District Census Handbook, 8-Agra, Uttar Pradesh
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Census of India, 1951 DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOO'K UTfAR PRADESH 8-A&RA DISTRICT I I I I I : \ ALLAHABAD: SUPlilUNTENDEl'IT. PRINTING AND S1"ATlON'ERY, UTTAR P&ADE!>H, INDIA llHi 5 .....,;",;;;;.--~------------------------------- __ .oiiiiiiiiiiiiIiiiiiiOiiIIiOii______ ........ ~~· ___.. ___. -- --__~I DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK 1951 A GRA DISTRICT FOREWORD Several States, including Uttar Pradesh, have been publishing village statistics by districts at each census. In 1941 they were published in U. P. under the title "District Census Statistics" with a separate volume for each district. In the 1951 census, when the tabulation has been more elaborate than e~er. in view of the require, ments of the country, the district... wise volume has been expanded into a "District Census Handbook", which now contains the District Census Tables (furnishing data with break ... up for census tracts within the district), the District Index of Non' agricultural Occupations. agricultural statistics from 190V02 [0 19$°"'51 and other miscellaneous statistics in addition to the usual village population statistics. The village population statistics also are given in an elaborate form giving the division of the population among eight livelihood classes and other details. 2. It may be added here that a separate set of district ...wise volumes giving only population figures of rural areas by villages and of urban areas by wards and moha11as and entitled "District Population Statistics" has already been published. This separate series was necessitated by the urgent requirements of the U. P. Government for elections to local bodies. 3. The number of Distnct Census Handbooks printed so far is thirty seven. Special arrangements for speeding up the printing have now been made and it is hoped that the remaining Handbooks will be printed before the end of 1955. RA}ESHW ARI PRASAD, I.A.S., RAMPUR: Superintendent, Census Operations, ~ September 30 , 195 S. Uttar Pradesh. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION- Page8 A-The District i-iii B-Analysis of the Statistics iii-x C--Explanatory Note on the Statistics x-xii PART I-DISTRICT CENSUS TABLES A-GENERAL POPULATION TABLES-- A-I Area Houses and Population 3 A-II Variation in Population during Fifty Years 3 A-III Towns and Villages Classified by Population 4-S A-IV Towns Classified by Population with Variations since 1901 6-7 A-V Towns arranged Territorially with Population by Livelihood Classes 8-9 E Area and Population of District and Tehsils by Livelihood Classes 10--13 B -ECONOMIC TABLES-- B-1 Livelihood Classes and Sub-classes 14-19 B-II Secondary Means of Livelihood .. 20--41 B-III Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Sub-divisions .' 42-86 B-IV Unemployment by Livelihood Classes 87-88 Index of Non-agricultural Occupations 89-93 C-HOUSEHOLD AND AGE (SAMPLE) TABLES C-I Household (Size and Composition) 94-95 C-II Livelihood Classes by Age-groups 96--105 CollI Age and Civil Condition 106-111 C-IV Age and Literacy 112-117 C-V Single Year Age Returns 118-129 D-SOCIAL AND CULTURAL TABLf:S- D-l Languages (i) Mother Tongue 130--133 (ii) Bilingualism_. 134-)37 D-H Religion .. 138-139 D-m Scheduled Castes 139-141 D-IV Migrants •• 142-147 D-V (i) Displaced persons by year of arrival in India 148-149 (ii) Displaced persons by Livelihood Classes 150--151 D-Vl Non-Indian Nationals 150--151 D-VlI Livelihood Classes by Educational Standards 152-161 PART Il-VILLAGE, TOWN, PARGANA AND THANA STATISTICS Primary Q:nsus Abstract 164-215 2 Pargana and Thana-wise Population 216-217 PART III-MISCELLANEOUS STATISnCS Vital Statistics 220-223 2 Agricultural Statistics-(i) Rainfall .• - 224-225 (ii) Area as classified with details of area under cultivation .. 226-229 (iii) Cropped Area 230-245 (iv) Irrigated Area 246-249 3 Live-Stock, Agricultural Macbil,lery and Implements 250-253 4 List of Primary Schools •• 254-261 INTRODUCTION A-THE DISTRICT 1. The district of Agra occupies the south-west corner of Uttar Pradesh. Two of its teh sils, Etmadpur and Firozabad lie north of the Yamuna and the remaining five, Agra, Fatehabad, Bah, Kheragarh and Kiraoli, south of it. To the north lie the districts of Mathura and Etah , on the east Mainpuri and Etawah, on the south Gwalior, Dholpur and Bharatpur and on the west Bharat pur and Mathura. In 1951 it had a total area of 1,860 sqaure miles which is less than that of the average district area of the State. Its population was 15.01Iakhs. It has 7 parganas and 26 thanas. 