N

i ngshi re

EV AME B . OH N T R . S S ON B D J J , . .

’ ST. AN DREW S CHURCH, FALKIRK

( Author of The Place N ames of Scotland

SECOND EDITION

WITH A N EW PREFACE

THOROUGHLY REVISED AN D MUCH ENLARGE-D

PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION

THE writer desires to acknowledge the valued help / of several kind friends in preparing the followin g paper and i f f x L st o Names ; in particular, Dr. J. A. H. Murray o O f ford, Mr. W. B . Cook and Mr. David B . Morris o Stirling, ‘ M Lu ki k . . Mr . J. R . c e , of Falkir , and Rev . 0 . J T Me rr l s M A of An y e e , . . , of Glasgow, a native Balfron . y f ‘ r corrections , additional place names o interest , o fresh reliable information“ of any kind will always be most wel come .

J. B . J.

’ Sr . AN DREW A E S M N S , FALKIRK Febr , uary ,

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION

of THE first edition this little book was very limited, and was all sold ou t within six weeks . The writer is grateful for the very kindly and appreciative way in which it was a s received both by the press a whole, and by private readers . a But the first edition had m ny imperfections , a nd the writer is gla d to have the O p portunity of presenting his work in this much enlarged and improved form . The Introduction a r a nd has been c efully revised , but the chief alterations additions will be found in the a ppended List of Names . In its revision the writer h as drawn largely from the Val uation f r Roll , and has enjoyed the skilled assistance o M . John f l Cameron , o Ullapool, a Gaelic scho ar of repute , who has help ed him to adj ust n ot a few grammatical nice f a ties, which vexed the righteous soul o the scholarly G el ; but for all O p inions expressed in this book the writer alone i s responsible . It should a lso be understood that sometimes, a of se t purpose , he has not spelt G elic na mes as they would

- a be spelt t o d y, because it seemed evident that , in some 500 600 cases, things have changed in the or years which ha ve passed since Gaelic ceased to be spoken in the most of Stirlingshire .

Many Gaels, like Fionn in Glasgow, and Mr . T. D . Macdonald of Stirling (with whom on e is sorry so often to disagree) , have treated the writer with all courtesy, even ne when expressing their disapproval . But there i s o group of critics who stand in a different category ; they have contributed much of hi gh va lue to Place - Name study in r Scotland , fo which the present writer, like all true students , is sincerely grateful ; but both their methods and their statements seem to demand some pla in rej oinder here . The critics referred to are the men of the Inverness school,

- whose otherwise high class work is, in every case , marred h ri zi n s w by Pictish t e o g , sentimental obstinacy, and, hat is vi PRE FACE

m r r uch worse , by litera y manners which a e n ot considered d ou of a a mirable anywhere t Inverness , and prob bly not even there . Exa mples of these la st had best be left in obscurity ; but a few examples of their other defects it may be useful to dwell upon . A h a The name llan s been much discussed , and seems still fi an d s u doubtful . It is con dently claimed as Pictish , , in p r i po t o this , it is asserted that the same root occurs in

- a Alness , Ross shire, which leading Inverness scholar i n lan i r a sists is in Gaelic A a s , with a sho t initial and a clear

Pictish ending . The writer doubted this, made most ca re ful inquiry , and found that this asserted Alanai s w as wrong r in every syllable . N o Gael in Easte Ross makes the first a short ; no Gael pronounces the second syllable as a at all ;

n d a - - a nobody s ys ais . The native pronunciation to day is Awln s h either e , with the second syllable absolutely forgotten , or Ahli n s he else e , showing that the earliest spelling of t

- 1226 s w much abused scribes , Alene , as absolutely correct , and tha t this Pictish ending is pure theory . It may be c - a i orrect , but the ending has not been s these 700 years . The manifest shiftiness of the first vowel in this root Allan or Alun j ustifies the writer in making the suggestions as to its origin , which he does in the List . These facts also show how slender are the grounds on which many asser a r e tions about Pictish names still being made . ’ But the head and front of the writer s offending has been that he resolutely refuses to subscribe to the Inverness

a - the theory, that ( ) Inverness Gaelic of to day must be criterion of the Gaelic which entered into the Gaelic names of Stirlingshire 700 or 1700 years ag o ; and ( b) tha t the way

- in which a Celtic name is pronounced by a Ga el to day, even though he is not a native , is the only evidence to which weight can be attached ; while the old scr ibes are to be looked upon as men stupid and careless beyond all de G a a and scription . The ael is held to be rigidly ccur te unvarying in his pronunciations all through the centuries , he is an a uthority to be accepted even for Norse names ; but the phonetic spellings of the English scribes are only a fit to be laughed to scorn . In all these tenacious ssertions a a a there is great ex ggeration . Gaelic , like all other l ngu ges, changes , and this the Inverness school often ignore . One PREFACE vi i derivation of which their leader is Specially proud is that l ki b th hle as of B o e s n, near Foyers , which he derives from o f “ ” a i n h of i n g , house , bot y, withies , though the phonetic

Spelling of the charter of 1226 it is B ule ske (n) . It is true that in the slovenly and mutilated pronunciation of modern — i Gaelic o course , modern English can be slovenly and — b th hle a s ai n B ole ski n mutilated , t oo o f g sounds very like . i s a 4 But the evidence wide and mple (see p. , note) , which a m kes it as nearly as possible certain, that the Old Gaelic ba th or both was not sounded bu or bo in a n y part of Scot land as e a rly as 1226 ; it is doubtful if the f would then have disappeared either. So the present writer still adheres decidedly to on e or other of the origins suggested in his e am e s o S otla nd t n Pla c N f c . One proof that bo h was ot sounded ha in the 13th century comes from the present p r o n nc i a i on our a hk nn u t of Stirlingshire p rish , B ot e ar, where th the is always sounded , even as it w a s spelt in the ea rliest 1291 B o hk n n r known record , t e e , a date when Gaelic must or have been dying dead at that spot .

a - The truth is that G elic name pronunciations , though , as a an d a rule , st ble enough , can be shifty unstable to the last A degree . lness, j ust cited , is a good case in point ; Lomond

(see the List) is a case still more striking . Or take tha t

- a a much debated name C llander . The n me may after all a t r be Pictish ; but this least is certain , the Pe th and Stir ff ling Callanders are two di erent names , which only became assimilated because , for a time , they belonged to the same

- r English speaking proprieto s, the Livingstones , Earls of. r al nt are a Linlithgow . The Sti ling name is originally C e , name reproduced in the Kale n ta re m or e and Kale nt are be g 1504 o a in Perth , mentioned in as belonging t Gr ham , un Ea rl of Montrose . The first part of the name is still i i r old ra certain ; Gaelic , it may eithe represent an plu l of “ ” oi e ai o B ok c ll or c l , a w od , as in Dunkeld, which in the o of De e r (1132) is D ni n c a i lle n ; or it may be the same root ” s a i lle a u a s a c , seeds or husks . In any c se the Invernes school is wrong in a sserting that the name is of the sa me

as - A a Gae li i type the Inverness shire berch lder, in modern bai rc h al dai r a h as r d O a , where , it is said , been lost in acco h ance wit phonetic law . This is pure imagina tion ; the

a na e Stirling name has never lost its , and the Inverness m viii PREFACE

1238 Abbi rc ale doue r was in , showing that it never had one , and that the last part of the na me was without doubt the “ ” dobhar or dur Old Gaelic , water showing , too, how valueless the modern Gaelic pronunciation can be when the of Gael no longer knows the meaning what he pronounces . And h as a of what a hash he m de this Callander, which is the gateway to the Trossachs ! Here are the facts , col le c e d t in print , it is believed , for the first time . The first e i ste r the r e a t e al 1451 known mention is in the R g of G S , , ” Calyn e t Cale ndrat e in c om i ta t u de Me nthe th ; 1457 l n e t Cali ndrade 1509 e l dr h Ca y Calen t Ca e n at , also h 1791 Cale nt re t . In the Gaelic parish minister (Old Stati sti ca l Accou/nt) said the Gaelic in his day was Calla a s straid, which he interpreted the street or road leading up a a from the ferry, oblivious of the fact that a ferry is c l , ’ alla A a e li i ti na r 1 2 and not c . rmstrong s G c D c o y, 8 5, gives

a s aldra i t - da Ar le shi r the name C ; to y, in gy e , it is said, the

- a pronunciation is Cal(l) sr id , while in Calla nder itself it is l ? Cal trai d. What has Inverness to make of all thi s of ffi One other example shiftiness may su ce . An old of Gi l Ar le shi re native Loch p , gy , told the writer, very

l h - a - i b positively, that it was in Gaelic , oc g l , another younger native was equally positive that it was loch gi lab with no article , while an Easter Ross Gael who knew the place well l h b a s a fisherman, called it very distinctly oc ge l . There c an be no doubt the loch is really named from its resem a of i le ab bl nce to the blunt head a chisel , from Gaelic g , i le i b of g , a chisel . The sentimental obstinacy the Inver ness school is well seen further in the importance they persist in attachi ng to nondescript modern Gaelic p ronun i n rui thl a a nd P li c ati o s like S for Stirling (see the List) , a s g for Paisley. The latter has been loudly trumpeted as a great P li s cientific discovery inasmuch as , it is said this as g proves ba si li a h that Paisley is really the Latin c , an early C ristian ” h ba i sle a c on e or C urch , found in Old Irish as ; and two learned Germans , who are always falling in love with bril a su liant and b seless conj ectures , have countersigned the g ? gestion . But what are the fa cts Paisley is in a Brythonic

he i - region , and t men who say Pasl g to day had no proper connection with th e founders of Paisley ; nor is there any ba i sle a c proof that was a word ever used in Scotland. Even PREFACE i x if it was there is no analogy for affirming that the ending

- - le ac could or would turn into ley . Nor is there any trace a How s of a b si li ca where we find the sister name, Pa ley n in Roxburgh . T he whole theory is based o the violent supposition that the oldest known form of the name was s l h Pa se e c , which an ignorant scribe perverted into Passe of old leth , s i c 1157. It is admitted that in the hundreds charters where Paisley is named the form Pa ssele ch never of A occurs , and in the Chartulary Paisley bbey, whose monks surely ought to have known best how the name was Passele th sounded , even the form seems only to occur once, Passe le t 0 . 1220 ; while all through we have , and , already in a 1163 the foundation charter, . , side by side with it we have l Pa sla Pa sse ay . The index also gives the form , which looks of old like the enunciation an Gael . Both phonetics and site “ a i - a - l ath are suited by postulating a Brythonic p s e , brow or ba tha i le athad front of the slope cf. Ga elic s , brow , and , ll hr W. e t , a slope . By all means let modern Gaelic have its f fullest due ; but in view o facts , such as the samples just cited, we ought to have less dogmatic insistence in future . It must be frankly admitted that Gaelic names can and do a n ch nge ; and Stirlingshire is o exception , as a study of Lomond i rli n uhi l names like , St g , Killearn, Camoq l , and others will amply prove . The writer desires to acknowledge numerous valuable f n notes received from Dr. Dugald Mitchell o Came lo , author of The Hi stor y of the Hi ghla nds ; also kind help from the B D a B D Revs . W. M . Steven, . Gl sgow, R . Munro, . . , Old a A Kilp trick , David Smith, St . Ninians , and H. . Kennedy,

D.Sc . . . A , Callander ; W K. Gair, Esq , . Gray Buchanan, Esq. , A E . . . s . W J Watson, and J . Johnston , q Special of h r mention must also be made George S e ri fi , Esq. , of Can on vale, without whose generous sympathy this n e w edition might never have seen the light . The publisher, Mr. Shearer, ha s been most assiduous and painstaking in doing all that i lay with n his power ; and the printer, Mr. W. B . Cook , has done far more than a printer ’ s usual share to increase both the beauty and the accuracy of the book .

J. B . J. u 1 90 J ly , 4.

“ ‘ 61113 33130: fl ames of $firli uge hi rz

IN T RO D U CT IO N

a THIS is a field l rgely unworked . There are general treatises for all Scotland ; there is a carefully - prepared “ B D on f pa per by Rev . W . M . Steven , . . , The Names o the Parish of Kilsyth and there ha ve been a n umber of interesting and scholarly articles in the Stirling of c newspapers , a sadly fugitive method publi ation . Other as wise , we seem yet to have almost nothing . But the so field, though largely unworked , is fairly manageable . There are pr obably n ot many more than 600 names i n Stirlingshire which have any Special distinction or interest ne about them . And yet the field is bigger than o might i of a r th nk . Most us , I at le st speak fo myself, will have had but hazy notions of the exact limits of our Shire . I a of our t wonder, for inst nce , how many average Eas Stirlingshire people remember that our Shi re includes

Stronachla char on Loch Katrine , and severa l islands on a Loch Lomond. Our first necessity, therefore , is proper a map ; and tha t is r ther hard to get . There does not seem to be any good modern map of Stirlingshire ; the Ordnance Survey Sheets are cumbersome and expensive ; the map with most detail in one sheet i s that issued by Thomson of Edin

O r iginally gi ven as a paper before the Stirli ng N atural History! and l l ber Archwo ogi cal So ciety , 2 st Oc to , 1 902. 2 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

l - 18 17 1 2 burgh , the wal map in , smaller Size in 8 0 ; the best ’ available ordina ry map is Johnston s 3 miles to an inch map of la 6 Scot nd , sheet ; but that omits many minor names , nor does it include the extreme West . I adh ere strictly in ’ this paper to the boundaries laid down in Johnston s m ap . That means tha t the region around Alva is now in Perth own shire , whilst the limits of our shire now extend a good o f A a wa y north f Bridge o ll n . w a Even hen we have got the best vailable map, and a studied it with care , we are immedi tely confronted with two somewha t serious disadv antages Th e Di fficu lty of r ur i n Old o r m s o r S e lli n s o the a m e s p oc g F p g f N . Everyone who takes an interest in this subj ect knows full well that , in many cases , it is impossible to feel certain about the f a nl c an a meaning o a n me , u ess we dduce its old form . our i of Here even oldest maps , l ke those Timothy Pont , a re ’ for 1610 often of no help , , which is approximately Pont s ’1 a a a t o a n date , is too l te , in m ny c ses , be of y service . Long before then the chief names had not only been born , but

r . a o ften g eatly corrupted too We h ve , therefore , to fall A a our r back upon the bbey Ch rters , g eat source of informa l a a n d tion for o d Scottish n mes, now all printed for us a s a i (though , a rule, miser bly edited) through the munif cence a a a o f the Bann tyne , M itland , Grampi n , and other Clubs . h r uske nn h One naturally turns first to the C a ters of Camb e t , ar e of which, by the way, better edited than those almost a a any other Abbey , thanks to the l bours of the l te Dr .

Fraser . But the result , for us , is decidedly disappointing . I have only been able to identify about 30 na mes in the Cambuske n ne th Cartulary a s existing in our Shire at th e all of i r n present day, them in East St rlingshi e rou d by a Stirling , Dunipace , and F lkirk . For the extreme west end we have the Car tulary of L e ve na x or Lennox ; but Lennox a is chiefly in Dumbartonshire , and I have been ble to detect but a handful o f our modern Stirli ngshire na mes in the r of A Cartulary. The g eat Charter Book Holyrood bbey gives us a few na mes in the Polmont a nd Carse districts ; and on e or two m ay be gleaned from the Char ters of n odd r ar e Paisley. A th ee or four to be found in the l a 1260 Exchequer Rol s , now all printed from bout

1 Hi s a s r r n e a A s r a n 1 54 m p we e p i t d t m te d m i 6 . INTRODUCTION 3 onwards ; but the Stirling Rolls are particularly meagre in a names . On the whole , the result is little disappointing, an d only too often we are left to the poor crutch of c onj ecture . (2) Th e Di fficulty of p r ocur i n g the Tr ue or Or i gi nal i a n A S s e e a of Pr onun c ti o . we Shall , very large proportion o ur names are pure Gaelic ; and Gaelic names are very li able to be corrupted, being either mispronounced by or b nl unskilled lips , misspelt y u earned pens , sometimes r both . Therefore it is always desi able, and sometimes ’ a essential , to le rn the proper pronunciation from a native s lips , if certainty is to be won . Not that absolute certainty a would a lways be ensured , even with th t . Gaelic Speakers can be j ust as careless and slovenly a s Speakers English an d t a of r Scotch , and are qui e c pable co rupting or ignorantly own h perverting their tongue . T is all the more , because the ear, not always an infallible instrument , is , as a rule , their only guide . A Gael who has learnt to Spell and write his mother tongue has always been a ra rity ; but a Ga elic a a or s peaking n tive , liter te illiterate , is sadly to seek in a of A m these d ys in any part the Shire . few a y still linger by 1 the banks of Loch Lomond or Loch Katrine ; though already befor e the close of the 18th century they were vanishi ng a re fast even there . Moreover , these not , as a rule, the districts where the interpretation of the n ames presents special difficulty . It is in the Eastern and Southern portions a o f the Shire , where Gaelic has been defunct for gener tions , that a sure knowledge of the original pronunciation would be most valuable . a a There is gener lly recognised rule , a rule most useful d one to check a n guide in any conj ectures , viz . , tha t the Gaelic stress or accent always falls upon the attributive or adj ectiv al part of a name and thus one ought always to be able to tell which is the substantive in a name , and or e which the appended description designation , . g. , in a on a o Dull tur , the accent is the first syll ble , enabling ne readi ly to surmise that the first syllable must be the Gaelic

1 o r s of the s rar - n ra I am ab t o s a h at th By c u te y Regi t Ge e l , en led t te t at , e s o f 1901 h r w r 2022 rsons i n S r n sh r s ak n bo h a cen su , t e e e e pe ti li g i e pe i g t G elic

d n sh and 10 who a a S ok a on . In the ar s h of B u hanan an E gli , ctu lly p e G elic ly p i c , h s o ur o n r h an ar sh h r w re bu t 74 Ga r f per ap ly t ue Hig l d p i , t e e e elic speake s , o n Whom n on e spoke G aelic o ly . 4 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

” dub a dub e i h, bl ck , and the whole name, h l ti r , dark B lochai rn a slope . But in the accent is, with equ l decision , s on the second syllable , o that we feel sure it must mean ” of a the cairn, whatever Blo may st nd for, and that may

s o b t - a — c ha i r n not be quite certain ; probably G. lo , cave , ” i den by the cairn . But, though authorities l ke Prof . ‘ n M Ki nno are very strong on the sure place of the accent , h a e we must admit that the rule s exceptions ; . g. , not only dn r a do all English people speak of Malcolm C m o e (ce nn mbr , big but even na tives speak of the bonny li ttle ’ of K n village at the east end Loch Tay as e more , though by Ke nm ér e nd i n rule it Should be . A everyone says K loch ’ o h n ot Ra nnoch , not Kinl c Rannoch , though perhaps that is F r a very good exception . o the sake of those wh o may m a sa follow me in these studies , it y be well to y that , owing

r - h e to the long influence of English o non Keltic tongues, t a accent does seem to have ch nged in a good many cases, in o s the more English districts f Stirlingshire . As specimen r on um ri ls take Cann e t , Kennedy, Mugdock , M , Polmont , all f be names o which it would be hard to make any sense, if it a not admitted th t the accent has changed . Th e student m a y work out the question at hi s leisure with the aid of the i list at the end of th s paper. Another point to be borne in mind is that the pronuncia h th tion of Gaelic has certainly c anged sometimes, Since e ur a days when o place n mes were in the making . N ot seldom the old pronunciation a nd the official or scholastic

a - da Spe lling were much ne rer than they are to y . Aspiration n ot then had produced such perplexing results , and the Gael was not s o slurred or elliptical in his pronunciation a s h e

- too often is now . Letters always mute to day were often “ ” e b th sounded in the olden time, . g. , o , a house , sounds bo

- to da y ; but in former days it was pronounced in full , both ‘ B hk r or buth or bot , as it still is in ot e nna . The Gaelic a bha i n ow a gabh l (better go ) , a fork , is usu lly sounded like g a- ull or g o- ull ; but in the name Gavell we s e e the bh still

- . our sounded as it originally was Thus , Keltic Speaking friends, though often very lordly and dogmatic , cannot on always be accepted as final authorities such points .

