粉蝨傳播criniviruses 之生物學及其防治策略
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Epidemiology of Criniviruses: an Emerging Problem in World Agriculture
REVIEW ARTICLE published: 16 May 2013 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00119 Epidemiology of criniviruses: an emerging problem in world agriculture Ioannis E.Tzanetakis1*, Robert R. Martin 2 and William M. Wintermantel 3* 1 Department of Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA 2 Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Corvallis, OR, USA 3 Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA, USA Edited by: The genus Crinivirus includes the whitefly-transmitted members of the family Clos- Bryce Falk, University of California at teroviridae. Whitefly-transmitted viruses have emerged as a major problem for world Davis, USA agriculture and are responsible for diseases that lead to losses measured in the billions Reviewed by: of dollars annually. Criniviruses emerged as a major agricultural threat at the end of the Kriton Kalantidis, Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas, twentieth century with the establishment and naturalization of their whitefly vectors, Greece members of the generaTrialeurodes and Bemisia, in temperate climates around the globe. Lucy R. Stewart, United States Several criniviruses cause significant diseases in single infections whereas others remain Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, USA asymptomatic and only cause disease when found in mixed infections with other viruses. Characterization of the majority of criniviruses has been done in the last 20 years and this *Correspondence: Ioannis E. Tzanetakis, Department of article provides a detailed review on the epidemiology of this important group of viruses. Plant Pathology, Division of Keywords: Crinivirus, Closteroviridae, whitefly, transmission, detection, control Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. -
Rastlinski Virusi in Njihovo Poimenovanje
RASTLINSKI VIRUSI IN NJIHOVO POIMENOVANJE VARSTVO RASTLIN RASTLINSKI VIRUSI IN NJIHOVO POIMENOVANJE Uredila Irena Mavrič Pleško Ljubljana 2016 Izdal in založil KMETIJSKI INŠTITUT SLOVENIJE Ljubljana, Hacquetova ulica 17 Uredila Irena Mavrič Pleško Recenzirala prof. dr. Lea Milevoj Lektorirala Barbara Škrbina in Tomaž Sajovic Fotografija na naslovnici Irena Mavrič Pleško Oblikovanje AV Studio Dostopno na spletni strani Kmetijskega inštituta Slovenije (www.kis.si) CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 578.85/.86(0.034.2) 632.38(0.034.2) 811.163.6'373.22:578.85/.86(0.034.2) RASTLINSKI virusi in njihovo poimenovanje [Elektronski vir] / uredila Irena Mavrič Pleško. - El. knjiga. - Ljubljana : Kmetijski inštitut Slovenije, 2016 ISBN 978-961-6998-03-1 (pdf) 1. Mavrič Pleško, Irena 284801024 The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013] under grant agreement n° [316205]. UVOD Rastlinski virusi so povzročitelji številnih bolezni Po teh odkritjih se je rastlinska virologija začela rastlin. Praktično vse rastline, ki jih ljudje gojimo, izjemno hitro razvijati. Najprej so ugotovili, da okužujejo virusi. Prva znana pisna omemba neče- rastlinske viruse prenašajo žuželke in da se v ne- sa, kar je zelo verjetno bolezen, ki jo je povzročil katerih od njih virusi tudi razmnožujejo. Ugoto- rastlinski virus, je v japonski pesmi iz leta 752 n. š., vili so tudi, da lahko lokalne lezije, ki se pojavijo ki jo je napisala japonska vladarica Koken. V Evro- na nekaterih rastlinah po mehanski inokulaciji, pi so v obdobju od 1600 do 1660 nastale številne uporabljajo kot kvantitativni test. -
Complete Sequence, Improved Detection and Functional Analysis Of
AF COMPLETE SEQUENCE, IMPROVEI) DETECTION AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF GRAPEVINE LEAFROLL- ASSOCIATED VIRUS / (GLRaV-1) Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Adelaide by Alan Little B. Sc. (Hons) April, 2004 CONTENTS SUMMARY STATEMENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS GENERAL INTRODUCTION ONE GRAPEVINE LEAFROLL DISE,ASE I4 1.1 Introduction t4 I.2 Symptoms I4 1.3 Distribution 15 1.3.1 Occurrence of grapevine leafroll in Australia T6 L4 Transmission 16 1.5 Detection and control t7 TWO GRAPEVINE LEAFROLL-AS SOCIATED VIRUSES I9 2.I Classification t9 2.2 Morphology and Composition 20 2.3 Genome organisation 22 2.3.I The 3'-end and 5'-end non-coding regions 22 2.3.2 The 5' ORFs 24 2.3.3 The Other ORFs 25 2.4 Variation in closterovirus genomes 27 2.5 Aims of this study 27 GENERAL MATERIALS AND METHODS THREE MATERIALS AND METHODS 30 3.1 Introduction 30 3.2 Materials 30 3.2.1 Buffers and solutions 30 3.2.2 Sources of grapevines 31 3.2.3 Synthetic Oligodeoxyribonucleotides 32 3.2.4 Bacterial strains and plasmid vectors JJ aa J.J Methods 34 3.3.1 Agarose gel electrophoresis 34 3.3.2 Denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis 34 3.3.3 Silver staining 35 3.3.4 Radiolabelling of DNA 35 3.3.5 DNA amplification by PCR 35 3.3.6 Single tube RT-PCR 36 3.3 .7 Purification of DNA from agarose gel slices 36 3.3.8 Restriction enzyme digestion of DNA 36 3.3.9 DNA ligation 37 3.3.10 Transformation of bacteria with recombinant plasmids 37 3.3.11 Growth of bacteria in liquid cultures 38 3.3.I2 Preparation of plasmid DNA 38 3.3.13 Preparation of bacteria glycerol stocks 38 3.3.I4 Preparation of DNA samples for sequencing 38 3.3.15 Preparation of electrocompetent E. -
