ANTICORRUPTION PROGRAMMES in LATIN AMERICA and the CARIBBEAN Study on Anti-Corruption Trends and UNDP Projects Updated Version 2012
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Political Corruption in the Caribbean Basin : a Comparative Analysis of Jamaica and Costa Rica Michael W
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 6-28-2000 Political corruption in the Caribbean basin : a comparative analysis of Jamaica and Costa Rica Michael W. Collier Florida International University DOI: 10.25148/etd.FI14060878 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Comparative Politics Commons, Latin American History Commons, Political History Commons, and the Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation Collier, Michael W., "Political corruption in the Caribbean basin : a comparative analysis of Jamaica and Costa Rica" (2000). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2408. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2408 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida POLITICAL CORRUPTION IN THE CARIBBEAN BASIN: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF JAMAICA AND COSTA RICA A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS by Michael Wayne Collier To: Dean Arthur W. Herriott College of Arts and Sciences This dissertation, written by Michael Wayne Collier, and entitled Political Corruption in the Caribbean Basin: A Comparative Analysis of Jamaica and Costa Rica, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. Anthony P. -
The Socio-Historical Construction of Corruption Examplesfrom Police
Global Journal of HUMAN SOCIAL SCIENCE History & Anthropology Volume 12 Issue 10 Version 1.0 Year 2012 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X The Socio-Historical Construction of Corruption Examples from Police, Politics and Crime in Argentina By Daniel Míguez University of the State of Buenos Aires Abstract - This paper proposes that corruption results from particular historical and social conditions. Specifically, it sustains that the stability and credibility of a society’s institutional system, the perception of a shared fate by most members of society, the levels of inequality and the perception of fair opportunities for personal progress are all elements that may deter or promote corruption. In order to show the association between these social conditions and corruption we analyse socially and historically the way that state agents such as the police, members of the judiciary and the political system relate to each other and to normal citizens. Although the examples are taken from the argentine context, they constitute a tool to understand, heuristically, why corruption is prominent in many parts of the underdeveloped world. Keywords : Corruption / police / judiciary / crime / civil society / Argentina / inequality / state. GJHSS-D Classification : FOR Code : 160605 JEL Code : D73 The Socio-Historical Construction of Corruption Examples from Police, Politics and Crime in Argentina Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of : © 2012. Daniel Míguez. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
United States District Court Southern District of Florida
Case 1:07-cv-22693-PCH Document 352 Entered on FLSD Docket 10/20/09 16:20:32 Page 1 of 60 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA CASE NO.: 07-22693-CIV-HUCK MIGUEL ANGEL SANCHEZ OSORIO, et al., Plaintiffs, vs. DOLE FOOD COMPANY, et al., Defendants. _______________________________________/ ORDER DENYING RECOGNITION OF JUDGMENT This is an action to enforce a $97 million Nicaraguan judgment under the Florida Uniform Out-of-country Foreign Money-Judgments Recognition Act (Florida Recognition Act). FLA. STAT. §§ 55.601-55.607 (2009). Plaintiffs are 150 Nicaraguan citizens alleged to have worked on banana plantations in Nicaragua between 1970 and 1982, during which time they were exposed to the chemical compound dibromochloropropane (DBCP). DBCP is an agricultural pesticide that was banned in the United States after it was linked to sterility in factory workers in 1977. Nicaragua banned DBCP in 1993. Defendants are Dole Food Company and The Dow Chemical Company, both Delaware corporations.1 Dow manufactured DBCP from 1957 until 1977, and Dole used DBCP on its banana farms in Nicaragua until the farms were expropriated by the Sandinista regime that came to power in 1979. The judgment in this case was rendered by a trial court in Chinandega, Nicaragua. The trial court awarded Plaintiffs approximately $97 million under “Special Law 364,” enacted by the Nicaraguan legislature in 2000 specifically to handle DBCP claims. The average award was approximately $647,000 per plaintiff. According to the Nicaraguan trial court, these sums were awarded to compensate Plaintiffs for DBCP-induced infertility and its accompanying adverse psychological effects. -
Key 2017 Developments in Latin American Anti-Corruption Enforcement
