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The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI COVER DESCRIPTION: The front cover illus­ tration of the 1861 Civil War battle at Lexington, Missouri, is taken from a 15"x20" oil painting executed by F. Do- minico. An eyewitness to the battle, Dominico was a Hungarian exile teaching in Lexington at the time. His painting shows Union forces defending the Ma­ sonic College and its dormitory, while Confederate batteries are shown in the foreground. The painting was presented to the State Historical Society in 1912 by Mrs. Susan Austin Arnold McCausland, who also witnessed the battle. An edited and annotated 1862 diary by Willard Hall Mendenhall appears in this issue. Mendenhall, a pro-Southerner, who lived on a farm a mile or two south of Lexington, provided an important and interesting commentary on events that took place in Lexington and Lafayette County during the second year of the Civil War. He also had witnessed the Battle of Lexington in 1861. MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW

Published Quarterly

THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA, MISSOURI

RICHARD S. BROWNLEE EDITOR

MARY K. DAINS ASSOCIATE EDITOR

JAMES W. GOODRICH ASSOCIATE EDITOR

Copyright © 1984 by the State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201

The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW (ISSN 0026-6582) is owned by the State Historical Society of Missouri and is published quarterly at 201 South Eighth, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Send communications, business and editorial correspondence and change of address to the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO. 65201. Second class postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. VOLUME LXXVIII Current REVIEWS are sent to all members of The State Historical Society of Missouri during their term of member­ NUMBER 4 ship. The Society assumes no responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. JULY, 1984 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R. S. of Mo., 1969, chapter 183, as revised 1978.

OFFICERS 1983-1986 FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood, President MRS. AVIS TUCKER, Warrensburg, First Vice President REVEREND JOHN F. BANNON, St. Louis, Second Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, St. Joseph, Third Vice President MRS. VIRGINIA YOUNG, Columbia, Fourth Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, Columbia, Fifth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Kansas City, Sixth.Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer RICHARD S. BROWNLEE, Columbia, Director, Secretary and Librarian

TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville

Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1984 ROBERT S. DALE, Carthage W. WALLACE SMITH, Independence GEORGE MCCUE, St. Louis RONALD L. SOMERVILLE, Chillicothe ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia JOSEPH WEBER, St. Louis ROBERT M. WHITE, Mexico Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1985 JAMES W. BROWN, Harrisonville J. J. GRAF, Hermann f RICHARD J. CHAMIER, Moberly JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield ILUS W. DAVIS, Kansas City MRS. MARY BANKS PARRY, Columbia ALFRED O. FUERBRINGER, St. Louis ARVARH E. STRICKLAND, Columbia Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1986 MRS. SAMUEL A. BURK, Kirksville W. ROGERS HEWITT, Shelbyville R. I. COLBORN, Paris DOYLE PATTERSON, Kansas City VICTOR A. GIERKE, Louisiana STUART SYMINGTON, JR., St. Louis MRS. JEAN TYREE HAMILTON, Marshall ROBERT WOLPERS, Poplar Bluff

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The twenty-nine Trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, President of the University of Missouri and Chancellor of the University of Missouri-Columbia constitute the Executive Committee.

FINANCE COMMITTEE Five members of the Executive Committee appointed by the President, who by virtue of his office constitutes the sixth member, compose the Finance Committee. WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington, Chairman LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood *GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville * Honorary t Deceased SOCIETY TO PRESENT AWARDS

At the Annual Meeting in October the Society will confer three awards. An engraved citation and a medallion will be awarded to a member who has given distinguished service to the Society and to the State of Missouri in the promotion and dissemination of knowledge concerning the history of our region. A second engraved citation and a one-hundred-dollar- cash award will be given for the REVIEW article dur­ ing the calendar year which has contributed most in depth in a scholarly and popular sense to the history of our State. The three-hundred-dollar Floyd C. Shoe­ maker History Award will be presented to a junior class student in a Missouri college or university who has written the best historical article that relates to Missouri events or personalities. The distinguished member will be selected by a three-member committee appointed by the Society president. One member of the selection committee will serve for two years and two members for one year. No active officers or trustees of the Society, with the exception of past presidents, may be nomi­ nated for the Distinguished Service Award. Nomina­ tions should be made in writing to Richard S. Brown­ lee, director of the Society, any time during the calendar year. The prize-winning article will be se­ lected by three historians appointed by the editor of the REVIEW. The selection committee will be changed each year with the exception of one member who will be replaced after two years. Articles submitted for the Floyd C. Shoemaker History Award will be judged by the Department of History of the Uni­ versity of Missouri-Columbia.

iii EDITORIAL POLICY The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW is always inter­ ested in articles and documents relating to the history of Missouri. Articles pertaining to surrounding states and other sections are considered for publication when they involve events or personalities having a significant bearing on the history of Missouri or the West. Any aspect of Mis­ souri history is considered suitable for publication in the REVIEW. Genealogical studies are not accepted because of limited general reader interest. In submitting articles for the REVIEW, the authors should examine back issues for the proper form in foot­ noting. Originality of subject, general interest of the article, sources used in research, interpretation and the style in which it is written, are criteria for acceptance for publica­ tion. The original and a carbon copy of the article should be submitted. It is suggested that the author retain a car­ bon of the article. The copy should be double-spaced and footnotes typed consecutively on separate pages at the end of the article. The maximum length for an article is 7,500 words. All articles accepted for publication in the REVIEW become the property of the State Historical Society and may not be published elsewhere without permission. Only in special circumstances will an article previously pub­ lished in another magazine or journal, be accepted for the REVIEW. Because of the backlog of accepted articles, publica­ tion may be delayed for a period of time. Articles submitted for the REVIEW should be ad­ dressed to:

Dr. Richard S. Brownlee, Editor MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, Missouri 65201 CONTENTS

YANKEE MERCHANTS IN A BORDER CITY: A LOOK AT ST. LOUIS BUSINESSMEN IN THE 1850s. By James Neal Primm 375

BROTHER HAL: THE PREACHING CAREER OF HAROLD BELL WRIGHT. By Charles T. Jones 387

AND IT WAS RED: MISSOURI'S NEW SUPREME COURT BUILDING, 1907. By Bonnie Wright, Robert Durant Smith and Haden D. Smith 414

"LIFE Is UNCERTAIN . . .": WILLARD HALL MENDENHALL'S 1862 CIVIL WAR DIARY, PART I. Edited by Margaret Mendenhall Frazier and James W. Goodrich 428

HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS

News in Brief 453

Local Historical Societies 457

Gifts 474

Missouri History in Newspapers 479

Missouri History in Magazines 486

In Memoriam 494

BOOK REVIEW 496

BOOK NOTES 498

INDEX TO VOLUME LXXVIII 501

SCHUYLER COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY MUSEUM Inside Back Cover

v

St. Louis As It Appeared in 1854

Yankee Merchants in a Border City: A Look At St. Louis Businessmen in the 1850s

BY JAMES NEAL PRIMM*

Despite evidence to the contrary, an opinion persists that antebellum southerners lacked the wit and desire to conduct busi­ ness at a profit. Southern indolence and lack of vision still gets some of the credit as far north as Missouri for inadequate support of education and public services. But Louis B. Wright, in his 1957 study of colonial culture, portrayed southern seaboard planters as hardworking, foresighted, and prudent managers and planners with a keen eye for profits. Aubrey C. Land, writing in 1967 about the Chesapeake tobacco merchants, urged us to ignore their agrarian rhetoric and observe their behavior. They accumulated wealth, he argued "in ways quite like their mercantile counterparts to the north and by the exercise of the same talents."

•James Neal Primm is professor of History at the University of Missouri- St. Louis. He has the B.S. degree from Northeast Missouri State Teachers College, Kirksville, and the M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Missouri, Columbia. Dr. Primm delivered this paper at the State Historical Society of Missouri annual meeting in Columbia, October 8, 1983. He also is the author of Lion of the Valley, St. Louis, Missouri (1981). 375 376 Missouri Historical Review

St. Louis at mid-nineteenth century has been portrayed as a self-satisfied community of Creoles and southerners who believed that the largess bestowed by the great river system was eternal. Their prosperity guaranteed by locational imperatives, so the story goes, they dawdled while a keen-eyed and ruthless regiment of Yankee businessmen at the southern tip of Lake Michigan schemed to strangle the river metropolis with a web of iron and steel rails. Unfortunately for this thesis, St. Louis's Creoles and southerners, like the Chesapeake merchants, were hard-driving competitors not vastly different in motive and style than northerners; Yankees were numerous and powerful in the St. Louis business elite; and south­ erners and Yankee alike worked hard for railroads. St. Louisans of Creole and border slave-state origins exploited the mineral resources of the Ozarks and pushed the city's trade territory to the Falls of St. Anthony, the upper Illinois valley and deep into the South and Southwest. Pierre Chouteau, Jr., in addition to his vast fur-and-hide operation, conducted a large vertically integrated iron business at Iron Mountain and in St. Louis, supply­ ing nails and other finished and partially finished iron products to the West and South. Chouteau was also a board member and major stockholder of the Illinois Central Railroad. James Lucas, also of

Artist Frank Nuderscher depicted ground-breaking ceremonies to begin construction of the Pacific Railroad at St. Louis, 1851. Mo, Pacific Lines, St. Louis St. Louis Businessmen, 1850s 377

Creole descent—the city's wealthiest man, invested the huge income from his inherited real estate in banking, railroads, and street rail­ ways. In San Francisco, his branch bank headed by William Tecum- seh Sherman was bigger than Wells-Fargo in the early 1850s. Wayman Crow and Derrick January, native Kentuckians and slaveholders, headed large wholesale houses doing an annual busi­ ness of nearly $1 million in the late 1850s. James Yeatman, a Ten- nesseean, conducted a wholesale business, invested in and helped promote the Pacific Railroad, founded the Mercantile Library, and headed the Western Sanitary Commission during the Civil War. Virginians George R. Taylor and Henry Taylor Blow, the first a builder, politician, and Pacific Railroad president and the latter, the active partner and president of the giant Collier White Lead Company and the Granby Mining and Smelting Company, were millionaires hot after the dollar. Their elaborate life-styles, like the agrarian mode of the Chesapeake merchant, confused super­ ficial observers. One reporter, new to St. Louis, thought Blow's racehorses a sign of decadence, but as the lead and paint enter­ prise grew mightily, he had to revise his opinion. Still other southerners were prominent in the business elite, but I am chiefly concerned here with the Yankee merchants, who traded in St. Louis before Missouri became a state. By the 1830s the northeasterners were into almost every line of business, even steamboating, but they were especially active in manufacturing, banking and railroading. The financier Jay Cooke expressed sur­ prise at their numbers in St. Louis in 1838 and the Englishman George Featherstonehaugh "experienced a sensible chill" to find the old Creole town swarming with "Reuben Doolittles" and "Jere­ miah Cushings." The "everlasting Jonathan," he lamented had struck his roots everywhere. Among the most remarkable and powerful of these Yankees were Thomas Allen and Henry Bacon of Massachusetts, Hudson Bridge and Carlos Greeley of New Hampshire, Oliver D. and Giles Filley of Connecticut, Daniel Page of Maine, Sullivan Blood of Vermont, and Henry and Edgar Ames, Daniel R. Garrison, and Erastus Wells of New York. Thomas Allen, a Democratic editor in Washington whose fortunes declined after he denounced President Van Burens sub- treasury scheme, opened a law office in St. Louis in 1842 and promptly married Ann C. Russell, a daughter of one of the West's wealthiest land barons. His cash flow problems thus solved, Allen 378 Missouri Historical Review

Thomas Allen

quickly came to the fore in St. Louis by turning his wife's inheri­ tance to productive uses. By 1848 he was the leading local spokes­ man for the East-West connection, tying St. Louis's future to railroads. He organized the National Railroad Convention at St. Louis in 1849 and wrote the report of that convention advocating a railroad to the Pacific constructed with federal assistance. To further the railroad cause locally, he ran for and was elected to the state senate, where he drafted and pushed through in 1850 a state transportation system consisting of seven railroads, to be built with state and, with luck, federal assistance. Three of these— the Pacific, the North Missouri, and the Iron Mountain—would originate in St. Louis, and the fourth major line, the Hannibal and St. Joseph, was expected to serve St. Louis business via the river from Hannibal and through its connection with the North Missouri at Macon City. By the end of the decade, the state had committed $26 million to railroad construction. As the Pacific's first president, Allen was instrumental in ob­ taining its federal land grant, and he scoured the state for stock subscriptions. St. Louis city and St. Louis County contributed several million dollars and other counties and towns along the rights-of-way smaller but significant amounts. After the Civil War, while still a Pacific board member, Allen bought the con­ trolling interest in the Iron Mountain Railroad and extended its St. Louis Businessmen, 1850s 379 tracks through southern Missouri, Arkansas and Texas to Laredo on the Rio Grande. Now the St. Louis, Iron Mountain, and Texas, this line tied the southwestern economy to St. Louis. Cotton for the city's giant compresses and lumber for its mills and yards rolled in and St. Louis wholesalers provisioned the Texans, at times with the advantage of preferential shipping rates. New Hampshire's Hudson E. Bridge, who landed in St. Louis in 1837 to market the Jewett steel plow, stepped forward quickly as a grand planner. Arguing that sole reliance on the river would doom St. Louis to a satellite role (to New Orleans and Cincinnati), he proposed to build an enormous canal capable of accommodat­ ing ocean-going vessels from Philadelphia to St. Louis, connecting the West not only to the East Coast, but to London and Liverpool. Philadelphia would gladly finance the project, Bridge argued, as a counterweight to New York's Erie Canal. This was indeed dream-stuff, but his real point was that St. Louis must be aggres­ sive in developing direct ties with major markets and supply centers. Bridge eventually turned his attention to railroads, and he became president of the Pacific in 1854, just in time to get a dunking when the Gasconade River bridge (built by Chicago en­ gineer Lucius Boomer) collapsed under the impact of its first train. As a member of the Pacific's board in 1868, Bridge exposed

Hudson E. Bridge 380 Missouri Historical Review several varieties of corruption in its management (a "ring" of board members and officers headed by G. R. Taylor and D. R. Garrison had bilked stockholders and taxpayers). After the expose, Bridge reassumed the presidency. Hudson Bridge was a model of the hustling businessman. Starting with slender capital, he and his agents sold plows to re­ tailers in the Missouri, Upper Mississippi, and Illinois River towns. In 1838 he added a line of Cincinnati cookstoves and tinware utensils, which succeeded so well that he built a foundry to manu­ facture his own plows, cookstoves and parlor stoves. His "Empire" (later Bridge-Beach) stoves found a ready market in Missouri and in Keokuk, Fort Madison, Burlington, Quincy, Rockford, Dubuque, Eau Claire and other river towns. By 1850, he had acquired real estate, often by default, in many of these places. Bridge bought high-quality steel from the Jevons Iron and Steel Works in Manchester, England, and iron from local and Pittsburgh sources until 1858 when he acquired an iron bank and forge in southern Kentucky (an abolitionist in theory, he operated the mine and forge with 100 hired slaves). By the mid-1840s he had established his credit with the New York Bank of Commerce, which often carried him in amounts in excess of $100,000. A decade later, when Bridge-Beach was doing a million dollar an­ nual business, Bridge bought a large tract near Kirkwood on the Pacific Railroad, built a mansion there, and planted several thou­ sand trees, many of exotic varieties. Thereafter, he returned to "Glendale" each day at noon by train, to spend the afternoons with his family and callers. In 1861 Bridge won a seat in the state convention as an un­ conditional Unionist; he was among the dozen or so businessmen and lawyers in Frank Blair's inner circle during the stormy days when Missouri seemed to tremble on the brink of secession. During the war, the stove and tinware business languished, but Bridge prospered by speculating in United States bonds and gold, and by buying hogs and cattle low in Missouri and selling them high in Illinois and the East. In 1862 he and some Illinois associates cre­ ated H. E. Bridge and Company to deal in southern cotton. His agents followed the Union armies south, buying cotton for 20 cents a pound and selling it in New York for 80 cents and up. Despite skimming and cheating by his agents, Bridge made a good profit on cotton. In 1864 and 1865 he was the moneyed partner in an enterprise which bought tens of thousands of greatcoats, St. Louis Businessmen, 1850s 381 jackets, and trousers from Army quartermasters for resale to whole­ salers and retailers. In theory these purchases were made by com­ petitive bidding, but in fact buyers "rings" set prices and allo­ cated shares before the auctions. Bridge's partner assured him that this was the only way to do business with the army. By 1865, Bridge was several times a millionaire. Since the late 1850s, he had maintained a summer home in Newport, and almost annually he or members of his family spent long vacations in Switzerland, France and Italy. But there was more to Hudson Bridge than profits and conspicuous consumption. True to his Puritan heritage (he was a Congregationalist turned Unitarian), he gave generously and quietly to civic and charitable enterprises. He belonged to the Unitarian Church of the Messiah, and he was a close friend of its pastor, William Greenleaf Eliot, who gave him plenty of opportunity for philanthropy. Bridge was on the found­ ing board of Eliot Seminary (Washington University), and he sup­ ported it and its allied Mary Institute liberally. Several young persons with talent and energy but limited funds were given "scholarships" by Bridge at his own expense. During the Civil War, he contributed substantially to the Western Sanitary Com­ mission, and twenty years after he left his home church at Walpole, New Hampshire, he was the court of last resort for its repairs and capital needs. Many of his New England friends, emboldened by Bridge's success, tried their hands in the West. When they fell on hard times, as several of them did, he helped them financially, but not often without a mortgage or other security. In St. Louis, as Henry Shaw, Daniel Page, and other wealthy merchants did, Bridge regularly made mortgage loans. These men accepted risks that banks would not, at times out of compassion, but usually because they did not mind acquiring property by default. The Filley brothers of Connecticut began to manufacture stoves and tinware in St. Louis in the 1840s. Their combined assets within ten years probably exceeded those of their competitor Hudson Bridge, and under Giles Filley's leadership after the Civil War their Excelsior Stove Company became the largest manufac­ turer of cooking stoves in the United States, doing an annual business of over $2 million in a trade territory stretching to the Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico. They did not diversify as Bridge did, but they were far more active politically. They were Free- Soilers in 1848, and by 1850 they were deeply involved, with Frank 382 Missouri Historical Review

Blair, B. Gratz Brown, and John How in the Benton wing of the Democratic party. O. D. Filley was elected mayor of St. Louis in 1859 and again in 1860 as a Free-Soiler (St. Louis Republicans before 1860 avoided the party label, at first because Benton de­ spised it-later because it suggested revolution to some voters). Early in 1861, with secession threatening, O. D. Filley was named to the Committee of Safety, a small group of St. Louis businessmen and lawyers which admired and consulted with Frank Blair and Captain Nathaniel Lyon with the knowledge and ap­ proval of Abraham Lincoln. Filley, Bridge, and other Yankee businessmen, with the support of Henry Taylor Blow and a few

Giles Filley

Excelsior Manufacturing Company

"*<•»; St. Louis Businessmen, 1850s 383

A Retouched Portrait of Daniel D. Page

City of St Louis other southerners, were vitally important to the Union in the late winter and spring of 1861. As large employers of labor and con­ sumers of raw materials, as bank depositors, directors, and bor­ rowers, as investors in railroads and public enterprises, as the creditors of hundreds of individuals and businesses, they brought potent economic influence to the Union side, especially because of the initial waffling of a majority of St. Louis businessmen. Daniel D. Page of Maine and his partner Henry Bacon of Massachusetts, unlike most of their Yankee compatriots, over­ reached themselves before the war. Somewhat older than the others in this study, Page built the Star Flour Mill on the St. Louis levee in the 1820s and became mayor of the city in the 1830s. He boasted that every puff of smoke from the Star's chim­ neys represented one dollar. With the profits from these puffs he established the Page and Bacon banking house, with the latter the managing partner. Page, James Lucas, and John O'Fallon were the largest initial investors in the stock of the Pacific Railroad. In 1850, Page and Bacon established a branch bank in San Francisco in 1852 another in Quincy, Illinois. By 1854, it was the largest banking firm in the West. Page invested heavily in St. Louis and San Francisco real estate, and Bacon, who rivalled James Yeatman as a contributor to good causes, sank more than one million 384 Missouri Historical Review

dollars of the bank's funds into the construction of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad. Unfortunately the sudden collapse in 1855 of the Belcher Sugar Refining Company of St. Louis caught Page and Bacon with a lot of unsalable short-term paper in its till and most of its funds tied up in slow assets. Appeals to its New York correspondents failed, and the giant bank closed with a shudder that shook the West. Several smaller banks went under as de­ positors panicked, and the Lucas and Benoist banks were saved only because Charles P. Chouteau, James Harrison, and several other local businessmen pledged their personal assets, totaling more than $8 million, to keep the remaining banks open. Henry Bacon was never a factor in business again. Page retained some of his real estate, but the catastrophic collapse discouraged him from further major ventures. The heavily discounted railroad shares and bonds went to the bank's creditors. When the Ohio and Mississippi was completed to East St. Louis in 1857, giving St. Louis its first rail connection to the East Coast (via Cincinnati and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad) Daniel Page and Henry Bacon did not fully enjoy the triumph. Carlos Greeley, who came to St. Louis from his native New Hampshire in the 1830s, opened a wholesale grocery and com­ mission house with D. B. Gale in 1840. By 1857 the firm's annual business was over $500,000. Greeley withdrew from active manage­ ment in 1861 to devote his time to the Western Sanitary Commis­ sion and other war-related activities. During James Yeatman's ex­ tended absences with the Union army and hospitals in the South, Greeley managed the Commission's St. Louis headquarters. In 1864 he was one of the incorporators of the St. Louis and Illinois Bridge Company, the embryo from which the Eads Bridge grew. When Eads began his excavations in 1868, Greeley was a major stockholder. Along with Edward Walsh of St. Louis, he helped promote and invested in the Kansas Pacific Railroad. Ultimately, though he maintained a St. Louis residence, he was principally interested in Colorado gold and silver mining. Henry Ames, a native of New York, began his St. Louis career in the grocery and commission business in the early 1840s. In 1846, having accumulated $6,000, he closed this operation and began packing pork and beef. Meat packing was a volatile and hazardous business, and many a firm lost everything in a single bad year, but Ames and his junior partner (brother Edgar) prospered. St. Louis Businessmen, 1850s 385

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Belcher Sugar Company

By 1850 theirs was the largest packing house in the city and in 1853 they reported a profit of $100,000. It retained its first rank throughout the decade, and during the Civil War, with its ad­ vantage in size and the brothers' strong Union sentiments, it was a major supplier for the Army's western department. Henry Ames built St. Louis's first grain elevator, presided over the Cham­ ber of Commerce from 1856 through 1858, and served as director of several banks and a steamship company. Edgar Ames was a large stockholder in, and member of the board of, the Belcher Sugar Company after its reorganization in 1855, and he invested $100,000 in the construction of the Lindell Hotel in 1864. When asked why he continued to work so hard after becoming so rich, he responded "I work to beautify our city." Both brothers fought hard against Chicago interests which were trying to block the St. Louis bridge, and Edgar devised the strategy which foiled this plan of John M. Palmer, Lucius Boomer and others in the Illinois legislature. Both brothers died suddenly in their forties; Henry in 1866 and Edgar in 1867, before Edgar could carry out his planned bene­ factions to the city. Because time is limited I will dwell but briefly on three other Yankee leaders in St. Louis at mid-nineteenth century. Erastus Wells, who came to town from New York in 1843 with only small change in his pocket, became the city's first great transit magnate, 386 Missouri Historical Review

was president of the Laclede Gas Company, and served three terms in Congress during the 1860s. Daniel R. Garrison, also a New Yorker, was chief construction engineer for the Ohio and Missis­ sippi in the 1850s and built the Sedalia to Kansas City section of the Pacific Railroad in 1865. After being kicked off of the Pacific's board and out of its employment by Hudson Bridge, Garrison re­ surfaced as a major stockholder and director of the Vulcan Iron Works in Carondelet, the largest of its kind in the nation in the 1870s. After Bridge died in 1875, the Garrison family gained con­ trol of the Pacific, which they eventually sold to Jay Gould. Sul­ livan Bloody a Vermonter, was a riverboat owner and captain who helped incorporate the Boatmen's Savings Bank in 1849 and who served as its president from 1859 to 1871. These young men, who came west to grow up with St. Louis, had individual differences but certain common tendencies. With­ out exception in this sampling they came to stay—no quick for­ tune and back home. They were influential at a critical period in St. Louis's history and they or their descendants took their places among the social elite. They were chiefly East-West rather than North-South oriented, and they underlined this by taking a major role in railroad building. Politically they tended to free-soilism or even abolitionism, with the exception of Erastus Wells. In 1861, again except for Wells, they were unconditional Unionists. After Frank Blair split during the war with John C. Fremont, Gratz Brown and the German Radicals they leaned toward Blair, al­ though most of them remained with the Republican party after the war. Several of these Yankees had enjoyed considerable southern business before 1861 and they wanted to reestablish it. They were unequivocally for victory and emancipation, but they did not wish to destroy the South. Not one of them shared the ultra-Radical views of their Virginian colleague Henry Taylor Blow. These men of imagination, energy and brains helped power­ fully to transform St. Louis from a trader's town to a commercial- industrial metropolis—the nation's fourth largest city in 1900. That their Chicago rivals did even better is another story—and not their fault. Brother Hal: The Preaching Career of Harold Bell Wright

BY CHARLES T. JONES*

In 1932 while the nation suffered through the first years of the Great Depression, Harold Bell Wright, in Jamaica, British West Indies, completed his autobiography, To My Sons.1 He dedicated it to his living sons, Gilbert Munger and Norman Hall, and to Paul Williams who died in the 1920s.2 Sixty-two years old at the

*Charles T. Jones, Jr., is professor of American History at William Woods College, Fulton, Missouri. He holds the M.A. degree from the University of Texas, Austin, and the Ph.D. from the University of Missouri, Columbia. i Harold Bell Wright, To My Sons (New York, 1934) . Hereafter cited as Sons. 2 At the time of his death in 1925, Paul Williams was co-starring in a Broadway play with Claudette Colbert. Related to Kathryn A. Hinke by Nor­ man Hall Wright, in a personal interview on November 16, 1974. Typescript of the interview is in the author's possession. 387 388 Missouri Historical Review time of its publication, his years as one of America's most popular writers behind him, he spent the remainder of his life working his Quiet Hills Farm in Escondido, California. During this time he tried unsuccessfully to persuade a major publishing house to publish a set of his most popular works.3 He also wrote one last novel which received little notice upon publication.4 Actually, the autobiography covered only the first half of his life (1872-1908) before he gave up the ministry in the Christian church (Disciples of Christ)5 to become a professional novelist. Toward the end of the book he dealt with some of his intellectual and religious ideas which he thought would be helpful for his sons and for his readers. He wrote nothing about his residence in California, Tuscon, and the Arizona desert where he wrote his famous westerns,6 or of his divorce and second marriage that scandalized his name among many of his most devoted fans,7 a near-fatal accident, and his association with the infant motion pic­ ture industry.8 Wright believed that what needed to be said could best be illustrated by events of the first thirty-five years of his life, how he became a minister, and his twelve-year career in the church. The Wright genealogy reveals that among the Wright descend- ents were ". . . preachers . . . and Heaven knows what else."9 The Reverend Ebenezer Wright graduated from Yale in 1774 and preached at Stamford, Connecticut, where he had the reputation as a "powerful preacher." Following the American Revolution, Ebenezer's sons, Ebenezer and Thomas, moved their families west to the Mohawk Valley of New York State and founded Wright's

3 Harold Bell Wright's Correspondence with Harper and Row, 1936- 1944, in Archives, Princeton University Library, Princeton, New Jersey. 4 Harold Bell Wright, The Man Who Went Away (New York, 1942) . The publisher reported that the total printing of this book was 9,750, "though sales were somewhat less than that." B.W. Hagen, Harper and Row Publishers, to the author, June 25, 1969. 5 Members of this Protestant denomination are often called "Disciples," or "Campbellites," after two founders of the church, Thomas and Alexander Campbell. 6 Wright's most famous westerns were The Winnmg of Barbara Worth (Chicago, 1911) and When a Man's a Man (Chicago, 1916). 7 Thomas C. Langdon, "Harold Bell Wright: Citizen of Tucson," Journal of Arizona History, XVI (Spring, 1975) , 85-86; "Grief in the Ozarks Over the Divorce of Harold Bell Wright," Literary Digest, LXVI (August 21, 1920). 57-58. 8 J. K. Movers, "Harold Bell Wright: The Man Who Went Away," The Little Balkans Review, II (Fall, 1981), 11. 9 Sons, 10; Harold Bell Wright membership application, California State Society, Sons of the Revolution, No. 639, Registered January 31, 1920. Copy in possession of the author. Harold Bell Wright 389

Settlement, a frontier village near present-day Rome. There they built their homes, farmed the land and established a church.10 With the patriarchial Ebenezer a Yale man, one can assume the sons were Congregationalists.11 Wright's father, William Augustus, was born in the settlement on April 25, 1842. During the Civil War, he volunteered for the Union Army and rose to the rank of second lieutenant.12 Returning home in 1865, he fell in love with Alma T. Watson, the gentle daughter of a widower farmer who lived near the settlement. Married on November 20, 1866, they moved to South Pass, Illi­ nois,13 where the husband failed to make a "pleasant and agree­ able home" for Alma and their first child, William.14 After a few years they returned to the settlement. His wife, however, never forgot "the Bells" who lived on picturesque Bell's Hill near South Pass. When her second son was born on May 4, 1872, she named him Harold Bell.15 Although Will enjoyed some success in the army, his hopes and dreams in civilian life appeared beyond his capacity to realize. He moved his family often, seeking to find that one opportunity in farming or carpentry which would make him wealthy. Will went from the settlement to Whitesboro on the Erie Canal, to Auburn where he worked as a tenant farmer, and finally to Sennett. He drank excessively and spent too much time in the local tavern, swapping stories about the war.16 In his autobiography, Wright never charged his father with being the town drunk nor with beating his wife and children. Clearly, however, his drinking had become a problem, putting undue hardship on his wife, leaving his family on the edge of poverty and alienating his sons. Through­ out his lifetime, Wright's relationship with his father remained one of profound unhappiness. Although the family's church relationship appeared half­ hearted, Wright recalled attending Sunday School only because "attendance was such punishment and the minister wore what I thought was a nightgown."17 Wright told about taking a gift to a 10 Sons, 12-13. it Ibid., 197. There is only one reference in Sons to a Wright ancestor being a Congregationalist. 12 Wright membership application, SAR. 13 South Pass is now Cobden, Union County, Illinois, a small town sur­ rounded by the Shawnee National Forest in the southern part of the state. 14 Sons, 22. 15 Ibid. iGIbid., 33. 17 Ibid., 34. 390 Missouri Historical Review

"pounding"18 for the local minister and his family, remembering only that the minister's family had so many more conveniences and comforts than his own.19 At times his father would renounce his sinful past, attend the Presbyterian church and even join the choir. While the elder Wright sang praises to God, his son would pump the hand organ nearby. These periods of regeneration never lasted long, and Will would soon vacate the choir loft for the local saloon. Wright's father, neither by example nor counsel, ever led him toward the church, encouraged his spiritual growth, or planted the thought that he might someday enter the Christian ministry. The mother saw to it that her sons had an experience with Sunday School and church. Raised by her aunt to be a proper young lady, Alma once wrote in a teen-age letter of her joy of living, parties and books. She attended Stanwix Academy and must have been exposed to poetry and good literature, as well as training in the domestic arts. Wright pictured her as a frail woman, 5 feet 5 inches tall, with delicate features. Fatigued by household chores, she neverthe­ less found some time for her children. Wright remembered her sharing with him Longfellow's Hiawatha, his first encounter with literature. Ignored by his father, Wright drew close to his mother and later admitted that he was his mother's favorite son.20

is In order to supplement the minister's meager wages, congregations, mainly in rural and small town churches, would donate canned goods, produce and used clothing to the minister's family. Usually held once or twice a year, these donations or "poundings" became social events. iQSons, 63. 20 ibid., 35-38, 67. Harold Bell Wright 391

Alma's marriage to the hapless Will, the bearing of four sons, one of whom died in infancy, and the leaden existence of poverty at last broke her spirit and health. In the winter of 1881, she coughed up blood, became bedridden, and died of consumption by spring. Twelve years old when she died, Wright confessed that his hap­ piest childhood memories centered around her.21 Age made recol­ lections of his mother sweeter, even heroic. Many of the heroines in his novels became the effusions of those traits he most remem­ bered about her. Unable to manage the family after Alma's death, Will farmed out his sons to relatives and neighbors. Sent to live with a nearby neighbor, Wright wondered how that family, such good church members on Sunday, could cheat the public on Monday by selling watered-down vinegar.22 Another family took him in and immedi­ ately left him alone on Christmas Eve in a big, drafty farmhouse with only a small fire on the hearth for heat and a single coal oil lamp for light.23 He also lived briefly with an aunt in Ohio, the one person who really seemed to care about him. When her serious illness put him on the road again, he roamed through Ohio, stopping off at Lima where he worked in a paint shop, a handle factory, a grocery store and a stationery shop. He slept in the back room of the shop, where, in the soft light of a single lamp, he read some classics and books with religious themes. His limited schooling taught him to read and write. From Lima, Wright joined his father in Findlay. Will and some of his GAR "cronies" lived together and needed someone to cook for them. Wright tended to the household chores and, in his spare time, sold furniture polish, provided janitorial services, helped a carpenter, worked in a glass factory and learned the painting trade. After a violent argument with his father, he left Findlay to become a roustabout, tramping from town to town and sleeping in fields and barns at night. During those rootless adolescent years, he stored away experiences which would later become sermon illustrations and characters for his novels. Finally, Wright settled in the small Ohio quarry town of Graf­ ton, where he started a decorating business. Pie painted houses, signs and carriages, as well as hung wallpaper, all of which made him a modest profit. For the first time since his boyhood, he at-

21 Ibid. 22 ibid., 82-83. 23 Ibid., 83-84. 392 Missouri Historical Review

tended church regularly because "there was no place else to go."24 The church provided an opportunity for social activities that had been lacking in his life. However, it did not fill the emptiness of his religious experience. He said, "I felt vaguely that the church was all right for those who did not know life in the raw as I had experienced it. But the preacher, with his, to me, immaterial and irrevelant theological discussions, seemed to be apart from life."25 One day a Hiram College26 ministerial student came to Graf­ ton to hold a tent revival meeting for the Christian church. He asked Wright to paint some signs to advertise the meeting, as well as some Biblical quotations and Christian church slogans27 to hang

24 ibid., 141. 25 ibid., 141-142. 26 Established by the Disciples of Christ in 1850, it was first called West ern Reserve Eclectic Institute. James A. Garfield, one of the two Disciples of Christ who became president of the United States, served as the institution's second president. The name was changed to Hiram College in 1867. During the time Wright attended, the college had a difficult time, but managed to survive. Today it is a highly regarded private non-sectarian liberal arts college of nearly 1,200 students. See Winfred Ernest Garrison and Alfred T. DeGroot, The Disciples of Christ: A History (St. Louis, 1958), 251. 27 Early Disciples preachers and evangelists used slogans to capsulize many of the tenets of the Christian church, such as, "In essentials, faith; in non­ essentials, liberty, and in all things, charity." For many years this motto ap- Harold Bell Wright 393 inside the tent. Wright not only painted the signs, but attended the meeting. What exactly the student evangelist said from the makeshift pulpit inside the canvas temple can never be known. However, in Wright's recollections of the experience, he stated that he was impressed by the Christian church's historic plea for Christian unity.28 Undoubtedly this plea appealed to many Protes­ tants who had grown wreary of denominational strifes, competition for members, and overheated arguments about sectarian opinions. Becoming a Christian did not require a complicated theological procedure. Rather one accepted the Lordship of Jesus Christ and promised to live by his teachings in every day life and serve his fellow man. The simplicity of these ideas excited him, and the church drew him with the claim to set aside man-made doctrines, follow only the example and spirit of the New Testament church and hold to "No creed but Christ."29 Wright joined the evangelist's church. Although he did not detail this, one must assume that he accepted the invitation to become a Christian at the close of a meeting, made public his confession of faith, submitted to baptism by immersion and placed his membership in the Grafton Christian Church. After the revival, Wright kept in touch with the evangelist. The evangelist and other close Grafton friends convinced Wright that he had the makings of a preacher. Wright related that he had "no particular leaning toward the ministry . . . desired only to serve. It was the evangelist who decided I could best serve by becoming a preacher."30 What better place to prepare for a career in the Christian ministry than at the evangelist's school, nearby Hiram College? When he arrived on campus in the fall of 1893, Wright still remained uncertain about becoming a preacher, and his father's peared on the masthead of the Christian church magazine, The Christian Evangelist. Garrison and DeGroot, The Disciples of Christ, 132. Another slogan, "Where the Scriptures speak, we speak; where the Scriptures are silent, we are silent," became one of the most popular. Peter Ainslie, The Message of the Disciples of Christ for the Union of the Church (New York, 1913) , 100. "The Church of Christ upon the earth is essentially, intentionally, and constitution­ ally one," is an excerpt from Thomas Campbell's Declaration and Address (1809) . For explanation see Garrison and DeGroot, The Disciples of Christ, 145-161. 28 Sons, 143-144. 29 Walter Scott, an early Disciple preacher, inspired this widely used motto. He maintained that "the central and sufficient fact for Christian faith could be stated in these four words—'Jesus is the Christ'." Scott advanced the idea that a church needed no other creed than this. Garrison and DeGroot, The Disciples of Christ, 182. 30 Sons, 149. 394 Missouri Historical Review disheartening letter did nothing to bolster his confidence. "Who­ ever told you," his father wrote, "that you had brains enough to get an education? Don't think you can count on any help from me. I will not give you a single penny for such nonsense."31 Twenty years old and with no high school education, Wright matriculated in the school's junior preparatory department (equiva­ lent to high school sophomore).32 This lack of secondary education appeared the rule, rather than the exception. In 1880, only 800 high schools had been established in the country, and, as late as 1890, not a single state required high school attendance through ages now served by the modern high school. While a few schools existed in the cities, Wright had spent his adolescence and young adulthood on the road or in small towns. Most colleges comparable with Hiram maintained preparatory departments and granted high school credits far later than 1900.33 Filed under "Harry Wright," his academic record showed that he enrolled in Rhetoricals, Analysis (Math), Ancient History, and Bible Lectures B. His numerical grade the first term averaged 89, which translates into today's letter grade of B +. In the winter term he added Intermediate Grammar and continued in Old Testament

31 Quoted in Sons, 151. 32 Hiram College Records, 1893-1895, sent to the author by Lawrence C. Underwood, college registrar, August 20, 1969. 33 Garrison and DeGroot, The Disciples of Christ, 372.

An Early View of Hiram College Harold Bell Wright 395

History, Rhetoricals, and Bible Lectures Intermediate. Despite an incomplete in Modern History, he compiled a superior 92 aver­ age (A-).34 Working his way through school, he found little time for extra-curricular activities. Nevertheless, he sketched, painted the scenery for the school play, wrote a piece for the Christian Stand­ ard, a religious weekly published in Cincinnati, and a book, the latter of which, he admitted, he was too ashamed to mail to the publisher.35 Wright met Frances E. Long of Buffalo, New York, who became his sweetheart and later his wife. The summer be­ tween the first and second year, he remained on campus, painting college buildings.36 By his own admission, life at Hiram proved "commonplace." Presumably, he boarded that first year with the young evangelist and his family. Somewhat ambivalent toward the campus crowd, he harped about professors who used classroom time to lecture on "piffle" and ministerial students whom he had seen cheating on assignments. However, he commended some as the "true salt of the earth."37 Still undecided about becoming a preacher, Wright entered his second year, enrolling in Arithmetic, Grammar, Ancient History, New Testament History, Rhetoric, and Intermediate Bible. His numerical grade average for the entire year totaled 90, or a letter grade of A—.38 Though the faculty offered to pay his way for the third year, Wright decided to leave Hiram, make some money, and return to school in the fall of 1896. Apparently he still remained unsure about his career. Not that the two years at Hiram had dismantled his faith, but rather he questioned whether the Christian ministry was the best way to serve mankind. Lawrence C. Underwood, Hiram College registrar, wrote that "Harold Bell Wright was kept on our alumni and former student list, of course, but I understand he repeatedly asked to have his name taken off because he wanted nothing to do with Hiram

34 Hiram College Records, 1893-1895. 35 "Harold Bell Wright," in My Maiden Effort: Being the Personal Confes­ sions of Well-Known American Authors as to Their Literary Beginnings (New York, 1921),283. 3GSons, 156. 37 ibid., 154. 38 Hiram College Records, 1893-1895. 396 Missouri Historical Review

College. He may have had an unfortunate experience here."39 In his autobiography Wright mentioned his "disillusionment" with Hiram, but he never revealed what caused it.40 One point he made clear—he never graduated with a college degree. When Hiram College asked for his support, perhaps he turned them down be­ cause he was never a graduate. After he left Hiram, he returned only once. Driving through the town twenty years later on his way from Cleveland to Lowellville, Ohio, he stopped for a tank of gas.41 Returning to hard physical labor, Wright found employment in a Lowellville quarry. That company furnished limestone for the smelters that "lighted the Mahoning Valley at night with the red glow of their furnaces." A run of mishaps made the winter of 1895 a dreary and painful one. Contracting pneumonia, he almost died and never fully recovered from a respiratory problem. Development of a serious eye condition prevented his return to work.42 When able, he painted pictures and organized and directed a boy's club, making enough money to eke out a living. Weakened physi­ cally and threatened with the loss of his eyesight, he aban­ doned the plan to return to school. Forty years later, he con­ fessed to his sons that he had contemplated suicide by drown­ ing himself in the churning wa­ ters of the Mahoning River. "It was the only time in my life," he wrote, "that I ever per­ mitted myself such thoughts."43 Sometime that winter, be­ fore his miseries had multiplied,

39 Lawrence C. Underwood, college registrar, to the author, August 20, 1969. 40 Sons, 152. *i Ibid., 180. 42 ibid., 185-187. Dr. Richard White, a Fulton optometrist, stated that, based on Wright's description of his eye condition, he had iritis, an inflamma­ tion of the iris of the eye. Mlbid., 192-193. Harold Bell Wright 397

Wright received an unexpected invitation from his Uncle Ben Wright to come to the Ozark hills of southwestern Missouri to recuperate from his illness. Wright had never seen Ben and his wife, although his older brother, Will, had stayed with them at one time. His father also had found his way into that country and surprisingly told his son to come ahead. Instead of drowning him­ self, he constructed a canoe and floated down the Ohio River as far as Cincinnati. Here, high water forced him to give up his river journey. He entrained for Springfield, Missouri, arriving there sometime early in 1896.44 Forested with short leaf pine, virgin pine and oak, the Ozark region offered breathtaking beauty with scenic hills, plateaus, deep valleys, and wild meandering streams and rivers. Isolated then by the lack of roads and railroads, it appeared an undeveloped area with few economic opportunities. Penniless and in poor health, Wright painted houses and barns. He also continued his art work, some of which he sold to Eastern art dealers. This success helped him regain his confidence and direction. When the preacher of a small hill country church failed to show up for "preaching," the people asked Wright to take his place. Wright accepted and en­ tered the vocation he had so long resisted. It remained his career for the next twelve years.45 Wright stayed in the vicinity for a few months, painting and preaching. Then, he moved to Mount Vernon where he opened a decorating shop, probably similar to the one he ran in Grafton. Painting landscapes in his spare time, he often preached to small gatherings in school houses and abandoned church buildings in out-of-the-way country districts. On spring and summer evenings he frequently sat in front of his shop and engaged passers-by in friendly conversation. One evening, John W. Taylor and J. B. Jones, jurors from Pierce City in town for sessions of the Circuit Court, talked with the young painter. Impressed by his repartee, they became instrumental in engaging Wright to speak at a Pierce City social event. After several return visits, the Christian Church of Pierce City invited him to preach on weekends. During the sum­ mer of 1896, he rode horseback the forty miles roundtrip between Mount Vernon and Pierce City. Finally, the congregation called him to be the resident pastor at eight dollars a week. Borrowing

4* Ibid., 196. 45 Ibid., 191. 398 Missouri Historical Review

A Pierce City Street Scene, 1890s the money for a new suit, W7right met his congregation in a small building that later became the city library.46 Pierce City, southwest of Mount Vernon in Lawrence County, was sizable "as towns in southern Missouri go."47 Despite the lack of ministerial leadership, the tiny congregation had survived for many years. Although attendance at church services proved small, Wright recalled that many young people came. His eloquence, the emphasis on Christian service to the poor and friendless, and his belief that Christians have been called to live by the simple teachings of Jesus must have appealed to some of the idealistic young people of the community. Some of the residents remembered that he continued his painting, often using left-over cans of paint, and cutting short his work when out of paint.48 One painting, be­ lieved to have been done while he was in Pierce City, now hangs in the library of the Kansas City Museum of History and Science.49 When Wright's reputation as a preacher spread, a larger con­ gregation at Pittsburg, Kansas, called him to the pastorate. In Sep­ tember 1898, the young clergyman arrived in Pittsburg, a railroad center and coal mining town of about 15,000.50 Just two blocks from Wright's church, saloons and brothels lined the east side of

46 Lawrence County Historical Society Bulletin, No. 80 (July, 1981), 25. The old church building was deeded to the Pierce City Parent-Teacher's As­ sociation in 1933 and is now named the Harold Bell Wright Library. 47 Sons, 204. 48 Kansas City Star, June 4, 1933. 49 James Ryan, curator of collections, Kansas City Museum of History and Science, to the author, September 3, 1975. Given to the museum by Mrs. Robert Edward Kennedy and Harold O. Taylor, the painting is a landscape believed to be of a wooded area near an unidentified river in Ohio. Wright painted it from memory. 50 Sons, 208. Harold Bell Wright 399