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies
European Journal of Plant Pathology 109: 195–219, 2003. © 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Mini review Plant viruses transmitted by whiteflies David R. Jones Plant Health Group, Central Science Laboratory, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK (Phone: +441904462098; Fax: +441904462250; E-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 17 November 2002 Key words: whitefly-transmitted viruses, Begomovirus, Crinivirus, Closterovirus, Carlavirus, Ipomovirus, Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trialeurodes abutilonea, Trialeurodes ricini Abstract One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. Introduction Upon hatching, a scale-like, ‘crawler’ stage is followed by three, sessile, immature instars. The last instar or An indirect effect of feeding by some whiteflies is the ‘pupa’ stage undergoes metamorphosis to become an transmission of plant viruses, many of which are of adult (Gill, 1990). -
Proposals Submitted by the Individual Study Groups of the ICTV
Virology Division News 1449 Arch Virol 143/7 (1998) VDNVirology Division News Virus Taxonomy – San Diego 1998 C. R. Pringle Secretary ICTV, Biological Sciences Department, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. The 27th Meeting of the Executive Committee of the International Committee on Taxono- my of Viruses (ICTV) was held at the Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California, on 7th and 8th March of this year. The principle business was review of new taxonomic proposals submitted by the individual Study Groups of the ICTV. The taxonomic proposals listed below are those that were approved by the Executive Committee of the ICTV. These new proposals, subject to formal ratification by postal ballot of the national membership of the ICTV, will be included in the up-dated Universal Taxonomy of Viruses, which will be published as the 7th Report of the ICTV. The Executive Committee plans to have the 7th Report available for sale at the 11th International Congress of Virology, which will take place in Sydney, Australia, in August 1999. The Executive Committee aims to replace vernacular names by international names throughout the Universal Taxonomy, but in certain taxa the designation “…-like viruses” remains. In some cases this is indicative of rejection by the Executive Committee of an international name proposed by a Study Group, or vice versa. In other cases it represents continuing indecision about the definitive criteria for designation of species. A major change in practice was approved at the San Diego Meeting, which is illustrated in the list of new taxonomic proposals that follows. In future the names of all virus species will be italicised and the initial letter will be capitalised. -
Control Strategies for Whitefly As a Vector for Cassava Viral Diseases
Control Strategies for Whitefly as a Vector Elysia Slakie, Caitlin McKee, Angela Gaffney, for Cassava Viral Diseases C. Leigh Anderson & Mary Kay Gugerty EPAR Technical Report No. 233 Professor Leigh Anderson, Principal Investigator Associate Professor Mary Kay Gugerty, Principal Investigator May 21, 2013 Section I: Overview & Summary Cassava is an important crop, particularly in food-insecure regions. It ranks 10th by quantity (19th most important by value) of crops worldwide, with 252,203,769 tonnes produced in 2011 (FAOStat). Cassava yields are compromised by pests such as whiteflies, mites, and weevils, which cause significant crop losses through the spread of viral disease and direct damage to plants. Whiteflies are vectors for viral diseases such as cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), which can reduce yields by up to 40% (Legg & Fauquet, 2004). The flies can also cause direct damage by feeding on the crop and causing root yield reductions. Direct damage is more common on disease-resistant cassava varieties than on local cultivars due to higher whitefly populations on disease-resistant plants, illustrating the uniquely problematic vector- host relationship between cassava and this pest. This report provides background on whitefly damage to cassava as well as summaries of the evidence on the efficacy of four control strategies: Breeding for host plant resistance Intercropping and other planting strategies Insecticides and Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) Biological control through parasitoids, fungus, and predators Though we group information by strategy, most researchers report that controlling whiteflies and the viruses for which it is a vector requires a multifaceted approach. As Thresh & Cooter (2005) suggest, the measures to control CMD should be “simple, inexpensive, and within the limited capacity of the farmers’ concerns.” The four whitefly control strategies are summarized below and discussed in further detail in Section IV. -
Universidade De Brasília Instituto De Ciências Biológicas Departamento De Fitopatologia Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Fitopatologia
UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DEPARTAMENTO DE FITOPATOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM FITOPATOLOGIA Tomato chlorosis virus, HOSPEDEIRAS ALTERNATIVAS E INTERAÇÃO COM TOSPOVÍRUS EM TOMATEIRO TADEU ARAUJO DE SOUZA Brasília – DF 2016 TADEU ARAUJO DE SOUZA Tomato chlorosis virus, HOSPEDEIRAS ALTERNATIVAS E INTERAÇÃO COM TOSPOVÍRUS EM TOMATEIRO Dissertação apresentada à Universidade de Brasília como resquisito parcial para obtenção de título de Mestre em Fitopatologia pelo Programa de Pós- Graduação em Fitopatologia. Orientador Dra. Alice Kazuko Inoue Nagata BRASÍLIA DISTRITO FEDERAL – BRASIL 2016 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA Souza, Tadeu Araujo de. Tomato chlorosis virus, hospedeiras alternativas e interação com tospovírus em tomateiro. / Tadeu Araujo de Souza Brasília, 2016. P. 92 Dissertação de mestrado. Programa de Pós-graduação em Fitopatologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília. 1.Tomato chlorosis virus - Hospedeiras alternativas I. Universidade de Brasília. PPG/FIT. II. Tomato chlorosis virus, hospedeiras alternativas e interação com tospovírus em tomateiro. Aos meus pais Claudir de Souza e Maria Ângela Reis e a Minha Avó Ângela Alves, dedico. AGRADECIMENTOS Especialmente à minha orientadora Dra. Alice Kazuko Inoue Nagata pelos ensinamentos, dedicação em proporcionar o melhor suporte de trabalho para seus alunos e orientações para a realização deste trabalho. A minha família de modo geral, em especial a minha mãe Maria Ângela Reis pelo amor e esforço de cada dia para proporcionar a melhor educação possível para que eu pudesse chegar onde estou. A minha avó Ângela Alves de Araújo, meu exemplo de vida. A minha namorada Thais P. Martins pelo carinho, paciência e compreensão em todos os momentos. Aos meus ex e atuais companheiros de laboratórios Dra. -
Advances in the Diagnosis of Grapevine Virus Diseases Outline
Advances in the diagnosis of grapevine virus diseases Outline • History of plant virus detection • Recent Advancements in virus detection • Grapevine viruses – detection methods • Applications of plant virus disease diagnostics 2 History 1892: Dmitry Ivanovsky: Tobacco mosaic disease could pass through a porcelain filter 1898: Martinus Beijerinck: contagium vivum fluidum 1931: Ernst Ruska: Electron microscope “Plant viruses have obvious importance for food crops and ornamental plants, and a range of viruses are responsible for an estimated $60 billion in crop losses worldwide each year”. Lefeuvre et al. (2019). Evolution and ecology of plant viruses. Nat Rev Microbiol 17, 632–644 3 What is a virus TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus) ss(+) RNA capsid proteins 300 nm long by 18 nm in diameter https://cronodon.com/BioTech/Virus_Tech.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_model_organisms 4 Virus Genome Diversity DNA viruses RNA viruses Linear Circular Linear Circular ss ds ss ds ss ds ss Modified from: Boriana Marintcheva, in Harnessing the Power of Viruses, 2018 5 Importance of Diagnostics • Not all viruses show symptoms • Cause of a specific pattern in symptoms • Source? Where did the virus come from? • How the virus transmitted? • Spatial and temporal disease spread • Plant Protection and Quarantine • Impact on End Product – Mitigation • Disease Management 6 Importance of Diagnostics in Grapevine Production The sustainability of grapevine production system depends heavily on the health status of the propagating planting material being free of grapevine pathogens. Grapevine virus diseases have been known to cause significant economic loses by negatively impacting the yield and quality of the wine. The negative effects of grapevine virus diseases on rooting ability, graft in-take, vigour and berry quality have been demonstrated in commercial grapevine cultivars from distinct geo-climatic conditions. -
Esci Journal of Plant Pathology ISSN: 2305-106X (Online), 2306-1650 (Print) WHITEFLY- a STRONG TRANSMITTER of PLANT VIRUSES Suresh P
ESci J. Plant Pathol. 02 (02) 2013. 102-120 Available Online at ESci Journals ESci Journal of Plant Pathology ISSN: 2305-106X (Online), 2306-1650 (Print) http://www.escijournals.net/EJPP WHITEFLY- A STRONG TRANSMITTER OF PLANT VIRUSES Suresh P. Tiwari*, Sushma Nema, Mahendra N. Khare Department of Plant Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur, India. A B S T R A C T Bemisia tabaci transmit 111 viruses. The silver leaf/sweet potato whitefly prefers 25°C to 30°C for development and rapid generation time while the greenhouse whitefly prefers temperatures of 20°C to 25°C. Eggs hatch in eight to 10 days. Resistance in B- and Q-biotype of B. tabaci appears to be linked to enhanced oxidative detoxification of neonicotinoids. Transmission efficiency from infected weeds to tomato varied from 66.7 to 100 percent, whereas, from tomato to these weeds varied from 58.3 to 83.3 percent. Increased mortality of biotype Q females and immature instars with lower rate of fecundity and progeny size compared to biotype B was recorded in such population when reared in single or mixed cultures. Two genetic types of B. tabaci were distinguished using RAPD-PCR and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequence comparisons. One type was assigned to biotype B and the other was genetically dissimilar to the populations described elsewhere and was named Ms. This new genetic type forms a distinct group that is sister to two other groups, one to which the B biotype is a member and Q bioype have similar values of intra population diversity, which were higher than the values shown by populations of biotype B. -