’ 1 s wr e r s Place ames o Scot and s .v Bo Botri h See al o the it N f l nhill , p

d n an d Pi t ave n . Two ear s e s of Bo h not ve re nie, Bow e , g y ly p lling n ill , gi n the , n d 2 3 Bohtlul ar e 1 225 Buchl ul, a 1 7 .

6 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE makes no pretence of being exhaustive ; but I have omitted very few known names , unless they were either common place and Obvious English names , or else Simple Gaelic ones, readily expla inable by aid Of other Similar names which a re given . However, I fear there must be a number of inter of esting and picturesque Gaelic appellatives , n ames hills i and l ttle burns and the like , which have escaped me , through lack of mention in any printed record ; and no doubt there are a good many other omissions which zealous c O- Operators l wi l gradually supply . What is important , however , is this , that in all these over 500 names there seem to be only a little over a dozen which are completely doubtful in their meaning . As to all the others on e can at least suggest a or possible plausible origin, though very Often the choice must be left Open between two or even more alterna tives . In many cases new definite information can alone enable us t o decide . Meantime it may be worth while mentioning hi a some Of the nuts w ch have , hitherto, proved too h rd for our a teeth to cr ck , names that are still quite uncertain Aw e lls B i rbi st on Fre i h kne , , Bonny Water , n c , HOO y, Indians, r i hi kl l Wa ltr burn Shippy Trouty , Ste r qua , T c e t , Thi s e t , y , W n df rd ll Weedings Hall , y o . A that can be suggested about such names is given in the appended List . Further light will be most welcome . Readers Of the first edition will probably Observe that a good many of the puzzles there have now met with a fairly satisfactory solution — names li ke Bal rochan Fau hli n g , g Burn , and Mye . r e on Ga elic names are found all over the Shire , and p p derate in th e whole Of the great section which lies west of Bannockburn and Denn yloanh e ad ; and they are to be found 5 so almost unmixed in that stretch of country, 1 miles or in on length , which lies betwixt Buchanan Church the south h and Inversnaid and Stronac lachar on the north . English names prevail from Stirling town southwa rds beyond Sla man a a n nan , and around Grangemouth there are h rdly y others . on When e glances around my own particular district , the n Falkirk region , the fa ct strikes o e that the great estates n n — A B an kin early all have Keltic ames irth , tas , Callendar,

Dunipace , Dunmore , Kinnaird ; whereas the separate farms , Au ch n rm ui rs with rare exceptions (like e tyre and Ca ) , have r — eld Pa rkh e ad names purely Saxon o Broad Scots Mi ddle fi , , nd lan Sta a e , Woodburn , and the like. Very likely there is INTRODUCTION 7 no farm name in Stirlingshire Older than the 13th century ; Corn ton (Bridge of Allan) is the only farm na me we know a s for certain to be ancient , though it is well known that farms were abundant in Ea st Stirlingshire before the 14th century was very Old . See the Scots Exchequer Rolls for 1338 . It is scarcely needful to a dd that of course a na me m a y be a great deal Older than the farm which now bears it .

r GA LI B FOR RETREAT o E C E E ENGLISH .

We hardly know the ex a ct da te of the birth Of any Keltic place name ; but examination Of the available evidence a ll u tends to the conclusion , that all , or very nearly , o r Stirlingshire Gaelic names must have existed before the year 1200 : whilst our English names only j ust begin to a a come in bout that d te . Well known is the fact that , except in the Lothia n section of Old Northumbria (the tra ct from Berwick to Edinburgh) no English or Anglo - Saxon w a s spoken in Scotland at all until the da ys Of Ki ng Ma lcolm 1 069 of Canmore , who, in , married Margaret , sister the

a nd 1 093 . exiled Saxon Prince , Edgar Atheling , who died in Through the Norman Conquest and the influx Of Sa xon nobles , English must n ow have spread , Slowly yet steadily, an d ld west north of Edinburgh . But the O Gaelic Speech retreated before it very slowly ; probably it was still c om mon all over our shire in the century before Bannockbur n ; e and in the extreme west , around Ben Lomond , it is not quit dead even yet .

I GAEL O NAMES.

r all It is hi ghly probable that all , o nearly , our Gaelic 2 Of names existed before the year 1 00, but course we are As of very far from being able to prove it . matter fact only a bout 20 na mes in all a re found on record so early ; and even Of those 20 several come to us thr ough Irish or

Welsh anna ls Of somewhat doubtful date . We may always expect the na mes of strea ms to be ancient , indeed abori g i nal ; it is but seldom tha t they ever change . Thus we A a A a nd a r e not surprised to find river na mes like ll n , von , a Ca rron recor ded at a very early date . I h ve , however , c ome upon no early mention of the Bonny Water ; we may 8 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

be almost certain that the name is ancient and pre - English ; i s but wha t it means far from clear. A few burns bea r ’ n ames which must be late , like Earl s Burn and Grange u i B rn ; but th s is quite exceptional. One marked e xc e p of a tion a changed river n me there may be , and that the i chief river of the county, the Forth . Th s name seems first to have been given to the frith , and then to the river flow ing in to the frith. It first finds mention in the pages of the “ 1 Of A 8 0 A D B d f Life gricola, by Tacitus , . . , as o otri a , o ’ B od ri a which Ptolemy s e , forty years later, is evidently a variant . By and by this na me seems to have fallen into of disuse, and the frith received quite a variety temporary a a a &c n mes like E stern Gulf, Frisian S e , Scots Water, . a l 0 h (see List) . But lready by the middle Of the t century, ” of a the days the Pictish Chronicle , our present n me comes in ; for there we read Of fortifications ma de on the banks ” Of the fords of the Forthin . Soon thereafter we find the name in a somewhat more easily interpreted guise as Foi r c u or E roch , which , there can be little doubt , represent the oi r r a i h a a or Gaelic words f and f g , both me ning rim ” ” r of . edge , hence , the border o boundary a country The reference plainly is, to the fact , that in those days the Firth of Forth was the boundar y line between Saxon Lothian a n d

Keltic Fife . It seems highly proba ble that the softer and less Keltic - looking form For th must be due to the influences

- or th r r d our r th or r i th . Of the Old Norse fi , now fjo , fi f a a a s Hills usu lly bear ancient n mes , well as rivers ; but th e only early hill name on recor d among us is that of the

Ochil range . Apart from the rivers the most interestin g a m A a Of the e rliest na es are irth , C llendar near Falkirk , Cam u ke n n th a a b s e , Larbert , Slam nn n , Stirling, and even a 1 4 Stirlingshire , found already in a pap l bull Of 1 6 ; also ” a i a Ea le sbre c F lkirk , though only in its orig n l Gaelic form g .

ENGLISH NAMES.

Wh en we come to speak of ou r English names we feel on a ou r much surer ground ; we have solid , historic fact bene th feet ; and we can actually go back with many Of these

1 P rha s Old a od oth i ti r o s on ro o or or e p G elic bod ( m . G . b ) o , h u e the p m nt y ” n r o k jutti g c . INTRODUCTION 9

r fe w English names to their very cradle , o within a years thereafter . Gaelic was loth to disappear from Stirlingshire , a nd our first English name does not greet us till we come on f r l o a fu l century after Malcolm Canmore, and reach the very threshold Of the 13th century . One curious little bit f O evidence about the previous century we are able to cite . a f 1 140 l r In a ch rter o c . we find the name of Ke to , near

Larbert , which Shows that , at that da te, there had as yet been no attempt to half Anglicise the name into its well ur known modern form , Torwood . O very earliest English a 2 a n me comes from the same quarter, for c . 1 00 we find St n ” h ous n ow , called Stenhouse, which would appear to indi c ate tha t stone ho uses were a significa nt rarity in our Shire i n - that semi barbarous age . Th e Alloa Sa uchie is found in ” 1 208 l c h oc i as Sa e , wh ch is early English for willow haugh ; o ur n t Stirling Sauchie does o appear to be s o ancient ; and , sa ha s trange to y, I ve not been able to tra ce a Single other English name within o ur bounds until the 13th century is a lmost at a close, except that the village now called St . Ninians is mentioned by its Old name of the Ki rke t oun in

1207 . Corn ton a 1288 , already referred to , appe rs in , but the well - known Ea glai s B hr e ac does not seem to don its Englis h Fa wki rk 1298 g arb and become until about ; and the only, other English na me which seems to have any claim to be as ’ e of n ur r arly is the Bridge Drip , o o Shire s northe n edge , “ ” sa i dri e s which j ust before 1300 is cited as Pa s g um de p p .

Even the half - English or hybrid name Bannockburn does not emerge until we come to the pages Of the English Of 1314 chronicles the very year Of the battle , . The great bulk Of our English names are the titles of f or or a u arms hamlets, Of which we find little no tr ce , ntil “ ” a t a w e arrive the da ys of the Register of the Gre t Seal, a record which begins to be available for us about the yea r 1306 ; but the fine modern edition Of the more important part thereof only begins a t 1424. It is curious how difficult it is to a cquire any information about a good many Of our villages whose origin cannot be very remote ; yet locall y ll r a t adition seems lost or else is very doubtful . If even the “ ” parish ministers who wrote the Old Sta tistical Account

1791 - 97 r ( ) had been a little mo e minute , how welcome their

- on inform ation might have been to day ; though true , very of rare occasions , they do enable us to give the very year 10 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

i : e a b rth . g., Grangemouth , at the mouth Of the Gr nge Burn , which came into being when the Forth and Clyde Canal 1777 An Li vi land was Opened in . interesting name is s (St . a Ninians) , cert inly meaning , as its position Shows , level ” v r lands . L e e l is a wo d which comes to us from the Old li ve l of a n French word , the s me m eaning . Dr. Murray, i ” n e i of his Dictionary, only cites o nstance the word being a n i 1362 spelt with in English , and that in , while the word does not occur in English at all until 1340 ; s o that we can be almost certain that Li vi lan ds must have got its name 4 about the middle Of the 1 th century .

PICTISH NAMES.

It has been a surprise to find how scanty is any trac e f r in our nomenclature o Pictish , Brythonic o Norse settle ment within our borders . One might have expected ma tters

- - be w ri t e n otherwise . The much debated , much t Picts were a a divided into two kingdoms , a southern in G llow y, and a northern , which lay chiefly in the North , but whose south e i mm i ern boundary is said to ha ve been the Forth . Y t , e d ately south of tha t river , we can find, among all our names, f A but few sure traces O their influence . fter all the research h as a which been m de , we , as yet , know very little about the a Picts, who they were , or wh t precisely was the speech a a a they spake . Their almost obliter ted di lect had cert inly a fli ni ti e s — S O some Brythonic , especially Cornish , but it is argued— i i it differed widely from Gaelic surely it would have left more of distinct trace behind , especially in th e place names of Pictland . Though it must be admitted tha t f Columba , a speaker o Erse , which is almost identical with a Scots G elic , required an interpreter when he went to evangelize a mong the Picts ; and high a uthorities hold tha t f the dif erence between the two was wide and deep. The evidence seems to tend this way ; but the names in Stirling Ou f shire which we can place our finger and say , this o a

f - surety is Pictish, are very e w . The sure sign manual of the v anished race is to be found in such prefixes as a u chte r e tte r i t or e n f , p p t t. There does not seem to be o e good surviving instance Of any of these prefixes in our shir e ; though in 1215 we do find an Vtr e d B an oc (1412 Vthi r w ’ bannock) , hich seems to be an English scribe s lame a t INTRODUCTION 1!

n h t empt at Au cht e rba oc , the igh field above Bannockburn , j ust as some Sassenach in 1293 mangled Auchtermuchty Ut e rm ok d into e r y . Old records also furnish us with two examples of p i t or e tt f h p , or in 1288 we find Pe t e ndre i c , now clipped down Pe ndr e i ch 1451 into (Bridge Of Allan) , whilst in we have a Pe tti ntoskale in the barony of Cale nt a re (Falkirk) . l i fli This ast is a d c ult na me to interpret , though its first i t e tt portion is plain enough , p or p being the common Pict “ ” ish word for an enclosed or till ed piece of ground , a croft . “ ” It is suggested that Pe tti ntoskal must be the modern n ki i n B a t as n, which is confirmed by the name occurring 1497 Pe tti n toskane as , and by the proved example Of Peten P ndri h 16 B n a ski n dreich , now e c : in 17, a t is called Pantas kon 1 45 n , and in 7 Pe taski n . The present form in Ban is probably a modern corruption ; if it be a really ancient though unrecorded form , then ban on the analogy Of Ban “ ” . A B ad nde th a c on death (S lloa) for y , will probably be “ ” o f bada n f . traction G . , a little thicket or clump o trees A few other Of our shire names have been claimed with

f e . a rt on some probability as survivals o the Pictish days , g. , C , chi l Ai rthri e Ibert , Larbert , Lomond , O s , Plean , possibly , n Du ipace , and Loch Katrine too . But positive evidence i s everywhere sadly lacking . Certainly there seem no

- Stirlingshire names with the ending e s , so common in the

A - a i s North , like lves and Geddes , representing a Pictish . one of not one Pictish is undoubtedly the p group, and la or a e Of the q group, Of Keltic langu ges . Thus , . g. , the

. e a n n or e n n or G c , a head headland, has p f its equivalent in Welsh , and perhaps in Pictish t oo ; though it seems a n probable that p may be the t rue Pictish form . This granted we have a solution of a puzzle which has long a a a of a n puzzled m ny scholars , the true expl n tion p in such l well - known Forfarshire names as Panbride and Pa nm or e ; certainly Forfarshire is a Pictish region . It was long taught t hat the equivalent of the Welsh or Brythonic p e nn w a s our be common Gaelic n ; but this is n ot so. We have a n G ododi n crucial proof in the Scotch name , found i and Pe n i r n other Welsh bards , as t , which , o Scottish lips , be n ot B e nti r or comes, , but the familiar Kintyre Cantire ,

1 “ ” “ c. 1200 Pann ebri d and 12 , , 86, Fe nnemore . 12 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

” ’ o head r end Of the land , the Scots Land s End . a ant aski n Thus, wh tever be the origin Of B , it is bad philo f P logy to imagine it simply the proper Gaelic form o e ntaski n . True names in p e n are excessively rare north Of the Forth ; P dr i c h e n e , which is only j ust north Of that line, is , as we a lr eady know, not a true p e n at all ; and there are only two a others , Pennan, ne r Fraserburgh , and Penick , near Nairn , All whose early history seems unknown . the other names in p e n must - i i they ever existed— have been changed very ke n r early into o ki n .

One Of the commonest of our place - name prefixes is ” i n ne r of , at the mouth or confluence a river there ar e “ ” Scottish invers by the score ; it is therefore not a little remarkable tha t there are only three i n ve r s in Stirlingshire

- Inve rallan Inve r le . , gy and Inversnaid We are bound to add that there is not a single a be r either ; and a be r is a. n ve r prefix almost equally as common as i , and with the “ ” e rs r sa me meaning . But there are ab very nea r ou A borders , e . g . , berfoyle , only two miles too far north, and a ff Endri c k the little isl nd Of Aber, O the mouth Of the R . , w hich is nearer still .

BRYTHONIC NAMES.

The Picts never ca me far enough south to affect our place far names much , the Brythons never came enough north . AS r a or eve ybody knows , Brython Welsh kingdom , commonly a l called Str thclyde , once stretched from Solway to C yde , r on with its capital a t the Rock Of Dumbarton . It d agged a feeble existence till about the middle of the l oth century : “ ” la but the speech Of these We a s, these strangers, as we a a a would now c ll them , must have pproxim ted to our Gaelic ,

f 950. At and moved a r a wa y from Welsh , long before any rate we need the Welsh dictionary hardly at all for Stirli ng m a shire . The name Oi the Ochil Hills y be Brythonic in “ ” — u c he l or origin Welsh , high ; as likely it is Gaelic Pict ish ; and though the root is now lost in Scottish Gaelic , it

a a hi l A . is still trace ble in the Old Irish c , seen in chill Island U a I am told , however, tha t Achiltibuie , near ll pool , does not ’ adh a hi lle bhu i dhe contain this root , but is really a ch g , “ ll - a field of the ye ow h ired lad .

14 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

hill and tha t curious name , which on e would not easily a Ja w a w c rai guess to be Norse , E ster and J g , near Slaman ’ a a I nan . But E ster Jaw appears in J mes I . s charter to 1458 a s al a s a a s 1745 Lord Livingstone in Estir j ; and , l te , on allcra i a we find an Old map J g , cle rly proving the root “ ” a a l a to be the Icel ndic g l , b rren , a word which reappears

a of - ff for us in the n me the far o Isle Of Yell . A good many our r a words in ve nacul r come to us from the Norse, and o m i r e ccasionally find their way into place names , like , in ” ” or a the sense Of swamp fen, s in Boon the Myre and rr mi re Cu y , farms near Kilsyth . But such names can hardly be quoted as instances Of Norse influence in Stirlingshire ; n or f e ll Old even such a su fix as f in Campsie Fells (from N . all fi ) .

ROMAN NAMES.

If the mark Of Brython and Nor sema n among us was but a u r s mall , the mark m de by the Roman on o r nomenclatu e “ ” a for wa s smaller still. S ve the sprinkling Of chesters

- r c a r n ear its south ea st bo der, Scotland n now furnish p ac ti a nd cally no names at all due to the Romans , there are no “ ” ” a a a chesters or c sters in Stirlingshire . We do h ve ” “ a a a Torrance of C mpsie , where Torr nce , like W ter Of A a Torra nce in berdeenshire , is Often s id to be the Latin “ ” r e n u r a t o r s , a r shing st e m ; but the history of these n ames seems to be unknown . It is much more likely tha t “ a of t o r r a n a the name is Simply corruption the Gaelic , ” a a 3 of little mound , knoll , with the English plur l . One a a r our n mes, however, is Often cl imed as derived st aight a a s t e l a a r a from Latin , C stlecary, which is said to be c l c , “ ” r the dear fort . It is much mo e likely to be a tautology, a a combination Of English and Keltic , both h lves meaning “ castle or fort .

HYBRIDS AND TAUTOLOGIES.

This naturally leads on e on to sa y a word or two about h ybr id names an d tautologies . Some good philologists are an very loth to admit y true hybrid names , if by any possi c an c an h bi li ty they be denied . There be no doubt t at hyb rids Should always be postulated very cautiously and INTRODUCTION 15

s paringly, for what seem to be hybrids are often mere a hi ignorant corruptions , like C mbuslang , w ch is really the “ ” 1 a u s - na - on of G aelic c m n l g, the river bend the barges , while Banton in our own county is really ba n dun or “ ” a h Whitehill . But we have sever l quite indisputable y bri ds too, not only loosely attached ones like Bannockburn

( of course this name has nothing to do with scones l) , but B al uhat ston Ba rli n fa ul a lso regular hybrids like q , d, Carron Mun ale nd urr mi r aw c rai . s hore , C y e , J g , and g The student r will soon come ac oss many tautologies too , and he Should e ver be on the outlook for them , even in unsuspected quar one or ters . In many a region race has succeeded over or c ome another, and the nomenclature has been altered u revised or supplemented, Ofttimes quite needlessly, and o t

Of pure ignora nce . Bannockburn is a case in point for the “ a o a name really is b n c , white , glistening stre m , and to bu r n a su e rflui t add w s a pure p y , though the incoming a h e ad a S assenach knew it not . Sn b , ne r by , is another “ ” sna b he a d instance , for , lit . a beak , and mean very much t h e same thing ; so do p i r le y and hi ll in Pi rle yhi ll (Pol s o hi l hi lls mont) ; and do Oc and in Ochil Hills . The i n comer also a lways tends to change a na me whose sound r a a o me ning is unf miliar into something he knows well .

