황칠나무(Dendropanax Morbiferus Lev.) 잎 에탄올

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황칠나무(Dendropanax Morbiferus Lev.) 잎 에탄올 저작자표시-비영리-변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는 아래의 조건을 따르는 경우에 한하여 자유롭게 l 이 저작물을 복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연 및 방송할 수 있습니다. 다음과 같은 조건을 따라야 합니다: 저작자표시. 귀하는 원저작자를 표시하여야 합니다. 비영리. 귀하는 이 저작물을 영리 목적으로 이용할 수 없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는 이 저작물을 개작, 변형 또는 가공할 수 없습니다. l 귀하는, 이 저작물의 재이용이나 배포의 경우, 이 저작물에 적용된 이용허락조건 을 명확하게 나타내어야 합니다. l 저작권자로부터 별도의 허가를 받으면 이러한 조건들은 적용되지 않습니다. 저작권법에 따른 이용자의 권리는 위의 내용에 의하여 영향을 받지 않습니다. 이것은 이용허락규약(Legal Code)을 이해하기 쉽게 요약한 것입니다. Disclaimer 碩士學位論文 황칠나무(Dendropanax morbiferus Lev.) 잎 에탄올 추출물의 항균 및 항산화활성 濟州大學校 大學院 食品工學科 李 守 敬 2017年 2月 황칠나무(Dendropanax morbiferus Lev.) 잎 에탄올 추출물의 항균 및 항산화활성 指導敎授 朴 恩 珍 李 守 敬 이 論文을 工學 碩士學位 論文으로 提出함 2017年 2月 金昭延의 工學 碩士學位 論文을 認准함 審査委員長 高 榮 煥 印 委 員 千 智 連 印 委 員 朴 恩 珍 印 濟州大學校 大學院 2017年 2月 Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of ethanol leaf extract of Dendropanax morbiferus Lev. Sugyeong Lee (Supervised by professor Eun-Jin Park) A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering 2016. 12. This thesis has been examined and approved. Young-Hwan Ko, Thesis director, Prof of Food Science and Engineering Ji-Yeon Chun, Prof of Food Science and Engineering Eun-Jin Park, Prof of Food Science and Engineering Dec. 2016 Department of Food Science and Engineering GRADUATE SCHOOL JEJU NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 목 차 Abstract ························································································································1 1. 서론 ····························································································································2 2. 재료 및 방법 2.1. 황칠나무 잎 추출 및 보관 ············································································5 2.2. 사용균주 및 배양조건 ····················································································5 2.3. 항균활성 ············································································································8 2.4. 최소저해농도 ····································································································8 2.5. 최소사멸농도 ····································································································8 2.6. 생육저해 효과 ··································································································9 2.7. 항산화 활성 ······································································································9 2.8. 통계처리 ··········································································································10 3. 결과 및 고찰 3.1. 항균활성 ············································································································11 3.2. 최소저해농도와 최소사멸농도 ······································································13 3.3. 생육저해 효과 ··································································································15 3.4. 항산화 효과 ······································································································16 4. 