The Importance of Protecting the Natural Environment Are Emphasized. Methods Of
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Sports Facilities & Urban Redevelopment
Marquette Sports Law Review Volume 10 Article 14 Issue 2 Spring Sports Facilities & Urban Redevelopment David E. Cardwell Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/sportslaw Part of the Entertainment and Sports Law Commons Repository Citation David E. Cardwell, Sports Facilities & Urban Redevelopment, 10 Marq. Sports L. J. 417 (2000) Available at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/sportslaw/vol10/iss2/14 This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Marquette Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ESSAY SPORTS FACILITIES & URBAN REDEVELOPMENT DAVID E. CARDWELL* The 1990s was a decade in which new sports facilities of every type and description were built throughout the United States and Canada. Not since the 1960s when baseball began its major expansion has there been such a boom in new facilities. The decade began with the construc- tion of New Comiskey Park in Chicago in 1991. The following construc- tion boom has continued unabated into the present. What explains this explosion in new design, concepts and construc- tion? It is more than the mere aging of structures (i.e., Wrigley Field is still going strong even though it dates back to 1916). Changes in the economics of the game explain much of the need for new facilities that generate more revenue that can then be retained by the team to pay ever-increasing player salaries. The specifics of the economics of modern professional sports are be- yond the scope of this article. Suffice it to say that the fundamental changes in all major professional sports in the United States resulting from player free agency, increased broadcast revenue, merchandise and other non-game revenue, and the conversion from family to corporate ownership of teams has made the financial bottom line just as important as the team's place in the standings. -
An Analysis of the American Outdoor Sport Facility: Developing an Ideal Type on the Evolution of Professional Baseball and Football Structures
AN ANALYSIS OF THE AMERICAN OUTDOOR SPORT FACILITY: DEVELOPING AN IDEAL TYPE ON THE EVOLUTION OF PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL AND FOOTBALL STRUCTURES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Chad S. Seifried, B.S., M.Ed. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2005 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Donna Pastore, Advisor Professor Melvin Adelman _________________________________ Professor Janet Fink Advisor College of Education Copyright by Chad Seifried 2005 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to analyze the physical layout of the American baseball and football professional sport facility from 1850 to present and design an ideal-type appropriate for its evolution. Specifically, this study attempts to establish a logical expansion and adaptation of Bale’s Four-Stage Ideal-type on the Evolution of the Modern English Soccer Stadium appropriate for the history of professional baseball and football and that predicts future changes in American sport facilities. In essence, it is the author’s intention to provide a more coherent and comprehensive account of the evolving professional baseball and football sport facility and where it appears to be headed. This investigation concludes eight stages exist concerning the evolution of the professional baseball and football sport facility. Stages one through four primarily appeared before the beginning of the 20th century and existed as temporary structures which were small and cheaply built. Stages five and six materialize as the first permanent professional baseball and football facilities. Stage seven surfaces as a multi-purpose facility which attempted to accommodate both professional football and baseball equally. -
Historic Resource Study Appendices
National Park Service <Running Headers> <E> U.S. Department of the Interior Northeast Region History Program “AN INCORPORATION OF THE ADVENTURERS” A History of the Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures, Paterson “Silk City” and its People, and the Great Falls of the Passaic River EDITH B. WALLACE, M.A. HISTORIC RESOURCE STUDY PRESENTED TO THE PATERSON GREAT FALLS NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN HISTORIANS/ NATIONAL PARK SERVICE “AN INCORPORATION OF THE ADVENTURERS” A History of the Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures, Paterson “Silk City” and its People, and the Great Falls of the Passaic River HISTORIC RESOURCE STUDY BY EDITH B. WALLACE, M.A. PRESENTED TO THE PATERSON GREAT FALLS NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN HISTORIANS/NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NORTHEAST REGION HISTORY PROGRAM NATIONAL PARK SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DECEMBER 2019 Cover Illustration: Thomas Whitley, oil painting of the Nail Factory, circa 1835. Passaic County Historical Society. “AN INCORPORATION OF THE ADVENTURERS”: A HISTORY OF THE SOCIETY FOR ESTABLISHING USEFUL MANUFACTURES, PATERSON “sILK CITY” AND ITS PEOPLE, AND THE GREAT FALLS OF THE PASSAIC RIVER HISTORIC RESOURCE STUDY Edith B. Wallace, M.A. Presented to Paterson Great Falls National Historical Park In Partnership with the Organization of American Historians/National Park Service Northeast Region History Program December 2019 Recommended by: May 12, 2020 Shaun Eyring, Chief, Cultural Resources Division, Northeast Region Date Recommended by: May 12, 2020 Darren Boch, Superintendent, Paterson Great Falls National Historical Park Date Cover Illustration: Thomas Whitley, oil painting of the Nail Factory, circa 1835. -
Ballparks As America: the Fan Experience at Major League Baseball Parks in the Twentieth Century
BALLPARKS AS AMERICA: THE FAN EXPERIENCE AT MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL PARKS IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Seth S. Tannenbaum May 2019 Examining Committee Members: Bryant Simon, Advisory Chair, Department of History Petra Goedde, Department of History Rebecca Alpert, Department of Religion Steven A. Riess, External Member, Department of History, Northeastern Illinois University © Copyright 2019 by Seth S. Tannenbaum All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT This dissertation is a history of the change in form and location of ballparks that explains why that change happened, when it did, and what this tells us about broader society, about hopes and fears, and about tastes and prejudices. It uses case studies of five important and trend-setting ballparks to understand what it meant to go to a major league game in the twentieth century. I examine the Polo Grounds and Yankee Stadium in the first half of the twentieth century, what I call the classic ballpark era, Dodger Stadium and the Astrodome from the 1950s through the 1980s, what I call the multi-use ballpark era, and Camden Yards in the retro-chic ballpark era—the 1990s and beyond. I treat baseball as a reflection of larger American culture that sometimes also shaped that culture. I argue that baseball games were a purportedly inclusive space that was actually exclusive and divided, but that the exclusion and division was masked by rhetoric about the game and the relative lack of explicit policies barring anyone.