Muc kraw m u c - r a th a Hence the Old (G . ) ne r Lennoxtown , ” a a ha which means cle red spot for pigs , s now become k c rof Muc t , which no doubt the unlearned Sassena ch thought was better sense . For Simila r reason the Old Tomfour Th omfour Tam f ur a became and o , in which last sh pe it now s tands .

ASP IT FFECT GAELI IRATION, S E S IN O.

Two other phenomena will Often puzzle the tyro in place n a nd — ames , sometimes fairly bewilder the expert too the “ f a a a n d ef ects of aspir tion in G elic , the consta nt tendency a a n a a Of the liquid conson nts , in y l ng u ge , to soften or dis

. a i n a a b appear In G elic , cert in positions , the conson nts , , c d m r t wa ra l re re , , f, g, , , , al ys aspi te , which in spe ling is p s ented by adding an h ; this tends to give printed Ga elic m Of a nd baflfli n uch its uncouth g look . In pronunciation

1 M r. J M a n . . k a onn s ra r W. lan or ann a M c i l y c ect the the l G . l , church . 16 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

b a n m v the aspiration Of a or makes it sound j ust like a , i n the case of m h a very nasal but frequently the aspira “ ” or tion eclipses silences the letter altogether, and it lea ves no trace behind, either in the pronunciation or in that phonetic spelling, which is far the commonest in Old charters . It is these vanished letters which Often make it s o hard for us to track out the root of a very Gaelic - looking a i d of of r name , even with the the best dictiona ies . The so possibilities are varied that the hunt is Often long, and not seldom vain and fruitless in the end . Only practice and much painfully acquired exper ience will a vail us poor English m a n folk here . Without such no could ever hope success fully to conj ecture the r oot of names like Dalhi lloch or n or Ebroch or Dumgoy Mugdock .

THE LIQUID CONSONANTS .

T he liquids too are very troublesome, they are S O very h l m n r on liquid . T ese letters , , , , e never knows when or i a how they will sl p away . In bout half the names where it “ ” n a n or na i occurs the of the article , of the , has d sa p r An d a l p e a e d. , in p rticular, very Often softens down into l a l F as in Pow for p ol , and Jaw for g l ; but not awki rk for th e l i s a Falkirk . That is the other way round ; here late

- be a importation due to some would schol r, who would fa in ” have associated the Old Speckled C hurch with the va llum a so A a f or Roman w ll , which ran near. fine inst nce O the disappearance of liquids is to be seen in Maddi st on (Pol on e a mont) , a name whose origin never could h ve guessed . Ga m ada dh It looks like a hybrid from the elic , a wild dog or ’ a wolf ; but its true me ning is solved by King James I. S of 424 Ma n di rst oun Mande r cha rter 1 , where it is spelt . , a/nde r s or a unde r M , M is a personal name still not unknown n amo g us.

ECCLESIASTICAL NAMES .

Th e Church has always had a considerable sa y in the of nami ng Of places in Scotland ; though , course , in an i n h a direct rat er than direct fashion . Na mes embodying the Scots or Northern English word ki r k a r e to be found with frequency all over our land ; and its Keltic equivalent Kil INTRODUCTION 17

(or ci ll) is more frequent still ; whilst other names with a churchly flavour about them are far from uncommon . This n being so, o e is rather surprised to find how comparatively hi ur n and few are the ecclesiastical names wit n o ow shire , even more surprised to find h ow few are indisputably e so. Manuel , . g. , is generally held to be a contraction wa for Immanuel ; there certainly s once a priory here, but whether it was called after Our Lord is by no means certain . (See List .) Most remarkable i s the fact that one hi there seems to be not solitary Kil within the S re, “ ” indubitably meaning church . This is a lack comparable “ “ ” f ab rs Only to the absence o e and invers . One possible e xception may be found in Killearn , but Killearn is one of hi the names w ch have changed. Originally, and until the “ ” Ki ne rn i e was a . 15th century, it , . , head Of the district . ” i s Ki nk ell , in Garioch , Often said to mean head church , or

e a nn - c e a ll church with chapels under it (Gaelic c ) , for it had

- h seven i n pre Reformation days . But t e accentuation Kin i n kéll shows that our St rli g name , like perhaps all the other “ i nn - a - i lle f Ki nkells in Scotland, must be c co , at the head o ” the wood . Drumakill, in Drymen parish , is said by Mr . J. M . Mackinlay to be the ridge Of the churc but there seems ” no proof that there ever was a church there . As for kirks , ’ there seem only Falkirk and Kirk O Muir near Fintry. Near i ann by the latter is a hill named Cra g e t , which can hardly E an t r be derived from O . . g o , the gannet o sola n goose . It “ r looks as if it might be Rock of the parent church , o o u Anna i t , a name n t uncommon in Scottish nomenclat re . But why Kirk O ’ Muir should be called a parent church ” a ll it i s hard to s y . For , origina y, it was Simply a chapel dedica ted to th e Blessed Virgin by Patrick Graham of if 5 a e lla B at e a r i e i n r a a Dunda in 144 (c p e M Mo de Du nd if) . i i s di fi e re nt — i n k In Pont the spell ng quite Cra gca ne c . (See h t e List . ) No one wil l now be surprised to learn that few saints our are commemorated within borders . There is , of course , r Cambu k h the Irish Canice o Kenneth at s enn et , and Ada m nan of Iona has his name sadly clipped down both in Kil

unan and Rowardennan . Fi nni ch Malise is a compound a n name , in whi ch the m tempts o e to think of the common “ ” n r Keltic endeari g prefix , meaning my o my dear, Often x f as Kilmar prefi ed to the names o saints, in onoc k, Kilme r

B 18 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

ook a n , and many more. But in this c se there i s no saint ali i i n question a t all , only a certain M s us , a faithf ul vassal

Of the Earl Of Lennox , who is briefly referred to in the a r tula r Of ni C y. But, course , we have St: Ni ans or St . i n an s B h R g , whilst the curter ina s also appears near Bal our a a o fron . Ninian, earliest Scottish s int , is lso n e of the m ost frequently commemorated . In its earliest days, how e our i ver, Stirl ng St . Ninians was usually called simply “ ” E li s i . e r gg , . , The Ch urch , o else Ki rkt oun . Up till the 18 th l century the church at Slamann an w as also cal ed St . a L wrence , and there his well doth still survive . St . Droste n, the dear friend Of Columba, is preserved to memory in Craig on hi rostan , Loch Lomond ; w le a little further south is ” a f ah w Balmaha, the vill ge o St. M e . There is a St . ’ ’ ’ olum C s or Columba s Glen near Kippen ; a St . Mi rre n s l Me ri nus r Me adh n Well at Ki syth commemorates o ra , Of ur i the Irish Bangor and o Scottish Paisley ; and there s, ’ or odan s a t a rather was, St . M Well Falkirk , to celebr te an 8 n of th century missio ary, probably a comrade St . Ronan, while La dysmill in the same town wa s presumably so c alled in honour Of the Blessed Virgin . But there seems little else for the hagiologist to discourse upon . The a a religious houses and their Offici ls , however, h ve left e bbo s n e their mark in several directions , . g. , in A t g ra g , “ ” Abbotshau h of g , Arnprior , Buchanan , house the canon, “ ’ ” ole n cle ra c h a nd s o . Grange Burn, M , parson s mill , forth “ lelands There are also Te mp , a relic Of the Knights Tem plar, near Denny.

Another interesting little group of n ames clusters around r our battlefields . Stirlingshire, the centre and hea t Of a of d Scotl nd , has been made the scene many a bloo y com

- r bat , and these Often and very naturally have left deep p inted memories behind . Immortal Bannockburn is recalled by ’ Gi lli hi l . es l, but only possibly by Halbert s Bog Halbert is ha be r t probably the name Of some man , as the l , the word un a t any rate , and probably the weapon too, was quite known i n Scotland till long after the days Of Robert the o Br uce . I am indebted to Mr. W. B . C ok for another prob B atte rfi ats or able reference , viz . , in the place now called INTRODUCTION 19

B utte rflats, between Stirling and Bannockburn. We get the

Polm ai se of 1610- 20 t rue and original name in the deeds , l for r B att e lflats . Ignorant notaries mistook , and made it B atte rfiats ; while fresh ignorance considering itself B att erflats B ut e rfl s uperi or wisdom made into t ats . The fi rst battle of Falkirk is commemorated by the modern m fi ld as Ca p e Street in Grahamston , as well , possibly, by i f rd n B a ns o , supposed to be amed after a hapless Sir Brian , Walla c ston o who was here fairly bogged and slain ; e e , t o,

r . of efers to the same field The second battle Falkirk , ’ u Prince Charlie s battle , is preserved for s in the original

Camp fi eld at the West end Of the town , and in the modern n i ’ Battlefield Cottage o its Site , wh le Prince Cha rlie s Well

lies not far away. There are two places called The Garrison r o in our shire . One ca ries us back t Falkirk in the days

O f Wallace wight ; the other, at Inversnaid, reminds us Of the turbulence of the Jacobite clans in the days of the

Georges . The exploits Of the brilliant Marquis of Montrose are still kept in mind by Baggage Knowe at Ki lsyth ; and

probably other instances could be found .

IN - NAMES FORD .

Yet another very curious and somewha t puzzling group o f - as B ai nsfor names links itself to the suffix ford , in d, r W ndford Ran dyfo d, Rumford , Summerford, and y . In none O f these cases is there anythi ng like what we would now “ ” or c all a ford , passage through a large stream fit for B i n f hors es and vehicles . a s ord is supposed to refer to some passage through the Mungal B og ; and the Old Pest Burn o nce flowed right through it ; but the early history Of the or name seems quite unknown . In most all of the other “ ” or c ases there is, though no ford , some burn little stream . “ Thus , it seems safest to translate ford in all Sti rlingshire “ ” “ ” or names by some such word as brook burn ; though , a o f course , it is probable th t some Of the little streams in question may once ha ve been of larger size and stronger r d current . That the English word fo did once mean also “ ’ a a brook is quite certain . Dr. Murr y s D i cti ona r y “ one of 1563 quotes from writer date , who says , Ryvers ” a re caused by the m e at yng e of many brooks and fordes ; 1610 f whils t another, writing in , a firms that Boggie grounds 20 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE are fastened and firmed by frequent overflowi ng them wi th ” Fords or Land flouds .

CON CLUSION .

The student at the very outset of his studi es dis covers tha t the Kelt always had an eye for scenery. Most of hi s place names simply and succinctly describe the site of the place as it struck his eye ; hence the high value of a personal i nspection in all studies of this sort ; though it has always ” to be remembered tha t sites may alter or be corrupted own as in their fashion as well names . Occasionally, though ’ rarely , the Kelt s names indicate a considerable ap p re c i a of tion the picturesque , t oo. The Saxon or Lowland Scot very seldom troubled about the picturesque . His names,

— - Oi - Mi ddl fi ld like himself, are mostly matter fact e e , Park

- u f s hea d , or the like . But and with the throwing o t o thi remark I close— the Saxon sometimes developed what th e of a s Kelt never seems to do, a sense humour, in such farm names as Ji nkabout and Lying Tom and Sourg ras s (Denn y) .

The pensive Kelt has given us a Balfron , a house of mourn ” ” ing, but never a house of mirth .

CONTRACTIONS USED IN

— a . ante, before .

— c . circa, about .

— Cf. compare .

— Dimi n . diminuti ve .

r - F . French.

— i G . Gael c .

- Icel . Icelandic .

— Ir. Irish .

— L . Latin .

- Nom . nominative .

— E - x O . . Old English or Anglo Sa on .

— O .G . Old Gaelic.

— O .N . Old Norse .

— Perh . Perhaps .

— Plur . Plural .

— Prob . Probably.

— Prom Pronounced or Pronunciati on . — s Se . Broad Scot .

— W. Welsh. L IST OF T HE CHIEF PLACE N AMES IN S TIRLIN GS HIRE

Abbeytow n B ri dge (Airth) . This keeps in memory lands

granted here to Holyrood Abbey by Ki ng David I.

“ r n of Abb otsg a g e (Grangemouth) . Farm the abbot , “ r a na i u m of Ne wbattle . Grange , medieval L . g g (fr. r anu m a s g , grain) , is the pl ce where the rents and tithe

Of a monastery used to be delivered and kept . ” E Abbotsh au gh (Falkirk) . See above. Haugh is O. . lh a le c h a hea , h , a flat me dow by a river.

r sk i n d a i r m e a s a i n d A c e m a (Buchlyvie) . G . e g , acre , fiel ” of the butterwort . 28 1214 1296 h Ai r th . 11 Hereth , c . Harth , Ert . Prob . G. i dh w ” ai r , a level green , a place where Osiers gro .

rth ri 2 hr n - 31 Athra Ai e (Stirling) . c . 1 00 At a , eran , 1 7 y,

e ra a t - n r - r i na y . Some think Pictish . Perh . G. h r a i n o o , “ ” a subdivision . A A an or R. 3 8 r halun ll llen 1 73 Alon , and 1 1 7 St at , which “ ” s r a alu n a Th e may be G . th i n , bright , bonnie v lley . a a a i n n r ala i nn has first is now Short , but the Ir . l o certa inly become Short on English lips in several Ir ish i Mo alle n ll n or r names , l ke y and Ke na e , Down . F a simila

- 135 reason , both the Stirlin g and the Ross shire Alla n ( 7 1 29 A a i le a n Alane, 5 len) may be a variant Of G. , pron .

al - e n h , a green plain , which suits the Site in bot s cases . The length of the first vowel Of Allan seem

Al - i s t be very fluctuating . ness , Ross Shire , asser ed to A a n ow lanes , the same root , and there the first is a u i le an alw ys pretty long . Moreover, the Ir . dimin . l , “ ” e little rock , has five times become Alleen in Ir . p lac

Cf. t o th names. , o, e W. and Corn. Alun . 24 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

“ lan der n G a i le an da i Al (Mil gavie) . Prob. O . . r , plain by ” Allande r the stream , now the . ” Allanr o a i lean r ua dh wi e (Fintry) . G. , red, reddish plain.

n t rm on of 38 l m n 144 A e y (Milton Campsie) . 1 0 A tyr o y, 0 l e rm ne 1451 Au c h rm n c 1610 nt At e rm n A t o , ty o e , . Po , yn y,

18th Alte rmuni n Alt rm on . a i lt century , y y . Prob G. “ ” t r e m oi ne i n e i , stream i n the boggy la nd , G. mo , a bog,

- a peat moss .

Ardi n n i n o Ar i n ah ar d g r d L o ch (Strathblane) . G. “ ” di nna i n or duna n f e i , top o the littl hill.

rkl t L o - A e ch (Stronachlachar) . SO pron . in G . to day . 10 i e r 11 Loi r e clat i e Possibly c . 80 T gh na c , ann . 7 , g , . .,

Ir e c la - fi d of Loch g t . Prob . G. a r cle i t, battle e l the ” - fl k snow a e s .

Arnbra e Bi r d a n bra i h (Kilsyth) . Sic c . 1610. G. g , top ” of the brae or upland .

Arn i bbon K ar d an hi e i n g ( ippen) . G. g b , height with the ” hunch on it .

Arn m r o e . g y (Kippen) . Height Of Gomery, cf above. 08 m e s Thus, same name as Montgomery , Wales, 1 7 Do da unt um ri 14 ome ri c i An A y, M g e , c . 1 0 Mons G . nglo N ort i a n Montgomery settled at Eaglesham , Renfrew, f57 c . l . ” Arn loss or (Slamannan) . Height of the flame beacon, “ ” lo i s e or f li s . G. , o the garden , the enclosure, G. o . Cf

Arn bra e .

dal hi ll e a r th Arn ot e and Arn ot (Falkirk) . Said to be fr .

ut i h 15 r - n , 51 e nut , the pig nut , formerly dug up here. “

142 9 A . Cf . rnut , in Fifeshire

Ar ri or Of Inchm ahome. np (Kippen) . Height Of the prior, Arn ome r Cf. g y.

‘ Arn s A n e ar Castle (Drymen) . Sc . for alders . nother A a r n cary ; and cf. rnhall , Huntly . Dr . Murray thinks

a lr n a lle r n ce lr e n . may be , aldern, O . E . 1405 Arroc hy be g and Arr o chy m ore (Buchanan) . “ rr ch m r a be a a r a h m or E a y o . G. a r ch g and c , little “ and big meadow or battlefield.

’ r s on i 1293 Fur num A rthu O (Carron) . S c 1727 , now gone ; ’ ” r th uri A E e n o n A . rthur s oven , O . . Of , Icel . f ; thought to have been a ca irn or mound in memory of one of King “ ’ hus Arthur s battles . It may have been the stan

which gave the name to Stenhouse . THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE 25

N e w Sta ti s ti al A un t A shla n (N. of Buchanan) . In c cco “ i h u en Clac klane . Perh . G. ea s la , waterfall by the ” closure .

n 2 hi b h 1483 A hi u A u ch e bow i e (Plean) 13 9 Auc n ot y, nc bu i dh w a s bowy . N ot , a s it might seem , fr. G. e , yello , “ i a n n Drumbowi e ; but G. chadh nam botha , field with ” r the little houses o huts.

n a had a n i h th e A u ch e eck (Killearn) . G. c h e c , field Of l “ ” horse or possibly fr. an o d root meaning water,

as in L . Eck , G . Ai o.

n 14 8 u uc hi v nni s 1610 A u ch en ga e (Falkirk) . 5 D ae A nga e , c .

hi n i n . Auc h e n a n a hadh na n Ac ge . Now pron g y . G. c / am ha i nn ga mhna (Sing . g ), field of the yearling cattle cht e r a‘ ve n ‘ cf. Au g , Perth .

n tro i 13 3 - i ntroi A u ch e g (Buchlyvie) . 9 g . Field Of the ” t r oi c h r f f dwarf, G . ; o , O the soles o the feet , foot t r oi prints , G . gh. Thi s last also means sorrow,

though rarely .

u c h en t re a hadh na ti r e A y (Kinnaird) . G. c , enclosed ” field on the land Cf. Kintyre .

A u chi n cloch s 1350 uchi ncloi ch (Kil yth) . c . A . Field with or c loc k o la h the pebbles rocks , G. r c c .

n n A hi ’ A u chi e de (Strathblane) . Local pron . uc ne e n . Field or h ll e ada nn on the face Slope Of the i , G . .

i n m ulle on A u ch y (Banton) . Field the summit or height , m ulla h G . c .

h i n r e och 1451 Achi nre w h A u c (Kilsyth) . ac , 1610 Achi n “ r i voch a c ha nna of a hadh r i a bha h . G. (plur. c ) c , grey ” ish , brownish fields .

u hi n v a lle a ad a b a i A c y (Kilsyth) . G. ch h n h le (pron . vally) ” r field with the farm or hamlet , o else township field .

