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We Only Have Compelling Knowledge of the Properties of QCD Matter at High T and Very Small Baryon Density

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We Only Have Compelling Knowledge of the Properties of QCD Matter at High T and Very Small Baryon Density We only have compelling knowledge of the properties of QCD matter at high T and very small baryon density,. We have strong evidence for the equation of state for very small T and high T from static properties of neutron stars and their collisions. All the rest is at best educated conjecture and at worst idle speculation. Later in the talk I will engage in some speculation It is not what you don’t know that gets you in trouble, it is what you think you know but you don’t. Mark Twain Work with Sanjay Reddy arxiv:1811.12503 Speculations on the Properties of High Density Matter from LIGO and Neutron Star Observations As a result of LIGO L. McLerran and Sanjay Reddy experiments, and more precise measurement of neutron star masses, the equation of state of nuclear matter at a few time nuclear matter density is tightly Green and constrained purple regions are Typically sound velocity allowed approaches and perhaps exceeds v2 =1/3 <latexit 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s at a few times nuclear matter density Tews, Carlso, Gandolfi and Reddy; Kojo; Anala, Gorda, Kurkela and Vorinen Sound velocity of order one has important consequences For zero temperature Fermi gas: nB 2 = vs µBdnB/dµB where the baryon chemical potential includes the effects of nucleon mass δµB 2 δnB vs µB ⇠ nB So an order one change in the baryon density generates a change in the baryon number chemical potential of order the nucleon mass For nuclear matter densities ⇤2 µ M QCD 100 MeV B − ⇠ 2M ⇠ Large sound velocities will require very large intrinsic energy scales, and a partial occupation of available nucleon phase space Kaiser, It may be true that this is a consequence of complicated nuclear Meissner and interactions, and one can construct model computations that do this, Weise but strong questions about self-consitency Another approach: Almost free quasi-particle degrees of freedom Simplest idea (which does not work): A free gas of nucleons with nucleon mass going to zero 2 3 2 2 kB = µB M nB = 2 kB <latexit 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3⇡ q is the quark Fermi energy which increases as density increases. µ<latexit sha1_base64="kjOaX0xXDCXFeppOUTz417xi8SI=">AAAB8nicbVBNS8NAEN3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0lE0JOUevEiVLAfkIaw2W7apbvZsDsRSujP8OJBEa/+Gm/+G7dtDtr6YODx3gwz86JUcAOu++2U1tY3NrfK25Wd3b39g+rhUceoTFPWpkoo3YuIYYInrA0cBOulmhEZCdaNxrczv/vEtOEqeYRJygJJhgmPOSVgJb8vs7CJb/B96IbVmlt358CrxCtIDRVohdWv/kDRTLIEqCDG+J6bQpATDZwKNq30M8NSQsdkyHxLEyKZCfL5yVN8ZpUBjpW2lQCeq78nciKNmcjIdkoCI7PszcT/PD+D+DrIeZJmwBK6WBRnAoPCs//xgGtGQUwsIVRzeyumI6IJBZtSxYbgLb+8SjoXdc+tew+XtUaziKOMTtApOkceukINdIdaqI0oUugZvaI3B5wX5935WLSWnGLmGP2B8/kDloSQIQ==</latexit> >M µ<latexit sha1_base64="pjbLLK2oK7lM5CHTozO/pUut3ww=">AAAB7HicbVBNSwMxEJ3Ur1q/qh69BIvgqeyKoMdSLx4ruG2hXUo2zbahSXZJskJZ+hu8eFDEqz/Im//GtN2Dtj4YeLw3w8y8KBXcWM/7RqWNza3tnfJuZW//4PCoenzSNkmmKQtoIhLdjYhhgisWWG4F66aaERkJ1okmd3O/88S04Yl6tNOUhZKMFI85JdZJQV9mg+agWvPq3gJ4nfgFqUGB1qD61R8mNJNMWSqIMT3fS22YE205FWxW6WeGpYROyIj1HFVEMhPmi2Nn+MIpQxwn2pWyeKH+nsiJNGYqI9cpiR2bVW8u/uf1MhvfhjlXaWaZostFcSawTfD8czzkmlErpo4Qqrm7FdMx0YRal0/FheCvvrxO2ld136v7D9e1RrOIowxncA6X4MMNNOAeWhAABQ7P8ApvSKEX9I4+lq0lVMycwh+gzx+eHo6L</latexit> B B 0 If the nucleon mass goes to zero, the density therefore 2 3 3 nB > 2 M0 10 fm− <latexit sha1_base64="ilP8SqO9snFrxX7coUeP4zCGywg=">AAACGHicbVDLSgMxFM3UV62vqks3wSK4sc60gq6k1I0boYJ9QKcdMmmmDU0yQ5IRyjD+hRt/xY0LRdx259+YPhbaeiBwOOdcbu7xI0aVtu1vK7Oyura+kd3MbW3v7O7l9w8aKowlJnUcslC2fKQIo4LUNdWMtCJJEPcZafrDm4nffCRS0VA86FFEOhz1BQ0oRtpIXv5ceFV4DZMSdEOTg0nZjWi3lKbwzrO7ZegqyqFjPwW8m5yVU+jlC3bRngIuE2dOCmCOmpcfu70Qx5wIjRlSqu3Yke4kSGqKGUlzbqxIhPAQ9UnbUIE4UZ1kelgKT4zSg0EozRMaTtXfEwniSo24b5Ic6YFa9Cbif1471sFVJ6EiijUReLYoiBnUIZy0BHtUEqzZyBCEJTV/hXiAJMLadJkzJTiLJy+TRqno2EXn/qJQqc7ryIIjcAxOgQMuQQXcghqoAwyewSt4Bx/Wi/VmfVpfs2jGms8cgj+wxj9fAJ16</latexit>
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