Happiness and Utility photo: Alex Rosen photo: Frederick Rosen Happiness and Utility Essays Presented to Frederick Rosen Edited by Georgios Varouxakis and Mark Philp First published in 2019 by UCL Press University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT Available to download free: www.uclpress.co.uk Text © the authors, 2019 Collection © Georgios Varouxakis and Mark Philp The authors and editors have asserted their rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as the authors of this work. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from The British Library. This book is published under a Creative Commons 4.0 International licence (CC BY 4.0). This licence allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Varouxakis, Georgios and Philp, Mark (eds.) 2019. Happiness and Utility: Essays Presented to Frederick Rosen. London: UCL Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.9781787350489 Further details about Creative Commons licences are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Any third-party material in this book is published under the book’s Creative Commons licence unless indicated otherwise in the credit line to the material. If you would like to re-use any third-party material not covered by the book’s Creative Commons licence, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. ISBN: 978-1-78735-050-2 (Hbk) ISBN: 978-1-78735-049-6 (Pbk) ISBN: 978-1-78735-048-9 (PDF) ISBN: 978-1-78735-051-9 (epub) ISBN: 978-1-78735-052-6 (mobi) ISBN: 978-1-78735-053-3 (html) DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.9781787350489 Contents List of contributors vii Acknowledgements xiv 1. Introduction: Happiness, Utility and the Republic of Letters 1 Mark Philp and Georgios Varouxakis 2. Happiness and Interests in Politics: A Late-Enlightenment Debate 20 Emmanuelle de Champs 3. Jeremy Bentham and the Spanish Constitution of 1812 40 Philip Schofield 4. Scepticism and Epicureanism: From David Hume to J. S. Mill 59 James Moore 5. Bentham on ‘Hume’s Virtues’ 81 José L. Tasset 6. Shaftesbury, Hutcheson and Mill on Pleasure and Virtue 98 Roger Crisp 7. ‘The First Article to Look to is Power’: Bentham, Happiness and the Capability Approach 118 Michael Quinn 8. Jeremy Bentham and President Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms 143 Manuel Escamilla-Castillo v 9. James Mill on Happiness 161 Antis Loizides 10. Bentham, Mill, Stoicism and Higher Pleasures 184 Jonathan Riley 11. Individualist and Totalizing Ethical Thinking in Mill’s Utilitarianism 207 John Charvet 12. Mill and Democracy: Taking William Buckley Seriously 225 Alan Ryan 13. John Stuart Mill and the Jewish Question: Broadening the Utilitarian Maximand 246 Samuel Hollander 14. The Failure of Planned Happiness: The Rise and Fall of British Home Colonies 269 Barbara Arneil 15. Making Better Sense of Ideal Utilitarianism 289 David Weinstein Index 313 vi HAPPINESS AND UTILITY List of contributors Barbara Arneil is Professor of Political Science at the University of Brit- ish Columbia. She works on identity politics and the history of political thought. As the author of John Locke and America (Oxford University Press, 1996) and many related articles, she has a specialization in the intersection between liberalism and colonialism. She is also interested in gender and political theory, and has published Feminism and Politics (Blackwell, 1999; translated into Chinese – Oriental Press, 2005). In it she examines how gender shapes the definition and scope of ‘politics’. She has also written a critique of social capital from the perspective of inclusive justice, entitled Diverse Communities: The Problem with Social Capital (Cambridge University Press, 2006) and has published a co-ed- ited anthology entitled Sexual Justice/Cultural Justice (Routledge, 2006). Her most recent work is in the areas of social trust and diversity, global citizenship and cosmopolitanism, the role of disability in political the- ory and domestic colonies. She has recently published a co-edited book entitled Disability and Political Theory with Cambridge University Press, 2016, and Domestic Colonies: The Colonial Turn Inward, Oxford University Press, 2017. Scholarly recognition includes the Harrison Prize (UK Polit- ical Studies Association award for the best article published in Political Studies) and a Rockefeller Foundation Residential Fellowship in Bellagio, Italy; she was also shortlisted for the 2008 C. B. Macpherson Prize (Cana- dian Political Science Association award for the best book published in Political Theory) and received a UBC Peter Wall Early Career Scholar- ship, a UBC Killam Research Prize, the 2018 C. B. Macpherson Prize and was co-winner of the 2018 