Broadway.51 Although the saloons outnumbered the churches nearly two to one, Pittsburg at that time was probably no more wicked than any other bustling midwestern railroad town; nevertheless, it must have looked like a Kansas version of "Sodom and Gomor­ rah" to the righteous young preacher. Wright began his ministry in Pittsburg without a college de­ gree, without much experience, without ordination papers and without a wife. In the Christian church, however, it was not an unusual practice for laymen to preach. In fact, Thomas and Alex­ ander Campbell encouraged laymen to occupy the pulpits. The latter himself preached before his ordination. Traditionally, early leaders in the Christian church saw the distinction between clergy and laity as artificial. They often refused to address their ministers as reverend and preferred to use such informal titles as elder, brother and preacher. Allowing only the professional clergy to occupy the pulpit, they believed, would encourage ecclesiastical domination over what essentially had been a lay movement. No­ where in the Scriptures could they find the authority to separate the two.52 In spite of these concerns, many in the Christian church began to accept the view that certain persons should be set apart to devote their full time to the church, that the church should ordain or license them to preach and to serve a church, and that schools and seminaries should be founded to educate them. Just before Christmas in 1898, Brother C. L. Milton of Fort Scott came to Pittsburg and ordained the young Harold Bell Wright. While the church elders laid their hands on Wright's head, the preacher charged him to "preach the gospel," thus setting him aside to serve full time the community of God's people.53 Wright thought that in some ways the five years in Pittsburg were "the most satisfactory" of his life.54 On July 18, 1899, he mar­ ried Frances E. Long, his college sweetheart, and two of their three sons were born there.55 The congregation increased in mem- 5i ibid. 52 Granville T. Walker, "About the Ministry," in James M. Flanagan, ed., What We Believe (St. Louis, 1960) , 90-98, and Hampton Adams, Why I Am a Disciple (New York, 1957), 64-66. 53 The History of the First Christian Church: 1881 -1956 (Pittsburg, Ks., 1956) , 2-3. In the Christian church, persons become ministers by action of the local congregations. Usually the church elders, representing the congrega­ tion, lay their hands on the candidate's head to symbolize that it is the con­ gregation in whom, under Christ, spiritual authority for this action rests. See Walker, "About The Ministry," 90-98. 54 Sons, 216-217. For an excellent treatment of Wright's years in Pittsburg, see Moyers, "Harold Bell Wright: The Man Who Went Away." 55 Sons, 217. Gilbert Munger was born in 1900 and Paul Williams in 1902. 400 Missouri Historical Review bership, finances improved, and the church building was repainted. Apparently the congregation went along with some of Wright's pro­ posals, such as raising the American flag above the church, en­ couraging his work in the Temperance League and community betterment drives, and supporting programs for young people. The church office observed regular business hours. Apparently a good speaker, Wright's reputation had preceded him to Pittsburg where he had gone as a public speaker. In his sermons he probably avoided denominational propaganda, sec­ tarian controversies, theological subjects and Biblical exegesis and exposition. Sermons based on Biblical stories and the New Testa­ ment parables likely appealed to him. He also leaned toward timely topics, for reportedly, he often lifted sermon ideas from the local newspapers.56 He emphasized sermons that helped people apply their Christian beliefs to everyday problems and showed how the church as an institution might carry its witness into the community through Christian service and projects. Although Wright did not mention whether he preached from a manuscript or from notes, he indicated that his sermons totaled forty minutes in length.57 The Christian church traditionally has emphasized the spoken word in its worship services; and Wright's congregation probably did not object to the length of his sermons. Wright continued his art work. He painted several pictures, located in Pittsburg, as well as a mural of the Jordan River on the back wall of the church baptistry. Since the Christian church practices baptism by immersion, most of their buildings have an inside baptistry. Frequently in rural and small town churches, a local artist would paint a scene on the bap­ tistry wall, depicting the site of the Jor­ dan River where John baptized Jesus. Though these paintings often resem­ bled a Hawaiian waterfront more than the topography of the Holy Land, they •—««r- nevertheless added to the symbolism of the act of baptism. When the congrega­ tion razed the building in 1916, they

56 Movers, "Harold Bell Wright: The Man Who Went Away," 8. 57 5on5, 209. Harold Bell Wright 401 destroyed Wright's Jordan River mural. Once Wright illustrated a sermon on conversion by painting a six by eight foot picture before the assembled congregation.58 Christian evangelists and special speakers often chalked pictures to stimulate interest and to drama­ tize their talks. For a resident pastor to paint a large picture at a worship service, however, proved a rare occurrence. In addition to the preparation of sermons, inspirational talks and Bible lessons, Wright wrote at least one story and poem. His most noteworthy literary effort, however, was the writing and publication of his first novel, That Printer of Udell's.5® After a few years in Pittsburg, Wright believed that he had failed to lead his congregation in an active ministry to the poor, the homeless and the unemployed. He questioned whether his church had truly served the needy in the way Jesus had served the outcasts in his earthly ministry. Had the members of his con­ gregation really applied their faith in areas of social concern and action? Wright knew what needed to be done, but he questioned how to motivate his congregation to apply their Christian faith in good deeds and works. One Sunday after a long day of meetings and preaching, the idea came to him to write a story. In this story, which he planned to tell the congregation on successive Sunday evenings, he would define the social needs of the Pittsburg community. He would show how the Christian church could minister to those needs, and what the results surely would be for both community and church. A story also would have the added advantage of slipping up on the blind side of the congregation before they could mar- shall their natural resistance to sermons, and convince them to join him in a ministry of Christian sendee.60 A few years earlier, Charles M. Sheldon, a fellow Kansas preacher, had written the immensely popular book, In His Steps, which popularized the Social Gospel movement in the Protestant church at the turn of the century. Admittedly, Wright had been influenced by it.61 At a church board meeting in June 1900, Wright

58 Kansas State College of Pittsburg, Porter Library Bulletin, IV (October 1. 1969), 2. 59 Harold Bell Wright, That Printer of Udell's: A Story of the Middle West, published in Chicago, in 1903 and 1911; New York, in 1911; and New York and London, in 1911 and 1925. 60 Sons, 210-211. 61 Ibid., 211. Charles M. Sheldon, In His Steps (New York, 1896), was naive in advocating that society's ills could be solved if people would ask the question, "What would Jesus do?" before every decision, and acting on the 402 Missouri Historical Review announced that, on his vacation, he intended to write a book of "fact such as he had found in this church; and to set forth a plan of procedure he would like to see carried QUk"6? When Wright completed the manuscript, he showed it to a group of friends, including a fellow minister, who persuaded him to have it published. The Christian Century,6* a denominational paper, agreed to publish it in serial form. Wright accused The Century pf emasculating the story, cutting out some of the best scenes and eliminating many of his ideas on the church's mission and ministry. Since many of his church members read The Ceil' turys lifeless version, Wright depided not to read the story to the congregation as originally planned. He also gave up the idea of trying to get it published in book form. However, Dr, William Williams, a country doctor, elder in the Christian church and a highly respected citizen of Pittsburg, revived Wright's hope of publishing the book.64 Williams inquired if there was someone Wright knew who might help him get the story published, Wright remembered Elsbery W. Reynolds, manager of the Book Supply Company, a Chicago mail order house.65 Earlier, during the winter of 19014902, Wright had met Rey­ nolds when he conducted an evangelistic meeting for a Chicago ehurch, One of his sermons, "The Sculptors of Life," so impressed Reynolds that he invited him to deliver the same sermon to a group of young people, Williams urged Wright to take the manu­ script to Reynolds and paid his expenses, Wright located the com­ pany in a dingy looking building in the jobbing district of Chicago, In Reynold's private office, no larger than Wright's study, the Chicago publisher agreed to publish the book and offered him a contract paying him "the highest royalty being paid for any author's answer. The novel reflected, however, the spirit of the Social Gospel move­ ment, especially in its concern for the poor, Tht book became a pest seller in 1897/ Sheldon served as a Congregational pastor in Topeka at the time he wrote it, 61 History of the Fint Christian Church, 3. 63 Sms, gll, Garrison and DeGroot, History of the Disciples of Christ, 5S6. Founded in 1814, The Christian Cmtury served as a Christian church weekly until it wa§ refounded in 1908 by Gharfes Clayton Morrison as an ecumenical journal for liberal Christianity, 64 Sons, 213-^16. William Allen White, in describing a typical Kansas com­ munity, once wrote, "Every town had its rich men. The richest man was frequently a retired farmer turned banker. The second richest was probably the best lawyer, but nobody was respected more than the doctor." From William Allen White, "A Typical Kansas Community/' Atlantic Monthly, LXXX (1897), 65 Sons, 214. Harold Bell Wright 403 first book."66 The two became good friends and business associates in a profitable publishing business. Reynolds, a master salesman and shrewd businessman, pioneered promotional techniques which con­ tributed to the popularity and success of Wright's novels. Reynolds geared his advertising campaigns to rural and small town areas. At one time one could order a Wright novel from the Sears and Roe­ buck Catalog. He portrayed Wright as a courageous Christian novelist/preacher whose work upheld Christian ethics and Ameri­ can values.67 This image of the author appealed especially to the large church audience across the country. In April 1903, a few days prior to his thirty-first birthday, Wright received a copy of his first novel.68 Did he turn excitedly to the first chapter, read those opening lines of a dying mother, "God, take ker o' Dick. He'll sure have a tough time when I'm gone . . . ," and remember his own mother? Arranged so that it could be read, chapter by chapter, in serial form on successive Sunday evenings, the novel had a text: "Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye did it unto one of these my brethren, even the least, ye did it unto me."69 Perhaps it might be described as a kind of sermonic soap opera—many scenes and characters held together by a central theme, that being the trans­ formation which takes place in the lives of individuals and insti­ tutions when they accept the teachings of Jesus and live by them day by day. Wright resurrected many of the characters in subse­ quent novels, with different names and settings, but always with character intact. Much of the novel is autobiographical with Dick Faulkner, the novel's hero, representing Wright. Before they reached their teens, their mothers died of consumption. Their fathers, both named Bill, were ne'er-do-wells who drank, caroused at the saloons, and lived unfulfilled lives. Set adrift by the deaths of their mothers, the young boys moved from place to place in search of work. Faulkner learned the honest trade of printer while Wright became a painter. Down on their luck they came as strangers to Boyd City and to the Ozarks. A caring clergyman led both to Christianity. Toward the

66 Elsbery W. Reynolds, "Harold Bell Wright: A Biography," in The Re- Creation of Brian Kent (Chicago, 1919) , 345-352; Everett Hyde, "Preaching to Millions," Housewife (February, 1913), 15; Literary Digest, LXVI (August 21, 1920), 57-58. 67 Russell Nye discusses Reynolds's sales techniques in The Unembarrassed Muse: The Popular Arts in America (New York, 1970), 39-40. 68 Sons, 216. 69 Matt. 25:40. 404 Missouri Historical Ruview end of the novel, Faulkner retreated to the Ozarks to renew him­ self just as Wright had dune when ill health and financial miseries prevented his return to Hiram. Although the book enjoyed modest success, Wright did nut retire from the pastorate and become a full-time author. However, the venture convinced him that he could write a novel that would be read; a book increased the size of his audience and he could preach through a novel, as well as from a pulpit. The book also had put him in contact with a publisher. Wright's health worsened, preventing him from performing his pastoral duties. A persistent cough signaled the lung problem that troubled him for the rest of his life. Dr. Williams warned him to leave Pittsburg or he would not survive the year. So that sum­ mer he vacationed in the Ozarks and accepted a call to the Forest Avenue Christian Church, Kansas City, Missouri. He moved there in September 1903.70 Wright said he went to the Kansas City church with the "pur­ pose of rebuilding it into an institutional church."71 Founded in 1886 by the energetic pastor, Dr. T. P. Haley, minister of the First Christian Church, the Forest Avenue Church had fallen on hard times. Many members had joined the white exodus to better residential areas south and northeast of the downtown area.72 In one of his editorials in the church's newsletter, The Pastoral Call, Wright described the area as "filling up with boarding houses," and "saloons, brothels and gambling houses."78 The congregation found it increasingly difficult to carry on a traditional program of evangelism, education, worship and stewardship. Whereas, Wright may have understood that the congregation sought a minister to rebuild the church into an institutional one, a task consistent with his ideas on Applied Christianity,74 the scant history of the church indicates that the dwindling congregation wanted to continue its

70 sons, 217. 71 Ibid. 72 From historical data in the office of the Christian Church Commission of Greater Kansas City sent by Mrs. Garner Noland to the author, August 10, 1971. 73 Pastoral Call, January 10, 1905, on file in the State Historical Suciety of Missouri, Columbia. 74 Sons, 211. Wright used the term "Applied Christianity to mean putting one's Christian faith to work in the service of humanity. A leading figure in the Social Gospel movement was Washington Gladden. In his book, Applied Christianity (New York, 1886), he urged the Protestant church to take up the cause of the laboring man in his struggle for a just share of the profits of industry. Wright may have been influenced by that book and appropriated its title. Illustrations From That Printer of Udell's

usual programs and ministry. As undoubtedly other pastors had done, Wright worked gamely to keep the church doors open. The congregation finally disbanded in 1916, however, selling the property for a black school which became part of Manual Training High School.75 Although as a small town preacher, Wright had kept busy, his urban pastorate made a greater demand on his time and energy. Meetings abounded with groups inside and outside the church.76 With Forest Avenue in a decaying neighborhood, Wright had to confront serious social problems involving more people in trouble. Thus the position required more visitations, hospital calls, wed­ dings, funerals, and greater administrative and organizational chores. Through the church newsletter, Wright worked at boosting attendance at all church services.77 In addition to the two sermons on Sunday, the pastor prepared special talks, Bible lessons and the editorial for the weekly newsletter.

75 Mrs. Garner Noland to the author, August 10, 1971. 76 See Pastoral Call, January 24, 1905, December 20, 1904, December 6, 1904. 77 in an editorial in Pastoral Call, Wright encouraged his congregation to make Sunday a day of spiritual refreshment and religious activity, warning them that "The day for us to thank God in the morning and play football in the afternoon is at hand." Ibid., November 22, 1904. 406 Missouri Historical Review

As the Christian church in the early 1900s strengthened its denominational structure and remained in the forefront of the Christian unity movement, denominational and interdenominational activities increased. Wright felt strongly about the Disciples' plea for Christian unity, once describing denominationalism as "one room Christianity."78 He led his congregation to actively participate in union sendees and interdenominational projects.79 For two disappointing years, Wright lived in Kansas City. The pressure of an urban pastorate and the midwestern climate further impaired his health. Despite his firm purpose, one questions why, with unhealthy lungs, he took a church in Kansas City, a place of frigid winters and sweltering summers. He once bemoaned that "A half sick preacher is just about the most useless creature imaginable."80

78 ibid., January 17,1905. 79 Ibid., January 24, 1905. 80 Sons, 218. One of the most distinguished Christian church preachers was the late Dr. George Hamilton Combs, minister of the Independence Boulevard Christian Church, Kansas City, at the time Wright was at Forest Avenue. In his autobiography, I'd Take This Way Again (St. Louis, 1944) , 224, Combs may have said more about Wright's physical condition than his personality when he wrote, "No one looking at the lanky and rather sad face of the pastor at the Fifteenth and Lydia Christian Church would have ever dreamed that, of all Kansas City's preachers, he would come to widest fame. But so it was to be. . . . Harold Bell Wright he was, a man with a mind, soul, ample enough to cradle The Shepherd of the Hills and other books that will not soon know death. Yet so modest, so unpretentious, so shy, that preacher."

A Kansas City Street Scene About the Turn of the Century Harold Bell Wright 407

Frustration mounted as he gave his declining vigor to church work only to see the inevitable erosion of church and community. He sensed something incompatible between his personality and the Christian ministry. Basically an introvert, introspective, shy and a lover of solitude, Wright had chosen a profession that placed him in the limelight, before an audience, and often into the lives of strangers and misfits. Inwardly he longed to be beside a moun­ tain stream, but he knew that the effective pastor must be in the mainstream of church and community activity. He questioned him­ self, his work, and whether he had entered a profession for which he was unsuited and untrained.81 As a result of his unhappiness and oversensitiveness to his lack of a college education, Wright's resentment toward the clergy in­ creased, Finally, in the church newsletter, he wrote sarcastic re­ marks about his fellow minister^. "When is a preacher not a preacher?" He answered, f'When he cannot forget that he is."82 With preachers in mind, he observed, "The really big things—men included—keep close to the ground. Balloons and other things that, filled with gas or hot air, soar above the heads of people, look big but weigh little."83 Years later he blamed the critics for decreasing the number of his readers, He charged them with foredamning and smearing his work "to bring put the fact that he was once a pro­ fessional pulpit pounder."84 Though a college education can be of great value, he reminded himself and his congregation that ffYou cannpt make a rpse jar out of a garbage can by silver plat­ ing it,"*5 Throughout his preaching career he liked to think that he was a different sort of minister, unlike the general run. He called himself a "thorn in the flesh of the body ministerial," refusing the preacher's discount86 and half fare rates. Abhorring the title Reverend, he encouraged his parishioners to call him Hal. He wore no distinctive garb, which presumably meant a pulpit robe, nor a cross about his neck or in his suitqoat lapel, Putting on a pair of overalls and helping to paint the church building at Pitts­ burg, ho castigated "the ministerial union and some of the self-

si Sons, 211,218. 88 Pastoral Call, December 6, 1904. 88 Ibid., October 25, 1904. 84 Harold Bell Wright to W. H. Briggs, May 20, 1942, in Wright Cor- respondence with Harper and Row. 85 Pastoral Call, December 20, 1904. 86 Sons, 207. 408 Missouri Historical Review elected guardians of the Faith" who criticized him.87 In his first novel, he portrayed only one preacher/character as a genuine hu­ man being and a sincere Christian. The rest were pious "nincom­ poops." And in his autobiography, with just two exceptions, he never wrote about any minister with warmth and respect.88 By the summer of 1905, he decided to test himself to see if he could write another novel that would be his way out of church work. Aware that he should wTite on a familiar subject, he thought of the "Ozark mountains and those backwoods folks" he knew so well.89 From the time he had left the Ozarks to accept the Pittsburg church in 1898, he returned at every opportunity to that wilderness country. He had become an expert camper and acquainted with the natives, their folkways, and the scenic White River, Dewy Bald, Mutton Hollow and Marvel Cave,90 Those Ozark people would become the characters and the area the setting for the story he would write. Sending his wife and children away on vacation, he went alone to the Ozarks. He pitched a tent on a hilltop, boarded with the J. K. Ross family, who lived in a cabin nearby,91 collected ma­ terial and outlined his novel. Sometime during the summer of 1905, Wright decided he could not complete the book and carry on the taxing job at Forest Avenue. He resigned his Kansas City pastorate and accepted the call to become the pastor of the First Christian Church, Lebanon, Missouri. Thus, by the end of the summer, he began his ministry in another railroad town not too distant from the places in his un­ finished novel.92 In his third novel, The Calling of Dan Matthews®* Wright described Lebanon as a town stretched out along the rail­ road track, where no one could escape the noise of the railroad trains.94 But he had escaped the exhausting pressures and demands of an urban pastorate. Probably performing only those duties necessary to keep the church active, he conserved his time and 87 ibid J210. 88 Wright respected the young Hiram College student who converted him to Christianity and thought enough of a Pittsburg preacher to show him the manuscript of That Printer of Udell's. 89 Sons, 218. 90 One of the largest of the many limestone caverns in Missouri, Dewy Bald is a 1,341 foot peak overlooking the White River, 400 feet below. Missouri: A Guide to the "Show Me" State (New York, 1954) , 486. 91 Branson White River Leader, March 15, 1923, quoted in MISSOURI HIS TORICAL REVIEW, XVIII (April, 1924), 474. 92 Sons, 218. 93 Harold Bell Wright, The Calling of Dan Matthews (Chicago, 1909). 94 Ibid., 15. Harold Bell Wright 409

The Harold Bell Wright Family energy for work on his book. Tradition has it that he wrote while sitting on the front porch of the Lebanon parsonage at the corner of Hays and Adams streets.95 This may not be altogether accurate since he wrote The Shepherd of the Hills9® during the winter of 1905-1906. True, in Lebanon he found time for sitting on the front porch—time he never had had in Kansas City. The Lebanon Republican reported Wright's activities as the pastor of the Christian church. He preached two sermons each Sunday, attended young people's meetings, church conventions and Sunday School rallies. In October 1906, Wright conducted his own evangelistic meeting based on the theme, "What Does Jesus Say About It?" Such a theme suggests a variation of the question, "What would Jesus do?" in Sheldon's In His Steps. The Republican noted that Wright "entered deeply into the subject of the sayings of Jesus and his sermons are to show the real Christian religion as announced by its inspired Founder/"97 Wright's health continued to deteriorate until he had no choice but to seek a dryer and milder climate. In December 1906, the Wrights left suddenly,98 moving to Red lands, California, Here,

95 Lebanon Daily Record, July 16, September 17, 1904. 96 Harold Bell Wright, The Shepherd of the Hills (Chicago, 1907) . 97 Lebanon Republican, October 26, 1906. 98 According to Mrs, Madge Haiper, Joplin, Missouri, whose family knew the Wrights when they lived in Lebanon, Wright asked 'her aunt, Alice Barn- 410 Missouri Historical Review

Wright became the pastor of the Christian church. The Lebanon pastors published in The Republican the following resolution: Resolved by the pastors of the Ministers' Association of Lebanon, Missouri, that we express our deep gratitude to Brother Wright for his interest in and for the building up of Christ's kingdom among us and for the rare talent which he possesses and uses so advantageously in the work of the Church. We shall miss his counsel and Christ-like life and pray that our God shall abundantly bless him in all things." The ministers might not have been so generous in their praise if they had known how Wright would use his "rare talent" to char­ acterize them and Lebanon in such an uncomplimentary way in The Calling of Dan Matthews.100 His second novel, The Shepherd of the Hills, Wright published while at Redlands. It relates the story of a young artist who comes to the Ozarks and falls in love with a beautiful and innocent girl. When she bears their illegitimate child, the artist, unable to face the consequences of his transgression, deserts mother and child. The heartbroken girl becomes ill and dies, leaving the demented child

hart, to pack and send their things to them when they got settled. She did. We did not know until later he had a hemorrhage . . . after he was home from church. The Dr. told him to get to the desert as fast as he could." Mrs. Madge Harper to the author, n.d. Letter in author's possession. 99 Lebanon Republican, January 11, 1907. ioo MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, XXIV (July, 1930), 591.

The Lebanon Christian Church Where Harold Bell Wright Preached Harold Bell Wright 411

An Illustration From The Shepherd of the Hills

to roam in the forest. Years later a stranger arrives. At first the hill people appear suspicious and fearful of him, but before long, his wise and kindly manner win them over. He becomes, not only a shepherd of sheep, but the caring shepherd of the human flock as well. The mystery of the shepherd is finally solved when it is revealed that he had been the successful pastor of a large Chicago church and the father of the cowardly artist. He had come to the Ozarks to atone for the sins of his son. Romance and action abound in the story, highlighted by a classic brawl between a gentle giant and the local bully, and the climactic showdown between good and evil. The Shepherd has become one of the most popular novels ever written.101 Though published seventy-five years ago, it still

101 On the popularity of The Shepherd of the Hills and other Wright novels, see: William Rose Benet, ed., The Reader's Encyclopedia (New York, 1948), 1227; Nelson R. Burr, A Critical Bibliography of Religion in America (Prince­ ton, 1961), IV, 898; Malcolm Cowley, "Classics and Best Sellers," New Republic (December 22, 1947), 25-27; Alice Payne Hackett, 70 Years of Best Sellers (New York, 1967), 86; Richard B. Morris, ed., Encyclopedia of American History (New York, 1965), 605; Frank Luther Mott, Golden Multitudes (New York, 1947); Nye, The Unembarrassed Muse, 31-32; Benjamin Edward Powell, "Red- 412 Missouri Historical Review is being sold and read. Exploited by the tourist industry, the book's title has become the appelation for southwestern Missouri. Made into four motion pictures, it starred well-known Hollywood actors and actresses in both the silent and talkie eras.102 It often appears on late night television. Each year, thousands see a pageant based on the book and performed by local people in the Branson vicin­ ity.103 Though not regarded as a literary masterpiece, the book's historic worth rests upon Wright's accurate reproduction of the dia­ lect of the early Ozark settlers,104 and the preservation of folkways and words. It reinforces the prevailing morals, cultural values, manners, and economic status quo of many Americans in the early decades of the twentieth century.105 With the book's success, Wright left the ministry in 1908, and began his career as a novelist. He never really wanted to be a preacher. Like the man in the New Testament who put his hand to the plow and looked back,106 Wright represented the reluctant preacher. His indecision about the ministry while at Hiram College, his impatience with the church which practiced "Churohianity" instead of Christianity, his inferiority feeling in the presence of educated people, his carping at his fellow laborers and his pharisaic attitude that he did not fit the ministerial mold, indicated a man unhappy in his profession. After The Shepherd sold well and his bold publisher convinced him he could write novels and prosper, Wright felt no guilt about leaving the ministeiy and taking up his pen. Although he talked convincingly about being able to erve mankind better through his writing than through his preaching, which in his case probably was true, the strongest motivation for a career change in midlife was his desire to quit the ministry, Despite his discontentment during the twelve years in church work, Wright enjoyed a measure of security, He had time to work with words and to hear their sounds when spoken to a congregation

Letter Books Relating to Missouri" MISSOURI HISTORICAL RLUEVV, XXXVI (Apiil, 1942) , 349-355; Robert E. Spiller, el a!., eds., Literary History of the United States (New York, 1963) ,1121. 102 Released in 1919, 1926, 1940 and 1963, Waning John Wayne, Ward Bond Marjorie Main, Betty Fields, Harry Caiey and Richard Arlen. 103 st. Louis Post-Dispatch, October 4, 1982. A leading tourist attraction in the Ozarks is The Shepherd of the Hills Farm, vvhere the story is reenacted at the Old Mill Outdoor Theater, beginning May 30, 104 Missouri: Guide to the "Show Me'" State, 147. 105 Warner Berthoff, The ferment of Realism: American literature, 1884- 1919 (New York, 1965) 32. 108 Luke 9:62. Harold Bell Wright 413 of listeners. Later when church-goers made up the majority of his reading audience, they bought and read his books because he spoke their language. Wright also found time to study the Holy Bible and other religious works which fueled his imagination and influenced his writing style, He could observe people, rethink his beliefs and ideas, ponder Christian words and meanings, such as faith, love, sacrifice, atonement, regeneration and hope, which found their way into his books. Thus, for nearly four decades, Wright poured into his novels, short stories, articles, movie scenar­ ios, and poetry so much of those years when as a reluctant young minister he stood up to preach.

Atttostandstill

The Gridiron, April, 1904 "So you have bought an automobile?" 'Well, that's what they called it when they sold it to me, but most of the time it's an autostandstiil/

Did You Know That?

Federation of Genealogical Societies Newsletter, December, 1982- Mote Americans trace their ancestry to Germany than to any other country. A census study sbo^s 29 percent of people surveyed are at least partly of German Descent Irish are the second largest group, at 24 percent. English, 22 percent, are third. Eleven percent say they're just plain American Reprinted from U.S. News and World Report, May 24, 1982.

A New Partnership

St. Louis Christian Advocate, February 24, 1926. A commercial traveler by mistake handed a merchant, on whom he had been calling, a portrait of his betrothed instead of his business card, saying he represented that establishment. The merchant examined it carefully, re­ marked that it was a fine establishment, and returned it to the astonished and blushing traveler, saying, "1 hope you will soon be admitted into partner ship." Photo by Jim Brizendine

And It Was Red: Missouri's New Supreme Court Building 1907 BY

BONNIE WRIGHT, ROBERT DURANT SMITH & HADEN D. SMITH*

The Jefferson City daily newspaper called it the "most 'cussed' " of all buildings erected by the state.1 An irate Missouri legislator compared its appearance to that of "an overgrown street car barn' and a "snaggle tooth Indian squaw of seventy-five summers."2 For nearly a year, the state refused to settle with the contractors and even considered selling its interest in the building, in which it already had invested almost $200,000. After a raucous debate,

*Bonnie Wright is a cultural resource preservationist I for the Missouri Division of Parks and Historic Preservation, Jefferson City. She has the B.A. degree from Ohio State University-Columbus, and the M.A. and M.L.S. degrees from the University of Missouri-Columbia. Robert Durant Smith is assistant librarian, Missouri Supreme Court Library, Jefferson City. He has the B.A. and M.S. degrees from the University of Missouri- Columbia. Haden D. Smith is a senior at Washington University, St. Louis, studying civil engineering and architecture. i Jefferson City Daily Tribune, December 21, 1907. 2 Journal of the House, Mo. 44th General Assembly, Extraordinary Session (Jefferson City, 1907), 136-137. 414 Missouri's New Supreme Court Building 415 an independent investigation and a report from the state attorney general's office, the legislature authorized payment of most of the contractors' bills. Thus, Missouri became the reluctant possessor of a commodious new supreme court building. Erected between the fall of 1905 and the spring of 1907, the building appeared the child, or step-child, of St. Louis's 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Funding for the building derived originally from the surplus remaining in the state's appropriation for the Missouri exhibit at the fair. Guy C. Mariner and Louis La Beaume, architects for the building, both had been involved in creating the fair's elaborate plaster palaces and colonnades.3 Thirty- year-old La Beaume had been assistant to E. L. Masqueray, chief of design for the fair. Masqueray was a product of the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris who came to America to introduce French architectural education in the states.4 In the throes of "World's Fair Fever," Missourians had voted to spend $1,000,000 to display the state's achievements at the ex­ position. At the close of the great extravaganza, nearly $200,000 remained unexpended. In March of 1905, the 43rd General Assem­ bly earmarked these funds for the construction of a modern, fire­ proof supreme court building to replace the inadequate structure then in use on the grounds of the "old" state capitol.5 By May 1905, a Supreme Court Commission, headed by Governor Joseph Folk, had purchased a site for the new building.6 The property, located on a hill directly across from the main entrance to the capitol, had once belonged to General Thomas Lawson Price, former lieutenant governor, U.S. congressman and general of the militia during the Civil War. Work on the project began almost immedi­ ately. The law required that the building be completed by Janu­ ary 1,1907.7 Fifteen firms entered the competition for the contract to design the new building. The commission awarded third prize to F. C. Bonsard and second prize to Spearine and Mann, both of St. Louis. The first prize of $1,000 went to the young architects Mariner and La Beaume, who had been in business for only

3 Jefferson City Daily Tribune, May 12, 1905. 4 Louis La Beaume, "The Way We Came: A Reminiscence about Archi­ tects and Architecture in St. Louis and Other Places" (St. Louis, 1957), 9-10. Also World's Fair Bulletin, II (October, 1901), 19. 5 Laws of Missouri, Forty-third General Assembly (Jefferson City, 1905) , 42. 6 Jefferson City Daily Tribune, March 15, and May 5, 1905. T State of Missouri, Official Manual, 1905-1906 (Jefferson City, n.d.), 118. 416 Missouri Historical Review

Governor Joseph Folk headed the Supreme Court Commission which pur­ chased the site for the new building.

Strauss Photo about a year, but who were beginning to make a name for them­ selves in St. Louis.8 La Beaume had studied at the Manual Train­ ing School of Washington University, St. Louis, and in a special architecture program at the School of Mines of Columbia Uni­ versity in New York City. His training also included study abroad in 1900-1901. Before joining the staff of E. L, Masqueray in 1903, he worked for a short time in Boston, In partnership with Mariner, he won contracts, not only for the state supreme court building, but for the buildings on the campus of Lindenwood College near St. Louis. The partnership lasted until 1912, in which year La Beaume joined with Eugene S. Klein to form the distinguished firm of La Beaume and Klein. During a long and successful career, La Beaume was responsible for many notable buildings in St. Louis, including the St. Louis Maternity Hospital, the downtown YMCA aud the St. Louis Municipal Auditorium-9 The winning design for the supreme court building clearly reflected the Beaux Axts classicism that dominated American monu-

8 Jefferson City Daily Tribune, May 9, 1905. 9 John A. Bryan, Missouri's Contribution to American Architecture (St. Louis, 1928K 12L 187, 260, 270. and Who's Who in America (Chicago, l942^ , 1994. Missouri's New Supreme Court Building 417

mental architecture at the turn of the century. Architects trained at the Ecole des Beaux Arts and those who followed their example rejected the nascent modernism of Chicago's skyscrapers and turned to historical models, especially those of the European Renaissance. The Chicago World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 and the St. Louis World's Fair of 1904 provided showcases for the Beaux Arts ideas that formed the basis for the elegant symmetry of La Beaume and Mariner's design. Many of the neoclassical elements and details of the build­ ing are similar to those found in different combinations in facades all over the United States during this period. The building's over­ all geometric shape strongly resembles a design submitted for the Travelers' Protective Association of America building being planned for the St. Louis World's Fair. Although the completed T. P. A. building showed a different design, Louis La Beaume was a mem­ ber of the commission that considered the first plan.10 For the supreme court building, La Beaume settled on a simpler and more direct version of the highly complicated T. P. A. building design. Niccolls Hall at Lindenwood College, built by the firm of La Beaume and Klein, illustrated the architects' continued use of the long block form with two projecting side wings. The elements of design for the supreme court building appeared in a somewhat different form in Niccolls Hall, but the horizontal massing of the two buildings made them recognizably similar.11 10 World's Fair Bulletin, III (March, 1902), 31, and Mark Bennitt, comp., History of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition (St. Louis, 1905), 699. 11 Bryan, Missouri's Contribution, 187.

A View of Jefferson City From the Cole County Courthouse, before Construc­ tion of the New Supreme Court Building 418 Missouri Historical Review

Plans for the supreme court building called for a limestone structure of three stories with a basement. In the basement would be located fireproof vaults for important documents, various store­ rooms, and the heating and lighting plants for the building. Offices for the attorney general and various clerks and officials would be provided on the ground floor. The second story, or main floor of the building, would house court rooms, assembly rooms and the library. Library stacks would occupy a portion of the third floor, along with suites of sleeping quarters, fireplaces and private baths for the judges, who often were not permanent residents of Jefferson City.12 These plans remained substantially unchanged in the sub­ sequent development of the structure. Almost immediately, a serious disparity became evident be­ tween the spacious building envisioned by both the architects and the commission and the budget allocated by the legislature. On accepting the contract for the building, the architects had signed a pledge that the cost of the structure would not exceed $200,000.13 In August 1905, the Jefferson City Daily Tribune reported that all the bids received from contractors for the construction of the building substantially exceeded this amount. The Hill-O'Meara Construction Company of St. Louis submitted the lowest bid, for $90,000 more than the $190,000 appropriated by the general as­ sembly.14 As low bidder, the Hill-O'Meara Company won the contract and was charged with constructing the building "in a plain manner," without unnecessary ornament.15 At the turn of the century, "plainness" was not the fashion in public buildings. Perry S. Rader, clerk of the Missouri Supreme Court, spoke on the need for grandeur in official architecture dur­ ing ceremonies celebrating the cornerstone laying on October 25, 1905. Rader, an accomplished writer and historian, waxed eloquent on the subject of architectural monuments as expressions of the state's dignity and power. Public buildings served not only utili­ tarian, but educational and inspirational purposes, he said. He reasoned, as follows:

The public building is always educative. If it is meanly constructed, small and dingy, when through a long series of years the State is financially able to construct better

12 Jefferson City Daily Tribune, May 12, 1905. 13 Ibid., May 9, 1905. 14 Ibid., August 1, 1905. 15 Ibid., March 10, 1907. Missouri's New Supreme Court Building 419

Perry S. Rader

ones, the people begin to look upon the authority which is housed there with scorn and sneers, and conclude that the state itself does not regard that authority as important. If the building is somewhat expressive of the extraordinary powers which the public functionary is called upon to ex­ ercise, by the slow process of inspiration which comes from the building itself, the mass of the people, and espe­ cially the young, will come to respect and esteem that au­ thority.16 On the subject of the aesthetics of public buildings, he opined, "The people who leave the element of beauty out of the archi­ tecture of public buildings are making a mistake." He continued: So long as the world stands, Solomon's Temple at Jerusa­ lem, the Parthenon at Athens, the Forum at Rome, the Cathedral at Cologne, the Minister at Worms, the fan- shaped effect of the vaulted dome at Westminster Abbey, will influence educated minds in forming their estimation of the civilization of the people that built them. Those

16 Perry S. Rader, "The Need of Public Buildings Commensurate with the Dignity of the State," in Proceedings and Addresses at the Laying of the Corner Stone of the New Supreme Court Building, October 24, 1905 (Jefferson City, n.d) , 39. 420 Missouri Historical Review

buildings were expressions in enduring form of the ideals of the people. They gave voice to those forces which found steadfast lodgment in their minds. He went on to argue that a republic could be defined as "govern­ ment by law," and that the supreme court had the ultimate power to interpret and define that law. The building in which the court was housed, he said, should be expressive of the important mis­ sion of the institution and should, by its monumentality and beauty7, inspire people with respect for the court's authority7.17 The building, under construction in Jefferson City in 1905- 1906, bore no resemblance to the Parthenon, Westminster Abbey, or any of the models invoked in Rader's speech. Its style, variously called "modern monumental" and "late French Renaissance," fol­ lowed the current "Renaissance palace" mode of McKim, Mead, and White, with the French influence of E. L. Masqueray. A drawing of its front elevation in the Jefferson City Daily Tribune and the State of Missouri, Official Manual for 19051906 depicted a symmetrical structure of strong horizontal lines, with a roof of fairly steep pitch, highly decorative cornices, large windows with ornamental moldings rising from the second to the third story, and textured stonework with rusticated window openings at ground level. On each projecting wing of the facade, a pair of engaged Ionic columns, ornamented in the Beaux Arts manner, rose from the second to the third story, emphasizing the windows. According to the description in the Official Manual, the building would be 158' x 112' deep, in the form of a "parallelogram/' and built of hewn stone.18 One glaring difference contrasted the building described in the Official Manual and the completed building. Not primarily of white limestone, or hewn stone, its construction featured red brick. Probably, the substitution of brick for limestone represented an attempt to economize on the construction. However, certain members of the legislature appeared not at all pleased with the substitution. Representative Henry F. Stapel of Atchison County voiced his personal horror in grandiloquent pseudo-Biblical terms: . . . and they went forth at the break of day to behold the beauties of the building, but when they saw it they were amazed, for the appearance thereof was like unto the appearance of an overgrown street car barn, and its beauty

17 Ibid., 37-38. 18 Official Manual, 1905-1906, 118. Missouri's New Supreme Court Building 421

Henry F. Stapel

was like unto the beauty of a snaggle tooth. Indian sqv>aw of seventy-five summers, and it was red,19

StapeFs reference to a "street car barn" may ha*c arisen from the large size of the building combined with the red color, - rhich traditionally has been associated with bains. The "snaggle tooth squaw" simile may have referred to the two sets of engaged columns on the two wings of the facade, which to a prejudiced eye might have suggested a gap-toothed mouth. The use of the word "squaw7" probably derived again from the redness of the building, as well as from racism. StapeFs shocked response to the red color of the structure may have been conditioned by the impression made on him and other Missourians by the pristine whiteness of the buildings at the St. Louis World's Fair. The building proved "red" in more ways than one, Not only red in color, the project appeared "in the red" financially. In March 1907, after completing the building, the contractors de­ manded approximate!)/ $160,000 more than the amount budgeted for the structure. According to the Jefferson City Daily Tribune, on March 10, the construction company did a large amount of

1Q Journal of the House, Mo. 44th Gen, Assun., Extra. Sess. v1907) , 136. 422 Missouri Historical Review work beyond that required in the original contract. The previous March, the commission had authorized additional work in the amount of approximately $40,000. These authorized expenditures allowed for certain necessary furnishings, higher quality plumb­ ing, improved roof construction and skylights. During this same period, the contractors also proposed to add a generator and dynamo for the lighting plant and a large amount of ornamental work, which the commission refused to approve without a special appropriation from the legislature. According to state attorney general Herbert S. Hadley, a member of the commission, the con­ tractors went ahead, on their own accord, installing the generator and dynamo, an electric elevator, and a great deal of purely decorative work, such as granitoid walks and gutters, bronze tab­ lets, plastering, carving, inscriptions, iron work and marble trim­ mings. The cost of this unauthorized construction work amounted to over $118,000. In the opinion of the attorney general, the state was under no legal obligation to pay these extra charges, although the legislature could appropriate money to cover the costs.20

20 Missouri Attorney General, Opinion of the Attorney General Concern­ ing the New Supreme Court Building and Legality and Constitutionality of the Appropriation Therefor, April 20, 1907 (Jefferson City, n.d.) , 9.

Herbert S. Hadley Missouri's New Supreme Court Building 423

The legislature balked at paying these charges. Representa­ tive Stapel suggested, if only for dramatic effect, that the state should have the right to refuse to accept those portions of the building that had been installed without permission. Also, he believed the state could sell the remaining portions of the build­ ing back to the contractors or "to any other person, persons, firm or corporation who may desire to purchase the same and go into business with a full stock of ready made but unfinished supreme court buildings . . . ." As an alternative to this, he offered a mo­ tion to pay the outstanding charges when and if they could be justified by a full and impartial investigation.21 Richard Fourchy, supervising superintendent of construction of public buildings for the United States, came to Jefferson City in March 1907, at the request of the Supreme Court Commission. Governor Folk and the other commissioners authorized him to evaluate the building in terms of its general appearance, workman­ ship and materials, the reasonableness of its cost, the conduct of the architects and contractors, and the propriety of the supple­ mental work done by the contractors. On March 8, he made an oral report to the commission, and on the same date he testified before a joint committee of the house and senate. Four days later, he submitted in writing a preliminary report of his findings and a final report, on March 23. Fourchy found the design of the building to be "eminently appropriate" and in accordance with contemporary standards in public buildings. He confirmed that the architects, Mariner and La Beaume, had done their work in an exemplary manner, in light of the fact that the original appropriation for the building had been totally inadequate "to meet the bare needs of the case." The final cost of the building, $336,500, he found to be reasonable and normal, considering the size and character of the structure. He evaluated the contractors' work as favorable, and recommended that they receive the full amount demanded for their services.22 When the supreme court met in its new building for the first time on October 7, 1907, the dispute with the contractors remained unsettled. The chief justice praised the building as modern and commodious and expressed his gratitude that the important records

21 Journal of the House, Mo. 44th Gen. Assem., Extra. Sess. (1907), 137. 22 Richard Fourchy, Report of Richard Fourchy, Supervising Superintendent of Construction of Public Buildings for the United States as to the Character and Reasonableness of the Additional Work Done by the Hill-O'Meara Con­ struction Company upon the New Supreme Court Building (n.p., n.d.), 12. 4?4 Missouri Historical Revieto of the court now could be housed safely in fireproof vaults, and that the library appeared safe from destruction by fire.23 Two months later, the contractors settled for approximately $15,000 less than the amount demanded, and the state of Missouri became the possessor of the mo?t * discussed aud the most 'cussed' building" in its capital city.24 Less than two years later, problems apparently arose, and the building required substantial alterations and repairs. According to a document in the Missouri State Archives, the state requested bids in 1909 for strengthening the floors in the building, adding metal flues, and making certain alterations in the judges' quarters. William B. Ittner, a prominent St. Louis architect, drew up the specifications for the work. A typescript of his specifications re­ mains in the archives. Additional documentation of the work has been difficult to find.25 Still standing on a promontory across the street from the "new" capitol, the supreme court building is now the oldest of the official state buildings in Jefferson City, except for the executive mansion. Other than new windows, the exterior remains substantially as it appeared in 1907. The monochromatic brickwork, so rudely de­ nounced by Stapel, achieves decorative effects through texturing in geometric patterns that outline and emphasize the large window openings on all three stories of the building. Granite steps lead to the ornamental doorway, with its rhythm of smooth stone blocks and rich relief, capped by carved scroll work, In its massing, the building presents a symmetrical, horizontal form with two projecting side wings, all topped by steeply pitched roofs. The building: sits on a base of rusticated brick, in the tradi­ tional Beaux Arts sense, with the grandiose piano noble26 and attic stories above, These twro upper stories appear united by the tall rectangular outline of the windows, while some separation is achieved by a carved limestone panel which marks the floor level of the attic story. The center mullion of each window ends at the top with a projecting keystone which leads in to a cornice

23 Jefferson City Dailv Tribune, October 9, 1907, 24 (bid., December 21, 1907. 25 W. B. Ittner "Specifications of the materials to he furnished and labor to be performed in the erection ?.nd completion of certain work in the Supreme Court Building, Jefferson City, property of the State of Missouri," in papers of the Board of the Fe^mnnent Seat of Government. Missouri State Archives, J

27 Arthur Drexler, The Architecture of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts (New York, 1977), 431. 28 Rader, "Public Buildings," 39. Missouri's New Supreme Court Building 427 a stateliness and dignity that clearly express respect for the high court's authority. The stone trimming at the eave line bears this appropriate inscription: The Law It has honored us May we honor it.

A Soft Answer

Reedy's Mirror, March 10, 1916. The ocean liner was rolling like a chip, but as usual in such instances one passenger was aggressively, disgustingly healthy. "Sick, eh?" he remarked to a pale-green person who was leaning on the rail. The pale-green person regarded the healthy one with all the scorn he could muster. "Sick nothing!" "I'm just hanging over the front of the boat to see how the captain cranks it!"

Hints for Housewives

Aurora Pride of the West and Western Progress, February 15, 1905. The ashes of potato peelings are said to banish cockroaches. Lamp wicks soaked in vinegar before using will give a clearer flame and a steadier light. To make glue take a piece of cold, boiled potato and rub on a piece of paper with your fingers for five minutes.

