DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT for ROUGH STONE INDEX Page Chapter Content No

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT FOR ROUGH STONE INDEX Page Chapter Content No. 1. Introduction 4 2. Overview of Mining Activity in the District 7 3. General Profile of the District 8-9 4. Geology of Dharmapuri District 10-21 5. Drainage of Irrigation pattern 22-23 6. Land Utilisation Pattern in the District: Forest, Agricultural, 23-27 Horticultural, Mining etc., 7. Surface Water and Ground Water Scenario of the District 28-31 8. Climate and Rainfall of the District 32-34 9. Details of Mining Leases in the District 35-41 10. Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in last three years 42 11. Details of Production of Minor Mineral in last three years 43 12. Mineral Map of the District 44 13. List of Letter of Intent (LOI) Holder in the District along with 45 its validity 14. Total Mineral Reserve Available in the District 46 15. Quality/Grade of Mineral available in the District 46 16. Use of Mineral 47 17. Demand and Supply of the Mineral in the last three years 47 18. Mining Leases Marked on the Map of the District 48 19. Details of the area of where there is a Cluster of the Mining 49 Leases 20. Details of Eco-Sensitive Area 49-50 21. Impact on the Environment Due to Mining activity 50-52 22. Remedial measures to Mitigate the Impact of Mining on the 53-54 Environment 23. Reclamation of the Mined Out Area 55 24. Risk assessment & Disaster Management Plan 56-58 25. Details of Occupational Health Issue in the District 59 26. Plantation and Green Belt Development in respect of Leases 59 Already Granted in the District 27. Any other information 60

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

LIST OF TABLES

Table Contents Page No. Table. 1 Details of existing leases in Dharmapuri District Tamil Nadu 7

Table-2 Tentative Stratigraphy of Dharmapuri District 13

Table- 3 Field data sheet of DGM, Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu: 15-17 Rough stones Table- 4 Details of Land use classification for the Dharmapuri District 22

Table- 5 Details of Block wise and Source wise Net area irrigation sources in 23 Dharmapuri District Table- 6 Land utilization in agricultural sector. 24

Table- 7 Soil type ranges of Dharmapuri district. 25

Table- 8 Monthly rain fall data of Dharmapuri district 33

Table- 9 Time series data of rain fall by seasons. 34

Table- 10 Lists of Existing Rough Stone Quarries 35-41

Table- 11 Details of Royalty or Revenue received in the last three years. 42

Table- 12 Details of Production of Minor Mineral in last three years. 43

Table- 13 List of Letter of Intent (LoI) Holder in the District along with its 45 Validity Table- 14 Total Mineral Reserves Available in the District 46

Table- 15 Details of Demand and Supply of the Mineral in the last three years 47

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

LISTS OF FIGURES

Figure Contents Page No. Fig. 1 Location Map of Dharmapuri District Tamil Nadu 5

Fig. 2 Map of Dharmapuri District with Taluks 6

Fig. 3 Geological map of Tamil Nadu 11

Fig.4a-4t Field photographs of Rough Stone Quarries in Dharmapuri 18-21 District. Fig. 5 Land use pattern of Dharmapuri District, TamilNadu 26

Fig. 6 Land use and land cover chart of Dharmapuri district 27

Fig. 7 Soil map of Dharmapuri district 27

Fig. 8 Hydrology Map of the Dharmapuri District 28

Fig. 9 Depth to Water Level Map of the Dharmapuri District 29

Fig. 10 Histogram plot of rain fall data of 2013-14 33

Fig. 11 Mineral Map of the Dharmapuri District 44

Fig. 12 48 Location of the Rough Stone Quarries Marked in the District Map Fig. 13 50 Proposed Eco Sensitive Zone for North Wild Life Santuary Plan

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

1. INTRODUCTION

The District Mineral Survey Report of Dharmapuri District was prepared with the assistance of Geological Survey of India State Unit, Tamil Nadu as per the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, the Government of India Notification No.SO 141 (E) dated 15.01.2016 and SO 190 (E) dated 20.01.2016. The District survey report has been approved by the District Collector, Dharmapuri on 19.3.2019 and same was uploaded in the Dharmapuri District NIC portal. Now the Dharmapuri District Mineral Survey report has updated as per Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, the Government of India Notification No.SO 3611 (E) dated 25.7.2018. The main purpose of preparation of District Survey Report is to identify the mineral resources and developing the mining activities along with other relevant data of the District. Dharmapuri district, which came into existence from 02.10.1965 is situated in the North western corner of Tamil Nadu and is bounded by Tiruvannamalai and Villupuram Districts on the east, Salem District on the South, Krishnagiri District on the north and Kaveri River on the west (Fig.1). It is located between latitudes N 11° 47' and 12° 33' and longitudes E 77° 02' and 78° 40'. The total geographical area of Dharmapuri District is 4497.77 Sq Kms, i.e. 3.46% of Tamil Nadu. District is situated in the north-western part of Tamil Nadu. It is bounded in the west and north by Karnataka State, in the northeast by Andhra Pradesh. The district economy is mainly agrarian in nature. Nearly 70% of the workforce is dependent on agriculture and allied activities. The district is one among the most backward and drought prone area in the state. Dharmapuri district was created in 1966, when it was separated from Salem district. Krishnagiri district was formerly part of Dharmapuri district, becoming separated district in 2004. The old name of Dharmapuri was Tagadur. The climate of the district is generally warm. The hottest period of the year is generally for the month of March to May, the highest temperature going up to 38°C in April. The climate become cool in December and continues so up to February, touching a minimum of 17°C in January. On an average the district receives an annual rainfall of 1012 mm. Chinnar and Thenpanniyar are the major rivers in the district. The major source of the irrigation is dug well. Two Revenue Divisions of the district are Dharmapuri and Harur. There are Seven District Taluks, Dharmapuri, Harur, Palakkodu, Pennagaram, Pappireddipatti, Nallampalli and Karimangalam. (Fig.2)

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

Fig. 1. Location map of Dharmapuri district Tamil Nadu.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

Fig. 2 Map of Dharmapuri District with Taluks

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

2. OVERVIEW OF THE MINING ACTIVITY IN THE DISTRICT

Minerals of Economic importance found in Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu are mainly corundum, gold, iron ore, lead, limestone, Magnesite, Molybdenum, Vermicululite and steatite. Mining activities based on these minerals are very less in the district. Besides that, the district is endowed with sizeable reserves of Black granite (Dolerite). High quality black granite is available in Pennagaram, Harur and Palacode Taluks. Occurrence of good quality of Quartz and feldspar mining is situated at Kendenahalli and Ramakondahalli villages in Pennagaram Taluk. Rough stone mining is extensively located in Dharmapuri district. Occurrence of molybdenum is reported and studied in detail at A.Velampatti and Maruthipatti villages and its surrounding areas of Harur and Pappireddypatti Taluks. Brief details of mining activities in the district are tabulated below:

The Department of Geology and Mining is functioning in Dharmapuri district under the control of District Collector, Dharmapuri. The Assistant Director, Geology and Mining is assisting the District Collector in the mineral administration works.

Sl. Mineral No. of Existing Leases Total Total No. Patta Extent Govt. Extent No. of Extent land (in hects.) land (in hects.) Leases (in hects.) Quartz & 1. 3 5.07.50 -- -- 3 5.07.50 feldspars

Black 2. 14 30.15.2 12 151.18.31 26 181.33.51 granite

Colour 3. 1 3.18.5 -- -- 1 3.18.5 granite Rough 4. 13 27.35.5 22 62.92.5 35 90.28.0 stone Total 31 65.76.7 34 214.10.81 65 279.87.51 Table.1 Details of existing leases in Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

3. GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

Dharampuri district is a district of the Tamil Nadu state with its administrative headquarters located at Dharampuri town. During the Sangam era the place, Dharmapuri was popularly known as Dhagadur or Tagadur. The term Tagadur is derived from the two words one is "Thagadu" meaning iron ore and another one is "Oor" meaning place. After the end of the sangam period, probably during the period of Vijayanagar Empire or Mysore empire period the name of the place was changed from Tagadur to Dharmapuri. During the Sangam era, Adigaman Naduman Anji is the first renowned chieftain who ruled the place Tagadur and also admired by the famous Tamil poetess called Avvaiyar. In the 8th century the place was under the control of the Pallava regime. In the early period of the 9th century, the place was ruled by the Rashtrakutas whose rule continued in it for the next two centuries. After sometime Cholas came to the region and defeated the Rashtrakutas. Later in the 18th century the place, Dharmapuri was a part of the Mysore kingdom. Finally, the British rule was started in the whole country and the present district of Dharmapuri became a part of the Salem district until India got its independence in the year 1947. At last Dharmapuri was emerged as a separate district in the map of the state of Tamil Nadu on 2nd October, 1965.

Geographically, the district lies at 12°13'N latitude, 78°16'E longitude and 468 m altitude. The district encompasses a geographical area of 4,497 sq km and it is bounded by Krishnagiri district on the North, Salem district on the South, Tiruvannamalai and Viluppuram districts on the East and Chamarajanagar district of Karnataka on the West. The climate of the district is not too hot in the summer and not too cold in the winter. The actual rainfall in the district was 1041.5 mm in the year of 2015-16. Administration wise, the district is divided into 7 Taluks namely Dharmapuri, Harur, Palacode, Pennagaram, Pappireddipatti, Karimangalam and Nallampalli. Moreover, it comprises into 13 towns and 486 villages. There are 1 parliamentary and 5 assembly constituencies in the district.

According to 2011 census the district has a population of 15,06,843 out of which 7,74,303 are males and 7,32,540 are females. The district has a sex ratio of 946 (females for every 1000 males). In the year 2001-2011 the population growth rate in the district was -

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

47.24% including -47.45% are males and -47.02% are females. The major religion in the district is Hindu with 96.42% of the total population.

Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of the district. More than half of its population are engaged in agriculture in order to earn their livelihood. Most of the lands in the district are use for agricultural purposes. The chief agricultural products in the district are paddy, millets, pulses, sugarcane, chilli, etc. The adoption of the new agricultural technologies amongst the farmers of the district helps to increase the production of various agricultural items. In the whole state of Tamil Nadu , Dharmapuri is one of the core horticultural belts and mango is the prime horticulture crop of the district. Since it is an inland district hence fishing is a source of extra income for its natives. The district is rich in mineral resources as well . Granite, quartz, molibdinum, etc are the commonly found mineral resources in the district. Industrially, also the district is quite well developed. Industries of textile, mineral based, chemical based, electronic products, etc are some of the principal industries in the district. In the year 2005-2006 the gross domestic product in the district was Rs 4,07,523 lakhs at current price.

