A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF MILK PRODUCERS OF DAIRY CO-OPERATIVES IN TAMIL NADU

M.Tamila - Guest Lecturer in Department of Co-operation, Govt. Arts College, , Tamilnadu. Abstract The dairy sector was very much in the shadow of the farming sector in the ancient period. The farmers those who used the cows were basically for the purpose of the farming operations. These domestic animals were also maintained to meet the demands of the domestic needs for milk and other secondary products from the milk.The cooperative sector has revolutionized the marketing world with its consumer-centric approach with the members being the consumers. The cooperative sector has played a vital role in the growth of the dairy farming. It has contributed for the growth and also looked out the needs of the small scale dairy farmers. The dairy farming has taken a new shape with the introduction of the cooperatives the sector. In this proposed milk production, contribution of milk supplies for . This work primary data collected from 5 Milk Producers Co-operative Societies in Dharmapuri district. Secondary data collected from Milk Producers Co-operative Societies, Milk Producers Co-operative Union. Apart from the official sources from different sections and audited annual reports, the extensive utilization of libraries, journals, Books, Magazines, Reports and Economic Survey and Web sites were made. Finally evaluated for percentage analysis, descriptive statistics Mean, Standard Deviation and coefficient variation, inferential statistics such as t- test, chi-square test, ANOVA, Correlation and Factor analysis were used tools for this work. It used for Computer Application in the Dairy Cooperatives through the Social Science Statistical Package Version 20. Introduction

Dairy is an important supportive occupation to millions of resource poor families in India. Many of these families opt for dairy farming as it offers economic, food and social security’s to them. It is a valuable tool for poverty eradication, employment generation and social change. The dairy sector provides a channel of upward mobility for those on the bottom rungs of the socio-economic ladder leading to large-scale voluntary income distribution without conflict or confrontation, as milk flows from low to high- income groups and money in the reverse direction. It also acts as a cushion against increasing disparity in income distribution in rural areas.Dairy co-operatives have a long history of development and its importance in the national economy is steadily growing. They are the backbone of the Indian dairy industry. It is generally accepted that they have

Volume XII Issue X OCTOBER 2019 Page No: 320 A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755

an important role to play in the economic growth and the agricultural development of the country and in view of this fact, the study may be meaningful and purposive. The all India rural credit review committee has also emphasized the need for providing subsidiary occupation like dairy farming to the peasants. Further about 35 per cent of the nation’s food still comes from 67 per cent of total arable area of about 143mha. The food production, which depends on erratic monsoon, has become extremely unstable leading to low price and weak marketing value of food grains. Thus agriculture enterprises create problems of unemployment and under employment, seasonal employment and disguised unemployment to crawl people constituting 70 per cent of total population. Young people from rural areas migrate to towns or cities for work as rural economy is in shambles due to the vagaries of climate in India. Dairy enterprise is a solution to overcome such problems and besides being an effective tool to improve socioeconomic conditions of farmers in India.

Origin and Growth of Co-operative Dairying in India From the early days milk production was entirely on a decentralized basis and collection of milk was attempted by a few private marketing organizations like Keventers and Paulsons whose setup plants for producing table butter in some areas and also started selling liquid milk to some institutions and military establishments. Due to the absence of a system of dairying based on commercial line to meet the demand of the growing urban population, the gap between demand and supply in cities continued to grow and acute shortage was felt in many areas. Private vendors took full advantage of such shortages by large scale adulteration of milk and also charged high prices for poor quality milk. On account of the general exploitation by the private vendors and as a measure for counter- acting these acute shortages, a few cooperative milk supply societies were started during the second and third decades of this century but these societies were invariably consumer oriented and they did not try to organize the producers or to provide facilities and inputs for increasing milk production. The first dairy cooperative society was registered in 1913 at Allahabad in UP and was called “KATRA Cooperative Dairy Society”. Soon, there after seven Dairy Cooperative societies were registered at Baroda, Belgaum, Dhulia, Bhagalpur, Hubli, Bagalkot, Kolkatta. Between 1914 and 1919 seven more societies were formed. In the year 1919, Calcutta Co- operative Society (CCS) was started in Nagpur. In 1927 Madras Milk Supply Union came into being with first processing facilities. In 1932, the Lucknow Milk Producers Co-operative Union Limited was established. In 1945, Aarey Milk Colony was established by the Bombay government under the Greater Bombay Milk Scheme. During the Second World War, the increased demand for milk and milk products from the army and acute shortage of milk in various urban areas gave a new push to the organization of milk cooperatives and a number milk supply societies were Page registered in different parts of the country, particularly in the then Bombay and Madras States which included parts of the present States of Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. Most of the societies however continued to be consumer oriented. Hereafter, till Independence there was no significant progress in the development of diary co-