A Little Country

Missouri Republican, January, 1984. Anyone who knows Gov. Kit Bond's taste in music knows he is a big fan of country music. Having said that, we learned that recently young Sam Bond, 3, the Governor's only child, entered nursery school. Gov. Bond, curious as to how his son was doing with the other children, asked young Sam, "What did you do today in school, Sam?" "Sang"—was the one word response. "What did you sing, Sam?" "Songs," said Sam. "Well what did the children sing?" the Governor inquired. Sam mustered more than a one word answer this time. "They sang Mary Had A Little Lamb—but I sang Elvira." Union Soldiers Pillaging "Life Is Uncertain . . . " Wilkrd Hall Mendenliall's 1862 Civil War Diary Part I EDITED BY MARGARET MENDENHALL FRAZIER AND JAMES W. GOODRICH*

On January 1, 1862, Willard Hall Mendenhall, a thirty-year- old carriage maker and farmer, who resided a short distance from Lexington, Missouri, began a diary. His first entry focused on a central issue of the time: At present our Government is engaged in a civil war. I know not huw long my life will be spared to record the transactions of each day, life is uncertain in peaceable times, very unsafe now.1

* Margaret Mendenhall Frazier, the great-granddaughter of Willard Hall Mendenhall, is a graduate of George Washington University, Washington, D.C. She was employed as a mathematician with the University of California Radia­ tion Laboratory, and she taught mathematics and computer programming at San Ramon Valley High School, Danville, California, from 1966 until June 1983. James W. Goodrich is the associate director of the State Historical Society of Missouri and an associate editor of the MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW. He received his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in American History from the University of Missouri-Columbia. 1 William Hall Mendenhall Diary, January 1, 1862, Margaret Mendenhall Frazier Collection, Danville, California. Mendenhall Diary 429

Life was unsafe, indeed, especially for a pro-Southern non- combatant which Mendenhall happened to be. Nevertheless, he decided to remain in Lafayette County, and, in so doing, to re­ cord his observations of events and personalities affecting him, his family, his relatives, his friends and acquaintances. Belatedly beginning his diary on New Year's Day 1862, he continued to faithfully record each succeeding day's happenings for that year, most of the next year and a portion of 1864. The lack of abundant primary source material for the war years in Lafayette County makes these diaries a unique documen­ tary. Mendenhall's writings provide a revealing account of the ravages of civil war upon the population in west central Missouri. Regardless of allegiances to the Union or the Confederacy, Lafay­ ette Countians and their neighbors faced harrassmeiit, confiscation, looting, burning and killing throughout the traumatic war years. Mendenhall wrote over 780 entries in four diaries,2 which are now in the possession of his grandson, William K. Mendenhall, a retired rear admiral of the United States Navy, and his grandson's daughter, Margaret Mendenhall frazier. Besides the troubles he and others encountered because of the war, Willard Mendenhall also included in his diaries the details of his farming enterprise. He farmed some twelve acres outright3 and probably rented addi­ tional farmland. With the help of his wife and hired hands, his agricultural pursuits proved successful during the years 1862-1864, and that despite the fickleness of weather and the "borrowing" by Union and Confederate troops. Mendenhall dutifully recorded prac­ tically every step of his farming operation. His diary entries show that his family, at least, did not suffer from want of food. However, because of his pro-Southern beliefs and the fact that he was con­ sidered "disloyal," Mendenhall's carriage-making business suffered appreciably. Perhaps that explains why his writings on this subject were minimal. Mendenhall's diary also included comments about the health of his family. By doing this, he added to the value of his entries since they provide important observations on how a family com-

2 Mendenhall made 363 entries for 1862, 285 entries tor 1863, and 133 entries for 1864. The diary was kept in tuur books. Besides the entries previ­ ously mentioned, some notations for earlier years illustrate that Mendenhall had attempted to start a diary before 1862. In addition, there are family ledger accounts, plus the accounts of the Lexington Thespian Society, when Mendenhall served as that organization's treasurer (1856-1858) . 3 See Recorder of Deeds, Record Book F, No. 1, 421, Laiayette County Courthouse, Lexington, Missouri. 430 Missouri Historical Review bated injuries and illness. Regardless of the afflictions, Mendenhall wrote down the remedies used to counter them. Willard Hall Mendenhall was born on January 6, 1832, in Wilmington, Delaware, the third of six children born to William Augustus and Anna Stidham Mendenhall. Willard's father had been the editor and publisher of the Wilmington Delaware Ad­ vertiser and Farmers Journal, which he had sold a month previous to Willard's birth. Citing his wish to pursue a more active life than that of a newspaper editor, William Augustus Mendenhall became clerk of the Delaware federal court, a position he held until 1840. Considered one of the prominent men of Wilmington, he also was a founder, a secretary and original stockholder of the Delaware Fire Insurance Company, and a charter member of the Wilmington Savings Fund, an organization that invested and loaned its assets to the people and businesses of the community.4 Apparently Willard's father died in 1840, and the remaining members of the family left Delaware. Sometime before 1850 Willard learned the carriage-maker trade. In 1850 he worked at this occupation in Camden, New Jersey.5 Two years later the young bachelor emigrated to Missouri and settled in Lexington, the county seat of Lafayette.6 The possibility of starting a successful carriage-making busi­ ness in Lexington probably prompted Willard to settle there. When he arrived in 1852, he found a flourishing business community, a trade and educational center, and a county seat town with all the attendant trappings. Settlers, like Mendenhall, had come to start new businesses or to farm nearby land. Steamboats, often twenty to thirty a day, docked at the Missouri River town's levee to un­ load passengers and goods destined for the western frontier. Dur­ ing the travel seasons, western emigrants arrived daily and out­ fitted . themselves at Lexington businesses. The river town also was noted as a freighting depot and merchandising center.7 Years later, the writer of a souvenir booklet about Lexington unabashedly proclaimed that "in the decade of 1850 to 1860, Lexington had the greatest warehouses, wholesale houses, packing houses, 'rope- walks' ... [it was] the richest and best city on the entire Missouri

4 Mendenhall Family Records, Frazier Collection; J. Thomas Scharf, His­ tory of Delaware 1609-1888 (Philadelphia, 1888), I, 526, 681, 683. 5 U.S. Census, 7th Report, 1850, "Camden County, New Jersey." 6 Mendenhall Diary, January 7, 1862. 7 For brief histories of Lexington see Katherine Wilson Sellers, Flistorical Glimpses of Lexington (Lexington, Mo., 1980) , and Lexington, Missouri Ses- quicentennial, 1822-1972 (Lexington, Mo., 1972). Mendenhall Diary 431

River."8 A young, hardworking carriage maker might ^expect to make a comfortable living, and Mendenhall set out to do so. He eventually formed a partnership with David Russell; and, in 1857, they purchased a lot and building on Poplar Street for $1,507, where "Mendenhall & Russell Carriagemakers" started business.9 In 1860, Lexington's population totaled 3,415 whites, 12 free blacks and 695 slaves.10 A gazetteer and business directory for that year inflated the population to 5,200, but it also provided a more realistic sketch of the town: The city contains several fine churches . . . two Odd Fellows' Lodges . . . The [A.] F. and A. M. [Ancient Free and Accepted Masons] have the Lafayette Lodge, No. 37; Lexington, [A.F. and A.M.] No. 149, a Chapter and Encampment. . . . The chief productions [of the county] are hemp, wheat, corn and tobacco. Its timber oak, walnut and hickory. Coal is also found in large quantities. Uncul­ tivated land is worth $5 per acre, and cultivated from $10 to $100.n Besides working at his business, Mendenhall found time to enjoy some of the fraternal and social organizations in Lexington. He became a member of the Masonic Lodge No. 149, and a Knight of Malta. He also joined the Lexington Thespian Society and served as its treasurer for three years, 1856-1858.12 The year, 1858, proved to be very important in Mendenhall's life. Sometime in 1857 or 1858 he had met Mary Margaret Kava- naugh, the daughter of Dr. Benjamin T. Kavanaugh, a physician and minister for the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Reverend Kavanaugh had been assigned to preach in Lexington in 1857. Eight years earlier he had preached in St. Louis, beginning a stint there that lasted for six-and-a-half years. For a brief period he served as the editor of the St. Louis Christian Advocate. Besides these religious duties Kavanaugh also practiced medicine and taught in the University of Missouri's medical department.13

8 A Pictorial Souvenir of Lexington, Missouri (Lexington, Mo., 1912), 31. 9 Recorder of Deeds, Record Book C, No. 1, 221, Lafayette Co. Courthouse. 10 Joseph G. C. Kennedy, Population of the United Slates in 1860; Compiled from the Original Returns of the Eighth Census (Washington, D.C., 1864), 293. Lafayette County's population was: 13,688 whites, 36 free blacks, and 6,374 slaves. See ibid., 286. 11 The Missouri State Gazetteer and Business Directory (St. Louis, 1860), 159. 12 Mendenhall Diary, September 24, 1862; Lexington Thespian Society accounts included in the volume with the 1863 Diary. 13 A. H. Redford, Life and Times of H. H. Kavanaugh, D. D. (Nashville, Tenn., 1884), 58. 432 Missouri Historical Review

Willard Hall Mendenhall at the Age of Twenty-Five

Mendenhall and Mary Kavanaugh were united in marriage by her father on June 1, 1858.14 The newly weds may have lived with the Kavanaughs for a few months. In 1859, however, the couple purchased, in Mary's name, some twelve acres of land from Henry Wallace and his wife, and began farming the land situated a mile or two south of Lexington.15 Mendenhall divided his working hours between the carriage business and farming. Hired men helped him in both enterprises and he also employed a woman or two to assist his wife with household chores. Overall, the young couple appeared to enjoy a comfortable life. Their happiness naturally increased when their first child, William (nicknamed Willie) was born on March 6, 1859.16 Slightly more than a year later, Mary Margaret Mendenhall was pregnant again.

14 Mendenhall Family Bible, Frazier Collection. 15 Recorder of J)eeds, Record Book C, No. 1, 221; ibid., Book F, No. I, 421, Lafayette Co. Courthouse. 16 Mendenhall Family Records. Mendenhall Diary 433

The late 1850s, however, did not leave Willard Mendenhall without worry. He realized that the ongoing disagreements over slavery and states' rights had been moving the nation toward a possible civil war. The troubles in Kansas over the slavery issue had been prevalent for some time, causing Free-Soilers and pro- slavery factions to clash repeatedly. Nearer to home, the slavery question had provoked heated discussions among Lafayette Coun- tians. The vocal slaveholders in the county had sponsored a pro- slavery convention in 1855,17 and they continued to espouse their cause as the decade of the 1850s drew to a close. To what degree Mendenhall participated in the disputes remains unknown. How­ ever, he found himself in a dilemma as he wanted to remain loyal to the Union but he also believed in the institution of slavery, even though he owned no slaves.18 When civil war became a reality and Missouri remained in the Union, Mendenhall finally made a choice. Early in the war his business partner apparently moved to St. Louis and his father-in- law had joined Sterling Price's Confederate army as a chaplain and as one of its surgeons.19 Mendenhall could have joined the same army as a soldier, but he chose not to do so. Instead, after much deliberation, he decided to remain at home to provide pro­ tection and comfort to his family and to see to his business. He would not bear arms nor would he side with the Union. Menden­ hall expressed these early intentions in the September 24, 1862 entry in his diary. He recalled that: "I will stay at home .... guard my tongue .... abide by the laws .... make no private enemies." As he remained committed to the institution of slavery and states' rights, he became known as a "disloyal" Southern sympathizer. Events justified Mendenhall becoming increasingly alarmed by his residence in Lafayette County. In early May 1861, Unionists and pro-Southerners clashed in Lexington. Days later, JO Shelby, the hemp manufacturer from Waverly, arrived in the Lafayette County seat and recruited a company of rebel cavalry. Hiram Bledsoe, a Lafayette Countian, persuaded a number of his pro- Southern friends to join his battery of Confederate artillery. Union-

17 Liberty Weekly Tribune, July 20, 1855. 18 Mendenhall's name does not appear as a slave owner in the U.S. Census, 8th Report, 1860, Slave Schedule, "Lafayette County, Missouri." Throughout his diary Mendenhall refers to hiring workers or slaves owned by his friends. 19 Redford, Life and Times of H. H. Kavanaugh, 59; Mendenhall Diary, January 2, 1862, April 22, 28, May 7, 1863. 434 Missouri Historical Review

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This advertisement for Mendenhall's carriage business appeared in the Lexington Weekly- Express, June 28, 1860. ists also began to organize and formed two companies of troops in June. Then, on July 9, Union Colonel Charles Stifel and his company of German-Americans docked at the levee after a steam­ boat trip from St. Louis. These troops were replaced in early September by Colonel James Mulligans Irish Brigade, in anticipa­ tion of a battle being fought at Lexington.20 In late August, Confederate forces under Sterling Price had moved toward Lexington from Southwest Missouri after a victory

20 Sellers, Historical Glimpses of Lexington, 28-29; History of Lafayette County, Missouri (St. Louis, 1881), 285. Mendenhall Diary 435 at Wilson's Creek and a brief stay at Springfield. Determined to bring Missouri under Confederate control, Price believed that the occupation of Lexington would help achieve his goal and rally more Missourians to fight for the rebel cause. The advance elements of Price's army bivouacked south of Lex­ ington on September 11. The next day minor skirmishes between the contending forces occurred south and west of the town. Men­ denhall watched a fight take place only a short distance from his home.21 More rebel troops in Price's command arrived in succeeding days, giving him an even greater numerical edge over the 3,500 Union troops under Mulligan. The Confederate general deployed the new arrivals around Lexington and waited for his ammunition train. On September 18, the battle and siege of Lexington began in earnest, with Price having some 10,000 Confederates at his command. The outnumbered Federals fought gallantly but Price's su­ perior force soon wore them down. Short on ammunition and aware that reinforcements were not forthcoming, Mulligan surrendered on September 20. After several days of fighting, at times intense, the Confederates occupied Lexington. Included in the spoils were 215 horses, 100 wagons, 3,000 muskets and five pieces of artillery. Price had secured his objective but his victory was short-lived. He was forced to withdraw because of converging Union armies.22 The remainder of the Civil War years usually found Union soldiers or militia in control of Lexington and patrolling Lafayette County. However, the horror of the war, more often than not, came from the cruel consequences of irregular or guerrilla warfare. Pro-Southern Lafayette County residents, including Mendenhall, faced fires, incarcerations, confiscations, ridicule and occasionally death. Unionists, in turn, could be the victims of looting, fire and murder. The infamous guerrilla, William Quantrill, for instance, often headquartered in Lafayette County. No one was safe during these perilous times. Mendenhall certainly was no exception but he managed to stay alive and to provide for his family. His family very early faced financial hardship because of his adherence to

21 Mendenhall Diary, September 11, 1862. 22 For the Battle of Lexington in 1861, see Albert Castel, General Sterling Price and the Civil War in the West (Baton Rouge, La., 1968) , 48-65; Jay Monaghan, Civil War on the Western Border (New York, 1955), 182-194. 436 Missouri Historical Review the cause of the Confederacy. His carriage-making business for all intents and purposes had ceased. Another burden, unrelated to the war, came to him and his wife in the death of their second child. Franklin Hubbard Mendenhall had been born on January 26, 1861, and lived only until June 15, of that year.23 The worry and uncertainty of civilian life under these circumstances stand out in daily entries. Anticipating that Mendenhall's entire diary will be edited and annotated in a forthcoming monograph, the editors have selected only passages that primarily depict the hardships and sufferings encountered in 1862 by Mendenhall and other Lafayette Countians. His comments about events occurring in areas other than Lafayette and its neighboring counties, for the most part, have been omitted. His daily remarks about the weather also have been deleted. Mendenhall's entries include numerous misspelled words and names. The editors have substituted the correct spellings when­ ever possible. Punctuation has been standardized and added when appropriate. Brackets set off words or names inserted by the editors. Ellipses are used where words or statements have been omitted from the entries. Dates for the entries also have been standardized. Selections from the first six months of the 1862 diary follow. Se­ lected entries for the last six months of 1862 will appear in the next issue of the REVIEW.

Lexington, Missouri Wednesday, January 1, 1862. This book was bought Jan. 1st, 1859. I have made three attempts to keep an acct. of each day's transactions, and failed. I will try once more to use this book. I will alter the date. I will also make some change in the cash acts, of Jan and Feb, also in the bills Rec'ble a/ct in order to use this book. The members of our family at present are my wife [Mollie], and son (William Kavanaugh Men­ denhall), my Mother, my wife's Mother, (Mrs. M. Kavanaugh) and my wife's sister (Julia Fannie Kavanaugh), hired family Wm.

23 Mendenhall Family Records. Mendenhall Diary 437

Burk, (farm hand), Celia, kitchen servant, she belongs to Mr. [Sanford] Garner of Independence, staying with us for a short time, Caroline our servant.24 She does the rough work about the house. At present our Government is engaged in a Civil War, I know not how long my life will be spared to record the trans­ actions of each day. Life is uncertain in peaceable times, very unsafe now.

Friday, January 3. .... Wm. [Burk] ditched the meadow today. I am reading mother's book, J. Lothrop [Motley's] the Dutch Republic; it is a very inter­ esting work. Mollie is reading [Julius] Caesar. We bought two very fine turkeys a few days ago, one of them disappeared very mysteri­ ously this morning. This day is my sister Susan's birthday, she is 27 years of age and has been married one year and twenty-eight days.25 We heard from Gen. [Sterling] Price's army today. They were at Springfield in good health, 30,000 men.26

Tuesday, January 7. .... This is my thirtieth birthday, I can scarcely realize that I am thirty years old. I feel ashamed that so much of my life has passed away and I have accomplished so little good. In March next I will be in Missouri ten years. Nothing of interest has transpired to­ day. Wm. [Burk] has been chopping in the woods. He sowed blue grass seed in the front yard. I have been at home all day, at work on my books. . . .

24 Throughout the diary, Mendenhall refers to his wife as "Mollie." In addition to the members of the Kavanaugh family living with Mendenhall at the time he began his diary, other relatives of his wife lived nearby. C. B. Kavanaugh, age thirty-nine, for example, was a merchant in Lexington, operat­ ing a shoe and boot store on Main Street. Kavanaugh was married and the father of four young children. In 1860 William L. Kavanaugh worked for him as a clerk in the store. See Mo. State Gazetteer & Business Directory (1860), 162; U.S. Census, 8th Report, 1860, "Lafayette County, Missouri." In neighboring Saline County lived another relative, D. C. Kavanaugh. Kavanaugh's wife and six children lived with him, as well as two teenage girls also named Kavanaugh. See Elizabeth Prather Ellsberry, 1860 Federal Census for Saline County, Mis­ souri (n.p., n.d.) , 33. Mendenhall's kitchen servant probably was hired from Sanford Garner, a Jackson County farmer who lived in Independence. See Hattie Poppino, comp., Census of 1860: Population Schedules for Jackson County, Missouri (n.p., n.d.) , 85. 25 Mendenhall was reading John Lothrop Motley's The Rise of the Dutch Republic, published by Harper and Brothers, of New York, in 1855. The three-volume work went through numerous printings and editions. Mendenhall refers to his younger sister, Susan Zane Black, who lived in Illinois. See Menden­ hall Family Records. 26 General Sterling Price and his Confederate army had taken up winter quarters at Springfield in late December. See Castel, General Sterling Price, 64. 438 Missouri Historical Review

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Mendenhall's First Entry in His 1862 Diary

Thursday, January 9. .... I finished posting my books today. Made off a few accounts. Went to town to collect them. When I reached the edge of town I heard that the Federal soldiers was in Old Town coming in [New] Town,27 so I returned home. This evening I learned from Mr. Geo. W. Baker28 that they were in Town and that every street and avenue to the town was guarded. They was taking quarters in the vacant houses. Baker said that the Commander was Col. [George W.] Deitzler,29 and that he was more of a gentleman than some that have been in this part of the country. Wm. [Burk] has been cutting wood all day. ... Friday, January 10. .... I stayed home all day, reading and writing. Wm. [Burk] went to town. Our old sow had ten fine pigs last night, found one

27 Old Town refers to the original plat for Lexington that was recorded on April 22, 1822. The New Town of Lexington extended from Old Town west to the Missouri River. It was laid out in 1836. See Lexington, Mo., Sesquicen- tennial, 4-5. 28 Mendenhall refers to George W. Baker, a farmer who lived in Lexington Township. In 1860 he owned forty-seven slaves. See U.S. Census, 8th Report, 1860, "Lafayette Co."; ibid., Slave Schedule, "Lafayette Co." Unless noted other­ wise, all townships mentioned in succeeding citations are located in Lafavettc County. 29 Mendenhall refers to Colonel George W. Deitzler, a Pennsylvanian, who had settled in Kansas. On June 5, 1861, he was a colonel with the First Kansas Volunteer Infantry. He attained the rank of brigadier-general of the volunteers on November 29, 1862. Some of Deitzler's military activities are reported in Monaghan, Civil War on the Western Border, 323, 326-328, 330, 334, 335. Mendenhall Diary 439 of them dead this morning. Wm. came from town this evening, told me that the soldiers had broken in my shop and taken the stove pipes. He did not know what else they had taken, they have quartered in the churches and other buildings. . . . Monday, January 13. .... I started to town this morning when I reached Dr. [William] McClure's30 I heard a rumbling noise like the sound of many wagons, in a short time I found it was a train of army wagons accompanied by a file of men armed. They went out as far as the Wallace haystacks, took the fence down, drove all the teams in. I thought they would take all they had left to live on this winter. Henry Wallace31 by some means talked them out of taking more than three loads of hay. Nine teams went on, in a few hours the nine teams came back loaded with corn, and hay, with two farm wagons loaded with meat, and seven horses tied behind their wagons. . . . We are very much afraid the soldiers will get our mules. Tuesday, January 14. .... I went to town in the morning, stayed all day. Not much news. The scout went out in the country and brought prisoners in with them by the name of Pool.32 Said to be the same name of the man that shot one of their men as they were coming in here. The soldiers have been searching nearly all the houses in town, taking guns, pistols, sugar, coffee, flour, nuts and anything they could get. . . . Snow fell about six inches deep. ... Wednesday, January 15. .... I spent the day in town. Soldiers doing as usual. Several negroes that ran away and sought protection from their masters with the soldiers were given up to those owners today by order of Col. Dietzler. Mr. C. W. Pomeroy's33 carriage house was burned

30 Mendenhall refers to William McClure who lived on his farm in Lex­ ington Township. He and his wife were the parents of four children. See U.S. Census, 8th Report, I860, "Lafayette Co." 31 Mendenhall refers to his neighbor, Henry C. Wallace. The Kentucky- born Wallace was seventy years old in 1862. He, his wife and two daughters lived on the family farm. His son, Curtis, served in the Confederate army. See Hist, of Lafayette Co., 622-623. In 1860 Wallace owned ten slaves. See U.S. Cen­ sus, 8th Report, 1860, Slave Schedule, "Lafayette Co." 32 Mendenhall probably refers to relatives of Dave Pool, a prominent rebel guerrilla leader. After the Civil War, Pool returned to Lexington. Pool's ex­ ploits appear in Richard S. Brownlee's Gray Ghosts of the Confederacy: Guerrilla Warfare in the West, 1861-1865 (Baton Rouge, La., 1958) . 33 Mendenhall refers to C. W. Pomeroy, a wealthy farmer who lived in Lexington. He owned seven slaves in 1860. See U.S. Census, 8th Report, 1860, "Lafayette Co."; ibid., Slave Schedule, "Lafayette Co." 440 Missouri Historical Review

A Foraging Party Leaves Camp today. The soldier that was shot a few days ago died last night and was buried with the honors of war today. Wm. [Burk] has been cleaning the ice pond off and cutting wood. There is splendid sleighing now but no one enjoys it. This is a reign of terror. [Charles] Jennison's [Kansas] regiment34 is in the neighborhood. I am told they have burned two hundred private residences and shot several men.

Saturday, January 18. Cloudy and misting all day. Wm. [Burk] and I cut ice until 10 A.M. Then I went to town. Wm. hauled up what ice there was cut. Ice is ten inches thick, very clear except one inch on the surface, of snow. The ice house is two thirds full. The troops sent out twenty-three wagons today. They returned all full. I think the country out this road must be destitute. Early in the summer 3,500 soldiers subsisted off the southern men here. Then Gen. Price's army came in in September, stayed about two weeks. They ate up large amounts and burned nearly all the fences around their campgrounds, since then several squads of men 200 to 3,000 men all the time here.

34 Mendenhall refers to Colonel Charles R. Jennison and his Seventh Kan­ sas Volunteer Cavalry. Jennison and his men evoked fear and hatred in many Missourians who lived in the western counties. Known as Jayhawkers and Red Legs, this body of men looted, burned out and killed Missourians suspected or known to be "secessionists." The actions of Jennison and his men outraged both Missouri Unionists and Southern sympathizers. See William E. Parrish, Turbulent Partnership: Missouri and the Union 1861-1865 (Columbia, Mo., 1963), 84-86; David D. March, The History of Missouri (New York, 1967), II, 917-918. Mendenhall Diary 441

Monday, January 20. .... Wm. [Burk] and I cut ice until about 11 o'clock A.M. Then I went to town. The cavalry, about thirty, came in from the country with Martin Slaughter35 prisoner. The cavalry went out in the night. Today twenty-three wagons went out foraging, returned all loaded. ... A newspaper made its appearance in town this morn­ ing, printed there by the soldiers, called the Kansas 1st, it gives no news except what they make. Wednesday, January 22. I sold 5 lb of butter at 20 cents. ... I went in to town stayed until two o'clock P.M. I called on Mrs. [Lucinda] Henderson.36 She is very angry at the way the soldiers are conducting themselves here. They have levied a tax on the secessionist of this military post. They are classed off. First class seccessionist pay $20—second class $10 etc. What the money is for I do not know. It appears to me they are determined to take everything out of this country. Everything, but money, they send a file of soldiers and take it. For money they levy a tax. If not paid the next day you are cast in prison. Would Louis Napoleon37 eschew such an edict? They talk of supporting the constitution, and violate it in its form. Wm. [Burk] has been cutting wood and hauled one load of coal. Thursday, January 23. .... I went to town stayed one or two hours. The soldiers have opened my shop and stolen my stove and pipe. They went in my blacksmith shop used my material, bolts, etc. I heard that the Provost Marshal had said that they would return all the money they had received on the tax they levied on secessionist. Their teams did not go out today.. .. Thursday, January 30. .... I stayed at home all day. . . . Wm. [Burk] hauled fifteen Bu. coal and three loads manure. Those that have sleighs are enjoying this fine snow. The roads are covered with one inch of ice and

35 Mendenhall refers to Martin Slaughter, a farmer who lived in Clay Township. The Virginian settled in Lafayette County in 1844. He owned seven slaves in 1860. See U.S. Census, 8th Report, 1860, "Lafayette Co."; ibid., Slave Schedule, "Lafayette Co." 36 Mendenhall refers to Lucinda Henderson, the wife of R. M. Henderson. See U.S. Census, 8th Report, 1860, "Lafayette Co."; Hist, of Lafayette Co., 288, 330. 37 Mendenhall refers to Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon III) , v/ho in 1853 became the emporer of France. His attempt to establish an em­ pire in Mexico during 1862-1866 proved a failure. 442 Missouri Historical Review about one inch snow on that. We are quiet at present and no soldiers in town of any party. Miss Nancy Pitcher88 tells us of horrible deeds committed by Col. Jennison's Regiment in Jackson county. Several of her relations have had their houses burned by them, their negroes, horses and everything they had taken from them. They have taken the lives of boys ten years old. They went in the house of David Porter.39 His daughter was sick in bed. They stripped the clothes off the bed, stole what they wanted and set fire to the house.

Tuesday, February 11. This is a beautiful day, I walked out home to breakfast. At sun­ rise the birds were singing like on a spring morning. I went back to town expecting to see the Fed's come in, and they did come. About 9 A.M. thirty cavalry came dashing down Main Street with W. Bo wen40 at the head with the Capt. They went to the house of Wm. Allen,41 surrounded it, and searched for him but he had gone. In a short time they all came in, the infantry and four pieces of artillery. Camped in Old Town at [the Elizabeth Aull Female?] seminary and houses adjoining. . . .

Thursday, February 13. .... Mollie[,] Julia & I went to Mr. [Silas] Silver's42 funeral. . . . The funeral was quite large. Mr. Silver was a strong Union man. There was about as many Secessionists at his funeral as Union men. As Mollie and I were going home we met a number of sol-

38 Mendenhall refers to Nancy Pitcher, the daughter of James M. Pitcher, a slaveowner from Independence. See U.S. Census, 8th Report, 1860, "Jackson County, Missouri." 39 Mendenhall refers to David J. Porter, an Independence grocer. Porter, his wife and their six children had all been born in Kentucky. In 1860, Porter owned two slaves. See Poppino, comp., Census of 1860 . . . Jackson Co., 192. 40 Mendenhall probably refers to William H. Bowen, a plasterer who lived in Lexington. Bowen became a member of the Enrolled Missouri Militia in 1862, and, in 1865, he was appointed the county clerk for Lafayette Countv. See U.S. Census, 8th Report, 1860, "Lafayette Co."; Hist, of Lafayette Co., 288, 294. 41 Mendenhall refers to William Allen who lived in Lexington. A forty- two-year-old brickmaker, originally from Tennessee, Allen and his wife were the parents of three children. See U.S. Census, 8th Report, 1860, "Lafayette Co." 42 Mendenhall refers to Silas Silver who died on February 8. Born in Maryland in 1805, Silver was residing in Lexington by the 1840s. In 1847 he was appointed as one of the commissioners to oversee the construction of a new Lafayette County courthouse. The Liberty Tribune of February 21, 1862, carried his obituary and called Silver a "prominent and highly esteemed citi­ zen." See U.S. Census, 8th Report, 1860, "Lafayette Co."; Hist, of Lafayette Co., 435. Mendenhall Diary 443

diers and learned that they was from Col. Jennison's command of Jayhawkers (thieves). A short time after I arrived home two of them came to the door and pounded. I went to the door, I found they was soldiers. One of them demanded in a very boisterous manner the guns and revolvers I had in the house and said that he had been told that I was a secession [ist] capt. and that I was recruiting, etc. I waited until he got through talking, then told him that I had no guns in the house. He did not appear satisfied until I told him to search the house (that was what he wanted, so they could scatter over the house and steal). One went up the stairs in Mollie's room while she was dressing, went straight to to the bed threw the clothes down, then went to the wardrobe and drawers and threw the things about. By this time they found they did not alarm anyone. They took a bottle of wine out of their pocket, called for a glass, drank it and left us. I had a pistol hanging on the bureau. Mollie at first thought to put it under the pillow, she then thought they would go there and look, she buckled it under her dress.

Friday, February 14. .... I walked in town. Last night [Casper] Gruber's warehouse, [George] Matt's Hotel and another warehouse was consumed by fire.43 No one can tell the cause of the fire, it caught in the house that was not occupied. . . . Before I went to town 1 thought I would go to Col. [John D.] Stevenson44 and inform him how these men had acted at my house. I had not been in town long before a great number of my acquaintances came in with complaints of outrageous depredations. At Mr. Sam'l Sawyer's45 they robbed them of bed clothing, all of his clothing, several bottles of wine, their horse, etc, and threatened to shoot Mrs. Sawyer if she followed them

43 Mendenhall refers to Casper Gruber's warehouse. Gruber was a whole­ sale grocer, forwarding and commission merchant and steamboat agent. He operated a grocery store and coal business on the levee. George Matt also operated a grocery store on the levee and he was the proprietor of the Wash­ ington House, a hotel on the levee. The other warehouse has not been identi­ fied. For Gruber and Matt see Mo. State Gazetteer & Business Dir. (1860), 162.164. 44 Mendenhall probably refers to Colonel John D. Stevenson of the Seventh Missouri Infantry. See Francis B. Heitman, Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army (Washington, D.C., 1903) , 923. 45 Mendenhall refers to Samuel L. Sawyer, a lawyer and farmer. In 1860 Sawyer lived with his wife and four children in Lexington Township. An overseer named Dan King lived with the Sawyers. Sawyer owned seven slaves in 1860. See U.S. Census, 8th Report, 1860, "Lafayette Co."; ibid., Slave Schedule, "Lafayette Co." 444 Missouri Historical Review about the house. At Mr. Thos. Callaway's46 they demanded his money with their guns pointed at him, took many things there, threw his surveyor's compass in the fire. Went to John Ewing's,47 broke their furniture, took his and his wife's clothes, then set the house on fire. At Thos. Shields's48 (they have nearly everything taken from them) they looked at their piano, said that they had broken many of them since they left Independence. They must thank them if they did not break theirs. They forced Mrs. [Susan] Trigg49 to play for them while they danced, as they left the house one of the men remarked to Mrs. Thos. Shields, (who is quite a fine looking young woman) that he liked her looks and would come back that night and stay with her. At Col. [Caleb] Bellis's50 they took his horse, gold watch, some money. I do not know how much, and abused his wife shamefully, felt of her person, and using insulting language. The outrages are too numerous to write. I heard that Col. Stevenson had them put under arrest, he ap­ pears to try and do what is right, as far as keeping his men in order is concerned. After the men took all that they wanted from Col. Bellis they scattered them about the room and set it on fire. Thos. Callaway told me that one of the men approached him pulled his watch out of his pocket and left the place he has not heard of it since.

Wednesday, February 19. .... A few soldiers of Col. Stevenson's command went to Doc. [William] Bulware's51 home and stole several of his fine chickens. He heard of it and met them with the chickens and demanded them. They resisted and cut at him several times with a knife. Doc drew7 his pistol and shot him in the neck. Did not kill him.

46 Mendenhall refers to Thomas Callaway (Calloway) , an elderly farmer who lived with his wife in Lexington Township. See U.S. Census, 8th Report, 1860, "Lafayette Co." 47 Mendenhall probably refers to J. H. Ewing, a farmer who lived with his wife and two children in Washington Township. See ibid. 48 Mendenhall refers to Thomas W. Shields a young farmer who lived in Lexington township. Shields and his wife, Lizzie, were born in Virginia. See ibid. 49 Mendenhall probably refers to Susan Trigg, the wife of Will K. Trigg. They were neighbors of the Shields. See ibid. 50 Mendenhall refers to Caleb T. Bellis and his wife, Abigail. Bellis farmed in Lexington Township and owned eight slaves in 1860. See ibid, and ibid., Slave Schedule, "Lafayette Co." 51 Mendenhall refers to William P. Bouhvare, a Virginia-born physician. In 1860, Bouhvare, his wife and two servant girls resided in Lexington. Doctor Boulware owned one slave in 1860. See Ibid. Mendenhall Diary 445

Friday, February 21. .... The news from the southern army is very discouraging. The newspapers state that Gen. Price has retreated to Arkansas.52 Doc Bulware is released. . . . Monday, March 3. .... Last night was very cold for this season of the year. Saturday evening about forty of the cavalry returned bringing three prisoners. I went to town, stayed one hour. It was cold and disagreeable. No news of importance. I heard that Col. Stevenson had a guard placed around the Episcopal Church yesterday and would not let Mr. [G. K.] Dunlop53 (the preacher) have service because he omitted "the President of the United States" in his prayer. . . . Wednesday, March 12. .... I went to town in the morning. The soldiers were preparing to bury one of their men who was shot in a skirmish yesterday. On Monday a squad of about forty cavalry went out twenty miles

52 General Sterling Price's army began its retreat from Springfield, into Arkansas, on February 12. Some 7,000 men were in his command. Constant skirmishing occurred between Price's troops and the advance guard of General Samuel Curtis's command. The Confederates reached safety when thev arrived at Cross Hollows, Arkansas, on February 17. See Castel, Gen. Sterling Price, 165. 53 Mendenhall refers to. Rev. G. K. Dunlop, an Irishman who served as the rector of the Lexington Episcopal Church. See Hist of Lafayette Co., 443.

Lexington in the Mid-1800s 446 Missouri Historical Review for some prisoners. When they arrived at the house, the men fired at the Fed's killing one on the spot and seriously wounding four besides injuring their horses. The Fed's finally returned after the men made their escape, they brought an old man in prisoner with a bullet hole through his arm, he owned the house these men were in but he did not sanction their occupying it. They would have killed the old man (I am told) but he ran out of the house with his child in his arms. The Fed's set fire to the house and burned it to the ground. . . . Friday, March 14. .... The steamboat [came] up last night from St. Louis with stores for Col. Stevenson's regiment. It is the first boat up this season. I went to town after dinner. Mr. Sam'l Sawyer and Wm. Limrick54 are lying in jail arrested by the military here. They have never been in the army south or made treasonable speeches. We do not know what they are arrested for. . . . Friday, March 21. .... Mollie and I went in town, we heard no news. . . . Wm. [Burk] cleaned out the last year's hot bed, after dinner he and I finished the grape vine trellis, then finished the day working on asparagus bed. We are planking it with oak plank then fork up the bed, springle salt over it then spread the rotten manure (that came out of the hot bed) over it about four inches thick. . . . Sunday, March 23. .... Mr. Robt. Ewing55 stopped here on his way home from Mt. Hebron, told me that a gentleman had come in the above place from Price's army, left the day after the battle, he seen Doc. [Benjamin T.] Kavanaugh, said he was well and in fine spirits. Said that Price had whipped the Feds.56 Federal loss between two

54 Mendenhall refers to William Limrick (Limerick) , a banker and farmer. Limrick lived near the Sawyer family in Lexington Township. He owned seven slaves in 1860. See U.S. Census, 8th Report, 1860, "Lafayette Co."; ibid., Slave Schedule, "Lafayette Co." 55 Mendenhall probably refers to Robert C. Ewing, a Lafayette County farmer who had settled permanently in the county after 1821. See Hist, of La­ fayette Co., 635. 56 Mendenhall probably refers to the Battle of Elkhorn Tavern (Pea Ridge) which took place in Arkansas on March 7-8. Price's Missourians, at that time, were under the command of General Earl Van Dorn, who had assumed the Trans-Mississippi command the previous January. Contrary to the second-hand report, the Confederates did not gain a victory at Elkhorn Tavern. During the evening of March 7, however, Price's troops did succeed in driving the enemy before them. The Confederates retreated from the battlefield on March 8, and arrived at Van Buren, Arkansas, on March 16. See Castel, Gen. Sterling Price, 76-78. Mendenhall Diary 447 and three thousand, Confederate loss six hundred. I spent part of the afternoon with Mr. Henry Wallace. Doc W. W. Higgins57 called, spent an hour or two.

Sunday, March 30. . . . Mollie, Mrs. K[avanaugh], Julia Fannie, Willie and I went in town to go to church. When we arrived there we learned that Col. Stevenson had closed the churches, there are eight churches in town. There was a service in but two of them, Catholic and Campbellite. He has also closed the schools, and Baptist and Presbyterian female seminaries. There is nothing strange [in] these times. This has been the land of the free, and the home of the brave, it appears the object of the Federal Government is to free the negro, and enslave the white man in the south.

Monday, March 31. .... Wm. [Burk] plowed in the garden a patch for potatoes, and peas. He then plowed in the oats ground until dinner. . . . Mollie and Mrs. K[avanaugh] went in town in morning. I was obliged to go after them in the buggy. We heard the sad news of the death of Lt. Col. John P. Bowman.58 He died in Van Buren, Arkansas, of brain fever. He was a brave officer and beloved by all that knew him. His grave is marked by a cedar tree planted at his head and foot. We heard that Doc K[avanaugh] had been sick.

Saturday, April 5. .... I took a dose of cathartic pills last night, do not feel well today. Went in town, stayed until dinner time. The military are notifying many influential citizens to appear at the Col's office and take the oath to support the Constitution of the United States, and not to aid or abet the rebellion, etc., and take it of your own free will and accord. If you do not take it you must go to jail. If you cannot you must give bond. Wm. [Burk] finished plowing oats field at dinner time. He planted five rows of potatoes in the garden, took the potatoes out of the hole they were frozen on top. They should be buried deep. . . .

57 Mendenhall refers to his friend, W. W. Higgins. One of the first physi­ cians to live in Lafayette Countv, by 1860, he lived on a farm in Lexington Town­ ship. See Hist, of Lafayette Co., 406; U.S. Census, 8th Report, 1860, "Lafay­ ette Co." 58 Mendenhall refers to John P. Bowman, who was listed as "Clerk of Court" in the 1860 census. His regiment of Missouri State Guards served in General Richard Weightman's brigade. See Hist, of Lafayette Co., 374. 448 Missouri Historical Review

Sunday, April 6, and Monday, April 7. .... Mollie, Fannie and I went in town. Mollie and Fannie went to hear Mr. [W. B.] McFarland59 preach. They say the Provost Marshal . . . visited the preacher in the church, he wanted him to take the oath. He told them he thought once taking it was enough. The Provost took his name and then left him. They told Rev. Mr. [B. M.] Hobson60 & J. W. Warder61 that if they preached without taking the oath they would put them in the dungeon. Monday. . . . Mollie, Willie & I went to town. No news of impor­ tance except the soldiers in town are still swearing citizens. They take oath only by force. If they do not they are sent to jail. . . .

Monday, April 14. .... The weather is quite cool, the grass is scarcely advanced enough to furnish the stock with sufficient pasturage. The trees in the front yard have swelled their buds. Our peas are coming through, spinach, lettuce, radishes & asparagus are up. . . . After dinner I sodded the yard. Wm. [Burk] hauled manure from the stable yard on the corn ground on the other side of the meadow. . . .

Thursday, April 24. .... Yesterday afternoon I brought our servant Mary, home. I had a hard time to get her. She ran away from Mrs. Young62 last winter, went in town, a family of English persons by the name of Ivy63 took her and I was told they was harboring her as a runaway slave. I thought I would have trouble to get her so I took an officer with me on my buggy. He remained in the buggy until seeing what I could do. They resisted me, so I called him in, we took her by force... .

59 Mendenhall refers to Rev. W. B. McFarland, a minister for the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. The 1881 Lafayette County history states that he was the only minister in Lexington allowed to preach during the winter of 1862. See Hist, of Lafayette Co., 558. 60 Mendenhall refers to Rev. B. M. Hobson, a Presbyterian minister who was one of the original trustees of the Elizabeth Aull Female Seminary. See ibid., 252. 61 Mendenhall refers to Rev. Joseph W. Warder, a Kentucky-born Baptist minister. See ibid., 403. 62 Mrs. Young has not been identified. Seven families by the name of Young lived in Lexington Township in 1860. 63 Mendenhall refers to the John Ivy family. Ivy, a sixty-two-year-old laborer, lived with his wife and two sons in Lexington. All of the family had been born in England. See U.S. Census, 8th Report, 1860, "Lafayette Co." Mendenhall Diary 449

Tuesday, May 6. .... Wm. [Burk] finished plowing the corn ground on the other side of the meadow. I finished hoeing strawberries. We have the prospect of an abundance of fruit this season. Our grapes and straw­ berries are full of bloom. We had pie plant pie64 for dinner. On Sunday last the Federal soldiers and bushwhackers run together. A few miles from here several [were] killed and wounded. On Mon­ day they had another fight. Saturday evening the Federal soldiers fired in a camp of men that had been to Market, wounding one. The market men had no arms. Monday, May 19. .... John White65 an intimate friend of mine, told me the par­ ticulars of the skirmish that happened in his neighborhood a few days ago. Mr. [P.] Sutherland & son66 have been living in the brush this spring for fear of being molested by the federal troops, the state militia (Dutch). Capts [John B.] Kaiser & Murphy67 heard of their being in the brush at a certain place, proceeded in the night to capture them. When they came on them, they fired on them. Sutherland and party being surprised run a short dis-

64 "Pie plant pie" probably meant rhubarb pie. 65 Mendenhall probably refers to Tennesseean John White, a farmer in Sni-A-Bar Township. See U.S. Census, 8th Report, 1860, "Lafayette Co." 66 White probably refers to P. Sutherland, a painter who resided in Lexington, and his son, Zacharias. See ibid. 67 Mendenhall probably refers to Captain John B. Kaiser, of the Boonville Battalion, Missouri State Militia. See War of Rebellion: Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (Washington, D.C., 1883) Series 1, Volume XIII, 331. Hereafter cited as O.R. Captain Murphy has not been identified. 450 Missouri Historical Review tance. ... I went in town morning & evening. Col. [Alexander] Doniphan68 made a speech in the Court House. The speech was very conservative. Ex-Govenor [Austin A.] King69 made one after him. He said the rebels would never get their rights until they were suspended at the end of a rope. Saturday, May 24. .... Col. [Daniel] Houston70 with three hundred and fifty cavalry arrived in town. Mollie, Fannie & K went in town after dinner. Mollie bought her a summer bonnet. Wm. [Burk] hauled 25 bu. of coal home and commenced plowing at the end of the sweet potato patch, broke the plow, took it to town and had a new handle put in. Col. Houston visited the prisoners soon after he arrived here. Had Mr. Martin Slaughter put in irons and chained in a dungeon. Monday, May 26. .... Heard of Capt. Kaisers men shooting another of my ac­ quaintances. He was returning from church, stopped on the road to talk with some friends. These men halted them, all of them run but Mr. W. Pitchard.71 He was going towards them. They shot their bullets through him... . Tuesday, May 27. .... Doc McClure's man (Mark) is plowing for me today. . . . Mark finished our plowing for this spring, he then put some manure around some fruit trees in the front yard. I paid him seventy five cents today. I went in town. ... I was detained in town until late, on the coroners jury.72 Fred Mehl73 was stabbed in four places by a citizen. Mehl died immediately.

68 Mendenhall refers to Alexander W. Doniphan, a noted jurist, soldier and statesman. Known for his unflinching allegiance to the Union, he served as a delegate to the Peace Convention held in Washington, D.C., in 1861. A brief biography of Doniphan appears in William E. Connelley, Doniphan's Expedition and the Conquest of New Mexico and California (Topeka, Kans., 1907). 69 Mendenhall refers to Austin A. King, governor of Missouri, 1848-1853. Although he had owned slaves, King became convinced that slavery was wrong. An "uncompromising Union man," King was elected in 1862 to the United States Congress as a Union Democrat. See Buel Leopard and Floyd C. Shoe­ maker, eds., The Messages and Proclamations of the Governors of the State of Missouri (Columbia, Mo., 1922), II, 268-269. 70 Mendenhall refers to Colonel Daniel Houston, Jr., of the Seventh Mis­ souri Volunteer Cavalry. See O.R., Ser. 1, Vol. XIII, 98. 71 Pitchard (Pritchard) has not been identified. 72 Mendenhall had served as a juror for an insanity case in 1861, during the January term of the Lafayette County Court. That jury was comprised of "6 good and lawful men." See Lafayette County Court Record Book 9, 193, in the Lafayette County Courthouse, Lexington. 73 Mendenhall refers to Fred Mehl, a wagonmaker who lived in Lexington. Mendenhall Diary 451

Monday, June 2. .... It was City Election. Mr. [Samuel] Curry74 was elected Mayor. The Union ticket was elected as no opposing candidate run. There was not a vote cast except by those that took the oath to support the convention and Gov. [Hamilton R.] Gamble's ad­ ministration. Mollie sold three Gal strawberries for one dollar. There is an abundance of them. The troops from town are in the country all the time. The woods are full of bushwhackers.