R ri on . A o b . A v and v n dge Prob . O. E. Chr on . ann . 710 ” Ha e fe a bha i n n . G. , a river. ll A w e s (Grangemouth) . Doubtful .

bi thi ll B ab (Slamannan) . Doubtful. Perh . fr. the personal “ B a bbi t babha i d r baba name perh . G. o g, a fringe, a ” tassel , a cluster . 26 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

Ba dank e v bada n c i p (Buchly ie) . G . p , little thicket, ” of clump trees, with the tree stumps in it.

a dd ow 169 B di B av (Gartmore) . 1 a vow . Doubtful . The “ ” ba d a Badd is G. , a thicket ; the is the G. article ; “ - m e t the vow may be the aspirated gen . Of , a heap or ” or of m olt m n i ll conical mound, , , chaff , dust . For this of ll i ll phonetic change . Pow fr . G. p o , p u , and Cowden , uld formerly Co e n. ” B a dlus ki n i . hi a lua s a i n (K ppen) T cket of the cr dle , G. g ;

O .G . lu s a perh . fr . g , a cave , a rather doubtful word .

a d Oi h e an n ai ch h B g (Buchanan) . G ., thicket with t e ” thistles .

o K ’ B a ggage Kn w e ( ilsyth) . Hill where Montrose s bag of h gage was stored at the battle Kilsyt , 1645.

“ n ford S i c 1785 1 B i f rd n B ai s (Falkirk) . ; 797 r an s o , commo ly ai n f d i called B s or . Thought to mark the place where S r Ja a Brian de y, preceptor Of the Scottish Templ rs , stuck

fast while trying to cross Mungal Bog , and was Slain , in 12 the battle Of Falkirk , 98 . See the contemporary chroui a o mi clers , M tthew f Westminster and Wa lter Of He ng ” B i ns ford burgh . The Pest Burn once flowed through a , i a i n w as and very l kely it was called after a man B , as

n h l - B ai s o e , Insch . See also pp . 18 19 .

’ ’ “ - - l fa rk . . ba i l a u i r c a t B a a (Balfron) Prob G. f , hamlet ” B lai forki lan the fork . But r e , Bridge Of Al , is prob .

a r a n ak - fr . f c , an o tree.

a 12 u hi rn k 1238 B alde rn o ck (Milng vie) . c . 00 B t o , Buther “ ”

45 B de rnoc k r a . G bu th n oc ki s , 17 a . O igin lly O . , house , “ ” a i e i r e i r e a r na i but n o w G. b l , farm , hamlet, a n g o g,

- of the sloe trees .

3 B a frone 1503 uthran of B alfron . a . 1 00 (and B e , . above) . ’ “ ” a i l - a - bhr oi n n Prob . G . b , village of mourni g .

n i n a 1300 B uchm n n t B alfun g (Drymen) . . o y . For the firs

ld rn o k . syllable, s e e B a e c . The latter part is either G ” ” / or m ona i d ea n m ona c ha n, hills , h , heathy moors .

- Ardi nni n For the ing, cf. g . l h 1225 Ba groc an (Lennoxtown and Torrance) . c . Bren ro han e 1272 B re n rouchan 142 8 B ar r oc han 1458 g c , g , g ,

lli r h ne 1486 B al roch u n i s . T he . B a ng oc a , g q e Bren is fr

ba r r - a n s G . height of , the but the name now come a i le a r otha c h fr . G. b , h mlet, place , and, prob . , g , com a nothui c he an moner gnoth c h or gnotha c h, plur. g ,

ff r - a ai s hence, business pla ce . THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE 27

’ ’ “ l en n an a i - a - b i 1m e i n ha t Ba h (Fintry) . Perh . G. b l h , mle l ” by the litt e ben or hill.

’ Ba a an ba i l - a a i n i n ll g (Strathblane) . G. l g , hamlet , farm ” the little hollow.

Ba a 1350 B u hl B alde rn oc k 1494 ll t (Balfron) . c . c at, se e ; ’ B lla i s ou t B alat s 6 llath . ba i l a t , P t , 1 91 Temple B a . G “ a i t , cheerful , j oyful hamlet .

Balli ki n ra i n 0 610 Pout (Killearn) . Si c 1680, but . 1 Balach e ndra i n ba i le i nn r a i n n , B ale ke ndrain. Either G . c , “ ” ea nn village, farm at the head (G. c ) Of the division , r a i nn r i a la a n r a i nn th e or o na or perh . be ch , pass at ” r division o at the promontory .

Balli n dallo c h 1238 B ali nodalach . 1350 (Balfron) . , c Ball “ i ndal h a la of da i l i n ac . G. b i le na da c h (gen . ) , village

the field. There i s another in Strathspey .

Balloch n e ck a la a n e a h or (Drymen) . G. be ch n c , pass Of, f r Auch e n c k available o , horses . But cf . e .

Ba a a. lm cha w lm h (L. Lomond) . c . 1610 B a a ; no pron . Bal ” ba i l Ma ha r Mah e w mahaw . G. c , village of St . Maha , o , at companion Of St . Patrick , who is said to have lived i s Kingarth , Bute . On a hillside not far away there still ’ St . Maha s Well .

Bal u h arra a e . q g e (Lennoxtown) . c . 1350 B ale c arr g . Prob ’ ba i l- a - h a r r a i f G. c( ) g, village , house on the cli f.

Bal u h atston B nh stai n V q (Slamannan) . a at . illage ” “ ” c a t ha t r of t he Of the cats, G. , c , o possibly, battle , ‘ c a th c a fli - t on a G. , O .G . t , with the later Eng . su x , here

tautology.

Bal uh i dde rock ba i le oda r a c h (Bannockburn) . Prob . G. f , q ” n da r . farm havi g much fodder or straw , G . i o is prob E é fr. O . . f dor .

Ban de ath Throsk 1195 B d h 12 B adendath . . ( ) . adyn e t , 07 G “ bada n de a tha i c h of , thicket , li ttle clump trees among ” e a a c the mist , rising from the Forth ; d th h, smoke ,

vapour.

Ban k ei r i c B alli nke re (Castlecary) . S 1504, but 1510 y , and on a lua n l ba i still V ti o Ro l B alli nki e r. Prob . G. le na “ c atha i r a r a th (the regular gen . i s c th ch) , village by e ” i e o fort, . ., Castlecary. This and th e n ext are ins tru

tive instances of contraction. 28 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

B an k n o k nh d - c De nn loa e a . ( y ) Pron . now Ban 0 c . 1510 ’ B alli nkn ok i . e . . bai l a n c n u hu lo , , G oc (reg lar gen . c a ) , ” village on the hill .

B nn o 2 a ck . 1 15 Vtred B anoc G. ua chda r or Aucht e r s i c 1314 149 B bannock) and Bannockburn , ; 4 annockys ” ban o c borne . Celtic , white or shining stream ; 0 0 Old is an root, prob . a hardened form of Ouse . See s. v. la e a m e s o t a Ouse and Oxnam in P c N f Sco l nd . B an nockburn is thus a tautology like Ockbrook , Derby . 1536 O From Bellenden , , nwards, many, with little likeli ban na hood, have derived fr. G . g, a bannock . Still , there a re Loch nam B onnag and Ac h da bannag in the North.

B antas k i n i i c 4 450 l (Falk rk) . S 177 ; but 1 Pe tti nt ost a e ,

1451 - t oskal 14 Pe e n k n 161 Pan ski n 4 e , 97 tt tos a e , 7 ta , 17 5 Pe n taski n . A difficult name . Originally Pict . p e t an “ ” t osta i l or t s a i l h o g , croft Of arrogance ; though ow came it by such a name ? After Gaelic died out it

gradually became corrupted into its present Shape . For f e a n r i h the contraction O p t into pen cf. Pe nd e c .

B a o ul 161 B ant oi n nt n (D latur) . c . 0 . Prob . modification ” f ban di m through Eng. ignorance o G. , clear hill. Cf.

Bandon , Ireland.

B ardowi e 1504 B erdow . . ba r r dubh (Milngavie) . y G , “ POS dark , black height, with the Eng. diminutive. sibl doi m n e y fr. G. h , a deep, a hollow.

B a rle si de y (Slamannan) . Possibly a corruption .

B rli n f ba r r li n n a aul d . s (Kilsyth) . Hybrid G. , wet ” “ a E a ld e ald n height , and S O. f uld , O . . f , f , a fold, an e h l closure . Cf. Ti t fau ds, Denny .

B ar o a 17 B re ne o . 1503 B rna o n eg (Dunipace) . . 1 7 g ] y g ,

1510 B arna o ont B arn e . . B arrna o. AS g , P gy Pron yg the second syllable is accented it cannot be the article ; ” S O ba r r a n a i i c h of . prob . G. g , height the stallion , G a i ea c h 2 2 B le rnauch g . Cf . Balerno , 1 8 a .

’ ” B E be a m . Th e eam (Slamannan) . O . . , a tree ; cf the

bea m or . hornbeam . Or possibly, G . , a gap, a stream

an c ross 1610 B e ansc orse so . B e (Falkirk) . c . , and prob “ ” Carse where beans grow.

belt of B eltm os s (Ki lsyth) . From , in the sense a narrow ” “ r Se . strip of g ound, particularly in , a strip of plantation

“ G r Oc k or . Bhrea c L ea o (Buchanan) . . , Spotted stone

i r x Si c 1691 . . B bi eston (Lenno town) . Information lacking

3 0 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

” B or a. . (e)l nd (Gartmore and Denny) Board , mensal land, i e on of . ., land held the rental a food supply or board .

OE . . b r d b r d and Dan o , a board , a table , and N. o , a a pl nk , a table , then maintenance at table. Common

all over Scotland .

B othk en n ar . 1291 B othk e nn e r 1304 B o hk n (Falkirk) , g e er, “ 1363 B uthkenn e r . O . G ba th or b th c e a/nna i r e . o , house ” Of the driver or goadsman . Cf. Buchanan.

B ow o s . 1552 B owhouss . bow h u e (Polmont) Sc. , early Eng . “ ” N bu farm s ck and O . , farm , to , cattle .

B ran sh o le B ran sh u le 1680 B lari nsh l g , gg (Killearn) . og e . ’ 1 “ bldr a n she a a i l or t s ea a i l Corruption Of G. g g , plain

with the rye .

B ran z e rt . 1545 B ranz e t B (Killearn) ; Old map, ran e r t . Either a ” G . br a n r d a or b e an a O . , bl ck height, possibly fr . r ch , br e a n 2: stinking, , a stink . The is the Old Scots y .

i o s a B r ght n (Polmont) . C lled after a man : we find B ri gh ’ N e w tat i sti a l A u nt 9 ton s Quarry in S c cco , 183 .

k i si de 1694 B r oki s d B r oc e (Kilsyth) . o y Hillside of the

br o c lc . E . br o br o badger , Sc . , O c , Celtic c . For the

- i dimin . e , cf. the Scottish surname Brockie .

E br m B r o om ag e (Larbert) . O . . o , broom, gorse , with the

- a e common suffix g , which comes to us through the & l 145 a French ; cf . fruitage, leafage , c . On y, in 8 it w s ” rumi n ch e i n h a or B , fr . c , meaning a me dow links, as in

Perth Inches .

a 1240 B uch uh an an e 1296 B ucha n n (L . Lomond) . c . q , Bough

ni an 1562 B owhan an . O .G . bu th or b th c h ana i n c a , o ( ) , “ ” B o hke nn ar house Of the canon . Cf. t .

B uchl yvi e ; also near Aberdour, Fife , where the Old form “ a mha i c h lavi . both l is B oc e s . Perh . G , house for Shoot ” i e of ing or slinging, . . , fortified house, or house swords,

i e a r a a . . s li abh . . , rmou y . Possibly the l st p rt is fr G , a

moor ; phonetically this would suit .

a 1510 B ukk e si de B u ck i e si de (Dunip ce) . . Hillside where ” buckies or sea shells were found .

rfl f 1610 B attelfle t s - flats 1817 B u tt e a ts (S . O Stirling) . , ,

rfl a . r e B att e ats . A very curious ch nge The original

ference will prob . be to Bannockburn .

1 n o ar En . ro a o of s ar or sure . With this a becomi g sh, c mp e the g p nunci ti n ug THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE 31

Cauldame s C aldam Hi ll (Bannockburn) . Prob . like the i or Cauldha m s , of wh ch there are several in Scotland , ” cauld hame or cold house .

C al i forn i a (Polmont) . Recent .

4 - 11 alen tar e 1296 Cale nt r C allen dar (Falkirk) . 116 15 C , y , llan te r A f a c . 1350 Ca . di ficult n me , by some thought l Mui ra von was Pictish. Fa lki rk , Po mont , and district i v ux once called Calatri a (Ailre d Of R e a , c . in Irish

l hr a . c a la th r os Annals Ca a t os , s id to be Ir , hard wood , a and thought by some the same name as Call nder . Early

forms do not encourage this . They certainly look as if c a i lle a n c a i lle a na c h it was made up of G . , a seed , a husk , , ti r a full of seeds or husks Of grain, and , l nd . The Perth di fle re n t a Shire Ca llander, a name, was assimil ted to the Falkirk Callendar through its ownership by the Living

a f l . stones , E rls o Lin ithgow See also the Preface .

r o l 1215 Cambusbarr un 12 C a mbusba r n (Stir ing) . o , c . 70

- n arnu s - ba r r - a bha i n n bar ru . Possibly G. c (here pron . “ ” wn O ) , crook , bend at the height over the river but

a m u ba r r a i n v - prob . c s , ri er bend at the li ttle hill .

k n n th Si c 1147 a 1 1 - Cambu s e e (Stirling) . , but . 50 kine1.

- The form in kinel occurs more than once , but seems to “ ” - of be an error. Prob . river bend Kenneth , Canice or hu of Cai nn ac s, friend Columba , and patron of Kilkenny. ” am u c e a nna i che of Possibly G. c s , bay commerce .

e lon . 977 i st r i a B r i ton um C am (Falkirk) [ H o , re ann . 537,

i h amlan n i e . am lan n G ue t C , . , the battle Of C , in qua M ra u c orruere am lan n Arthur e t e d t . This C , W. c a m “ ” lla n , crooked enclosure , must have been in South

a ar ui rs . v 1 26 o e Brit in ] Originally C m , q . , 5 B ce erron e ousl Ca m elodunum 1535 te w a r t am e li n y , hence S C do e , 1536 e lle nd e n am elon 177 N i m rno B C , 7 New Cam e lon . “ a ai - c a m lOn Loc l pron . C m lon, as if G. , crooked mea ” dow or marsh .

a r o a 1200 a mbr un 14 C me n (Drymen) . . C o , 64 Cam roun .

a . c a m s hr bn s h Gener lly explained G (with mute) , “ ” ” or crooked nose headland . But Whitley Stokes, r G a O . . c m following the earliest fo m , says bru n , “ ” hill r crooked , slope, o brae .

C am o u hi ll a . . 1350 Camk e ll 1482 Cam uh ll q (B lfron) c , q e ,

1513 Can uh ole . A a q n me varying between G. c am “ ” “ c h Oi ll e an n na c h oi lle ( ) . crooked wood , and c ( ) , h ead ” For a n i n Of the wood . ch nge Of into , cf . dum for dun n n k l in Dumbarto , Dumfries, &c . Cf . Ki e l. 32 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

Ca si Ca si s . 1208 a 1300 mp e and mp e Fell Kamsi, Ga may, 1522 Cam s c am p y (through fancied connection with p ) . G. “ ” “ ” c a m s i th il or , crooked h l hill range . Fell is ON . ” a ll e ld n fi , Dan . fj , mountai .

c an dl e (Grangemouth and Blackston) . The accent s ug “ ” O. G . c a n da gests , white land or habitation .

l r Can a . . 1610 Cann laur . . e an n le adha i r g (Plean) c g G c g , “ of of height the loud noise or clash arms . Cf. Dal na lar g , Glenshee .

Can n e rt on (Campsie) . The Eng. canne r i s a very modern

so . of . c e an n a i r tea n word ; perh a modification G , “ ” of or height covered with little pebbles or fli nts .

Ca Bi s i . e a nn a n r oi nn n ny nn (K lsyth) Prob. G. c , hea d ” of or the promontory division, with Eng . plur. 3 . If o s , then Penrhyn .

Carb eth r a nd Carbeth ri (Killea n) Guth e Strathblane) .

Si c 1482 1513 Carnbe th . c a tha i r , but G (pron . car) a n “ ” bhe i the , fort among the birches . Also s e e Guthrie .

rbro o br k Ca k (Plean) . No oo here ; SO prob . G. c a tha i r “ ” br u i f br e, fort or den o the badger, G. oc, Sc . br o ok.

un w - Carlest o (Campsie) . D elling, farm toun for the carls r r rl a o se fs (chu s) . So s me name as Carleton , Skipton

c e rla - un and Pontefract , O.E. o t .

u i r 45 Duae rmuri s 1632 Carm s (Falkirk) . 1 8 Ca , Wester and “ i r r m ur a tha i r a e r E st e Ca r e . Prob . G. c , W. c , a fort

a and m u i r E . (there was one here in Roman d ys) , O . , “ ” or or Icel . and Dan . m , a moor, heath , marsh , a word

which seems to have been adopted into G. However, 200 mbr Dalmuir (Dumbarton) is c . 1 Dalmore , fr. G. ,

big.

k A 144 9 Crann ok 1468 Ke rn ok . . ar na h Carn o c ( irth) . , G c c , ” ” c r a nna i s . a rocky place, a quarry . But G. g a pulpit

- r n fl ts arr on sh ore S i & c . C arr o n R. , Car o a , C , de , Said hr n a nn 710 1200 a 1208 to be O.E . C o . . , Cacre , c . K run , Car oun ; the na me is also thought by some to be found

120 tolem . in the tribe Carnon e s or Cerones (c . P y) Possi “ ” i . c a r a bly G. c a r abha i n n , bending, wind ng river, fr , a bend, a winding ; a very fit n me . Possibly same root ” a u i c h a a or . . . a as G. c r r a n , to sep r te stir up W J W tson “ ” i s asserts it is Pict . for rough river . The Carron a rr nshi re si c 1792 tidal river , hence Ca o , . THE PLACE NAMES O F S TIRLINGSHIRE 33

1296 St ri ve l n Ca rs e or Kers e of the Fo rt h . Johan y de ” a a a r . Cars . Low all uvi l land long iver Root doubt a Dan ka e r c o r s m r m a .N . r r . . ful . It y be O c , , W , a sh ,

- a a s . . fen l nd , such land would now be all drained Cf

k a r r - Ke rsi e r Icel . j , copse wood, , and Hungry Ke se ,

c a r . Bridge Of Allan . It may perh . be G . , with Eng “ ” plur . s , the windings .

a i s e a l . Cas hell (Loch Lomond) . G . c , a castle, a bulwark h This change Of 3 into s is very common in Gaelic .

i c 1450 and 1200 Ca r tula r . Le ve na x Ca stleca ry . S , prob . c . ” a e lum a ru m Cast e lc ar ri s . Prob . not L . c s t l c , dear fort ,

a tha i r a e r . but a tautology , G . c , W. c , a fort , a castle

Ran i 1510 nk ut C as tle k ne (Dunipace) . Castell Ra yn, Po c Cast . B a nky , and now usually Castle Ranki . What Ran ki n e was this ?

