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Abstract Art and Controversy: a Case Study of Louis Bunce’S Airport Mural and Other Portland Art Controversies

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Abstract Art and Controversy: a Case Study of Louis Bunce’S Airport Mural and Other Portland Art Controversies Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 12-23-1997 Abstract Art and Controversy: A Case Study of Louis Bunce’s Airport Mural and Other Portland Art Controversies Michael P. Craven Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Digital Par t of the Art and Design Commons, and the Sociology Commons LetCommons us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Network Logo Recommended Citation Craven, Michael P., "Abstract Art and Controversy: A Case Study of Louis Bunce’s Airport Mural and Other Portland Art Controversies" (1997). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 4296. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.6180 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. THESIS APPROVAL The abstract and thesis of Michael P. Craven for the Master of Arts in Sociology were presented October 20, 1997 and accepted by the thesis committee and the department. COMMITTEE APPROVALS: Robert William Shotola, Chair Robert C. Liebman Representative of the Office of Graduate Studies DEPARTMENT APPROVAL: Robert William Shotola, Chair Department of Sociology "' ********************************************************************* ACCEPTED FOR THE PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY BY THE LIBRARY By on Qe.£, 2~/f'fl- ABSTRACT An abstract of the thesis of Michael P. Craven for the Master of Arts in Sociology presented October 20, 1997. Title: Abstract Art and Controversy: A case study of Louis Bunce's airport mural and other Portland art controversies. This thesis examines a series of controversies in Portland, Oregon during the 1950s triggered by the placement of modem art in strategic public locations. This study examines the controversy surrounding the installation of Louis Bunce's mural at the Portland International Airport J and the series of modern art controversies that followed the mural incident. From archival research and participant interviews, a historical overview was created. When Louis Bunce's mural for the Portland Airport was proposed, it created a controversy that mobilized both opponents and proponents of modern art. In the years following the airport controversy the subsequent controversies motivated opponents of modern art to ,,; formally organize. This thesis evaluates the theoretical discussions by Becker, Dubin, ~ -. Biesel, and Bourdieu that pertain to art controversies. Existing explanations ~- ' ,- rely on four factors present in the Portland case: A) The centrality and symbolic importance of the placement of the controversial work(s). ,; /' B) A community that does not share a common agreement over the conventions that define art work, or in :.""'.._ Bourdieuian terms, a difference in cultural capital between the actors involved. C) A resentment arising from the class demarcation inherent in the cultural capital value of the art, expressed as criticism of the elite class or their cultural proxies, the consecrated artists. D) An ability of the critics of art to convert their cultural capital deficit into political capital by utilizing homologies of interest with broader ideological issues. This thesis suggests that three other factors are to be considered when examining art controversies: "' E) An opportunity for public exposure of the processes of cultural production arising out of a failure of elite , coordination of consecration. F) A series of controversies, or a prolonged extension of one controversy, that allow participants time to establish - positions and strategies. G) The positioning of both the cultural producer and the cultural critic to maintain the "anti-economy" of their positions. Of these three additional factors the most important to the ultimate outcome of a controversy is the last; the ability to maintain the anti­ economy positions. ABSTRACTARTANDCONTROVERSY:ACASESTUDYOF LOUIS BUNCE'S AIRPORT MURAL AND OTHER PORTLAND ART CONTROVERSIES by MICHAEL P. CRAVEN A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Ill SOCIOLOGY Portland State University 1997 i Acknowlegements I wish to thank the faculty and staff of Portland State University for their support and encouragement. Under Dr. Nona Glazer's tutelage, the early drafts of my thesis proposal were written. Her criticism and encouragement at the early stages were extremely helpful. Because Dr. Robert Liedman urged me to draw the theory, the theoretical discussion was enlivened with schematics and became easier to write. Harry Widman's involvement with the Portland art community provided insights that were critical to the success of this project. I am deeply grateful to Dr. Robert Shotola who allowed me write about one of his areas of interest. His prior research into this topic provided me with a core of information to begin this study. I am honored that he entrusted me with this material and had confidence that I would create a worthy thesis. As an advisor and mentor he has contributed immensely to my academic success. My two editors deserve special recognition. First, my partner Jay Harris, who has not only been a proofreader, but also has gently nudged me towards completion. And finally I should thank my former roommate, Sarah Gregory. Firstly, she encouraged me to return to graduate school. Secondly, Sarah has edited this work at every stage and has helped me improve my writing skills. Lastly, her confidence in my skills and fortitude has enabled me to complete this endeavor. ii Table of Contents Acknowlegements..................................................................................... i List of Tables ............................................................................................... iii List of Figures ............................................................................................. iv lntroduction................................................................................................ 1 Part One: Historical Overview Art and Patronage in Portland prior to the Airport Controversy .......................................................... 7 1950s: The Populace and Art ....................................................... 21 Louis Bunce's Background .......................................................... 31 The Controversial Mural. ............................................................ 49 Continuing Controversy .............................................................. 67 Bunce's Later Work ...................................................................... 85 Art and Patronage in Portland since the Controversies ....... 94 Part Two: Theoretical Discussion Related Theory ............................................................................... 96 Putting the Portland Controversies in a Bourdieuian Frame Bourdieu's Fields ............................................................... 103 Field of Dominant Power ................................................ 106 Field of Cultural Production ........................................... 111 Bourdieu's Habitus ........................................................... 120 Homologies between Fields ............................................ 128 Trajectories, Agency, and the Nature of Struggles ........................................... 135 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 142 References Published Material ........................................................................ 152 Newspaper Bibliography.............................................................. 156 Unpublished Material .................................................................. 162 Appendix: Notes on Methodology ........................................................ 164 iii List of Tables 1: Hofstader's Stages of Anti-Intellectualism ...................................... 126 i I '1,lj I: iv List of Figures 1: Bimrose, Art, editorial cartoon:And the Fight Goes On, ............ .4 2 & 3: Portland International Airport main terminal showing the Oregon Market Place and the Bunce mural.. ............... 5 4: Photo of Louis Bunce by Robert B. Miller ....................................... 6 5: Bunce, Louis, Beach, Port Orford ...................................................... 34 6: Bunce, Louis, Mural, Grants Pass Federal Building...................... 35 7: Bunce, Louis, Structure No. 10, ......................................................... 36 8: Bunce, Louis, Images ............................................................................ 38 9: Bunce, Louis, Boat Dock ....................................................................... 41 10: Bunce, Louis, Cliffside, ....................................................................... 43 11: Price, Clayton S, Boats, ........................................................................ 45 12: Price, Clayton S, Horses in Landscape, ........................................... .46 13: Life Magazine "Art of the West" showing Bunce with Beach, Rising Mist ............................................................... 48 14: Architect's sketch of the Portland Airport Terminal, circa 1940s .................................................................. 50 I l I I 1J v 15: Architect's sketch for the Portland International Airport, circa 1954 ...........................................................
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