Thursday, June 12. .... At sunrise two soldiers of Col. [Edwin C] Catherwood's75 regiment came to the house, called for me. Told me they wanted to borrow my wagon, mules & harnesses to haul a load of corn. I told them they could not have it. One of them said they would press it in the service. I told them the time for pressing was over in this part of the country so they went to Mr. Wallace. His was

A native of Saxony, he had been married and the father of a three-year-old son. See Mo. State Gazetteer & Business Directory (1860), 164. Mehl's killer was convicted of murder by a grand jury. See Mendenhall Diary, May 28, 1862. 74 Mendenhall refers to Samuel F. Curry, a Virginia-born saddler who lived in Lexington. See U.S. Census, 8th Report, 1860, "Lafayette Co." 75 Mendenhall probably refers to Colonel Edwin C. Catherwood, of the Sixth Missouri State Militia Cavalry. See O.R., Ser. I, Vol. XIII, 226, 581, 616. 452 Missouri Historical Review not good enough. Then went to Greens.76 They sent them to Doc Higgins and took his wagon, harness and pony. The regiment left for Springfield and took the things they stole with them. Wm. [Burk] hauled three loads of manure after dinner. We set out two hundred & fifty potato plants. . . .

Saturday, June 14. .... I went in town morning and evening. John Cather,77 the stage proprietor told me that a party of [William C] Quantrill's78 men stopped the stage near Col. Youngs,79 took his horses out of the stage. They told the passengers to roll out of that d— quick. Made them stand in line, then asked each one who he was. They had seven pistols a piece on their persons. One year ago today we buried our baby Franklin Hubbard Mendenhall.

Friday, June 20. .... Ma is preparing to leave here. I gave her $118 a few days ago. She is waiting until I can get some more for her. Mollie and Ma do not agree at all, consequently it is very unpleasant to all the family. Unfortunately Ma cannot live peacefully with anyone a long time. She is 62 years of age and her mind is very weak, on some subjects she appears deranged. I want her to go and live with Sue but she will not do it.80

—To Be Continued—

76 Two families named Green resided in Lexington Township, the same township in which Wallace and Higgins lived. See U.S. Census, 8th Report, 1860, "Lafayette Co." 77 Mendenhall refers to John Cather. His livery stable was located on Laurel Street. See Mo. State Gazetteer & Business Directory (1860) , 162. 78 Mendenhall refers to William Clarke Quantrill, the notorious guerrilla leader. According to historian Albert Castel: "By the spring of 1862 ... the name Quantrill had become synonomous wTith death." See Castel, Gen. Sterling Price, 58. Castel also has written a biography of Quantrill. See Albert Castel, William Clarke Quantrill: His Life and Times (New York, 1962) . 79 Colonel Young has not been identified. 80 See footnote 25. HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS NEWS IN BRIEF

Committee for the Humanities, Inc., provided funds for the three-part series which was held at each of the sponsoring sites. Bob Priddy presented a slide-lecture on Benton entitled "Public Art & Political Furor" relating to the mural Benton painted for the capitol. Douglas Wixson gave a slide- lecture on the social mileau of the 1930s which greatly affected Benton's work. Bob Dyer gave a concert on "Benton's History of Missouri in Leg­ end and Song." In conjunction with the series, the Missouri State Capitol Museum hosted a brown-bag lunch Gentry County Courthouse program featuring the film, Thomas The Gentry County Court reported Hart Benton: The Sources of Country that it plans to sponsor the rededica- Music, and a special birthday party tion on August 24, of the courthouse celebration for Benton on April 15. in Albany. The event commemorates the centennial of the laying of the To mark the 100th birthday anni­ cornerstone of the building. Designed versary of Harry S. Truman, numer­ by the architectural firm of Eckel ous events have been scheduled year- and Mann of St. Joseph, the court­ round in Jackson County, Missouri. house was completed in 1885. Listed Independence, where Truman began on the National Register of Historic his political career and site of his Places, the structure features a sym­ presidential library, as well as Grand- metrical high Victorian Italianate de­ view, site of his boyhood, host the sign with Romanesque motifs and four centennial activities. Special exhibits clock faces in the spire. Masonic included "1948 Whistle Stop Cam­ groups of the county will participate paign"; "Jackson County Goes to the in opening the cornerstone. The con­ Inauguration"; and "Harry S. Tru­ tents will be displayed, new items man Centennial Traveling Exhibit." added and then resealed. The court The Truman Farm Home, where he invites the public to attend this event lived from 1906 to 1917 in Grandview, which also will include a parade and has been restored and was dedicated program. on May 5. Dedication of the Truman Home "Summer White House" oc­ In February, March and April, the curred on May 12 in Independence. University of Missouri-Rolla, the Har­ Because so many events have been ry S. Truman Library and the Missouri planned to commemorate the centen­ State Capitol Museum sponsored the nial, only a few have been highlighted Tom Benton of Missouri Lecture here. For additional information, con­ Series. A grant from the Missouri tact the City of Independence at (816)

453 454 Missouri Historical Review

836-8300, the Truman Library at 833- ard L. Miller; "The Germans of Greene 1400 or the Grandview Chamber of County during World War I," bv Commerce or call 761-6505. Meredith Adams, Southwest Missouri State University; "St. Francis des Sales: A Study in Nineteenth Century St. The Twenty-sixth Annual Missouri Louis Catholicism," by Elaine Til- Conference on History was held at linger, University of Missouri-St. Louis; the University of Missouri-Kansas Citv "Town Puzzles, Putting the Pieces To­ and Harry S. Truman Library on April gether: Small Town Plans and Small Town Architecture in Missouri," by 13-14. The theme for the conference Marian Ohman, University of Mis­ was "The Family and Community in souri-Columbia; and "The Draining History." Sessions also were scheduled of Southeast Missouri: The Develop­ as part of the Truman Centennial ment of the Little River Drainage Celebration. District," by Michael Moroni. Papers delivered that pertained to Missouri's history were: "Bennett After the luncheon and business Champ Clark: Missouri's Other Sena­ meeting, on April 13, Susan Hartmann, tor," by Darrell A. Garwood, Western of the University of Missouri-St. Louis, Historical Manuscripts Collection, Uni­ spoke at the general convocation. Her versity of Missouri-Columbia; "Educa topic concerned women's family roles tion vs. Politics: The Struggle of in the World War II era. Hartmann's Black Missourians for Higher Educa convocation address was followed by tion in the 1920's," by Antonio F. Hol­ the Missouri History Conference Meet­ land, Lincoln University; "Pains ing. During the meeting, the award of Birth and Adolescence: The Uni­ for the best article written during versity of Missouri and its Rolla Cam 1983 on Missouri history was presented pus, 1871-1915," by Lawrence O. Chris- to James M. Denny, of the Missouri tensen, University of Missouri-Rolla; Department of Natural Resources, for "Stepchild of the University? The his contribution "Vernacular Build Separationist Controversy at the Uni­ ing Process in Missouri: Nathaniel versity of Missouri School of Mines Leonard's Activities, 1825-1870." Den­ and Metallurgy, 1937-1049," by Jack ny's article appeared in the October B. Ridley, University of Missouri- 1983 issue of the State Historical So Rolla; "The Asa Beet/e Cross Family ciety's quarterly publication, the MIS­ and Kansas City," by George Ehrlich. SOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW. University of Missouri-Kansas City; In conjunction with the conference, "Kittie Cross: A Woman of the 1880's," Missouri History Day was held at the by Sharon L. Fleming, Western His­ University of Missouri-Kansas City on torical Manuscripts Collection, Uni­ April 14. The theme of history day versity of Missouri-Columbia; "The also was "The Family and Community Kansas City Community in the 1880's," in History." Winners from the junior by Gordon O. Hendrickson, Western division (grades 6-8) , and senior di­ Historical Manuscripts Collection, Uni­ vision (grades 9-12) in individual and versity of Missouri-Kansas City;" The group performances, projects and his­ National Guard Career of Harry S. torical papers were selected for the na­ Truman," by Timothy Roberts, 135th tional competition. Dr. James Vv7. Military History Detachment and An­ Goodrich, associate director of the tonio F. Holland; "Truman's Senate State Historical Society, served as one Policies and the Cold War," by Rich­ of the judges. Historical Notes and Comments 455

During May and through June 10, of its kind left in Missouri and one the Kansas City Museum held the 17th of 12 still standing in the United annual Heritage Art Show. The ex States. The housebarn is an authentic hibition featured art relating to and/ reminder of the days when some or depicting Kansas City's regional German-American families shared com­ heritage. The museum features ex­ mon living quarters with their live­ hibits on regional history, a plane­ stock. Harry and Jean Panhorst of tarium and a natural history hall. One- St. Charles gave the property to the hour guided tours through museum Trust. For more information on the exhibits are available for groups of Pelster Patron Program, Miller mav 10 or more by reservation. The cost be contacted by telephone (816) 263- is $3 per adult and $2 per child. The 5571 or the Missouri Heritage Trust museum is closed on Monday and re­ Office, P.O. Box 895, Jefferson City, quests that reservations be made at Missouri 65102, telephone (314) 635- least two weeks in advance. For more 6877. Effective April 1, the organiza­ information contact: The Kansas City tion which promotes historic preserva­ Museum, 3218 Gladstone Blvd., Kansas tion activities throughout Missouri, City, Missouri 64123, or call (816) had been restructured. Patrick H. 483-8300. Steele, Sr., became director of preser­ vation services and Helen Garnett was appointed director of administrative To help celebrate the 50th anni­ versary of the establishment of the National Archives and publicize their holdings, the Kansas City Regional The Pioneer America Society an­ Archives Branch has cosponsored a nounced its 16th annual meeting and number of public events and has de­ call for papers. Southeast Missouri veloped a series of outreach programs State University, Cape Girardeau, will this year. These included discussions host the conference, October 5-6, with of NARS records, programs and serv­ the theme "The German and French ices, talks on local records, primary Heritage in the Mississippi River Val­ research, sources, services and cooper­ ley." Papers on all topics are invited ative programs available from the Kan­ with those relating to the theme sas City branch. In May the North­ especially welcome. For further in­ west Missouri Genealogical Society and formation, please contact: Dr. Michael the archives presented a symposium on Roark, Department of Earth Science, genealogy with emphasis on records Southeast Missouri State University, available at the regional archives. Cape Girardeau, Missouri 63701.

Scott Meyer, president of the Mis­ A group of residents of the Crocker souri Heritage Trust, announced that area formed a depot preservation com­ Robert Miller, Moberly, extension mittee in February. The group filed community development specialist, for incorporation as a not-for-profit has been named director of the Pel­ organization, the Crocker Community ster Patron Program. The program is Center Corporation. Their objective designed to aid in the preservation of is to preserve the old Frisco Railroad the Pelster housebarn in Franklin depot in Crocker and acquire a new County. The structure is the only one site for it. The Burlington Northern 456 Missouri Historical Review

Railroad recently acquired the 116- tional information, please contact year-old structure. The railroad will Sharron Uhler at (816) 276-1539. donate the depot to the community on the condition that it be moved. The preservation group plans to apply for Since 1965, transplanted Missouri­ Neighborhood Assistance Pogram funds ans have participated in the Missouri for the project. Following a successful Club in the retirement community of move, the depot will be used as a Leisure World, Seal Beach, California. museum of old railroad memorabilia The club meets once each three months and a community center. in El Dorado Clubhouse (No. 2), on the third Wednesday evening for a catered dinner and program. Officers The 1984 meeting of the Midwest of the group are Rose Hartung, presi­ Archives Conference will be held on dent; Lorene Hahn, vice president: November 1 through 3, at the Amer­ Grace Howze, secretary; and June icana Hotel in Kansas City. For addi­ Campbell, treasurer.

Egglore

Arcadian Magazine, May, 1931. Do you know Ozark "eggology"? It doesn't matter so much here in the hills whether the hen sits or sets but it does make a difference how you carry the eggs, when the "set" is started and weather conditions just be­ fore the expected hatch. Eggs carried in a woman's bonnet invariably hatch pullets. If a hen is set on Sunday, the hatch will result all roosters. Such is the egglore of the backhills.

Delayed Recovery

Artie Ayres, Traces Of Silver (Reeds Spring, Mo., 1982) , 83-84. In 1906, Joe Meridith built and opened the first drug store in Reeds Spring. Doc Shumate recalled one amusing incident when Meredith translated the doctor's prescription and made an error that delayed the patient's recover)'. It seems that this tie hacker came in complaining of a real bad ear ache. The problem was caused by excess, hardened ear wax. Doc was able to remove part of it, but concluded that there was probably more, so he wrote the prescription—3 drops warm mineral oil in R. ear twice a day. The patient took the prescription to the druggist to be filled but was back in the doctor's office in a few days saying his right ear was still hurtin' bad and besides that, he didn't see how that could "hep" his ear "no how". The druggist had not seen the period after the R and the abbreviated R. (right) ear had become one word. Historical Notes and Comments 457

LOCAL HISTORICAL SOCIETIES

Affton Historical Society annual clean-up day for the museum. The April 26 meeting at the Affton Members of the Society and Mexico Presbyterian Church featured a pro­ and Audrain County Jaycees worked gram by Jeffery Bonner, director of to prepare the grounds and the Ross exhibits and programs for the new St. House for the coming season. Louis Science Center. Dr. Bonner pre­ The Society received the 1983 Mex­ viewed the new program of exhibits, ico Area Chamber of Commerce Civic special events and star chamber shows Club Award for "exceptional com­ that will be offered at the new center. munity service." The Missouri Committee for the Humanities, Inc., has awarded the So­ Barton County Historical Society ciety a $1,500 grant to study local Over 60 people attended the quar­ history. The project will include in­ terly meeting, April 8, in Law Chapel terviewing long-time residents of Aff United Methodist Church, Lamar. ton, researching local archives, taking Lloyd Gathman had charge of the photographs, copying historical photo­ program on the "Colorful History of graphs, newspaper clippings and other Minden Mines." He introduced Mrs. memorabilia. Two slide-tape programs Florence Wisdom, a 102-year-old na­ documenting the history of the Aff­ tive of the town, who related child­ ton area up to 1916 will be produced hood incidents while living in Minden as a result of the study. Mines. She was accompanied by her The Society's historic home, Oak­ granddaughter, Mrs. Barbara Cron- land, is open to the public on the sec­ ister. Mr. Gathman also told about ond and fourth Thursdays and third coal mining in the area, early busi­ Sundays, April through September. nesses and education.

Andrew County Historical Society Bellevue Valley Historical Society The Society opened its museum and The Society held its regular quar­ log cabin in Savannah, May 6, for terly meeting, March 21, at the Com­ the summer months. Hours are 1-4 munity Center in Caledonia. Members P.M., Friday, Saturday and Sunday. continue to work on publicity and Roy E. Coy recently was elected di­ sales for the Society's publication proj­ rector of the museum. ect. President Frank Shores has ap­ Belton Historical Society pointed a committee to handle pub­ Some 50 members and guests at­ lication of the Society's quarterly, tended the quarterly meeting, April Diggin' History. Gena Rae Shores 15, in the Old City Hall, Belton. An­ will chair the committee which in­ drew Geoghegan gave a slide lecture cludes Ina Wachtel and Ada Coy. on "Longview Farm—Portrait of a Audrain County Historical Society Dream." The program featured the The Society reported that it added R.A. Long country estate. Mr. Geog­ over 250 members as a result of a hegan is on the faculty at Longview month-long membership drive in College. February. Membership in the Society For 1984, the Society's membership now totals over 800 with a goal of goal is 200 paid members. Painting reaching 1,000. the Wilson House museum will be On April 14, the Society held its one of this year's projects. 458 Missouri Historical Review

The historical museum features spe­ gave a program on the Tniman Home cial exhibits each quarter. They have and Library. included painted china, carnival glass, Members participated in an annual beaded bags, shoes and gloves. Over pancake day, porch sale and bake sale 1,000 people toured the museum last on May 19. year. The Society's Dillingham-Lewis House Museum officially opened on Bethel German Communal Colony April 15. Hours are 1-4 P.M., Wednes­ On April 16, the annual ham and day and Sunday, until November 1. bean membership supper, at Fest Hall Reservations for tours may be made in Bethel, honored all members who by calling (816) 229-2659 or 229-1745. had contributed their time, money and Bollinger County Historical Society efforts. A video tape of last year's Members held their quarterly meet­ Harvest Fest highlighted the program. ing, April 8, in the courthouse at Retiring president Sonny Blaise noted Marble Hill. Mrs. Mary L. Hahn, past the event raised nearly $10,000. president and corresponding secretary Members held a follow-up session of the Society, gave a report of the on April 21. One of the events in­ Society's activities over the past 9 cluded the planting of a tree to honor years. Members discussed work on the retiring board members Vernita Mes- post-Civil War Massey Log House. mer, Lucille Bower and Rodney Rob­ Recently donated by Bill and Lena ertson. Mae Fulton, it will be moved to an Officers elected for the coming year area northeast, of the courthouse and were Rodney Robertson, president; restored for a county museum. Mrs. Nedra Garrison, vice president; Mari­ Web Barks of Patton displayed an lyn Shouse, secretary; Doris Spilker, antique friendship quilt. treasurer; Lucille Bower, historian; and Virginia Norris, reporter. Boone County Historical Society The Society held its annual dinner meeting on April 12, at the Flaming Blue Springs Historical Society Pit Restaurant in Columbia. Bob Over 170 members attended the 8th Priddy, news director of the Missouri annual installation dinner, January 31, Network, Jefferson City, gave the in the American Legion Building. The program. His slide-lecture presenta­ Blue Valley Chapter of Sweet Adelines tion, entitled "Public Art and Politi­ provided the entertainment. Research cal Furor," featured artist Thomas chairman Karol Witthar gave a pro­ Hart Benton and the mural he painted gram on the papers she had researched in the state capitol. for the Society. The following new officers were installed: Nancy Wal­ Officers elected were Bill T. Craw­ lace, president; Joseph Janson, vice ford, president; Francis Pike, vice president; Dianna Wrinkle, recording president; Nelda McCrory, secretary; secretary; Marjorie Fling, correspond­ James E. Saunders, treasurer; and ing secretary; and Bruce Dotson, trea­ Elizabeth Kennedy, historian. surer. Boonslick Historical Society At the April 3 meeting in the Dil­ Forty-six members and guests met lingham-Lewis House Museum, Kath­ April 12, at the new state headquarters erine Epperson spoke on the history of the Daughters of the American of the military school in Macon. Pat Revolution, 821 Main Street, Boon­ O'Brien, Independence city historian, ville. The headquarters occupy the Historical Notes and Comments 459 former Roslyn Heights residence, president; Viola Byrd, vice president; built in 1895 by Wilbur T. and Rhoda Bruce Holloway, executive vice presi­ Stephens Johnson. Mrs. Clyde P. Janes dent; Bob Seifert, treasurer; Frances of Boonville led a tour of the house, Gamblin, secretary; and Lois Ruff, restored and furnished by the DAR. corresponding secretary. She told about the history and archi­ tecture of the house. Cape Girardeau County George G. Smith presented the pro­ Historical Society gram at the June 14 meeting in the The Society held its annual banquet, Howard County Courthouse, Fayette. May 19, in the Wayside Inn, Cape He spoke on the "History of Land Girardeau. Mr. and Mrs. Czeslaw Zie- Ownership in the Boonslick Area." linski presented musical entertainment. Mrs. Zielinski is on the faculty of Brush and Palette Club Southeast Missouri State University. Club members hosted a reception. C. W. "Woody" Rushing addressed March 4, at the Strehley House the group on tow boating on the Mis­ Deutschheim State Historic Site in sissippi. Hermann. The event celebrated the formal opening of the exhibit, "The Carondelet Historical Society German Experience in St. Louis (Mit Members met February 19 at the Feder und Hammer!)." The Missouri Carondelet Historic Center. Fran El­ Department of Natural Resources lison gave a slide program on historic sponsored the reception. Booker H. Maplewood. Rucker, assistant director of parks with the Department of Natural Resources, Cass County Historical Society presented a plaque of appreciation to On April 8, the Society held its spring meeting in the Community the Club. The award recognized the Room of the Cass Medical Center, Club's role in preserving the Strehley Harrisonville. Those in attendance and Pommer-Gentner Houses and in viewed a film on artist Charles M. donating them to the state. Russell. Butler County Historical Society Cedar County Historical Society Members held their January 30 Twenty persons attended the Janu­ meeting in the Sacred Heart School, ary 30 meeting in the Country Club Poplar Bluff. Dr. T. Eugene Ruff building, Stockton. The program fea­ presented the program, which fea­ tured the writings of deceased former tured "Pioneer Physicians and their members Georgia Burros, Emogene Practices." Bryant and Gladys Martin. On February 27, Mrs. John L. Mar- At the March 26 meeting in the ley had charge of the program on Community Hall, Jerico Springs, 26 "Schools of the Past." persons attended. They viewed a film, Ron Nelson discussed "City Plan­ The Triumph of the Wood Duck, ning and Historic Preservation" at the shown by Conservation Agent Quin- March 26 meeting. ten Walsh. "How Early Settlers 'Made do* With What They Had on Hand," high­ Centralia Historical Society lighted the meeting on April 23. Cora The Society held its annual meeting, Rubottom and Myrtle Moore had April 5, in the Centralia Historical charge of the program. Museum. Paul Sturgeon unveiled a Officers for 1984 are Bob Manns, portrait painting of F. Gano Chance 460 Missouri Historical Review to hang in the museum. Several com­ Secession" highlighted the April 25 mittee reports were heard including meeting. Attorney Ivan Light of Shir­ one on the Society's goals, given by ley, Illinois, discussed the constitu­ Ruth Miller. tional underpinning of the war. A number of events occurred in May: the local Garden Club spon­ Civil War Round Table of sored a flower show, May 4-5; a the Ozarks Craft Show Festival, May 12; and a On March 14, the Round Table met special Memorial Day opening at the at the 89er Restaurant, Springfield. Museum, May 26-27. Member Gene Beauchamp addressed the group on "Guerrilla Warfare Chariton County Historical Society During the Civil War." Dr. Howard W. Marshall, of the Jack Randall spoke at the April 13 University of Missouri-Columbia, pre­ meeting on "Some Intriguing and Un­ sented the program at the April 15 known Facts About the Civil War." meeting in the museum, Salisbury. The Society noted the passing of three Clay County Museum Association dedicated members during the winter. The Museum Association met Feb­ They were Marjorie Henry, Charles ruary 23 in the museum, Liberty. Lo- Winkelmeyer and Rev. Admiral Phil­ Dean Linthacum presented a book lips. review. Members approved the Mu­ Civil War Round Table of seum Endowment Trust Fund, which Kansas City will encourage persons to make gifts An address on "The Enbattled Con­ and bequests to the museum. This tinent," highlighted the March 27 will build a strong financial base and meeting in the Homestead Country provide an income for museum ad­ Club, Prairie Village, Kansas. Dr. ministration and acquisition. Herman Hattaway, professor of His­ The Association held its annual tory at the University of Missouri-Kan­ spring dinner meeting, April 14, at sas City, was the featured speaker. the William Jewell College Student Union Building, Liberty. Moses Har­ Civil War Round Table of St. Louis rison, curator of the Pershing Home Round Table members met Febru­ Park in Laclede, presented the pro­ ary 22, in Garavelli's Restaurant, St. gram. He discussed Missouri's John J. Louis. Dr. Gordon Dammann, a den (Black Jack) Pershing, commander in tist from Lena, Illinois, was the guest chief of the allied armies in World speaker. He spoke on the medical and War I. surgical history of the Civil War, illustrated with slides and a display. Clinton County Historical Society He titled his talk "Arms and Legs The Society met March 10, in the Galore," and related specifically the Clinton County Courthouse, Platts­ events at the Battle of Shiloh where burg. Catherine Stipe gave the hu­ more Americans were shot than in morous and informative program, the Revolution, War of 1812, Indian "Anything Goes." She told about early campaigns and the Mexican War com­ automobiles in Clinton County. Mem­ bined. bers recalled amusing incidents about Dr. Herman M. Hattaway, Kansas early cars they remembered. Frances City, spoke on "The Enbattled Con­ K. Orr, ways and means chairman, tinent," at the March 28 meeting. announced "An April Shower." This An address on "The Legality of will be a project by mail to encour- Historical Notes and Comments 461

age cash donations for repair of the Members continue to work on their museum. project of setting up a museum. Cole Camp Area Historical Society Dade County Historical Society A program on "Memories of Cole The Society met March 6 at the Re­ Camp" highlighted the March 9 meet­ tirement Homes No. 2 Recreation ing in the Benton County R-I School. Center, Greenfield. Retha E. Twaddell Maurine Schwald Green told about gave the program on "Jonn Trousdale growing up in the area. Coffee, a Greenfield Connection." Mr. and Mrs. Joel Cox gave a pro­ Born in Tennessee and died in Texas, gram on tours in Lower and Upper he made history in Missouri. Egypt, at the April 9 meeting. Slides illustrated the talk. Members have been raising funds for improvements on the mill at the Cole County Historical Society Hulston Mill Historical Park, Green­ Cherie M. Dowd was named museum field. The group sponsored an annual curator at the Society's board meeting Sixth Grade Tournament and a Spring in February. A native of St. Louis, Mrs. Home Tour on May 20. The KTTS Dowd is working on the Ph.D. degree Community Club Awards, Springfield, in Art Education and Early Childhood also added to the fund. from the University of Missouri Columbia. Dallas County Historical Society Concordia Historical Institute At the January 6 meeting in the On April 30, the Institute hosted a O'Bannon Community Center, Buf­ special luncheon, sponsored by Col. falo, the following officers were in­ Erwin T. Koch of St. Louis. Through stalled: Lawrence Holt, president; the benefaction of Col. Koch, the In­ Mary McKown, vice president; Leni stitute received a large collection of Howe, secretary; and Ralph Tucker, rare Reformation era books, tracts treasurer. and manuscripts from Dr. Alfred O. Dale McCurry and Jerry Thomas Fuerbringer, St. Louis. The books had presented the program at the Febru­ originally been brought to this coun­ ary 3 meeting. They told about the try by Dr. Fuerbringer's grandfather, restoration of old buildings and the the Reverend Ottomar Fuerbringer, a museum at Fair Grove. Mr. McCurry participant in the 1839 Saxon immi­ is the author of Ozark Log Houses gration to Perry County. and Mr. Thomas is with the Fair Officers of the Institute are Harold Grove Historical and Preservation So­ A. Olsen, Springfield, Illinois, presi­ ciety. dent; Rev. Dr. Alvin W. Mueller, At a business meeting on March 2, Peoria, Illinois, vice president; Dr. members decided to hold Society meet­ Gerald P. Birkmann, Washington, Mis­ ings at various times including Sunday souri, secretary; and Mrs. Joyce Sauer, and Friday afternoons and Thursday St. Charles, treasurer. evenings. Crawford County Historical Society Members met at the Buffalo Head On May 4-5, the city of Cuba spon­ Prairie Historical Park, April 15, to sored an Agricultural Expo Show at inspect the museum under construc­ the City Park. The Society provided tion. Memorial donations are supply­ an exhibit of early American items of ing funds for the building. The group the area from its farm and home col­ also discussed future plans of the So­ lections. ciety. 462 Missouri Historical Review

DeKalb County Historical Society Fort Osage Historical Society Nineteen members attended the The Society met April 9 at the January 15 meeting in the courthouse, Sibley Community Center. Joanne Maysville. Earlene Vaughn and Mar­ (Chiles) Eakin presented the pro­ tha Spiers presented the program on gram on Henry Clay Chiles and other early newspapers of DeKalb County. pioneer families of eastern Jackson Several old issues were on display. County. Members also discussed plans The February 19 meeting featured for the River Days celebration, held the first of a series of four programs May 19-20, at historic Fort Osage. The from the Missouri Committee for the event featured an art show, period Humanities. Entitled "Chautauqua food and costumes, bluegrass music, Northwest," the programs are pre demonstrations, exhibits and films. sented by Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville. Craig Goad, a Foundation for Restoration of regional poet, spoke to the Society Ste. Genevieve and read selections of his poems re­ The May 6 meeting at the Old lating to real experiences. Academy in Ste. Genevieve featured The second program of the series, a program and exhibition of paintings "Chautauqua Northwest," on March relating to the Ste. Genevieve Art 18, featured Willa Cather. Dr. Virgil Colony. Martyl, an artist and daugh­ Albertini discussed the life of Cather, ter of Aimee Schweig a cofounder of and Brenda Tompkins read portions the colony and school, related her per­ of her works. Slides from the Cather sonal memories. James Gordon Rogers. Museum in Red Cloud, Nebraska, Jr., gave a slide lecture on the history portrayed Gather's word pictures. of the colony and school. A graduate student at the University of Missouri- Dent County Historical Society Columbia, he is completing his thesis A covered-dish supper preceded the on this subject. March 9 meeting at the community center in Salem. Mr. and Mrs. Jim Scott, representing the James Founda­ Friends of Arrow Rock tion of St. James, presented the pro­ The Friends sponsor daily walking gram. They showed a film depicting tours of restored buildings in Arrow the "Rise and Fall of Meramec Iron­ Rock from Memorial Day through La­ works." bor Day. Special rates are available Officers elected for the coming year for prearranged groups of 25 or more. were Mrs. Ollie Baker, president; Interested persons may write Mrs. Mrs. Grace Wingfield, vice president; Cora Lee Miller, Arrow Rock, Mis­ Miss Ralpha M. Peck, secretary; and souri 65320, or call (816) 837-3309. Phyllis Cox, treasurer. Friends of Keytesville Ferguson Historical Society The Friends have announced the Members participated in the an­ beginning of the 20th season for the nual Ferguson Flea Market, April 29. Sterling Price Museum in Keytesville. Mrs. Phil Sheridan had charge of the It officially opened May 1 and event. will continue in operation, Tuesday Florissant Valley Historical Society through Saturday from 2 to 5 P.M., Slides of historic Florissant high­ May 1-October 31. It is closed on lighted the April 6 meeting at Taille Sunday and Monday. Eugene Kistler de Noyer in Florissant. serves as host. Historical Notes and Comments 463

Friends of Missouri Town-1855 is now open for the season from 1 The Friends held a potluck dinner to 4 P.M., Sundays and Tuesdays. and meeting, February 10, at the Greene County Historical Society Main Fire Station in Lee's Summit. Mrs. Betty Jane Turner, vice presi­ Officers elected were Dick Hart, presi­ dent of the Greene County Historic dent; Darlene Robinson, vice presi­ Preservation Society, presented the dent; Norma Phillips, treasurer; and program at the February 23 meeting, Gloria Gibson, secretary. in Calvert's Cafeteria, Springfield. She The April 7 meeting at Old Wood's spoke on "What is Happening in Chapel, Lee's Summit, included a Historic Preservation in Springfield." special 1850s evening of music, song She told about progress in the acquisi­ and dance in celebration of the dance tion, moving and eventual restora­ group's 6th anniversary. tion of the Gray/Campbell House, a historic site threatened by highway Graham Historical Society construction. She also reported on the The Society met on April 16 at the successful efforts of the Springfield home of Mrs. Hershal Nelson in Gra­ Historical Sites Board to relocate an ham. Mary Murphy, County Clare, 1889 carriage house that was destined Ireland, spoke on the differences and for demolition in downtown Spring­ sameness of Ireland and the United field. States. A teacher, she is spending a On March 22, Herbert Turner pre­ year traveling throughout the U.S. sented a nostalgic look at South Camp­ The Society presented a slide pro­ bell Avenue, a once thriving business gram on "Mortuary Art and Cultural street in downtown Springfield. For Diffusion of Nodaway County with nearly 70 years, his family operated Special Emphasis on Hughes Town­ a department store on that street un­ ship," at the Graham Community til the business closed in 1977. Building on April 24. Dr. Hilayne Grundy County Historical Society Cavanaugh, professor of Literature, During the winter months, members University of Nebraska, Lincoln, and did major repair work on the Grundy Tom Carneal, professor of History, County Museum, Trenton, in prepara­ Northwest Missouri State University, tion for the formal opening, May 5-6. Maryville, served as guest speakers. A New displays have been arranged. grant from the Missouri Committee for the Humanities funded the project. Phoebe Apperson Hearst A second presentation of the program Historical Society occurred on May 27, at the Graham The Society held its annual Arbor Community Building. Day meeting, April 15, at Hearst Park The Society's genealogical file con­ near St. Clair, Members worked at the tinues to grow and presently totals park and added memorial plantings. more than 75,000 cards. Henry County Historical Society More than 70 members and guests Grand River Historical Society attended the Society's dinner meeting, A carry-in dinner preceded the March 15, in the Holy Rosary Church, quarterly meeting, April 10, at the Clinton. Representatives from various Community Room of the Coburn towns of the area presented the pro­ Building, Chillicothe. Dr. Frank Stark, gram. They told historical facts about president, showed slides of historic their towns and events that had oc­ buildings in Chillicothe. The museum curred through the years. 464 Missouri Historical Review

Higbee Area Historical Society Colonial Federal Savings k Loan. They The Society has merged into the told about the historical survey in newly organized Higbee Community downtown Cape Girardeau, the first Betterment Association and will oper­ step toward redevelopment of that ate as one of its committees. This will area. Ted Hoener, showed slides of allow a few interested persons to con­ New Harmony, Indiana. The Associ­ tinue the Society's objectives of ceme­ ation sponsored a tour of that area tery preservation and publishing a on May 12. B. W. Harrison and Mrs. local volume of history. Using the Hig­ Mary Helen Flentge organized the bee News for the period 1890s to tour. 1950 as a basis, material for a planned Members held their annual picnic history of the Higbee area is being at Glenn House, May 20. Mrs. Ken­ compiled. Persons interested in the neth Bender presented certificates in­ project should contact Cary Bankhead, dicating that the Glenn House and Box 38, Higbee, Missouri 65257. Reynolds House are on the National Register of Historic Places. Historic Hermann Officers for 1984-1985 are Mrs. Historic Hermann reports that the James E. Palen, president; Donald B. German School Museum, at 312 Schil­ Kraft, vice president; Dr. Tom H. ler Street, is open daily from 10 A.M. Gerhardt, executive director; Mrs. to 5 P.M. The Cooperage Craft Center, Michael L. Richey, recording secretary; under the direction of Alice Jacobson, Mrs. M. E. Hall, corresponding sec­ is located at 338 East First Street and retary; and Mrs. John F. Edmundson, also is open daily during the same treasurer. hours. The craft center offers hand­ crafted items for sale. Historical Association of Officers include Gennie Tesson, Greater St. Louis president; Kathryn Klinge, secretary; On March 25, the Association spon­ and Arlie Scharnhorst, treasurer. sored the third in a series of Ralph P. Bieber Memorial Lectures at St. Stan­ Historical Association of islaus Jesuit Historical Museum, Flor Greater Cape Girardeau issant. Richard Wells, a Ph.D. candi­ On February 17, Mrs. James A. date in American Studies, St. Louis Kinder and Mrs. Lyle A. Davis, chair­ University, spoke on "Elizabeth Green, women of the 1983 Heritage Ball, Patron of the Arts in St. Louis." turned over proceeds from that event Lawrence O. Christensen, professor to the Association. The amount, used of History at the University of Mis­ for maintenance and restoration work souri-Rolla, presented the fourth lec­ on the Glenn House and Reynolds ture, May 4, at Wydown Junior High House, totaled $11,400. School, Clayton. His address was en­ A Victorian tea and autograph party titled, "Black St. Louis: Black Lead­ occurred, March 5, in the Glenn House. ers in our Community, 1820-1916." Missouri's First Lady Carolyn Bond attended the celebration for the sale Historical Society of Polk County and autographing of the new book, The Society met January 26, in the Past & Repast, the History and Hos­ museum at Bolivar. Following a short pitality of the Governor's Mansion. business meeting, Dr. Mark C. Stauter Dr. Arthur Mattingly and Profes­ presented a slide program on the sor Bob White presented the program preservation of old documents. Dr. at the March 12 meeting, in the Stauter is associate director at Rolla Historical Notes and Comments 465 of the Joint Collection, University of reorganized space which houses the Missouri Western Historical Manu­ Society's archives and research library. script Collection-State Historical So­ ciety Manuscripts. Jasper County Historical Society William R. Kallenbach gave the Members held their March 25 meet­ program at the March 29 meeting. ing in the Community Room of the He told about the early years of the Charter Bank of Carthage. Mrs. Polk County Junior Livestock Show, Charles Krummel spoke on "Missouri which he illustrated with slides. History in Public Schools." Mrs. Krum­ mel, a fourth grade teacher at Haw­ Historical Society of University City thorne School in Carthage, told about A slide presentation on "Old St. the textbook and sources used by her Louis Homes" highlighted the meet­ students and their projects relating ing, May 8, in the University City Li­ to Missouri history. brary Auditorium. Noted St. Louis broadcast journalist Julius Hunter Johnson County Historical Society gave the program. Mr. Hunter is au­ The Society held its spring meeting thor of the book, Kingsbury Place: on May 6, at the Old Courthouse in The First 200 Years. Warrensburg. Members discussed plans Members of the Society conducted for the county sesquicentennial cele­ tours of City Hall on May 28. The bration. The Society has applied for tours were given in conjunction with a grant to assist in preparing two the city's annual Memorial Day Run. permanent exhibits to mark the an­ City Hall is a unique octagonal build­ niversary. ing, designed by Herbert C. Chivers Joplin Historical Society and built in 1903. On March 25, members celebrated Iron County Historical Society Joplin's 111th birthday, in the Doro­ The Society commemorated its 10th thea B. Hoover Museum, Schiffer­ anniversary, April 16, at the First Bap­ decker Park, Joplin. Mark Spangler tist Church, Ironton. Mrs. Marshall gave the program on the Civil War. Keathley, a geologist with the Den­ Kansas City Westerners ver, Colorado, Museum, was the guest The Posse met February 14, in the speaker. She addressed the group on Homestead Country Club, Prairie "Rocks and Minerals of Missouri." Village, Kansas. Professor John Rags- Marshall W. Keathley presented the dale of the Law Department at the Lester Keathley Rock and Mineral University of Missouri-Kansas City, Collection to the Society. Members presented the program. He described and guests viewed the collection fol­ and related the archaeology of the area lowing the program. known as Chaco, New Mexico. A Na­ Jackson County Historical Society tional Indian Reservation, it is lo­ The Society held its annual meeting, cated 300 miles south of Mesa Verde, January 29, in the Independence near Thoreau, New Mexico. Square Courthouse. Members gathered Dr. Harmon Ross Mothershead in the Harry Truman Courtroom showed a film, On the Cowboy Trail, where they viewed "The Man From at the March 13 meeting. The film Independence," a multiple projector featured contemporary ranching in slide show on the life of the 33rd the Tongue River Valley of Montana. president of the United States. The Dr. Mothershead is chairman of the group also toured the expanded and Department of History/Humanities at 466 Missouri Historical Review

Northwest Missouri State University, speaker. He related many anecdotes Maryville. about Truman and told about plans for commemorating Truman's 100th Kingdom of Callaway birthday this year. The meeting also Historical Society included a drawing of Truman mem­ Members held their March 19 meet­ orabilia. ing at the First Presbyterian Church, Fulton. Warren Welsh discussed the Landmarks Association of St. Louis compliments and criticisms of the new The Association, in conjunction with History of Callaway County Missouri the St. Louis County Historic Build­ 1984. The Society presented an en­ ings Commission and the Jefferson graved pen and life membership to National Expansion Memorial, spon­ Mr. Welsh and a gift certificate to sored a reception, April 27, in the both Mr. and Mrs. Welsh for their Old Courthouse, St. Louis. The event work on the county history. celebrated the opening of an exhibit, At the April 16 meeting, Evelyn "Historic Buildings in St. Louis Berry gave the program, "Kingdom County." A grant from the Missouri City in the Early 1930s." She described Committee for the Humanities sup­ the construction of Highway 40 and ported the project. its effect on the Kingdom City area. The Society's Tuttle House Museum Lawrence County Historical Society is now open Sundays, 2-4 P.M.; Some 40 members attended the meet­ Wednesdays, 1-4 P.M.; other times by ing on March 18, in Jones Memorial appointment. Building, Mt. Vernon. Fred Mies­ winkel presented the program, the Laclede County Historical Society "Turnback Story," on the history of Members met, March 26, at Wyota the first settlement in Lawrence Inn in Lebanon. Doug Ladd, state County in 1830. park naturalist, gave a program de­ scribing the relationship between the Lewis County Historical Society spring and plant and fish life. Members met, April 3, in the Senior On April 1, the Laclede County Housing Center, Canton. During the Museum opened for the spring, sum­ business session, they discussed pro­ mer and fall months. posals for future program participa­ tion. Lafayette County Historical Society A soup and sandwich luncheon, Mid-Missouri Civil War provided by Mr. and Mrs. Laurence Round Table Sanders, preceded the business meet­ Bill Fannin gave a presentation on ing, February 4, in the Senior Citizen "Winter Quarters" at the December Center, Odessa. Several reports were 15 meeting at Lohman's Landing in given including one on genealogy re­ Jefferson City. He used slides to il­ search by Mrs. Donald Samuels. Mrs. lustrate the first person descriptions of Mattie Bess Ryland, a former teacher, daily camp routine, methods of win­ presented the program on Odessa and ter hut construction and related prob­ Sni-A-Bar Township. lems. John Adams provided the sec­ On April 24, the Society held the ond portion of the program, a slide annual spring dinner meeting at the presentation and talk on artifacts Lexington Inn. Benedict Zobrist, di­ found at a winter camp site near rector of the Harry S. Truman Li­ Otterville. He and others displayed brary in Independence, was the guest Civil War relics. Kathy Fannin gave Historical Notes and Comments 467 ra slide presentation on Civil War bridges throughout the state includ­ Christmases. Terri Rohlfing described ing Hoecker and Singer bridges in traditions and decorations including Miller County. Dr. Stauter is associ­ a Victorian Christmas tree for which ate director at the University of Mis­ she had made ornaments for display. souri-Rolla of the Joint Collection, Over 60 persons attended the Janu­ University of Missouri Western His­ ary 31 meeting of the Round Table. torical Manuscript Collection-State Phil Gottschalk served as coordinator Historical Society of Missouri Manu­ for the presentation on the Battle of scripts. The Society presented a spe­ Pea Ridge, Arkansas. He used slides cial award to Nova Humphrey Land to describe the combatants and set in appreciation for her many volun­ the stage for the battle centered teer hours at the historical museum. around Elkhorn Tavern. Jim Robert­ Officers elected were Peggy Smith son presented a discussion of the first Hake, president; Ruth Porter, vice day of the battle. State Senator Emory president; Eula Fischer, secretary; and Melton, of Cassville, had prepared de­ Carl Kemna, treasurer. tailed maps and related information on the final day of the battle and Moniteau County Historical Society its aftermath. The Society met on January 16, at The meeting on March 27, featured the Christian Church Fellowship Hall a program "On the Home Front." in California. John Williamson, pro­ Kathleen Fannin showed slides and gram chairman, introduced Chuck presented information on how both McCullough with the Conservation Northern and Southern noncomba- Department of Missouri as the guest tants coped with the shortages, de­ speaker. He showed slides and told spair and fear associated with the about restoring otters to Missouri. Civil War. Dr. Charles Mink, with The March 19 meeting featured a the History Department of Lincoln program by James Denny of the Di­ University, Jefferson City, discussed vision of Parks and Historic Preserva­ the home front in Missouri. He also tion, Missouri Department of Natural presented a talk on the infamous Resources. He related information Order No. 11 and its effects in west­ about what the division does to pre­ ern Missouri. serve history. Steve Rudloff and Steve Yoakum as­ The Society continues to solicit or­ sembled over 80 slides on the topic, ders for a reprint of the Moniteau "The Battle of Shiloh/Pittsburg Land­ County Missouri History, originally ing," for the April 24 meeting. The published in 1980. Orders may be ad­ presentation featured maps, photos dressed to P.O. Box 263, California, and paintings of one of the bloodiest Missouri 65018. battles of the war. Montgomery County Miller County Historical Society Historical Society Some 65 persons attended the April The Society held its annual dinner 8 quarterlv meeting at the courthouse meeting on April 26, at the Society's annex in Tuscumbia. A special pro­ building in Montgomery City. Patrick gram and business meeting followed Steele, executive secretary of Missouri a potluck dinner. Dr. Mark Stauter Heritage Trust, presented the pro­ presented a slide and lecture program gram. He showed slides and spoke on on the mining process in Missouri. "Churches of Montgomery County." He also showed slides of old swinging The Schowengerdt family has given 468 Missouri Historical Review the Society the Christian church build­ a year's work, the pictorial history of ing in Belltlower. A local group has Neosho has been completed. The So­ organized to oversee its preservation. ciety also announced a new mailing address. Please send all correspondence Morgan County Historical Society to: Newton County Historical Society, The Society met on February 20, at P.O. Box 675, Neosho, Missouri 64850. the Bank of Versailles. Members dis­ cussed plans for repairing and re­ Nodaway County Historical Society storing the old Martin Hotel building Members held the January 23 meet­ in Versailles. ing at the Alumni House, Northwest On April 2, the Society held the Missouri State University, Maryville. annual pancake day at the Pioneer Tom Carneal, a professor at the uni­ Restaurant in Versailles to raise funds versity and first vice president of the for the museum. Society, showed slides and told about The Morgan County Historical Mu­ his trip to Russia in the summer of seum, located in the old Martin Hotel 1983. building, opened to the public on The February 27 meeting featured June 1. Special displays of items used a program by Harry Glass. An educa­ in the operation of the hotel com­ tor and minister, he related experi­ memorate the 100th anniversary of ences during 23 years spent in Hong the building. The museum remains Kong, China and Japan. open from 1:00 to 5:00 P.M., Monday The Society reported that the recon­ through Saturday, until September 1. struction of the front porch at the John G. Neihardt Corral of museum home had been completed. the Westerners Built in 1846, the home is one of the Bob Dyer, singer, songwriter, poet earliest structures in Maryville. As a and historian, presented the program result of a generous gift from the at the March 8 meeting at the Hay- late Mrs. Joseph Dreps, the Society market Restaurant in Columbia. His has retired the debt on the house. talk and songs related to "River of the Officers of the Society are Mrs. Iris Big Canoes." Litten, president; Tom Carneal, Mrs. The April 12 meeting featured a Dale Bird and Edgar Williamson, vice program on "The Boonslick Trail presidents; Clarence Lloyd, secretary; Through Callaway and Boone Coun­ Mrs. Eugene Hall, corresponding sec­ ties." William Hamilton, a retired retary; and Edwin Brewer, treasurer. postal official of Fulton, gave the Old Trails Historical Society program. The February 15 meeting at the Tom Ladwig, newspaperman, colum­ Daniel Boone Branch Library in Ellis- nist and former professor at the Uni­ ville featured a slide program by versity of Missouri, gave a talk at archaeologist Neathery Fuller. She and the May 10 meeting. He spoke on her husband conducted the excavation "Hannah Cole, First White Woman of a prehistoric Mississippian Indian west of the Missouri River." home at Thornhill, the Governor Newton County Historical Society Frederick Bates home in Faust Park. Members held the March 11 meeting The Society's board designated the in the Americana Room of the Bank March 21 meeting as an idea forum. of Neosho. The program featured Members discussed the future of the a slide presentation on historic Neo Bacon Cabin and the Society, includ­ sho. The Society reported that after ing suggestions for fund-raising events, Historical Notes and Comments 469 activities, meeting programs and mem­ He related information on the com­ bership drives. The group also held munity of LaMonte. a silent auction with the proceeds go­ ing to the Society. Phelps County Historical Society At the April 18 meeting, Paul For the past two years, the Society Schroeder, an 80-year resident of Man­ has held its meeting at a historic chester, shared his memories of the building and featured the program early years and development of the about the building. The Society met area. Long active in civic affairs, he on April 15, at the Christian Scientist recently had been honored when the Church of Rolla. One of the oldest city of Manchester renamed the city buildings in town, the structure orig­ park after him. inally had been the first Roman Cath­ olic Church of Rolla. Earl Strebeck Pemiscot County Historical Society gave a program on the "Old Roman B. F. Rogers, mayor of Caruthers­ Catholic Church." Members established ville, was the guest speaker at the a schedule for cleaning and preparing January 27 meeting at Colonial Fed­ the museum for its opening on May 1. eral Savings and Loan in Caruthers­ Pike County Historical Society ville. He spoke on "My Experiences Over 60 members and guests at­ in the U.S. Navy During World War tended the April 10 meeting at the II." Curryville Community Building. Pat­ The February 24 meeting featured rick Steele, executive vice president of "A History of Social Services in Pemi­ Missouri Heritage Trust in Jefferson scot County," by Jessie Markey. The City, discussed a historical and cul­ program related the changes over the tural survey of Pike County. He also last fifty years in aid from pauper showed slides of typical historical and aid to poor farms to today's highly architecturally unique buildings. organized financial assistance, medical The Society reported that it had services and food stamps. approved donations from the profit W. F. Clark spoke on "Early Rail­ made on the sale of county history roads in Pemiscot County" at the books for several projects. The proj­ March 23 meeting. The railroads met ects include the restoration of Honey- the need in transporting lumber pro­ shuck at Bowling Green; the Arts cessed from virgin timber in the low­ Council museum in Clarksville; plaques lands to the Mississippi River. Some for two historic locations; a booklet of the narrow guage railroads had describing historic sites in the county; colorful names and used hardwood and funding to assist the DAR com­ rails instead of steel. They played an mittee in cataloguing county ceme­ important part in the development of teries. the county. Platte County Historical Society Pettis County Historical Society The Society sponsored the first re- The Society met on January 23, at enactment of the Civil War battle the courthouse in Sedalia. Earl Craw­ fought at Camden Point in Platte ford, a local attorney, gave a talk on County. On March 31 and April 1, "The Barefoot Nation in Pettis Crowley's Clay County Re-enactors County." camped at the site of the battle where James Ripley, president of the La- six Platte Countians were killed. The Monte Community Bank, presented Society is restoring the Old Camden the program at the March 26 meeting. Point Confederate Cemetery, their 470 Missouri Historical Review burial place. The reenactment group 26-28. The library on the first floor rededicated the monument to Con­ is much larger than before. The black federate soldiers, the first erected west history room, the souvenirs of 1904 of the Mississippi River. from the St. Louis collection and the Mrs. Lucille Eskridge serves as the international room all feature more 1984-1985 president of the Society. space and better viewing. An en­ larged and improved costume room Pleasant Hill Historical Society features three lighted cases. The At the April 29 meeting at the mu­ newly created doctor's room contains seum in Pleasant Hill, Marjorie Buck- a walnut desk used by Dr. C. B. Shot- ner presented the program. She spoke well many years ago. Located at the on the formation of the Society. The west end of Royle Street in Rich­ Society reported many improvements mond, the museum is open from 1 to have been made at the museum in­ 5 P.M. on Sunday, and 9 A.M. to 5 P.M., cluding new curtains, doors and paint­ Wednesday through Saturday. ing. Raytown Historical Society Pony Express Historical Association On April 7, the Society held a Association members held their Feb spaghetti dinner at Smith Brothers ruary 5 meeting at Patee House Mu­ Hall in Raytown. The fund-raising seum in St. Joseph. Sheridan Logan event also included a gift shop booth presented a program on "Abe Lin­ and a drawing for a television. coln in St. Jo." Ray Waldo showed Members met at the museum in slides relating to Lincoln. Raytown, on April 25, for the quar­ Marion Ganote related the history terly meeting. The program and the and demonstrated several varieties of exhibit at the museum during April antique music boxes at the March 4 featured "Raytown Churches, Then meeting. and Now." The April 8 meeting featured a pro­ gram on "Was It Really Jesse James?" St. Charles County by Gary Chilcote. Historical Society The Association reported that the The Society held its 23rd annual Jesse James Home opened for the antiques show and sale, March 16-18. season on February 22, and will re­ at the Holiday Inn of St. Peters/St. main open on a daily basis through Charles. Over 30 exhibitors from six October. On March 31, the Patee states participated. House Museum opened for the spring Members met on April 26, for the season. During April, schools and annual meeting at Lindenwood Col­ other groups were admitted free of lege, St. Charles. Bob Dyer, a singer, charge. Beginning May 5, the museum songwriter, poet, historian and teacher, changed to summer hours being open presented the program. daily. St. Francois County Ray County Historical Society Historical Society Members of the Society moved The Society met on January 25, at furniture, cleaned floors and remod­ the Ozarks Federal Savings and Loan eled part of the Ray County Museum Building in Farmington. The program during the spring. Six rooms at the featured slides of historic Ste. Gene­ museum had been moved and pre­ vieve. pared for viewing during the Mush­ Ann Caroline Tetley and George room Festival in Richmond on April Bohs presented the program at the Historical Notes and Comments 471