1253 a r tula r L e ve na x Catcleuch (Bonnybridge) . Perh . C . “ ” i h a e u h Ca tt sc lot e . Gorge Of the wild c t , Sc . cl g , early lou l or cle uc h Eng . c , c og, a cleft , ravine , gorge . Cf . Doe ’ lfc l uc h and Wo e , St . Mary s Loch.

a r . . 1370 1498 a 1 520 C tte (Drymen) c Cather, K teris , Estir, M ddi ll We sti r u t i r a tha r y and Catir, Po Catt s . G . c , “ ” For n of soft , boggy ground, a marsh . the hardeni g th of k k r the , . Cathcart, c . 1170 Ke t e rt , c . 1375 Cat e t .

s w a a c 220 ti r li n Cau e yhe d (Stirling) . [ . 1 La chausee , S g B u r h a si n e s a lsa or g S L ng Ca y . ] Here stood the Spittal

hospital, to which a causeway ran from Stirlin g Bridge .

h ll a o Ch art e rs a . ut h r r ll (St Nini ns) . P C a t e usha , so prob . ” not . ha r te r i s fr the family Of C , but some Charterhouse, or for house Carthusian monks .

la an s . . c la i i ou n l C g g (Drymen) G and Ir . g , a skul , in

a h . Irel nd Often applied to a hard , round ill with Eng s plur . .

i n h - la ri c . . 22 lbr nn i s C (L Lomond) c . 1 5 Clarines . G. c i , “ ” or r i r island like a table plate , G. cla , cib .

ar r - a - Cl et (Grangemouth) . G. cla i t, table like place.

obbl br e C e a (Carron) . Hillslope or brae covered with “ ” - or c ob l water worn pebbles cobbles, middle Eng . y , of Obscure origin .

Cock m alan e (Polmont Station) . Very likely recent and wh m si c al . In Old names Cock genera lly represents Cul or éol

C 34 TH E PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

Co ck s ow Throsk 1449 Kuki l ' p ( ) . sp u l . AS it sta nds c ook s ” , ’ . oll or . a pow, Sc for p head Origin lly prob . cook s pool ” r a a s o k h as the u Se or or st e m , c c never sound in . Eng . , wherea s ku ke or c u k w as a common Spelling of cook in r and P the fou teenth fifteenth centuries . ow in So. “ ” m a ” e ns a sluggish strea m rather than a pool ; so

a . oll w lso G p , W. p l.

Coi re a c h an or C orri e a ch an . of a a (N Buch n n) . Pron . ’ “ ’ ” COIre c h an . . oi r Ea cha i n Prob G . c , Hector s corrie “ or glen .

Co i r Ark l ‘ e i. . Arkle t . . o i r e a r a e (L ) G c , a c uld on , corrie, l a g en.

Céldra c h . a l da r a (Drymen) Prob . G. c o ch, narrow oak ” wood .

Collali s ’ . . . c oi ll a i l hi o (Drymen) Doubtful Perh G. g s , wood ” ’ - - . a a oi ll a n li s e Of pride The ccent is gainst c , wood ” or a with the wall walled g rden .

lz m 1610 P ou l Co i u . t Co a m (Kilsyth) . c y . Now pron . Céal ’ “ - - - z i . o i ll a m h2i i m um The site suggests G. c , wood on ” “ ” mam m a mma a the rounded hill , G . , L . , breast, a pap. ’ “ r o i ll- a - le u4u l am But mo e prob . c (pron . y e ) , wood Of ” “ ’ ” the leap. The Laird s Loup is some way Off.

Co r . . m a r me (Buchanan) G co , a confluence , watersmeet .

Sa me name as Comrie .

- on oc h ra. P out Conn ochra . . c on hr a C (Drymen) . G c , col ” e r a or c r b . Con lection of folds , , a fold , a weir Cf . agle n n ulli c h b and Co t , as well as Cono ra, Strachur and Loch

alsh .

n A 1288 rn tun . Corn t o (Bridge of llan) . Co The Oldest r e

- corded tu u or farm town in the shire .

i r n n a n A . c i r e r i a/na i u Corr eg e ( berfoyle) G. o g , corrie ,

glen with th e sunny hill .

“ 1457 Culti r c ul ti r e Coulter L . (Dunipace) . . G. , at the ” back of the land.

ou t of Th e Cou t ch es (Kilsyth) . A c ch is a division land . To coutch land is to lay it out in rega rd to a proper and r convenient division a mong prop ietors and possessors. i ti n a r ou h e r Jamieson , Scotti sh D c o y . Same as Fr . c c .

i 1 147 Coll n e i . C ow e (St . Ninians) . y ; also Collin , Coll e “ ” d i lle a Seems to be an ol plur. of G . co , wood , now

au n . c oi llt e . Cf . Cowie, Kincardi e and Huntly THE PLACE N M IES OF STIRLINGSHIRE 35

i l 1650 Coxe thill . for C oxi th l (St. Ninians) . Said to be i o ks t . a or c c ho , common in Eng place n mes , and given g i nally to be a broad way or glade in a wood through

sh t o s . which game might oo , s as to be caught in net

i n r adle Cra dl s (Kilsyth) . Prob . connected with c , which l the pool is ike .

’ i m h u i ll r e a a hu i ll Cra g a p (Kilsyth) . G. c g p , rock Over ” oll the pool, G. p .

i n n t of . ou t Crai c an ne ck C ra g a e (N. Kilsyth) P g , “ l ” which means i ock with the sweet wi low or myrtle , a h r e a G . ca n n c . But the present form suggests c g “ ” u i of r a n n t , rock the parent church , referring to Ki k ’ r An nai ts O Mui , close by . There are several in Scot

land .

rn 1506 Cra be rnard. B e r na r d C ra i gba e t (Campsie) . g might “ ” be a r n a r d r be G. , height with the fissure o notch , as

well a s a personal name .

i u ffi i r e a d a b C ra g d e (N. of K lsyth) . G. c g h h, dark rock ,

- i with the Eng . dimin . e .

i n e lt of 1462 ra n e lt i C ra g e g (W. Dunipace) . C gy g . E ther r e a a n e nlta or G . c g g , whitened , bleached little crag, ” r e a - a n - e i lt u c g g , rock ca sing fear or cowardice . The

present moorland farm , by its Site, hardly suggests

either, though on it once stood a sepulchral cairn called ’ ” The Ghost s Knowe .

rai forth . 1215 Cr ai horth 1327 r i orth C g (Stirling) g , C a g . “ Hill by the For th the f in the early forms being

lost by aspiration .

- - ra i h at . r e a a ha i t C g (Drymen) G. c g c , rock Of the wild ” c a t .

- C ra i i b r a . A . c r e a a ch g e u n (F lkirk) quasi hybrid fr G. g , “ ” rocky , hilly .

C rai i e v a i rn or - r P out Kra i vai rn g ve n (Drymen) . g . G . “ r e a - a - bhe a r na a or c g , rock with the g p fissure , G.

be a r n . 0 . 1350 Crom ve rne r o v r Only it was , C n e n , fr. r m r ai i e arns G . c o , crooked . Cf. C g b , Dunkeld .

C ra i m a ddi e B alde rn oc k of g ( ) . Rock the hound or wolf, m adad G. h.

i i n W Of ’ C ra n v e . r ea na h a i bhn e g ( Stirling) . G. c g , n by the river Forth . Cf . De ovan or Dunn i ve n . 36 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

Crai ro sta n . S i c 1793 12 g (Ben Lomond) , but 72 Cragtros “ ” of . Dros tan f tane . Rock St , pupil o Columba ; d lost

. . Allt o a a i t by aspiration Cf R stan , ne r by , G . l , a burn . Crai ro s ton The spelling g y comes fr. recent association

with Rob Roy Macgregor .

” Craw tre e . ra w for (Gargunnock) C is Sc . crow ; but

possibly this is some corruption .

r i n c h . . 1320 Cr e i ni nch C ay (L Lomond) , 168 0 Cr e vi nch . ” c r aobh- i n n i s - Prob . G . , tree island .

rei telv ai n . . . r i t a i lbhi nn C (Drymen) Prob G c o , croft Of ” Croftal i e the fli nty rock . Cf . p .

- - r i t h all . Of . r o i t a c i C e y (Buchanan) Corruption G c (h)O lle , “ . Cre i te ndam croft by the wood Cf . , Drymen , fr. G. / or da mh, an ox deer.

n n an . 1272 Cr e m e nn n e Cr em a (Balfron) a . G. c r i oc h “ ’ ” hau a i n n a o . M , M nnan s b undary See Slamannan , and

cf. Cla ckmannan .

aw . P ou t Kri n z e t ri n a te L . . c ru i nn ad C g (Fintry) G ye , “ “ or of ead a round ridge Shoulder land y also me ns , a

a of a . h lazy bed , ridge cultiv ted land T is gives better e a ta sense than to derive fr. G. g , a gate . In either case “ O . E. hlce w we have a tautology, as Law is , a mound , ” a hill .

f i e . . O .G . a l 3 Cr o talp (Fintry) Either fr p , a lump, pro ” ” or a i l or Al i u r f t ube ranc e , p , white , the name p . C o t,

G r i t En . in . , is c o , but that is just a corruption Of the g

as 1445 Re . Cam b us ke nn e th cr oft , though as early ( g , p .

Croftma ra . lxii . ) we find g

r f- a i . . C o . Cr ofta m e (Drymen) Pron t mmy Possibly G. “ ’ ” a a i or he a ma i s a c r oi t She m s S , J mie s croft , with the “ ’ ” She oc ai dh oc ki e s s h mute . Cf. Croit , J croft, and Croit

lachlan , Ben Lomond .

of th e or Cr ofti n sti lly (Fintry) . Prob . croft Spout gush ” ste a ll sti ll. of water, G. ,

kr ék - r 1225 c r oke Cro ok (Stirling) . Icel . , in Eng. c . , a 1488 In ramsc rui k In e ram hook , a crook . Prob . g , fr. Sir g

de Umfravi lle , who was wounded at Bannockburn , and

was slain here . There is a Crooks in Drymen pa rish .

ro l ck Croy Cun ni ngham and C y e y (Killea rn) . Croy is G . “ ” “ ” or . G le a ca c h c r ua i dh, hard a hillside Lecky is . , ne s or abounding in fiagst o Slates .

38 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

“ Darn ri Mo s s a d e O . E . rn e h r c g ( Slam nnan) . y g, hill w a De r u e r n ridge lying out of the y. , Sc . de r u or da , a means , serving to conceal, dark , dre ry, solitary . Cf. a 1150 De rn e wi c k Darnick , . , near Melrose .

Da ro of da r a h r ch (hill N . Banton , and Falkirk) . G . c , an ” a h r o kwood , an oak . Cf. Ke p darroc , Ga g unnock .

Das u t her (Kippen) and Da sh e rh ea d (Ga rgunnock) . Po ” Dashur . a de i s t hi r r Prob . a G. loc tive, , south dist ict, de a nom . s ti r .

Déch r o d e de a r od (Fintry) . G. gh , good, excellent path or a ro d .

D 151 l of de n or en ny . 0 Li ti l Dany, 1691 Denny . Dimin . “ ” de a n E d nn , O . . e nu , a narrow, wooded vale . Cf. De y

Bottom , Kent .

Den n loa n h a L an y e d . o is So. for lane , especially a r a count y l ne .

D e n ov a n i c 4 n va n 1510 ki ll (Dunipace) . S 1691 , 1 62 De o e , Me D un n ov n e unn i e dun di nn a . Local pron . D v n . G . or “ ” Obha i nn a a bhu i n n a i bhn e or bi ll , v riant Of , gen . , hill

ra i ni ve n . fort by the river Carron . Cf . C g

1210 Gle nd va n . G . dubh a n Devo n R. c . o Perh . O . , dark a r Of a i w ter. An outlier of the great t ibe the D mnon i,

a a Of . D vnai n t inh biters and n mers the Eng. Devon , W y ,

seems to have dwelt here also . Rhys thinks the Sc . and

Eng . na mes identical .

Di ht . de a h de adh thi h. d g y (Kippen) . Perh . G g or g goo ,

Di c ht a . excellent house . Cf. y W ter , Dundee

di vot 1536 Di v oti es (Polmont Station) . Presumably fr. Sc . , ”

de va i t a sod. , a turf,

Do h i llo ck a . . du bh g (Dunipace) . Possibly corruption G ” thula c h , dark hill .

’ ’ to r doi r - a - t r a on i . Dorra (Falkirk) . G. o r , wood the h llock

Duc hl ass . Dou c hla e . . 1691 g (Denny and Drymen) . Den D “ ” or . Prob. G . dubh clai s , black , dark ditch trench , W la a c g, trench .

i m i 295 Ti r s a . 1300 Passa u Dri p B r dge (Stirling) . 1 p , g de

e 1158 le r . dri p p s . Cf . Dripps, Renfrew, D ip Presumably ” d r e e or . O . E. dr an to Sc . p , a j ump drop down , fr yp , r drop or d ip. THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE 39

dr ui m dor sum Drum (Bonnybridge , G. , L . , the back , “ ’ ” - V hence a hill ridge like a beast s back . ery common

in Sc . place names .

r lz i e r D rummile r D um a (Denny) . Pron . , which corresponds

m i l . with Drum e e r , 1326 form Of Drummelzier , Biggar “ dr u i m m a oi l ai r d - a Prob. G . , hill ridge Of the b re “ r m e i lle u r - e i r - height o else fr. , a blubber lipped

fellow .

Drum r i r i r o - b o d e (Mu av n) . Perh . hill ridge Of the dream ” or br ua da i r reverie , G . .

— - Drum m i k i c ar dr u i m - a i he e e h (Kille n) . G. c c , hill ridge ” r or with the proj ection like a b ea st pap .

ru m n e s i l - l a D s e (Kilsyth) . Hi l ridge with the ittle w ter ” l a u ui n fa l, G. n c s .

Dru m uh a rn 3 r h arne d r u i m q (Killearn) . c . 1 70 D unn e c . G . “ ” a - c hai r u - , hill ridge with the cairn .

Drum ta ss i e a ta i s ta i s e (Slam nnan) . Damp ridge , G . , , ” a moist , d mp, soft .

Dru m ti a n K - - 135 h n e u t . ( illearn). c . 0 t e a , Po tien Ridge ” ’ ti a dha u t s i th e a u with the little mound , G. , or fr. , “ ” a f iri e s .

Dru m tr o c h a r . (Kilsyth) . The second half looks like G “ ” tr oc a i r m a . dr o k or , pardon , mercy . It y be fr. G c ” t r o h c , bad, dangerous .

Dru m w h assl - h ll Pou t - ahassil e (Drymen) . c . 1370 c a st e , ,

1691 - uh ass ll 1 40 - uh a s ch e i lls q le . Of. 1451 Dru m c as te , 5 q , “ A a i se a l. . a r . c h in thole Ridge with the c stle o fort , G ( ) r The e used to be a castle here .

D . 1 r 238 Drum n m an 1793 Drum e n. . ymen y , Dr um e , Pron “ ” ri i me n . . dr om a n a . dr u i m G , hill ridge , fr , the gacfi

Dr ow Polma i se ks w y p ( ) . On p ow see Coc p o .

Du alt a du bh a li t d r a . (Kille rn) . G. , a k stre m

Du ch ra A a y ( berfoyle) . G . d ubh c hr a obh d rk wood or “ r t ee .

Dli lla tu r s . . 1610 Dule tt r d ubh le i ti r c y . G . , dark hill ide ” r o Slope . 40 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

Du m o n a dun dha n g y (Kille rn) . Prob . G. ge oi , (usual gen . “ ” . e o i dh l of a s . plur g ) , hil the geese , in L Goin , Fenwick , a nd L ou hna o n e a e ad g g y , M yo, fr. Ir. and G . g h, a goose. “ ” a o a n Possibly hill of storms, G . g th .

‘ Du n da fi i c (Fintry) . S 1237, 1480 Dundafm ure . Chr on . Iona

. 692 De auae ann , Duin , prob . refers to Dundee . Prob . G. “ ” dun da mh r , hill Of the stags, bucks, o oxen .

D i - - a . 1 183 Duni ast 1 190 a i s 195 i a c e un p ce p . c . yp , 1 p . Skene “ ” a ba s s s ys fr. Celtic , a mound ; the two mounds here being supposed to mark the site of that battle Of King A w N e nni us 8 00 a i s rthur hich . c . , calls Bassas . In G . p ’ a f r a di ma bha i s me ns su fe ing . The loc l explanation is G. , “ ” l sa a i s hi l Of death . Some y the n me Pictish ; but W.

a i r or a s a sui t . p , a coat , p , cough , hardly seems to here

Du k n n a d im c i a u . y (Killearn) . G . , distant , remote hill

D or A a a r A unm e ( irth) . C lled fter Dunmo e in thole, which “ ” m br Its there (but not here) means big hill , G . , big . a i e former n me wa s Airth Beg , . . , little Airth .

Dun m t D D m a t of A l 91 a a e . 7 y , umy t , y (Bridge l an) 1 “ Dunm a i Mi a ti i c t . Rhys says , hi ll Of the tribe ( s in Ada Mi a ti m nan . ) , outliers Of the Damnonii ; cf Devon ; fr m e i ddi o Old Sta ti s being prob . . W. , to dare . But the ti a l A ou n a a 1791 dun c cc t , s . v. C ll nder, written , says , G. “ ” m a hi t h c , hill Of the good prospect , whic is dubious l a Gae ic , though the writer was a G el .

Dun tr e a th 149 - t re th di m t r e i th il or (Kilsyth) . 7 . G. , h l ” hi - t r i ath ll fort Of the chief, G . .

’ ’ Ear s B a nd Ea s a a l urn (S . Of Gargunnock) rl Se t (C mp or a sie) . Prob . called after the Earls Of Stirling E rls of Lennox .

Ebro h 610 Ab r h a th br ui c c . . 1 b oc . . (Kilsyth) c Prob . G , “

f br o For F . fort o the badger, G . c . the cf Ethie, r uki Arbroa th , c . 1212 Athyn . Also cf. 1508 Eb s near I rox Dundee , and b , Glasgow .

Edi n belli e 1494 E i n ll e ada nu ba i le (Balfron) . d ba e . G. , “ hillside with the hamlet .

i o 1320 Elf ton t ou or Elph nst ne (Airth) . c . yngs . The l i n r l hi n for A A or village Of E p o E p , Pict . lpin, lbin ,

A a f . lbinus , n me of one O the Pictish kings THE PLACE NAMES O F STIRLINGSHIRE 41

ri c r c h axn c tr i dh E n dri ck R. 1238 Anne , Anne e . Prob . G. , ” ” éi r i c h r of . sp a te y river, lite ally river the rising, fr

to rise , ascend .

i s u r . ol u i s odha i r Fal k o (Drymen) . Doubtful . Perh G . f g “ ! ar . . (pron . o ) , fold , enclosure by the grey water Perh

fr a i le a - s ur s or . f g, the dog briar berry, and g , g , a rock ,

a cliff.

r a 1 1 0 i m e n o ur ham 1065 E l sbr th Falki k . 3 S o f D ann . , gg e e , 1 Ei le sbre c di c i ur 1253 V 1 66 g que varia capella t , arie 1298 a r th d e tt n Fauki rk e a Ca pelle , B Co o quae quibus v ur la Fa e ri e 1298 dam oc a t Chapelle de y , (often in or a Fr Writs) La vaire veyre Ch pelle , which is Norm . . a a 1300 MS i b A l for Varia Capell , . , D g y, Locus qui ng ice v ur t 38 1 F llki rk 138 2 F wki r c oc at ye owe chapel , 1 a , a , 16 Fa wki rk V c . 00 the , which is still the local pron . aria a V Fa w r nsla Capell , aire Chapelle and kirk are all t a o f c a la i b r c tions the original G . g s h a c , speckled f c w a u h church , church o mottled stone . Sc . f , f c , ” E a h - means dun , pale red , O . . f vari coloured . Cf. Fa i d 14 9 Fa i d s e , 6 us e , Newton Mearn s .

F a lle n i n ch a i lle a n - i nn i s (Stirling) . Prob . G . f , meadow or of ( island) abounding in twigs . Cf . Fallin , S . Stirling .

