guinea and Guinean prisoners have become blind or deaf, or else are unable to walk as a result of malnutrition. -
Chronologie Des Événements Concernant La Guinée Et Fria –Friguia De 1942-1987
Chronologie des événements concernant la Guinée et Fria –Friguia de 1942-1987 La Guinée Fria/Friguia 1942 Recherches minières de Pechiney dans les Régions de Kindia, Dabola. 20 déc. 45/4 janv. 46 : grève de la poste qui se termine par la victoire des grévistes, Sékou Touré étant secrétaire général du syndicat. 1945 Octobre : Congrès constitutif du RDA à Bamako. Poursuite des recherches minières jusqu’en 1955. Novembre : 11 députés RDA entre au Palais Bourbon. 1946 Nombreuses missions en Guinée de MM. Mater et Jouven durant cette période. Mai : constitution du PDG, section guinéenne du RDA. Madeira Keïta secrétaire général. 1947 1948 à 1951 : Roland Pré-gouverneur de Guinée développe une politique de recherche minière et voit dans la Guinée un futur 1948 Katanga. Au congrès de la Paix à Varsovie, Sékou Touré est élu membre du présidium du conseil Mondial de la Paix. 1950 11 au 14 juin : Sékou Touré en prison, relâché sous la pression populaire. Création de la SAREPA (société de Recherche et d’Etudes pout 25 janvier : Sékou Touré, révoqué de l’administration par le 1951 l’Aluminium) par Pechiney et Ugine. Gouverneur Siriex, devient militant syndicaliste à plein temps. La SAREPA poursuit les recherches minières en guinée sur les gisements de Fatala, de Dabola, de Kindia et du Badi-Konkouré. Sékou Touré battu aux législatives nationales. Premières conclusions de l’étude des ressources électriques réalisée en liaison avec EDF. M. Jouven visite le gisement de Fria. Sékou Touré devient secrétaire général du PDG après la mutation de Madeira Kéïta au Dahomey devenu Bénin. 1952 Novembre : Sékou Touré déclenche une grève générale pour l’application du code du Travail. -
Fictions of African Dictatorship Examines the Fictional Representation of the African Dictator and the Performance of Dictatorship Across Genres
w race and resistance across borders in the long twentieth century Fictions of African Dictatorship examines the fictional representation of the African dictator and the performance of dictatorship across genres. The volume includes Fictions of African Dictatorship FICTIONS contributions focusing on literature, theatre and film, all of which examine the relationship between the fictional and the political. Among the questions the contributors ask: what are the implications of reading a novel for its historical content or accuracy? How does the dictator novel interrogate ideas of verac- OF AFRICAN ity? How is power performed and ridiculed? How do different writers reflect on questions of authority in the postcolony, and what are the effects on their stories and modes of narration? This volume untangles some of the intricate workings of dictatorial power in the postcolony, through twelve close readings of works of fiction. It interrogates the intersections between real and literary space, exploring DICTATORSHIP censorship, political critique and creative resistance. Insights into a wide range of lesser known texts and contexts make this volume an original and insightful contribution to scholarship on representations of dictatorship. Baker and Grayson (eds) Cultural Representations Charlotte Baker is Senior Lecturer in French and Francophone Studies at Lancas- ter University. Her research focuses on Francophone and Anglophone African of Postcolonial Power literature. She is working on a monograph examining the critical engagement of post-independence West African writers with dictatorship. She is also interested in the potential of the arts to bring about social change, particularly for people Edited by Charlotte Baker in sub-Saharan Africa with the genetic condition albinism, and has published widely in this field.