February 22 meeting. They showed Lorren Leatherman, a conservation slides of old homes in Farmington. agent, gave the program. He showed The March 28 meeting featured a a film on protecting the environment round table discussion of the contri­ and answered questions from the audi­ butions of German settlers and their ence on related local topics. descendants in St. Francois County. Bill Blue of Rolla gave the program Scotland County Historical Society at the April 25 meeting. He spoke on The Society met at the Downing Anna Blue Lloyd and family history. House Museum in Memphis on March 26. Earland Bergland, an AFS student Saint Joseph Historical Society from Norway and a senior at Memphis The Society held an open house on High School, gave the program. He May 20, at Robidoux Row, 3rd and showed slides and told about the Poulin, St. Joseph. Anna Henkoski schools, work, sports and other ac­ had planted spring flowers in the gar­ tivities in his homeland. den in preparation for the event. James Kice presented the program Robidoux Row opened for visitors on at the April 23 meeting of the Society. May 1, and has extended hours this His slide presentation featured his year. The site is open from 12 to 4 "People to People" tour of Europe P.M., Tuesday through Friday, and 1 last summer. to 5 P.M., Saturday and Sunday. The Society reported that it is re­ decorating the kitchen at the museum St. Louis Westerners and has uncovered the last of six fire­ Members held the February 17 meeting at the Salad Bowl cafeteria in places and an original brick wall. St. Louis. Robert J. Cook, M.D., pre­ When paint, new wallpaper and floor sented a talk on Bent's Old Fort. Each covering finish the kitchen project, member received a packet of pictures, restoration of the museum will be maps and diagrams of the fort. It was complete. The museum is open for the oldest, largest and most important visitors from noon until 4:30 P.M., fur-trading post on the great plains. Monday through Friday.

Saline County Historical Society Scott County Historical Society On May 5, the Society held the Members met on February 6, at the Buckner Ball at 125 North Brunswick courthouse in Benton. George Ketcham in Marshall. presented a program on antique fire­ arms. Schuyler County Historical Society The March 5 meeting featured a Some 30 members attended the April presentation by Professor Frank Nic­ 8 quarterly meeting in the Green Val­ hols. He addressed the Society on the ley rural school building on the mu­ "Southeast Missouri Safari." seum grounds in Lancaster. They ap­ Officers of the Society are Eugene proved the completed restoration work Diebold, president; Ramona Glastet- and made suggestions for further au­ ter, vice president; Lavonda Grubb, thentic furnishings and improvements. secretary; and Sarah Gibbs, treasurer. Phillip and Karen Homer and Tom and Joan Webster were awarded life Shelby County Historical Society memberships in appreciation and rec­ The April 3 meeting at the Mercan­ ognition of outstanding contributions tile Bank in Shelbina featured a pro­ to the Society in connection with the gram by Larry Rutter of the Kansas log house. An anonymous donor pro­ State Historical Society. Titled "Coun­ vided these memberships as a gift. try School Legacy: Humanities on the 472 Missouri Historical Review

Frontier," the presentation included Stone County Historical Society an exhibit of pictures of old school Over 20 members and guests at­ houses and pupils, a film on early tended the March 4 meeting at the schools and booklets relating to the Reeds Spring High School Library. topic. During the discussion period Bob McGill, Stone County extension several Shelby County retired teach­ 4-H director, presented the program. ers added their experiences. He reported that about 35 students During the summer the Society's in Reeds Spring are involved in writ­ museum in Shelbina opened on Wed­ ing the Reeds Spring history and re­ nesday afternoon or by appointment. producing old area photographs. Bob DaForce and Nelson Holt serve as resource people for the project. Smoky Hill Railway and Historical Society The Society held its February 10 Union Cemetery Historical Society meeting at Farmland Industries, Kan­ Organized in February, the Society sas City. A. J. (Pete) McMasters plans to develop a systematic docu­ showed videotapes he made while mentation of the early Kansas Citians aboard the last run of the Rio Grande interred in Union Cemetery. The Zephyr. group meets on the fourth Saturday, Ed Chambers gave a slide show of monthly, usually in the Loose Park motive power and rolling stock of the Garden Center in Kansas City. Of­ Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad at the ficers of the Society are Jan Anderson, March 9 meeting. He also displayed president; Steve Graues, vice presi­ HO-scale models of MKT diesels and dent; Betty Ergozich, treasurer; Delia cabooses. Downer, recording secretary; and Members met at Capitol Federal Sav­ Florence DeWitt, corresponding secre­ ings & Loan in Kansas City for the tary. April 13 meeting. The program fea­ tured the recent visit of Union Pacific Vernon County Historical Society steam locomotive 8444 to Kansas City. About 100 members and guests, the largest number for any Society indoor South East Missouri Civil War activity, attended the special meeting. Round Table March 4, in the City-County Com­ The Round Table held its Febru­ munity Center, Nevada. Robert W. ary 2 meeting at the Country Kitchen Crawford, an amateur Civil War his­ Restaurant in Annapolis. The pro­ torian of Jefferson City, gave the gram featured an old-fashioned round program. He spoke on the life and table discussion on Civil War subjects military career of General Joseph O. and a history quiz. Shelby, the Missouri Confederate cav­ Don Nixon, president of the Round alry commander during the Civil War. Table, spoke on the Battle of Lexing­ ton, Missouri, at the March 1 meeting. Webster County Historical Society Officers elected were Don Nixon, The Society meets on the second president; Jack Mayes, vice president; Monday every other month in the and Melba Nixon, secretary-treasurer. Older American Center in Marshfield. The April 5 meeting featured a talk The Society announced that its sum­ by John Scaggs of Fredericktown. He mer project will be the restoration of told about the Battle of Frederick- a log cabin to be moved to the town, Missouri. Marshfield City Park. Historical Notes and Comments 473

Webster Groves Historical Society Weston Historical Museum The Society met on March 1, at The opening of the museum occur­ Douglass Manor and presented a me­ red on March 15. Hours are 1 to 4 morial plaque for the building, form­ P.M., Tuesday through Saturday, and erly Douglass High School, the first 1:30 to 5:00 P.M., on Sunday. public high school for blacks in St. The group announced plans for the Louis County. The program also in­ old homes tour and heritage festival cluded Miles of Smiles, a motion pic­ in October. The event is held every ture relating the history of railroad fourth year. porters. Westport Historical Society Wentzville Historical Society The Society held its February 17 A film on Williamsburg highlighted meeting at St. Paul's Episcopal the March 19 meeting at Crossroads Church in Kansas City. Mrs. Jane F. Cafeteria in Wentzville. Flynn, administrator of the Land­ Officers elected for the 1984-1985 marks Commission of Kansas City, term are Gerald Matlock, president; presented the program. Entitled "Ar­ Ruby Menscher, vice president; John chitectural Heritage and Preservation Denny, second vice president; Barb Thereof," the slide show featured Mittelbuscher, secretary; Erna Braken- many Kansas City buildings and ef­ siek, treasurer; Mary M. Meyer, his­ forts in the last few years in relation torian; and Miriam Strunk, archivist. to historic preservation in the city.

Gospel for Boarders

Reedy's Mirror, March 10, 1916. The curate was engaged in a theological discussion with his landlady, and in the course of it asked: "And what do you think of the character of St. Paul?" The landlady answered: "Ah! he was a good soul. Do you remember how he once said we should eat what is set before us and ask no questions for conscience sake? I've often thought how I would have liked him for a boarder."

Always Hopeful

Reedy's Mirror, May 19, 1916. Former Speaker Cannon tells this story of his early impecunious days: "One of my friends was a struggling physician. Neither fame nor fortune had come to either of us, but we were always hopeful. The years had weighed heavily upon my friend, however, for he soon lost his hair, being quite bald. One day I greeted him with a beaming countenance, and exclaimed: 'What do you think, Henry? I have just bought an office safe.' 'Then, Joe,' said he, with the utmost gravity, 'I shall buy a hairbrush.' " 474 Missouri Historical Review GIFTS

Edwin H. Aehle, Branson, donor: Black and white lithograph of Colonel James A. Mulligan. A*

Joy Alexander, Shrewsbury, Pennsylvania, donor: Material on the Israel family. R

Anderson County Historical Society, Garnett, Kansas, donor: Black and white snapshot of Catholic Church, Cabool, Mo. E

James F. Antonio, Jefferson City, donor: Photograph of donor, Auditor, State of Missouri. E

John Ashcroft, Jefferson City, donor: Photograph of donor, Attorney General, State of Missouri. E

Mrs. Diane Ball, Boulder, Colorado, and Mr. and Mrs. James A. McKinney, Columbia, donors: James McWorkman Papers. M

Mrs. Karl Blumenhorst, St. Louis, donor: 1849 gold rush diary of John Wallace and material on the Wallace, Watts and Craig families, loaned for copying. M-STLff

Thurmond DeWitte Boaz, Jr., M.D., McLean, Virginia, donor: Frederick William Wenneker, Jr. (1822-1904) and His Descendants, com­ piled by donor and Elnora Mae (Wenneker) Smyser. R

Christopher Bond, Jefferson City, donor: Photograph of donor, Governor, State of Missouri. E

Edgar M. Branch, Oxford, Ohio, donor: Articles on Mark Twain, by donor. R

Jane McMillin Breckner, Clayton, donor: Copy of volumes I and II of the diary of Nancy Riley Clarke Salt. R

Paul Thurman Butler, Joplin, donor: The Descendants of James and Phoebe Butler and The Thurmans, both by donor. R

Mel Carnahan, Jefferson City, donor: Photograph of donor, Treasurer, State of Missouri. E

*These letters indicate where the gift materials are filed at Society head­ quarters: A refers to Art Room; R, Reference Library; RFC, Reference Fitz­ gerald Collection; E, Editorial Office; M, Manuscripts Collection; N, News­ paper Library; and B, Bay Room. ffLocated in Joint Collection, University of Missouri Western Historical Manuscript Collection-State Historical Society of Missouri Manuscripts, Thomas Jefferson Library, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, MO 63121. Historical Notes and Comments 475

Albert Cooper, Columbia, donor: A Personal and Family History, Vol. 1, 1866-1929, Vol. 2, 1929-1981, by Eric M. Hohn. R

Dr. and Mrs. John C. Crighton, Columbia, donors: Wood sculpture by Paul Morris Wright. A

Mrs. Harley W. Dauma, Little York, Illinois, donor: Collection of obituaries, marriages, news items, chiefly from Scotland County, Missouri newspapers with index. N

William R. Denslow, Trenton, donor: Programs and pamphlets and 150 photographs relating to events circa 1910, agriculture and engineering student activities, University of Missouri; St. Louis World's Fair, 1904; Macon and Trenton town activities; and Washington, D.C. R & E

Manfred Duerkob, St. Louis, donor: Fun & Fancy; Humorous Verse, by donor. R

W. B. Dyer, Cedartown, Georgia, donor: Dyer Family History From England to America 1600's to 1980, compiled by Watson B. Dyer and "Rambling Reminiscences . . . ," by Andrew Mc­ Lean McGregor, a Confederate veteran of the Civil War. R

Ruth Ewing, Grand Pass, donor: Ewing Family Papers. M

First Christian Church, Columbia, donor: Photographs of Dr. Winthrop Hartly Hopson, J. W. McGarvey, Luella St. Clair Moss, Dr. Stanley I. Stuber and snapshot of UMC Student Union. E

Dorothy Francis, Marshalltotcn, Iowa, donor: Six books by donor for the Fitzgerald Collection. RFC

Mrs. D. Goodrich Gamble, St. Louis, donor: Photographs of bridges, Experiment Farm, Napton, and portrait of Brig. Gen. Thomas Adams Smith and slides of Elephant Rocks, Current River and ferry. E

Roy B. Gerhardt, Lexington, donor: A History of the Lexington Public Schools, Lafayette County District R-V, Mo. 1968-1978, by donor. R

Mrs. Willie K. Norton Gill, Hayti, donor: The Hereditary Register of the United States of America, 1983. R

Mrs. Minnie S. Gingerich, St. Louis, donor t Three photographic postcards of Hooker, Missouri, ca. 1910-1912. E

Henry W. Hamilton, Marshall, donor: Data on the Missouri River and Saline County by John Newell. R 476 Missouri Historical Review

Annise Doring Heaivilin, Kansas City, donor: Grandma's Tea Leaf Ironstone: A History and Study of English and Amer­ ican Potteries, by donor. R William D. Hutsell, Lenexa, Kansas, donor: A Photo Heritage of the Hutsell and Thedford Families, by donor. R

James Memorial Library, St. James, donor: An index to obituaries and other types of death notices in the St. James Journal, August 28, 1896, through December 1950. N

Ruth Ray Johnmeyer, Fayette, donor: "History of William Wilburn Beaman and Elizabeth Wright Beaman," by donor. R

Robert Preston Kennedy, Kansas City, donor: Papers relating to the Preston and Kennedy families. M-KCf

Elder Russel Key, Moberly, donor: Fishing River Association of Primitive Baptists, Minutes, 1982, 1983 and tracts, by donor. R

Phyllis Kilmer, Clovis, New Mexico, donor: Mulvany Migration in N. America From the Land of the Shamrock, edited by donor. R

Lilburn A. Kingsbury, New Franklin, donor: Lilburn Kingsbury Collection including cemetery records. M

Truman Kirschner, Sedalia, donor: "Joe Boy's Story," by Joseph P. Kirschner, Jr. R

Kenneth R. Klamm, Jefferson City, donor: "Early Klamm Families of Clay and Platte County, Missouri, and Some of Their Descendants," compiled by donor. R

EHen Gray Massey, Lebanon, donor: Bittersweet Ten Year Index. R

Wayne Vandal Masterson, Bull Shoals, Arkansas, donor: Article on the Westlake family. R

Virginia Sheets Mayberry, Canton, Ohio, donor: "The David B. Sheets Family of North Carolina and Missouri, 1812- 1984." R

Mr. and Mrs. Jasper W. Meals, Fayette, donor: Pioneers of Pettis County, Missouri, Vol. II, compiled by Genevieve L. Carter. R

•j-Located in Joint Collection, University of Missouri Western Historical Manuscript Collection-State Historical Society of Missouri Manuscripts, Library, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110 Historical Notes and Comments 477

Jennifer Miller, Columbia, donor: Proud Son, Honored Father, by George Argus Miller. R

Ruth Minner and June Stubbs, Columbia, donors: "Parker's Funeral Home Records 1892-1925." R

Missouri Baptist Convention, Jefferson City, donor: Missouri Baptist Convention 1983 Annual. R

Morningside House, Inc., donor, through Robert J. Younger, Dayton, Ohio: The Witcher Family Cemetery. R

Mrs. Louise Moseley, Columbia, donor: History of Lenoir Memorial Home, Columbia, Supplement, 1983; Lenoir News, Vol. XI and report cards from Gladstone Public School, Kansas City, 1915-1920. R

Dr. Marian Ohman, Columbia, donor: Photograph by Oliver Schucard of Hunter-Dawson home, New Madrid County. E

Elaine Pohl, Columbia, donor: Material on St. Louis and Cooper County. R

Presbytery of Missouri Union, donor, through J. Joseph Trower, Jefferson City: Minutes of Stated Meeting, Presbytery of Missouri Union, 1983. R

Pete Prince, Morristown, Tennessee, donor: Prince Family Prince: the Story of 1400 Princes across America, by donor. R

Berniece Rabe, Sleepy Hollow, Illinois, donor: The Balancing Girl, by donor. RFC

Frederic D. Redeker, Jefferson City, donor: Richland Township, Gasconade County, Missouri, Tombstone Inscriptions (microfilm copy) , by donor. R

Vincent J. Reisch, St. Louis, donor: St. Lucy Parish, 25th anniversary booklet, 1982. R

John F. Riordan, Burbank, California, donor: John J. Riordan, Horses, Mules and Remounts: The Memoirs of a World War I Veterinary Officer, edited by donor. R

Mrs. Robert Rodgers, Clayton, donor: Matthews Family Papers. M

Kenneth J. Rothman, Jefferson City, donor: Photograph of donor, Lieutenant Governor, State of Missouri. E

St. Louis Genealogical Society, St. Louis, donor: Old Cemeteries, St. Louis County, Mo., Vol. III. R 478 Missouri Historical Review

Mrs. Harry Scurlock, Columbia, donor, through Mrs. Virginia Botts, Columbia: Materials relating to Columbia, Arrow Rock, Kansas City and St. Louis. R

Mr. and Mrs. Virgil Sharr, Maryville, donors: Grandpa Sharr Grandma Redmiller and You . . . , by donors. R

Mary Ann Smith, Fayette, donor: Union Academy School District, Minute Book. M

Mrs. Barney Stephens, Columbia, donor: Benjamin Stephens, His Descendants and Related Families and Leroy Hamilton, His Descendants and Related Families. R

Mary Strickrodt, Aurora, donor: Reproduction of lithograph, "Aurora, Missouri, 1891." A

Karen P. Wagner, Glen Haven, Wisconsin, donor: "Sugar Creek Church" (Cemetery). R

D. W. Ward, San Francisco, California, donor: "The Ward Family Genealogy—the Maternal side—James Jeffries Soldier of the Revolution and Joseph Wade Jeffries." R

Mary Chambers Wiese, Kirkwood, donor: Mary Wiese Papers and material on the Chambers family, loaned for copying. M-STL

Melissa Williams, Columbia, donor: Missouri Artists, exhibition catalogue. R

Paul E. Wilson, Lawrence, Kansas, donor: E. P. Banning Papers. M

Robert L. Wixom, Columbia, donor: Brochures on the 75th anniversary of the Missouri section of the American Chemical Society. R

Charles Rainwater Wollard for Missouri Society, Sons of the American Revolution, Kansas City, donor: Papers relating to the Missouri Society. M

Rhoda Wooldridge, Independence, donor: Books by donor for the Fitzgerald Collection. RFC

Ilene Sims Yarnell, Versailles, donor: "1844 Morgan County, Mo. Tax List," copy by donor. R

Appreciation Comes Too Late

St. Joseph Journal of Commerce, September 12, 1903. Prosperity is a blessing which we appreciate after it is too late to save the surplus. Historical Notes and Comments 479 MISSOURI HISTORY IN NEWSPAPERS

Anderson Graphic March 28,1984—Old area photographs.

Belle Banner February 29,1984—Old area photographs.

Bland Courier February 29,1984—Old area photographs.

Bloomfield Vindicator February 1,1984—"Bloomfield in 1909," a pictorial article.

Boonville Daily News February 1, 8, 22, 29, March 7, 14, 21, 28, April 4, 11, 18, 1984-"Remem- brances From the Friends of Historic Boonville," a series, featured historic sites, old photos and personalities of the area.

Braymer Bee April 5, 1984—"Memory Reflections [of Walter Ashworth] of One Room [Liberty Eagle] School," by Joan Hosman.

Brunswick Brunswicker February 16, 1984—Old area photograph.

Buffalo Reflex and Republican February 2, 1984—"Restored log buildings were [McCurry] family project," by Dale McCurry.

Butler Bates County News-Headliner February 8, 1984—"Nevada begins to pick up the pieces [after the Civil War]," by Reva Stubblefield.

Cabool Enterprise April 12,1984—Old area photograph. Canton Press-News Journal February 2, 15, March 8, 22, April 12, 19, 26, 1984—"Yesteryear's Pictures," a series. Cape Girardeau Southeast Missourian February 26, 1984—"[Edward Franklin] Blomeyer—[Louis] Houck tie dates to 1884." February 26—"Historic 'Old Shoe Factory' to be vacated." February 26—"Marquette [Hotel], a silent sentinel to city's past," by Mark Bliss. March 8, 29—Old area photographs. Carrollton Daily Democrat February 10, 24, March 2,9, 23, April 6, 27,1984—Old area photographs. Centralia Fireside Guard February 29, March 7, 1984—"from Columbia to Centralia—by rail," by Virginia Haux. 480 Missouri Historical Review

April 11—"Main Street, Mid Missouri Remembering Rowena," by Georganne Riggins.

Chaffee Signal February 15, 1984—"New Hamburg [St. Lawrence Catholic] Church Rich In History," by Pat Hindman.

Chillicothe Constitution-Tribune February 29, 1984—"Promontories and Landmarks [of Livingston Countv]." February 29, March 5—Old area photographs. March 14—"Gone now, Jimtown was once thriving riverside community," by Scott Vorbeck.

Clinton Democrat February 3, 7, 8, 10, 15, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, March 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12. 14, 19, 21, 22, April 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 13, 16, 17, 18, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 1984- "Remember When. . . ," a series, featured old area photographs. February 9—"Down to their death!! [train wreck on the Blair Line in 1896]," reprinted. February 20—"[Dorman] Home has lively history." April 13—"The Execution of [John W.] Patterson," Part I, by Joe Price, reprinted.

Columbia Daily Tribune March 25, 1984-"The Palette of Time [for Wilbur Phillips]," by Jeff Truesdell, photos by Gary Fandel.

Columbia Daily Tribune Extra March 21, 1984—A commemorative edition, "Daniel Boone Regional Library 1959-1984: 25 Going On. . ."

Columbia Missourian February 29, 1984—"Case of Bible salesman [C. J.] Chase interesting," by Tom Ladwig. April 1—"The [Santa Fe] trail Missourians who headed West opened trade and made money," by Tom Ladwig.

Concordia Concordian February 1, 1984—"Memories Of The Lexington Branch Line," by Nora Hartwig.

De Soto Press January 23, February 6,13, April 9,1984—Old area photographs.

Dexter Daily Statesman-Messenger February 2,1984—Old area photograph.

Edina Sentinel February 8, 1984—"Cottey college had Knox County founder [Virgina Alice Cottey Stockard]," by Lila Kennedy. February 15—"Killen history includes information on [James A.] Merri- wether shooting," by Robert Killen and Doug Wilson. March 7—"Early recollections of Baring published," by Mary E. O'Connor. Historical Notes and Comments 481

El Dorado Springs Star February 16, 1984—"Preserving Our Landmarks [hotels]: A Privilege And An Obligation," by G. Allene Reynolds.

Festus Democrat-Rocket February 28,1984—"How the town of Festus came to be."

Fulton Kingdom Daily Sun-Gazette February 19, 1984—"Missouri mules: They got smarts in disguise," by Joel Bleifuss. April 1—"Fulton's search to celebrate [its 125th anniversary]," by Joel Bleifuss.

Gainesville Ozark County Times February 8, 15, 22, 29, March 7, 14, 22, 28, April 4, 11, 18, 25, 1984-"Omrk Reader," a series, featured the history of Southern Missouri, reprinted.

Gallatin North Missourian February 15, 1984—"Carlow: Fighting against a ghost town label," by Peggy Wickizer, reprinted.

Gerald Star April 4,1984—"Looking Back at Gerald 80 Years Ago."

Grandview Jackson County Advocate May 3, 1984—"Harry S. Truman Centennial Issue" featured numerous his­ torical articles.

Greenfield Vedette March 8, 1984—"[Ebenezer] Presbyterian Church Is Over 100 Years Old," by Steven D. Smith.

Hannibal Courier-Post February 4, 18, March 10, 17, April 7, 21, 28, 1984-"ln days gone by," a series, featured old area photographs. March 8—"Flood [of Mississippi River at Marion City] came in 1863," by C. Leo Howdeshell. March 31—"Roy Hamlin—a legend in Hannibal," by Mary Lou Montgomery. April 20—"Burlington Northern [Railroad] plans to demolish historic roundhouse," by Gene Hoenes. Hermann Advertiser-Courier March 14,1984—Old area views. Hermitage Index January 26, February 16, March 8, 22, 29, 1984—"Hickory County History," a series, featured old area photographs. Independence Examiner April 26, 1984—"Old pictures reveal early story of utility [Missouri Water Company]." Jackson Cash-Book Journal February 15, 1984—"Bollinger County [Historical Society] claims historic [Massey] log cabin," by Linda J. Zimmer. 482 Missouri Historical Review

March 14—"St. John's [United] church [of Christ]—107 years young," by Mary Daume. Kansas City Star February 5, 1984—"When was the R. A. Long mansion built and what did it cost?" by Ted Findlay and Pat Schudy. February 5, 19, March 11, 25, April 1, 8, 15, 22, 29-A pictorial album, a series by John J. Doohan, featured events and scenes from Kansas City's past. April 2—"An Ionic testament to culture Old Public Library still is impres sive," by Donald Hoffmann. April 15—"The decline of a dream Country Club Plaza no longer true to planners' vision," by Donald Hoffmann. May 6—Four special sections commemorating the Harry S. Truman cen­ tennial featured the presidency, the early years, the stage is set and the legacy. Kansas City Times February 3, March 2, 16, 30, 1984—"Postcard From Old Kansas City," by Mrs. Sam Ray, featured respectively: Petticoat Lane; the Diamond Building at the Junction; Hotel Savoy; and Gladstone Boulevard, all in Kansas City. February 18—"Stately [Longview] farm [of Robert Alexander Long] lies fallow, waiting for restoration," by Lisa Massoth. April 28—"Death [of Count Basie] drives home plight of jazz site [in Kansas City]," by Howard Goodman and Lisa Massoth. Lamar Democrat February 28, 1984—"127 years of [Barton] county lore in courthouse at Lamar," by Opal Sims. Lebanon Daily Record February 8, 1984—Old area photograph. March 2—"History of Laclede County Courthouses," reprinted. Lexington News February 17,1984—"Hyatt home among Lexington's historical structures." Linn Unterrified Democrat March 14, 1984—"Salem [Presbyterian] Church [at Hope] preparing to cele­ brate 125th anniversary," by Joe Welschmeyer. Louisiana Press-Journal April 12, 1984—"[Jordan-Buffalo] Cemetery's Lively History Recalled," by C. Leo Howdeshell. Macon Chronicle-Herald April 13, 1984—"The Franke Family Photography and Jewelry Store," by Nancy Krueger. Marble Hill Banner-Press February 2, 1984—"Patton couple donates log [Massey] house to [Bol­ linger] county historical society." February 23—"Old photos recall famed train wreck at Marquand [in 1911]." Marshall Democrat-News March 14, 1984—" 'Muddy Mo' [Missouri River] played big role in area history," by Judge Rick Wilson. April 19—Articles commemorating Marshall's centennial in 1939, reprinted. Historical Notes and Comments 483

Maryville Daily Forum February 14, 1984—"Farming with horses: a view of yesterday," by Harold Hoyt. March 20—"A look at basketball from 1926 player [at Quitman]," by Harold Hoyt. March 31—"[Austin] Spoor Super Service Station one of Maryville's land­ marks." April 3—Old area photograph. April 28—"Schools change from one room establishments [in Maryville]," by Mark Henry. April 28—"Churches once were center of town [Maryville] life," by Laura Webb. April 28—"Polk Township Since 1910 'The mother of Maryville' [Mrs. Mary Graham]," by Diana Horn. Mexico Ledger March 7, April 10, 17, 1984—"Audrain's Yesteryears," a series, featured old area photographs. March 29—"Special Edition Salutes Area's Farming Industry," by Kay Speckhart. Moberly Monitor-Index March 11, 1984— "Hochberger Brewery Fast Fading Memory at Moberly." March 11—"Mrs. Miranda Hackley, Benevolent Moberly Citizen." This and the article above by Orville Sittler. Nevada Daily Mail March 21, 1984—A special section, "Cottey College: The First Hundred Years," featured numerous historical articles. New Haven Leader February 29, 1984-"The Tilda-Clara From 1880 to 1910: A Four-horsepower Ferryboat," compiled by Marie Egley Watkins. New Madrid Weekly Record April 20, 1984—"A History—Kewanee, Founded in 1907, Supported Two Hotels," submitted by Rev. Harold Henderson. Nixa Enterprise April 5, 1984—"The Katy [Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad]," by Paul W. Johns. Owensville Gasconade County Republican March 28, 1984—"Owensville a busy place in early 1900s," by Tom Warden. Ozark Headliner February 23, March 1, 1984—A two-part article on the Civil War in the Ozarks. This and the articles below by Paul W. Johns. March S-"The Flood of 1844." March 15—"Train Trestle Disasters [in Missouri]." March 29—"Col. [Homer F.] Fellows and the Springfield Wagon." Perryville Monitor March 1, 22, 1984—"Perry County Album," a series, featured Frohna build­ ings and Hazelbud Motor Co., Perryville. 484 Missouri Historical Review

April 72—"Perry County's most historic place [site of Bailey-Beauvais-Jones- Bush home and nearby home of the DeLassus family]," by Charles Weiss and Lou Hudson Pellican. Perryville Perry County Republic January 30, 1984—"Perry County Album" featured an old area photograph. February 7—"Log [Massey] house donated to Bollinger County Historical Society," by Linda Zimmer. Pineville McDonald County News-Gazette March 14,1984—Old area photograph. Pleasant Hill Times March 7, 1984—"Bank building becomes city landmark," by Nancy Edwards. Poplar Bluff Daily American Republic April 27,1984—Old area photograph. Richmond Daily News March 29, April 27,1984—Old area photographs. Ste. Genevieve Herald February 22, 1984—"The Bequette-Ribault House: Preserving A Life Long Past," by Kathleen Bullard. St. Joseph Gazette February 22, 1984—"Elmo residents hold community together," by John R. Mier. St. Joseph News-Press/Gazette March 24, 1984—"Do you remember Ferd Frankenhoff?" by Frederick W. Slater. March 24—"Resident's grandfather [Rev. Isaac Daniel Stephens] was cir­ cuit rider." St. Louis Globe-Democrat March 23, 1984-"Cleveland [High School]-alma mater to 125,000," by Charles E. Burgess. April 1— "Golden Times for the Goldenrod [showboat]." Scott City Jimplicute February 23, 1984—"[Mrs. Ramona] Glastetter Compiles History Of St. Lawrence [Catholic Church in New Hamburg]," by Pat Hindman. Sedalia Democrat February 19, 1984—"Rebels-only burial site [in Springfield] is opening to Yankees," by Jim Drinkard. February 22—"As [Nautilus] club [of La Monte] prepares to disband, members relive memories of Times Past," by Ron Jennings, photos by Dale Ruff. March 25—"Framed! [Don] Barnes gathers [Pettis County circuit court] judges' photos for courthouse," by Ron Jennings. Sikeston Daily Standard January 29, 1984—"Early Scott County history being detailed," by Steve Deere. April 2—"The floods of early 1937," reprinted. Historical Notes and Comments 485

April 23—"Pottery was [Scott] county's first major industry," by Edison Shrum. Springfield Daily News January 31, 1984—"What's in a name? People, places—some unlikely—live on in Missouri counties," by Al Carlson. January 31—" 'Old Hickory' [Andrew Jackson] leads the pack with 3 county namesakes," by Al Carlson. Stockton Cedar County Republican January 26, February 2, 9, March 8, April 5, 1984—"Cedar County yesterday," a series, featured old area photographs. Tipton Times March 8,1984—Old area photographs. Trenton Republican-Times April 27, 1984-"The History Of The [Quincy, Omaha and Kansas City Railroad] 'Hogback Road'." Tulsa [Oklahoma] World March 28, 1984—"Game's Same, Styles Have Changed [women's basketball team, 1903-1904, of Warrensburg Normal, now Central Missouri State Univer­ sity]," by Charlie Smith. Tuscumbia Autogram-Sentinel March 15, 1984—"Steamer J. R. Wells was finest on Osage [River]," by Homer C. Wright. Warrensburg Daily Star-Journal April 6, 1984—"[Warrensburg Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolu­ tion] DAR Observes 75th Anniversary," by Ruth Barber Dudley. Washington Missourian February 22, 1984—"Historian Tells of Formation Of the Franklin County Bank," by Ralph Gregory. April 11— "[Gottfried] Duden's Companion [Ludwig Eversmann] Has De­ scendant at New Haven," by Ralph Gregory. Waynesville Daily Fort Gateway Guide April 4,1984—"Mo. Hall Of Fame [Thomas J. Lee]," by Paul J. Hamilton. Webb City Sentinel February 17, 1984—"Ellie [Scott] revives Carl Junction historical home [built by Harve Chitwood]," by Marti Attoun. Webster-Kirkwood Times February 21-March 5, 1984—"Transport Museum [in St. Louis County] Full Steam Ahead," by Don Corrigan, photos by J. B. Lester. Weston Chronicle February 3, 1984—"Valuable Piece of History [boat ring] Preserved."

Willow Springs News February 2, 9, 16, 1984—"Remember When. . ." featured old area photo­ graphs. 486 Missouri Historical Review MISSOURI HISTORY IN MAGAZINES

Affton Historical Society, Oak Leaf, April, 1984: "Our 'Master Builder' [George Ingham Barnett]."

American History Illustrated, May, 1984: "[Scott Joplin] The King of Ragtime," by Brian McGinty.

Area Footprints, Genealogical Society of Butler County, August and November, 1983: "The Post Offices of Carter County, Missouri"; "First Post Masters of Carter County, Missouri"; "The Post Offices of Ripley County, Missouri"; "First Post Masters of Ripley County, Missouri."

Baden Banner, April, 1984: "Looking Backwards in Time [at Charles War mann's blacksmith shop]," by Ross Durbin.

Bear Facts, April, 1984: "[Harry S.] Truman, His early days in Missouri [Na­ tional] Guard," by Timothy R. Roberts; "World War I leads to 35th Di­ vision formation," by Orval Henderson.

Bear Times, Southwest Missouri State University, February 16, 1984: "Prison [Federal Medical Center in Springfield] serves country for 50 years," by Cammie McClennen; "Blacks prosper in old Springfield," by Jim Mc- Williams.

Bulletin, Johnson County Historical Society, April, 1984: "What Was Going On— 1834," by Helen Vogel; "Warrensburg's Oldest Rival [Harrodsburg]"; "1865: Warrensburg—Its Prospects," reprinted.

Carondelet Historical Society Newsletter, February, 1984: "Susan Blow Is Hon­ ored In Jefferson City"; "Childhood Recollections of Carondelet," by Mar­ garet D. Wright Collier.

Chariton County Historical Society Newsletter, April, 1984: "Some Early History of the Prairie Hill Area," by Mrs. Nettie (Stogell) Gaffron.

Chart, April 19, 1984: "In Perspective: Story of [Missouri Southern State] Col­ lege's progress told once again/' by Dr. Paul Shipman; "Building a [Missouri Southern State] college . . . naming its buildings [in Joplin]."

Clay County Museum Association Newsletter, February, 1984: "Research From Liberty Landing on the Missouri River to Fort Leavenworth, KS," by Vera Haworth Eldridge.

, March, 1984: "Cooley Lake Wildlife Management Area Clay County Missouri," by Vera Haworth Eldridge.

Collector's Page, Historical Society of University Citv Yoluiw I, Number 1: "University City Pottery," by Elinor Martineau G»yle.

DeKalb County Heritage, April, 1984: "Grandpa's [Absalom Riggs] House. Chapter 7." Historical Notes and Comments 487

Disciple, May, 1984: "His [John H. Booth] Kids Knew Who They Were," by Mabel Corrine Bergesen.

Farm & Home Go-Getter, February, March, April, 1984: "Farm & Home [Sav­ ings Association] Legends," a series.

Flyer, February, 1984: "Kansas City Railways 1860-1865," by Larry McDonald.

, April, 1984: "Let's Build A [Frisco] Railroad," Part 4, by Dorothy Lane.

Focus Midwest, Volume 15, Number 95: "George Salisbury, Jazz Pianist," by Helen Ashmore; "[Melvin B.] Tolson and the Harlem Renaissance," by Robert Farnsworth.

Freemason, Spring, 1984: "[Harry S.] Truman the Mason," by Charles W. Ohrvall.

Gateway Heritage, Winter, 1983-1984: "Volunteer Fire Fighting in St. Louis, 1818-1859," by Glen E. Holt; "'Touch Not a Stone:' An 1841 Appeal to Save the Historic Chouteau Mansion," by William E. Foley and C. David Rice; "America Views Her Indians at the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis," by Russell M. Magnaghi; "Charles A. Lindbergh's Papers: Aviation History Spiced with Hero Worship," by Jean Douglas Streeter; "Oscar Edmund Berninghaus, 1874-1952 St. Louis-Born Painter of Western Scenes," by Martin Kodner.

Gone West! Winter, 1984: "The Bents, St. Vrain And Their Fort," by Nancy Jane Cushing; "The Santa Fe Trade A Historic Sketch," by Barton Barbour.

Great Plains Quarterly, Winter, 1984: "Mapping the North American Plains: An Introduction," by Gary E. Moulton; "Patterns of Promise: Mapping the Plains and Prairies, 1800-1860," John L. Allen; "Mapping The Missouri River Through the Great Plains, 1673-1895," by WT. Raymond Wood; " 'A Chart in His Way': Indian Cartography and the Lewis and Clark Expedi­ tion," by James P. Ronda; "The Scientific Instruments of the Lewis and Clark Expedition," by Silvio A. Bedini.

Greene County Historical Society Bulletin, February, 1984: "The Gray /Camp­ bell House a sketch"; "The O'Day/McGregor Carriage House a sketch."

Historic Kansas City Foundation Gazette, January/February, 1984: "Kansas City- Architects: [Albert] Owen and [Charles] Payson," by Sherry Piland; "A Kansas City Postcard: The Nelson Gallery and Atkins Museum," by Mrs. Sam Ray.

, March/April, 1984: "A National Register Update [of historic sites and districts in Kansas City]," by Ellen J. Uguccioni; "The Coates House [Hotel]: Looking Back," by Sue Brower.

Interim, February, 1984: "All Saints' [Episcopal Church], Farmington, is peo­ ple," by the Rev. John C. Stone. 488 Missouri Historical Review

, March, 1984: "The Calvary [Episcopal Church], Co­ lumbia, congregation is best described as 'diverse'," by Owen Teague.

Jackson County Historical Society Journal, October, November, December, 1983: "New Publication Adds to Documentation And the Interpretation of Wornall House," by Janet Bruce; "Exploits of Frontiersman Would Have Made Him [Alexander Majors] An Astronaut Today," by Charles S. Stevenson; "Who Was Simon Few? Research Request Reveals Archives 'Treasure'," by Constance Soper; "Pioneers Were Artists With Seasonal Greenery," researched by Rene LaPlante Cable and Peggy Ott Lathrom.

James Farm Journal, March, 1984: "Dr. [Ruben] Samuel Identified—At last!" by Milt Perry.

Kansas City Town Squire, April, 1984: "Good Guys Gone Wxrong [Frank and Jesse James]," by Shifra Stein.

Kemperite, Winter, 1984: "Photos of Col. T. A. Johnston From 1869 until 1930."

Keys to Springfield, February, 1984: "Stampin' Grounds, Power Plant Play ground [Bagnell Dam and Lake of the Ozarks], Lewis & the Lions [Univer­ sity City]," by Bob Hammack.

, March, 1984: "Stampin' Grounds [stamps relating to Missouri]," by Bob Hammack.

Kirksville Magazine, Winter, 1984: "A 50-Year Grad's Recount Of His Kirks­ ville Years [in Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine]," by Frederick H. Taylor, DO.

Kirkwood Historical Review, September, 1982 [published 1984]: "Memories Of School Days In Kirkwood 1908-1920," by Elliott Jones; "Memories Of Luther Armstrong/' by H. K. Donnelly.

Laclede County Historical Society Newsletter, Spring, 1984: "Old Nebo Mill Remembered," by Kirk Pearce; "Jeffries Jottings, The Beginnings of La­ clede County," by Vic Jeffries; "Laclede County Jails and Sheriffs."

Lawrence County Historical Society Bulletin, April, 1984: "St. John's German Evangelical and Reformed Church, Verona, Missouri, 1892-1947," compiled by Derald Meyer; "Turnback Trails [old Spring River Campground and Spring River Congregation of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church]," by F. G. Mieswinkel; "Graramer [family]," by Fred G. Mieswinkel.

Missouri Alumnus, March-April, 1984: "[Journalism] J-School's 75th [anni versary at the University of Missouri-Columbia]."

Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin, February, 1984 '125 i, rs of Service 1859-1984 Anniversary Issue."