The district is well known as an abode of several reputed educational institutions. It provides a platform for higher education. As per 2011 census the literacy rate in the district is 68.54% including 76.85% are males and 59.8% are females.

The district has several centres of attraction which allures many travellers from different parts of the country as well as world. Hogenakkal Falls, located at a distance of 46 km from the Dharmapuri town got its name a Kannada term “Hogenakal” which means smoky rocks since the gushing force of its water creates a smoke-like mist when it falls on the rock below. Theerthamalai, a sacred place in the district has a famous temple called Theerthamalai temple which is located at the top of a hillock. During the occasion of Maha Shivarathiri, devotees from far off places come to this temple to offer their prayers. Hanumanthathirtham, another pious place located on the bank of Pennaiyar almost 10 km away from Uthangarai in the district is associated with an interesting mythological story of Hanuman, a mythological character. Some other places of interest in the district are Kottai Kovil, Adhiyamankottai, Subramanya Siva Memorial, Mount Carmel Church, Sitheri hills and many more.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

4. GEOLOGY OF DHARMAPURI DISTRICT

A Brief of Geology of Tamil Nadu

Crystalline rocks of Archaean to late Proterozoic age occupy over 80% of the area of the state, while the rest is covered by Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks mainly along the coastal belt and in a few inland River valleys. The hard rock terrain comprises predominantly of Charnockite and Khondalite groups and their migmatitic derivatives, supracrustal sequences of Sathyamangalam and Kolar groups and Peninsular Gneissic

Complex (Bhavani Group), intruded by ultramafic-mafic complexes, basic dykes, granites and syenites. The sedimentary rocks of the coastal belt include fluviatile, fluvio-marine and marine sequences, such as Gondwana Supergroup (Carboniferous to Permian and Upper

Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous), marine sediments of Cauvery basin (Lower Cretaceous to

Paleogene), Cuddalore / Panambarai Formation (Mio-Pliocene) and sediments of Quaternary and Recent age (Fig.3). Geological map of Tamilnadu and Puducherry is given below:

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

Source: Miscellaneous publication, GSI, SU:TN&P, Chennai Fig.3 Geological Map of Tamil Nadu.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

Geology of Dharmapuri District

The geological formations of the district belong mainly to Archaean age along with rock of Proterozoic age. The former is represented by Khondalite Group of rocks, Charnockite Group of rocks, Migmatite Complex, Sathyamangalam Group of rocks, Bhavani Group of rocks and Kolar Alkaline rocks. The Khondalite Group includes garnet-sillimanite gneiss and quartzite which occur as small patches. The Charnockite Group occupies a major part of southern part of this district, and it is mainly charnockites along with some small bands of pyroxene granulites and magnetite quartzite. Two small patches of pyroxenite and gabbro are seen to occur in the pyroxene granulite near about 10 km. NE of Harur. The Migmatite Complex includes garnetiferous quartzofeldspathic gneiss and hornblende-biotite gneiss, the former exposed on the western part of the district. The Sathyamangalam Group of rocks include fuchsite quartzite, sillimanite mica schist and amphibolites. The Bhavani Group in this area includes fissile hornblende-biotite gneiss, granitoid gneiss and pink migmatite. Amphibolites with banded ferruginous quartzite and associated quartzo-feldspathic rocks (Chapion Gneiss) represent the Kolar Group and are found west and southwest of Veppanapalli. Following this there are basic intrusions occurring as dykes. The Alkaline Complex is represented by epidote-hornblende gneiss, ultramafics, syenite and carbonatite and these are distributed in the eastern part of the district. Innumerable basic dykes and felsites, quartz, barites and pegmatite veins form part of the Alkali Complex. The tentative stratigraphy of the district is furnished bellow:

Lithology Group Age Aplite: Quartz-barites veins: pegmatite Felsites porphyre biotite dyke Alkali/Ultramafic Complex Upper Proterozoic Carbonatite Syenite Anorthosite Pyroxenite, Gabbro, Dunite Epidote-hornblende gneiss

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

Dolerite Granite Archaean to Lower Metabasalt, Metagabbro Kolar Group Proterozoic Pink migmatite Granitoid gneiss PGC Amphibolite SargurGroup/Sathyamangalam Archaean Cordierite-sillimanite-mica Group schist Fuchsite quartzite Hornblende-biotite gneiss Migmatite complex Garnetiferous quartzofeldspathic gneiss Gabbro/proxenite Ultrabasic Complex Magnetite quartzite Pyroxene granulite Charnockite Group Charnockite Quartzite Garnet-sillimanite gneiss Khondalite Group Table.2 Tentative stratigraphy of Dharmapuri district. (source: DRM Dharmapuri, GSI)

Dharmapuri Shear Zone

This 200 km long 50 km wide zone extends from Bhavani in SSW to Gudiyattam in the NNE. The bounding lineament of this zone are Mettur – Palakkadu lineament in the west and Javadi Hills West lineament in the east. Neoproterozoic alkali magmatism and significant molybdenite mineralisation are reported in this zone. A number of diatreme breccia plugs are intermittently exposed along the eastern boundary of this zone near Singarapettai and Alangayam.

Main rock unit exposed in the district is charnockite. It covers most area of the district and mainly in the western part. The rock trend in general NE-SW. Within the charnockite NNE-

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

SSW trending syenite is seen. It is exposed NE of Pennagaram area, Hokkanaikkal and in Harur. Eastern part of the area is dominated by Epidote-hornblende gneiss.

MINERAL OCCURRENCES IN DHARMAPURI DISTRICT.

A vast range of minerals are reported from this area. They include apatite, corundum, copper, gold, iron ore, molybdenum, lead, limestone, Kankar, vermiculite, black granite and rough stones. Of them, the gold occurrence in the Veppanapalli area and molybdenum in Velampatti and its surrounding areas of Harur taluk has been studied in detail by GSI. The gold mineralization in Veppanapalli area is confined to the silicified zones showing gold values between 0.3 and 2.6g/t. Dimensional stones of the district are unique and possessing multicoloured and black granite. There is only one existing lease for colored granite in this district locating at Thimmarayanahalli, Palacode Taluk.

Brief note on Harur-Uttangarai Belt : Dharmapuri District

Preliminary investigation by GSI has brought to light a NNE-SSW trending shear zone with incidence of molybdenum and galena in SE part of Dharmapuri District (Rao, 1991). The shear zone extends over a strike length of 24km from Velampatti in the south to Uttangarai in the north separated by Ponnaiyar River. Yet another parallel shear zone, 4 km in extent has been identified in the Vellakkal Reserve Forest i.e. north of Ponnaiyar River. The mineralisation is confined to the shear zone within which emplacement of quartz and carbonate veins are present. The mineralisation is both in the veins as well as sheared altered country rock.

In Velampatti South Block, detailed work was carried out by drilling upto the fourth level over a length of 1.38 km, which proved the depth persistence of molybdenite mineralisation upto the vertical depth of 320m. The resources estimated in this block are of the order of 2.74 million tonnes with an average grade of 0.102% Mo at 0.03% cut-off or 5.75 million tonnes of ore with an average grade of 0.064% Mo at 0.01% cut-off. In the other blocks of Harur sector, a tentative resource of 12.68 million tonnes of ore with an average grade of 0.032% Mo has been estimated (Singanenjam et al, 1994).

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

In the Velampatti Central Block (Palanisamy et al, 1997), the extension of the above said mineralized zone has been proved further north over a strike length of 0.50km. A reserve of 0.336 million tonnes with an average grade of 0.079% Mo at 0.05% cut-off and 0.723 million tonnes with the average grade of 0.059% Mo at 0.03% cut off is established. The other nine blocks existing north of Ponnaiyar River in Uttangarai Sector are being explored, some of the borehole core samples show values as high as 2000 ppm of Mo.

1. ROUGH STONES

Charnockite is extensively quarried for rough stone which is used as blue metals for construction of building, laying roads and for preparation of hollow bricks. In some places, charnockite is used for the preparation of M-sand. There are 21 numbers of existing leases for rough stones in Dharmapuri district (Fig. 4a to 4t). The details are listed below:

FIELD DATA SHEET OF DGM, DHARMAPURI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU

COMMODITY/MINERAL: ROUGH STONE (PORAMBOKE LAND) (TABLE -3)

Sl. Name & Address of Lessee Location of the lease Latitude & Geology of the area No. Longitude 1 Massive, dark greyish and Thiru.Kathiresan coarse grained charnockite. S/o Kuppusamy, S.F.No.238, N12°24'44.67" Mere bands of pink grained 48,B,Erikodi, Boomandahalli, E78°09'29.78" feldspar-rich veins are noticed. Annasagaram (Po), Palacode (Taluk), Rock is well jointed and trend is Dharmapuri (Dt). Dharmapuri(Dt). N224°/vertical. Joint attitude is

N332°/69°SW 2 Massive charnockite quarry. Tmt.Oviyam, S.F.No.506 (Clubbed Pink granite gneiss veins are W/o Ranganathan, with 496, 504)(Part) N12°19'31.65" noticed. Trend is N345°/45°SE. 440, Main Road, P.Chettihalli E78°01'58.91" Well developed joints, Palacode (Tk), Palacode (Taluk), N185°/75°NW, N240°/vertical. Dharmapuri (Dt). Dharmapuri(Dt). Pegmatite veins also recorded, trend is N300°/76°SW. 3 Thiru.Nagendiran, Massive charnockite with pink S/o Munusamy, N12°21'50.96" granitic veins, some area shows HIG,9/1 Plot No.4, S.F.No.15/1 E78°08'34.21" greyish colour, trend of the joint TNHB Phase 15, Elumichanahalli is N340°/72°SW. Two bits are Mullai Nagar, Palacode (Taluk), there of dimension 96X76 & Hosur. Dharmapuri(Dt). 56X34

4 Thiru.Muniyappan, S.F.No.13 N12°19'42.60" Massive charnockite quarry S/o Puttu @ Parasuraman, Chikkarthanahalli, E78°05'30.68" with granitic veins, coarse Makkan kottai, Palacode (Taluk), grained rock, vertical joint of Sugar Mill (Po), Dharmapuri(Dt). N85° trend is present. Trend is Palacode (Tk), N135°/70°SW. Dharmapuri (Dt)