David Easton Award (American Political Sci- ence Association Foundations of Political Theory book award). Emmanuelle de Champs is Professor of British History and Civilization at Université de Cergy-Pontoise. During the academic year 2017–2018 she was Senior COFUND Research Fellow at the Max-Weber-Kolleg, vii Universität Erfurt. She is a specialist in Bentham’s utilitarianism and has published several books and articles on intellectual history, including Enlightenment and Utility: Bentham in French, Bentham in France (‘Ideas in Context’ series, Cambridge University Press, 2015). She has co-edited, with Jean-Pierre Cléro, Bentham et la France: Fortunes et Infortunes de l’Utilitarisme (SVEC, 2009). Her recent work focuses on the late-Enlightenment context in which English utilitarianism emerged. John Charvet is Professor Emeritus in Political Science at the London School of Economics, UK, where he taught political philosophy and its history for many years. He is the author of many books, including A Critique of Freedom and Equality (Cambridge University Press, 1981), The Social Problem in the Philosophy of Rousseau (Cambridge University Press, 1974), The Liberal Project and Human Rights (Cambridge University Press, 2008; with Elisa Kaczynska-Nay), The Nature and Limits of Human Equality (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), The Idea of an Ethical Community (Cornell University Press, 1995) and Feminism (Dent, 1982), as well as many papers on political theory. Roger Crisp is Uehiro Fellow in Philosophy at St Anne’s College, Oxford, Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Oxford , and Professorial Fellow at the Institute of Philosophy, Australian Catholic University. He has written on meta-ethics (on the nature of ethics, its epistemology and its metaphysics), normative ethics (especially on utilitarianism and vir- tue ethics) and applied ethics (especially medical ethics, environmental ethics and business ethics). He chairs the Management Committee of the Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics. His published work includes: The Cosmos of Duty: Henry Sidgwick’s Methods of Ethics (Oxford University Press, 2015), Reasons and the Good (Oxford University Press, 2006), a translation of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics (Cambridge University Press, 2000) and the Routledge Guidebook to Mill on Utilitarianism (Routledge, 1997). He was a Leverhulme Major Research Fellow in 2003–2005, and in 2010–2011 he was John Findlay Visiting Professor in Philosophy at Boston University. In 2015–2016, he was awarded a British Academy Thank-Offering to Britain Fellowship, funded by the Association of Jewish Refugees, for work on the history of British moral philosophy. Manuel Escamilla-Castillo, PhD, Law (University of Granada) and Profesor Titular in Legal and Political Philosophy, is currently Head of the Department of Legal Philosophy at the University of Granada, Spain. He holds the Francisco Suárez Chair of Human Rights and Citizenship, and viii HAPPINESS AND UTILITY is Director of the academic journal Anales de la Cátedra Francisco Suárez. His latest book is Bentham (RBA, Barcelona, 2017), translated into French (Bentham, Le Monde, Paris, 2017) and Italian (Bentham, RBA, Milano, 2017). Thanks to several leaves and grants from the Spanish Ministry of Education he has taken sabbatical semesters invited by Professor H. L. A. Hart (1981), Professor Sir Neil MacCormick (1988) and Professor Fred Rosen (1995). He was an invited lecturer in the universities of Caen, Westminster, Wyoming, Valencia, Essex, Paris 2, Panthéon-Sorbonne (Doctoral Commission), and Karlova in Prague. He is the Vice-President of the Ibero-American Society of Utilitarian Studies. Samuel Hollander is University Professor Emeritus at the University of Toronto, Canada, where he served on the faculty from 1963 to 1998. An Officer of the Order of Canada, Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and Fellow of the Canadian Economics Association, Professor Hollander holds an honorary Doctorate of Laws from McMaster University, Ontario, Canada, and was a Research Director at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, 1999–2000. Hollander is one of the most influential and controversial living authors on the History of Economic Thought, especially on classical economics. His monumental studies of Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus and John Stuart Mill have provoked some sharp reactions, especially his ‘new view’ of David Ricardo as a direct predecessor of later neoclassical economists such as Marshall and Walras, which has triggered heated debates. Antis Loizides is Lecturer in Political Theory in the Department