Missouri Municipal Review, February, 1984: "Troy Community Profile," by Mayor G. Howard Briggs. Historical Notes and Comments 489

March, 1984: "MML [Missouri Municipal League] Legislative History," by Alan Bailey; "Excelsior Springs Community Profile," by Molly Weis.

, April, 1984: "Ripe for the picking, Columbia," by Columbia City Staff; "[Harry S.] Truman Centennial Celebration," by Carolyn Mainey and Pat O'Brien.

Missouri Press News, April, 1984: "Vic Gierke To Receive [Journalism] Honor Medal."

Missouri Ruralist, April 14, 1984: "Preserving the past [at former home of Col. and Mrs. Alexander Richard Troxell in Columbia]," by Ruth Brent.

Mojuco [Moberly Area Junior College] News, December/January, 1984: "Mem­ ories [of building the college]," by Ralph Gerhard.

, February/March, 1984: "Memories [of basketball teams at the college]," by Ralph Gerhard.

Morningside Notes [March, 1984]: "President [Abraham] Lincoln and the Magoffin Brothers [Beriah and Ebenezer]," by William B. Claycomb.

Nebraska History, Winter, 1983: "Missouri Riverboat Wreckage Downstream from Yankton, South Dakota," by Paul M. Putz.

Newsletter of the Phelps County Historical Society, March, 1984: " 'Secure the Shadow': Civil War Photographs From Phelps County," by John Bradbury, Jr.; "A Few Rolla Place Names," by Sara Marchello; "A Few Contributions [to the study of Missouri place names]," by Jerry Cohen.

Ozark High School Observer, March 30, 1984: "Ozark schools progress 1843- 1984."

Ozarks Mountaineer, March-April, 1984: "Edith McCall—Versatile Ozarks Au­ thor," by Anita Michel; "Ozark Mill Artist [Don Draper]," by Kay Hively; "Virginia Craig—Good Friend, Great Teacher," by Lyle Owen; "A Bald Knobber Badge," by Douglas Mahnkey.

Park College Record, March, 1984: "The RECORD from the beginning (Part II) ."

Pemiscot County Missouri Quarterly, January, 1984: "History of Assembly of God Church of Caruthersville, Mo.," compiled by Pastor John S. Bell; "Catherine Lavonia (Greenwell) Latimer"; "History of Caruthersville Pub­ lic Schools Through 1934," compiled by Rachel Bloker Dawson.

Phelps Countian, March 12, 1984: " 'Uncle Fil' Hancock," by Lois Brown; "Leaves From My Book Of Memory My Ancestry," by Cora Vance Weber.

Pioneer Times, January, 1984: "A Chronology of the Principal Military Activi­ ties in the State of Missouri during the Civil War," edited by Billie H. Smith; "Arrow Rock," by Lew Larkin, reprinted. 490 Missouri Historical Review

, April, 1984: "Benjamin Payne Scrivner and the 7th Missouri State Militia Cavalry," by Charles Lee Scrivner; "Two Diaries of Henry J. Cook," by Maxine (Cook) Calderwood; "The Miller County Court House," by Peggy (Smith) Hake; "125th Anniversary Zion Lutheran Church [in Jefferson City] 21 July 1968," by Rev. Paul E. Leischner, sub­ mitted by Pearl Carrender; "Liberty Arsenal," by Lew Larkin, reprinted.

Platte County Missouri Historical & Genealogical Society Bulletin, Winter, 1984: "Samuel Benjamin Stuckey," contributed by Laverne S. Anderson; "In Grate­ ful Remembrance of Charles Clifford Galbraith," submitted by Darken (Hiatt) Peterson.

Prairie Gleaner, March 1983: "Jackson County, The Family of Henry Thompson & Martisha Taylor Ritter"; "Saline County, Salem Evangelical & Reformed Church," contributed by Mrs. E. O. Price; "St. Clair County, History of the Valley Center Ladies Aid Society," compiled by Mrs. Anna Shy.

, June, 1983: "Benton County, Information Related to Those Buried at the Harmony Baptist Church Cemetery," by Kathleen Kelly White and Kathleen White Miles, reprinted.

, September, 1983: "Benton County, The Harmony Baptist Church Centennial 1868-1968"; "Cass County, Memoirs of Marcus Henry Steely," excerpts contributed by Mrs. Dorothy Ostermann Mehrten; "Jackson County, The Family of Henry Thompson & Martisha Taylor Ritter."

, December, 1983: "Cass County, Memoirs of Marcus Henry Steely," excerpts contributed by Mrs. Dorothy Ostermann Mehrten; "The Family of Henry Thompson & Martisha Taylor Ritter"; "Johnson County, Rothwell Families," contributed by Homer R. Ficken.

, March, 1984: "Cass County, Manual of the Antioch Baptist Church"; "The Family of Henry Thompson & Martisha Taylor Ritter."

Preservation News, April, 1984- "Historic district shrinks around Harry's [Tru­ man] house [in Independence]."

Ray County Mirror, April, 1984: "Ray County in Morman History," by Richard L. Anderson, reprinted; "History of the Millville Community," by Char- lene Bryant Moyer; "County's Last [Tinsley] Hotel Building [in Hardin] Sold."

Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia, March- December, 1983: "Rock of Bronze A Study of the Submission of Peter Richard Kenrick To the Vatican I Definition of Papal Infallibility," by Rev. Timothy Francis Merrill.

Roberts Register, March, 1984: "Named for Roberts, Robertsville [in Franklin County, Mo.]." Historical Notes and Comments 491

St. Louis, March, 1984: "Scrapbook, The First Suburb [Kirkwood]," by George Lipsitz.

_ April, 1984: "Scrapbook, Four Play Why the [St. Louis baseball] Cardinals will win the pennant this year," by George Lip­ sitz; "Eads [Bridge] is Eads, less is best, and never Mark Twain shall meet . . . [the St. Louis riverfront area]."

Saint Louis Commerce, February, 1984: "Early women's magazines recipes, ro­ mance and suffrage [in The Woman's Magazine and Missouri Woman']," by Betty Burnett.

, April, 1984: "Century of Commerce Club to honor 13 new members [NCR Corporation, Streckfus Steamers, Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Co., Shaughnessy-Kniep-Hawe Paper Co., J. D. Streett & Co. Inc., Missouri Baptist Hospital, Staten Island Cleaners]"; "St. Charles," by Norbury L. Wayman; "when railroads had navies [train ferry boats]," by Wayne Leeman.

St. Louis Genealogical Society Quarterly, Spring, 1984: "The Remarkable Case of Mr. F. J. Heitkamp," by Maryhelen Wilson.

Santa Fe Trail Researchers Newsletter, March-April, 1984: "Some History of Cooper County," submitted by Lucille Fancier.

Ships Log, April 20, 1984: "Former Pirate [Todd Williams] Recalls TJC [Tren­ ton Junior College] 30 Years Ago," by Carrie Nichols.

Show-Me Libraries, February, 1984: "Missouri Territorial and State Censuses," by Mary Allcorn; "Fine Printing in Missouri From 1880 to 1930," by David Weaver.

, March, 1984: "The Center for Reformation Re­ search [in Clayton, Mo.]," by William S. Maltby; "Kenrick Seminary Library [in St. Louis]," by Reverend Myron Gohmann, C.P.; "Concordia Seminary Library [in Clayton]," by Reverend Mark Wangerin; "Religious Collections of the William Jewell College Library [in Liberty]," by John Young and Bonnie Knauss; "William Broadhurst Library of the Nazarene Theological Seminary [in Kansas City]," by Dr. William Charles Miller; "The Library of St. Stanislaus Jesuit Seminary Museum [in Florissant]," by NiNi Harris; "Saul Brodsky Jewish Community Library [in St. Louis]," by Lorraine Miller; "St. Mary Seminary College Library [in Perryville]," by Sister DePaul Schwinn, S.S.N.D.; "The Conception Abbey Library"; "The Archives and Historical Collections of the Episcopal Diocese of Missouri [St. Louis]," by Reverend Charles F. Rehkopf; "Concordia His­ torical Institute [in Clayton]," by Reverend Kurt Bodling and Dennis Goff.

Show-Me Postmaster, January-February, 1984: "PO [Tina Post Office] Marks Centennial."

South Dakota History, Winter, 1983: "The Literary Apprenticeship of Laura Ingalls Wilder," by William T. Anderson. 492 Missouri Historical Review

Springfield! Magazine, February, 1984: "Springfield's Pearl White: Queen of Movie Serials, Episode II The Perils of Pearl," by William H. Walter; "Passing of the Old Frisco Freight Station [in Springfield]," by Hay ward Barnett; "Durward Hall, Scouting Leader, Physician, Surgeon, Soldier & Statesman," by Betty Mason Turner; "When TV [KTTS-TV, Channel 10] Was Young, Doling School First Graders Predict Moon Landing"; "Your Neighbor's Faith: Evangel Temple [Christian Center] Got Its Start In Cow Barn"; "68 Years on the Methodist Circuit, Lycurgus Monroe Starkey, Sr.," by Ralph E. Dodge.

, March, 1984: "Durward Hall Scouting Leader, Phy­ sician, Surgeon, Soldier & Statesman," by Betty Mason Turner; "What Ever Happened to the Yellow Bonnet Girl [of Springfield Grocer Com­ pany]?" by Lloyd Purves; "Passing of the Old Frisco Freight Station [in Springfield]," by Hayward Barnett; "Springfield's Pearl White: Queen of Movie Serials Episode III The Pie Catcher," by William H. Walter; "When TV [KTTS, Channel 10] Was Young, Old Video Classroom Dramatized Process Of Learning Basics"; "Your Neighbor's Faith, Unitarian Universal- ist Church Building Ready for Formal Dedication April 16th," by Jill Penprase.

, April, 1984: "Durward Hall Scouting Leader, Phy­ sician, Surgeon, Soldier & Statesman," by Betty Mason Turner; "Spring­ field's Pearl White: Queen of Movie Serials Episode IV Poor Pauline," by William H. Walter; "When TV [KTTS-TV, Channel 10] Was Young, Television Classroom Shows Won Awards from Freedoms Foundation"; "Your Neighbor's Faith, King's Chapel Christian Center Finds a Home," by Larry D. Bohall; "The Save Elfindale [home of Mrs. Clymena Alice O'Day in Springfield] Will Victory Ever Come?" by Edgar A. Albin.

Viking Views, March, 1984: "The Way We Were [Missouri] Valley's [College] story began in 1889," by Bryon Banta.

Waterways Journal, January 28, 1984: "The Bonneville, An Engineer Towboat," by James V. Swift.

, February 25, 1984: "The Osage Is an Important Missouri River," by James V. Swift.

March 3, 1984: "J. R. Wells Was a Tuscumbia, Mo., Boat," by James V. Swift.

_, March 10, 1984: "Linn Creek Was Important Land­ ing on Osage [River]," by James V. Swift.

March 17, 1984: "The Mv. Ruth Was Built at Tus­ cumbia, Mo.," by James V. Swift

., March 24, 1984: "Osage River Boat [Nellda] at Linn Creek," by James V. Swift.

., March 31, 1984: "How the Osage River Was Main tained," by James V. Swift. Historical Notes and Comments 493

Webster Groves Historical Society Newsletter, April-May, 1984: An article re­ lating to the history of Elm Avenue, Webster Groves, by Ann Morris.

Western Campaigner, March, 1984: "The Camden Point Fight [in Civil War]," reprinted.

, April, 1984: "A Union Band Director [Charles Mon­ roe Chase] Views Camp Rolla: 1861," reprinted.

Whistle Stop, Number 1, 1984: "Harry S. Truman A Centennial Remembrance," a pictorial article by Robert H. Ferrell.

White River Valley Historical Quarterly, Winter, 1984: "Lilly Ridge General Baptist Church," by Lucille A. Brown; "Eye-Witness Account of the Burn­ ing The School of the Ozarks [in Forsyth]," by Loma Schupbach; "White Oak School," by Rudolph Hilton; "A Re-Evaluation of the Tornado Out­ break in Missouri of April 18, 1880 (The Marshfield Tornado Day) ," by Grant L. Darkow; "Phenix: The History of a Ghost Town," by Alan Schmitt.

Word and Way, February 2, 1984: "Fee Fee [Baptist Church] Has Maintained Longest Continuous Existence in Missouri."

, February 9, 1984: "Adventurous John Clark Defied Laws To Preach, Minister on Missouri Soil."

., February 16, 1984: "Camp Meetings Brought the Gospel To Early Missouri Baptist Pioneers."

, February 23, 1984: "[John Mason] Peck's 'Western Mission' Ministry Made Lasting Impression on Missouri Baptists."

: , March 1, 1984: "State Baptists Formed Associations After Gaining Religious Freedom."

., March 8, 1984: "Early 'Anti-Missions' Controversy Plagued Missouri's Young [Baptist] Churches."

., March 15, 1984: "[W. Pope] Yeaman's Diligent Ef­ forts Made Him The Right Leader at the Right Time."

March 22, 1984: "One of Missouri's 'Spiritual Giants,' [Jeremiah] Vardeman Baptized Over 8,000 Converts."

, March 29, 1984: "Providence and Little Bonne Femme—Key Churches in [Missouri Baptist] Convention Beginnings."

, April 5, 1984: "Ramsey Creek Became Missouri's First 'Northern [Baptist] Church' in 1816."

April 12, 1984: "Colportage Work Brought Bibles, Books, Tracts to Missouri Frontier." _, April 19, 1984: "Missouri's First Baptist College, William Jewell Continues Tradition." 494 Missouri Historical Review

IN MEMORIAM RICHARD J. CHAMIER ELEANORA PARK Richard J. Chamier, associate cir­ Eleanora Park, widow of former cuit judge of Randolph County, Missouri Governor Guy Park, died former legislator and trustee of the February 25, 1984, at Columbia. Mrs. State Historical Society, died Febru­ Park was born July 28, 1888, near ary 22, 1984, at Moberly. Born in Mo­ Weston to Michael Hardin and Hen­ berly on June 22, 1910, he graduated rietta Cox Gabbert. She graduated from Gaylord Institute at Platte City from the Moberly Area Junior College in 1906 and attended Liberty Ladies in 1929 and the University of Missouri College in 1906-1907. She married Guy Law School in 1933. He served as Park on November 16, 1909, and he prosecuting attorney of Randolph preceded her in death. She studied County, 1935-1938, practiced as an at­ music and drama in college and pur­ torney, 1933-1974, and served as as­ sued both fields during her life in sociate circuit judge from 1974 until Platte City. Mr. Park, a Democrat his death. from Platte County, was elected to one Mr. Chamier was elected to the term as governor in 1932. During his state senate for 1941-1942 and from term, Mrs. Park coauthored a history 1949 to 1952, serving as majority floor of the Governor's Mansion and its leader, 1951-1952. He spent five years hostesses. Entitled Women of the in the Army, becoming colonel in Mansion, it was published in 1936. the 85th Infantry Division. Active in Mrs. Park was a member of the East­ civic and professional organizations, ern Star, PEO and the First Baptist Mr. Chamier was president of the Church of Platte City. She had lived in Columbia since 1966. University of Missouri National Alum­ Mrs. Park is survived by a daughter, ni Association, Law School Alumni Mrs. Henrietta Krause of Columbia; Association, Law School Foundation three grandchildren; and two great­ and Friends of the Library. He served grandchildren. as chairman of the Missouri Commis­ sion on Human Rights, 1968-1973. He ELIZABETH COMFORT was a member of local and national Elizabeth Comfort, retired reference judicial groups, the Randolph County librarian of the State Historical Soci­ Historical Society, State Historical ety of Missouri, died April 4, 1984, in Society, Sigma Nu fraternity and the Columbia. Mrs. Comfort was born First Baptist Church. Mr. Chamier April 17, 1909, in Illinois to Francis received the University of Missouri and Olive Johnson Meek. She married Alumni Distinguished Service Award James Edwin Comfort on June 20, 1931, in Columbia; he and a son pre­ in 1967 and 1983, the University of ceded her in death. Mrs. Comfort had Missouri Faculty Alumni Award, 1972, been a librarian for Stephens Col­ and the Moberly Area Junior College lege and the State Historical Society. Outstanding Alumni Award in 1983. She was a member of the First Chris­ He is survived by his wife, Elizabeth tian Church and various organizations, Williams Chamier, of Moberly; a including Business and Professional daughter, Suzanne Chamier Wixon, Women, Resident Wives, Fortnightly Rolla; and a sister, Mary Lou Dorrill Club and the Boone County Historical of Columbia. Society. Historical Notes and Comments 495

Mrs. Comfort is survived by two GUYER, ROBERT, Colorado Springs, sons, George David Comfort of Mex­ Colorado: September 21, 1897-Novem- ico and Charles Edwin Comfort of ber 18, 1983. Raytown; a sister, Frances Dickerson HALE, MRS. E. E., Higginsville: Feb­ of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and ruary 19, 1900-January 5, 1984. seven grandchildren. HASH, MRS. JAMES Y., Mountain View, California: August 12, 1910- NANCY PREWITT October 29, 1983. Nancy Elizabeth Cortelyou Prewitt, HILKEMEYER, GERHARD H., JR., retired associate director of the West­ Westphalia: May 25, 1917-December ern Historical Manuscript Collection 15, 1983. at the University of Missouri-Columbia, died February 10, 1984, in Columbia. HILLER, HUGH M., Kahoka: April 16, Mrs. Prewitt was born November 14, 1895-September 25, 1983. 1919, in Kansas City to Frank and KINDER, TROY, Phoenix, Arizona: Mary Burney Cortelyou. She married September 8, 1919-January 14, 1984. R. C. Prewitt, who preceded her in KIRCHOFF, RALPH, Blackburn: Janu­ death. Mrs. Prewitt was a member of ary 24, 1911-March 3, 1984. the Calvary Episcopal Church, the KNOX, MRS. D. F., Montgomery City: Kings Daughters and an alumna of December 26, 1894-January 17, 1984. Phi Beta Phi sorority. LATEAU, HERBERT, Sapulpa, Okla­ She is survived by a son, Thomas homa; October 29, 1905-March 14, Prewitt, of Seabright, New Jersey; two 1984. daughters, Mary Prewitt of Lawrence, MILLER, MRS. ALBERT D., Lajunta, Kansas, and Melinda Prewitt of Co­ Colorado: May 20, 1901-August 7, 1983. lumbia; and a granddaughter. MILLER, ORATER O., St. Louis: May 5, 1901-January 5, 1983. ANDREWS, JAMES S., Phoenix, Ari­ zona: March 14, 1904-October 6,1983. MILLIGAN, MRS. ROY H., Columbia: June 27, 1890-September 2, 1983. ATWOOD, WILLIAM L., St. Louis: Feb­ MONSEES, KALO, Smith ton: Novem­ ruary 8, 1912-November 8, 1983. ber 22, 1896-April 3, 1983. BANNER, FRANKLIN, San Diego, Cali­ MUELLER, CARL H., Ballwin: Janu­ fornia: August 10, 1896-June 5, 1983. ary 22, 1907-September 16, 1983. BROWN, BERTHA M., Macon: Decem­ PRITCHETT, COE, Lathrop: April 10, ber 4, 1899-July 8, 1983. 1902-December 22, 1983. CAMPBELL, MRS. F. B., Kansas City: RALL, HARRY T., Bartlesville, Okla­ March 28, 1894-January 13, 1984. homa: Died October 9, 1983. COLBURN, C. D., Ben Wheeler, Tex­ SCHOONOVER, MRS. ELECTRA M., Clar­ as: August 24, 1902-October 27, 1983. ence: May 5, 1898-August 8, 1983. SKILLMAN, ROY G., Fayette: 1898- Cox, MRS. E. EVELYN, Ellensburg, September 21, 1983. Washington: June 29, 1936-October 27, SMITH, DR. CHARLES D., Syracuse, 1983. New York: October 16, 1914-January GAY, MRS. SAMUEL T., Ironton: 21, 1984. April 5, 1904-December 28, 1983. WESTON, MRS. CHARLES H., Wash­ GUTHRIE, FANNIE VIRGINIA, Colum ington, D.C.: May 25, 1897-October 21, bia: July 2, 1885-November 1, 1983. 1983. 496 Missouri Historical Review

BOOK REVIEW

UM-Rolla: A History of MSM/UMR. By Lawrence O. Chris- tensen and Jack B. Ridley (Columbia: University of Missouri Printing Services, 1983). 324 pp. Illustrated, Indexed. Appendix. Sources. $25.00.

The years between the close of the Civil War and the begin­ ning of World War I were unprecedented in American growth and expansion. During the period, increased mechanization and in­ dustrialization transformed American life, business and education. These changes brought a demand for practical courses of study and specialization in sciences to supply expertise for running fac­ tories, mines and farm production, provide power plants, improve streets and transportation systems, sewers and water supplies. The Morrill Land Grant Act, introduced in Congress in 1857, granted each state land to support a college of agriculture and mechanical arts. Civil War delayed action in Missouri until 1870. When Missourians sought to establish a mining school and an agriculture college, debate arose over the location. Finally, a com­ promise solved the dilemma. The agriculture and mechanical arts department would be located at the University of Missouri in Columbia and a school of mines and metallurgy would be estab­ lished in the mineral district of the state. Phelps County offered the most attractive bid, and Rolla became the home of the new institution. In the public school building, instruction began on November 6, 1871, with Charles P. Williams the first director. Thirty-two students enrolled that year. Historical Notes and Comments 497

For almost a century, controversy and dissatisfaction centered on the mining institution and its stepchild relationship with the University of Missouri. Poor enrollment and financial difficulties led to talks about moving the school to the University of Missouri campus in Columbia. During some periods enrollment increased, admission standards and curriculum improved, and the campus expanded, but external conditions such as World Wars I and II and economic depression always effected MSM. Finally in Janu­ ary 1969, the Missouri School of Mines at Rolla became a part of the University of Missouri's four-campus system, putting to rest the controversy that had existed so long. Dissatisfaction with the school's location is a theme that runs throughout the history. In addition, the book notes administrative and faculty changes, often brought on by the political and academic foes of the school and continuing controversy over the site. Chap­ ters on the colorful campus life especially are interesting. The history concludes with the institution's hopes and prospects for a bright future. A lengthy appendix provides lists of alumni accom­ plishments, and current facts about the administration, various funds, organizations and capsule information on departments. The history reads well, interspersed with quotes from student publications and area newspapers. Unlike some other similar insti­ tutional histories, this study avoids lengthy excerpts from numerous uninteresting reports which cause dull and tedious reading. The writers are to be commended for this wise approach. While both authors are on the faculty of UM-Rolla, they present a fair and unbiased account of MSM's 112-year history. Historians will regret the lack of footnotes, but "Notes on Sources" will provide some valuable information on the kinds of resources consulted. A major contribution to the college's history, the book will be enjoyed by alumni and students and provide a valuable guide to education historians.

State Historical Society of Missouri Mary K. Dains

Great Liars

Sedalia Bazoo Monthly Magazine, July, 1921. Great talkers are generally great liars, for them who talk so much sooner or later run out of the truth and tell what they don't know. 498 Missouri Historical Review

BOOK NOTES

A History of East Prairie 1883-1933. By Joe Webb (East Prairie, Mo., 1983). 24 pp. Illustrated. Not indexed. $6.00. The history of this Mississippi County settlement began 100 years ago. On February 2. 1883, the original plat for the city of Hibbard was filed at the courthouse in Charleston. Two years earlier, the Mississippi County Railroad had arrived in the area. A nearby village, East Prairie, already had a post office. When the owner of the store and post office moved from East Prairie to Hibbard, he created considerable confusion. Town officials realized it would be easier to change the town's name than to get federal permission to change the name of the post office. Renaming probably occurred in 1890 with the election of city council members. By that date, the population of East Prairie had reached about 650 people. This paperback booklet notes early residents and businesses, city facilities and services. Special chapters recall the city at the "Beginning of World War One" and how "Electricity lights up East Prairie." A number of old photographs depict life and busi­ ness in East Prairie near the turn of the century. A History of East Prairie may be ordered for $6.00, from The East Prairie Eagle, P.O. Box 10, East Prairie, Missouri 63845.

"The Dear Old Book" of Hattie Thomas 1855-1928. Edited by James E. Brickley (Cassville, Mo.: Litho Printers, 1983). 247 pp. Illustrated. Footnoted. Indexed. $21.95. For this publication, native Missourian James E. Brickley has edited the diaries of Hattie Thomas and the correspondence of Aurilla Thomas Simmons, his great-grandmother and grand­ mother. They provide information on the history of southern Missouri and present the viewpoint of two women experiencing life in the early- and mid-20th century. Book I covers the period 1901 through 1912, when Hattie Thomas lived on a homestead in Dallas County, Missouri. Book II relates homelife at Battlefield, Missouri, near Springfield, from 1912 through 1920. The diarist died at Springfield in 1928. Book III contains the letters of Hattie's daughter, Aurilla Louisa Thomas Simmons, beginning in 1945, but dealing primarily Historical Notes and Comments 499

with the years 1952 through 1969. These letters were addressed to her daughter, Pauline Brickley. The editor reflects on his grandparents as he and other family members knew them. Numerous photographs of family and friends illustrate the hardback volume. "The Dear Old Book" may be purchased for $21.95, plus $1.50 shipping and postage, from James E. Brickley, 914 N. 35th Street, Renton, Washington 98056.

Images of the Past. Edited by Alfred W. Humphreys (Trenton, Mo.: Grundy County Historical Society, 1983). 83 pp. Not illus­ trated. Not indexed. $5.00. Images of the Past is a collection of historical sketches about Grundy County, written by Gloria Carpenter and researched by Evelyn Sheets under the auspices of the Trenton Junior College. The Missouri Committee for the Humanities funded the original project under the title, "Images of Trenton Past." That project involved preparation and the newspaper publication and broad­ casting of 125 historical vignettes. The college made the material available to the Grundy County Historical Society for publication. Vignettes in the book feature towns of the county, particularly Trenton, the various townships, place names, businesses, churches, schools, social life, the wars, services, organizations and a variety of activities. The short sketches allow easy reading for interested residents and should provide a valuable resource for area school children. Images of the Past may be ordered for $5.00 from Mrs. Edna Earl Lager, Treasurer, Grundy County Historical Society, 1002 Haliburton, Trenton, Missouri 64683.

Mansfield Missouri: The First Hundred Years, 1882-1982. By Centennial Book Committee (Marceline, Mo., 1983). 200 pp. Maps. Illustrated. Not indexed. $25.00. A historical record of the founding and development of Mansfield, a railroad town of the Ozarks, is presented in this hardback volume. Located in southern Wright County, the settle­ ment was named for Colonel F. M. Mansfield, an attorney for the Kansas City, Ft. Scott ck Gulf Railroad. Mansfield and another man purchased the land on which the town was located in 1882. 500 Missouri Historical Review

Mansfield became a mail and freight distribution center for the area. Soon residents established a post office and merchants located businesses there. By the time Mansfield officially became a village in 1886, it also contained a school and church. Two min­ ing companies began development just outside the city limits, and Mansfield grew at a booming rate. By 1900 it had become a 4th- class city. The book presents a decade by decade historical record. It also includes photographs of each mayor from 1911 to the present, a pictorial section entitled "Pictures Tell The Story," chapters on Mansfield's first newspaper and noted citizens Laura Ingalls Wilder and Carl Mays, a special color section of the 1982 centen­ nial celebration and Butter Day celebrations of the past, as well as histories of the school, churches, civic and fraternal organ­ izations, businesses and families. Mansfield Missouri may be ordered for $25.00, plus $2.00 postage, from The Mansfield Mirror, Attn: Larry Dennis, Editor, P.O. Box 197, Mansfield, Missouri 65704.

Eldon Missouri . . . a look back. By Tina Raynor (Versailles, Mo.: B-W Graphics, Inc. [1982]). 168 pp. Illustrated. Maps. Not indexed. $9.95. This hardback book is a historical account of Eldon, located in Miller County. Promoters formed a corporation and established the town when the Missouri Pacific Railroad showed interest in a branch line through the area. The developers filed the plat for Eldon on March 15, 1882. Settlers, primarily from Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia, had migrated to the area. Others moved from Ohio, Illinois and the East. The town grew and prospered with new businesses, schools, churches, a newspaper and a bank. Eldon became a city in 1903, one year before citizens received electricity. Written in a story-telling style, the author relates life in Eldon at the turn of the century, social activities, the effects of World War I and II, road building through the city and construction of the Lake of the Ozarks. Eldon Missouri . . . a look back may be purchased for $9.95 from Ms. Tina Raynor, 12382 Summerhouse Drive, Apt. 21, Creve Coeur, Missouri 63186. INDEX TO VOLUME LXXVIII COMPILED BY HIROKO SOMERS

—St. Louis Browns, arts, on, listed, 106, 261, 265 Achelpohl, Kurt, obit., 370 —St. Louis Cardinals, art. on, listed, 491 Across Our Wide Missouri: Volume I January —semi-professional, art. on, listed, 105 through June, noted, 114 Basie, Count, art. on, listed, 482 Adair County Historical Society, 338 Baskett, Kirtley, obit., 370 Adams, Abigail, 293 Bates County, 78; arts, on, listed, 97, 98, 357 Adams, Jean Handley, book by, noted, 374 Bates County Historical Society, 81, 227, 339 Adams, John, 293 Batie, Sandra, 337 Adams, Meredith, 454 Battlefield, Mo., art. on, listed, 109 Adkins, Bertha, 309 Beck family, art. on, listed, 367 Advance, arts, on, listed, 97 Bedford, Mo., art. on, listed, 358 Affton Historical Society, 81, 227, 338, 457 Beer, art. on, listed, 264 Agricultural History Society, 337 Agriculture Beiderbecke, Leon Bismarck, art on, listed, 108 Bell, William M., obit., 268 —art. on, 428-452; (illus.) Belle, arts, on, listed, 357, 479 —arts, on, listed, 102, 250, 255, 260, 483 Bellevue—Beautiful View, noted, 120-121 Albert, Anselm, 160 Bellevue Valley Historical Society, 228, 457 Allatoona, Tenn., 54-58, 63-67; (illus.) Bellis, Col. Caleb T., 444 Allen, Thomas, 377; 378 (illus.) Below, Frank H., obit., 370 Allen, William, 442 Belton Historical Society, 81, 228, 339, 457 American Missionary Association, 125 Bendel, Hermann, 151 Ames, Edgar, 377, 384, 385 Bennett, Dave, 337 Ames, Henry, 377, 384, 385 Bentley, J. F. G., art. on, listed, 365 "And It Was Red: Missouri's New Supreme Benton County, arts, on, listed, 104, 250, 490 Court Building 1907," by Bonnie Wright, Bents Fort, art. on, listed, 487 Robert Durant Smith & Haden D. Smith, 414- Berninghaus, Oscar Edmund, art. on, listed, 487 427; (illus.) Bethel German Communal Colony, 228, 339, Anderson, art. on, listed, 479 458 Anderson, Andy, 322 Biddle, Thomas, art. on, listed, 261 Anderson, Ephraim, 70 Bieber, Ralph P., art. on, listed, 105 Anderson, Eugenie, 305 Biggs, Charles, E., book by, noted, 272-273 Anderson Hollow, Mo., 191 Bingham, George Caleb, 78, 79, 223; Order No. Anderson, J. Richard, 125 11, painting by, 78, 222 (illus.) Andre, R. Miriam, book by, noted, 272-273 Birch Tree, art. on, listed, 366 Andrew County Historical Society, 81, 338, 457 Blackjack, art. on, listed, 261 Andrews, James S., obit., 495 Blacks Anesi, Louis Pete, art. on, listed, 105 —arts, on, listed, 263 Anthony, Susan B., II, 294 —hist, of, art. on, listed, 261 Architects, Kansas City, arts, on, listed, 106, —St. Louis, art. on, 123-143; (illus.) 261,487 —Springfield, art. on, listed, 486 Architecture, arts, on, 23-50 (illus.); 414-427 Blair, Frank, Jr., 182, 183, 380-382, 386 (illus.) Blakemore, O. D., obit., 268 Armstrong, John M., art. on, listed, 250 Bland, Mo., art. on, listed, 479 Armstrong, Luther, art. on, listed, 488 Bledsoe, Hiram, 433 Arrow Rock, art. on, listed, 489 Blomeyer, Edward Franklin, art. on, listed, 479 Asboth, Alexander, 159 Blood, Sullivan, 377 Ashland, art. on, listed, 250 Bloomfield, Mo., art. on, listed, 479 Ashworth, Walter, art. on, listed, 479 Blow, Henry Taylor, 377, 382, 386 At The River's Bend: An Illustrated History of Blow, Susan, art. on, listed, 486 Kansas City, Independence and Jackson Blue Springs, arts, on, listed, 250 County, reviewed, 112-113 Blue Springs Historical Society, 82, 228, 339, Atherton, Dr. Lewis E., 219; 8, 219, 220 (illus.); 458 art. by, 1-13 Bodmer, Karl, 223 Atlanta, Mo., art. on, listed, 102 Boernstein, Heinrich, 148, 150 Atteberry, Zephiniah, arts, on, listed, 360, 363 Bois D'Arc, art. on, listed, 109 Atwood, William L., obit., 495 Boley, Lee L., art. on, listed, 251 Audrain County, arts, on, listed, 102, 360, 364, Bollinger County, arts, on, listed, 105 483 Bollinger County Historical Society, 82, 340, Audrain County Historical Society, 81, 227, 338, 458; arts, on, listed, 481, 482, 484 457 Bonneville (towboat), art. on, listed, 492 Aull, William, III, 221 Bonsard, R. F.,416 Aurora Historical Society, 81 Book Notes, 114-121, 272-275, 373-374, 498-500 B Book Reviews, 112-113, 270-271, 371-372, 496- Bacon, Henry, 377, 383, 384 497 Baden, arts, on, listed, 260, 363 Boomer, Lucius, 379, 385 Baden Historical Society, 81, 227, 338; art. on, Boon, Richard and Eva, art. on, listed, 101 listed, 362 Boone County, 138, 185; arts, on, listed, 99, 251 Bagnell Dam, arts, on, listed, 107, 488 Boone County Historical Society, 228, 340, 458 Baker, George W., 437 Boone, Daniel Bald Knobber, art. on, listed, 489 —arts, on, listed, 98, 104 Ball, Jack, art. on, listed, 259 —family, arts, on, listed, 256, 257 Banner, Franklin, obit., 495 Boonslick Country, 24-26, 33, 38 Bannister, art. on, listed, 260 Boonslick Historical Society of Howard and Baring, art. on, listed, 480 Cooper Counties, 229, 458 Barnard Community Historical Society, 227 Boonville, 39, 40, 46, 47, 49, 150, 156; arts, on, Barnes, Don, art. on, listed, 484 listed, 97, 250, 357, 479 Barnes, Mrs. Francis, 221 (illus.) Booth, John H., art. on, listed, 487 Barnes, Francis M., Ill, 220, 221; 222 (illus.) Botsford, James, 178 Barnett, George Ingham, art. on, listed, 486 Bovee, D. Victor, obit., 370 Barrett, John, art. on, listed, 110 Bowen, William H., 442 Bartels family, art. on, listed, 101 Bowman, Col. John P., 447 Barton County, art. on, listed, 482 Boyd, Nan Tate, art. on, listed, 264 Barton County Historical Society, 81, 227, 338, Boyle, Bill, 303, 305, 308 457 Brackney family, art. on, listed, 365 Barton, Ruth, 337 Bradford family, art. on, listed, 369 Baseball Bradley, William W., art. on, listed, 366 —art. on, listed 264 Brady, Erika, 337 501 502 Index

Brannon, Mrs. Charles, 308 (illus.) —Miesner's Swing Factory, Perryville, art. Branson, 412; arts, on, listed, 250, 263, 368, 369 on, listed, 361 Brant, Marley, art. on, listed, 254 —Missouri Water Company, art. on, listed, Brickley, James E., book by, noted, 498-499 481 Bridal Cave, art. on, listed, 254 —Mutual Manufacturing Co., art. on, listed, Bridge, Hudson E., 377, 379-382, 386; 378 366 (illus.) —St. Joe Lead Co., Federal Mill, art. on, Bridges listed, 359 —ASB, art. on, listed, 359 —Sallee Dean, Store, Hecla, art. on, listed, —Eads, St. Louis, 384; art. on, listed, 491 251 —Gasconade River, 379 —Schweiss, Harry, Hardware Store, Ste. —Missouri River, Kansas City, art. on, listed, Genevieve, art. on, listed, 257 359 —Shaughnessy-Kneip-Hawe Paper Company, —Sandy Creek Covered Bridge, art. on, listed, St. Louis, art on, listed, 491 253 —Spoor, Austin, Super Service Station, Briggs, John, art. on, listed, 261 Maryville, art. on, listed, 483 Brooks, Benjamin, art. on, listed, 106 —Springfield Grocer Company, art. on, listed, Brookshire, Senne N., art. on, listed, 109 492 "Brother Hal: The Preaching Career of Harold —Springfield Wagon Company, art. on, listed, Bell Wright," by Charles T. Jones, 387-413; 483 (illus.) —Staten Island Cleaners, St. Louis, art. on, Brotherton, James, 170 listed, 491 Brown, B. Gratz, 130, 136, 188-190, 210, 382, —Streckfus Steamers, St. Louis, art. on, 386; 131 (illus.) listed, 491 Brown, Bertha M., obit., 495 —Streett, J. D., & Co. Inc., St. Louis, art. on, Brown, Ed, 317, 331 listed, 491 Brown, H. Templeton, obit., 268 —Thurman Funeral Home, art on, listed, 264 Brown, Capt. Joseph, art. on, listed, 369 —Townsend's, St. Joseph, art. on, listed, 361 Brownlee, Dr. Richard S., 10, 13, 221, 222; 11 —Troester's Clothing Store, Kirksville, art. (illus.) on, listed, 105 Brunswick, 134; art. on, listed, 479 —Van Brunt and Howe (architects), art. on, Brush & Palette Club, 82, 229, 459 listed, 106 Buchanan, James, 147 —Warmann, Charles, Blacksmith Shop, art. Buck, Amos, family, Clark County, art. on, on, listed, 486 listed, 101 Businessmen, St. Louis, art. on, 375-386; (illus.) Buechler, Conradina Ruettgers, art. on, listed, Butler, arts, on, listed, 98, 250, 357 360 Butler County, art. on, listed, 105 Buechler, Dr. Joseph, art. on, listed, 360 Butler County Historical Society, 459 Buffalo, Mo., art. on, listed, 97 Byrnes, James F., 325 Bullene, Thomas B., art. on, listed, 262 Bullock, J. R., art. on, listed, 254 C Bulware, William P., 444, 445 Cabin Creek, Mo., art. on, listed, 366 Bundy, Rex Victor, obit., 370 Cabool, Mo., art. on, listed, 479 Burdette, S. S., 185 Cabool History Society, 340 Burdsal, Lt. Caleb S., Jr., art. on, listed, 262 Cain, Marvin, 10 Burford, William T., family, art. on, listed, 369 Caldwell County Historical Society, 229, 340 Burgess, Albert, 132, 133 Callaway, Thomas, 444 Burk, Mrs. Samuel A., 221 Camden County, 172, 174, 176, 190, 191, 194, Burk, William, 437, 438, 440, 441, 446-448, 450, 198,199 452 Camp Jackson, 149 Burns, Bob, art. on, listed, 265 Campbell, Alexander, 399 Businesses, 16, 25, 138, 140, 141, 169, 172, 173, Campbell, Mrs. F. B., obit., 495 175, 176, 191, 192-195, 295, 377, 380, 381, Campbell, S. A. Greene, art. on, listed, 109 383-386, 402, 415-418, 423, 430; 19, 194, 382, Campbell, Thomas, 399 385 (illus.) Canby, Edward, R. S., 166 —Adams Dairy, art. on, listed, 250 Canning, Thomas, family, art. on, listed, 102 —American Rolling Mill Company (ARMCO), Canton, arts, on, listed, 98, 250, 357, 479 312,315,317, 322, 327, 336 Cape Girardeau, Mo. —Ash Grove Bank, art. on, listed, 259 —arts, on, listed, 98, 250, 260, 263, 357, 359, —Bank of Osborn, hist, of, art. on, listed, 261 479 —banks, Callaway County, art. on, listed, 366 Glenn House, inside back cover, April issue; —Birdtown General Store, art. on, listed, 110 (illus.) —Bowman Milling Co., art. on, listed, 253 Cape Girardeau County, arts, on, listed, 105 —Chapman Ice Cream Co., art. on, listed, 368 Cape Girardeau County Historical Society, 229, —Charter Bank of Marshall, art. on, listed, 340,459 102 Carl Junction, arts, on, listed, 362, 485 —Farmers Exchange Bank, art. on, listed, 252 Carlow, arts, on, listed, 358, 481 —Franke, Photography and Jewelry Store, Carneal, Thomas W., art. on, listed, 258 art. on, listed, 482 Carondelet, 386; art. on, listed, 486 —Franklin County Bank, art. on, listed, 485 Carondelet Historical Society, 82, 229, 459 —Helmers Manufacturing Co., art. on, listed, Carr, Eugene, 161, 162, 164 254 Carroll County, arts, on, listed, 98, 251 —Hollister, Mo., feed mill, arts, on, listed, Carroll County Historical Society, 82 357,360 Carroll Stagecoach Inn, Oregon, art. on, listed, —Kuennell, John, Cheap Store, Altenburg, 361 art. on, listed, 263 Carrollton, arts, on, listed, 98, 251, 357, 479 —Lamella Roof Company, St. Louis, art. on, Carter, Lizzie, art. on, listed, 369 listed, 258 Carter, Robert, 295 —McAtee Mercantile, Jackson, art. on, listed, Carthage, arts, on, listed, 107, 251 253 Caruthersville, arts, on, listed, 357, 489 —Macon-Atlanta State Bank, art. on, listed, Carver, George Washington, art. on, listed, 263 102 Casement, John S., 69, 71 —Malone, Bert, Grocery, Seaton, art. on, Casper family, art. on, listed, 363 listed, 104 Cass County, 78; arts, on, listed, 490 —Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Com­ Cass County Historical Society, 82, 230, 341, pany, art. on, listed, 491 459 —Mendenhall & Russell Carriagemakers, Cassville, art. on, listed, 266 Lexington, 431; 434 (illus.) Cather, John, 452 —Mexico Telephone Company, art. on, listed, Catherwood, Col. Edwin C, 451 105 Caulfield, art. on, listed, 369 Index 503

Cedar County, arts, on, listed, 104, 259, 263 —Perche Church, Boone County, art. on, 362,485 listed, 251 Cedar County Historical Society, 82, 230, 341, —Presbyterian, arts, on, listed, 98, 101, 257, 459 481,482 Cedar Grove, art. on, listed, 250 —Riggs, art. on, listed, 251 Cemeteries, 75 (illus.) —Rockingham Brethren, art. on, listed, 103 —Balltown Cemetery, art. on, listed, 102 —St. John's United Church of Christ, art. on, —Harmony Baptist Church Cemetery, Benton listed, 482 County, art. on, listed, 490 —St. Mary Aldermanbury, Westminster Col­ —Jordan-Buffalo Cemetery, art. on, listed, lege, Fulton, 289-291 (illus.) 482 —Unitarian, 381; art. on, listed, 492 —Roberts Cemetery, Lawrence County, art. Churchill, Sir Winston, 321; art. on, 277-292; on, listed, 107 277, 279, 281-283, 285-288 (illus.) —Springfield National Cemetery, art. on, Churchill, Winston, Memorial and Library, listed, 109 Westminster College, 278; 291 (illus.) "A Centennial Story" of Christ Church Epis­ Civil War, 6, 25, 123-125, 176, 177, 181, 195, copal 1882-1982, noted, 373 205,377,378,381,385, 389,415 Center for Reformation Research, Clayton, art. —arts, on, 51-77, (illus.); 144-167, (illus.); 428- on, listed, 491 452, (illus.) Centralia, Mo., art. on, listed, 479 —arts, on, listed, 100, 106, 107, 109, 262, 263, Centralia Historical Museum, inside back cover, 266,357,366,367,489, 493 Oct. issue; (illus.) —Battle of Allatoona, Ga., 54-64, 77; 60 Centralia Historical Society, 230, 459; inside (illus.) back cover, Oct. issue —Battle of Chariot, art. on, listed, 103 Chadwick, arts, on, listed, 103 —Battle of Cole Camp, arts, on, listed, 250, Chambers, Jane Mullanphy, art. on, listed, 364 259 Chamier, Richard J., obit., 494 —Battle of Franklin, Tenn., 66-77; 68 (illus.) Chamois, arts, on, listed, 102, 255 —Battle of Helena, Ark., art. on, listed, 110 Chance, A. Bishop and Gardens, inside back —Battle of Lone Jack, art. on, listed, 103 cover, Oct. issue —Battle of Pea Ridge, Ark., 161-165; 163 Chance, A. Bishop, home, inside back cover, Oct. (illus.) issue; (illus.) —Battle of Pilot Knob, arts, on, listed, 266 Chapman, Carl, art. on, listed, 362 —Battle of Wilson's Creek, 152-154 Chapman family, art. on, listed, 367 —Camden Point fight, art. on, listed, 492, 493 Chariton County, art. on, listed, 108 —Henry County, art. on, listed, 358 Chariton County Historical Society, 83, 230, —Jackson County, art. on, listed, 97 341,460 —McLain, William D., Battery, art. on, listed, Chariton River, art. on, listed, 363 263 Chase, C. J., art. on, listed, 480 —Missouri troops, 177; arts, on, 51-77 (illus.), Chase, Charles Monroe, art. on, listed, 493 144-167 (illus.); arts on, listed, 251, 266 Chautauqua, book on, noted, 374 —Nevada, art. on, listed, 479 Cheatham, Benjamin, 67 —Ozarks, art. on, listed, 483; thesis on, noted, Chillicothe, arts, on, listed, 251, 480 266 Chitwood, Harve, art. on, listed, 485 —Phelps County, art. on, listed, 489 Chopin, Kate, art. on, listed, 367 —sites, book on, noted, 116 Chouteau, Charles P., 384 Civil War Round Table of Kansas City, 83, 230, Chouteau, Marie Therese Bourgeois, art. on, 341,460 listed, 106 Civil War Round Table of St. Louis, 341, 460 Chouteau, Pierre, 141 Civil War Round Table of the Ozarks, 83, 230, Chouteau, Pierre, Jr., 376 341,460 Christensen, Lawrence O., 454, 456 Civilian Conservation Corps, art. on, listed, 365 —art. by, 123-136 Claiborne (Claiborn) family, art. on, listed, 260 —book by, reviewed, 496-497 Clamorgan, Cyprian, 125 Christian County, arts, on, listed, 263, 265, 266, Clarence, Mo., art. on, listed, 98 365,493 Clark County Churches, 431, 445 —arts, on, listed, 110, 253,359 —African Methodist Episcopal Church, arts. —families, arts, on, listed, 101 on, listed, 109, 255 Clark County Historical Society, 83 —Armour Chapel, art. on, listed, 100 Clark, Georgia Neese, 305 —Assembly of God, arts, on, listed, 368, 489 Clark, John, art. on, listed, 493 —Baptist, arts, on, listed 97-102, 107, 109, Clark, John F., art. on, listed, 261 252, 253, 257, 265, 369, 490, 493 Clark, Peter, 132 —Bunceton Federated Church, arts, on, listed, Clark, William, art. on, listed, 263 97,250 Clarksdale, Mo., art. on, listed, 260 —Catholic, arts, on, listed, 98, 101, 255, 480, Clay County, arts, on, listed, 251, 486 484 Clay County Historical Society, 342 —Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), 388, Clay County Museum Association, 83, 231, 342, 392, 393, 397, 399-402, 404-406, 408, 410; 460 410 (illus.); arts, on, listed, 98, 99, 102, 250, Clayton, arts, on, listed, 260, 363, 491 254, 256, 363; book on, noted, 115 Cleburne, Patrick R., 67, 70, 71, 73, 74; 69 —Cumberland Presbyterian, arts, on, listed, (illus.) 107,255,488 Clemens, Samuel L., see Twain, Mark —Episcopal, 129, 445; arts, on, listed, 100, Clinton, arts, on, listed, 98, 251, 358, 480 107, 256, 261, 364, 487, 488; book on, noted, Clinton County Historical Society, 83, 231, 460 373 Clumm, Edward, art. on, listed, 266 —Evangel Temple Christian Center, Spring­ Coal industry, arts, on, listed, 105,106, 255 field, art. on, listed, 492 Cockfield, Jamie H., book by, noted, 117 —Evangelical and Reformed, arts, on, listed, Cockrell, Francis Marion, 52, 57-59, 62, 64, 67, 488,490 72, 73; 63 (illus.) —Greenlawn Memorial Chapel, near Perry, Cockrell, Ron, art. on, listed, 253 art. on, listed, 257 Cody, William F., "Buffalo Bill," arts, on, listed, —King's Chapel Christian Center, Spring­ 257,265 field, art. on, listed, 492 Cohen, Gerald Leonard, book by, noted, 118 —Knox Church, art. on, listed, 100 Colborn, R. E., 221 —L.P. Union Church, art. on, listed, 104 Colburn, CD., obit., 495 —Latter Day Saints, arts, on, listed, 367 Cole Camp Area Historical Society, 231, 342, —Lutheran, arts, on, listed, 101, 490 461 —Maryville, art. on, listed, 483 Cole County Historical Society, 461 —Methodist, 125; arts, on, listed, 99, 103, 108, Colier, Eli, 35, 36, 38-40 253,257 Colleda, Mo., art. on, listed, 260 504 Index