2. The various rivers divide the distriCt into natural divisions. Tehsils Etmadpur and Firoza- Topojraph,. bad lie in the Ganga-Yamuna Doab; Bah in the Yamuna-Chambal Doab; Fatehabad, Agra and north-east Kiracrli in Yamuna-Khari Nadi Doab and northern Kheragarh in the Khari Nadi: Gambhir-Banganga Doab. The latter two form the central tract. To these must be added south ern Kheragarh which is the valley of Kawar Nadi, and south-western Kiraoli, the area in which the Khari Nadi rises. The Ganga-Yamuna Doab is a level expanse of upland. Here and there may be seen narrow ridges of sandy hillocks, but the soil is for the most part a light yellow loam or piliya. Towards the Yamuna there are extensive ravines. Tbe central tract comprises a uniform upland country, only broken by the Khari nadi and an ill-defined drainage channel known as the Dahar or Nahra and generally termed the western depression. The latter lies between the Khari Nadi and Yamuna and is the old course of the Son Nadi. A few ranges oflow rocky hills crop up out of the level alluvium in the west from Kiraoli to Fatehpur Sikri. As in the Ganga Yamuna Doab, the edges of this tract are marked by ravines. Along the banks of Yamuna and Utangan there is the usual strip or Khadir or Kachhar. In the Dahar there is a good deal of kans growing sand and some kankar. In northern Kheragarh the soil is more bitter and there are large areas of sand (kansreta) which grows kans. In the north-west corner of Kheragarh drainage is poor, the soil is infertile and mixed with kankar. The tract comprising of the Bah tehsil is a long and narrow strip in the south-east between the Yamuna and Chambal. Half the areas is occupied by the deep and far-spreading ravines of these two rivers and the uplands which form the watershed are a mere ridge. The chambal lowlands are enriched with silt and are productive. In southern Kheragarh the country is affected by hills and isolated eminences scattered over the whole area, as well as the several water Courses by which the tract is traversed. Most of it consists of a heavy, generally bitter, soil known locally as khorili. South-west Kiraoli is also slightly undulating. Like Southern Kheragarh, the chief feature of landscape in this tract is a succession of parallel ridges of red sandstone hills rising two or three hundred feet above the plain. These hills in Southern Kheragarh and south-west Kiraoli are in many places worked for stone, best being obtained from the quarries of Tantpur in Kheragarh. Both of these tracts are extremly precarious. The bulk of the district does not suffer in any way from defective drainage, and the only portion at all liable to drainage from floods is the upper valley of the Khari Nadi, where the spills of Banganga are apt to cause considerable injury to the kharifcrop. But they enable a large area to be sown in rabi. Jhils are extremely rare and the only true JMlin the district is at Sarendha in Kheragarh. 3. The most prevalent soil of the district is the ordinary dumat or loam. The soil in Solis the Ganga-Yamuna Doab consists of a light loam known as piliya from its colour which is reddish yellow. In the north, however, there is a good deal of high bhur with clay or chiknot in the intervening depressions. In Agra-Fatehabad there is hardly any clay and the soil generally resem- bles that of the Doab. In the Dahar there is sand and kankar. In the south-west of Agra and in the north-east of Kiraoli the soil is in some places whitish in colour and slightly bitter. In northern Kheragarh the soil resembles that in Agra but is lighter in colour and more bitter. There are large areas of sand (kansreta). In th~ north-west corner the soil degenerates due to poor drainage and consists of bitter whitish clay or potni which is often mixed with kankars and is infertile. In tehsil Bah the soil in the north is similar to piliya, but in the east it degenerates into a redder and less fertile soil, lalmeta. South of the loam (piliya) is a belt of clay or chokta or chiknot which is sticky when wet and which splits into large holes when dry. This is overlaid in places with sand or kansreta, presumably wind borne from the Yamuna sand hills. It grows kans and is very infertile. The south-west .Of Bah consists almost entirely of a black, generally sticky, soil known as mar or karmata. This grows wheat, juar and gram. It required strong bullocks and its cultivation depends on timeliness of rains. Southern Kheragarh comprises of a heavy bitter soil known as khorib. Near the hills there is red soil. The higher ground in south-west Kiraoli is composed of kansreta and the depressions of chiknot. The intermediate soil is inferior loam of the khorili type. Black soil is also occasionally found.