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

5 Thiru.B.C.Karunakaran, Pinkish grey Charnockite quarry S/o Soudappachetty, S.F.No.103(P-3) N12°03'58.43" trending N50°E-S50°W/60°SE. Pillayar Kovil St, Madathahalli E78°19'23.60" Length is 38m and width is Pappireddipatty Taluk, Pappireddipatty (Tk), 76m. Large slippage/weak plain Dharmapuri (Dt). Dharmapuri(Dt) is present with an attitude of N280°/46°NE. Most of the area of the quarry shows mylonitized rock, elongated quartz and feldspars show a mylonitic lineation of N43°E- S43°W/75°SE. Rock is well jointed too; trend is N316/68SW. Extensively sheared and crushed rock due major shear zone. 6 Highly sheared pinkish green Thiru.N.Sivakumar, charnockite quarry. Well S.F.No.103(P-4) S/o Neelakandan, N12°03'56.89" jointed (N160°/vertical), Madathahalli M-7, Old Temple Land, E78°19'23.70" trending N50°E-S50°W/60°SE. Pappireddipatty (Tk), Hutco, Hosur. Slippage/weak plain is observed Dharmapuri(Dt and it is trending N248°/88°NW. 7 Charnockite quarry. Rock is Thiru.R.M.Raja, S.F.No.1(P), N12°01'28.17" foliated, highly jointed and S/o Marappagounder, Mekkalnaikanahalli, E78°21'58.60" greyish color and medium Ramiyampatty, Pappirddipatty (Tk), grained. Attitude of the joints Ramiyanahalli (Po), Dharmapuri(Dt) are, N250°/63°SE, N-S/vertical. Pappireddipatty, Trend of the exposure is N250°/ Dharmapuri. vertical. Bit dimension is 38X60 & 56X42. 8 Thiru.Ravi, S.F.No.282/1(Part-1) Massive charnockite quarry. S/o Sellamuthu, Molayanoor, N11°55'01.37" Medium to coarse grained and Mullikadu (Po), Pappireddipatty (Tk), E78°20'29.35" greyish green color. Trend is Pappireddipatty (Tk), Dharmapuri(Dt). N50°E-S50°W/80°SE. Length is Dharmapuri (Dt). 307m and width is 164m. 9 Thiru.Tamilselvan, Massive grey charnockite. S/o Rajigounder, S.F.No.282/1(Part-2) N11°54'53.53" Trend is N50°E-S50°W/80°SE. Molaynaoor, Molayanoor, E78°20'35.87" Medium to coarse grained rock. Pappireddipatty (Tk), Pappireddipatty (Tk), Out crop length is 91m and Dharmapuri (Dt). Dharmapuri(Dt). width is 20-51m.

10 Thiru.I.D.Alavudeen Basha, Epidotized charnockite. Thick S/o Dhasthaheer, S.F.No. 2 (Part), N12°02'52.37" layer of epidotised roc is Maveripatty, Ellapudayampatty, E78°30'43.16" observed and its trend is Harur (Tk), Harur (Tk), N222°/45°SE. Trend of the joint Dharmapuri (Dt). Dharmapuri(Dt). is N258°/vertical. 11 Charnockite quarry. Trend is Thiru.Govindan, S.F.No.30/1 N12°06'06.76" N30°E-S30°W/69°SE. Massive S/o Perumal Gounder, Dhasarahalli, E78°21'37.80" and highly jointed rock. Mere Thurinjipatty, Harur (Tk), occurrence of epidote veins. Thenkaraikottai (Po), Dharmapuri(Dt). Joints are trending Pappireddipatty (Tk), N150°/vertical, N310°/vertical. Dharmapuri (Dt). Length of the quarry is 95m and width is 62m.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

12 Thiru.Karikalan, S.F.No.25/2 (Part) Charnockite quarry. Quarry is S/o Mullaivendan, Polayamballi, N12°09'50.23" not worked sofar. Boulder out 37/10, Thiru.vi.Ka, Nagar, Harur (Tk), E78°20'27.32" crops. Mere foliation is Harur (Tk), Dharmapuri (Dt). Dharmapuri(Dt) N220°/vertical. 13 Thiru.Karikalan, S.F.No.18(Part), Massive grey charnockite, trend S/o Mullaivendan, Polaymballi, N12°09'45.01" is N41°/82°SE. Trend of the 87/10, Thiru.vi.ka Nagar, Harur (Tk), E78°20'18.38" joint is N90°/72°S Harur (Tk), Dharmapuri. Dharmapuri (Dt) 14 Highly crushed/fragile epidote- rich charnockite. On top of the quarry having basic dyke Thiru.I.D.Alavudeen Basha, S.F.No. 61/2B, occurrence. Two to three thick S/o Dhasthaheer, Maveripatty bands of epidote-rich bands are Maveripatty, Harur (Tk), N12°03'06.49" seen, it shows clear attitude of Harur (Tk), Dharmapuri(Dt) E78°30'38.77" N-S/24°E. Trend of the joints Dharmapuri (Dt). are N349°/ vertical, N236°/61°NW & N339°/74°SW. Rock is mylonitised too; foliation trend is N55°/vertical. COMMODITY/MINERAL: ROUGH STONE (PATTA LANDS) 1 Gneissic charnockite, medium Tmt.Mallika, S.F.No.390 N12°14'46.10" grained grey rock, vertical W/o K.P.Anbalagan, Kalappanahalli, E78°10'41.60" joints, trend of the rock is E- Kerakodahalli Village, Palacode (Tk), W/36°S. Joints are, Palacode Tk, Dharmapuri(Dt). N129°/vertical, N104°/vertical. Dharmapuri Length is 95m., width is 55m. 2 S.F.No.402/2, 402/3 Massive, greyish-green medium Tmt.Nagarani, Kalappanahalli, N12°15'03.87" grained charnockite. Joint is W/o Sivasankar, Palacode (Tk), E78°10'25.28" N275°/ vertical trending. Trend Poonathanahalli village, Dharmapuri Dt. of the out crop is N235°/87°SE Palacode Taluk,

Dharmapuri Dt.

3 Thiru.Kannaiyan, S.F.No.379/2 Massive charnockite, medium to S/o Saminathan, Vetharampatti, N12°10'02.05" coarse greained boudery out D.Puliyampatty, Harur (Tk), E78°19'55.41" crops. Trend is N50°E- Vethrampatty (Po), Dharmapuri(Dt) S50°W/80°SE, length of the out Harur (Tk), crop quarrying is 234m and Dharmapuri (Dt). width is 80m. 4 Tmt.Deivanai, S.F.No349/2B & 350/1A Charnockite quarry. Medium W/o Late.Raji, Sindalpadi, N12°04'53.61" grained and greyish green Kambainalloor Main road, Pappireddypatty (Tk), E78°23'06.49" colour. Joint is N274°/74°SW. Morappur, Dharmapuri Dt. Trend of the rock is N240°/ Dharmapuri Dt. vertical 5 S.F.No.198/3, 199/2A, Massive, dark grey, medium Thiru.P.Periyannan, 199/2B N12°07'12.20" grained charnockite. Highly S/o Palani, Naththathahalli Village, E78°04'06.11" jointed, spheroidal weathering is Naththathahalli (Vill) & Nallampalli Taluk, predominant; joint is N28°E- (Post), Dharmapuri District. S28°W/vertical, N70°W- Nallampalli Taluk, S70°E/85°SW. L=160M, Dharmapuri District. W=100M 6 Thiru.G.Murugesan, S.F.Nos.770/1, 770/2 Massive greyish charnockite, S/o. Govindasamy, Naththathahalli Village, N12°03'06.49" jointed, trend is N350°/86°SW. Indur Village and Post, Nallampalli Taluk, E78°30'38.77" Dharmapuri Taluk and District Dharmapuri District.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

Fig.4a. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry, S.F.No.238, Fig.4b. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry, S.F.No.506 Boomandahalli, Palacode (Taluk), Dharmapuri(Dt). (Clubbed with 496, 504)(Part) P.Chettihalli, Palacode (Taluk), Dharmapur i(Dt).

Fig.4c. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry, S.F.No.15/1 Fig.4d. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry, S.F.No.13 Elumichanahalli, Palacode (Taluk), Dharmapuri(Dt). Chikkarthanahalli, Palacode (Taluk), Dharmapuri(Dt).

Fig.4e. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry, S.F.No.103(P-3) Fig.4f. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry S.F.No.103(P-4) Madathahalli, Pappireddipatty (Tk), Dharmapuri(Dt) Madathahalli, Pappireddipatty (Tk), Dharmapuri(Dt)

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

Fig.4g. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry, S.F.No.1(P), Fig.4h. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry, Mekkalnaikanahalli,,Pappirddipatty (Tk), Dharmapuri(Dt) S.F.No.282/1(Part-1) Molayanoor,, Pappireddipatty (Tk), Dharmapuri(Dt).

Fig.4i. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry, Fig.4j. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry S.F.No. 2 (Part), S.F.No.282/1(Part-2) Molayanoor, Pappireddipatty (Tk), Ellapudayampatty, Harur (Tk), Dharmapuri(Dt). Dharmapuri(Dt).

Fig.4k. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry, S.F.No.30/1 Fig.4l. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry, S.F.No.25/2 Dhasarahalli, Harur (Tk), Dharmapuri(Dt). (Part) Polayamballi, Harur (Tk), Dharmapuri(Dt)

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

Fig.4m. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry, Fig.4n. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry, S.F.No. 61/2B, S.F.No.18(Part), Polaymballi, Harur (Tk), Dharmapuri (Dt) Maveripatty, Harur (Tk), Dharmapuri(Dt)

Fig.4o. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry, S.F.No.390 Fig.4p. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry, S.F.No.402/2, Kalappanahalli, Palacode (Tk), Dharmapuri(Dt). 402/3 Kalappanahalli, Palacode (Tk), Dharmapuri Dt.

Fig.4q. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry, S.F.No.379/2 Fig.4r. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry, S.F.No349/2B & Vetharampatti, Harur (Tk), Dharmapuri(Dt) 350/1A Sindalpadi, Pappireddypatty (Tk), Dharmapuri Dt.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

Fig.4s. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry, S.F.No.198/3, Fig.4t. Field Photograph of Rough stone quarry, S.F.Nos.770/1, 199/2A, 199/2B, Naththathahalli Village, Nallampalli Taluk, 770/2 Naththathahalli Village, Nallampalli Taluk, Dharmapuri Dharmapuri District. District.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

5. DRAINAGE OF IRRIGATION PATTERN

Drainage

Dharmapuri district is drained by Cauvery and Ponnaiyar rivers and their tributaries. Cauvery river flows along the south western boundary of the district. It flows in aneasterly direction up to Bellgundla and then takes a more or less southerly course tillit reaches the Stanley Reservoir. The Doddahalla and the Chinnar R. are important tributaries of Cauvery river in the district. Ponnaiyar is the major river draining the district and is ephemeral in nature. It originates from Nandhi hills in Karnataka, enters Tamil Nadu west of Bagalur and flows almost in a south easterly direction till it reaches Daddampatti from where it takes an easterly course. Pambar, Vaniyar and Kallar are the important tributaries of Ponnaiyar draining the eastern part of the district whereas the Chinnar and Markandeya Nadhi drain the northern part of the district. Irrigation Practices The nine-fold lands use classification for the district is given below. (2017-18)

Table.4 Details of lands use classification for the Dharmapuri District.

