2016 Watershed Water Quality Annual Report
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NYC Department of Environmental Protection 2018 Watershed Water Quality Annual Report July 2019 Vincent Sapienza, P.E., Commissioner Paul V. Rush, P.E., Deputy Commissioner Bureau of Water Supply The cover photo of the Neversink Intake Chamber was taken by Tina L. Johnstone, P.E. Tina began her career at DEP in 1992 as a Civil Engineer Intern in the Environmental Programs group in Ashokan and since then has held several positions of increasing responsibility. In 2016 Tina was appointed Director of Source Water Operations, where she has been responsible for source water reservoir operations, infrastructure maintenance and operations north of New York City, maintaining a robust dam safety program for all New York City owned and operated dams, and the operations of seven wastewater treatment plants in upstate New York. Tina will leave DEP in August 2019 to begin the next phase of her life and we thank her for her 27 years of service at DEP. Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................. i List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. xi List of Acronyms ......................................................................................................................... xiii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... xv Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... xvii 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Water Quality Monitoring of the Watershed ................................................................ 1 1.1.1 Grab Sample Monitoring ......................................................................... 2 1.1.2 Robotic Monitoring (RoboMon) Network .............................................. 3 1.1.3 Early Warning Remote Monitoring (EWRM) ........................................ 5 1.2 Operations in 2018 to Manage Water Quality .............................................................. 6 2. Water Quantity .................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 2018 Watershed Precipitation ....................................................................................... 9 2.3 2018 Watershed Runoff .............................................................................................. 11 2.4 Rainfall Data for the Design of Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans .................... 14 2.5 Reservoir Usable Storage Capacity in 2018 ............................................................... 15 3. Water Quality .................................................................................................................... 17 3.1 Monitoring Overview.................................................................................................. 17 3.2 Reservoir Turbidity Patterns in 2018 .......................................................................... 17 3.3 Coliform-Restricted Basin Assessments in 2018 ........................................................ 20 3.3.1 Terminal Basin Assessments ................................................................. 20 3.3.2 Non-Terminal Basin Assessments ........................................................ 21 3.4 Reservoir Fecal and Total Coliform Patterns in 2018 ................................................ 22 3.5 Phosphorus-Restricted Basin Assessments in 2018 .................................................... 25 3.6 Reservoir Total Phosphorus Patterns in 2018 ............................................................. 28 3.7 Reservoir Comparisons to Benchmarks in 2018 ......................................................... 29 3.8 Reservoir Trophic Status in 2018 ............................................................................... 33 3.9 Water Quality in the Major Inflow Streams in 2018 .................................................. 35 i 3.10 Stream Comparisons to Benchmarks in 2018 ............................................................. 39 3.11 Stream Biomonitoring ................................................................................................. 44 3.12 Supplemental Contaminant Monitoring ...................................................................... 49 3.12.1 Volatile (VOC) and Semivolatile Organic (SVOC) Compounds ......... 49 3.12.2 Metals Monitoring ................................................................................. 50 3.13 Special Studies ............................................................................................................ 54 3.13.1 Foamstream: An Alternative to Common Herbicides ........................... 54 3.13.2 Goats Grazing on the Glenford Dike of Ashokan Reservoir ................ 54 3.13.3 A Short-term Synoptic Field Survey and Limited Lab Analysis for fDOM .................................................................................................... 54 3.13.4 Boyd’s Corners Release – Cloudy Water Investigation ........................ 55 3.13.5 Amawalk Reservoir Investigation – Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) .......................................................................................... 55 3.13.6 Ultrasonic Treatment for Algal Control Pilot Project ........................... 55 3.13.7 Algal Toxins .......................................................................................... 56 3.13.8 Water Quality Improvements in Catskill Mountain Streams for Stream Management Plans ................................................................................ 57 3.13.9 Conversion of Septic to Sewer Evaluation ............................................ 58 3.13.10 Investigation of Giardia in the Rondout Basin ..................................... 58 3.13.11 Taste and Odor Issues in the Croton System, Autumn 2018 ................ 59 4. Kensico Reservoir ............................................................................................................. 61 4.1 Kensico Reservoir Overview ...................................................................................... 61 4.2 Reservoir Raw Water Quality Compliance................................................................. 63 4.3 Kensico Watershed Monitoring and Turbidity Curtain Inspections ........................... 68 4.3.1 Kensico Watershed Monitoring ............................................................ 68 4.3.2 Turbidity Curtain Inspection ................................................................. 71 4.4 Waterfowl Management.............................................................................................. 73 4.5 Kensico Research Projects and Special Investigations ............................................... 75 4.5.1 Bryozoans .............................................................................................. 75 4.5.2 Special Investigations within the Watershed......................................... 77 5. Pathogen Monitoring and Research .................................................................................. 81 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 81 5.2 Source Water Results .................................................................................................. 82 5.2.1 2018 Source Water Compared to Historical Data ................................. 90 5.2.2 2018 Source Water Compared to Regulatory Levels ............................ 95 ii Table of Contents 5.2.3 2018 Source Water Matrix Spike and QC Results ................................ 98 5.3 Upstate Reservoir Outflows ........................................................................................ 99 5.4 Watershed Streams and WWTPs .............................................................................. 104 5.5 CAT/DEL UV Plant and Hillview Reservoir Monitoring ........................................ 114 6. Water Quality Modeling ................................................................................................. 117 6.1 Overview ................................................................................................................... 117 6.2 Development of a Stochastic Weather Model to Predict Precipitation for Ungauged Areas ......................................................................................................................... 117 6.2.1 Spatial Variation in Precipitation and Accuracy of Streamflow Prediction ............................................................................................ 117 6.2.2 A Stochastic Precipitation Model for Ungauged Locations ................ 118 6.2.3 Regionalization Analysis and Model Application .............................. 118 6.3 Progress with RHESSys ............................................................................................ 119 6.3.1 Intercomparison of RHESSys