Volume XII Issue X OCTOBER 2019 Page No: 321 A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755

operatives. However, only the collection and transport of milk was controlled by the cooperatives and they had no say in its sale in the urban areas which was controlled by Government agencies. Growth and Development of Dairy Co-operative Sector in Tamil Nadu The Dairy Development Department was established in 1958 in Tamilnadu. The administrative and statutory control over all the milk cooperatives in the State was transferred to the Dairy Development Department on 1.8.1965. The Commissioner for Milk Production and Dairy Development was made as the functional Registrar under the Tamilnadu Cooperative Societies Act. With the adoption of 'Anand pattern' in the State of Tamilnadu, Tamilnadu Co- operative Milk Producers' Federation Limited was registered in the State on 1st February 1981. The commercial activities of the Department such as Milk Procurement, Processing, Chilling, Packing and sale of milk to the consumers etc., hitherto dealt with by the Tamilnadu Dairy Development Corporation Ltd., were transferred to the newly registered Tamilnadu Co-operative Milk Producers’ Federation Limited, popularly known as “Aavin”. Tamil Nadu is one of the leading states in milk production. The milk production in Tamilnadu per day is 145.88 lakh litres. Tamil Nadu state has made a significant progress in the dairy sector and occupies 8th position in milk production with 6.83 million tons during 20010-11 which is about 5.60% of the total milk production of the country. At present 17 district cooperative milk producers’ unions are functioning under TCMPF in the Tamil Nadu State, with 9231 functional cooperatives societies and 22.26 lakh primary members. However, only 4.19 lakh are pouring members. Currently 148.877 litres of milk is produced per day with a marketable surplus of 127.037 litres per day. Out of the total milk produced 8% of fluid milk is consumed in the The average annual price paid per litre to Dairy Cooperative Societies for cow milk (4% fat and 8.5% SNF) was Rs.13.54 and Buffalo (6% fat and 9% SNF) was Rs.18.00 during 2007- 08. Page 72This price has been revised recently to Rs.15.54 for cow milk and Rs.23.00 for Buffalo milk for all unions. In Tamil Nadu number of functioning Dairy plants are 20 under cooperative sector (16 union dairies and 4 federation dairies) and 33 private dairy plants. The installed capacity is 29.42 LLD for cooperative dairy plants and 34.79 LLD for private dairy plants. The current operating capacity of cooperative plants is 25.30 LLD with average capacity utilization of 75%. The number of operating milk chilling plants is 36 in cooperative sector with capacity of chilling of 14.75 LLD. The cooperative milk union provides logistic support to its members such as artificial insemination, health cover, cattle feed, fodder seeds/slips and livestock insurance coverage, mineral mixture, emergency veterinary service, milk testing, farmers training on animal management, clean milk production, etc., Various schemes are being implemented such as crossbred cattle and buffalo calves development programmes, establishment of bypass protein supplement MSG units, PC based Automatic Milk Testing Laboratory, providing milking machines, supply of mineral mixture supplement, supply of chaff cutter, animal health cover - mobile unit, etc., to increase the milk production and productivity of animals in Tamil Nadu. Overview of Milk Production in Dharmpuri District The Dharmpuri district has three private dairies that procure milk in the district. There are two milk chilling units that are functioning in the district. The district has the presence of 97,761

Volume XII Issue X OCTOBER 2019 Page No: 322 A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755

milk societies operating under the district controls. The milk produced by the district accounts to the value of 35, 20,556 liters per day as per the statistics of the district. There are eigth blocks Dharmapuri block (22 milk societies and its valued to be at 4,57,211 in Lakhs), (22 milk societies), Pennagaram block (41 milk societies and its valued to be at 4,57,211 in Lakhs ), Morappur block (45 milk societies and its valued to be at 9,06,504 in Lakhs, block (45 milk societies and its valued to be at 5,70,250 in Lakhs), block (32 milk societies and its valued to be at 3,90,545 in Lakhs), Palacode block (31 milk societies and its valued to be at 3,42,608 in Lakhs) and Karimangalam (11 milk societies and its valued to be at 1,41,188 in Lakhs ) that are helping in the production of the milk all over the district. The district’s block wise list of milk societies is presented in the following part along with the quantity of milk supplied and value of milk supplied by the suppliers.