The chief irrigation sources in the area are the Canals, tanks, wells and bore wells and other sources. Irrigation is highest in Harur, Morappur and Karimangalam block followed by Palacode, Papireddipatti, Nallampalli, Dharmapuri, and Pennagaram blocks. The block wise and source wise net area irrigated (Ha) (2017-18) is given below.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

Table.5 Details of Block wise and Source wise Net area irrigation sources in Dharmapuri District

6. LAND UTILISATION PATTERN IN THE DISTRICT

Forest The whole district is predominantly covered with forests. Spider valley located near Hogenakkal is home for many wild animals. The district falls in the migratory path of elephants. Man and elephant conflicts are most common in these parts. Many tribal communities depend on these forests. Vathalmalai, a mountain hamlet on top of Shervarayan hill chain has suitable conditions to cultivate coffee and jack fruit. Wild boars and spotted deers are commonly seen in Morappur and Harur forest region. Gore’s sometimes stroll near villages near Bommidi region. Thoppur ghat section has one of the scenic highways surround by mountains and forests. This district lies in a geography where both Western and Eastern ghats make their presence. The total forest area in the district is 1614.32 sq. Km. area. Among this area of deciduous forest is 1089.15 sq. Km., evergreen/ semi-evergreen forest is 436.12 sq. Km., scrub forest is 87.05 sq. Km. and forest plantation area is around sq. Km.

Agriculture The District economy is mainly agrarian in nature. Nearly 70% of the workforce is dependent on agriculture and allied activities. The district is one among most backward and drought prone area in the state. Total area under agriculture is 2525.55 sq. Km.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

Table.6 Land utilization in agricultural sector.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

Horticulture Dharmapuri district forms a major horticultural belt in the state. As the area is drought prone it has become essential to switch over to cultivation of drought tolerant perennial fruit crops in this district. Mango is the main horticulture crop of this District. It has the highest area under the fruit crops . The district accounts for nearly one-third area under mango and nearly one-half of the mango yield in the state. Palacode is the main area where tomato is cultivated. Chilli is cultivated mainly at Pennagaram. Different types of the soils such as black or mixed loams, red ferruginous and gravel are found in the district. The black or red loam is very fertile due to its moisture absorbing character. Red and sandy clay loam soils are seen in Vannampatti area. Block Clay loam soils are seen in Dharmapuri Taluk and Jayapuram. Sandy and Slity clay loam soils are seen in Harur, Nattam and Mariyampatti Area. Red and Sandy Clay loam soils are seen in Thoppur and Salem. Considerable stretches of good loam and black soil are found in Dharmapuri district. In general, the soil in the district is quite loose and fresh with its colour varying from red to dark brown. The soil has low nitrogen and phosphate content with marked variations between different Taluks.

Table.7 Soil type ranges of the Dharmapuri district

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

Fig. 5 Land use pattern of Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

Fig. 6 Land use and land cover chart of Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu

Fig. 7 Soil Map of Dharmapuri district

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

7. SURFACE WATER AND GROUND WATER SCENARIO OF THE DISTRICT

GROUND WATER SCENARIO Hydrogeology The district is underlain by Archaean Crystalline formations with recent alluvial deposits of limited areal and vertical extents along major rivers. The important aquifer systems in the district are constituted by i) unconsolidated & semiconsolidated formations and (ii) weathered and fractured crystalline rocks.

Fig. 8 Hydrology Map of Dharmapuri District

In the areas underlain by crystalline rocks, occurrence of ground water is essentially limited to zone of weathering and fracturing. Generally the hard rock aquifers are heterogeneous in nature, which is indicated by the variations in lithology, structure and texture. Ground water occurs under phreatic condition in the weathered mantle and semi confined to confined condition in the fracture and fissured zones of these rocks. Thickness of weathered material varied widely from less than 1m bgl to more than 20m bgl.

The Alluvium with intervening crystalline outcrops are noticed as patches west of Dharmapuri, and Pappireddipatti areas. The ground water occurs under water table to semi- confined conditions. The discharge ranges from 10 to 20 m3 /day.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

The yield of large diameter wells in the district, tapping the weathered mantle of crystalline rocks ranges from 150-200 m3 /day and are able to sustain pumping for 2 to 4 hours per day. The yield of large diameter wells tested in crystalline rocks ranges from 150 to 200 m3 /day for drawdown of 1 to 3 m. The yield characteristics of wells vary considerably depending on the topographic set-up, litho logy and nature of weathering. The transmissivity of weathered formations computed from pumping test data using empirical methods range from 12 to 22 m2 /day. The specific capacity in the fissured formation ranges from 2.89 to 153.74 lpm/m/dd. In the porous formation the specific capacity values vary from 6.31 to 28.7 lpm/m/dd. The yield of bore wells drilled down to a depth of 36 to 200 m bgl, by various state agencies mainly for domestic purposes. The discharge ranged from 2 to 33 lps. The yield of successful bore wells drilled down to a depth of 200 m bgl during the ground water exploration programme of Central Ground Water Board ranged from 1 to 12 lps. The aquifer and well parameters of the wells show wide variation, both in crystalline and sedimentary formations. The depth to water level in the district varied between 5.27 and 16.70 m bgl during pre- monsoon (Plate-III) and varied between 2.47 and 11.32 m bgl during post monsoon. The seasonal fluctuation shows a rise in water level, which ranges from 3.71 to 7.06 m bgl. The piezometric head varied between 2.66 to 20.06 m bgl during pre monsoon and 1.19 to 14.57 m bgl during post monsoon.

Fig. 9 Depth to Water level map of Dharmapuri district

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

Aquifer Parameters The Transmissivity values in weathered, partly weathered and jointed rocks vary from 12 to 300 m2 /day and specific yield in this formation is less than 2% and the Transmissivity values ranged from 4 to 16 m2 /day. The specific yield varied formations is around 2% to 4%.

Ground Water Resources The ground water resources have been computed jointly by Central Ground Water Board and State Ground & Surface Water Resources and Data Center (PWD, WRO, Government of Tamil Nadu) as on 31st March 2004. The salient features of the computations are furnished below. The computation of ground water resources available in the district has been done using GEC 1997 methodology.

Ground Water Quality The chemical characteristics of ground water in the phreatic zone in Dharmapuri district has been studied using the analytical data of ground water samples collected from Network Hydrograph Stations of Central Ground Water Board. The study of quality of ground water in deeper aquifers in the district has been attempted using the data collected from exploratory bore/tube wells constructed in the district. Ground water in phreatic aquifers in Dharmapuri district in general, is colourless, odourless and slightly alkaline in nature. The specific electrical conductance of ground water in phreatic zone (in MicroSeimens at 25 oC) during May 2006 was in the range of 320 to 6010 in the district. It is between 750 and 2250 µS/cm at 25oC in the major part of the district. Conductance below 750 µS/cm have been observed in ground water in only one sample is Dharmapuri block Whereas Conductance exceeding 2250µS/cm have been observed in parts of Papireddipatti, Pennagaram and Morappur block. It is observed that the ground water is suitable for drinking and domestic uses in respect of all the constituents except total hardness and Nitrate in more than 90 percent of samples analysed. Total Hardness as CaCO3 is observed in all samples have with in the excess of permissible limits in about 40 percent of samples analysed whereas Nitrate is found in excess of 45 mg/l in about 32 percent samples. The incidence of high total hardness is attributed to the composition of lithounits constituting the aquifers in the district, whereas the Nitrate pollution is most likely due to the use of pesticides and fertilizers for agriculture.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

With regard to irrigation suitability based on specific electrical conductance and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), it is observed that ground water in the phreatic zone may cause high to very high salinity hazard and medium to high alkali hazard when used for irrigation. Proper soil management strategies are to be adopted in the major part of the district while suing ground water for irrigation.

Status of Ground Water Development The estimation of groundwater resources for the district has shown that all block is under “Over Exploited” category. The shallow alluvial aquifers along Cauvery and Ponnaiyar rivers serve as an important source of drinking water irrigation development for Dharmapuri district. Dug wells are the most common ground water abstraction structures used for irrigation in the district. The yield of dug wells range from 150 to 200 m3/day in weathered crystalline rocks and 20 to 200 m3/day in Recent alluvial formations along major drainage courses.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

8. CLIMATE AND RAINFALL OF THE DISTRICT The normal annual rainfall over the district varies from about 760mm to about 910mm. It is lowest around Rayakota (766.5mm) in the northern part of the district. Itgradually increases towards south, west and east and attains a maximum around Denkanikota (912.0mm) in the northwestern part small area the northwestern part around Thally. It increases towards the north and reaches a maximum in the northern part around Rayakota.

The district temperature is a gradual decrease of both day and night temperatures from June onwards till December, when the mean daily maximum is about 30°C and the mean daily minimum about 19°C in the plains. The day temperatures increase gradually from January onwards. The lowest temperature is reached in January when the mean daily minimum is about 19°C. April and May are the hottest months in the year with the mean daily maximum temperature of about 37°C and the mean daily minimum temperature of about 25°C in the plains. However, in the higher areas in Hosur, Thally and Krishnagiri taluks day and night temperatures are lower by about 2°C to 3°C. In these areas weather is comparatively pleasant round the year. In the lower plains weather is also pleasant except on individual days in May, June and July when weather becomes occasionally oppressive and sultry due to high temperatures (about 42°C).

The climate of the district on the whole is slightly humid. The driest months are February and March with average relative humidity of about 30% in the afternoons. During the rainy months the average humidity is appreciably below the saturation level.

Skies are generally clear or lightly clouded during the period January to about the middle of April. The cloudiness increases from the latter half of April and from middle of June onwards when the skies are generally clouded till about the middle of November.

Winds are generally light to moderate in strength round the year. In open areas, winds blow from northeasterly to easterly directions during the period November to March and from southwesterly to westerly directions during the period May to September. April and October are the transition months. During March, winds are mainly from easterly directions, and in October, winds are mainly from southwest direction in the morning and easterly direction in the afternoon. However, winds in the higher and sheltered places or valleys may differ very much.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

The normal rainfall of the district is 902.1 mm. During the year 2017-18 the actual rainfall of the district is 820.8 mm.

