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A Chipped Stone Characterization of Ghwair I: a Neolithic Village in Southern Jordan

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A Chipped Stone Characterization of Ghwair I: a Neolithic Village in Southern Jordan UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-1999 A chipped stone characterization of Ghwair I: A Neolithic village in southern Jordan John Patrick Gervasoni University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Gervasoni, John Patrick, "A chipped stone characterization of Ghwair I: A Neolithic village in southern Jordan" (1999). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/f7vu-gqnm This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master, UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in fypewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorzed copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e,g,, maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections wMh small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9* black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Infbrmaticn and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMT Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. A CHIPPED STONE CHARACTERIZATION OF GHWAIR I: A NEOLITHIC VILLAGE IN SOUTHERN JORDAN. by John Gervasoni Bachelor of Arts Universitv of Pittsburgh 'l99I A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree Department of Anthropology College of Liberal Arts Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 2000 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number. 1399889 UMI' UMI Microform1399889 Copyright 2000 by Bell & Howell Information and Leamlng Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition Is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Leamlng Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Thesis Approval UNTV The Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas APRIL 13 2000 The Thesis prepared by John Gervasoni Entitled A CHIPPED STONE CHARACTERIZATION OF GHWAIR I : A NEOLITHIC VILLAGE IN SOUTHERN JORDAN. is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTERS Examinatwn Committee Chair Dean of the Graduate College Examination Coi KT Examinemn Committee Member Gradiim College Faculty Representatwe U Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT A Chipped Stone Characterization of Ghwair I: A Neolithic Village in Southern Jordan. by John Gervasoni Dr. Alan Simmons. Examination Committee Chair Professor of Archaeology University of Nevada, Las Vegas Ghwair L a Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) village in the Wadi Feinan in Southern Jordan, has been excavated from 1993 through 2000. The chipped stone recovered from Ghwair I (N=48.388) has undergone a techno-typological analysis to help characterize the site's chronology and possible function. The analysis of recovered PPNB chipped stone indicators has demonstrated that Ghwair I is a PPNB village that shows minimal variation in its chipped stone proportions from different areas of the site. The analysis presented here also concludes that Ghwair I. although rife with microlithic technology typical of an earlier PPNA occupation, does not contain a PPNA or later PPNC component. Ghwair's possible function as a peripheral site supplying a central settlement with resources (the 'core/periphery' model in Wallerstein's World Systems Theory: 1974) is refuted, at least in regards to chipped stone, by its standard distribution of chipped stone and lack of workshop or production areas. ui Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT..................................... iü LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................. vi LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................................................................................viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION.................................. I Purpose of the Study ______________________________ I Chipped Stone Analysis ............................................................................... 2 Hypotheses...................... 3 CHAPTER 2 REASEARCH BACKGROLTsTO..................................................... 6 Paleoenvironment ......................................................................................... 8 PPNA: Pre-Pottery Neolithic A. _________________________________ 9 PPNB: Pre-Pottery Neolithic B .......................................................... 12 Pre-Pottery Neolithic CO.............................................................................. 18 Pottery Neolithic .......................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER 3 GHWAIR I ........................................................................... 20 Research Design_____________________________________________ 22 Chronology _________________________________________________ 29 Summary of the1993 Season _____________________________________29 Summary of theI996 Season _____________________________________30 Summary of the 1997/98 Season ___________________ 34 Summary of the 1998/99 Season ......................................................... 37 Summary of the 1999/2000 Season ______________________________ 39 CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOGY AND TYPOLOGY_____________________ 40 Excavation and Field Recovery of Cultural Remains __________________ 40 Sorting and Recording _________________________________________ 40 Typology ___________________________________________________ 44 IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CHAPTERS OVERALL SITE ANALYSIS____________________________ 68 Defaitage . _ 73 Toois__Z2ZZZJZZZZ_ZZ. .'Z ___ 1 .................................73 Cores _____________________________________________ 83 CHAPTERS INTRA-SITE ANALYSIS_______ 87 Debitage ___________________________________________________ 87 Tools ______________________________________________________100 Cores. _______________________________________ 109 CHAPTER 7 INTER-SITE ANALYSIS ................................................................113 Section I : Large Site Comparison ................................................................114 Section 2: Small Site Comparison ................................................................117 CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSION ................................................................................ 120 Analysis Results ...........................................................................................120 Resolution of Hypotheses .............................................................................123 APPENDICES......................................................................................................... 126 REFERENCES.........................................................................................................127 VITA 138 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF FIGURES Map 3-1 Map of Ghwair I........................... 21 Figure 4-1 Chipped Stone Schematic Flow-Chart ............................................... 41 Figure 4-2 Diagnostic Projectile Points for the PPNB ........................................ 48 Figure 5-1 Overall Chipped Stone Tally ______________________________ 70 Figure 5-2 Adjusted Chipped Stone Classes.... .................................................. 72 Figure 5-3 Tool Class Percentages for Overall Site .................................. 75 Figure
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