Overall Contribution of Milk Supplies S. No Milk Societies Quantities of Value of Milk Ranks Milk 1. Dharmapuri Block 18,175 4,73,277 3 2. Nallampalli Block 8,816 2,29,569 7 3. Pennagaram Block 17,558 4,57,211 4 4. Morappur Block 34,810 9,06,504 1 5. Harur Block 21,899 5,70,250 2 6. Papireddipatti Block 15,258 3,90,545 5 7. Palacode Block 13,156 3,42,608 6 8. 5,450 1,41,888 8 Total 1,35,122 35,11,852 (Source: Statistical handbook, Dharmapuri District, 2017-2018) The above table explains the overall supply of milk from various blocks of the Dharmapuri District which clearly explains the top three major contributions comes from the three blocks of Morappur, Harur and Dharmapuri blocks in the top three places. Need of the Study Milk is produced in rural areas while the profitable market for milk and milk products is largely in areas. The private milk vendors collect the milk from the villages milk producers and see it in the nearby towns or cities. There are no big organizations to undertake the milk vending business our District. The perishable nature of milk, absence of quick and efficient transport facilities lack of organized units and the high cost of distribution discouraged the large scale operation. The private vendors are also known for their malpractices of adulteration and short measurement. They procure milk at a lesser price from the milk producers. The private vendors exploit the situation, to their own advantages affecting adversely both produces as well as consumers. They are cheating the consumers on the one hand and the suppliers cum produces of the milk on other hand. An account of the general exploitation by the private vendors and as a measure for counteracting these acute short comings, a few co-operative societies were started to improve and marketing of herbal milk. The main objective of milk products’ co-operative societies is to safeguard and product the interest of milk producers, organized marketing facilities

Volume XII Issue X OCTOBER 2019 Page No: 323 A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755

for members and fetch them remunerative price for milk. Now each village probably has a milk producers’ co-operative society. Importance of the study for diary Co-operatives Women constitute 71 per cent of the labour force in livestock farming; there are 75 million women compared to 15 million men, engaged in dairying. Rural women play a significant role in animal husbandry and are involved in feeding, breeding, management, health care and other operations. Landless labourers own milch animals and earn substantial additional incomes from sale of milk, particularly in the dairy cooperative society (DCS) villages and other areas with a milk marketing infrastructure. In a normal year, crop production can generate employment for this workforce for only 90 to 120 days, for the remaining period, they are virtually unemployed. In this setting, dairying provides for the employment imbalance. The dairy sector today provides 80 million farm households with the triple benefits of nutritive food, supplementary income and productive employment for family labour, mainly for women. The Indian Dairy sector acquired substantial growth momentum from 9th Plan onwards, achieving an annual output of 121.8 (estimated) million tonnes of milk during 2010-11. This has not only placed the country on top in the world, but also represents sustained growth in the availability of milk and milk products for the growing population. Hence, Dairying is a major source of livelihood for a large population of rural India, especially small farmers. More than 70 million of some 147 million rural households depend on dairy, in varying degrees, for their livelihood. Annul milk production in the country today is about 120 million tons, most of which is consumed domestically by India’s 1.2 billion, largely vegetarian, population for whom milk and milk products are an important part of food and nutritional security. Dairying is a centuries old tradition for millions of Indian rural households domesticated animals have been an integral part of the farming system from time immemorial milk contributes more to the national economy than any other farm commodity. In the context of poverty and mass nutrition milk has a special role to play for its many nutritional advantages as well as providing supplementary income to same 70 million farmers in over 6 lack remote villages more importantly, the farmers earn an average of 27.30 percent of their income from dairying, with as high as 53 per cent for landless and as low as 19 per cent for the large farmers. Statement of the Problem A major concern in the Indian Dairy is low animal productivity. Average milk yield of Indian cows is only about 3.4 kilograms a day against a world average of 6.3 kilogram a day. Even though the concept of Dairy Co-operatives is very good and small dairying method was better than others, but because of organizational and managerial defects, the desired progress could not be achieved and producers could not get remunerative returns. Hence, as per the views of Joint Secretary the present state of affairs of the Dairy Co-operative societies in India is not very healthy. This may be due to the lack of proper planning in the procurement of milk from the suppliers, lesser number of chilling units and lack of storage facility, lack of managerial technique, unnecessary transport cost, high pasteurization charges and the like. Therefore, for reducing the cost of production of milk and increasing the various operational efficiency through the effective management of dairy co-operatives. Introduction of fully computerized system in Co-operative Dairy farming is of utmost importance. The dairy cooperatives can sustain if they make the introspection of the activities and try to make necessary steps to manage the dairy through effective utilization of computer applications. This will definitely be helpful to the