결론 ·························································································································22 국문요약 ····················································································································25 참고문헌 ····················································································································26 Abstract In this study the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the ethanol leaf extract of Dendropanax morbiferus Lev. from Jeju Island were investigated. Of the fourteen strains of twelve species of microorganisms tested, the extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against seven gram-positive bacteria of six species, but not against five gram-negative bacteria and a yeast strain. The diameter of the growth-inhibition zone by disc diffusion method increased with the increase of the extract concentration and the strongest growth inhibition was observed against Staphylococcus aureus KCTC 1916 at 5 mg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was between 2.5 mg/ml and 15 mg/ml, where the lowest concentration was against Bacillus cereus KACC 12672 and the highest concentration was against Enterococcus faecalis KCTC 3206. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values defined as being ≧ 99.9% reduction in viable cells against the tested strains were higher than the MIC values. Time killing curves using the optimum MIC were drawn on seven strains for 48 hr. Although the growth of B. cereus KACC 12672 was detected after 12 hr’s incubation, no significant growth was observed in the other strains during incubation for 48 hr. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of the ethanol leaf extract was similar to that of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). These results indicate that the leaf extract of Dendropanax morbiferus Lev. can be utilized as a natural preservative and antioxidant. - 1 - 1. 서론 식품관련 산업에서 가장 중요하게 고려해야 할 부분은 식품의 위생과 안전이 다. 식품관련 산업의 규모가 커지고 활성화되는 만큼 식품위생 및 안전과 관련된 식중독 발생률도 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 이를 뒷받침해주는 근거로 식품의약품안 전처의 식중독 통계자료를 살펴보면 식중독 전체 발생건수는 2002년 78건(환자 수 2,980건)에서 2015년 330건(환자수 5,947건)으로 약 4배 이상의 차이를 보이며 점차 증가하고 있다[KFDA, 2015]. 식품의약품안전처의 식중독 발생건수는 원인 물질별로 크게 세균 및 바이러스, 자연독, 화학물질, 불명(원인물질을 알 수 없는 경우)등으로 분류되어있는데, 2015년도 전체 식중독 발생건수 중 불명인 경우 43.6%를 제외하고 세균성 식중독이 56.4%를 차지하였다. 원인미생물별 발생빈도 를 살펴보면 Norovirus가 17.6%를 차지하였고 다음으로 병원성 Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus 등이 있었다[KFDA, 2015]. 식중독 발생률 증가의 원인 중 하나로 즉석섭취·편의식품류에 해당하는 즉석섭 취식품, 신선편의식품의 소비증가를 뽑을 수 있다[Kim JB et al., 2011]. 즉석섭취 식품은 더 이상의 가열과 조리과정 없이 구입 후 그대로 섭취 가능한 햄버거, 김 밥과 같은 식품을 의미하고 신선편의식품은 농·임산물 본래의 특성을 파괴하지 않는 범위 내에서 신선한 상태로 다듬어 그대로 섭취할 수 있는 채소나 나물, 샐 러드 등을 일컫는다[KFDA, 2016]. 이러한 제품들은 열처리와 같은 조리과정 없 이 그대로 섭취할 수 있기 때문에 다른 식품에 비해 식중독균에 노출될 가능성 이 있어 전 세계적으로 농산물과 관련된 식중독 발생률이 증가하는 원인 중 하 나이다[Park HK. et al., 2005]. 이와 같이 세균성 식중독이 전체 식중독 발생건 수 대비 높은 비율을 차지하는 만큼 식중독 예방을 위하여 미생물에 대한 오염 예방 및 제거 등 관리의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 이에 따른 움직임으로 식품의 저 장 및 유통 과정에서 식품의 위생과 안전을 위협하는 오염의 원인이 되는 근본 적인 발생인자를 제거하기 위해 보존제를 식품에 직접 또는 간접적으로 첨가하 - 2 - 거나 2차 오염 매개체인 기구와 용기 등의 표면에 살균제나 소독제를 사용하는 방법이 이용되고 있다. 그러나 식품에 직접 첨가하여 사용되는 화학적 합성첨가 물은 장기간 또는 다량 노출 시 인체에 축적되어 부작용이 발생할 가능성이 높 다. 따라서 화학적 합성첨가물의 법정 허용기준을 준수하여 사용하는 등의 노력 과 더불어 그 효과가 동등하거나 더 우수한 살균 효과를 가진 항균 물질이 함유 된 천연자원을 탐색하여 이들로부터 추출한 성분이 천연 보존료로 이용 가능성 이 있는지 여부를 확인하는 노력이 지속적으로 이루어져야 한다[Park HK et al., 2005]. 