Socio-Economic Development of Milk Producers of Dairy Co-Operatives in Tamil Nadu
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A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF MILK PRODUCERS OF DAIRY CO-OPERATIVES IN TAMIL NADU M.Tamila - Guest Lecturer in Department of Co-operation, Govt. Arts College, Dharmapuri, Tamilnadu. Abstract The dairy sector was very much in the shadow of the farming sector in the ancient period. The farmers those who used the cows were basically for the purpose of the farming operations. These domestic animals were also maintained to meet the demands of the domestic needs for milk and other secondary products from the milk.The cooperative sector has revolutionized the marketing world with its consumer-centric approach with the members being the consumers. The cooperative sector has played a vital role in the growth of the dairy farming. It has contributed for the growth and also looked out the needs of the small scale dairy farmers. The dairy farming has taken a new shape with the introduction of the cooperatives the sector. In this proposed milk production, contribution of milk supplies for Dharmapuri District. This work primary data collected from 5 Milk Producers Co-operative Societies in Dharmapuri district. Secondary data collected from Milk Producers Co-operative Societies, Milk Producers Co-operative Union. Apart from the official sources from different sections and audited annual reports, the extensive utilization of libraries, journals, Books, Magazines, Reports and Economic Survey and Web sites were made. Finally evaluated for percentage analysis, descriptive statistics Mean, Standard Deviation and coefficient variation, inferential statistics such as t- test, chi-square test, ANOVA, Correlation and Factor analysis were used tools for this work. It used for Computer Application in the Dairy Cooperatives through the Social Science Statistical Package Version 20. Introduction Dairy is an important supportive occupation to millions of resource poor families in India. Many of these families opt for dairy farming as it offers economic, food and social security’s to them. It is a valuable tool for poverty eradication, employment generation and social change. The dairy sector provides a channel of upward mobility for those on the bottom rungs of the socio-economic ladder leading to large-scale voluntary income distribution without conflict or confrontation, as milk flows from low to high- income groups and money in the reverse direction. It also acts as a cushion against increasing disparity in income distribution in rural areas.Dairy co-operatives have a long history of development and its importance in the national economy is steadily growing. They are the backbone of the Indian dairy industry. It is generally accepted that they have Volume XII Issue X OCTOBER 2019 Page No: 320 A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755 an important role to play in the economic growth and the agricultural development of the country and in view of this fact, the study may be meaningful and purposive. The all India rural credit review committee has also emphasized the need for providing subsidiary occupation like dairy farming to the peasants. Further about 35 per cent of the nation’s food still comes from 67 per cent of total arable area of about 143mha. The food production, which depends on erratic monsoon, has become extremely unstable leading to low price and weak marketing value of food grains. Thus agriculture enterprises create problems of unemployment and under employment, seasonal employment and disguised unemployment to crawl people constituting 70 per cent of total population. Young people from rural areas migrate to towns or cities for work as rural economy is in shambles due to the vagaries of climate in India. Dairy enterprise is a solution to overcome such problems and besides being an effective tool to improve socioeconomic conditions of farmers in India. Origin and Growth of Co-operative Dairying in India From the early days milk production was entirely on a decentralized basis and collection of milk was attempted by a few private marketing organizations like Keventers and Paulsons whose setup plants for producing table butter in some areas and also started selling liquid milk to some institutions and military establishments. Due to the absence of a system of dairying based on commercial line to meet the demand of the growing urban population, the gap between demand and supply in cities continued to grow and acute shortage was felt in many areas. Private vendors took full advantage of such shortages by large scale adulteration of milk and also charged high prices for poor quality milk. On account of the general exploitation by the private vendors and as a measure for counter- acting these acute shortages, a few cooperative milk supply societies were started during the second and third decades of this century but these societies were invariably consumer oriented and they did not try to organize the producers or to provide facilities and inputs for increasing milk production. The first