FINDINGS OF DRUG ABUSE RESEARCH An annotated bibliography of NIMH and NIDA-supported extramural grant research 1967-74 in two volumes Volume 1 July 1975 National Institute on Drug Abuse 11400 Rockville Pike Rockville, Maryland 20852 The NIDA Research Monograph Services is property by the Division of Research of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Its primary objective is to provide critical reviews of research problem areas and techniques, the content of state-of-the-art conferences, integrative research reviews and significant original research. Its dual publication emphasis is rapid and targeted dissemination to the scientific and professional community. EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Avram Goldstein, M.D. Addiction Research Foundation Palo Alto, California Jerome Jaffe, M.D. College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University, New York Reese T. Jones, M.D. Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute University of California San Francisco, California William McGlothlin, Ph.D. Department of Psychology, UCLA Los Angeles, California Jack Mendelson, M.D. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center Harvard Medical School McLean Hospital Belmont, Massachusetts Helen Nowlis, Ph.D. Office of Drug Education, DHEW Washington, D.C. Lee Robins, Ph.D. Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri NIDA RESEARCH MONOGRAPH series Robert DuPont, M.D. DIRECTOR, NIDA William Pollin, M.D. DIRECTOR, DIVISION OF RESEARCH, NIDA Robert C. Petersen, Ph.D. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Eunice L. Corfman, M.A. EDITOR Rockwall Building 11400 Rockville Pike Rockville, Maryland, 20852 PREFACE Nearly eight years have elapsed since the inauguration of a high priority Federal research program directed toward better understanding and coping with drug abuse. When that program was begun, estimates of the extent of drug abuse were more frequently based on speculation than on hard data. The basic materials for studying such drugs as marihuana were frequently lacking and research was in its infancy. Opiate research, while it had a much longer history through pioneering work of the Addiction Research Center, the U.S. Public Health Hospitals at Lexington and Fort Worth a and other programs, also underwent a much needed expansion. The research infant has now become a strapping adolescent. While much remains to be learned, this bibliography comprising some 3,500 titles and abstracts attests to the productivity of over 650 researchers whose work was directly supported through grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and its predecessor program in the National Institute of Mental Health. Its publication represents an attempt to give some sense of the diversity and scope of the Federal impact on drug abuse research. It is our hope that it will prove to be a valuable source of scientific information in itself and will also serve as a source document for later analysis of the Federal role in its extramural grant program towards shaping and contributing to the overall drug abuse literature. Preparation of these volumes inevitably leaves us indebted to many individuals and organizations. First and foremost, special thanks are owed to the hundreds of researchers who took time from their busy schedules to give us detailed accounting of the papers they have published arising from our grant support. Without their generous cooperation a reasonably complete account- ing would not have been possible. Thanks are also due to the staffs of some twenty libraries, information services and clearinghouses which provided assistance in many ways. The actual production of the volumes demands thanks to many individuals whose commitment to the detailed preparation required testifies to their fine level of professionalism. Special thanks are due to the staff of Koba Associates, Inc., particularly to Georgette Semick, the project director, ably assisted by Carol Tuckerman and to their research assistants Tina Lindegren and Kath Nesper. Susan Lachter, Acting Chief of the National Clearinghouse for Drug Abuse Information here at NIDA provided necessary assistance as did other members of the NIDA staff. Robert C. Petersen Assistant Director, Research Division NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE iii Introduction PURPOSE under NIMH-NIDA grants during the period 1967-1974. the first major task Since September, 1973, the Division of was to identify the relevant grants and Research of the National Institute on their principal investigators (PIs). Drug Abuse (NIDA) has been responsible The methodology for collecting the mat- for the coordination of extramural, erials was based on the assumptions grant-supported research into tke that the Principal Investigator would, effects of drug use/abuse and for fund- at minimum, be familiar witk the lit- ing projects to examine possibe pre- erature produced as a result of his/her vention and treatment modalities for grant and in most cases would also have its control. NIDA-supported work has copies of that literature. Lists of its origins in the research program principal investigators were developed supported and coordinated since the by utilizing NIMH and NIDA files of 1960’s by the National Institute of grantees and the Research Grants Index Mental Health. The bulk of the Feder- published by tire Public Health Service. ally funded research has been under- Each identified Principal Investigator taken since 1967 and the results have tken received a personally addressed been documented in numerous journals, letter explaining the project and re- books and other scientific publications. questing lists (and copies) of litera- ture produced as a result of drug use/ A listing of published drug abuse lit- abuse grants for which s/he was desig- erature including synopses of the con- nated as PI. tent was considered necessary in order to provide NIDA with a resource for PIs were also asked to identify in a planning future research directions and preliminary way which of ten program for examining the impact of this liter- areas of drug use/abuse research would ature on the scientific community. best classify their literature. By Thus, the purpose of tkis annotated receiving this additional information bibliography is twofold: 1) to kelp from the PIs themselves, the project NIDA program personnel review the find- staff was provided with a firmer founda- ings of previous drug abuse grants in tion for designing the final product. order to plan future research strate- gies, and 2) to serve as a retro- The first request to PIs yielded an spective indication of the findings approximate 50 percent response rate from supported research that have been within a period of one month. To aug- disseminated to the scientific community ment, these responses the project staff and the general public. sent outfollow-up reminders to non- respondents while concurrently contact- The publication, Findings of Drug Abuse ing information resources such as the Research 1967-1974, is a two-volume National Clearing House for Drug Abuse work that lists the drug abuse research Information, the Student Association literature supported by NIMH and NIDA for the Study of Hallucinogens, Inc. and provides abstracts or summaries of (STASH) and the Addiction Research the articles when these are provided Foundation to obtain lists of articles/ by the author. Each volume may be used books published by those PIs who were independently and each is indexed. not located by the principal contact method, Final response was from approx- PREPARATION OF THE BIBLIOGRAPHY imately 60 percent of all PIs. These’ sources produced the remainder. Having defined the scope of the final To monitor tke communication with PIs product as research literature produced and other information sources and to organize information received, detailed Following the entry‘s bibliographic recordkeeping systems were developed. information the author-prepared ab- File systems recorded the number of stract or summary is included. articles identified and submitted, class- ified or unclassified, and listed the Whenever possible, author-prepared literature identified but not accompan- summaries, abstracts or short conclu- ied by abstracts or articles. Litera- sions are used to describe the articles, ture received was checked for complete books and proceedings. Since author- publication information and filed by prepared abstracts are not always re- its appropriate classification category. quired by the publisher, both annotated and nonannotated citations are found in Using the prepared resource list of rug the bibliography. The intended use of abuse research and medical libraries, the bibliography required that the information services and clearinghouses, findings be consistently validated. the project staff attempted to locate There fore, when no author-prepared the several hundred articles which PIs abstract was available, the project identified but which were not forwarded staff did not attempt to summarize the or classified by the investigators. findings. In the same vein, no attempt Once found, these were screened, class- has been made to change or edit the ified and filed in accordance with abstracts and summaries for consistent project specifications. language; thus, words such as ‘our’ and ‘I’ still remain. Following the’ collection of all identi- fied articles and/or books, the final Missing abstracts are not available for classification system and entry format a number of reasons: the articles are were defined. Each entry was then out of print; literature is now “in formatted (accompanied by its author- press”; papers presented at meetings,