Collins, Lillian Hudgings, art. on, listed, 108 Decker, Jonathon, art. on, listed, 110 Columbia, Mo., 11, 13 Deepwater, art. on, listed, 251 —architecture, art. on, listed, 98 Defiance, Mo., art. on, listed, 100 —arts, on, listed, 98, 260, 265, 266, 358, 480, Deitzler, Col. George W., 438, 439 489 DeKalb County —churches, arts, on, listed, 98, 488 —arts, on, listed, 106, 261, 363, 486 —hist, of, book on, noted, 115 —hist, of, book on, noted, 116 —homes, arts, on, listed, 98, 489 DeKalb County Historical Society, 232, 343, 462 —Stephens College, art. on, listed, 265; Democratic National Committee (DNC), 294, Chapel, art on, listed, 266 295, 297-300, 302, 305-310 Columbia Pike, Tenn., 66, 67, 70, 71, 74 Democratic National Conventions, 299, 314 Columbia Providence Plank Road, 138; con­ Denny, James M., 454; art. by, 23-50 struction of, 140 (illus.) Denslow, William R., 222; 220 (illus) Comfort, Mrs. Elizabeth, 80; obit., 494-495 Dent County Historical Society, 84, 232, 343, Concordia Historical Institute, Clayton, 461; 462 art. on, listed, 491 Depression, 213, 218, 387 Condon, Col. Ed, 319, 320 —art. on, listed, 253 Connelly, Thomas Lawrence, 75 —book on, noted, 273-274 Connelsville, art. on, listed, 105 Deutch, Charles H., obit., Ill Conway, Rose, 333-335; 335 (illus.) Deutch, Miriam, book by, noted, 115 Cook, Henry J., art. on, listed, 490 Deutschmann, Rev. Edward J., book by, noted, Cook Settlement Community Building, Liber- 115 tyville, art. on, listed, 99 Dexter, 5; arts, on, listed, 252, 358, 480 Cook Settlement Restoration Society, 231 Dickison family, art. on, listed, 97 Cooke, Jay, 377 Dickson, Moses, 130, 132 Cooley Lake Wildlife Management Area, art. on, Disney, Walt, art. on, listed, 107 listed, 486 Dodson family, art. on, listed, 260 Cooper County, 23-25, 29, 33; art. on, listed, 491 Dollars and Diplomacy: Ambassador David Cooper family, art. on, listed, 101 Rowland Francis and the Fall of Tsarism, Corder, J. L.,obit., Ill 1916-1917, noted, 117 Corn Cob Pipe, art. on, 14-22; (illus.) Doniphan, arts, on, listed, 358 Corse, Gen. John M., 56-58, 61-63, 76; 62 (illus.) Doniphan, Col. Alexander, 6, 449-450 Cortinovis, Irene, 11 Donnelly, Gov. Phil M., 279, 281-283, 285, 286 Corum, Hardin, 27 (illus.) Coulter, William H., obit., 370 Doolittle, Mo., art. on, listed, 263 Courthouses Doolittle, Reuben, 377 —Adair Co., art. on, listed, 363 Dorris, Gordon, obit., 268 —Atchison Co., arts, on, listed, 257, 259 Dorris, Mrs. R. P., obit., 268 —Fulton, art. on, listed, 252 Dowling family, art. on, listed, 260 —Gentry Co., 453 (illus.) Drake, Charles D., 130, 199; 131 (illus.) —Greene Co., arts, on, listed, 109 Drake Constitution, 130, 181, 188 —Jackson Co., art. on, listed, 262 Draper, Charles Clinton, 186, 187, 191-193, 195, —Jefferson Co., art. on, listed, 99 198-200; 189 (illus.) —Laclede Co., art. on, listed, 482 Draper, Don, art. on, listed, 489 —Lamar, art. on, listed, 482 Draper, Philander, 191 —Miller Co., art. on, listed, 490 Drotts, Phillip, art. on, listed, 261 —St. Louis, art. on, listed, 364 Dubail, J. Pierre, Jr., obit., 370 —Vernon Co., art. on, listed, 103 DuBois, Lt. John Van Deusen, 153, 158 Cowan, Robert E., art. on, listed, 262 DuBois, W. E. B., 127 Cox, Mrs. E. Evelyn, obit., 495 Duden, Gottfried, art. on, listed, 485; thesis on, Cracker Barrel Country Volume II, noted, 121 noted, 267 Craig, Virginia, art. on, listed, 489 Dugan, Jerry T., book by, noted, 273 Crawford County Historical Society, 83, 231, Duggins, Frank H., art. on, listed, 262 342, 461 Dunker, Vincent J., art. on, listed, 108 Crews, Julia, 306 Dunlop, Rev. G. K., 445 Crittenden, T. T., 5 Dyer, Bob, 453 Crocker Community Center Corporation, 455 Crosby, George L., art. on, listed, 364 E Cross, Asa Beebe, arts, on, listed, 106, 261 Early, Stephen, 323, 324 Crow, Jim, 124 Earthquakes, art. on, listed, 363 Crow, Wayman, 377 Easley, Harry, obit., 268 Crystal City, art. on, listed, 358 East Prairie, arts, on, listed, 99, 366; book on, Cumpton family, art. on, listed, 97 noted, 498 Cunningham, Dr. Noble, 221 Eastman, George, art. on, listed, 260 Curry, Samuel, 451 Ecole des Beaux Arts, 415-417, 420, 424, 426 Curtis, Samuel R., 159-165; 166 (illus.) Ed Watson—Country Editor, His Life and Cushing, Jeremiah, 377 Times, noted, 119-120 Cuthbertson, Wilhelmina, 20 Edina, art. on, listed, 99 Cyclones, see Tornadoes Edith, Mo., art. on, listed, 260 Education, art. on, listed, 360 D Edwards, Herbert Threlkeld, 296 Dade County Historical Society, 83, 231, 461 Edwards, India, art. on, 293-310; 293, 307, 308 Dains, Mary K., art. by, 277-292 (illus.) Daisy, Mo., art. on, listed, 253 Ehrlich, George, 454 Dallas County Historical Society, 83, 231, 461 El Dorado Springs, art. on, listed, 99 Daugherty, Dennis, art. on, listed, 358 Eldon Missouri... a look back, noted, 500 Daughters of the American Revolution, War­ Eldridge, art. on, listed, 263 rensburg Chapter, art. on, listed, 485 Elfrink, Richard J., book by, noted, 272 Daviess County Historical Society, 232, 343 Eliot, William Greenleaf, 381 Davis family, art. on, listed, 365 Ellis, Elmer, 1-6, 9, 11; 2 (illus.) Davis, Jefferson C, 52, 53, 164 Ellis, Harvey, art. on, listed, 258 Day, Walker, obit., 370 Elmo, Mo., art. on, listed, 484 De Soto, Mo., arts, on, listed, 99, 251, 253, 358, English, Williams Francis, 1-2, 5, 6, 9, 10; 4 480 (illus.) Deal, Ernest G., obit., 268 Entertainments, art. on, listed, 367 Dear Bess: The Letters from Harry to Bess Tru­ Episcopal Diocese of Missouri, Archives and His­ man 1910-1959, reviewed, 371-372 torical Collections, St. Louis, art. on, listed, "The Dear Old Book" of Hattie Thomas 1855- 491 1928, noted, 498-499 Epple, Jerry, 221 DeArmond, Fred, obit., 370 Equal Rights Amendment, 301 Index 505

Erie, Mo., 172,176 Frick family, art. on, listed, 264 Ernest, Douglas J., art by, 51-77 Friedenberg Lutheran Historical Society, 233 Estell, Alfred, art. on, listed, 358 Friend, Mo., art. on, listed, 366 Etowah River, 54, 64; 55 (illus.) Friends of Arrow Rock, 233, 343, 462 Evans family, art. on, listed, 357 Friends of Historic Boonville, 233 Eversmann, Ludwig, art. on, listed, 485 Friends of Keytesville, 462 Ewing, John H., 444 Friends of Missouri Town-1855, 84, 234, 343, Ewing, Robert C, 446 463 Ewing, Gen. Thomas, 78 Frisco, Mo., art. on, listed, 99 Excelsior Springs, arts, on, listed, 252, 489 Froman, Jane, art. on, listed, 263 Excelsior Springs Historical Museum, 233 Fry, John, art. on, listed, 107 Fry, Nannie, 44 F Fulton, Mo., 277, 278 Fair Grove, arts, on, listed, 262, 265, 357 —art. on, 277-292; (illus.) Fairman, Judge John H., obit., Ill —arts, on, listed, 252, 481 Falicon Inn, art. on, listed, 100 "Fulton's Distinguished Visitors: Truman and Fannin, Kathleen, 337 Churchill, 1946," by Mary K. Dains, 277-292; Farley, Jim, 301 (illus.) Farm & Home Savings Association, arts, on, Fur Trading listed, 106, 261, 364, 487 —art. on, listed, 251 Farmer, Jess B., 214 (illus). Farmer, Walter M., 134 —thesis on, noted, 267 Farming, see Agriculture G Farmington, Mo., 138, 139, 141, 170, 171, 174; Galbraith, Charles Clifford, art. on, listed, 490 171 (illus.) Gale, D. B., 384 Farr, William F., 223; 220 (illus.); art. by, 137- Gallemore family, art. on, listed, 105 143 Galloway, John A., 10 Fasel, George W., 223 Gamble, Gov. Hamilton R., 451 Faulkner, Dick, 403, 404 Garner, Sanford, 437 Featherstonehaugh, George, 377 Garnett, Helen, 455 Fellows, Homer, F., art. on, listed, 483 Garrison, Daniel R., 377, 380, 386 Ferguson Historical Society, 84, 343, 462 Garwood, Darrell A., 454 Ferrel family, art. on, listed, 367 Gasparotti, Mrs. J. J., obit., 268 Ferrell, Robert H., art by, 311-336; book by, re­ Gates, Col. Elijah, 64, 72 viewed, 371-372 Gathman, Mrs. Ila, 80 Festus, arts, on, listed, 99, 358, 481 Gay, Mrs. Samuel T., obit., 495 Few, Simon, art. on, listed, 488 Gayler family, art. on, listed, 266 Filley, Giles, 377, 381; 382 (illus.) Gaylor family, art. on, listed, 369 Filley, Oliver D., 377, 381, 382 George, Dr. Melvin, 13 Fink, Mike, art. on, listed, 260 Gerald, art. on, listed, 481 Fite, Gilbert C, 9 German Gymnastic Societies, St. Louis, thesis Flanders, Robert, 80 on, noted, 267 Flat River, art. on, listed, 99 Germans Fleming, Sharon L., 454 —Americans, art. on, 144-167 Fletcher, Gov. Thomas, 130, 136, 187; 131 —art. on, listed, 363 (illus.) —communities, art. on, listed, 252 Fletcher, Mrs. Thomas, 187 —immigrant, Marthasville, art. on, listed, 255 Floods —immigration, thesis on, noted, 267 —Kansas City, 1951, art. on, listed, 101 —migration, art. on, listed, 266 —Marion City, art. on, listed, 481 —Washington, Mo., art. on, listed, 104 —Ozarks, art. on, listed, 483 Gibson, Judge Samuel L., family, art. on, listed, —Sikeston, art. on, listed, 484 260 Florence, art. on, listed, 362 Giddings, Will, 70 Florissant, arts, on, listed, 364, 367 Gierke, Victor A., 221; art. on, listed, 489 Florissant Valley Historical Society, 84, 343, Gifts, 92-96, 245-249, 352-356, 474-478 462 Gillespie, Lt. Henry, 59, 67 Flournoy, Col. Peter C, 75 Gilliam Cornet Band, art. on, listed, 255 Foley, Dr. William E., 80 Gillis, Steve, art. on, listed, 364 Folk, Gov. Joseph, 415, 423; 416 (illus.) Glasgow, art. on, listed, 366 Football, arts, on, listed, 260, 266, 369 Glastetter, Mrs. Ramona, art. on, listed, 484 Forbis, Walter, art. on, listed, 251 Glazer, Rabbi Simon, art. on, listed, 105 Foristell, art. on, listed, 259 Gleerup, William T., art. on, listed, 266 Fort Dette, Rolla, art. on, listed, 263 Goldenrod (showboat), art. on, listed, 484 Fort, E.R., 171 Good, Thomas B., art. on, listed, 368 Fort Leavenworth, arts, on, listed, 363, 486 Goodrich, Dr. James W., 454; art. by, 428-452 Fort Osage Historical Society, 233, 462 Gordon, William C, 129 Fort Toothman, art. on, listed, 250 Gould, Jay, 386 Foskett, Adm. James, 335 "Gowrow," art. on, listed, 254 Foster, arts, on, listed, 257 Goyer family, art. on, listed, 369 Foundation for Restoration of Ste. Genevieve, Graduate Theses Relating to Missouri History, 84,233,462 267 Fourchy, Richard, 423 Grafton, Ohio, 392-393, 397 Fourth Missouri Infantry, Company I, art. on, Graham Historical Society, 234, 463 listed, 251 Graham, Mrs. Mary J., arts, on, listed, 102, 483 Francis, David Rowland, book on, noted, 117 Grammer family, art. on, listed, 488 Franke, Engelbert, art. on, listed, 360 Granada, Mo., 172 Frankenhoff, Ferd, art. on, listed, 484 Granby, miners, art. on, listed, 253 Franklin, Mo., 24 Grand River Historical Society, 84, 234, 343, 463 Franklin County, 15; arts, on, listed, 261, 368, Grandview, Mo., 6-7 485,490 Grandview Historical Society, 84, 234, 344 Franklin County Historical Society, 233 Grant City, arts, on, listed, 100, 252 Franklin, Tenn., 66-68, 76; 74 (illus.) Grant, Ulysses S., 130,166; art. on, listed, 367 Frazier, Margaret Mendenhall, art. by, 428-452 Gray, Capt. Charles, 15 Fredericktown, art. on, listed, 99 Gray, Lem, 15 Freeburg, art. on, listed, 360 Green, Mrs. John Findley, 277 Freedmen's Bureau, 124,183 Green, John Raeburn, 286 Freistatt, art. on, listed, 263 Green, William, 325 Fremont, John C, 154, 155, 157-160, 386; 159 Greene County, arts, on, listed, 109, 265, 266, (illus.) 365, 487 French, Gen. Samuel G., 53-58, 62-65, 67, 70, 73- Greene County Historical Society, 85, 234, 344, 76; 59 (illus.) 463 506 Index

Greenleaf, Mo., art. on, listed, 106 Historical Society of University City, 465 Greenley, Carlos, 377, 384 A History of East Prairie 1883-1933, noted, 498 Greer family, art. on, listed, 369 The History of Missouri Capitols, reviewed, 270- Grider, Jesse, obit., 268 271 Gruber, Casper, 443 History of Pulaski County Missouri, noted, 274 Grundy County, book on, noted, 499 A History of The Kansas City Club, noted, 273 Grundy County Historical Society, 85, 234, 344, Hitch, Arthur H., art. on, listed, 262 463 Hobson, Rev. B. M., 448 Gum, Posey Dow, art. on, listed, 266 Hogan, Judge Granville, 133 Guthrie, Fannie Virginia, obit., 495 Holland, Antonio F., 454 Guyer, Robert, obit., 495 Hollis, Ben, art. on, listed, 104 Hollrah, Warren M., 278 H Holmquist, Fritz, 332 Haas, Raymond E., obit., 370 Holmquist, Mrs. Fritz, 317, 333 Hackley, Mrs. Miranda, art. on, listed, 483 Holt County, art. on, listed, 361 Hadley, Herbert S., 422 (illus.) Holt County Historical Society, 86, 345 Ha-Ha Tonka, art. on, listed, 107 Homes Hahn, Lorene, 456 —Amick, Nicholas, Howard County, art. on, Hale, Mrs. E. E., obit., 495 listed, 250 Haley, Dr. T. P., 404 —Andris, Hannibal, art. on, listed, 100 Hall, Durward, arts, on, listed, 368, 492 —Bailey-Beauvais-Jones-Bush, Perry County, Hall, Jacob, art. on, listed, 262 art. on, listed, 484 Hall, William P., inside back cover, July issue —Bartlett, Herschel, St. Joseph, art. on, listed Halleck, Henry W., 158-160 258 Hamilton, Mrs. Jean Tyree, 221 —Bequette-Ribault, Ste. Genevieve, art. on, Hamlin, Roy, art. on, listed, 481 listed, 484 Hammer, Adam, 148, 165 —Campbell, John Polk, Springfield, art. on, Hampel, Lt. Albert F., obit., 268 listed, 109 Hancock, Fil, art. on, listed, 489 —Capen, James, Columbia, hist, of, art. on, Handley, Lula, Lowell and Lola, art. on, listed, listed, 98 264 —Chance, A. Bishop, inside back cover, Oct. Hannegan, Bob, 325 issue; (illus.) Hannibal, Mo., 378; arts, on, listed, 100, 105, —Chouteau mansion, St. Louis, art. on, listed, 252,261,359,364,481 487 Harless, Dick, 319, 320 —Clark, M. B., West Plains, art. on, listed, Harmony, Mo., 171 266 Harney, William S., Historical Society, 85, 344 —Cape Girardeau, inside back cover, April Harper, Arthur, art. on, listed, 105 issue (illus.); arts on listed, 98, 260 Harper, Joe, art. on, listed, 261 —Clinton, arts, on, listed, 251, 358, 480 Harpeth River, 66, 69, 73; 74 (illus.) —Columbia, arts, on, listed, 98, 358, 489 Harrell, Mamie Fowler, art. on, listed, 264 —Cottrell, Mountain View, art. on, listed, 256 Harrell, Mrs. Maude A., obit., 370 —Cullen, Lexington, art. on, listed, 360 Harrison, Pres. Benjamin, 199 —Dameron, Edward C, art. on, listed, 100 Harrison County Historical Society, 235, 344 —DeLassus family, Perry County, art. on, Harrison, James, 141 listed, 484 Harrison, William H., obit., 370 —Dorman, Jerrubal Gideon, Clinton, arts, on, Harrisonville, art. on, listed, 100 listed, 251,480 Harrodsburg, art. on, listed, 486 —DeKalb Co., arts, on, listed, 261, 363, 486 Harte, Bret, trail map, art. on, listed, 364 —Ebert-Dulany, Hannibal, art. on, listed, 100 Hartman, E. C, obit., 370 —Fife place, Armstrong, art. on, listed, 99 Hartmann, Susan, 454 —Florissant, art. on, listed, 364 Hartung, Rose, 456 —Galloway, Elizabeth, Windsor, art. on, Hash, Mrs. James Y., obit., 495 listed, 104 Hayden, Sen. Carl, 319, 320 —Greene County, arts, on, listed, 487 Hazelgreen, art. on, listed, 365 —Glenn House, Cape Girardeau, inside back Hazelwood, 172-175 cover, April issue; (illus.) Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, Historical Society, 85, —Gordon, Marshall, Columbia, art. on, listed, 235,344, 463 98 Hehman, Walter F., obit., 268 -—Gray-Campbell, Greene County, art. on, Heitkamp, F. J., art. on, listed, 491 listed, 487 Henderson, Dave, 315 —Greene, T. W., Kansas City, art. on, listed, Henderson, Mrs. Lucinda, 441 262 Hendrickson, Dr. Gordon, 13, 454 —Guthrie, Judge J. A., Mexico, art. on, listed, Hennock, Frieda, 303-305 102 Henry County, arts, on, listed, 251, 358 —Hall, William P., Lancaster, inside back Henry County Historical Society, 85, 344, 463 Herculaneum, arts, on, listed, 252, 263 cover, July issue; (illus.) Hermann, Mo., 150; art. on, listed, 481 —Janson, Jo, Jackson County, art. on, listed, Herring family, art. on, listed, 101 97 Hess, Earl J., art. by, 144-167 —Jesse, Richard H., art. on, listed, 358 Hewitt, W. Rogers, 221 —Kansas City, arts, on, listed, 101, 262, 482 Hickman Mills, art. on, listed, 262 —Lacy, Doniphan, art on, listed, 358 Hickory County, arts, on, listed, 100, 253, 359, —Lexington, arts, on, listed, 263, 360 481 —Long, R. A., Kansas City, art. on, listed, 482 Higbee Area Historical Society, 464 —Louisiana, Mo., art. on, listed, 255 Higginbotham, Gregg, 337 —Lowe, John Aleth, art. on, listed, 358 Higgins, Doc W. W., 447, 452 —McClurg, Joseph Washington, 192 (illus.) High School Sports Hall of Fame and Historical —McKnight, James G., Chamois, art. on, Center, art. on, listed, 366 listed, 102 Hilkemeyer, Gerhard, H., Jr., obit., 495 —Maclay, Tipton, art. on, listed, 98 Hiller, Hugh M., obit., 495 —Majors, Alexander, Kansas City, art. on, Hillhouse, James, art. on, listed, 361 listed, 101 Hiram College, Ohio, 10, 392-396, 404, 412; 394 —Massey log, arts, on, listed, 481, 482 (illus.) —Meyer, August, Kansas City, art. on, listed, Historic Hermann, 235, 344, 464 101 Historical Association of Greater Cape Girar­ —Mountjoy, Lexington, art. on, listed, 263 deau, 85, 345, 464 —Oakland Manor, art. on, listed, 255 Historical Association of Greater St. Louis, 235, —O'Day, Mrs. Clymena Alice, Springfield, 345,464 art. on, listed, 492 Historical Society of Polk County, 86, 235, 345, —O'Day-McGregor Carriage house, Greene 464 County, art. on, listed, 487 Index 507

—Owsley-Logan, Hannibal, art. on, listed, 100 I —Perry County, arts, on, listed, 484 Iberia, Mo., art. on, listed, 100 —Ravenswood, art. on, 23-50; (illus.) Images From Columbia's Past 1865-1945, noted, —Riggs, Absalom H., DeKalb County, arts, 115 on, listed, 261,486 Images of the Past, noted, 499 —Riggs, Paul, DeKalb County, art. on, listed, In His Steps, 401, 409 363 Independence, Mo., 6, 8, 13, 313, 315, 437, 444 —Ritchey, Matthew, art. on, listed, 101 —arts, on, listed, 100, 262, 263 —Ste. Genevieve, arts, on, listed, 484 —book on, reviewed, 112-113 —St. Joseph, arts, on, listed, 258 —homes, arts, on, listed, 100, 106, 250, 258, —St. Louis, arts, on, listed, 487 490 —R'oBards, Hannibal, art. on, listed, 100 "India Edwards: Distaff Politician of the Tru­ —Saunders, Jackson County, art. on, listed, man Era," 293-310; (illus.) 262 Indian Grove, art. on, listed, 260 —Shelton, Gabriel, Springfield, art. on, listed, Indians, arts, on, listed, 251, 255, 263, 264, 487 259 —theses on, noted, 267 —Stallcup, L. M., art. on, listed, 104 Ingold family, art. on, listed, 101 —Steele mansion, art. on, listed, 107 Interesting Missouri Place Names. Volume 1, —Stillwell-Garth, Hannibal, art. on, listed, noted, 118 100 Iron County, art. on, listed, 104; book on, noted, —Thilenius, G. C, Cape Girardeau, art. on, 120-121 listed, 98 Iron County Historical Society, 86, 235, 465 —Troxell, Alexander Richard, Columbia, art. Iron Mountain, Mo., 137-142, 190, 376 on, listed, 489 Irontown, Mo., 192-194 —Truman, Harry S., Independence, arts, on, Ittner, William B., 424 listed, 250, 253, 258, 490; Lamar, front Ivy, John, 448 cover, April issue; (illus.) —Vail, H. M., Independence, art. on, listed, 106 Jackson, 202; arts, on, listed, 253 —Violette, Merritt Alexander, art. on, listed, Jackson, Andrew, art. on, listed, 485 256 Jackson County, 78, 442 —Wallace, William, Jackson County, art. on, —arts, on, listed, 97, 262, 264, 359, 367, 488, listed, 97 490 —Warsaw, art. on, listed, 362 —book on, reviewed, 112-113 —West Plains, arts, on, listed, 266 —homes, arts, on, listed, 97, 262, 488 —Widow's house, Doniphan, art. on, listed, Jackson County Historical Society, 235, 465 358 Jackson, Col. Graham, 222 —Wornall, Jackson County, art. on, listed, James, Frank, arts, on, listed, 254, 488 488 James, Jesse, arts, on, listed, 256, 358, 488 —Wright, Ellen, Cape Girardeau, art. on, James, Larry, 80 listed, 260 James, William, 192, 193 Hood, John B., 53, 54, 64, 65, 67, 72, 74-77; 54 January, Derrick, 377 (illus.) Jarman, Pete A., 306 Hook, Charles, 322, 326-328 Jasper County Historical Society, 236, 346, 465 Hoover, Dorothea B., Museum, inside back Jazz, arts, on, listed, 108, 482 cover, Jan. issue; (illus.) Jefferson City, 150, 157, 177-179, 184, 185, 187, Hopkins family art. on, listed, 369 197, 278, 414, 420, 423, 424; 157, 279, 417 Hornstein, Heinrich, thesis on, noted, 267 (illus.); arts, on, listed, 101, 367, 486, 490 Hospitals, 416; arts, on, listed, 264, 486, 491 Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, art. on, Hotels, 130, 385, 443 listed, 364; thesis on, noted, 267 —art. on, listed, 481 Jennison, Col. Charles, 440, 442, 443 —Butler, Palace Hotel, art. on, listed, 357 Jesse, Bredelle, art. on, listed, 358 —Carroll Stagecoach Inn, Oregon, art. on, Jesse, Richard H., arts, on, listed, 358 listed, 361 Jimtown, art. on, listed, 480 —Falicon Inn, art. on, listed, 100 Johannsen, Chris, 337 —Hiatt House, Mound City, art. on, listed, Johnson, Catherine Mary, 170, 171 361 Johnson Co., arts, on, listed, 486, 490 —Kansas City, arts, on, listed, 360, 482, 487 Johnson Co. Historical Society, 86, 236, 465 —Marquette, Cape Girardeau, art. on, listed, Johnson, Edward, 73 479 Johnson, Francis Ann, 171 —Rector, Garden City, art. on, listed, 253 Johnson, James H., 62 —St. Louis, art. on, listed, 261 Johnson, John, 170, 174 —Tinsley, Hardin, art. on, listed, 490 Johnson, Margaret, 25, 29, 45, 49 Houck, Louis, art. on, listed, 479 Johnson, Marshall, 177, 191,193-195, 198 Housholder, Bill, 316, 322 Johnson, Mrs. Milford H., obit., Ill Housholder, Bob, 316, 322, 332 Johnson, Oliver P. & Nancy Ann, art. on, listed, Housholder, Thomas, 316, 332 107 Housholder, Vic H., art. on, 311-336; 311 (illus.) Johnston, Joseph E., 52, 53 Houston, Col. Daniel, 450 Johnston, T. A., art. on, listed, 488 How, John, 382 Jones, Charles T., art. by, 387-413 Howard County, 35, 42 Jones, J. B., 397 Howard, William B., art. on, listed, 102 Jones, John, 174-176 Howell County, 188; arts, on, listed, 266, 369 Joplin, arts, on, listed, 263, 486 Howell, Mathew, art. on, listed, 101 Joplin Historical Society, 236, 346, 486 Howze, Grace, 456 Joplin, Scott, arts, on, listed, 365, 486 Hubbard, Cal, art. on, listed, 105 "Joseph Washington McClurg: Entrepreneur, Hudson, Norman, 337 Politician, Citizen," 168-201; (illus.) Hulen,A. C, obit., Ill K Humphreys, Alfred W., book by, noted, 499 KTTS-TV (Channel 10) arts, on, listed, 109, 265, Humphreys, Joe B., 279 (illus.) 368,492 The Hungry Years, The Story of one family's Kahmann, George H., 16 struggle for survival during the Great Depres­ Kahmann, Guy, 16 sion, noted, 273-274 Kahoka, arts, on, listed, 101 Hunt, Bill, 140 Kaiser, Capt. John B., 449, 450 Hunter, Gertrude, art. on, listed, 365 Kansas City, 8, 312, 327, 404, 406, 408, 409; 406 Hunter, Julius K., book by, noted, 118-119 Huntsville, plank road, art. on, listed, 366 (illus.) Hutchinson, Gilbert, obit., 370 —architects, arts, on, listed, 106, 254, 261, 487 Hutchinson, James S., 25 —arts, on, listed, 101, 106, 262, 266, 359, 360, Hyde, Arthur M., 5 364,368, 482 508 Index

—book on, reviewed, 112-113 Laurie, art. on, listed, 362 —buildings, arts, on, listed, 101, 262, 359, Lawless, Elaine, 337 360,364, 482 Lawrence, Col. B. I., obit., 370 —businesses, arts, on, listed, 262, 360, 482 Lawrence County, 398; 207 (illus.); arts, on, —homes, arts, on, listed, 101, 262, 482 listed, 107,365 —Jewish community, art. on, listed, 105 Lawrence County Historical Society, 87, 237, —streets, arts, on, listed, 254, 262, 360, 482 346,466 Kansas City Club, book on, noted, 273 Lay, Henry, art on, listed, 362 Kansas City Regional Archives Branch, 455 Lehy, William D., 281, 335; 288 (illus.) Kansas City Westeners, 86, 236, 346, 465 Lebanon, Mo., 161, 179, 187, 192, 200, 408-410; Kansas Regiment, 440 201 (illus.); arts, on, listed, 252, 255, 482 Kavanaugh, Dr. Benjamin T., 431, 446, 447 Ledergerber, Capt. Fred Tell, 156, 157 Kavanaugh, Mrs. Benjamin T., 437, 447, 450 Lee, Harrell, obit., Ill Kavanaugh, Julia Fannie, 437, 442, 447, 448, Lee, Stephen, 67, 73 450 Lee, Thomas J., art. on, listed, 485 Kavanaugh, Mary Margaret, 431-432 Lee's Summit, art. on, listed, 102 Kelley, John, 223; 220 (illus.) Leetown, 162-164 Kelly, Frank, obit., 268 Leffler, Carolyn Cook, book by, noted, 275 Kennedy, Vernon, art. on, listed, 101 Leonard, Abiel, 24-26, 28-30, 33-35, 39-42, 45 Kenrick, Peter Richard, art. on, listed, 490 Leonard, Abiel, Sr., 24 Kerth, Al, art. on, listed, 363 Leonard, Ben, 42 Kewanee, Mo., art. on, listed, 483 Leonard, Charles E., 26, 45, 49 Keytesville, art. on, listed, 254 Leonard, D. Perry, 39 Kiewitt, Gustel R., art. on, listed, 258 Leonard, Dora, 43 Killen, Mo., art. on, listed, 480 Leonard, Jeanette, 45, 49 Kimberling City, art. on, listed, 101 Leonard, Kate, 29, 42 Kimberling family, art. on, listed, 101 Leonard, Margaret, 40 Kinder, Troy, obit., 495 Leonard, Martha, 42 King, Gov. Austin A., 450 Leonard, Mary, 42 King, Helen, 80 Leonard, Nat, 45 Kingdom of Callaway Historical Society, 86, Leonard, Nathaniel, art. on, 23-50; 26 (illus.) 236,346,466 Leonard, Nathaniel, Sr., 24 Kingsbury, Horace, art. on, listed, 250 Leonard, Reeves, 45-47 Kingsbury, Lilburn, obit., 268 Leonard, Willie, 46 Kingsbury Place: The First Two Hundred Years, Leopold, Mo., book on, noted, 272 noted, 118-119 Levin, Morris, art. on, listed, 368 Kingsbury, Robert Taylor, family, art. on, listed, Lewis & Clark Expedition, arts, on, listed, 369, 251 487 Kinney, Michael, 132; 133 (illus.) Lewis County, art. on, listed, 365 Kinney, Thomas, 132 Lewis County Historical Society, 237, 346, 466 Kipling, Rudyard, 137 Lewis, Madison H., obit., 268 Kirchoff, Ralph, obit., 495 Lewis, Meriwether, art. on, listed, 263 Kirk, Earmel L., obit., 370 Lexington, Mo., 445 (illus.) Kirkendall, Richard, 299, 301 —art. on, 428-452; (illus.) Kirksville, arts, on, listed, 105, 363 —arts, on, listed, 254, 255, 263, 482 Kirkwood, 380; arts, on, listed, 488, 491 —Civil War, art. on, 428-452; (illus.) Kirkwood Historical Society, 220 Lexington Library and Historical Association, Kirkwood, James P., 139 237 Klein, Eugene S., 416 Lexington Thespian Society, 431 Knox City, art. on, listed, 358 Liberal, Mo., art. on, listed, 102 Knox County, arts, on, listed, 358, 480 Liberty Arsenal, art. on, listed, 490 Knox, Mrs. D. F., obit., 495 Libraries, 6, 13, 377 Koerner, Gustave, 160 —Baden, art. on, listed, 260 Kohr, Franz, 150 —Boone, Daniel, Regional, Columbia, art. on, listed, 480 —Broadhurst, William, Nazarene Theological La Beaume and Klein (architects), 416, 417 Seminary, Kansas City, art. on, listed, 491 La Beaume, Louis, 415-417 —Brodsky, Saul, Jewish Community, St. La Guardia, Mayor Fiorello, 15 Louis, art. on, listed, 491 La Monte, Mo., art. on, listed, 484 —Carthage Public, art. on, listed, 106 Labor, coal strike, art. on, listed, 106 —Churchill, Winston, Westminster College, Laclede-Choteau family, art. on, listed, 364 2, 78; 291 (illus.) Laclede County, 190, 199; arts, on, listed, 103, —Conception Abbey, art. on, listed, 491 365,482, 489 —Concordia Seminary, art. on, listed, 491 Laclede County Historical Society, 86, 236, 346, —Ellis, UMC, 2, 3, 10, 14; 7 (illus.) 466 —Huntington, Cal., 13 Laclede, Pierre, art. on, listed, 364 —Jewell, William, College, art. on, listed, 491 Lafayette County Historical Society, 466 —Kenrick Seminary, art. on, listed, 491 Lafayette Lodge, No. 37, 431 —Mercantile Library, 377 Laidlaw, Mrs. George William, II, obit., 268 —Old Public, Kansas City, art. on, listed, 482 Lake of the Ozarks, art. on, listed, 488 —Roosevelt Library, 6 Lake Pleasant, 332 —St. Mary Seminary College, art. on, listed, Lamar, art. on, listed, 482 491 Lancaster, Mo. —St. Stanislaus Jesuit Seminary Museum, —art. on, listed, 254 Florissant, art. on, listed, 491 —Hall, William P., home, inside back cover, —Truman, Independence, 6, 313, 315, 453; July issue; (illus.) 314 (illus.); art. on, listed, 369 Lance, Don, 337 " 'Life Is Uncertain . . .' Willard Hall Men­ Land, Aubrey C, 375 denhall's 1862 Civil War Diary," 428-452; Landers, Ann, 310 (illus.) Landmarks Association of St. Louis 237, 466 Limrick, William, 446 Lane, Rose Wilder, art. on, listed, 107 Lincoln, Abraham, 148, 155, 160, 165, 322, 382; Lankford, Mrs. Nancy, 13 art. on, listed, 489 Larson, Sidney, art. on, listed, 363 Lindbergh, Charles A., art. on, listed, 487 Larsson, Paul R., obit., Ill Lindenlure, Christian County, art. on, listed, Lasater family, art. on, listed, 266 265 Lasley, Mrs. William K., Sr., obit., 268 Lindsey family, art. on, listed, 108 Lateau, Herbert, obit., 495 Lines, Lycurgus E., art. on, listed, 109 Latimer, Catherine Lavonia Greenwell, art. on, Linn, arts, on, listed, 102, 255 listed, 489 Linn County, arts, on, listed, 251, 358 Index 509

Linn Creek, Mo., 174-180, 187, 189, 192-195, Marshall, Dr. Howard, 80 198, 200; arts, on, listed, 492 Marshfield, arts, on, listed, 102, 110, 255 Livingston County, art. on, listed, 480 Marthasville, arts, on, listed, 104, 255 Lloyd, David D., 7, 8 Marvel Cave, 408; art. on, listed, 107 Lockwood, James, art. on, listed, 110 Mary's Home, arts, on, listed, 101, 252 Log Cabins, arts, on, listed, 357, 363, 479 Maryville, arts, on, listed, 102, 255, 360, 483 Long, Frances E., 395, 399 Masonic Lodge, Lexington, 431 Long, Robert Alexander, arts, on, listed, 363, Masqueray, E. L., 415, 416, 420 482 Massie, Gerald, 278 Longview farm, art. on, listed, 482 Matthews, Burnita Shelton, 303, 304 Longwell, Mrs. John H., 222 Maximilian, Prince of Wied, art. on, listed, 366 Louchheim, Katie, 310 Meachum, John Berry, 125 Louisiana, Mo., arts, on, listed, 255, 262, 360 Medals, arts, on, listed, 366 Louisiana Purchase, 169; art. on, listed, 365 "Meerschaum" pipe, art. on, 14-22; (illus.) Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 415; see also St. Mehl, Fred, 450 Louis World's Fair, 1904 Mellier, A. A., 192 Lowe, James L., 9 Mendenhall, Anna Stidham, 430 Lucas, James, 376, 383, 384 Mendenhall, Franklin Hubbard, 436, 452 Luce, Clare Booth, 297 Mendenhall, Mary Margaret, 432, 437, 442, 443, Luther, Martin, art. on, listed, 363 446-448, 450-452 Lutz, William G., 34, 35, 40 Mendenhall, Susan, 437, 452 Lyon, Nathaniel, 144, 148, 150-153, 155, 156, Mendenhall, Willard Hall, art. on, 428-452; 432 161, 382; 154 (illus.) (illus.); diary, 438 (illus.) Lytle, Eris, 290 (illus.) Mendenhall, William Augustus, 430 Mendenhall, William Kavanaugh, 429, 432, Mc 437,447,448 McAllister, Dorothy, 300, 305 Menees, Ogle O., obit., Ill MacArthur, Douglas, 15, 21 Mering, Ellen Westfall, 79 McBride, James, 152, 153 Merriwether, James A., art. on, listed, 480 McCall, Edith, art. on, listed, 489 Mesler, art. on, listed, 366 McClellan, George B., 159, 160 Mexico, Mo., arts, on, listed, 102, 105, 256, 364, McCluer, Dr. Franc L., 277, 278; 279, 281, 283, 483 285-287 (illus.) Meyer, Scott, 455 McCluer, Mrs. Franc, 282, 283 (illus.) Mid-Missouri Civil War Round Table, 466 McClure, Dr. William, 439 Middlebush, Frederick A., 3 McClurg, Alexander, 169 Midwest Archives Conference, 456 McClurg, Emma, 177 Miller, Mrs. Albert D., obit., 495 McClurg, Fannie, 178, 179-182, 184-187, 193, Miller County, arts, on, listed, 100, 252, 491 199; 186 (illus.) Miller County Historical Society, 87, 238, 346, McClurg, Joseph, 178,180, 195 467 McClurg, Joseph, Sr., 169, 170 Miller, Louis, art. on, listed, 261 McClurg, Joseph Washington, art. on, 168-201; Miller, Orater O., obit., 495 168, 198 (illus.) Miller, Richard L., 454 McClurg, Mary, 174, 175, 177 Miller, Robert, 455 McClurg, Sallie, 180 Milligan, Mrs. Roy H., obit., 495 McCormick, Col. Robert R., 296 Mills McCoy, John, art. on, listed, 254 —Bollinger, William, Mill, arts, on, listed, 99, McCullough, Nettie Kimberling, art. on, listed, 359 101 —Burnt Mill, Perry County, hist, of, art. on, McCurry family, art. on, listed, 479 listed, 103 McDermott, John Francis, art. on, listed, 364 —feed mill, Hollister, arts, on, listed, 357, 360 McDonald County, art. on, listed, 101 —Hickman Mills, art. on, listed, 262 McFarland, Sen. Ernest, 319, 320 -^Jolly Mill, art. on, listed, 102 McFarland, Rev. W. B., 448 —Nebo Mill, art. on, listed, 489 McGaw, John, 62 —Perry County, art. on, listed, 367 McGrath, J. Howard, 299, 303, 304; 300 (illus.) Millville, art. on, listed, 490 McHaney, Dr. John W., obit., 370 Milton, C.L., 399 McKinney, Frank, 308; (illus.) Mincy, Mo., arts, on, listed, 107, 366 McKinney, Mrs. Frank, 308 (illus.) Minden, Mo., art. on, listed, 102 McKinzie, Richard D., book by, reviewed, 112- Minden Mines, art. on, listed, 102 113 Mine Au Breton Historical Society, 87 McLane, William, 185 Mining Port, art. on, listed, 362 M Missouri Macon County, arts, on, listed, 102, 363 —Area Community Action Agencies, 216, 217 Macon County Historical Society, 238 —arts, on, listed, 106, 263, 358, 362 Madstone, art. on, listed, 105 —Board of Charities and Corrections, 206, Magazines, arts, on, listed, 220, 261, 366, 489, 207,209,210,212 491 —Board of Guardians, 210 Magoffin, Beriah and Ebenezer, art. on, listed, —Board of Managers of Eleemosynary In­ 489 stitutions, 213 Mahnkey, Mary Elizabeth, art. on, listed, 105 —Capitol building, St. Charles, art. on, listed, Majors, Alexander, arts, on, listed, 101, 110, 488 258 Mansfield Missouri: The First Hundred Years, —Capitols, book on, reviewed, 270-271 1882-1982, noted, 499-500 —Censuses, art. on, listed, 491 Maplewood, Mo., art. on, listed, 108 —Department of Resources and Development, Maramec, 172, 192; art. on, listed, 107 278 Marceline, Mo., art. on, listed, 107 —Department of Social Services, 216 March, Dr. David DeArmond —General Assembly, 137, 213, 415 —art. by, 202-218 —highways, 94, 138; arts, on, listed, 107, 263 —art. on, listed, 105 —Old Age Assistance Commissioner, 213 Maries County, arts, on, listed, 97, 104, 107, 357, —place names, arts, on, listed, 365, 485, 489; 362 book on, noted, 118 Mariner, Guy C, 415-417, 423 —Social Security Commission, 214 Marionville, art. on, listed, 255 —stamps, arts, on, listed, 262, 365, 491 Marmaduke, John S., 150 —treasures, book on, noted, 116 Marquand, Mo., art. on, listed, 482 Mj'ssouri(snagboat), art. on, listed, 216 Marquette, Pere Jacques, art. on, listed, 365 Missouri Baptist Convention, art. on, listed, 493 Marshall, arts, on, listed, 102, 255 Missouri Botanical Garden, art. on, listed, 488 Marshall, Benjamin Alfriend, art. on, listed, 366 Missouri By Bill Nunn, noted, 117-118 Marshall, Gen. George, 316, 329 Missouri Civil War Reenactors Association, 337 510 Index