Volume XII Issue X OCTOBER 2019 Page No: 324 A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755

wellbeing the Cooperative Dairy Farming in the India and also in the State of Tamil Nadu particularly in the study area. Dairy farming and agriculture have been inseparable parts of man’s life in rural Tamil Nadu. Dairying therefore, generates additional income to the rural people. The cow or buffalo is fed with the low grade surplus by-products of the farm and about 50% of the income of the village is from milk. In Tamil Nadu, the per capita availability of milk has increased from 164 gm/day during the year 1997-98 to 232 gm/day during 2007-08 which constitutes nearly 140 per cent. Tamil Nadu stands at 4th position in India in the milk procurement through cooperatives. Efforts are also being made to improve infrastructure facilities in the state to handle more milk to be procured through Cooperative societies. As the state of Tamil Nadu is characterized by considerable heterogeneity in agro climate, resource endowments and economic performance, the production function is here carried out at the district level. Of all the districts in Tamil Nadu, Dharmapuri district is one of the frontline districts in the production of milk. Therefore, Dharmapuri district has been selected for the study. Milk is a perishable commodity and the surplus cannot be stored for a long time unlike agricultural produce, milk has a short life and its life in most cases is not more than their houses. Therefore, the farmer has to market has produce within 3 hours of production twice a day all the days of the years. The farmers who produce milk are at the many of milk vendors and the milk producers are often exploited. Another problem is the inadequacy of proper transport facilities. Long distances to the nearest consumer centre lack proper roads, means of transport and the inability of the farmers to pool their milk and to organize collective methods of transport make it extremely difficult for the farmer to take has produce twice daily to the market while the farmers convert their milk into products, the methods of manufacture are not model and was to tall the products are non standard and unhygienic and marketing arrangements are haphazard and an scientific. Therefore, an attempt is made by the researcher how to make use of economics in an effective manner in the Dairy Cooperatives. For this purpose the present study on economics of dairy co-operatives in Dharmapuri district, Tamilnadu. Objectives of the Study The Objectives of the study are follows: 1. To know the profile and performance of Dairy Co-operative Union in Tamilnadu. 2. To review the structure and functions of the dairy co-operatives in Dharmapuri district. 3. To examine the socio- economic status of the producers of dairy cooperatives in Dharmapuri district. 4. To study the evaluate business activity related to different dairy units in Dharmapuri district. 5. To analyse the producers’ attitude towards economics of dairy cooperatives in Dharmapuri district. 6. To identify the problems faced by the milk producers regarding dairy cooperatives in Dharmapuri district. To study the constraints faced by the milk producers regarding dairy co-operatives in Dharmapuri district. Research Methodology This study is a survey type of research. It is survey method in the sense that there were no noteworthy studies in economics developments in the Dairy Cooperatives in Tamil Nadu. The

Volume XII Issue X OCTOBER 2019 Page No: 325 A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755

data collected for the study included both primary and the secondary sources. The primary data were collected from the farmer members, the milk societies and the milk union with the help of a structured Interview Schedule. The data relating to number of animals, the lactation period, details of yield, value of yield, cost structure of milk production, procurement price, constraints in production, and channels of distribution were collected from the sample respondents.