March 15, 2018 KEY 2017 DEVELOPMENTS IN LATIN AMERICAN ANTI-CORRUPTION ENFORCEMENT To Our Clients and Friends: In 2017, several Latin American countries stepped up enforcement and legislative efforts to address corruption in the region. Enforcement activity regarding alleged bribery schemes involving construction conglomerate Odebrecht rippled across Latin America's business and political environments during the year, with allegations stemming from Brazil's ongoing Operation Car Wash investigation leading to prosecutions in neighboring countries. Simultaneously, governments in Latin America have made efforts to strengthen legislative regimes to combat corruption, including expanding liability provisions targeting foreign companies and private individuals. This update focuses on five Latin American countries (Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Peru) that have ramped up anti-corruption enforcement or passed legislation expanding anti-corruption legal regimes.[1] New laws in the region, coupled with potentially renewed prosecutorial vigor to enforce them, make it imperative for companies operating in Latin America to have robust compliance programs, as well as vigilance regarding enforcement trends impacting their industries. 1. Mexico Notable Enforcement Actions and Investigations In 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos ("Pemex") disclosed that Mexico's Ministry of the Public Function (SFP) initiated eight administrative sanctions proceedings in connection with contract irregularities involving Odebrecht affiliates.[2] The inquiries stem from a 2016 Odebrecht deferred prosecution agreement ("DPA") with the U.S. Department of Justice ("DOJ").[3] According to the DPA, Odebrecht made corrupt payments totaling $10.5 million USD to Mexican government officials between 2010 and 2014 to secure public contracts.[4] In September 2017, Mexico's SFP released a statement noting the agency had identified $119 million pesos (approx. -
The Political Economy of Corruption
The Political Economy of Corruption ‘Grand’ corruption, generally used to define corruption amongst the top polit- ical elite, has drawn increasing attention from academics and policy-makers during recent years. Current understanding of the causes and mechanisms of this type of corruption, however, falls short of a full awareness of its importance and consequences. In this volume, leading academics and practitioners analyse the economic and political conditions that allow ‘grand’ corruption to survive. Contributions include: • Case studies of countries that have witnessed flagrant misuse of political powers. • Theoretical papers which present models of corruption and project their possible effects. • Empirical studies which raise research questions and test the theoretical models using insightful methodologies. The studies in this work not only indicate the importance of the economic implications of ‘grand’ corruption, but also provide a framework for under- standing its processes. Academics and policy-makers working in the fields of economics, political science and sociology will find this an illuminating and valuable work. Arvind K. Jain is Associate Professor at Concordia University, Montreal. His current research focuses on corruption and on international financial crises. His past research papers have dealt with corruption, agency theory and the debt crisis, capital flight, international lending decisions of banks, oligopolistic behaviour in banking, foreign debt and foreign trade in devel- oping countries, impact of culture on saving behaviour and commodity futures markets. He has previously written two books and edited a volume entitled Economics of Corruption. Routledge Contemporary Economic Policy Issues Series editor: Kanhaya Gupta This series is dedicated to new works that focus directly on contemporary economic policy issues. -
Introduction: the Great Unraveling: Argentina 1973-1991
Introduction: The Great Unraveling: Argentina 1973-1991 In spite of its enormous advance which the Republic has made within the last ten years, the most cautious critic would not hesitate to aver that Argentina has but just entered upon the threshold of her greatness. Percy F. Martin, Through Five Republics of South America, 19051 The truth is that Argentina is bankrupt – economically, politically and socially. Its institutions are dysfunctional, its government disreputable, its social cohesion unstuck. Ricardo Caballero and Rudiger Dornbusch, Financial Times, March 8 20022 By the end of the nineteenth century, Argentina’s economic future looked indeed bright. On the eve of World War I, the Argentine capital Buenos Aires proudly displayed its affluence and modernity in its big administrative buildings, extensive parks and an underground railway. European fashion and consumer goods were in high demand and Buenos Aires even attracted a sizeable intellectual and scientific community.3 By all measures of the time, Argentina could be regarded a modern country. Yet, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, Argentina is seen as the “sick man of Latin America”.4 The economic and political crisis, which Argentina experienced in 2001 and 2002, was arguably the worst since the country’s independence. Over the course of two years, output fell by more than 15 percent, the Argentine peso lost three-quarters of its value, and registered unemployment exceeded 25 percent while more than half of the population of the erstwhile rich country lived below the poverty line.5 1 Percy F. Martin, Through five republics (of South America) : a critical description of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay and Venezuela in 1905 (New York, 1906). -
