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Intermediate Coursebook Language Leader is a general adult course that provides a thought-provoking and purposeful approach to learning English. With its engaging content and systematic skills work, it is the ideal course for students who want to express their ideas and develop their communicative abilities. It includes: • Motivating and informative texts which improve reading and listening skills • Scenario lessons that focus on key language and work towards a final communicative task. • Systematic grammar and vocabulary practice with extensive recycling and frequent review units • A strong focus on study skills encouraging independent learning • A stimulating and comprehensive writing syllabus INTERMEDIATE Other components: • Workbook with Audio CD Language • Class Audio CD • Teacher’s book with Test Master CD-ROM • Companion Website: www.pearsonlongman.com/languageleader • We recommend the Longman Active Study Dictionary for use with LEADER this course COURSEBOOK and CD-ROM David Cotton David Falvey Simon Kent 9.1 9 Engineering 2b Choose the most suitable heading for each 5b Complete the sentences with an appropriate paragraph. combination from Exercise 5a. The first letter of the In this unit 9.1 F R O M E N G I NE S T O E N gi NEER S a) Engineers’ contribution to society noun is given. 1 Following the accident engineers had to do a lot Grammar b) Origin and definition of engineer of safety tests before the machine could be used ■ the passive c) Women in engineering ■ again. articles d) Engineering and science 2 After a long period of failure, they an Vocabulary e) Types of engineers important b . ■ word combinations ■ words from the text 2c Match these inventions with the type of 3 They an imaginative s to the problem after working with models in the test lab. Scenario engineering field mentioned in the text. ■ The Sky-High project 1 roads 4 microchips 4 One part of the engineering process is to a smaller working m before moving on to a 2 aircraft 5 heart pacemaker Study skills full‑size or production version. ■ preparing for a talk 3 a washing machine 5 It can take a long time to fully a complicated Writing skills roads – civil engineering t before putting it into practice. ■ describing a process 6 The whole team had to a lot of careful r LI ste NING into the causes of the problem. 7 In the end we were able to the most serious 3a 2.10 Lindsey Barone is one of the few women p . engineers in a high position. Listen to the interview. 8 On many engineering projects there is great What type of engineering has she worked in? pressure to strict d . A scientist can discover a new star but he cannot make one. 3b Listen again and correct the statements. He would have to ask an engineer to do it for him. 1 She started her career in a car manufacturing S P E AKING Gordon L Clegg, US engineer company. R E ADING Work with a partner. Look at the list of some 2 She worked on military aircraft before her 6 great engineering achievements and do the present job. 1 What do engineers do? Do you know any? What 2a Look at the text. Where do you think it comes following. different types are there? from? Who is it aimed at? 3 At present she spends most of her time doing tests. 1 Add one more achievement to each category. 4 She likes engineering because it’s well paid. 2 Decide which is the greatest engineering 4 Work with a partner to discuss the following. achievement in each category. A Man’s World? 1 What did you find most interesting about the interview with Lindsey Barone? around the house 2 Would you like to have her job? Why / Why not? the refrigerator, the microwave oven, When you the vacuum cleaner hear the word 3 Why do you think there are fewer female engineers engineer, do you 1 than male engineers? getting around Engineers find solutions to problems that are think of someone 4 Should there be more women in engineering? important to society. They control and prevent the railway engine, the jet airliner, who is a) male?, Why / Why not? pollution, develop new medicines, create advanced the automobile/car b) boring? or technologies and help explore new worlds. medicine/health c) dirty? Or all They make the world a cleaner, safer, healthier 4 VO C A B U L ARY: word combinations contact lenses, the thermometer, three? Well, place by inventing, building and improving all There are all sorts of opportunities in a variety of time to think sorts of things from microchips to household engineering fields such as aerospace, biomedical, laser surgery a Match the verbs with the most appropriate again. Engineers appliances, from skyscrapers to spacecraft. civil, mechanical and computer engineering. 5 entertainment 2 Engineers work alone or in teams, and in all words and phrases. are the people radio, television, compact discs who make our Interestingly, the word engineer does not come sorts of locations such as offices, factories, 1 find a) safety tests from the word engine. In fact it comes from research labs, outdoors, and even outer space! everyday lives 2 solve b) a breakthrough construction easier. How many the Latin word ingeniosus meaning skilled. An 5 the pyramids, the Eiffel Tower, engineer is really a clever, practical problem solver. Engineering has often been seen as a male 3 do c) a problem of the modern the Panama Canal Although the fields of engineering and science profession. For example, only 9 percent of US world’s greatest 4 build d) deadlines are connected, there are also differences. engineers are women, while in the UK it is just over engineering 3 8 percent. However, there is no reason for this: 5 do e) a theory achievements will While a scientist will ask why a problem occurs or engineers are simply talented people. In fact research 6 make f) some research WRI T ING you use today? A happens, an engineer will want to know how to solve shows that women make the best problem solvers. 7 test g) a model/prototype car, a computer, the problem. As one writer once said: scientists build in So now is the time for women to engineer the future. a telephone? order to learn, whereas engineers learn in order to build. Break the stereotype. Build a career. Sign up today! 8 meet h) a solution 7 Write a short paragraph about what you think is the greatest engineering achievement. 90 UNIT 9 Engineering Engineering UNIT 9 91 9.2 S U R viv A L E N gi NEER I N G S U R viv A L E N gi NEER I N G 9.2 3 Find the following in the article. 7a Complete the email with the present perfect 1 a verb that means ‘to make something move in a active or passive of the verbs in brackets. How to avoid asteroids different direction’ 7b Find three other examples of the passive in the 2 four nouns which refer to things in space which memo. What tense are they in? colliding with the Earth could hit the earth 3 the noun from the verb collide which means ‘when DULIP SINGH ■ SCIENCE CORRESPONDENT a moving object hits another violently’ 4 nouns in the article that mean: a) the risk of something bad happening Assistant Head of Engineering Most scientists agree that the threat of a large yet been discovered. A further cause for concern is (paragraph 1) All engineering staff asteroid or meteor hitting the Earth is real, that 30 percent of the sky hasn’t been surveyed. X3000 engine although they cannot predict when such an A research project has just been set up by the b) the force with which one object hits another event will occur. EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research (para. 3) Our company 1 (invest) a lot of money in Council) to track asteroids on a collision course c) severe and widespread damage or destruction the X3000 engine. Tests on the new engine 2 THE EARTH has been struck many times in the past with the Earth. Computer simulations will be used to (para. 3) (finally/complete). Unfortunately, the results by large objects. A meteorite, estimated to be about work out the feasibility of changing the direction of 3 (show) to be invalid. 12 kilometres in diameter, collided with the earth in asteroids, using methods proposed by engineers. One This 4 (happen) for a number of reasons. the region of the Yucatan Peninsula (now Mexico) such method involves giant mirrors floating in space G RA mm AR: the passive Firstly, the correct testing procedure was not 65 million years ago. Many scientists and historians which could melt the surface of an asteroid and change followed. Secondly, systems were not checked. believe that the extinction of the dinosaurs and other its course. Another method is to use brute force, such 4a Look at the article and find all the examples of Finally, most of the information was deleted from animals was a result of this collision. More recently, as smashing a rocket into the asteroid to deflect it. The the passive you can. the computer files. an asteroid the size of three football fields (300 rocket would not physically push the asteroid away The Head of Research 5 (suspend) and metres wide) passed close to the Earth, just twice the but would use the collision to make a hole in the rock, 4b Match the sentences you have found with these funding for research next year 6 (not/ distance to the Moon.
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