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Vegetating with Native Grasses in Northeastern North America

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Vegetating with Native Grasses in Northeastern North America Vegetating with Native Grasses in Northeastern North America USDA-NRCS Ducks Unlimited Canada John Dickerson* Brent Wark* Dave Burgdorf Ron Maher Tony Bush Bill Poole** Chris Miller *Senior Authors **Editor Information in this manual may be reproduced, provided credit is given respecting the source of the information. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, Plant Materials Program disability, political beliefs and marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audio tape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250, or call 1-800-245-6340 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD). Preface This document was originally published many years ago; while the represented data is still relevant and applicable, the original Senior Authors noted on the preceding page have both retired. For questions or comments, please contact: USDA-NRCS Ducks Unlimited Canada Paul Salon, Plant Materials Specialist T. Glen Koblun, CCA, Manager, 3266A State Route 352 Native Plant Solutions Corning, NY 14830 Unit A-1238 Chevrier Blvd., Winnipeg, MB Email Paul Salon Canada R3T 1Y3 Email Glen Koblun The appendices in this publication have been updated to reflect up-to-date available varieties and seeding rates. USDA-NRCS Plant Materials Program would like to thank Ducks Unlimited Canada for the use of this manual and permitting the posting of this publication to the Plant Materials Program website. Acknowledgments The information contained in this document was assembled from cited references and from personal experience in the field establishing native grasses on the landscape. We have also drawn on the experience of colleagues in Ducks Unlimited Canada and in the USDA-NRCS Plant Materials Program. Their willingness to share that experience has improved this document. The format and approach follows the previous manuals jointly published by the NRCS and DUC; Revegetating with Native Grasses (1995) and the Native Grass Seed Production Manual (1997). Information contained in the 1995 revegetation manual was especially useful during the preparation of this publication. Encouragement and support for the initiation of this project was received from Dr. Terry Neraasen, then chief biologist with Ducks Unlimited Canada, from Dr. Rick White, program leader, NRCS Plant Materials Program and from Dr. Billy Teels, director, NRCS Wetland Science Institute. The senior authors also wish to acknowledge the singular efforts of Lynne Miller - who spent countless hours typing the many drafts which preceded the document you now hold - and Bill Poole, who edited the text and combined the input of six authors into a useful publication. Finally, we would like to say "thank you" to the following companies who provided financial support for the printing of this manual: • Ag Renewal Inc. • Blight Native Seeds • Newfield Seeds • Pickseed Canada Inc. • Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration • Truax Inc. • Wind River Seeds Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES ..... ................................ ... ... .. .. ... .... .... ....... .. ... ... .. ..... ... ..... ..... .. ....................................... .............. .iv LIST OF TABLES .. .......................................................................................................................................................iv LIST OF APPENDICES .................................. ........................................ .. .... ...... ............................................. ............ .iv Introducti on .. ......... .. ......................... ... ... ............................................................................................... .......................... 1 Background ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Planting Objectives .........................................................................................................................................................4 Recent history ................................................................................................. .. ...... .. ........... ................................... .4 What is native? ................................................................................... ....... .. ............................................................ 6 Plant/cover types .......................................................... ........... ... ... .. .... .. ... .. .. ........ ........................................... .. ... .... 6 Cool season and warm season plants ....................... .................. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. ..................................................... ... .. .... 7 Sculptured seeding ........................................................................................................................................... ........ 7 Geographic Considerations ..................................................... ... ..... .. ... .. ....................................................................... 10 Geographic considerations for cool season grasses .......................... .. ... ..... .. ... .. ............................................. ....... 12 Geographic considerations for wann season grasses .......................... ........ .. ......................................................... 13 Site Selection Criteria ................................................. ............................. .. ............. .. ............ .. ... ................................... 18 Planting Considerations ........................................................................................................ .. ... ................................... 21 Seed ........................................................................................................................... .................. ........ .. ... ... .................. 24 Preparing a Seed Mix ............................................................................................................................... .. .................. .32 Pure live seed ........................................................................................................................................................ .32 Seed processing .... ... .... .. ............. .. .. .... .. ................................................................................................................ .32 The seed mix .......................... .. .... ... ...................................................................................................................... .32 Seed importation ............................................ ............ .. .. .. ....... .. ... ..... .. ... .. .............................................................. 36 Prcplanting Preparations ..................... .. .. ..................................................................................................................... .38 Planting Year Activities ... .... .. ... ............. .. ... .. .............. ... ....... .. ....................................................................................... 44 Planting date .................................................... ....................................................................................................... 44 Seedbed condition ..................................................... ... ........ .. ... .. ... ... .. .... .. .... ...... ... .. ........... ... .. ............ .. .... ... ........ 44 Preseeding weed control ................................................... .. ............ .. ... ............................................ ...................... 44 Planting equipment ............................................................................................................................................... .45 Seeding rate and equipment .................................................................................................................................. .47 Fertilizing .............................................................................................................................................................. .47 Special considerations ........................................................................................................................................... .49 Stand evaluation ..................................................................................................................................................... 50 Satnpling techniques ............................................................................................................................................ .. 50 Postplanting Weed Control ........................................................................................................................................... 51 Planting year ......................................................................................................................................................... .5 I Post-establishment Management. ................................................................................................................................
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