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Joint Strategic Needs Assessment 2012 Summary Southend On Joint Strategic Needs Assessment 2012 Summary Southend on Sea The Area Southend is 16.1 square miles in size and is the largest conurbation in the East of England. Located on the north side of the Thames estuary approximately 40 miles east of central London, it is bordered to the north by Rochford and to the west by Castle Point. The borough has 7 miles of award-winning beaches and coastal nature reserves; has over 80 parks and green spaces and 14 conservation areas and is home to the longest leisure pier in the world. Southend is served by an international destination airport, two railway lines linking to London, with 10 railway stations and many local bus routes. Figure 1 Map of Southend Showing Population Density by Electoral Ward 2. Population Estimates There are currently two main sources of population estimates widely used across Southend. First is the mid-year population estimate from the Office for National Statistics which are based on the 2001 Census figures. The second is the GP registered population. In Southend there is a marked difference between the ONS 2010 population estimate of 165,300 and the GP registered population estimate of 182,930 (as at April 2011). This disparity is important to recognise as it will have implications in relation to allocated resources versus actual numbers of service users. Table 1 GP Registered population compared to ONS population Total Percentage Percentage Percentage Population aged 0-14 aged 15-64 65 and over Southend on sea GP Registered 182,930 17% 65% 17% population Southend on sea ONS 2010 mid-year 165,300 18% 64% 18% population 3. Population Structure The age and sex distribution within our population has an impact on the level of need for service provision. People will access different services at different stages of their life and it is important to analyse current and future population trends to plan for service need. Figure 2 Age/Sex profile for Southend based on ONS 2010 Mid-Year Estimates compared to Projections for 2020 By 2020, the population in Southend is expected to rise by a further 7.3% to 177,300 and by 2030 will have risen 15.3% to 190,600. Southend has an ageing population that will have an impact on the levels and type of service provision in future years. Over the last ten years ethnic diversity in Southend has been increasing at a faster rate than regional levels. The 2001 census suggested a less ethnically diverse population than we have today. Table 2 Estimated distribution of resident population by ethnic group*, mid- 2009 (percentage of total population) % Chinese % Asian % Black or other or Asian or black ethnic % White % Mixed British British group ENGLAND AND WALES 87.9 1.8 5.9 2.8 1.6 EAST OF ENGLAND 90.0 1.7 4.4 2.1 1.7 Southend-on-Sea UA 90.0 1.8 3.7 2.4 2.2 Source: ONS * truncated classification 7. Disadvantage One of the common measures of disadvantage is the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). IMD 2010 is a measure of deprivation and is comprised of seven domains denoting social or material deprivation which are combined into one index. The domains are income; employment; health and disability; education; housing; living environment and crime. The higher the IMD score the more deprived an area is said to be. Strong evidence indicates that deprivation and social exclusion can impact on a number of aspects of life including employment, crime, education and skills, health, housing and the environment. Figure 3 shows that there are significant differences in the relative deprivation across Southend. Figure 3 Southend IMD 2010 LSOA rank by national group Children in Poverty When we refer to „poverty‟ we are considering relative poverty i.e. as compared to the standard of living of a society at a specific point in time, rather than absolute poverty, which is where only the minimum resources for physical survival are available. Figure 4 Proportion of Children Living in Poverty in Southend on Sea Source: HMRC It is difficult to measure poverty however, the main indicator taken to represent the percentage of children living in poverty is provided by HM Revenue and Customs. It quantifies the number of children living in families in receipt of Child Tax Credit whose reported income is less than 60 per cent of the median income or in receipt of Income Support or (Income-Based) Job seekers allowance, divided by the total number of children in the area (determined by Child Benefit data). There is considerable variation across the Borough, with fewer than 5% in West Shoebury contrasting to almost 40% in Kursaal ward. 8. Life Expectancy In Southend there are significant inequalities in life expectancy between residents in the most deprived wards and those in the least deprived wards. Currently those residents living in the most deprived areas can expect to live on average 8 years less than those in the least deprived areas. Improving overall life expectancy is a key component to tackling health inequalities. The indicator in the local health profile measures life expectancy at birth. This means a male born in Southend-on-Sea now has an average life expectancy of 77.5 years. This is statistically worse than England where the average life expectancy is 78.3 years for men. Women fare much better in Southend-on-Sea with an average life expectancy of 83.3 years which is the same as the average for England. This is not to accept that a life expectancy of 83.3 years is satisfactory for women in Southend-on-Sea. There is of course wide variance within Southend-on-Sea in terms of life expectancy within the borough. For example, males born in Eastwood Park ward have the highest average life expectancy in Southend-on-Sea at 81.4 years (range 82.6 to 78.3 years). Males born in Kursaal ward have the lowest average life expectancy at birth at 72.4 years (range 74.8 to 70.1 years). There is difference of 8.6 years within the borough. For females, women born in Milton ward have the lowest life expectancy at 78 years (range 80.2 to 75.8 years). Women born in Thorpe ward have the highest life expectancy at 87.3 (range 89.4 to 85.2 years) a difference of 9 years. Figures 5 and 6 provide an overview of life expectancy for males and females by ward. Figure 5 Southend-on-Sea Life Expectancy at Birth males by electoral Ward 2007-2009 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 e 50f .0 Li 40 .0 of 30s .0 ar 20e .0 Y 10.0 l 0.0 l l l s d a s n e h h e h h i ry a rs rk e c o r c o g p g t we u ig a t a r r ke es l ai o o s u w i s b e t f u o rk P u n en r e w c e L Lei r alk l h a ro i t y L M el u t r ch u t t s T We P V m i B K s h a a bo Ch l t t bu e L St. Sho Pr E s hei e ou W e n S St. ho le W S B Ward Source: Eastern Region Public Health Observatory 2011 Figure 6 Southend-on-Sea life expectancy at birth females by electoral Ward 2007-2009 100.0 90.0 80.0 70.0 6 0.0 cy 5n 0.0 40.0 30.0 2xpecta 0.0 e 1 0.0 Life l 0.0 l l l a e s s h n h e e h h i a rs ry rk rk e r c c g o p g a ig t u a a r r ke es ai l o kw w i s t f e b u o P P u n en r ou e c Lei L r al l h r i y M el L u t r d ch t u t T . V m i B K t s o h a hoe bo Ch l t t bu e o L S S Pr s hei e w t ou W e t n s s S St. ho le e W a S B E W Ward Source: Eastern region Public Health Observatory 2011 Poorer people are more likely to suffer worse health than those who are more affluent. The difference in life expectancy is generally accepted as being a product of deprivation. There is large body of well-established evidence to support this theory. The latest being a review of health inequalities Fair Society, Healthy Lives published by Professor Michael Marmot in February 2010. The Marmot Review highlighted the need to address health inequalities, in an innovative and coordinated way, to reduce the life expectancy gap between rich and poor. He suggests that there should be proportionate interventions and support for people across the socio-economic spectrum, rather than a direct focus of all resources into deprived areas. This approach will support health improvement across the entire population, as well as enabling specific targeted interventions to be undertaken for people with the greatest health needs. The actions required tackle the major killer diseases such as heart disease, cancer and stroke are wide ranging. The Southend-on-Sea health inequalities strategy sets out a range of initiatives focussed on improving the determinants of health and preventing people dying prematurely.
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