Primary Data as well as Secondary Data After the Pilot study, Primary data were collected through the Interview Schedule. With the help of the interview schedule, the researcher has collected the information by way of having discussion and interview with the Milk Producers’ of Co-operative Union.. These producers were selected randomly from the 5 Milk Producers Co-operative Societies in Dharmapuri district. Secondary data relevant for this research work were collected from the offices of Milk Producers Co-operative Societies, Milk Producers Co-operative Union. Apart from the official sources from different sections and audited annual reports, the extensive utilization of libraries, journals, Books, Magazines, Reports and Economic Survey and Web sites were made. Pilot Study Before the main collection of the data, a comprehensive rough interview schedule was prepared to contact the Milk Producers’ of Co-operative Societies. The researcher has collected the data from them and discussed with them in order to modify the interview schedule wherever necessary. Analysis and Interpretation The collected data were coded and entered in to the SPSS for analyzing the data and preparation of various Charts. The Statistical tools like the percentage analysis, descriptive statistics Mean, Standard Deviation and coefficient variation, inferential statistics such as t- test, chi-square test, ANOVA, Correlation and Factor analysis were made to measure the impact of the computer applications in the Dairy Cooperatives through the Social Science Statistical Package Version 20.

The Period of the Study The present study covered a period from 2005-06 to 2014-15 pertaining to the secondary data as well as the Primary data collected from the milk producers and were taken from the period from January 2015 to June 2015. Limitations of the Study The study is carried out only on the Dharmapuri District Co-operative Milk Producers' Union Ltd., of Tamil Nadu, thus, its findings cannot be generalized. The by-products of the milk which are marketed by the Union are not considered in this study. The study covers only the registered members of the milk cooperative societies and not the non-members. Major Findings of the Study

I. Demographic Profile i. The respondents involved in the study majorly belonged to the Female category to the extent of 57 percent ii. The age of the respondents reveals that majority 53.50 percent are in the category of 54 percent which reveals that they are younger population.

Volume XII Issue X OCTOBER 2019 Page No: 326 A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755

iii. The majority of the respondents involved in the study are literate which is explained by the fact that 63 percent are in the category of graduate/ diploma iv. The occupation of the respondents explains that 35 percent are in the occupational status of agriculture. v. The size of the family classification explains that majority are in the family size of 4-5 members vi. The majority of the ownership is held by single owner to the extent of 37 percent and least is with the others category. vii. The majority of the cooperatives are started during the period of 1976-2000 which is explained by the operators involved in the study to the limit of 23 percent. II. Attributes of the Respondents with Dairy Production i. The majority of the operators (40 percent) reveals that they have invested to the tune of Rs. 1,00,000 to establish the production facility. ii. The producers involved in the study to the extent of 28 percent provide employment to 6-10 people for operating the production facility. iii. The average level of wage per month for the employees involved cost to the tune of Rs 25,000 which is revealed by 40 percent of the respondents involved in the study. iv. The producers involved in the study majorly sell their produce to the Aavin dairy where 32 percent of the respondents opted for it. v. The Indian bank can be said as the leading bank that provides the loan for the operation of the milk production which is explained by 46 percent of the respondents operating in the area. vi. The majority of the loan application applied by the producers is sanctioned loan to the extent of 70 percent. vii. There are 50 percent of the respondents who pay they loans regularly on the majority. viii. The majority of the producers opt for the monthly repayment of the loans which is explained by the 67 percent of the respondents involved in the study. ix. The category of 2 persons is selected on the majority by the respondents to the extent of 42 percent. x. The milk was packed to the extent of one litre pack which is supported by 33 percent of the respondents involved in the study. xi. The quantity of milk classification reveals that on the majority 4-8 litres of milk is produced by 39 percent of the respondents involved in the study. xii. The milk sold by the producers is on the majority to the extent of 39 percent reveals they sell 3-6 litres of milk in a day. xiii. There are 70 percent of the milk producers who are selling milk to the others apart from the dairy unit xiv. The majority of the 57 percent of the respondents reveal that they operate training programme for the rearing of the milk animals. xv. The Dairy producers reveals that the cost of the cattle feed is not affordable which is explained by 33 percent of the respondents involved in the study. xvi. The majority of the dairy producers are belonging to the category of upto 10 years where 46 percent producers opted for it. xvii. The main reason for the production of the milk is income from the milk which is explained by the 53 percent of the milk producers involved in the study.