Fa nk rt on a - i a - e . n o r te n (Denny) Prob . G. f g g , sheep pen

- a n So. un k c ot enclosure . F g is used in as f , a sheep , a

- sheep pen .

Fau hli n B rn w as g u (Kilsyth) . Prob . the same ord Fauch a au h a u h lands , near the Glen , F lkirk , fr . Sc . f c , f g , found 1513 “ ” since , meaning fallow .

Fi n a rr onn har adh - g y (Campsie) . G . fi g , white , clear look ” a o r ing g rden enclosure .

Fi n n i ch 1208 F nn ch 1496 F nn e i c h Glen (Killearn) . e a , y Te n nand 1498 t e nand on n , Fenek in . Prob . G . fi , clear, ” “ ” t he - a white , with common suffix a c h meaning pl ce ,

- . Car noc k &c . Te n nand cf , is prob . a charter term

tenant.

Ei h i b Mai s a 1 0 i c k a war n e l e (Kille rn) . 68 Fi nw Bl ir (G . , a Fi nwi c kmali plain) alias c e . See above . Called after a l r f faithfu vassal of Duncan , Ea l o Lennox Fideli nostro Mali si o Carrach (Ca rrick) i lla m t e rra m in Stra blahane v oc atur Blar a r que e c hos C t . L e ve na x 74 , p. , re ann . 1398 . 42 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

238 F n tri of 1203 Fi ntri th a 1300 F n tre Fi n try . 1 y e ; . c . , . y , l ” o d forms of Fintray , Kintore . Prob . fine , white land,

for on n t r c th or t r e O .G . . G. fi and , which seem or Pict

r ti r t r a i th of . fo , land . Perh . fr. , the shore a river

a Mo s s Si c 1707 a s Fl nders (Buchlyvie) . . M ny Fleming

e ar a E . 1350 a r t L e ve na x s ttled e ly in Scotl nd . g . , c . C . , l lm i rr u han Dominus Wi l e us Fla ndre ns s de B a c e .

Fle u c h am s a i u c h th om (G rgunnock) . Prob . G . fl , wet 15 a r Fl c a r a knoll , lost by spi a tion . Cf. e u ht , C mpsie , fr. t r r a a o , mound , hillock .

o r C 8 0 a i u d i a C 20 to e m Bode ta. F th . . T c t s B o ot r , . 1 P l y p 2 e de s same root a s present n ame 0 . 7 0 B Sinu a 38 N c m i i u s a Fre i si Orientalis (E stern Gulf) , c . 7 M re a e a 970 i t h r o n Ri a e Va dorum cum (Frisi n S ) , c . P c . C . p ’ 1072 r on e i e r Forthin , O . E . Ch . Sc odwad , . . , Scots Fo d, so w ad e m a y be meant for a transla tion of a na me like 1 1 10 r de r i c a a a n d r e rmi us Forth ; c . O Scotte W tr , I ish N Foi rc u a 1 1 0 a 200 e s r i ti o Alba n i a e ; 5 , Forth ; 1 D c p , o B ri t tan i c e Sc ttice in Gaelic) Eroch , Welsh) We ri d r 22 a E r w at t e . 1 5 , Rom na O . . ) ve o Scotte ; c r kn e S a a M rkvi fi r a r O y. g y o d d rk , mu ky The “ a i r r r a i h r root seems , G . f o f g , rim , edge , borde , ” r f r a o a r i . e . a n bound y count y , , the bound y betwee a a a nd Th r S xon Lothi n Celtic Fife . e softened fo m F o r th may ha ve been i nfluenced by ea r lyr pr onuncia o r d a r tions of N. fj , f ith .

F ou ldu bs r Du b 1500 a r (Falki k) . , found in Sc . fr. onw ds , ” means a sta gna nt or muddy pool ; origin unknown M . a du Cf y b, Denny .

a i Fr n ch (L . Chon .) Doubtful . Pictish .

Gai d r r ffi ad r adh e w . . (D ymen) Di cult . Possibly G g , f place o withies (perh . for binding or breaking in “ r or e a d ra dh r a a of ho ses) , g , place of igs , on n logy ” bo r a dh r bé roo g , p on . g , a soft pla ce .

Ga i rdo c h a rr c a r r da' h c h h (C on) . G. g b o , s ort , ploughed

. Doch four field Cf . , Inverness .

Ga r ch ell 0 1350 Ga r ruch e l (Buchlyvie) . Si c Pont ; but . , “ Gar c h e lli s 169 r h ll e a r r a c ho i ll e h r , 1 Ga s e . G. g ( ) , s o t ”

a r bh G rc h ull B anfi s i c 1362 . wood , or fr. g , rough . Cf . a , ,

‘

ar . a r bh dhim or . G de n (Kippen) G. g , 1rough hill , English THE P LACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE 43

- a r bh c hui n n e a k . c . 1470 now . Prob . G . g g, ” uneven pool .

Ga rn r w a ar adh n a rua a i c h g e (Castlec ry) . Perh . G . g g g , r o f a a or ga den , croft the m id , bridesm id , female spectre , ” r r c r ui dh of a . b ownie o else fr . , the cows , bl ck cattle 1610 Garrau ld (Drymen) and Ga rr el (Kilsyth) . Kil . G . c . a r l a r bh a llt a G rvald ; also Ga va t . G . g , rough stre m “ c li fi G valt ra or . Cf . ar burn , B emar, and Garrel ,

Dumfries .

h i r T e Ga rr s o n (Falki k and Inversnaid) . The former prob. r a f a 1298 a eminiscence of the first b ttle o F lkirk , ; the ’ a f a r 1721 l tter , site o fort held by King Geo ge s troops ,

1796 .

h 15 6 G ar k roc h ne G Ga rtc h orra c h a n (Buc lyvie) . 7 t e a . .

r a r th a r d - a - c or r a c ha i n ga r t (same oot a s Eng . g or y ) h , ” r th e r enclosu e , field by little ma sh .

l r 18 th Ki rkh oose of Ga rt c ow s (Fa ki k) . In century , which a m a r r the present n me y be a co uption . If not , then on w 0 r analogy of Co den , 16 4 Goulden , p ob . park at the a c al Arno th ill b ck (G. ) of .

Ga rt e n tru a c h oi r te axn t r u a h (Drymen) . G . g g , poor, ” wretched croft .

a rtfa i rn a a 1458 rtf ri n h G (Buch n n) . Prob . Ga e . Park wit ” a e a 'r n e the lders , G. f . But s e next .

o f a rtf r n a f Pee l G a re (G rtmore) . Field o the land

or e a r a i m . a r or officer thane, G . f Peel , st onghold

a a a a of i le . cas tle , is s id to be v ri nt the Eng . p . Cf The

Peel , Gargunnock .

Ga rt i n c ab e r a a s i c 1508 (Buch n n and Plean . ) Buch . G . , 1497 Ga rtc abe r o i r te a n c a ba i r but . G. g , croft of the ” ” or of or a so a deer, the rungs r fters , and the s me as G arn abe r r g , Lenzie . Pe h . the first syllable may be a r t a r g , st nding co n , grass .

a rti n s ta rr i c G y (Drymen) . S Pont . Croft of the step ”

or of . sta i r ping stones the pa th over the bog , G . Auchi nstarr h Cf. y , Kilsyt .

artli c k a r G (Buchanan) . G. g t li e , enclosure with the ” a r stone w ll , which once exactly desc ibed this hamlet ; le a c fr. , a stone .

ar ss r . 1491 Gartne a r t a n e a s e n G tne (D ymen) s . G . g , ” closure with the waterfall . 44 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

’ “ art h i n n i e a r t - a - c oi n n G w (Plean) . G . g eam h, enclosure ” h or for t e meeting assembly . But Macha in thinks a i da i l c hui nn i D lwh nnie is G. dh, which possibly means “ narrow field .

Ga rvald (Dunipace) . See Garrel .

a l . Si c 1694 G aball ab a G vell (Ki syth) Pont , . G. g h l, a ” of fork , the j un ction two waters .

érch ew r ffi ad G (Killea n) . Di cult . Perh . G. gc a r r a ch h

(which would here be pronounced achoo) , short field .

So W . J . Watson .

Gi lli e sh i ll . l i le (Bannockburn) Hi l where the gillies (G. g l , a

l - ad) or camp followe rs waited in 1314. See the histories.

Vi a 145 Glen ll ge (Falkirk) . 8 Le Glen . Just above a deep le a nn glen , G . g .

b r i Glen e v e (Larbert) . Borrowed from Kincardineshi re . be a r Bervie is a difficult name . One may suggest, G . , bi r he r a bi r bi e r o , W. and Corn . , a spit , pin , or O .G . , , , a bor bh M c i water, well, or G . , a muttering sound . a ba n

thinks fr . root bor n a s in Bourbon .

Gle n fui r e a nn na r (Falkirk) . G . gl f , cold glen .

aoi of . 1793 Gle n uoi Glen G the (N. Buchanan) g , a phonetic “ ” of spelling . G . glen the wind, windy glen .

f Ga Glen Gyle (N . o L . Lomond) . Now pron . by els Glen h 1 5 Gle n l goyle , j ust as t e y pron . L . Goil . 7 7 gy . Either as a ti ti al un t 91 hba l Old St s c Acco , 17 , says , fr. G . go , pron . ” o - ul a g , fork , as in L . Goil , which suits the site of both ; “ ” a i dhe a l a s A or . a l oi ll fr. G. G , a Gael , in rgyle ; fr g l , g , ” r i . At . of a strange , wh ch is most likely the S end the h n l n h l loch ther e is a Gyle Burn and Auc e gy e , Po t Ac agyi . ” l n ti rr n nt - t rre n ti ar a/m or G e a (Kippen) . Po y . G. , dry, “ ”

ua r a n a . t , little ble ching green But the older name Te ri n t e rran o f the place is said to have been , thought “ to be a corruption of t e r r a e t t e r r a i n ( land and plot

of land a common phrase in old conveyances .

Si c 1691 1449 Glorat e . . l i r Glorat (Lennoxtown) . , but , G g o

a i t e . lbr a c h or le adh r a ch ( ) , clean, neat place or fr g g ,

noisy .

r n ri Si c 1745. 1240 Goga (Me st e ) . The Edinburgh Gogar is

250 e r 1 650 Gaw e r . An . Goger, 1 Gogg , g obscure name

Gon a oh a n nt Gonnakan . . ona ch (Fintry) . Po G g , sharp, ” W keen, stinging, perh . as applied to the air there , ith

- n the common suffix a .

THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

Ha i i a 2 14 4 Ha n i n . n ng (M nuel) . y g Sc . an enclosure . ha i n or To is to enclose protect with a fence , to

r O .N he n a he n e prese ve , . g , Dan . g . Cf. a field near a Stirling c lled the Haining .

’ Ha b s B o a a l ert g (Bannockburn) . Prob . c lled fter some m an of a a and ha be r d th t n me , not connected with the l or ha lbe r t Fr a la ba r de h ale b rd a , O . . , a , a combin tion of

a a nd a - a xe spe r b ttle , which finds no mention in Eng . 1495 i r till . Cf . H e rbe r tsh e .

Ha ll le n 1610 E Th e g (Falkirk) . c . aglen . glen behind

Ca lla nder House or Hall .

o f o s A Ha ugh Stenh u e (Larbert) . haugh is a pasture ,

r - E h e alh ka le h ha i fla t and by a iver side , O . . , c , Icel . g .

rt s h i r a s i c 1450 1426 He rb e e C tle (Denny) . S c . , but h hi r e ha B a ronia de He rbe rt s i re . Prob . the s or s re of a m an He r be r t ; it m a y be h e mentioned a s making 1200 a m bu s ke n ha r t a gr ant of land in Dunipa ce , c . , C . C . a ha p . 107. The tr dition is t t it was given by an early ’ King James to the Ea rl of Wigton a s his ha lbert s for ha be r t s e e share , service in war . But as to l , ’ r Halbe t s Bog ; and James I. only came to the throne 4 in 142 .

a n t He ucks. e n io . Heuck (Gr ngemouth) . Po H c is the Sc

of h ook. . pron . Cf. Crook

nh e a d 1 07 Holli nbush 1769 Hollan dbu sh (De nn yloa ) . 7 , “

holli n O . E . h e n a Hollybush . Sc . , oll , pert ining to the Hollan m e du E hole n ho le n . . . holly tree , O . . , g Cf , c

a r n K e l o n a . 1250 in C t l. s , and Holli gs , Dunip ce

i e ffi old Hollo ck bu rn (Mui ravon s d ) . Di cult , as forms are a h a i la cking . The initi l must represent some sp rated

a . . . . c olla c h r letter, now fallen way Perh fr G , va iant a lla c h bolla or of c , a boar, or g, a skull , a heifer, even

i le a c h . c o , a cock

Hoc kn ey (Denny) . Doubtful .

h of a r Th e B o s (Drymen) . The foot the hill ; spi ated i fi c os . a t Cr e . form of G. , the foot There is another

ow c h oi sh . Cf. R

H o w for HOW Kers e (Grangemouth) . is Sc . hollow, low

E holh hol a . h ol a . lying spot , O . . , g, hollow , fr , hole w a or a Th e Howgate , Falkirk , means, the y road le ding ” a down to the hollow . Also see C rse . THE PLACE NAMES OF S TIRLINGSHIRE 47

w i e . of ho w s e e H o w i e to u n (S tirling) . Ho is dimin , above ; ” of a a nd tou n is used in the Sc . sense a f rm toun .

H n r rs of A an d . . H un gry Hi ll (Carron) , u g y Ke e (Br llan)

r d i ti ona r s . v . hu n r 6 The Ox fo D c y, g y , , gives a good rr or a many quota tions refe ing to poor st rved land , the r earliest of the yea 1577 . Also se e Carse .

Ibert (B alfron and Killearn) . Local tradition makes them i oba i r t a pla ces of sacrifice , Druidic , fr . G . , a s crifice , ”

n ofi e ri n . a . . be r t or a g Some hold the n me Pict fr , ” r t e r th a h a and L o i e e r t p e , W . p , t icket , as in L rbert g p .

132 In c h c ll och 4 In ch oa i ll o ch (L . Lomond) . 5 a e , 1 05 Inche “ ” l h i nn i s c ha i lle a c ha n of c al ac . G. , isle the nuns, lit . “ ” a i lle a h U 14 old women , G. c c . p till the th century f a f this w a s the name o the p rish o Buchanan .

“

i n . 1350 Yn i sc r un n n c h cru . . . I (L Lomond) c y Rou d island, r ni n a G . e , round .

h fa d i nn i s ada In c (L . Lomond) . G . f , long island .

rff l 1 10 n c h r f i nn i a In chte (Ki syth) . c . 6 I ta e . G . s t i r bh “ “ h i n n i s a a ere me ns , not isl nd , but pasture ground, l ” sheltered val ey of the bull .

In c h ra a Inc h ra y Gr nge (Polmont) . Prob . fr. y , Perthshire, 1324 Inc h e s r e th i nn i s i a r a ch or i a r a c h y ; G . s , western ” i a r meadow, fr. , the west .

I i a s nd n (Drymen) . Doubtful .

In le ston - of i e g (Dunipace) . Farm town Inglis , . . , the h Englis man .

In v erallan r of A 1373 In ralon i n bhi r (B idge llan) . . G. “ ” Ala i n of , confluence the R . Allan with the Forth .

I s a i . . of . Snai d nver n d (L Lomond) Confluence the R , v r q. . , with the A kle t .

E as r Ja W Ja w c ra i a a a 145 te and g (Sl m nn n) . 8 Estir Jal ; 1745 Jallc ra i 1761 Ja w c rai g , g . Hybrid ; bare , ba rren ” . a ll l craig, (Sc for Fr . Icel . g , barren , the l , a s a w in m ny other cases , being softened into . Cf. the of aw farm J , Fintry .

Ji n k abou t (Polmont) . Sc . Ji n lc means to dodge or quickly a A 171 1 turn bout not found till llan Ramsay , ; so the

name is prob . modern . Po u t . 1682 Ki t r L . te n Ka tri n e Not in , 1791 Ca theri ne ’ a l a r i e 180 4 Ke t t (the G e ic p ish m nister s Sp lling) , e ri n e . Ke t t ur i n Ke t ur w . . t N o pron in G or n. Often sai d to be “ ” i m o f a h i uth a . G . c t , b ttle hell Scholars do not fa vour this o ut r é explanation ; a nd the name may be

. a h i r ea n n r n Pict But very likely it is c t E (p on. era ) , “ ” o f E a ba ttle Ei re or arn , name foun d a ll over Sc ot land ; sai d by the Irish N e nn i us to be that o f an Irish

e w ho a r c l . oc que n, c me f om S ot and L h Ea rn is found in 1 615 Loc ke rra n e A a r 1238 Al e as , and ulde n is dh re n, r And r r . a o e i s te . e ws r e ann . 954 p ob ls (R g St , ) Ulur u.

th i n . . ca Oa G is now pron ; but the pron. o f the name a i h was n ot C thcart shows that the once mute, and c. 1 170 as o Ka tk e rt a n d Ke tk e it occurs b th rt ; cf. too

. r a t e r a n ke m all the Eng wo ds, c and , re y the same roo t,

c e i the m .Ir c ei te rn . Ir . , O .

a m . . llte w Kelty W te r (Gart ore) G coi , no only the poe tic d o i e . plur . of c ll , a woo

i R. . S i c . 1200 1208 K lv Kelv n (Kilsyth) c ; e yn. G . co ol ” abh a i n n r . , na row river

n a k . As e a n n e ada i n Ke n edy (F l irk) the site shows, G. c n , ”

of th e i l . head , top h lslope

P o ut Ke c ollac h . e a c olia i c h Kepculloch (Balfron) . p G. c p “ la i c h a n or c f or c ui , tr p , s are , blo k, stump, o the wild ” boar .

v Ke w r wr i ow ri e . . 1300 do i a do Kep d (Buchly ie) c p , O p ,

u aw r e . . e a du i bh a i r i dh Po t Ke p d y s. Perh G c p , tree ” c sh e lli n i fr stump by the bla k g ; but as l kely . O . G . ha r d ur a or th e o r of dob or , river, b unda y a countr y .

e a . Kers e (Grangemouth) . Se C rse

1 150 s 1 1 n Kersi e (S. Alloa) . c . Kar y, 95 (h rs y , 1207 “ ” - - . v n or ln re Ca rs i n. Little Ca rse , q . The y may

- a n or m a prese nt the G . dimin. , it a y only be a sc rib l

’ “ ” c i nl di on o f Ki ld ea n (Stirling) . Prob. G. , nook refuge ; “ i de adha i n r f though so me sa y c ll , ce ll o church o the ” dean, o f Stirli ng.

r 1350 Kilfassa n e Pa nt - fassa Ki lfas s e t (Balf on) . c . , ts . ” o i lle as idh t th e c Perh. G . c f , wood wi h proj e ting spur, “ ” or c i ha a h th e or ll f s c , gra veyard in solitary place, ’ l ” anchorite s ce l. THE PLACE NAMES O F STIRLINGSHIRE 49

1250 K n e ri n e K n he rn 1275 K llarn . 1430 Ki llea rn . c . y , y , y , c “ a At r a or Killern . A name tha t has ch nged . fi st he d ” ” i n n e a nn . i l of height , G . c or c but now , church , G c l , e a r r a n n Morve rn mbr the division or district ; cf. , G. e a r r a n n a , big division . There was Killearn in Jura All a and a Killern , Anwoth . three , with sm ll likelihood , r i e r a n of 545 ha ve been de ived fr . St . C Clonmacnoise , ;

c lost by aspiration .

i ur ri c h i l e or i l K lm (Balfron) . G . co l ( ) , wood , c l , church , ” Mn i r i c h of Murphy .