BILLS-115Hr1918eas.Pdf
In the Senate of the United States, November 27, 2018. Resolved, That the bill from the House of Representa- tives (H.R. 1918) entitled ‘‘An Act to oppose loans at inter- national financial institutions for the Government of Nica- ragua unless the Government of Nicaragua is taking effective steps to hold free, fair, and transparent elections, and for other purposes.’’, do pass with the following AMENDMENT: Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the following: 1 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 2 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 3 ‘‘Nicaragua Human Rights and Anticorruption Act of 4 2018’’. 5 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 6 this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Sense of Congress on advancing a negotiated solution to Nicaragua’s cri- sis. Sec. 3. Statement of policy. Sec. 4. Restrictions on international financial institutions relating to Nicaragua. Sec. 5. Imposition of targeted sanctions with respect to Nicaragua. 2 Sec. 6. Annual certification and waiver. Sec. 7. Report on human rights violations and corruption in Nicaragua. Sec. 8. Civil society engagement strategy. Sec. 9. Reform of Western Hemisphere Drug Policy Commission. Sec. 10. Termination. Sec. 11. Definitions. 1 SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ADVANCING A NEGO- 2 TIATED SOLUTION TO NICARAGUA’S CRISIS. 3 It is the sense of Congress that— 4 (1) credible negotiations between the Government 5 of Nicaragua and representatives of Nicaragua’s civil 6 society, student movement, private sector, and polit- -
Fútbol, Politics, and Corruption Andrés Penovi Orjales Thesis Submitted To
Fútbol, Politics, and Corruption Andrés Penovi Orjales Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Political Science Mauro J. Caraccioli, Chair Desiree Poets Patrick Ridge May 15th, 2020 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Football, Politics, Corruption, Migration Copyright 2020, Andrés P. Orjales Fútbol, Politics, and Corruption Andrés Penovi Orjales Academic Abstract This thesis explores how football (soccer) is used as a tool to promote corruption within political and economic institutions in Latin America and Europe. By drawing on international political and economic policies and analyzing work that theorizes how neoliberalism is not only an outside force that highly influences the state, but also shapes power relationships in society that are procreated by every day economic actions of the working class, this research aims to provide a more theoretically informed perspective on global politics. This thesis also examines how entrepreneurial endeavors can lead to relations of exploitation, extraction and economic dispossession in broader political society. More specifically, it analyses neoliberalism in Argentina and Germany through the perspective of state power, informal economies, and international migration. Lastly, this research portrays the mindset of Argentine and German politicians over the last century by analyzing the actions of the elites within the football clubs and organizations under the guise of entrepreneurship. Fútbol, Politics, and Corruption Andrés Penovi Orjales General Audience Abstract This thesis aims to understand the corrupt ways in which football (soccer) is used within Latin America and Europe to illicitly gain political and economic power. -
Nicaragua's Survival: Choices in a Neoliberal World Stanley G
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Graduate Program in International Studies Dissertations Spring 2006 Nicaragua's Survival: Choices in a Neoliberal World Stanley G. Hash Jr. Old Dominion University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/gpis_etds Part of the Economic Theory Commons, International Relations Commons, Latin American History Commons, and the Latin American Studies Commons Recommended Citation Hash, Stanley G.. "Nicaragua's Survival: Choices in a Neoliberal World" (2006). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), dissertation, International Studies, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/m977-a571 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/gpis_etds/39 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Program in International Studies at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NICARAGUA’S SURVIVAL CHOICES IN A NEOLIBERAL WORLD by Stanley G Hash, Jr B.A. August 1976, University of Maryland M A P. A June 1979, University o f Oklahoma A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY May 2006 Approved by: Franck_Adams (Director) Lucien Lombardo (Member) Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT NICARAGUA’S SURVIVAL: CHOICES IN A NEOLIBERAL WORLD Stanley G Hash, Jr Old Dominion University, 2006 Director: Dr Francis Adams In January 1990 the Nicaraguan electorate chose to abandon the failing Sandinista Revolution in favor of the economic neoliberal rubric. -