(Table 8.) MONTHLY RAINFALLL DATA OF DHARMAPURI-

(In Millimetres)

Fig.10 Histogram plot of rain fall data of 2017-18

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

TIME SERIES DATA OF RAINFALL BY SEASONS (LAST 14 YEARS)

Year:1999-2000 To 2017-2018 (TABLE. 09)

9. DETAILS OF THE MINING LEASES IN THE DISTRICT The commodity/item wise details of mining lease in Dharmapuri district is given below:

LIST OF EXISTING ROUGH STONE QUARRIES. (Table -10)

Sl. Name of Name of the Address & Contact Mining Lease Area of Mining Period of Mining Lease Period of Date of Status Captive/ Obtained Location of Method of No. the Lessee No. of Lessee Grant Order Lease Mining Lease Commence (Working/ Non Environm the Mining Mining Mineral No. & Date (1st / 2nd ... ment of Non Captive ental Lease (Opencast/ Renewal) Mining Working/ Clearance (Latitude & Under From Date To Date From To Operation Temp. (Yes/No), Longitude) Ground) Working If Yes for Letter No. Dispatch with Date etc., of Grant of EC 9 10 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 12 13 14

ROUGH STONE IN PORAMBOKE LAND S.F.No.238, EC Letter Extent. 1.29.5 Thiru.Kathiresan No.SEIAA- Hects., S/o Kuppusamy, Coll.Pro. TN/F.No. Boomandahalli, Opencast Rough Thiru.Kathiresan 48,B,Erikodi, Roc.No. 26.06.2010 Non 4500/1(a) 1 Palacode (Taluk), 26.06.2010 25.06.2020 -- -- Working N12°24'44.67" Semi Stone Annasagaram (Po), 121/2010(M) Captive EC.No:357 Dharmapuri(Dt). E78°09'29.78" mechanized Dharmapuri (Dt). dt.05.06.10 4/2016

dated

19.8.2016

S.F.No.506 (Clubbed with Tmt.Oviyam, 496, 504)(Part) Coll.Pro. W/o Ranganathan, Extent. 5.00.0 Opencast Rough Tmt.Oviyam Roc.No. 26.06.2010 Non Non 2 440, Main Road, Hects., 26.06.2010 25.06.2020 -- -- No N12°19'31.65" Semi Stone 123/2010(M) Working Captive Palacode (Tk), P.Chettihalli E78°01'58.91" mechanized dt.05.06.10 Dharmapuri (Dt). Palacode (Taluk), Dharmapuri(Dt)

Thiru.Nagendiran, S.F.No.15/1 S/o Munusamy, Coll.Pro. Extent. 3.90.0 Opencast Rough Thiru.Nagendiran HIG,9/1 Plot No.4, Roc.No. Hects., 21.07.2010 Non Non N12°21'50.96" 3 21.07.2010 20.07.2020 -- -- No Semi Stone TNHB Phase 15, 124/2010(M) Elumichanahalli Working Captive E78°08'34.21" mechanized Mullai Nagar, dt.05.06.10 Palacode (Taluk), Hosur. Dharmapuri(Dt).

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

Thiru.Muniyappan, S.F.No.13 Extent. S/o Puttu @ Coll.Pro. 3.66.5 Hects., Parasuraman, Roc.No. Chikkarthanahalli N12°19'42.60" Opencast Rough Thiru.Muniyappan, 11.07.2010 Non Non 4 Makkan kottai, 125/2010(M) Palacode (Taluk), 11.07.2010 10.07.2020 -- -- No E78°05'30.68" Semi Stone Working Captive Sugar Mill (Po), dt.05.06.10 Dharmapuri(Dt). mechanized Palacode (Tk), Dharmapuri (Dt) Thiru.B.C.Karunakar S.F.No.103(P-3) an, Extent. 5.00.0 Coll.Pro. Thiru.B.C.Karunaka S/o Soudappachetty, Hects., Opencast Rough Roc.No. 11.07.2010 Non Non N12°03'58.43" 5 ran Pillayar Kovil St, Madathahalli 11.07.2010 10.07.2020 -- -- No Semi Stone 131/2010(M) Working Captive E78°19'23.60" Pappireddipatty Pappireddipatty mechanized dt.05.06.10 Taluk, (Tk), Dharmapuri (Dt). Dharmapuri(Dt) S.F.No.103(P-4) Thiru.N.Sivakumar, Extent. 5.00.0 S/o Neelakandan, Coll.Pro. Hects., Opencast Rough Thiru.N.Sivakumar M-7, Old Temple Roc.No. 11.07.2010 Non Non 6 Madathahalli 11.07.2010 10.07.2020 -- -- No N12°03'56.89" Semi Stone Land, 132/2010(M) Working Captive Pappireddipatty E78°19'23.70" mechanized Hutco, Hosur. dt.05.06.10 (Tk),

Dharmapuri(Dt Thiru.R.M.Raja, S.F.No.1(P), S/o Extent. 4.05.0 Coll.Pro. Marappagounder, Hects., Opencast Rough Thiru.R.M.Raja, Roc.No. 27.06.2010 Non Non N12°01'28.17" 7 Ramiyampatty, Mekkalnaikanaha 27.06.2010 26.06.2020 -- -- No Semi Stone 133/2010(M) Working Captive E78°21'58.60" Ramiyanahalli (Po), lli, mechanized dt.13.06.10 Pappireddipatty, Pappirddipatty Dharmapuri. (Tk), DharmapurI. S.F.No.282/1 Thiru.Ravi, (Part-1) Coll.Pro. S/o Sellamuthu, Molayanoor, 07.09.2010 Opencast Rough Thiru.Ravi, Roc.No. Non Non N11°55'01.37" 8 Mullikadu (Po), Pappireddipatty 07.09.2010 06.09.2020 -- -- No Semi Stone 136/2010(M) Working Captive E78°20'29.35" Pappireddipatty (Tk), (Tk), mechanized dt.13.06.10 Dharmapuri (Dt). Dharmapuri(Dt). S.F.No.282/1 Thiru.Tamilselvan, (Part-2) Extent. S/o Rajigounder, Coll.Pro. 5.00.0 Hects., 07.09.2010 Opencast Rough Molaynaoor, Roc.No. Non Non N11°54'53.53" 9 Thiru.Tamilselvan Molayanoor, 07.09.2010 06.09.2020 -- -- No Semi Stone Pappireddipatty (Tk), 137/2010(M) Working Captive E78°20'35.87" Pappireddipatty mechanized Dharmapuri (Dt). dt.13.06.10 (Tk), Dharmapuri

Thiru.I.D.Alavudeen S.F.No. 2 (Part), Basha, Extent. 2.02.5 Coll.Pro. Thiru.I.D.Alavudeen S/o Dhasthaheer, Hects., 11.07.2010 Opencast Rough Roc.No. Non Non N12°02'52.37" 10 Basha, Maveripatty, Ellapudayampatty 11.07.2010 10.07.2020 -- -- No Semi Stone 144/2010(M) Working Captive E78°30'43.16" Harur (Tk), Harur (Tk), mechanized dt.13.06.10 Dharmapuri (Dt). Dharmapuri(Dt).

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

Thiru.Govindan, S.F.No.30/1 S/o Perumal Extent. 1.51.5 Gounder, Hects., Coll.Pro. Thurinjipatty, Dhasarahalli, Opencast Rough Roc.No. Non Non N12°06'06.76" 11 Thiru.Govindan Thenkaraikottai (Po), Harur (Tk), 23.07.2010 22.07.2020 -- -- 23.07.2010 No Semi Stone 145/2010(M) Working Captive E78°21'37.80" Pappireddipatty (Tk), Dharmapuri(Dt). mechanized dt.13.06.10 Dharmapuri (Dt).

Thiru.Karikalan, S.F.No.25/2 S/o Mullaivendan, Coll.Pro. (Part) Extent. Opencast Rough Thiru.Karikalan 37/10, Thiru.vi.Ka, Roc.No. 5.00.0 Hects., 11.09.2010 Non Non N12°09'50.23" 12 11.09.2010 10.09.2020 -- -- No Semi Stone Nagar, Harur (tk), 146/2010(M) Polayamballi, Working Captive E78°20'27.32" mechanized Dharmapuri (Dt). dt.13.06.10 Harur (Tk), Dharmapuri(Dt) Thiru.Karikalan, S.F.No.18(Part), S/o Mullaivendan, Coll.Pro. Extent. 3.28.0 Thiru.Karikalan, 87/10, Thiru.vi.ka Opencast Rough Roc.No. Hects., 12.09.2010 Non Non N12°09'45.01" 13 Nagar, 12.09.2010 11.09.2020 -- -- No Semi Stone 147/2010(M) Polaymballi, Working Captive E78°20'18.38" Harur (Tk), mechanized dt.13.06.10 Harur (Tk), Dharmapuri. Dharmapuri (Dt)

S.F.No. 61/2B, EC Letter Extent. 0.77.5 No.SEIAA- Thiru.I.D.Alavudeen Hects., TN/ Basha, Coll.Pro. Thiru.I.D.Alavudeen Maveripatty F.No.4723 Opencast Rough S/o Dhasthaheer, Roc.No. 11.07.2010 Non 14 Basha, Harur (Tk), 11.07.2010 10.07.2020 -- -- Working /1(a)/EC. N12°03'06.49" Semi Stone Maveripatty, 148/2010(M) Captive Dharmapuri(Dt) No: 3654/ E78°30'38.77" mechanized Harur (Tk), dt.13.06.10 2016 Dharmapuri (Dt). dated 08.8.2016 Thiru.P.Ravisankar, S.F.No.333 (Part), EC Letter S/o Panneerselvam, Extent. 1.74.0 No. 06/ 1/3, Coll.Pro. Hects, DEIAA- Chinnapoolappatti Opencast Rough 153/2017 (M) Kalappanahalli 26.12.2017 Non DPI/EC. 12o14’46.54” N 15. Thiru.P.Ravisankar village, 26.12.2017 25.12.2022 -- -- Working Semi Stone dated village, Captive No. 06/ o Kottumaaranahalli 78 10’48.45” E mechanized 26.12.2017 Karimangalam 2017 post, Karimangalam Taluk, dated. Taluk, Dharmapuri Dharmapuri(Dt) 31.10.17 District. Thiru.R.Saravana S.F.No.384, EC Letter kumar, Extent. 0.69.0 No. 07/ S/o Rajagopal, Hects, Coll.Pro. DEIAA- Thiru.R.Saravanaku 1/183, Kerakodahalli Kalappanahalli Opencast Rough 154/2017 (M) Non DPI/EC. 12o 14’47.49” N 16. mar village, village, 26.12.2017 25.12.2022 -- -- 26.12.2017 Working Semi Stone dated Captive No. 07/ 78o 10’54.65” E Karimangalam Karimangalam mechanized 26.12.2017 2017 Taluk, Dharmapuri Taluk, dated. District. Dharmapuri(Dt) 31.10.17