다양한 생리활성 물질 중 항균활성을 나타내는 천연물질에는 식물의 정유성분 (essential oil)과 색소, phenolic acid와 flavonoid 화합물 등의 phytochemicals, 유 기산 등이 보고되었다[Jang JS et al., 2007]. 우리나라에서 현재까지 식용 또는 약용으로 이용되어 온 식물 중에서 초피[Chung SK et al., 1999]등의 향신재료와 허브[Yoo MY et al., 2005], 엉겅퀴[Jang MR et al., 2014], 인진쑥[Chae GC et al., 2009], 감초[Kim SU et al., 2006]등 식물의 잎과 뿌리 추출물로부터 항균활 성이 확인되었다. 또한 유산균에서 유래되는 박테리오신이 항균활성물질로 주목 받고 있는데 유산균은 발효식품의 맛과 발효산물의 특징을 결정할 뿐만 아니라 유기산 및 박테리오신 등의 항균활성물질을 생성하여 식품의 저장성에 기여하는 중요 요인이다. 박테리오신은 다양한 그람 양성균에서 생산 되는 항균활성 단백 질 또는 peptide이기 때문에 박테리오신의 경우 식품산업에서 항생제 대체물질 및 천연 보존제로 이용할 수 있는 발전성을 지닌 물질로서 관심을 받고 있다 [Kim SY et al., 2011]. 이와 같이 다양한 자원으로부터 항균활성에 대한 탐색이 진행되고 있으며 더 나아가 제주지역의 자원탐색을 위해서 제주도의 지리적 특 징도 함께 파악할 필요성이 보인다. 우리나라는 단위면적 대비 다양한 식물자원이 분포되어 있다[Kim JS et al., 2014]. 특히 제주도는 우리나라 전체 면적의 약 8.1%에 불과한 작은 섬이지만 지리적 위치, 해발고도 그리고 지형 등의 영향으로 아열대에서 아한대까지의 기후가 분포되어 있어 우리나라에 서식하고 있는 전체 식물종 중 약 41%가 서식하고 있는 것으로 알려져 - 3 - 있다[Son MC et al., 2012)]. 이렇듯 다양한 생물종이 서식하고 있는 제주도는 폭넓은 연구자원의 근원지가 되고 있다. 제주도 자생 식물을 대상으로 한 항균효과에 관한 연구에는 애기달맞이꽃(Oenothera laciniata Hill)[Kim JY et al., 2007], 엉겅퀴(Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense)[Jang MR et al., 2014], 암대극(Euphorbia jolkini Boiss)[Kim JY et al., 2006], 등대풀(Euphorbia helioscopia)[Kim JY et al., 2007], 삼백초(Saururus chinesis)[Lee JH et al., 2013], 백년초(Opuntia ficus indica)[Seo YH et al., 2012], 구실잣밤나무(Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii)[Kim JY et al., 2011] 추출물을 이용한 연구결과가 있다. 제주도 자생식물 중 하나인 황칠나무(Dendropanax morbiferus Lev.)는 두릅나무과 (araliaceae)에 속하는 아열대성 상록활엽교목으로 동남아시아 등에 약 30여 종이 분포하 고 있다. 그 중 우리나라에 서식하는 황칠나무는 1속 1종의 특산 수종으로 온화한 기후의 남서해안 지역과 제주도에서만 자생하고 있다[Jeong BS et al., 1995; Bernart MW et al., 1996]. 수피에 상처를 냈을 때 나오는 황색의 수지액을 바로 황칠이라 일컫는다[Moon MO et al.,1999]. 황칠나무는 목본(dendro), 전능약(panax)이라는 학명 에서 오는 의미와 같이 만병통치나무라 예로부터 불려왔으며 황칠나무에 함유되어 있는 대표적인 성분으로는 세스퀴테르펜(sesquiterpene)에 속하는 β-selinene, capnellane-8-one, 페놀, 플라보노이드 화합물인 chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, rosmarinic acid가 있다고 보고되었다[Choi SK, 2003]. 현재까지 수행된 황칠나무에 관한 연구의 대부분은 잎 추출물을 대상으로 하였으며 멜라닌 생성 억제로 인한 미백 [Lim KP et al., 1998], 생체방어체계 강화[Park BY et al., 2004], 항산화 및 항암[Hyun TK et al., 2013] 그리고 항당뇨[An NY et al., 2014] 효과 등을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었 다. 이와 같이 다양한 생리 기능성 연구는 일부 수행되었으나 황칠나무의 생리활성 물질에 대한 항균활성을 확인하여 다양한 목적의 항균제로의 이용 가능성을 확인하는 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 제주도에 자생하고 있는 황칠나무의 잎 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 활성을 분석하고 식중독균뿐만 아니라 비듬균, 충치 원인균과 녹농균에 대한 항균 활성을 확인하여 황칠나무 잎 에탄올 추출물이 천연 항산화제와 천연 보존제 그리고 천연 항균제로 이용 가능한 소재인지 여부를 검토하는 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다. - 4 - 2. 재료 및 방법 2.1. 황칠나무 잎 추출 및 보관 본 실험에 사용된 황칠나무 잎은 2013년 7월에 제주도 서귀포시 지역에서 자생 하는 황칠나무(Dendropanax morbiferus Lev.)로부터 채집하여 사용하였다. 채집 한 황칠나무 잎은 그늘에서 자연 건조시켰으며, 잘 건조된 황칠나무 잎을 증류수 로 2회 세척하고 분쇄한 후, 황칠나무 잎 무게 대비 10배의 70% 에탄올 (Daejung, Seoul, Korea)을 가하고 60℃로 중탕 가열하여 2회 추출하였다. 추출 액을 여과지(Whatman No.1, Whatman, Maidstone, United Kingdom)로 감압여 과하고, 그 여과액을 회전농축기(rotary evaporator N-1110S, EYELA, Tokyo, Japan)로 감압농축하였다. 감압농축을 통하여 얻은 점조상의 추출물을 동결 건조 기(FDU-1200, EYELA, Tokyo, Japan)로 건조하여 분말을 얻었다(수득률 29.2%). 분말상태인 황칠나무 잎 에탄올 추출물은 모두–20℃에서 냉동보관하면서 실험에 사용하였다. 2.2. 사용균주 및 배양조건 본 실험에 사용한 균주는 식중독, 비듬 그리고 충치의 원인이 되는 미생물로서 그 종류와 배양조건을 Table 1에 나타내었다.
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