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EALR, V. 7, nº 1, p. 36-52, Jan-Jun, 2016 Economic Analysis of Law Review The Anti-Corruption Policies and Regulation: The Case of Nicaragua Anti-Corrupção Política e Regulação: O Caso da Nicarágua Yulia Krylova1 George Mason University RESUMO ABSTRACT O presente trabalho explora os fatores institucionais, This paper explores institutional, political, and socio- políticos e sócio-econômicos que têm impedido a economic factors that have prevented the effective implementação efectiva das políticas anti-corrupção implementation of the anti-corruption policies in Nica- em Nicaragua nas últimas duas décadas. Este artigo ragua over the last two decades. This paper argues that argumenta que a confluência de vários fatores criaram the confluence of numerous factors created favorable condições favoráveis para a propagação da corrupção conditions to the spread of corruption in Nicaragua, na Nicarágua, incluindo fraca execução, a falta de including weak enforcement, the lack of judicial au- judicial autonomia e independência legislativa, a im- tonomy and legislative independence, impunity of punidade de altos funcionários, a sociedade civil fraca, high-ranking officials, weak civil society, and the lack e a falta de vontade política para combater a corrup- of political will to combat corruption. The paper ob- ção. O papel objetivo é desenvolver recomendações jective is to develop practical recommendations on práticas sobre como mitigar o problema da corrupção, how to mitigate the problem of corruption, with par- com especial atenção para o papel dos principais inte- ticular attention to the role of major stakeholders in ressados neste processo - ou seja, as autoridades pú- this process – namely, public authorities, self- blicas, a auto-regulação, os meios de comunicação regulatory organizations, the media, civil society, and civil, a sociedade e as organizações governamentais nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). -
Nicaraguans Talk About Corruption: a Study of Public Opinion
NICARAGUANS TALK ABOUT CORRUPTION: A STUDY OF PUBLIC OPINION by Mitchell A. Seligson¹ March 1997 ¹Dr. Seligson is a Professor of Political Science at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania This document was prepared by Casals & Associates, Inc., Arlington, Virginia, under Contract No. 524-0330-C-00-5066-00 of the United States Agency for International Development, Managua, Nicaragua. The opinions expressed in this document are those of the author and do not reflect the position or opinion of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................... vii NICARAGUANS TALK ABOUT CORRUPTION: A STUDY OF PUBLIC OPINION .............................................. 1 Methodology and Sample Design .......................................... 2 Corruption: How Serious a Problem? ....................................... 4 Definition of Corruption ................................................. 8 Corruption in Government ......................................... 8 Corruption by Individual Citizens ................................... 10 Experience with Corruption ............................................. 12 IMPACT OF EXPERIENCE WITH CORRUPTION ON POLITICAL OFFICIALS .............................................. 22 SUPPORT FOR ANTI-CORRUPTION MEASURES ............................... 25 PUBLIC AWARENESS OF THE PROGRAM TO IMPROVE GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT .................................. 27 CORRUPTION AND THE STABILITY OF DEMOCRACY: -
The Capacity to Combat Corruption Index
CCC The Capacity to Combat Corruption Index Roberto Simon Geert Aalbers Senior Director of Policy at AS/COA Senior Partner at Control Risks The Capacity to Combat Corruption Index CCC The Capacity to Combat Corruption (CCC) Index Assessing Latin American countries’ ability to uncover, punish and deter graft BY ROBERTO SIMON, Senior Director of Policy at AS/COA AND GEERT AALBERS, Senior Partner at Control Risks lmost five years into Latin America’s anti-corruption push, the region’s politics, business environment and civil society have been Adeeply transformed. The issue of corruption shaped elections last year in the two largest Latin American economies — Mexico and Brazil — and it still dominates the political conversation almost everywhere in the region. From the collapse of infrastructure projects across the region to the rapid growth of a new compliance industry, governments and the private sector are being forced to adapt to a different reality. Meanwhile, the media, academia and NGOs have been instrumental in pushing the movement forward, while cautioning against dangerous unintended consequences — particularly the rise of populism and judicial overreach. Corruption has been a critical hurdle for Latin American countries for a long time, denting growth, weakening democracy and governance, and undermining the human rights of millions of citizens. But it’s only recently that major anti-corruption investigations have begun removing the veil of impunity for political and business elites. This systemic change began around 2014 and 2015, when investigations like Brazil’s Lava Jato and Guatemala’s La Línea began in earnest. Fast forward to 2019, and Latin America currently has ten former presidents charged or convicted for acts of corruption.