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

S.F.No.389 (part), EC Letter Thiru.A.Sasimohan, Extent. 2.02.5 No. 08/ S/oK.P.Anbhazhagan Coll.Pro. Hects, DEIAA- Opencast Rough 1/136-A, 155/2017 (M) Kalappanahalli Non DPI/EC. 12o 14’42.70” N 17. Thiru.A.Sasimohan 26.12.2017 25.12.2027 -- -- 26.12.2017 Working Semi Stone Kerakodahalli village, dated village, Captive No. 08/ 78o 10’33.88” E mechanized Karimangalam Taluk, 26.12.2017 Karimangalam 2017 Dharmapuri District. Taluk, dated. Dharmapuri(Dt) 31.10.17 Thiru.P.Saravanan, S.F.No.335, EC Letter S/o Panneerselvam, Extent. 1.78.0 No. 09/ 1/3, Coll.Pro. Hects, DEIAA- Chinnapoolappatti Opencast Rough Thiru.P.Saravanan 156/2017 (M) Kalappanahalli Non DPI/EC. 12o 14’35.22” N 18. village, 26.12.2017 25.12.2022 -- -- 26.12.2017 Working Semi Stone dated village, Captive No. 09/ 78o 10’47.65” E Kottumaaranahalli mechanized 26.12.2017 Karimangalam 2017 post, Karimangalam Taluk, dated. Taluk, Dharmapuri Dharmapuri(Dt) 31.10.17 District Tmt.M.Mallika, S.F.No.401 (part), EC Letter W/o P.Manickam, Extent. 3.70.0 No. 10/ Coll.Pro. Hects, DEIAA- 5/20, Opencast Rough Tmt.M.Mallika 157/2017 (M) Kalappanahalli Non DPI/EC. 12o15’ 1.00” N 19. Kairukarankottai, 12.02.2018 11.02.2028 -- -- 12.02.2018 Working Semi Stone dated village, Captive No. 10/ 78o 10’27.05” E Kerakodahalli post, mechanized 06.02.2018 Karimangalam 2017 Karimangalam Taluk, Taluk, dated. Dharmapuri District. Dharmapuri(Dt) 31.10.17 Thiru.K.Lakshmanan, S.F.No.4/1, EC Letter Sri Amman Blue Extent. 0.71.0 No. 12/ Metals, Coll.Pro. Hects, DEIAA- Rough Thiru.Lakshmanan 161/2017 (M) Ganapathipatti 12.02.2018 Not yet Non DPI/EC. 12o 08’24.54” N Opencast 20. Ganapathipatti 12.02.2018 11.02.2028 -- -- Stone dated village, started Captive No. 12/ 78o 29’1.81” E Semi village, 06.02.2018 Harur Taluk, 2017 mechanized Harur Taluk, Dharmapuri (Dt). dated. Dharmapuri District. 31.10.17 S.F.No.260, EC Letter Extent. 0.77.5 No. 11/ Coll.Pro. Hects, DEIAA- Opencast Rough Thiru.P.Suresh 158/2017 (M) Boomandahalli 20.07.2018 20.07.2018 Not yet Non DPI/EC. 12o 14’30.18” N 21. Thiru.P.Suresh, 19.07.2023 -- -- Semi Stone dated village, started Captive No. 11/ 78o 09’37.25” E 4/1158A, 4th Cross, mechanized 20.07.2018 Karimangalam 2017 Indhira Nagar, Taluk, dated. Dharmapuri District. Dharmapuri (Dt). 31.10.17 Thiru.P.Anguraj, District EC Letter S.F.No.266/B Collector, No. 11/ S/o Periyannan, (Part-1), Extent. Dharmapuri DEIAA- D.No.5/78, 1.00.0 Hects, Opencast Rough Thiru.P.Anguraj Proceedings Non DPI/EC. 12o 0’ 08.38” N 22. Patchagounder Palayam village, 07.03.2019 06.03.2024 -- -- 07.03.2019 Working Semi Stone Roc.No. Captive No. 11/ 78o 05’59.51” E Street, Elaligam Post, Nallampalli Taluk, mechanized 151/2017 (M) 2018 Dharmapuri (Dt). Nallampalli Taluk, dated dated.

Dharmapuri District 04.03.2019 31.10.18

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

ROUGH STONE IN PATTA LANDS

S.F.No.379/2 EC Letter Extent. 1.90.0 No.SEIAA- Thiru.Kannaiyan, Hects., TN/ Coll.Pro. S/o Saminathan, Vetharampatti, F.No.1540 Thiru.Kannaiyan Roc.No. Opencast Rough D.Puliyampatty, Harur (Tk), Non /1(a)/EC. N12°10'02.05" 1. 48/2012 22.06.2015 21.06.2020 -- -- 22.06.2015 Working Semi Stone Vethrampatty (Po), Dharmapuri(Dt) Captive No: 1474/ E78°19'55.41" (Mines) mechanized Harur (Tk), 2014 dt.18.05.2015 Dharmapuri (Dt). dated 25.7.2014

S.F.No.856/3 EC Letter Extent. 1.21.5 No.SEIAA- Thiru.A.Perumal, Hects., TN/F.No. S/o Anaigounder, Coll.Pro. Kammampatty, 3194/EC/ Srinivasa Garden, Roc.No. Opencast Rough Thiru.A.Perumal Dharmapuri Non 1(a) 2172/ N11°55’ 06.47” 2. 3/17C2, Main Road, 481/2013 25.01.2016 24.01.2021 -- -- 25.01.2016 Working Semi Stone Taluk, Captive 2014 E77°58' 39.16” Vanavasi, (Mines) mechanized Dharmapuri dated Mettur Taluk, dt.30.11.2015. District. 01.4.2015 Salem District.

S.F.No349/2B & EC Letter 350/1A Extent. No.SEIAA- Tmt.Deivanai, Coll.Pro. 3.27.0 Hects., TN/ W/o Late.Raji, Roc.No. Sindalpadi, F.No.2957 Opencast Rough Tmt.Deivanai Kambainalloor Main Non N12°04'53.61" 3. 198/2013 Pappireddypatty 20.07.2016 19.07.2021 -- -- 20.07.2016 Working /1(a)/EC. Semi Stone road, Captive E78°23'06.49" (Mines) (Tk), No: 2830/ mechanized Morappur, dt.29.06.2016. Dharmapuri Dt. 2015 Dharmapuri Dt. dated 08.2.2016 S.F.No.198/3, EC Letter Thiru.P.Periyannan, 199/2A, 199/2B No.SEIAA- S/o Palani, Extent. 1.61.5 TN/ Coll.Pro. Naththathahalli (Vill) Hects., F.No.2469 Opencast Rough Thiru.P.Periyannan Roc.No.75/201 Non N12°07'12.20" 4. & (Post), Naththathahalli 28.12.2016 27.12.2021 -- -- 28.12.2016 Working /1(a)/EC. Semi Stone 2 (Mines) Captive E78°04'06.11" Nallampalli Taluk, Village, No: 1844/ mechanized dt.29.06.2016. Dharmapuri District. Nallampalli Taluk, 2014 Dharmapuri dated District. 30.3.2015 S.F.Nos.770/1, EC Letter 770/2, Extent. No.SEIAA- Thiru.G.Murugesan, Coll.Pro. 1.62.0 Hects., TN/

Thiru.G.Murugesan S/o. Govindasamy, Roc.No.146/20 Naththathahalli F.No.5344 Opencast Rough Non N12°03'06.49" 5. Indur Village and 14 (Mines) Village, 08.03.2017 07.03.2022 -- -- 08.03.2017 Working /1(a)/EC. Semi Stone Captive E78°30'38.77" Post, Dharmapuri dt.21.10.2016 Nallampalli Taluk, No: 3452/ mechanized

Taluk and District Dharmapuri 2016 dated 29.7.2016

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

S.F.No.92/1B, EC Letter Extent. 1.58.5 No. 01/ Thiru.Thirumal, Hects., DEIAA- S/o.Angamuthu, Coll.Pro. Maveripatty DPI/EC. Opencast Rough Thiru.Thirumal Kalladipatty Village, Roc.No.424/20 Village, Harur Non No. 01/ 12o 03’ 4.11” N 6. 21.07.2017 20.07.2022 -- -- 21.07.2017 Working Semi Stone Achalvadi Post, 13 (Mines) Taluk, Captive 2017 78o 30’33.80” E mechanized Harur Taluk, dt.21.07.2017 Dharmapuri dated. Dharmapuri District. District. 24.06.17

S.F.No.114/1 & EC Letter Extent. 1.62.0 Thiru.K.Vasudevan, No.SEIAA- Hects., S/o. Krishnamoorthy, TN/ F.No. Coll.Pro. Bathalahalli D.Puliyampatti 5711/1(a) Opencast Rough Thiru.Vasudevan 227/2015 (M) village, Non 12o 09’20.02” N 7. village, Vetharampatti 13.11.2017 12.11.2022 -- -- 13.11.2017 Working /EC.No: Semi Stone dated Karimangalam Captive 78o 19’25.28” E Post, 3916/ mechanized 07.06.2017 Taluk, Harur Taluk, 2016 dt: Dharmapuri Dharmapuri District 24.11.16

S.F.Nos. 147/1, EC Letter Shri Ponguru Blue 147/2, 148 (Part) No.SEIAA- Metal Mines, & 161/1 Extent. TN/ Shri Ponguru Blue M/s Sri Ponguru Coll.Pro. 6.97.5 Hects., of F.No.6450 Opencast Rough Metal Mines Magnestic Roc.No. Thenkaraikottai 12.02.2018 Non /1(a)/EC. 12o 02’15.83” N 8. 12.02.2018 11.02.2023 -- -- Working Semi Stone Mines Office 228/2017(M) Village, Captive No: 3961/ 78o 24’52.99” E mechanized Compund, dt.06.02.2018 Pappireddypatti 2017 dt: Jagir Ammapalayam, Taluk, 15.11.17 Salem- 636 302. Dharmapuri