Ke lve s th 1217 Ke ln as dh 23 i s . 1210 e 1 9 K l yth c . y , y , Kilsyth , 151 1 Kilsi th Ki lse i th r a . Pron . . P ob . , fter the a nalogy “

of Cools th e A r . c e a ll i l a r y , nt im , fr G , c l , chu ch , a ” r ar or o i ll e a g avey d , c ( ) , a wood , and s i gh e a d (gh ra r mute) , an arrow g veyard o wood of th e ” arrows .

’ Ki ltro ch a n o i ll a n t r o h a i n (Balfron) . G. c g , wood of the ” raven .

Ki lu n a n 1489 l . u ow n (Fintry) C y an e , Po n t Ki lle nnan . ” . e n i l E una i n of Eun an or m G , nook Ada nan . the of abbot Iona .

Ki lW i n n e t a Pe n t - wi nn (C mpsie) . e t s . Can it be Wood i l e (G. co l ( ) of Wingate

i ai . 1238 Ki n c ai th 1 50 K n K n c d (Lennoxtown) , 5 y c athe

. i nn of e a n n c a dha G c (locative c ) , at the hea d of a the p ss .

Ki n k éll . . 1298 K n k lle (Lennoxtown) Cf y e , Aberdeen . “ ” - - . i nn n a o i le of G c c l , at the head the wood . The

a r i n n - c e a ccent fo bids the derivation c ll, hea d

church .

i a i . 1334 K n h a rd. G i n n n a h i d K n n rd (Larbert) y . c a r e , ” a at the he d of the height , which refers to its position ol a a in der d ys when the sea c me much further in . a Ki nnahai rd St rath fi r There is at p e e .

i e . S c 1238 . c e a a n K ppen G . p , little stump or block or ” , c n a n u p , little c p .

’ i o M i K rk u r (Fintry) . 1459 Capella Beate Marie in ’ G ar w alde ra de D undafl 14 in mo , 8 0 Ca pelle Sanc te Maria D u n da fm u re 1508 a de r 1 ’ de , Ecclesi Mu e, 576 Ki r k o “ 1627 Ki rkam ui r ” Muir, . The church on the moor of B h' unda . 50 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

i s K Ki tty Fr t Well ( ilsyth) . Si c 1796 . Looks like a r G e i de a cor uption ; Kitty suggests O . . c , market , a ” a a a f ir , green , a hillock . But it m y be called a fter a Ki tt br w a wom n who kept an inn close by . Cf. y e s te r ,

Aberdeen .

k i n Sh a‘n HO Ch DP a - Kn OC ( ymen Dan ) . G . cnoc n t s i onna i c h “ ” s e an na i e h or , hill of the fox .

m i ll 16 L di i ll s . . 10 a sm L a dy (Falkirk) c e . Prob . called after a Our L dy, the Virgin Mary .

a L a nto n (L rbert) . Prob. lang toun cf . Monkton , pron . n the Munto .

c 12 1 1 195 Le thbe r th 1320 L h L a rb ert . S i 5 , but , c . e t be rd. A lle d changed name . Held to be originally Pictish ; cf . W. , “ “ e r th a a h a half , and p , brake , wood . T is is not certain , r of h as Pe th , w ich we have many early Spe llings , though 8 b c . 112 Pert , is never spelt with a until Boece . How the Lar arose is ver y difficult to say ; the - bert suggests “ ” a r t a G . he , work , exploit , a yoke, a burden , a m chine .

Cf . Ibert .

a . Si c 1797 1393 L a t une L auri esto n (F lkirk) , but ng o and n aw r 1774 Me rc hi s tou . Renamed after L e nce Dundas of 1762 Kerse , made a baronet in .

La ve r o c lc o for L av ro ck hi ll (Campsie) . is S . the lark ,

w e r c e ld e r c e . O .E . loc , f

all c e st on e . . L aw y e tt (W a ) Presumably Gate, north Eng ” “ ” e tt on . O . E . hlce w a y , the law, Sc for hill , , mound, a

hill .

1482 La dr i re ne . 1493 L e ddri e Green (Lennoxtown) . g ; cf r m r As old i h Ladrysbe g and L ad ys o . site and spelling

lada r a n . di c at e , G . , a little ladle or spoon

ont Ladle w e n . . le a thad L edle w a n (Strathblane) . P G , “ ” “ lad le am ha n slope , or , watercourse , , among the ” elms . ” lad or L e dn abra (Drymen) . G . , lade watercourse, and “ ” br a ha for or br a of or br a i ch , c , malting , , the quern ” - hand mill .

1210 L e ve n ax L e ve nach L en n ox and L e nn ox tow n . c . , ,

M.S L em n ai h . 1296 L e ve n aux old . 1234 Lenox , ; Gaelic , g “ ” a h n . le amha n . G. le am h na c , place aboundi g in elms, G THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE 51

i of . A a . Ellri . . . L ep e (S . Falkirk) f rm near L g Prob G p “ ” a h . la p c , a bog, a swamp

le a tha r n a i c h on e L ern o c k (Balfron) . Prob . G . , placed at the ” “ ” - le a th c i r a . . side or edge , fr. , sideways, edgew ys Cf

of . L e arn i e , Cromarty, which would be locative the above

nt . G . le th a i le i n . L e th allan (Pohn o ) , share , division (lit ” ” half ) on the green plain . A L etha m (Larbert) . name common nearly all over Scot W c an ar land . It suggests nothing in G . or . , and it h dly a be Pict . , a s there is a Leth m mentioned in Berwick “ ” lle th a a nd shir e in 1250. There is a W . , fl ttened , a “ ” b ut for - a m i ld i th, damp, moist ; the ending there seems nothing left but the much - derided suggestion that E ham the name must be a hybrid , ending with the O . . , , ” house , home .

tte r ei h . . L e th eray e or L e g (Inversnaid) . Pron in G as in

- le i ti r . le a thad ti r r e i dh former spelling . G . (fr ) , smooth ” - hill slope .

li s h a a . L eys (Denny) . G. o , a ouse , a garden , fort , palace

i ri a r i r i d e Darnri . L m e gg (Slamann n) . For gg or g , see gg

14 vi l n di r . L i v i la n d s (St . Ninia ns) . 57 L e a s, o level lands “ ” f li ve l a 1362 li ve l . . O . Fr. , level , spelt in L ngland , , , fr L

i be lla a a . for l , little b lance . Cf divel , devil . However, vi n landi s a a form Le g is lso recorded , which may connect Le vi n the place with some Saxon settler called g, as in a Livingstone , Mid C lder.

o ch r e e n r L g (Bonnyb idge) . If Eng . the name would have Gr e e nloc h r l h been , cf. G eenhill close by . So prob . G. oc “ ” r i a na c h r a g , sunny loch , fr. g i n the sun .

L o S a ta n h h ch t nk (Slamannan) . G . s g, a ditc , a trenc .

L o L o o and B e n . A r a m nd ch rema kable n me, which has

. 1 120 t le m m ann on i us changed four times ( ) c . P o y Le is for a now , the most part , greed to be L . Lomond , not L . “ ” . O . G . le ma n e lm Long ; fr , an , seen a lso in the river m ai n f L e a o e nn i n s an d m n i h G . the Irish N , in L e a g , the O . v 2 ni na spelling of Lennox , q. . ( ) The i n a spirated and le “ le a ni han became , the present G. for elm , hence the “ ” 1225 Gha r ta . a i sle o a a name l P y la ns de Leven , n me now t o r m i s confined the rive (here, a n de Leven) flowing 1 ou t . of L Lomond . (3) L e am han also got th e sound

a i n n s N enn i us n r n C lled the E gli h , Flumen Le in o Leu . 52 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

e w a n Le dle w an r r l , as in ; hence very ea ly a ose a con 9th e n n i u s fusion seen in the century N , where L . Lomond Lu m on o Lum nui is Stagnum y (other MSS o , Limme n L mm on 919 ndex t o ium and o ) , while in I N e nn i us we L umm onou read that L . is in the land of the Picts , and

in English is called Loch Leven . This root L um e n i s a a a lluni e n natur lly cl imed as Pict . , kin to W. , a beacon , mm e n a m a Pl nli . . l e of as in y ; cf G , a bl ze fire , a sudden flame and beacon is a very approp riate name both

for Ben L om e n d and the Lomond Hills ( s i c c. 1610) in f r m Fife . Of the latter, old o s seem unknown . They a a h f lso h ve a Loch Leven , curiously enoug , at their e e t . r This third form is still prese ved in Inverness Gaelic , m ui nn 4 l which sa ys Ben La o . ( ) But the n a tive Ga e s for a L a o soon ge t, perh ps never knew , the meaning of m a nd a e a a 0 ( l o mniu ; the e rly became pure , which , d i n though a very shifty soun , rarely if ever has done h any other Scottish name . The transition is s een in t e a a a a loc l G elic pron . , which is L wm n , while the native r a m on d A r 2 Eng . p on . is lways L6 ( ) . l eady in the 1 th N e n n i u s L om n n 1225 century Irish we have Loch a ; c . e a 1350 L oc hlom on d 1498 L ow m e nd 158 0 Loch L mne , . , L . , e or e u ha na n omi ni us l o 1 91 G g B c L a ns , 7 Loch Lomin ; both h h s these la st a r e t e spellings of Ga elic residents . T i “ r d r l m a n - a n r fourth fo m stan s nea er to G . o , i , a banne ” or l For fii xi n d m shie d . the common su g of the , cf. Dru m e nd fr d re m an , . G. , a ridge .

L o i t le i s i a a ss a . t (Kilsyth) . S id to be G , kne ding trough , l a r 123 applied a so to field of ich , productive land . Cf. “ ” a r Losset , ne ar Old Kilp t ick .

of i L u o for L oup F ntry . A waterfall . o p is S . leap , N li lau E hl O . . p , O . . gp .

L 8 17 L von th om ! yi ng Tom (Falkirk) . 1 . Modern corrup f a a a lua t i on l Li onthor n tion o a f rm n me , in the V Rol ,

h . a na me also a little puzzling . T e second half is prob m G. t o , a knoll .

' ddi st on P hn o 1424 l\l andi rs toun . 1610 e n t Ma ( o n t) . , c P “ ’ ” “ ’ di s un de r Ma un de r s a . A Ma to . Ma n s or vill ge good example h ow the liquids n a n d r may wholly dis a a f an d r n r ppe r. C . M e s to , Be wickshire .

1 I s on the a r r M c b i n . I hav fa e v r n . give thi utho ity of D . a a e il d in e ifyi g it

54 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

Moss a i C . S c 1 95 ndle (Slamannan) 7 . So called because “ of the fi r - stocks or pieces o f pinewood dug up in this m e ss an d for , which long have been split up and used as

little torches or candles .

Mo a unt Ger ld (Carron) . A recent name .

u c k c r oft A a M (Lennoxtown) . changed n me . 1200 Much Mun c ra th 1238 Mukra w 13 0 ukk rat , , , c . 7 M e ra ch , Much 1458 Mukra h ll kerach , t . A the old forms seem t o ” r m u e - r a h r rep esent G . t , clea ed spot for pigs r a th fort or usually means a rampart .

M o l . Si c 168 0 Anna l Ca mbr ar m ugd ck (Strathb ane) , but . . .

0 Ma e dauc Moc e tauc 1392 Mukd a ! 75 g , , oc . Prob . G . m g ’ a - da bhe i c h of , plain, field ploughed land .

h Mul lo c h or Ma o ar m u la h r T e ll ch (C ron) . G . l c , a smalle r B lm allo h h eminence , a little idge . Cf . a c , Kilsyt .

m ri lls r umm r lli s u a 1 52 unm e r M e a . M (L u ieston) . 5 M and ” r m o i n e or m am the P ob . G. , moss, , round hill , with ” a r a l r a i l oak o ks, Ir . , , an .

n a le n d an d - i a 1508 Mon ue lli s 1 52 O vi r Mu g m ll (F lkirk) . g , 5 ’ ’ hi r M n ll 1 Mun i ll m e i n - a t N e t o w e 16 0 . . e g , c . g Prob G. a i ll m f a Gh , bog , ess o the str nger .

Si c 1510 : 1691 a . My e (Buchlyvie) . E ster Mye (Drymen) “ ” m a i h m a h al Prob . G . g , locative of g , a plain . Gener ly ’ Ma 0 Ma found as y, as in Cambus y , or else as Moy.

hi ll Dunm at . My ot (Denny) . Doubtful . Cf. y

i fa ulds a a a E c nw - to N ap p e (Sl m nn n) . Fr . O. . p , a hill p . a h e na a kno bu tton cogn te wit G. and W. p , t , a , a little

a uld s e e B arli n fa ulds . hill . On f ,

N ether Gli n n s (Fintry) and Cumm i ng Gli n n s (Balfron) “ n e a nn n Gli n s looks like the locative of G. gl , a gle , h wit Eng . plur . s .

s . . e nt N ew la nd (Falkirk and Lennoxtown) . Falk N P New

la nd . l i l i h ” 1207 i n i n . 1 4 E i s e . e a a s St . N a s [ 1 7 gg , . . , G g , c urch ; 4 a i ni an i i Ki rke toune . ] 12 2 Ecclesia S ncti N de K rke

t un 1301 Ri n an . i n i a n or e e , Saint e y . Dedicated to St N f h n h Ringan o W ithorn , first k own C ristian missionary

in Scotland. THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE 55

O i Hi s . e r a h r ve nna i ndoc e ll un i . e . c i nd ch l ll G og p e Ra C , , of “ ” o hi l an n a 850 B ic. c , locative of G. ce , he d , height ; c . o Le a n li e sli abh a n hi l sli abh f c S ab Nochel, i . . , oc , G. , 1461 a hill ; c hellis. In France , near the modern of Besancon , and in two places in the W. Spain , were

- c llum hill ranges call ed by the Romans O e , evidently r a e hi l u c he l the same Celtic r oot , cognate with O.I . , W. , “ ” Ac hi l tr h e fle r A uch e lchan z i e Cri e fi high . Cf. ty, S a t p ; ,

and Glen Ogle .

’ Ofi e ra n c e 1 10 i f 1510 fle ri s (Buchlyvie) . c . 6 C frou . O . O , oi r i e nn a or near Denny . Looks like G. f , the m ss ” ff - c c 3 Old ta ti s o ering , with Eng. plur . . But the S ti a 1 a fi e r n c c l Accou n t of Callander , 179 , s ys O a e near “ ” e i r r oi nn of there is in G. , side the point .

O a k r r e s d k a n . O . E. a e ( ) y e (Slam nna ) . Thought to be fr c ,

E ac . field , acre cf . oak , O . . . This is doubtful

Pan ste a d (Grangemouth) . Prob . the site of some salt pans .

Cf . farmstead .

’ Pa rk fo ot rk h e nt i s and Pa e a d (Falkirk) . Here in P s map T he of Parck ( Callendar) .

Pe n dre i c h f a 12 P ndre i ch 1503 (Bridge o All n) . 88 e te , Pet ’ t n dr e i c h e t t a n dr e i h r y . Pict . G . p t , p i t c , c oft , farm cf

w P n dri h B an taski n . the d arf. Cf . the surname i tte g , and

s B a of th e Pe t urn (Grah mston) . So called because many 6 6 victims of the Great Plague , 1 6 , buried beside it.

i fo Pi n dfold Bri B othke nn ar A i n ld w as P n ld or dge ( ) . p fo ” r n a pend o p ou c for stra y c attle .

Pi rle hi ll u i r le a or y (Polmont) . Tautology . G . p g, a crest ” tuft .

i i L o a Ki n urn i e P rn e dge (Sl mannan) . Prob . as in p , Newtyle , “ . . a ar a u B r th fr G f , a spring , a founta in with the y oni c p .

a M i le a or be Ple u r (Kilsyth) . So called fr . a p lawsuit a f r h tween Duke o Montrose and a laird of Dunt e at .

a . 1215 a 1 45 l Ple n Pl ne , 7 P e n ; usually called the Plean , 1449 le a nd 4 h Plane ; pron . ra ther like 1215 or 17 5 t an

- d la i n like the spelling to a y . Doubtful . Possibly Eng . p ,

. la num r L p ; very likely Pictish . Sir He bert Maxwell

. le num la n n la n a a n thinks that L p , G. , and W . l , me ning

enclosure , and specially a church , are all the same root . THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

- - Po c k n ai v e A . 1483 Polknafe oll a h aw k ( irth) . G . p c , burn o f the bones .

P olc h r o of e l- a - (N. Buchanan) G. p l chre , stream with

- the circle or sheep pen .

P olla h ll c h - - o a o . . . oll a t e a lla i h (N of Buchanan) G p c , “ ” t f stream of the smithy ; in G. often so te n s into c h .

P o lm a i s e r 1 147 Polle ma se 1164 Polm (Sti ling) . , ase , 148 3

Polm ai s - Me rsc hi ale a nd Polm ai s - . l Sinclare G. p o l “ ” m a i s e a c h a , be utiful stream .

m un h 1 2 - o o . 1319 Pol t 55 1610 P lm nt , mend , c . Poum e n . a o e Loc l pron . P m n , showing that the accent must have oll m e na i dh a changed . G. p , stre m or pool on the moor r o moorland hill .

- - Pol ba l ot r . . e l a ba a i lt y g (D ymen parish) G p l g , stream ,

water with the clusters of nuts.

f 1489 a P r P o rt o Mentei th . Terr e de o t in c omi tat u “ r e r te e r ta a de Menteith . Po t is Fr . p , L . p , ga te , e n ” r w — t ance t o Menteith , hich is in Perthshire a . 1 185 1234 M n n te th M n te th 1724 M h Me ne t e d, y y , y , on tea t . ” m o i n e a i h or on Te i th G. T c , mess moor the R . . Th e or 1234 for ms seem to show Pict . Brythonic influence ;

m n nda t . m e n i t m e n e th cf . W . g y , Corn , , a moor .

f i f Pe w A . S i c 1483 P w o . e POW oul s (S . the Burn , irth) is

of . oll a the Sc . softening G p , a stre m , a muddy burn , a ” li i a a pool . Fou s or Fowl s is lso found as a place n me in “ r Fblai s e - hla i s sub Easter Ross , whe e the G. is f g , ”

our a . . Pe w stream , burn . So name is a t utology Cf

drake , Polmont .

18 17 Prove nstown Va lua ti on Roll Pr au n s t on (Balfron) . , “ ’ r n of Provan s P ove ston e . Modern corruption town “ ” r o farm .

1510 le a . Th e Q ua rr ell (Carron) . Qu rrell In Ordnance “ ” a ! ua r r e l o Survey Map, Old Qu rry Hole Q is old S . ”

for a O . Fr . ua r r i e r e m e d. a n d mid . Eng . quarry , q , dr a a a a r er . ua r r a r i a ua r i . u a r e Fr. c r i e , med . L q , q , fr q dr ,

t o square (stones) .

1519 l uar ti r Q ua rter Hous e (Dunipace) . y Q , or the ” quarter .