Missouri Club, 456 —Tri-State Mineral, inside back cover, Jan. Missouri Committee for the Humanities, Inc., issue; (illus.) 453 Mushaney, Valentine and Catharine, art. on, Missouri Conference on History, 454 listed, 256 Missouri Equal Rights League, 130 Music, folk, art. on, listed, 365 Missouri Folklore Society, 337 Musick, Thomas, art. on, listed, 369 Missouri Heritage Trust, 455 Musselman, Kenneth L., obit., 370 Missouri Historical Society, 87; presidents, art. on, listed, 364 N Missouri History Day, 454 Nation, Carry, art. on, listed, 108 Missouri History in Magazines, 105-110, 260- Native Sons of Kansas City, 238, 347 266, 363-369, 486-493 Naylor, art. on, listed, 358, 368 Missouri History in Newspapers, 97-104, 250- '"A Needless Effusion of Blood': The Confederate 259, 357-362, 479-485 Missouri Brigade and Hood's Invasion of Ten­ "The 'Missouri Meerschaum' Pipe," 14-22; nessee in 1864," by Douglas J. Ernest, 51-77; (illus.) (illus.) Missouri Mines State Historic Site, art. on, Neff, Sam, art. on, listed, 264 listed, 359 Neihardt, John G., Corral of the Westerners, 88, Missouri Municipal League, arts, on, listed, 366, 238, 347, 468 489 Nelson, Johnny, 330 Missouri National Guard, art. on, listed, 486 Nelson, Nadine, 49 Missouri Press Association, 2, 222; art. on, Neosho, Mo., arts, on, listed, 361 listed, 366 Nevada, Mo., arts, on, listed, 102, 103, 256, 361, Missouri Republican Convention, 1870, 132 479 Missouri River, 15, 150, 151, 191, 197, 380, 430, New Balden Springs, art. on, listed, 105 431 "New Germany," art. on, listed, 362 —arts, on, listed, 110, 261, 482, 485 New Hampton, art. on, listed, 97 —boat, art. on, listed, 489 New Haven, Mo. —Liberty Landing, arts, on, listed, 363, 486 —arts, on, listed, 256, 485 —mapping of, art. on, listed, 487 —fire, 1894, art. on, listed, 103 —steamboating & transshipment, art. on, —Miller's Landing Day, art. on, listed, 256 listed, 364 New London, Mo., art. on, listed, 256 Missouri State Archives, 424 New Madrid, arts, on, listed, 256, 362, 363 Missouri Supreme Court, 25, 418; building, art. New York, Mo., art. on, listed, 261 on, 414-427; 414, 425 (illus.) Newkirk, Eugene and Emma, 232 Missouri Treasures and Civil War Sites, noted, Newspapers, 44, 46, 127, 136, 170, 188, 199, 280, 116 295, 296, 409, 410, 418, 420, 421, 430; 217, 434 "Missouri's Care of the Indigent Aged," by David (illus.) D. March, 202-218; (illus.) —Ava Times, arts, on, listed, 97 Mitchell, Stephen, 307-310; 309 (illus.) —Butler County, art. on, listed, 105 Moffet, India, 296 —Columbia Missourian, art. on, listed, 251 Moffet, Jack, 296 —Hannibal Morning Journal, art. on, listed, Moffet, John, 296 253 Monarch, art. on, listed, 365 —Humansville Star-Leader, art. on, listed, Money, art. on, listed, 259 100 Moniteau County Historical Society, 238, 467 —Saline Journal, art. on, listed, 255 Mbnsees, Kalo, obit., 495 —Sedalia Democrat, art. on, listed, 258 Montgomery City, arts, on, listed, 256, 361 Newton County, art. on, listed, 361 Montgomery County Historical Society, 347, 467 Newton County Historical Society, 238, 468 Morgan County, arts, on, listed, 362 Nichols, George, obit., 370 Morgan County Historical Society, 468 Nodaway County Historical Society, 468 Morgan, Georgia Cook, art. by, 293-310 Nonsuch, Mo., art. on, listed, 260 Mormons, Ray County, art. on, listed, 490 Norris, Prof. James D., 11 Moroni, Michael, 454 North Springfield, art. on, listed, 109 Morris, Mrs. Leona S., 337 Norton, Mary T., 306 Morris, Sally Dodge, art. on, listed, 106 Nuderscher, Frank B., 223; paintings by, 376, Morrison, Charley, art. on, listed, 266 front cover, Oct. and Jan. issues (illus.) Morrison, J. W., 377 O Morrisville, art. on, listed, 108 Oakwood, 28, 29, 40, 42, 45 Morrow, Lynn, art. by, 168-201 O'Banion, Kenneth J., art. on, listed, 366 Mt. Hebron, Mo., 446 Odneal, Valentine, 37 Mt. Vernon, 397, 398; art. on, listed, 256 O'Fallon, John, 383 Mountain Grove, art. on, listed, 256 Ohman, Marian M., 454; book by, reviewed, 270- Mounts, Samuel, art. on, listed, 261 271 The Moving Forces in the History of Old Bon Oilar family, art. on, listed, 101 Homme, The Manchester Missouri Area, Oisterhusz, Peter Joseph, see Osterhaus, Peter noted, 272-273 Joseph Mueller, Carl H., obit., 495 Old Bon Homme, book on, noted, 272-273 Mules, art. on, listed, 481 Old Drum (dog), art. on, listed, 366 Mulligan, Glenn, 322 Old Mines Area Historical Society, 88, 238 Murdock, John, 319, 320 Old Trails Historical Society, 88, 239, 347, 468 Murphy, Lt. David, 153 Oleander (boat), art. on, listed, 369 Murphy, William D., 171, 173, 174, 177 Older Americans Act, 217, 218 Murray, Philip, 325 Olendorf, George, art. on, listed, 109 Museums Olson, Dr. James, C, 11 —Centralia, inside back cover, Oct. issue;, Opdycke, Col. Emerson, 71, 73, 74 (illus.) Order No. 11 (painting), 78, 79; 79, 222 (illus.) —Hoover, Dorothea B., inside back cover, Jan. Oregon, Mo., arts, on, listed, 361 issue; (illus.) Orschlen family art. on, listed, 107 —Kansas City, 455; art. on, listed, 254 Osage City, 194, 197 —Kansas City Museum of History and Sci­ Osceola, 185; art. on, listed, 257 ence, 398 Oster, Donald Bright, book by, noted, 373 —Mississippi County, art. on, listed, 258 "Osterhaus In Missouri: A Study in German- —Nelson-Atkins, arts, on, listed, 106, 487 American Loyalty," 144-167; (illus.) —New Madrid, art. on, listed, 258 Osterhaus, Joseph Adolph, 145 —Old Jail, Laclede County, art. on, listed, 365 Osterhaus, Peter Joseph, art. on, 144-167; 144 —Paterson, art. on, listed, 252 (illus.) —Polk County, art. on, listed, 263 Outlaws, 6, 435, 452; arts, on, listed, 254, 256, —Schuyler County, inside back cover, July 358,488 issue; (illus.) Index 511

Overland Historical Society, 239, 347 Powell, Joab, art. on, listed, 264 Owen, Albert, art. on, listed, 487 Prairie Hill, art. on, listed, 486 Ozark Tales and Superstitions, noted, 373-374 Prairies, mapping, art. on, listed, 487 Ozarks, 170, 172, 174, 180, 189, 191, 376, 397, Prendergast, JeffT 132 403, 404, 408, 410-412; arts on, listed, 100, Prewitt, Nancy, 10, 13; obit., 495 103, 105, 252, 254, 257, 359, 360, 366, 368, Price, A. M., 221 481,483 Price,R.B.,78,79 Price, Rice, art. on, listed, 101 Price, Gen. Sterling, 51, 52, 142, 151, 152, 162, Page, Daniel, 377, 381, 383, 384; 383 (illus.) 164, 181, 433-435, 437, 440, 445, 446; art. on, Palmer, John M., 385 listed, 262 Panhorst, Harry and Jean, 455 Price, Gen. Thomas Lawson, 415 Parcell, W. Price, obit., 370 Priddy, Bob, 227, 453; book by, noted, 114 Paris Springs, art. on, listed, 256 Primm, James Neal, 9, 10, 87, 223; 221 (illus.); Park, Eleanora, obit., 494 art. by, 375-386 Parker, Lizzie, 185 Pritchett, Coe, obit., 495 Parker, Dr. Ralph, 4 Provost, Etienne, art. on, listed, 263 Parks Pulaski County, book on, noted, 274 —Big Spring, art. on, listed, 361 Pyle, Dr. Elliott, art. on, listed, 250 —Eclipse Amusement, art. on, listed, 260 —Electric, art. on, listed, 254 Q —LaSalle, art. on, listed, 264 Quantrill, William C, 435, 452 —Tower Grove, art. on, listed, 108 Quay, Harriet Ann, art. on, listed, 357 Patrick, Michael, 337 Quirk, Paula McNeill, art. by, 14-22 Patrick, Maj. William K., 184 Quitman, art. on, listed, 483 Patterson, Doyle, 221 Patterson, John W., art. on, listed, 480 R Patterson, Mrs. Maude G., obit., Ill Rabinowitz, Howard N., 124, 126-128, 132, 134, Payson, Charles, art. on, listed, 487 135 Peck, John Mason, art. on, listed, 493 "Race Relations in St. Louis 1865-1916," 123- Pemiscot County, art. on, listed, 104 136; (illus.) Pemiscot Co. Historical Society, 88, 239, 469 Rader, Perry S., 418, 426; 419 (illus.) Penney, J. C, art. on, listed, 357 Radical Republicans, 126, 130, 131 Perkins, Frances, 294 Ragland, Sgt. John, 59 Perry, Mo., arts, on, listed, 257 Railroads, 141, 142, 279, 376, 377-380, 383, 384, Perry County, arts, on, listed, 103, 361, 367, 483, 386; 377 (illus.); arts, on, listed, 100, 103, 106, 484 107, 251, 256, 257, 261, 364, 480, 481, 483, Perry, Gerald, art. on, listed, 265 485,487 Perryville, arts, on, listed, 257, 361, 367, 491 Rail, Harry T., obit., 495 Persning, Gen. John J., art. on, listed, 108 Ralls County, art. on, listed, 359 Pettis County, arts, on, listed, 103, 484 Randolph County, arts, on, listed, 107, 108 Pettis County Historical Society, 239, 347, 469 Randolph County Historical Society, 89, 348 Phelps County, arts, on, listed, 367, 489 Randolph, Vance, art. on, listed, 365 Phelps County Historical Society, 347, 469 Rankin, Jeanette, 294 Phelps, John S., 172 Ray County, arts, on, listed, 264, 367, 490 Phenix, Mo., art. on, listed, 492 Ray County Historical Society, 348, 470 Phillips, Wilbur, art. on, listed, 480 Rayburn, Sam, 306 Philpott, Addison, art. on, listed, 264 Raynor, Tina, book by, noted, 500 Piazza, Joseph, art. on, listed, 258 Raytown, arts, on, listed, 110, 257 Piedmont, Mo., arts, on, listed, 103 Raytown Historical Society, 89, 240, 348, 470 Pierce City, 397, 398; 398 (illus.) Rector, Alex, art. on, listed, 255 Pike County, 186; art. on, listed, 360 Reed, Henry, 193 Pike County Historical Society, 88, 239, 348, 469 Revels, Hiram, 125 Pike, Leslie Francis, book by, noted, 119-120 Reynolds, Elsbery W., 402, 403 Pilot Knob, Mo., 138, 139, 141, 143, 190; art. on, Rice, Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Jackson, art. on, listed, 266 listed, 359 Pineville, arts, on, listed, 250, 484 Richardson, Erma Nata, art. on, listed, 366 Pinkett, Harold, 337 Richardson, Medora, 45 Pioneer America Society, 455 Richardson, Dr. Robert, 45 Pioneer Heritage Association, 88, 239 Richmond, Mo., arts, on, listed, 103, 108, 257, Pitchar, Nancy, 442 361,367,484 Pitchard, W., 450 Richmond Heights, art. on, listed,109 Pittsburg, Kansas, 398-402, 404, 407, 408 Ridley, Jack B., 454; book by, reviewed, 496-497 Plains, mapping, arts, on, listed, 487 Rifle, art. on, listed 263 Plank roads, art. on, 137-143; (illus.) Rigdon, Sidney, art. on, listed, 367 "Planks for Industry," by William F. Farr, 137- Ritter, Martisha Taylor, arts, on, listed, 490 143; (illus.) Rittershouse, Bertie, art. on, listed, 105 Platte County, arts, on, listed, 108, 367 Rivers, 24, 52-54, 64-66, 69, 73, 75, 76, 128, 139, Platte County Historical Society, 239, 469 141, 150, 151, 169, 172, 174-176, 183, 190, Pleasant Hill, art. in, listed, 484 191, 195-197, 380, 396, 397, 400, 401, 408, Pleasant Hill Historical Society, 240, 348, 470 430, 431; 55, 74, 196 (illus.) Plummer, Joseph, 152 —arts, on, listed, 103, 110, 250, 261, 363-365, Polk, Mo., art. on, listed, 483 368, 481, 482, 485-487, 489, 492 Pomeroy.C. W.,439 —Upper Mississippi, thesis on, noted, 267 Pony Express, art. on, listed, 107 Riverside, Mo., art. on, listed, 264 Pony Express Historical Association, 240, 348, Roach, Neal, 299, 302 470 Roberts, Timothy, 454 Pool, Dave, 439 Robertsville, art. on, listed, 490 Pope, Rowena May, book by, noted, 273-274 Robidoux, Joseph, art. on, listed, 258 Poplar Bluff, Mo., art. on, listed, 484 Robinson, Nola, art. on, listed, 99 Porter, David, 442 Robison, E. G., art. on, listed, 363 Post Offices, arts, on, listed, 105, 106, 252, 253, Roby, Mo., art. on, listed, 253 256, 258, 262, 265, 358, 360, 361, 365, 368, Rogers, Will, art. on, listed, 263 486,491 Rolla, 155, 159-160; 155 (illus.); arts, on, listed, PostCards From DeKalb County, Mo., noted, 107,263,489 116 Rollins, Maj. James S., 78, 79 Postmasters, arts, on, listed, 105, 264, 367, 486 Rollins, Juliet B., 79 Potter family, art. on, listed, 262 Rombauer, Robert J., 144 Powell, Angelo, 49 Roney, Gary, art. on, listed, 362 Powell, Benjamin E., 3, 4 Roosevelt, Eleanor, 294, 297, 305, 309, 324 512 Index

Roosevelt, Pres. Franklin D., 6, 214, 294, 297, Saline County, 25, 29; arts, on, listed, 255, 360, 298, 301, 302, 305, 312, 313, 324-327; 296, 298 490 (illus.) Saline County Historical Society, 471 Rosati, art. on, listed, 258 Salisbury, Mo., art. on, listed, 258 Rosier family, art. on, listed, 98 Salisbury, George, art. on, listed, 487 Ross, Charles G., 317, 332, 334; 333 (illus.) Samuel, Dr. Ruben, art. on, listed, 488 Ross, J. K., 408 Santa Fe, N.M., arts, on, listed, 260, 480, 487 Ross, Louise, 317, 333 Sappington, John, art. on, listed, 108 Rothermel, Milton A. V., art. on, listed, 369 Sartain, John, 78 Rothwell family, art. on, listed, 490 Saum, Prof. Lewis, 13 Rowena, Mo., art. on, listed, 480 Saunders, Guy, art. on, listed, 103 Russell, Ann C, 377 Savannah, arts, on, listed, 363 Russell, David, 431 Saver, Joseph E., 139 Sawyer, Samuel L., 443, 446 St. Sawyer, Mrs. Samuel L., 443 St. Anthony, Mo., art. on, listed, 252 Schadt, Otto, 148, 150, 155, 157 St. Charles, arts, on, listed, 258, 261 Schaefer, Col. Frederick, 150, 156 St. Charles County, Home for the Poor, 209; Scherr, Adele M., obit., 268 (illus.) Schiermeier, J. W., book by, noted, 121 St. Charles County Historical Society, 89, 240, Schirmer, Sherry Lamb, book by, reviewed, 112- 470 113 St. Clair County, art. on, listed, 490 Schofield, John M., 65, 67, 73, 148 St. Elizabeth, art. on, listed, 252 Schools, 13, 127, 148, 295, 381, 390, 405, 416, St. Francois County, 138, 140, 142 417, 442, 484; see also University of Missouri St. Francois County Historical Society, 89, 241, —Abesville, art. on, listed, 251 349, 470 —Armoka Academy, art. on, listed, 101 Ste. Genevieve, 137, 139, 141, 143; arts, on, —Baird Military Academy, art. on, listed, 358 listed, 252, 253, 257, 484 —Bakersfield, art. on, listed, 252 Ste. Genevieve, Iron Mountain & Pilot Knob —Baldridge, art. on, listed, 108 Plank Road, 138, 143; 137 (illus.) —Ballard, art. on, listed, 357 St. James, art. on, listed, 361 —Baxter, art. on, listed, 357 St. James Historical Preservation Society, 349 —Beeler, art. on, listed, 258 St. John's Church and Leopold, Missouri, 1856- —Burroughs, art. on, listed, 258 1981, noted, 272 —Caruthersville, art. on, listed, 489 St. Joseph, Mo., 45, 47, 49; arts, on, listed, 104, —Central High School, St. Louis, 295 258,361 —Chamois, art. on, listed, 255 St. Joseph Historical Society, 241, 349, 471; art. —Cleveland High, St. Louis, art. on, listed, on, listed, 258 St. Joseph Museum, 241 484 St. Louis, 3, 11, 15, 39, 139, 142-145, 147-149, —Cottey College, arts, on, listed, 480, 483 151, 155-158, 170-173, 175, 176, 178, 184, 192- —Crescent Hill, art. on, listed, 250 195, 197, 202, 204, 295, 415, 416, 424, 431, —Danville Female, art. on, listed, 256 433, 434, 446; 375 (illus.) —East Central College, art. on, listed, 363 —arts, on, listed, 108, 258, 260, 265, 362, 364, —Eliot Seminary, 381 367,368, 487 —Flat Top, art. on, listed, 104 —aviation, arts, on, listed, 261, 368 —Grace, art. on, listed, 98 —baseball teams, arts, on, listed, 106, 261, —Hannibal, arts, on, listed, 359, 369 265, 491 —Hardin, art. on, listed, 253 —businesses, arts, on, listed, 365, 491 —Hiram College, Ohio, 10, 392-396, 404, 412; —businessmen, art. on, 375-386; (illus.) 394 (illus.) —Chamber of Commerce, 385 —Hogan Schoolhouse, art. on, listed, 101 —churches, arts, on, listed, 261 —Humansville, art. on, listed, 100 —civic celebrations, art. on, listed, 264 —Jackson County, arts, on, listed, 253, 264 —crime, art. on, listed, 262 —Jewell, William, art. on, listed, 493 —Ellerdsville district, 128 —Kemper Military, Boonville, arts, on, listed, —Firmin Desloge Hospital, art. on, listed, 264 106, 262, 364 —Fox Theater, art. on, listed, 107 —Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, —historic buildings, art. on, listed, 104 art. on, listed, 488 —homes, arts, on, listed, 487 —Lewis, E. G., Art Academy, art. on, listed, —hotels, art. on, listed, 261 258 —Indian mounds, art. on, listed, 264 —Liberty Eagle, art. on, listed, 479 —Japanese Garden, art. on, listed, 262 —Lincoln University, art. on, listed, 101 —jazz, art. on, listed, 108 —Maries County, art. on, listed, 362 —Kingsbury Place, book on, noted, 118-119 —Maryville, art. on, listed, 483 —Municipal Assembly, 129 —Missouri School of Mines, Rolla, book on, re­ —neighborhoods, arts, on, listed, 107, 109, viewed, 496-497 265,367, 368 —Missouri Southern State College, arts, on, —newspapers, art. on, listed, 368 listed, 486 —Post Office, art. on, listed, 258 —Missouri Valley College, art. on, listed, 492 —race relations, art. on, 123-136 —Moberly Area Junior College, arts on, —riverfront, arts, on, listed, 261, 491 listed, 107, 263, 366, 489 —schools, arts, on, listed, 258, 484 —Mount Vernon, Bates County, arts, on, St. Louis County, 170, 378; arts, on, listed, 108, listed, 97, 98 485 —Nevada, art. on, listed, 103 St. Louis Court of Appeals, arts, on, listed, 264, —North Ward School, art. on, listed, 263 367 —Nyhart School, art. on, listed, 250 St. Louis Department of Parks, Recreation & —Osborn, art. on, listed, 106 Forestry, art. on, listed, 265; thesis on, noted, —Ozarks, arts, on, listed, 101, 257, 489 267 —Parkview, art. on, listed, 368 St. Louis Exposition, 134; art. on, listed, 260 —Quitman, art. on, listed, 360 St. Louis Fur Market 1800 (painting), front —Rich Fountain, art. on, listed, 255 cover, Jan. issue; (illus.) —Richmond, art. on, listed, 367 St. Louis Westerners, 241, 471 —St. Ludger's, art. on, listed, 97 St. Louis World's Fair, 1904, 417, 421; arts, on, —Scarritt Collegiate Institute, Neosho, art. listed, 109, 487 on, listed, 263 St. Marys, Mo., 139, 141 —School of Osteopathy, art. on, listed, 107 Saint Yocum, art. on, listed, 263 —School of the Ozarks, Forsyth, art. on, listed, 493 —Southwest Missouri State University, West SPEBSQSA, art. on, listed, 263 Plains, art. on, listed, 266 Salem, Mo., arts, on, listed, 258 Index 513

—Spring Grove, art. on, listed, 261 —movie houses, art. on, listed, 109 —Stephens College, arts, on, listed, 265, 266 —National Cemetery, art. on, listed, 109 —Stowe Teachers College, art. on, listed, 364 —newspapers, art. on, listed, 110 —Sweeny Automobile and Tractor, Kansas —Old Frisco Freight Station, arts, on, listed, City, art. on, listed, 101 492 —Tarkio College, art. on, listed, 104 —Rothermel Brothers Flour and Feed Mill, —Trenton Junior College, art. on, listed, 491 art. on, listed, 369 —Vashon Elementary, St. Louis, 127 —Shelton, Gabriel, home, art. on, listed, 259 —Walnut Park Elementary, St. Louis, 127 —Star Theater, art. on, listed, 109 —Warrensburg, arts, on, listed, 105, 485 —Tiny Town, art. on, listed, 265 —Washington University, St. Louis, 134, 135, Springhill, Missouri, Its History, People, and 381, 416; 135 (illus.); art. on, listed, 258 Events, noted, 275 —Westminster College, art. on, 277-292; Stamps, arts, on, listed, 108, 262, 365 (illus.) Stanton, Thomas C, art. on, listed, 366 —Wheeler School, art. on, listed, 107 Stapel, Henry F., 420, 421, 423, 424; 421 (illus.) —White Oak, arts, on, listed, 266, 493 Stark, Lloyd C, 3, 5 Schoonover, Mrs. Electra M., obit., 495 Starkey, Lycurgus Monroe, Sr., art. on, listed, Schupback family, art. on, listed, 110 492 Schurz, Carl, 130 State Historical Society of Missouri, 2-4, 10, 11, Schuyler County Historical Society, 242, 471; in­ 13, 14, 79, 278; Annual Meeting, 219-225; side back cover, July issue (illus.) Scotland County Historical Society, 89, 242, 349, Stauter, Dr. Mark, 11 471 Steamboats Scott County, arts, on, listed, 484, 485 —arts, on, listed, 266, 369 Scott County Historical Society, 471 —bells, art. on, listed, 369 Scott, Ellie, art. on, listed, 485 —Betsy Ann, art. on, listed, 266 Scrivner, Benjamin Payne, art. on, listed, 490 —City of Louisiana, 150 Scruby, S. R., obit., 370 —Emma, 197 Sears, Claudius W., 56-58, 61, 64, 67, 73 —George Keith, art. on, listed, 368 Second Fiddle to Chautauqua, noted, 374 —Idlewild, art. on, listed, 261 Sedalia, arts, on, listed, 100, 362 —J. R. Wells, arts, on, listed, 485, 492 Seneca, Missouri, The Little Town on the Bor­ —John D. Perry, 157 der, Volume II and III, noted, 275 —Kate Kearney, 176 Settle, Morris W., obit., 269 —Lee, art. on, listed, 368 Seymour, Mo., 172 —Natchez, art. on, listed, 368 Shafter, art. on, listed, 358 Steele, Patrick H., 455 Shannon County, art. on, listed, 99 Steele, Phillip W., book by, noted, 373-374 Sharp, Daniel, 296 Steelville, arts, on, listed, 259, 362 Shattack, Joseph, 177 Steely, Marcus Henry, arts, on, listed, 490 Shaw, Henry, 381; art. on, listed, 366 Stephens, Helen, art. on, listed, 264 Shelby County Historical Society, 89, 242, 349, Stephens, Rev. Isaac Daniel, art. on, listed, 484 471 Stevens, David H., 5 Shelby, JO, 433; art. on, listed, 267 Stevenson, Adlai E., Jr., 307, 308 Sheldon, Charles M., 401, 409 Stevenson, Col. John D., 443-447 The Shepherd of the Hills, 409-412; 411 (illus.) Stewart, Alexander P., 54, 66, 67, 69-71 Sherman, William T., 52, 53, 56, 62-65, 67, 166, Stifel, Col. Charles, 434 377 Still, Andrew Taylor, art. on, listed, 262 Shields, Mr. & Mrs. Thomas W., 444 Stimson, Henry L., 329 Shipman, C. B., art. on, listed, 105 Stipp, Christian F., obit., 370 Shoemaker, Floyd C, 3, 4, 10 Stockard, Virginia Alice Cottey, art. on, listed, Short, Mrs. Joseph, 305 480 Siebken, Sylvia, art. on, listed, 105 Stocking, Michael, 337 Sigel, Franz, 145, 149, 157-162; 160 (illus.) Stoddard County, arts, on, listed, 105 Sikeston, arts, on, listed, 104, 362, 484 Stoddard County Historical Society, 90 Silver, Silas, 442 Stone County Historical Society, 90, 472 Silvey, Fred, obit., Ill Stone, Col. Henry, 71 Simms, J. W., art. on, listed, 110 Stoner, Ben E., obit., 269 Skillman, Roy G., obit., 495 Street, Mrs. J. A., obit., 269 Skinner, James, 147 Strike, coal, art. on, listed, 106 Slater, art. on, listed, 366 Strothmann, William F. E., obit., 269 Slaughter, Martin, 441, 450 Stucky, Samuel Benjamin, art. on, listed, 490 Sly, Mrs. Virgil A., obit., 269 Sturgeon, Sallie Lewis Stephens, art. on, listed, Smiser, Mary Miller, obit., Ill 260 Smith, Bryce B., art. on, listed, 359 Sturgis, Samuel, 153,155 Smith, Dr. Charles D., obit., 495 Sullivan County Historical Society, 90 Smith, Forrest, 214 (illus.) Suter family, art. on, listed, 101 Smith, Haden D., art. by, 414-427 Sutherland, P., 449 Smith, Gen. James A., 74 Sutherland, Zacharias, 449 Smith, Robert C, 221 Swinney, Capt. W. D., 42 Smith, Robert Durant, art. by, 414-427 Symington, Stuart, 306 Smoky Hill Railway and Historical Society, 89, Symington, Stuart, Jr., 221 242, 349, 472 T Snoddy, Mrs. W. A., obit., 269 Taft, William Howard, art. on, listed, 369 Snyder, John W., art. on, listed, 366 Talbot, Dr. John A., 30, 33 Social Security Act, 214, 215 Talbott, Bob, 337 Soulard area, arts, on, listed, 109, 265 Taney County, art. on, listed, 107 South East Missouri Civil War Round Table, 90, Tatham, Robert L., book by, noted, 116 242, 350, 472 Taylor, George R., 377, 380 Spearine and Mann (architects), 416 Taylor, John W., 397 Spring River Campground, arts, on, listed, 365, Teasdale, Gov. Joseph P., 216 488 Texas County, arts, on, listed, 102 Springfield, Mo., 151, 153, 156, 158, 161, 199, That Printer of Udell's, 401; 405 (illus.) 397,435,437,452 Theaters —arts, on, listed, 107, 109, 265, 365, 368, 484, —Farris Theatre, Richmond, arts, on, listed, 492 103,108 —blacks, art. on, listed, 486 —Fox Theater, St. Louis, art. on, listed, 107 —book on, noted, 374 —Star Theater, Springfield, art. on, listed, —Evangel Temple Christian Center, art. on, 109 listed, 492 —Gottfried Tower, art. on, listed, 368 Thiele, Gilbert A., obit., 269 514 Index

Thomas, Hattie, book on, noted, 498 —Board of Curators, 8 Thompson, Henry, arts, on, listed, 490 —Western Historical Manuscripts Collection, Thompson, M. Jeff, art. on, listed, 250 art. on, 1-13; (illus.); art. on, listed, 109 Thornburgh, A. H., art. on, listed, 110 University of Missouri-Columbia, 2, 3, 9, 10, 13, Thornburgh family, art. on, listed, 369 14, 80; Ellis Library, 2, 3, 10, 14; 7 (illus.) Tibbe, Anton, 22 (illus.) University of Missouri-Kansas City, 13; arts, on, Tibbe, Mrs. Anton, 14, 222 listed, 106, 254, 265, 359 Tibbe, Anton Arnold, 15, 16, 17, 20; 17 (illus.) University of Missouri-Rolla, 13, 453; book on, Tibbe, Cuthbert, 22 (illus.) reviewed, 496-497 Tibbe, Fritz, 15, 16; 17 (illus.) University of Missouri-St. Louis, 11, 13; arts, on, Tibbe, Henry, art. on, 14-22; 17-19 (illus.) listed, 264, 265 Tibbe, Henry, Jr., 22 (illus.) Unklesbay, Dr. A. G., 13 Tibbe, Jan, 22 (illus.) Utz, Nellie, obit., 370 Tibbe, Mrs. Johanna, 15, 17 (illus.) V Tibbe, Madeline, 22 (illus.) Valle Forge, Mo., 141 Tibbe, Russell, 22 (illus.) Valle, Joseph, 141 Tibbe, Wilhelmina (Cuthbertson), 20, 22 Van Brunt and Howe (architects), art. on, listed, Tilda-Clara (ferry boat), art. on, listed, 483 106 Tillet, Gladys, 302 Van Buren, Pres. Martin, 377 Tipton, arts, on, listed, 98, 485 Van Dorn, Earl, 161, 162, 164, 165 To My Sons, 387 Van Horn, Robert T., art. on, listed, 106 Tolson, Melvin B., art. on, listed, 487 Vancil, Cecil, art. on, listed, 357 Torbert, E. B., 176, 177, 195 Vandalia, arts, on, listed, 365, 367 Torbert, Henrietta Jones, 176, 195 Vandiver, Charles Pincknew, art. on, listed, 260 Tornadoes, arts, on, listed, 102, 255, 257, 493 Vandiver's Farm, art. on, listed, 266 Torrence, John Stull, art. on, listed, 365 Vardeman, Jeremiah, art. on, listed, 493 Totten, James, 153 Vashon, George, 132 Trading Post (painting), front cover, Oct. issue; Vaughan, Gen. Harry H., 6, 278, 319-321, 335; (illus.) 279, 320 (illus.) Train ferry boats, art. on, listed, 491 Velmer, Natalie, 80 Trigg, Mrs. Baker, 283 (illus.) "Vernacular Building Process in Missouri: Trigg, Mrs. Susan, 444 Nathaniel Leonard's Activities, 1825-1870," Trimble, George W., arts, on, listed, 360 23-50; (illus.) Troy, art. on, listed, 488 Vernon County, 78; arts, on, listed, 103, 256, 357 Truman, Bess, 299, 316-319, 330-332; 304, 307, Vernon County Historical Society, 90, 243, 350, 324, 331 (illus.); arts, on, listed, 110, 266 472 Truman, Pres. Harry S., 6-9, 294, 295, 297-305, Vest, George Graham, art. on, listed, 366 307-310; 277, 279, 281-283, 285, 287, 289, 303, Vickery, Robert L., Sr., obit., Ill 304, 308, 311, 318, 324, 327, 328 (illus.) Vienna, Mo., art. on, listed, 362 —arts, on, 277-292, (illus.); 311-366, (illus.) Vinson, Fred, 304, 313 —arts, on, listed, 108, 254, 359, 363, 365, 369, "A Visitor to the White House, 1947: The Diary 482, 486, 487, 489, 493 of Vic H. Housholder," by Robert H. Ferrell, —home, Independence, arts, on, listed, 250, 311-336; (illus.) 253,258,490 —home, Lamar, front cover, April issue; W (illus.) Wagner, Herman, 322 —letters of, book on, reviewed, 371-372 Walbridge, Cyrus, 133 Truman Library Institute, 9 Walker, India, see Edwards, India Truman, Margaret, 299, 316-318; 304, 307, 324 Walker, India Thomas, 295 (illus.) Walker, Virginia, 295 Truman, Gen. Ralph, 319 Wallace, Fred, 317, 331 Trumbauer, Frank, art. on, listed, 108 Wallace, Henry, 432, 439, 446, 451 Tucker, Avis, art. on, listed, 365 Wallace, Mrs. Madge Gates, 330, 331 Turner, J. Milton, 130, 132, 188 Waller family, art. on, listed, 108 Tuscumbia, arts, on, listed, 101, 492 Walnut Grove, Mo., art. on, listed, 109 Tutt, Davis K., art. on, listed, 367 Walsh, Edward, 384 Twain, Mark, 15; arts, on, listed, 105, 256, 261, Walthall, Edward, 67, 69, 70, 75, 76 262,263, 364, 366, 368, 491 Ward, CM., 184 Twenter, Sylvester, art. on, listed, 250 Ward, G. Pearson, art. on, listed, 265 Tyree, John, art. on, listed, 259 Warder, Rev. Joseph W., 448 Warren County Historical Society, 243, 350 U Warren, Lt. G. W., 58, 74 UM-Rolla: A History of MSM/UMR, reviewed, Warrensburg, arts, on, listed, 105, 107, 485 496-497 Warsaw, Illinois, art. on, listed, 266 Uncles, Col. John, 319, 320 Warsaw, arts, on, listed, 362, 365 Underwood, Lawrence C, 395 Washington, 15; arts, on, listed, 104, 259; book Union, Mo., art. on, listed, 368 on, noted, 121 Union Cemetery Historical Society, 472 Washington County, 171; book on, noted, 120 Unionville, Mo., art. on, listed, 362 Wasson family, art. on, listed, 257 United Nations, 277, 297 Watson, Alma, 389-391 United States Constitution, 130-131, 132, 133, Watson, Barry Bascom, obit., 269 135, 293, 295 Weaver, John, 11 United States Government Webb, Joe, book by, noted, 498 —Air Force, 296 Webb, John P., art. on, listed, 262 —Army, 124, 312, 317, 319, 336; art. on, Webster County, 172, 174; arts, on, listed, 369 listed, 486 Webster County Historical Society, 472 —Congress, 165, 181, 182, 195, 214, 217, 218, Webster Groves, arts, on, listed, 369, 493 294,298, 300, 320, 386 Webster Groves Historical Society, 91, 243, 351, —Continental Congress, 293 473 —Department of Agriculture, 216 Weingarten, Mo., 138, 139 —Federal Communications Commission, 303, Weirick, Upton L., 16 305 Weitkamper family, art. on, listed, 104 —House, 182 Welch, Eddie, 317 —Senate, 323 Wells, Erastus, 377, 385, 386 —State Department, 296 Wells, Rolla, 133 —Treasury, 182 Wentzville Historical Society, 91, 243, 473 United States Supreme Court, 130, 304, 313, 328 West Plains, arts, on, listed, 110, 266, 369 University City, arts, on, listed, 486, 488 "The Western Historical Manuscripts Collection University of Missouri, 431 of the University of Missouri 1943-1983," by —arts, on, listed, 260, 265, 488 Lewis E. Atherton, 1-13; (illus.) Index 515

Western Sanitary Commission, 377, 381, 384 Westfall, David, 79 Weston, Mrs. Charles H., obit., 495 Weston Historical Museum, 243, 473 Westphalia Historical Society, 243 Westport, arts, on, listed, 106,110, 254 Westport Historical Society, 91, 243, 351, 473 Wheeler, John W., 132 White House, 311-315, 319-324, 326, 330, 334; 316, 321, 323 (illus.) White, John, 449 White, Pearl, arts, on, listed, 368, 492 White River Valley Historical Society, 91 White, Robert M., II, art. on, listed, 366 Wigginton, John, art., on, listed, 262 Wilder, Laura Ingalls, arts, on, listed, 264, 491 Wilkerson, John Clyde, art. on, listed, 365 Wilkinson, James, art. on, listed, 263 Williams, Beulah, art. on, listed, 110 Williams, Cleora, art. on, listed, 110 Williams, Ella, art. on, listed, 110 Williams, Fritze, art. on, listed, 110 Williams, Lance, book by, noted, 373 Williams, Marcus, 48, 49 Williams, Paul, 387 Williams, Tennessee, art. on, listed, 266 Williams, Todd, art. on, listed, 491 Williams, Dr. William, 402, 403 Willibrand, Dr. William A., art. on, listed, 360 Willow Springs, arts, on, listed, 110, 259, 485 Wilson, A. J., art. on, listed, 266 Wilson, George Earle, art. on, listed, 265 Wilson, Lanford, art. on, listed, 109 Wilson's Creek, 152, 154-156, 435 Wixson, Douglas, 453 Wolfe, A. Herman, art. on, listed, 360 Wolpers, Robert, 221 Women —artists, St. Louis, art. on, listed, 106 —politics, art. on, 293-310; (illus.) —suffrage movement, St. Louis, art. on, listed, 106 Wonderland {showboat), art. on, listed, 364 Wood family, art. on, listed, 369 Wood, Neal S., 287; 279 (illus.) Wood, Mrs. Neal S., obit., 370 Woodhouse, Chase Going, 298, 299 Woodruff, Mrs. Audrey L., 80 Woodward, C. Vann, 124 Woodworth, Maria B., art. on, listed, 368 World War I, 314, 336; art. on, listed, 486 World War II, 277,301 Worth County Historical Society, 244 Wray, Newt, art. on, listed, 255 Wren, Christopher, 291 Wright, Ben, 397 Wright, Bonnie, art. by, 414-427 Wright, C.B., art. on, listed, 259 Wright, Ebenezer, 388, 389 Wright, Gilbert Munger, 387 Wright, Harold Bell, —art. on, 387-413; 387, 409 (illus.) —arts, on, listed, 257, 360 Wright, John, art. on, listed, 103 Wright, Louis B., 375 Wright, Norman Hall, 387 Wright, Paul Williams, 387 Wright, Thomas, 388 Wright, William, 389, 397 Wright, William Augustus, 389-391 Wright's Settlement, 388-389 Y Yagers, Johanna, see Tibbe, Mrs. Johanna Yagers, Margarethe, 17 (illus.) Yandell, Clyde, art. on, listed, 357 "Yankee Merchants in a Border City: A Look At St. Louis Businessmen in the 1850s," by James Neal Primm, 375-386; (illus.) Yeaman, W. Pope, art. on, listed, 493 Yeatman, James, 377, 383, 384 Yoachum Dollar, art. on, listed, 257 Young, William H., 56-60, 67 Younger, Bob, art. on, listed, 254 Younger, Cole, 6 Younger, Jim, art. on, listed, 254 Z Ziegenhein, Henry, 133 Zimmer, Alice E., obit., Ill

MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW

Published Quarterly

by

THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA, MISSOURI

Copyright © 1984 by the State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201

RICHARD S. BROWNLEE EDITOR

MARY K. DAINS ASSOCIATE EDITOR VOLUME LXXVIII JAMES W. GOODRICH OCTOBER, 1983- ASSOCIATE EDITOR JULY, 1984 CONTRIBUTORS

VOLUME LXXVIII, NOS. 1, 2, 3 AND 4

ATHERTON, LEWIS E., past president of the State Historical Society of Missouri and professor emeritus of History, University of Missouri-Columbia.

CHRISTENSEN, LAWRENCE O., associate professor of History, University of Missouri- Rolla.

DAINS, MARY K., associate editor, MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

DENNY, JAMES M., Chief of Survey and Registration, Historic Preservation Pro­ gram, Division of Parks and Historic Preservation, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Jefferson City. ERNEST, DOUGLAS J., assistant reference librarian, Colorado State University Li­ braries, Fort Collins. FARR, WILLIAM F., student at North County Senior High School, Desloge, Mis­ souri.

FERRELL, ROBERT H., professor of History, Indiana University, Bloomington.

FRAZIER, MARGARET MENDENHALL, retired, Danville, California.

GOODRICH, JAMES W., associate director of the State Historical Society of Mis­ souri and associate editor, MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

HESS, EARL J., doctoral candidate in American Studies, Purdue University, Lafay­ ette, Indiana.

JONES, CHARLES T., professor of American History, William Woods College, Fulton.

MARCH, DAVID D., professor emeritus of History, Northeast Missouri State Uni­ versity, Kirksville.

MORGAN, GEORGIA COOK, co-owner of The Morgan Companies, a marketing and research firm, Joplin.

MORROW, LYNN, doctoral candidate in History, University of Missouri-Columbia.

PRIMM, JAMES NEAL, professor of History, University of Missouri-St. Louis.

QUIRK, PAULA MCNEILL, manuscript specialist for the Joint Collection, Univer­ sity of Missouri-Columbia Western Historical Manuscripts-State Historical Society of Missouri Manuscripts.

SMITH, HADEN D., student, Washington University, St. Louis.

SMITH, ROBERT DURANT, assistant librarian, Missouri Supreme Court Library, Jefferson City.

WRIGHT, BONNIE, cultural resource preservationist, Division of Parks and His­ toric Preservation, Jefferson City. CONTENTS

VOLUME LXXVIII, NOS. 1, 2, 3 AND 4

AND IT WAS RED: MISSOURI'S NEW SUPREME COURT BUILDING, 1907. By Bonnie Wright, Robert Durant Smith, and Haden D. Smith 414

BROTHER HAL: THE PREACHING CAREER OF HAROLD BELL WRIGHT. By Charles T. Jones 387

FULTON'S DISTINGUISHED VISITORS: TRUMAN AND CHURCHILL, 1946. By Mary K. Dains 277

INDIA EDWARDS: DISTAFF POLITICIAN OF THE TRUMAN ERA. By Georgia Cook Morgan 293

JOSEPH WASHINGTON MCCLURG: ENTREPRENEUR, POLITICIAN, CITIZEN. By Lynn Morrow . 168

"LIFE IS UNCERTAIN . . ."; WILLARD HALL MENDENHALL'S 1862 CIVIL WAR DIARY, PART I. Edited by Margaret Mendenhall Frazier and James W. Goodrich 428

THE "MISSOURI MEERSCHAUM" PIPE. By Paula McNeill Quirk 14

MISSOURI'S CARE OF THE INDIGENT AGED. By David D. March 202

A "NEEDLESS EFFUSION OF BLOOD": THE CONFEDERATE MISSOURI BRIGADE AND HOOD'S INVASION OF TENNESSEE IN 1864. By Douglas J. Ernest 51

OSTERHAUS IN MISSOURI: A STUDY IN GERMAN-AMERICAN LOYALTY.

By Earl /. Hess 144

PLANKS FOR INDUSTRY. By William F, Farr 137

RACE RELATIONS IN ST. LQUIS 1865-1916. By Lawrence O. Christensen 123

VERNACULAR BUILDING PROCESS IN MISSOURI: NATHANIEL LEONARD'S ACTIVITIES, 1825-1870. By James M, Denny 23 A VISIT TO THE WHITE HOUSE, 1947: THE DIARY OF VIC H. HOUSHOLDER, Edited by Robert H. Ferrell 311

THE WESTERN HISTORICAL MANUSCRIPTS COLLECTION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI, 1943-1983. By LEWIS E. ATHERTON 1

YANKEE MERCHANTS IN A BORDER CITY: A LOOK AT ST. LOUIS BUSINESSMEN IN THE 1850S. By James Neal Primm 375

SCHUYLER COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY MUSEUM In January 1972, the Schuyler County Business and Professional Women's Club organized the Schuyler County Historical Society. Over 570 enthusiastic people became charter members and worked to preserve the area's unique local history. Although the county is second smallest in size and fourth smallest in population of all Missouri counties, it has contributed a large share of leaders to all walks of life. Prominent citizens have included author-lecturer Rupert Hughes, financier Tom K. Smith, Chief Justice William F. Frank, and animal trader and showman William P. Hall. After a successful fund-raising campaign, the Schuyler County Historical Society, in June 1974, purchased the William P. Hall home in Lancaster. Built near the turn of the century of late Queen Anne style, the house stands just two blocks west of the city square on State Highway 136. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in January 1976. Members of the historical society made improvements to the historic building and grounds, but did not propose to restore the house to its former luxuriousness. Intended as a museum, it preserves the cultural heritage of the county and reflects the rich traditions in its artifacts and memorabilia. The structure houses the historical records of the society and its newspaper files, a military room displays uniforms and accessories from the Civil War through Vietnam, a history room contains personal articles, clothing and household items from the county's past 100 years. A special exhibit features the life and career of Colonel W. P. "Diamond Billv" Flail. Born in Schuyler County, February 29, 1864, Hall became an orphan at age 14. He hired out to a neighboring farmer for a dollar a week and his board. A fondness for animals led him to save nearly all his earnings and purchase his first horse. In order to learn more about horses, he acquired a job at the local livery stable in Lancaster. His experience served him well and he became a well-known animal trader. From headquarters in Lancaster, Hall began shipping stock overseas to Europe, and in return, transported elephants and exotic animals back to the states. Supplying horses and mules for the Boer War and World War I made him a rich man. In January 1905, Hall purchased a circus and sent it on the road for one short season. Hall also continued to handle business dealings with circuses. He bought defunct shows, sold and leased equipment and provided winter quarters for others. Reportedly, his large barns, at one time, housed one tenth of the total elephant population in the United States, with Hall the largest individual owner on the globe. His faultless attire and flashy display of diamonds earned for him the nickname "Diamond Billy." He died at his home in Lancaster on June 30, 1932. In addition to the Hall home, the Schuyler County Historical Society is restoring an 1870s log house, which has been moved to the museum grounds. A typical rural school building also was moved to the site and will depict a period school scene and house school records and library items. The Hall House Museum and other adjacent sites are open to the public, Monday-Friday, 9-12 A.M., and 1-4 P.M., and Saturday and Sunday afternoons, from mid-May to mid-October.