S.F.No. 2/5F, EC Letter M/s. Sri Amman Blue 4/2B & 4/3, No.SEIAA- Metals, Extent. 0.98.5 Coll.Pro. TN/ F.No. M/s. Sri Amman Ganapathipatti Hects., Opencast Rough Roc.No. 12.02.2018 Not yet Non 5661/1(a) 12o 08’24.54” N 9. Blue Metals village, Paraiyapatti Ganapathipatti 12.02.2018 11.02.2023 -- -- Semi Stone 09/2014(M) started Captive /Ec.No. 78o 29’1.81” E post, Village, Harur mechanized dt.06.02.2018 3931/ Harur Taluk, Taluk, 2016 dt: Dharmapuri District. Dharmapuri 07.06.17

S.F.No. 259/1F & Extent. 0.36.0 Thiru.B.Sangeethku EC Letter Hects., mar, No. 04/ Coll.Pro. Boomandahalli S/o Baskar, DEIAA- 12o 14’30.81” N Opencast Rough Thiru.Sangeethkumar Roc.No. village, Not yet Non 10. 25-A, Kaliyappa 20.07.2018 19.07.2023 -- -- 20.07.2018 DPI/EC. to Semi Stone 138/2014(M) Karimangalam started Captive Gounder Street, No. 04/ 78o 09’35.86” E mechanized dt.20.07.2018 Taluk, Mathikonpalayam, 2017 dt: Dharmapuri Dharmapuri District. 11.08.17 District

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

S.F.Nos. 213 & EC Letter Thiru.PanneerSelvam 216/1, Extent. No. 02/ S/o Jadaiyan, Coll.Pro. 1.86.50 Hects., Thiru.J.Panneer DEIAA- Opencast Rough B.S.Agraharam, Roc.No. Nathathahalli Non 12o 06’19.29” N 11. Selvam 10.10.2018 09.10.2023 -- -- 10.10.2018 Working DPI/EC. Semi Stone Naththathahalli Post, 03/2012(M) Village, Captive 78o 04’03.86” E No. 02/ mechanized Nallampalli Taluk, dt.14.09.2018 Nallampalli Taluk, 2018 dt: Dharmapuri District. Dharmapuri 29.06.18 District S.F.No.30/1B, EC Letter Tmt.G.Vijayalakshmi, Extent. 1.73.50 No. 03/ W/o Munusamy, Coll.Pro. Hects., DEIAA- Opencast Rough Tmt.Vijayalakshmi 6/1, Venugopal Roc.No. Non 12o 05’ 50.76”N 12. Nekkunthi village, 12.11.2018 11.11.2023 -- -- 12.11.2018 Working DPI/EC. Semi Stone Street, 372/2017(M) Captive 78o 01’48.40” E Nallampalli Taluk, No. 03/ mechanized Near R.K.Hospital, dt.12.11.2018 Dharmapuri 2018 dt: Dharmapuri District 29.06.18 S.F.Nos.34/2A, 34/2B2, 34/2C, 34/3, 34/4, 34/5, EC Letter Thiru.P.Ponnusamy, 34/2E2 and No. 04/ S/o Perumal, Coll.Pro. 54/9A, Extent. DEIAA- Singirihalli village, Roc.No. Opencast Rough Thiru.P.Ponnusamy 2.61.0 Hects., of Not yet Non DPI/EC. 12o 07’40.24” N 13. Ranimookanur Post, 234/2014 (M) 07.03.2019 06.03.2024 -- -- 07.03.2019 Semi Stone Singirihalli started Captive No. 04/ 78o18’47.43” E Pappireddypatti dated. mechanized Village, 2018 Taluk, 04.03.2019. Pappireddypatti dated. Dharmapuri District Taluk, 29.06.18 Dharmapuri District

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

10. DETAILS OF ROYALTY OR REVENUE RECEIVED IN LAST THREE YEARS

(in Rs.)

Mineral wise revenue for the last three years of Dharmapuri district is given below:

(Table-11)

Seigniorage fee for Sl. No Year RoughStone

1. 2016-17 65,36,970

2. 2017-18 61,02,990

3. 2018-19 88,53,540

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

11. DETAILS OF PRODUCTION OF MINOR MINERALS IN LAST THREE YEARS

Year wise production of Rough Stone during last three years is given below:

(Table-12)

Sl. No Year Rough Stone (Cubic Meter)

1. 2016-17 145266

2. 2017-18 126480

3. 2018-19 150060

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

12. MINERAL MAP OF THE DISTRICT

Fig.11 Mineral Map of the District

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

13. LIST OF LETTER OF INTENT (LOI) HOLDER IN THE DISTRICT ALONG WITH ITS VALIDITY

(Table-13)

Use Area of Location of the Name of (Capitive Sl. Address and Cotact No. of Letter of Intent Grant Mining Validity of Mining lease the Name of the Lessee /Non- No. Letter of Indent Holder order No. & date lease to be LoI (Latitude & Mineral capitive) allotted Longitude)

Thiru.Muniyappan, S/o Puttu @ Parasuraman, District Collector, 12o19’40.25” N to Rough Thiru.Muniyappan Makkankottai, Dharmapuri notice Roc. 0.48.0 Non 12o19’43.33” N 1. o Stone Sugarmill Post, No.314/2017 (Mines) Hects Captive 78 5’32.54” E to o Palacode Taluk, dated. 25.10.2018 78 5’35.86” E Dharmapuri District Tmt.Saradha Sekar, W/o M.G.Sekar, District Collector, o 12 14’49.36” N to Rough Tmt.Saradha Sekar No.10-A, First Street, Dharmapuri notice Roc. 0.66.0 12o14’52.65” N 2. Non o Stone Appavu Nagar, No.05/2015 (Mines) Hects 78 10’52.73” E to Captive o Dharmapuri Taluk & dated. 25.10.2018 78 10’56.43” E District Thiru.G.Ilayaraja, S/o Govindan, District Collector, o 12 06’3.57” N to Rough Thiru.G.Ilayaraja D.Thurinjipatti village, Dharmapuri notice Roc. 3.95.5 12o06’14.13” N 3. Non o Stone Thenkaraikottai Post, No.111/ 2018 (Mines) Hects 78 21’27.50” E to Captive o Pappireddipatti Taluk, dated. 25.10.2018 78 21’38.42” E Dharmapuri District Thiru.Rathinavel, S/o Subramani, District Collector, o D.No. 3/99, 12 05’53.80” N to Rough Thiru.Rathinavel Dharmapuri notice Roc. 2.20.0 Non 12o05’59.52” N 4. Mallapuram village, o Stone No.281/2017 (Mines) Hects Captive 78 01’59.31” E to Somanahalli Post, o dated. 09.02.2019 78 02’08.12” E Nallampalli Taluk, Dharmapuri District.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

14. TOTAL MINERAL RESERVE AVAILABLE IN THE DISTRICT

(Table-14)

Sl. Name of the Mineral Reserve Available as No. per the Mining Plan

1. Rough Stone 26896386 Cbm

15. QUALITY/GRADE OF MINERAL AVAILABLE IN THE DISTRICT Charnockite: Charnockite, any member of a series of metamorphic rocks with variable chemical composition, the term is often limited to the characteristic orthopyroxene granite of the series. Charnockite occurs all over the world, most often in deeply eroded Precambrian basement rock complexes. Members of the series contain characteristic minerals that distinguish them from other rocks of comparable bulk chemical composition. Orthopyroxene is typical for all members of the series. The alkali feldspar may be intermediate between microcline and orthoclase, a fine microperthitic texture being common; the plagioclase feldspar is usually antiperthitic. Dark colour and clouding of the feldspars are typical features of these rocks, as is a bluish tint in quartz. Some charnockites contain a brownish-green hornblende, often rather rich in titanium. The garnet characteristic of these rocks is rich in pyrope. The charnockite series originally was assumed to have developed by the fractional crystallization of a silicate magma (molten material). Subsequent studies have shown, however, that many, if not all, of the rocks are metamorphic, formed by recrystallization at high pressures and moderately high temperatures. Chamockitic rocks also occur in the northwestern parts of the state in Dharmapuri and Erode districts forming the hills to the west and northwest of Mettur. These are derived from prograde metamorphism of the peninsular gneisses and associated supracrustal rocks of Dharwar Craton.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

16. USE OF MINERAL

ROUGH STONES Charnockite is extensively quarried for rough stone which is used as blue metals for construction of building, laying roads and for preparation of hollow bricks. In some places, charnockite is used for the preparation of M-sand.

17. DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF THE MINERAL IN THE LAST THREE YEARS

(Table-15)

Sl. No Year Rough Stone (Cubic Meter)

1. 2016-17 145266

2. 2017-18 126480

3. 2018-19 150060

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

18. MINING LEASES MARKED ON THE MAP OF THE DISTRICT

Fig.12 Location of the Rough Stone Quarry Marked in the District Map

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

19. DETAILS OF THE AREA OF WHERE THERE IS A CLUSTER OF THE

MINING LEASES

Area of Use Letter of Location of mining (Capitive Name of Intent Geological the Mining Sl. lease to /Non- the Grant Village Taluk District Reserves lease No. be capitive) Mineral order No. (Mill.Tons) (Latitude & allotted & date Longitude) (Ha)

Not Applicable

20. DETAILS OF ECO-SENSITIVE AREA

Cauvery North Wild Life Sanctuary was established vide G.O. (Ms).No. 30 Environment and Forest Department dated 24.02.2014 and published in the TamilNadu Government Gazette Notification Bulletin No.10 dated 12.03.2014.

It is situated within the North Latitudes of 12.2557 N to 12.6846 N and East Longitudes 77.5812 E to 77.9739 E and is located North Western Part of Krishnagiri District. The total geographical area of the Sanctuary is 504.33 Sq. Km and spreads across twenty four Reserved Forests of Hosur and Dharmapuri Forest Divisions. Out of the Total area, 493.33 Sq.Km is located in Denkanikottai Taluk of Krishnagiri District and 11 Sq. Km is located in Palacode Taluk of Dharmapuri District.