Molecular Characterization of Criniviruses and Ilarviruses Infecting Strawberry
I AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Ioannis E. Tzanetakis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Molecular and Cellular Biology presented on March 19. 2004. Title: Molecular Characterization of Criniviruses and Ilarviruses Infecting Strawberry Redacted for privacy Abstract approved: Robert R. Martin Pallidosis is a disease of strawbeny identified in 1957 withan unknown etiology. Two previously uncharacterized viruses in strawberry, Strawberry pallidosis associated virus (SPaV) and Beet pseudo-yellows virus (BPYV), have been found associated with disease symptoms. The complete nucleotidesequence of both viruses was determined and molecular detection protocols developed. In addition,an immunological tissue blot assay was developed for SPaV. Phylogenetic analysis of SPaV placed it in the genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae, along with BPYV. Transmission studies identified Trialeuroides vaporariorum, the greenhouse whitefly, as a vector of SPaV, while thevirus was not transmitted by pollen or seed. The geographic distribution of both SPaY and BPYV in the United States was examined. Two ilarviruses of strawbeny were investigated. Tobacco streak virus (TSV) is the type member of the genus Ilarvirus, family Bromoviridae, andcan cause severe yield 11 losses in small fruit crops. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of 15 "TSV" isolates from Fragaria and Rubus revealed that they are homogeneous and represent a new virus species designated as Strawberry necrotic shock virus (SNSV). Nucleic acid-based protocols failed to identify any plants of the study infected with TSV an indication that the virus may not be a pathogen of Fragaria and Rubus. Fragaria chiloensis latent virus (FC1LV) is the second member of the genus ilarvirus that infects strawberry. -
WO 2007/033436 Al
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (43) International Publication Date (10) International Publication Number 29 March 2007 (29.03.2007) PCT WO 2007/033436 Al (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C12N 15/11 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AT,AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CN, (21) International Application Number: CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, PCT/AU2006/00 1402 GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, (22) International Filing Date: LU, LV,LY,MA, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, 26 September 2006 (26.09.2006) NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, (25) Filing Language: English TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW (26) Publication Language: English (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (30) Priority Data: GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, 2005905307 26 September 2005 (26.09.2005) AU ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), European (AT,BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): THE FR, GB, GR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV,MC, NL, PL, PT, UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND [AU/AU]; St. -
Whitefly Transmitted Viruses CP
INDUSTRY BIOSECURITY PLAN FOR THE NURSERY & GARDEN INDUSTRY Threat Specific Contingency Plan Whitefly transmitted viruses Specific examples detailed in this plan: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus Tomato leaf curl virus Lettuce infectious yellows virus Diodia vein chlorosis virus Plant Health Australia October 2010 Disclaimer The scientific and technical content of this document is current to the date published and all efforts have been made to obtain relevant and published information on the pest. New information will be included as it becomes available, or when the document is reviewed. The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice. Plant Health Australia and all persons acting for Plant Health Australia in preparing this publication, expressly disclaim all and any liability to any persons in respect of anything done by any such person in reliance, whether in whole or in part, on this publication. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of Plant Health Australia. Further information For further information regarding this contingency plan, contact Plant Health Australia through the details below. Address: Suite 5, FECCA House 4 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 Email: [email protected] Website: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au PHA & NGIA | Contingency Plan – Whitefly transmitted viruses 1 Purpose and background of this contingency plan ................................................................. 6 2 Australian nursery industry .......................................................................................................