Volume XII Issue X OCTOBER 2019 Page No: 327 A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755

xviii. There are 70 percent of the milk producers who are having own land for the operation of the milk production. xix. The milk producers on the majority to the extent of 43 percent are having own fund for the production of the milk. xx. The majority of the milk producers to the extent of 79 percent of them have insured their cattle for the production process. xxi. There are 58 percent of the milk producers in the cooperatives provide bonus to the employees operating in the milk farms. xxii. There are 28 percent of the milk producers feel that they don’t have the problem of the lack of capital for the operation of the farms. xxiii. The milk producers on the majority reveal that 34 percent of the respondents are not having the issues with the availability of the credit. xxiv. The moneylenders and private finance holders are not giving major problems to the milk producers to the extent of 34 percent. xxv. The milk producers feel that the 30 percent of them have made high investment in the business. xxvi. The financial supports provided to the milk producers are good which is evident that 23 percent of them said they don’t have poor financial support. xxvii. The milk producers have very high level of support from the government which is revealed by the opinions of the 28 percent of the population involved in the study. xxviii. There are 29 percent of the respondents on the majority have good family support from their families Suggestions  The awareness about the various financial facilities and loans has to be created among the dairy producers in order to make them stress free and provide them with enough funds for the purpose of milk production  The infrastructural facilities for the farmers have to be given with subsidies which will help to raise the production standards to the global level thereby contributing to the overall milk production of the country.  The dairy farmers are facing lot of problems on the availability of the labour which is causing lot of financial burden on the milk producers and milk producers has to concentrate on the usage of the machineries and modern equipments to reduce the labor problems in their work place.  The problems of the milk producers is that they are not getting fair price for their produce and they are facing lot of issues at the milk procurement places which has to be solved with the help of appointment of specialist officers at the procurement places.  The milk producers are giving the opinion that they are getting less support from the government in the financial lending programmes and there has to be measures taken to increase the financial lending programme and support schemes for the milk producers.  The government has also take steps to provide awareness among the milk producers regarding the various issues among the medical facilities available to treat the livestock at the modern facilities and prevent the loss of the livestock.

Volume XII Issue X OCTOBER 2019 Page No: 328 A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755

Conclusion Dairy industry is of crucial importance to India. The country is the world’s largest milk producer, accounting for more than 13 percent of worlds total milk production. It is the world’s largest consumer of dairy products, consuming almost 100 percent of its own milk production. Dairy products are a major source of cheap and nutritious food to millions of people in India and the only acceptable source of animal protein for large vegetarian segment of Indian population, particularly among animal protein for large vegetarian segment of Indian population, particularly among the landless, small and marginal farmers and women. Dairying has been considered as one of the activities aimed at alleviating the poverty and unemployment especially in the rural areas in the rain-fed and drought-prone regions. Milk proteins are being utilized increasingly replacing animal and vegetable proteins in special bakery products and instant foods. Through the application of membrane proven process, milk proteins isolates are being produced. These are being utilized for ice milk mixes and other such applications. Most of the dairy plants in the Government, Cooperatives and Private Sector produce almost similar dairy products like varieties of milk, butter, ghee, skimmed milk powder and whole milk powder. Some of the milk and fruit based beverages which are likely to have demand are a combination of milk with mango, banana, sapota, strawberry, papaya and so on. Some of these beverages can also be produced in dehydrated form and can be an excellent health food. There are varieties in traditional milk based sweets, manufactured in the country. Though there is wider scope for milk and milk products all over the country, the study shows that the dairy farmers are still using traditional methods of dairy management practices in the areas right from feeding practices, breeding practices. and animal health care. Proper training to impart awareness will help the farmers to improve the management practices and to enhance more milk production and will find a way to improve their socio economic levels. Hence, there is an urgent need to impart Technology in Dairy Farming and on the usage of Equipments in the field of dairy farming to earn more income by the dairy farmers. Further the study depicts that the variable income and all the farm related variables such as experience in dairy farming, herd size, milk yield and satisfaction in the dairy farming activities have significance over the level of motivation and so it can be concluded that irrespective of the demographic variables, only the farm related variables give them motivation to run the dairy farm activities. Good quality feeding, genetics appropriate to the local conditions and favourable levels of animal care are leading to good health and welfare which in turn delivers levels of productivity. Healthy, long-lived cows save on the cost of replacement and expensive veterinary treatments and guarantee a stable milk supply. Training and regular updating of dairy management knowledge is crucial in maintaining the dairy cattle’s health, welfare and longevity, and ultimately the success of the dairy enterprise. Manure is recycled and used on the land reducing the need for artificial fertilizers and excess manure in used as a source of additional revenue.

Volume XII Issue X OCTOBER 2019 Page No: 329