The Sanctuary is rich in floral and faunal diversity. It accounts for 468 species of plants, 36 species of Mammals, 272 Species of Birds and 172 species of Butterflies which includes rare, endemic and endangered species such as Grizzled Giant Squirrel, Four-horned antelope, Leopard, Elephants, Dhole, Sloth bear, etc., The plan showing the Proposed Eco Sensitive Zone for North Wild Life Santuary is given below:

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

Fig: 13 Proposed Eco Sensitive Zone for North Wild Life Santuary Plan

21. IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT DUE TO MINING ACTIVITY

Environmental impacts of mining can occur at local, regional, and global scales through direct and indirect mining practices. Impacts can result in erosion, sinkholes, loss of biodiversity, or the contamination of soil, groundwater, and surface water by the chemicals emitted from mining processes. These processes also have an impact on the atmosphere from the emissions of carbon which have effect on the quality of human health and biodiversity. Some mining methods may have such significant environmental and public health effects that mining companies in some countries are required to follow not so strict environmental and rehabilitation codes to ensure that the mined area returns to its original state.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

The impact produced on the water:  in the quarry perimeter do not repair the technical malfunctions of the equipment, do not fuel and do not locate constructions and fixed instalations of which operation affects the surface waters  they are affected by the deforestation of the vegetation in the normal limits, the effect on these being low  at the granite quarry levels does not result waste domestic waters, and on the location are mounted ecological toilets which are periodically emptied by the specialised companies  the effect on these is insignificant

The impact on the air

 at the granite quarry levels is produced dust, powders, exhaust gases at the derocking, precrushing, loading and transport; the produced quantities could be limitated by the judicious design of the mine holes and of the explosive loading, the sprinkling of the crushing stone heaps, of the working platforms and of the access road in the drought periods

The impact produced on soil and subsoil

 the excavations made for the execution of the industrial limestone resource works  the accidental drains of the fuel and lubricants at the fuel of the equipments or at the execution of the maintenance and repair works  the solide waste (household waste, used pieces)

The impact produced on biological environment

 affected by the exploitation, the negative effect on this being low, the replacement of the vegetation is temporary  it should be considered the high regeneration capacity of the grasses forest or meadow vegetation  after the finnish of the exploitation, the land will regain the status of forest land

Fauna  it is affected in insignificant limits  the most prominent effect is on the soil fauna which is removed together with the soil blanket

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

 Removal of all vegetation (flora) and thereby fauna from the area required for mining and other purposes.

Ecological Impacts of Opencast Mining:

1. Removal of all vegetation (flora) and thereby fauna from the area required for mining and other purposes.

2. Pollution of water in the surrounding water bodies due to leaching from overburden dumps and due to the pollutants from the other activities. This affects the aquatic ecology of these water bodies.

3. Dust in atmosphere, contributed by mining and associated activities, when deposited on the leaves of the plants in the surrounding areas may retard their growth.

4. Noise and vibrations due to blasting and operation of the machines drive away the wild animals and birds from the nearby forests.

5. Water scarcity caused due to the impacts of opencast mining on water regime affects the growth of vegetation and agriculture in and around the complexes.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

22. REMEDIAL MEASURE TO MITIGATE THE IMPACT OF MINING ON THE ENVIRONMENT

Action to Minimize the Impacts:

It is evident that mining and associated activities have considerable impacts on the ecology of the mining and the surrounding areas. These impacts are evident in most of the mining complexes in the country.

In order to minimize the impacts the following actions can be thought out:

 Plan the mining layout so as to have the least requirement of the forest land and take necessary steps for reclamation of the mined out land so that the forest land taken for the mining purposes can be brought back to forest use.  Develop a suitable compensatory forest.  Cut the trees to the minimum possible extent and to preserve the flora it would be appropriate to uproot the trees and plants and then establish them at suitable locations, may be in the areas for compensatory afforestation.  Develop a flora bank to preserve the typical floral species of the area so that these can be replanted and developed as and when needed.  Surface layout of the mining complexes be designed to have the least impacts on the ecology of the area.  The noise and vibration producing activities in the mines and the associated activities be planned to have the minimum possible intensity and impact on the wild life in the surrounding area.

Remedial Measures:

It is noted from the above mentioned impacts of the different activities on the atmosphere that the mining and associated activities not only contribute to the ambient air pollution but also to the ambient noise situation.

Atmospheric pollution due to the mining and associated activities can be minimized by planning the activities in such a manner that the generation of the pollutants is minimum

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District possible. In addition provisions may be made for arresting the dust by making suitable green belts.

Some of the measures are as outlined below:

 Generation of dust in the removal of the vegetation and soils can be minimized by maintaining adequate moisture in the soil. This can also be expected to improve the efficiency of these operations as in dusty atmosphere the efficiency decreases.  Use of dust extractors with the drill machines can be expected to minimize air pollution due to drilling.  By optimizing the blast design the generation of dust due to blasting can be reduced.  Proper maintenance of the haul roads can minimize the generation of air borne dust due to movement of dumpers on them.  Water spraying at the transfer points tends to reduce air pollution.  Enclosing the mineral handling and preparation units tend to reduce the contribution of SPM to the atmosphere.  Proper maintenance of the equipment and machines in the mines and other places in the complexes helps not only in minimizing the contributions to the air pollution but also the noise generation.  In the residential locations playing of the loud speakers specially after 9.00 pm should be avoided to minimize the noise levels.  The locations of the residential locations should be planned such that they are on the up wind side of the mines and plants so that for most of times the atmospheric pollutants are taken away rather than being brought towards these locations.  Green belts of adequate widths, say 25 -50 m, may be planned between the residential areas and the mines not only to attenuate noise but also to arrest dust.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

23. RECLAMATION OF THE MINED OUT AREA

Quarrying of Granite and Rough stone pits simultaneous back filling and development of plantation in the back filled areas will be the best practice of reclaimation and the unfilled quarry pits may be used for ground water recharge and also as fishery ponds. There is no proposal for back filling, reclamation and rehabilitation. Dumps are properly terraced systematically by multi-level dumping. When the quarry reach its ultimate pit limit or at the end of life of quarry, pit will be allowed to collect seepage and rainwater and the water storage will be kept as temporary reservoir for changing the nearly wells and will be used for afforstation purpose. After completion of quarry operation quarried out land will be fenced with barbed wire also an earth bund will be constructed around the quarry to prevent inadvertent entry of public and cattle. Hence backfilling does not arise. The top earth soil from nearby area will be carted and spread over a portion of waste dump raising of plants.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

24. RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

1. Introduction

Mining and allied activities are associated with several potential hazards both to the employees and the public at large. A worker in a mine should be able to work under conditions that are adequately safe and healthy. At the same time the environmental conditions should be such as not to impair his working efficiency. The various safeguards to be taken to ensure the safety of the mine and that of employees are provided in the Mines Act, 1952.

2. Identification of Hazards

There are various factors, which can cause disaster in the mines. These hazards are as follows:

 Drilling;  Blasting;  Overburden handling;  Heavy Machinery; and  Explosives storage.

2.1 Drilling and Blasting

Most of the accidents from blasting occur due to the projectiles, as they may some times go even beyond the danger zone, mainly due to over charging of the shot holes as a result of certain special features of the local ground. Flying rocks are encountered during initial and final blasting operations. Vibrations also lead to displacement of adjoining areas. Dust and noise are also problems commonly encountered during blasting operations.

2.2 Overburden Handling

The overburden dumps may cause landslides. High overburden dumps created at the quarry edge may cause sliding of the overburden dump or may cause failure of the pit slope due to excessive loading, thereby causing loss of life and property. Siltation of surface water may also cause run-off from overburden dumps.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

2.3. Heavy Machinery

Most of the accidents during transport of dumpers, trucks, proclains, ripper dozers and other heavy vehicles are often attributable to mechanical failures and human errors.

3. Disaster Management

3.1. Measures Suggested to Avoid Accidents due to Blasting

 Shots shall not be fired except during the hours of day light or until adequate provision is made for artificial lighting and the holes charged on a particular day shall be fired on the same day;  Shots, if fired after hours of daylight, should be muffled so that the flying fragments from the blasting material do not project beyond a distance of 10 m from the place of blasting;  Adequate shelters or other protective structures shall be provided to the workers at all times;  The shot fired shall give sufficient warning by effective signal over the entire area falling within a radius of 500-m;  Where any permanent building or structure is damaged within the danger zone, the aggregate maximum change in all the holes fired at any particular time shall not exceed 2 kg;  If a single shot exploder is used or if blasting is done with ordinary detonator, the shot-firer shall not fire more than fifty shots in one shift, but if multishot exploder is used, the number can go up to eighty;  During the approach and progress of an electrical storm, adequate precaution shall be taken;  No shot hole shall be drilled in the overburden above the underground galleries.

3.2 Measures to Prevent the Danger of Overburden

 A stone wall should be built around the toe of each active dump at a distance of about 50-m from the toe;

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

To prevent the failure of overburden slopes, especially during the rainy season, the following precautions shall be taken:

 Proper terracing of the dump slopes, with a maximum dump height of 10 meters should be maintained;  In flat areas where the dumping operations have come to an end, the slope angle should be flattened by about 5o lower than the angle of repose, which varies from site to site but not less than 25o;  Planting vegetation as early as possible over the overburden dump slopes;  Provide drainage channels along the overburden dump toe for additional protection, in such a way that a distance of 15-m should be maintained left between the overburden dump and the bench; and  If a mine is abandoned, the bench and overburden dump should be separated from each other by digging a trench of 6 to 10 m width.

3.3 Measures to Prevent Accidents Due to Trucks and Dumpers

 All transportation within the main working area should be carried out under the direct supervision and control of the management;  The vehicles must be maintained in good repairs and checked thoroughly at least once a week by a competent person authorized for this purpose by the management;  Broad signs should be provided at each and every turning point specially for the guidance of the drivers at night;  To avoid dangers while reversing the trackless vehicles, especially at the embankment and tripping points, all areas for reversing of lorries should, as far as possible, be made man free, and there should be a light and sound device to indicate reversing of trucks; and  A statutory provision of the fence, constant education, training etc will go a long way in reducing the incidence of such accidents.

District Survey Report, Dharmapuri District

25. DETAILS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ISSUE IN THE DISTRICT

The details of number of patients treated for silicosis and Tuberculosis for the last five years in the district is given below:

Number of patients Number of patients Sl.No. Year treated for silicosis treated for Tuberculosis 1 2014-15 2 2015-16

3 2016-17 ----Nil------Nil---- 4 2017-18 5 2018-19

26. PLANTATION AND GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT IN RESPECT OF LEASES ALREADY GRANTED IN THE DISTRICT

The project proponents during the quarry operatins, it is necessary to develop Green belt in and around the polluted site with suitable species to reduce the air pollution effectively. Implementation of afforestation program by planting 250 to 500 Neem and pungan trees is paramount importance. In addition to augumenting existing vegetation, it also checks soil erosion, make the eco system more complex and functionally more stable and make the climate more conductive. Safety distance along the lease area has been identified to be utilized for afforestation. Appropriate speces of trees will be planted in a phased manner. Such Fauna or Flora which can be successfully grown over such granite rubbles and the methodology to be followed for afforestation will be identified with the technical assistance of Forest Department, suitable variety of soil will be brought from outside if necessary, for utilizing for stabilizing the dumps as well as for growing vegetation over the dumps.