dairy cooperative society was registered in 1913 at Allahabad in UP and was called “KATRA Cooperative Dairy Society”. Soon, there after seven Dairy Cooperative societies were registered at Baroda, Belgaum, Dhulia, Bhagalpur, Hubli, Bagalkot, Kolkatta. Between 1914 and 1919 seven more societies were formed. In the year 1919, Calcutta Co- operative Society (CCS) was started in Nagpur. In 1927 Madras Milk Supply Union came into being with first processing facilities. In 1932, the Lucknow Milk Producers Co-operative Union Limited was established. In 1945, Aarey Milk Colony was established by the Bombay government under the Greater Bombay Milk Scheme. During the Second World War, the increased demand for milk and milk products from the army and acute shortage of milk in various urban areas gave a new push to the organization of milk cooperatives and a number milk supply societies were Page registered in different parts of the country, particularly in the then Bombay and Madras States which included parts of the present States of Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. Most of the societies however continued to be consumer oriented. Hereafter, till Independence there was no significant progress in the development of diary co- Volume XII Issue X OCTOBER 2019 Page No: 321 A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755 operatives. However, only the collection and transport of milk was controlled by the cooperatives and they had no say in its sale in the urban areas which was controlled by Government agencies. Growth and Development of Dairy Co-operative Sector in Tamil Nadu The Dairy Development Department was established in 1958 in Tamilnadu. The administrative and statutory control over all the milk cooperatives in the State was transferred to the Dairy Development Department on 1.8.1965. The Commissioner for Milk Production and Dairy Development was made as the functional Registrar under the Tamilnadu Cooperative Societies Act. With the adoption of 'Anand pattern' in the State of Tamilnadu, Tamilnadu Co- operative Milk Producers' Federation Limited was registered in the State on 1st February 1981. The commercial activities of the Department such as Milk Procurement, Processing, Chilling, Packing and sale of milk to the consumers etc., hitherto dealt with by the Tamilnadu Dairy Development Corporation Ltd., were transferred to the newly registered Tamilnadu Co-operative Milk Producers’ Federation Limited, popularly known as “Aavin”. Tamil Nadu is one of the leading states in milk production. The milk production in Tamilnadu per day is 145.88 lakh litres. Tamil Nadu state has made a significant progress in the dairy sector and occupies 8th position in milk production with 6.83 million tons during 20010-11 which is about 5.60% of the total milk production of the country. At present 17 district cooperative milk producers’ unions are functioning under TCMPF in the Tamil Nadu State, with 9231 functional cooperatives societies and 22.26 lakh primary members. However, only 4.19 lakh are pouring members. Currently 148.877 litres of milk is produced per day with a marketable surplus of 127.037 litres per day. Out of the total milk produced 8% of fluid milk is consumed in the The average annual price paid per litre to Dairy Cooperative Societies for cow milk (4% fat and 8.5% SNF) was Rs.13.54 and Buffalo (6% fat and 9% SNF) was Rs.18.00 during 2007- 08. Page 72This price has been revised recently to Rs.15.54 for cow milk and Rs.23.00 for Buffalo milk for all unions. In Tamil Nadu number of functioning Dairy plants are 20 under cooperative sector (16 union dairies and 4 federation dairies) and 33 private dairy plants. The installed capacity is 29.42 LLD for cooperative dairy plants and 34.79 LLD for private dairy plants. The current operating capacity of cooperative plants is 25.30 LLD with average capacity utilization of 75%. The number of operating milk chilling plants is 36 in cooperative sector with capacity of chilling of 14.75 LLD. The cooperative milk union provides logistic support to its members such as artificial insemination, health cover, cattle feed, fodder seeds/slips and livestock insurance coverage, mineral mixture, emergency veterinary service, milk testing, farmers training on animal management, clean milk production, etc., Various schemes are being implemented such as crossbred cattle and buffalo calves development programmes, establishment of bypass protein supplement MSG units, PC based Automatic Milk Testing Laboratory, providing milking machines, supply of mineral mixture supplement, supply of chaff cutter, animal health cover - mobile unit, etc., to increase the milk production and productivity of animals in Tamil Nadu. Overview of Milk Production in Dharmpuri District The Dharmpuri district has three private dairies that procure milk in the district. There are two milk chilling units that are functioning in the district. The district has the presence of 97,761 Volume XII Issue X OCTOBER 2019 Page No: 322 A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755 milk societies operating under the district controls.