S i c . 1610 . Also n W es t Q u a rter (Falkirk) . c near Buchana

church . THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE 57

u n zi u rn 0 G o n 1694 18 17 Q e e eb (Kilsyth) . c . 161 y y , Guiny , “ ” u nz rn a i n a o i n e Q e i e bu . Prob . G. c o , c , gentle , which r r the bu n , for the most pa t , is .

u i n l c h c a e i n a s Q o (Strathblane) . Prob . also fr . G . , above .

n d fo rd a a n d h . h . Ra y (F lkirk , near t e source of the R Endric ) Fal 1508 andi furd a . R . R . Down to it, in F lkirk , led the Rand a t ne w r r a nd a m yg e , Ke se Lane . Here y c nnot ean course o r rude that is a derived sense not fou nd till r f r a n doun 1698 . It seems to be a we a kened fo m o , in a 1375 r B rbour, c . , and even earlier (the same wo d as ” r a nd om m a or r a/ n ) , e ning a swift course flight , fr . Fr .

don r for c of . And , the swiftness o e a violent stream “

o r d a n . f must h ve its obsolete se se of brook , burn , cf ' “ ” n d d 19 . Thus Ra ylor is swift violent burn (there is no and Randyga t e is re a d with the swift ” d or steep descent . Also see Rumfor .

‘ Th e Ra o r S i c 1329 1361 Ra lac h pl ch (Sti ling) . , but p , and s r a a a c b a still o pron . G . p l h, noisy, ustling , br wling , r a a l fr. p , noise .

Ra shi e dru m r a (Denny) . Prob . a hybrid ; fr . Sc . shg, “

r i she r us he E. r i s c e r i se rushy , fr. M. E . , c , O. , c , a “ dr ui m a - m rush , and G . , hill ridge . If the na e had

h B r a i m r a a c h - been all G . it would ave been s , hill ridge h ” covered with s rubs .

Rash i e h i ll 1610 R sshi (Slamannan and Fintry) . Slam . R . c . a

hill . See above .

R i i c 1610 Re ddi n m u i rh e ad . edd ng (Polmont) . S c . ; also g a 8 71 Re a di n as Doubtful . Possibly, like Re ding , Berks, g , ” di nc h e i e . called after some fa mily . But of. Re , . , red ” “ ” r 1 195 o f looking peninsula o pastureland , name in on h r Polm ai se a 1464 the peninsula t e Fo th , E . of ; lso “ ” “ ” Re ddi n i s 1530 e di n hi ll A r 1609 g , R g , y shire , Round ” redding, Dumbarton , and Redden, Sprouston .

Re d e tt w t Y . y (Kip pen) . Red gate , cf . La ye t , also etholm

h m te n h e Rou c u a 1 Roc m ut . . (Du ip ce) . c . 16 0 Perh . G “ ” r ud d h m a t - , red looking , short , stumpy thing .

Rou h c as tle i c 1 26 1697 g (Bonnybridge) . S 7 , but Castle f Ru f ; the previous history of the name is unknown . m But here was a Ro a n fort .

u s k n a ch a e a n na c h R o e (N . of Buchanan) . G . r uth sg , star ” a ing , gl ring point . 58 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

w Ro a a . . ha r i rden n n (L Lomond) G. r ut (p on . r ua ) a r d “ ” E nn a i n E unan s n , high point , promontory of St . , y c o a of Adamnan A p ted form , bbot of Iona . Row here as Row in , Dumbarton, must be pron . ru . Not far away is Rowch oi sh or r utha na oi e r , c s , promonto y a t the foot of l G 3 r the hil . In . , ve y often becomes s h, as here .

Rui c h n e u c h R a - i ( owardenn n) . Perh . G. r utha na h e ghe, ” r or oi n t e u h promonto y p of the shriek , the cry, G . g .

Rulz i e Ro i s a r o i le a c h or ll e (Dunip ce) . Perh . G. l , place ” a r e i ll abounding in d rnel , G . e .

R fo d um rd (Polmont) . Ran yford farm is certainly a om furd R e i t r e a t e a 1508 once c lled R y e (see g s . G S l for a nd a r a nd cu ious unexplained a lteration . It may be conj ectured tha t the latter name must have been a a tr nsferred to what we now call Rumford, a pl ce which ’ seems to have no history . It is not i n Thomson s map,

18 17- 1820 r m furde . The burn he e looks small ; but Ro y r r should mea n oomy ford or wide st eam (see p . “ i n f n Cf . Romford , Essex , and Rom c ofa , Rum c o a , wide , ” O E form s roomy cove , . . of Runcorn .

S alloch 1350 sa a h y (L . Lomond) . c . Salla chy . G . l c , dirty ,

with the Eng. diminutive .

a tte rh i ll a urll i . S (Slamannan) . 18 17 S t ll. Evidently N se c to r a a r r a , summer f m , a hill da i y f rm . Cf . Dalsetter,

Lerwick .

i 2 l h oc 1451 S auch e (Dunipace) . [Sauchie, Alloa , 1 08 Sa e c . ]

Li ti ll alc h 1610 a Sa le c hoc ar . for S y, c . S chy . is e ly Eng “ - a u h o willow haugh . S g is still the Sc . for will w ha u h o and g is a meadow r pasture by a river.

’ i o r k i lli a n ow a s a i le a n - a S cull n o S g (C mpsie) . Perh . G. g ” hobha a f e w or g , rbour (lit . shade) o the g smith.

i h olm l a the S egg e (Kil e rn) . Seggie is prob . connected with

sa a nd ho m e O . E . he lm vb . g, to sink in the middle l is ,

he lm - r a a a a a r Icel . , small isl nd , lso me dow near a rive ,

such as might be surrounded or covered in time of flood.

i a Pe nt . s i the an Sh n (Balfron) . Shyen . Prob. G , pron “ ’ ” e a a sh ean , f iries knell .

lbra r d h i ldhi ll a r . S hi e e (W. of Bannockbu n) a n S e (F lki k) “ “ ” 61 h lh i ll or . c . 1 0 S e e . Sheltering brae hill , fr. Icel '

- lc o l ha ll l s lc old r hi d. r a e s j , O .N . s , a she ter , Icel . j , a s el B br a E br a z w or of is O .N . , O . . , eyelid eyebrow , brow a hill THE PLACE NAMES O F STIRLIN GSHIRE 59

f a n e w Shi ppy Trouty (Dunipace) . Name o plantation , hopelessly cor rupted ; and unfortunately there is no ma trace of the name in the Ca llendar charters . One y “ s i oba t r e uda i c he a of guess , G. , long , n rrow field the r cowhe d .

i lc E i c 1817 . . s i lec s e O . . s S nk (Plean) . Sike Sc , y ( , a water a course , a runnel) is a small rill , a m rshy hollow with a

a an d s i n k Se . h stream or stre ms , a ditch ; in and Nort h as a m a n Eng . much the s me e ni gs .

k a i th m u i r rr nshore A B lai rska i th S (Ca o ) . hybrid . Cf .

Ca rm ui rs .

ke é h 1317 ke w ok 1329 Ske o ch (Bannockburn) . Pron . S g . S , h 610 k och s i th e a c h Skeoc , c . 1 S y . G . g , the blackthorn . i k Ki l a rn a At Cf. R . Sk ac , te , and Skeoch Hill , M uchline . the Stirling Skeoch there used to be a chapel dedicated to the Vir gin ; so some would der ive the na me fr om an a a a c awa ch i or unidentifi ble s int c lled Skeoch , S e , Skay . ’ ’ k h s r ka s r - Cf . St . S e oc o St . S y bu ying ground , at Craig,

Forfarshire .

n fl a t o a a a r s Sk i s (Grangem uth) . No tr ce here of t nne y ; o ” la i h c e i thi n ts . e per . fr . G . s , a bush . F , . , meadows , ffi a arron fla t s Mi llflats is a common su x here bouts , C , , ’ m oothfl t &c s hbn Pla te S a s , . To derive fr . Ger . c , beau ” tiful place , seems absurd .

r i st o c k 610 l h i k le c Sla c k (Denny) . c . 1 S e c ry sto . Prob . G . s

r i a s a c h s s le c h a . g , mar hy hollow , , a ditc , hollow , a dell

l fa r u h ar 1610 Sle farc ha rr . . sli abh S a q (N . of Kilsyth) . c . G “ ” h e a r c ha i r of F , hill or moor Farquhar .

a a a . Si c 145 hr n ona 1 1 Sl m n n n 7, but C o . I ann . 7 Campus 1250 l h m a ni n i 8 th a Manenu , S e t , century pron . Sl yman “ ” sli a bh Ma na i n n - a nan . G . , moor , hill face of Man n , a a the M n nnan Mac Lir of Irish legend . Cf . Clackmanna n d m nn a n Cre a a n .

n abh e ad a i v n n b S (B nnockburn and Mu ra o ) . Dan . s e , Sc . ” n e b a ll , a be k . Cf . Snab Hill , Ke s .

n ai d R. Lome nd a a d S (L . ) . G . and Ir. sn th , a needle .

ro Aon a i c h L ome nd G on S n (L ) . . , point (nose) the moor

land height .

Stan dalan e (farm near Falkirk) .

bu rn S tan d (Avonbridge) and Sta n d ri gg (Polmont Station) .

Doubtful . THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

o s a nd Sten h ou se m u i r 1200 Stenh u e (Larbert) . c Stan

e . ron ni s m a n a h ns Local p . Sta are . St h s is O . E. for ’ stone house . Cf . Arthur s Oon .

Ste rri u a a fi l r q (C mpsie) . Dif cult through lack of o d fo ms . tur r a It looks like G . s a c h c th, rugged , uneven battle ” or field battle .

i i . a 1124 ri ve li n 122 Sti rle n . 1250 Estri ue li n St rl ng . St , 5 y , c , 1295 Estr e e l 4 ri i li n e 1470 6 v yn, 1 55 St v g , . Sterling , 1 82 “ Stri v 1 e li ne . st r e e n V W. y F ly , dwelling of elyu , as

of e n . a a pirated form M ly , prob the s me n me as is found in a r e t 1090 Dunfermline , whose earliest spelling (T g , c . ) is “ D umfe rm e l n i e dun - a r - e i n y , . . , G . fi M lg , crooked , slant ” of or ing hill Melyn . But who was he Melin Meling o an d in later S . a lwa ys becomes Melvin then Melville . ” . e l n B an k f li n a W f y (cf . y e , Carm rthen) means yellow ,

and it occurs in its aspirated form in Melyn llyn , Lan r wst e li n a a ; but M in our Sc . n mes must be person , as a it is h rdly permissible t o postulate a W. adj ective in a r a S rui thla Fifeshire name . The mode n G. n me is , but , Pa sli m a a like g , od. G . for Paisley , it seems to be n me of yesterday, given by men who had no proper connection r with the B ythonic founders of these towns , and carry ing as little authority or weight as the meaningless m e d rui hla . G . name of Callander (see Preface p . viii) . S t

simply cannot ha ve been the origina l form . We possess of 12 f scores th century spellings o the name , while Gaelic was still spoken in Stirling ; m any from Ca mbuske n n e th A of bbey, under the very shadow the Rock . These a or a c h a sp ellings never contain a final , but lways an ’ - i a - or gn ; and the n cannot be the scribe s flourish , as L o n n in gy for Logie , because the is persistent , and n n a always remained in the pron . as or g, which ’ “ ” Srui thla c on scribe s trick never does . Moreover,

- r tains no explanation of the ancient and long persistent . Sr ui a thla is thought to have the same base s G .

s r ath r uthan a . , a stream , s , a stre mlet , and prob was

- r i h a . c h at first S ii t lach , locative fr which the would ‘ r hl a disappear . No tra ce of S ui t a a ppe rs in any ancient 2 a 100 B e r c han a Sruth document . We do find . 1 in St . i o of l nn n Tay, which looks very like a Gaelic imitation our r B ythonic name .

i i s i 4 a a ull ri ueli n schi re . S t rl ng h re . 1 16 P p l B St g

1 W s a s n so n s r so ds . In el h i gle f u d , f un f ’ ‘ ‘3 ’ h n Li smor e s B ook . 161 E But who was D uncan a Sruthle e in t e D ea of , p

62 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

a . Ti gg e t sh e u gh or Ti c k e tsh e u gh (Dunip ce) . Pron Tig h ii h a r a a g e ts g . Bec use forme ly roadside inn , s id to be

ti h 1m d e oc h . di bhe corruption of G. g (proper gen ) , “ ” r . h ouse of the d ink , which is very doubtful The “ ” t e i c h e a c hd a first pa rt may be G . , retreating , a flight ,

and . and the second is almost certainly the Sc . Ir “ eu h s hu h sh e u h r s h g , g , c (not in good a fu row , ” r Dr umshe u h ditch , drain , o small ravine , as in g , Edin

burgh .

r i a of on Ti p p e t c a g (Bonnybridge) . N me a farm perched

i tk now e . the top of a cra g . Cf . Tap p , Denny

nh m ui r Ti tw ood w Ti tlan dhi ll (Ste ouse ) . Prob . like , Glasgo , ” d a n W tw t r . w o . O . . 1513 Tyt y , fr or Celtic , ising ground ” e br ai d 1510 a . Cf. Tut , , ne r Denny

‘ ’ a a buchts of a . To dsbu gh ts (Slam nn n) . The man Tod

buc hts bow ht - a Sc . or g is a sheep pen , especi lly for con

- B uc ht s . fining ewes at milking time . Cf. , Kilsyth

1610 Tom ra w r . t om Tom r a w e r (Kilsyth) . c . y . Perh . G ” r d Raw ards r ci i th Zi i , hillock with the high fort . Cf . y , Tom a las Airdrie , and g , Drymen .

n t om twi n l a Tom tai (Kilsyth) . G. , kno l of the c ttle or “ flocks .

t o r r Ai bhn e r on . . To av (Polmont) G ( ) , fort , tower , or hill ” A or Abh i nn on the river von , u .

Si c 1562 t ow br e a Torbr ex (Stirling) . . G. c , speckled , ” “ ” r ac mottled tower o hill . The comes fr. adding the s 0 Cromli x Eng . plur. to the . Cf. .

i o r o f Ca s . . t r a n Torra nce mp e Prob . G , a little mound, ” s a knoll , with Eng . plur . , corrupted or improved into f a f a 0 6 . O . W ter o Torrance, Drumbl de .

oo . r n 4 To rw d (Larbert) Hybrid ; o igi ally pure G c . 1 1 0 ’

Ke ltor i . e . i ll a n tor r a of r , , co , wood the tower, fort , o ” hill .

or To Hi s 1329 To uch ugh ll (Stirling) . Tuleh . Tautology . “ A r Same as Tough, lfo d (pron . toogh) , c . 1550 Tulino “ ” or 1665 Tow c h . tu la h Tough , ; G c , a hill , a mound . r Tou h orum 1368 Tulc h orm e There are two fa ms , g g , g , “ ” a 1 5 0 Tulk orm e o r m . 0 g , fr . G . g , green ; and Tough 1368 Tulchmal r mala i r mollar, e , fr . G . , a merchant, a

renter. THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE 63

Tr m i n au h of A . so . a p gh g (Bridge llan) . Perh called fr a field used for washing and tr amping blankets i n Scots 11 ha u h A ot h h fashion . O g , see bb s aug .

Tri e n be Si c 1691 t r i a n be a l g (Drymen) . . G. g, ittle third ” part or portion .

Tu i bod A a s e e m ll y (S . llo ) . The old charters to imply that a there was such a place S . as well s N . of the Forth , a1 A a — 1163 Tulibode vi n 1 164 Tul be thw n e 1 195 n e llo , y y ,

- ul h u n e u n e 1200 Tullibo e n e . . T ybot e y , y , c . y Prob . G a i bl e h1ll c k tula ch both wd ) , o with the house by the ’ ’ a bha i n n a d - river, . The h rd in body is found in the a — c 14 earliest for m of the northern pla ce lso . 1 7 Dun i m h o i n c 1 1 0 D umbode n um . . d . b de u , . 5 , fr G , a ill

a a Vello re (Polmont) . House built and n med by military of e llor e officer who had been present at the siege V ,

1780 of 18 17 . B lai r oe r Madras, in ; in map But , Drymen , ” dha r . is fr . G . o , grey

r lla c s ton e i o W alla c e i gg and W a e (Polmont) . R gg is S . ” Darn ri . a for ridge , cf . g The stone commemor ting ’ a 12 a Sir William Wa llace s b ttle of Falkirk , 98 , w s erected 18 10 f in in place o an older slab .

i l n Ta avalla Walls de (Came o ) . On the Roman Wall . Cf. y ,

beside it .

a ll t l w a ll W s a e (Bannockburn) . Place with the well, Sc . , E w e ll w e lla a nd E s teel s te a ll O . . , , O . . , , a place , then a ” a - stall in a stable . There is well known well here .

W altr bu rn n1 i 1 W l r urn . y (0 a p s e ) . 817 a t e eb . Doubtful

W at ersla A A s la p ( irth) . p is Sc . for a gap, a gap in a ” or of la sla s fence , between two hills , . C y p , Stirling , Ki rksla a n p , Denny , d Cauldstane Slap or Slack , Lyne .

i Ha i s di n . 1 10 Weed ng ll (Polmont) . 1602 We g s , c 6 Weeg

ings . Like so many of the seemingly Eng . names around

Polmont doubtful through lack of evidence . It may be ’

a m a . w e od du n the s me as Weedon , Rugby , and y be 0 . E ,

- r e weed cove ed hill . We g is Sc . for the kittiwake or a se gull , but the spelling in Pout is prob . a mistake

a l n ud mh Wh m Glen (Ki syth) . U asp h a t e d f0 1 m of G. , a ” Uam v cave , as in ar and Wemyss . 64 THE PLACE NAMES OF STIRLINGSHIRE

n dfor d a a a W y (C stlec ry) . A passing pl ce for boats on the a nd w i nd Canal , said to be where they or turn round . so r d This may be , if the name is modern . But fo must ” of here have its now obsolete meaning burn or brook , “ r as there is no ford in the mode n sense .

00 a a The above List contains over 5 n mes , of which , p 302 a 41 9 proximately, are G elic , 1 English , of other lan 30 an d 2 ll i hill guages , hybrids, 1 doubtful , viz . , Aw e s , B abb t , Do hi lloc k Gar t c w s r Bonny , g , Forth , Garden , o , Goga , Gunner Hookne Ki lwi nne t h Shaw, y, Indians , , Kitty Frist Well, Let am , M o hill h k Lying Tom , Manuel , y t , Plean , Shippy Trouty , T ros , l rn and Wa trybu .

A ADDEND .

h r i e . or ( ti tlzr i n a a c on Ai rt else fr. , sh rp point , a an Ai h fli c t . There is t ry , N . of Fintry .

- o . a s 0 11 B a nt n But, the accent is the ton , it may be , ’ B a n kn oc k ba i l a n ( lai n a e like , a contraction of G . , vill g ” on the hill .

i a 1 00 m a 1210 a Ca mp s e . . 3 Ca sy, but alre dy c . C mpsy

Ke rse broc k Ca rbr ook . Cf. , two miles to the east .

a a obu C a s tle Ra nki n e . It is s id to be ca lled after a J c s lce i n a of o h d e Rani g, in the d ys King R bert the Bruce , t e S a and a first of that name in cotl nd, possibly Fleming.

l i r ftal i ne r C rofta p e is C o p in the 0 rd . Su vey Map .

h a nd ri blo c h Gri bbo c . Delete what is there given , read , G “ ” r i b h (Kippen) . Prob . fr. G. g , dirt , filt . ! A T B T INDE OF PL CES REFERRED O, U NOT A A SEPAR TE HEADING .

Row choi sh Sourgrass South Steal ’ St . Maha s Well Croi tlachlan Strone Macnair Cumming Gli nns Stuc a Bhui c Tap p i tknowe Ti thfaulds Gyle Burn Tom aglas Hartsm ai li ng and Tut ebrai d vi e smaili ng West Quarter Burn Hollings

a John s t on , J me s Br own The pl a ce name s of S l t i r i n gshi r e 2d e d .

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