ovember, 1922 Price 25 cents

Official Medium for Service Bulletins of the National Broadcasters' Lea e. RADIO AGE INSTITUTE

To insure 100% value to readers of advertise­ ments, as well as 100% value to the advertisers themselves, radio equipment is now being tested and indorsed by the RADIO AGE INSTITUTE 64 WEST RANDOLPH STREET CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

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~------I I The Time Has Come to RADIO AGE Stop Kidding The Magazine of the Hour Ourselves WE ask broadcasters, owners of receiving sets, and manufa<;:~ur­ Volume 1 Number 6 ers of radio equipment to give their earnest attention to the contents of CONTENTS this number of RADIO AGE. More PAGE than 500 broadcasting stations in the Broadcasters Form National League ______.. _ .. ______3 United States are beginning to won­ How to Add One Step of Radio and One Step ~of der where and when they will get a Audio Frequency to the Reinartz TuneL.______5 return on their heavy investment. - - By FRANK D. PEARNE All these stations are confronted with

Photo-Electric Detector Tubes ... _____ ...... _._ ..... __ .. 0 _____ ._ 7 the additional problem of interference l By H. A. BROWN AND DR. C. T. KNIPP III the air, III many localities this Design of a Portable Short-Wave Radio Wave- meter ._._. ______---. ______. ___ .______9 interference being persistent enough By BUREAU OF STANDARDS EXPERTS to practically nullify all efforts at Radio Frequency Amplification______10 transmission. Manufacturers of radio By CHARLES KILGOUR equipment are beginning to wonder How to Construct a Good Reinartz SeL______11 where they will find a market for Public Education in Radio Urged______15 their goods if broadcasting becomes By GEORGE R. HOLMES sO disorganized that the fan will have Tube Set Operates Across Atlantic______16 no incentive to continue listening in. Thought Waves From the Editorial ToweL.______17 This brings up the question as to By FREDERICK SMITH the attitude and the rights of the News of the Broadcasters______19 hundreds of thousands of radio en­ With the Radio Trade ____ . ______·____ 21 thusiasts who have invested millions Pick-UpIRecords by Our Readers ______. ______22 of dollars III radiophone receiving Questions and Answers______23 outfits. They bought their receiving New Broadcasting Stations ______. ______29~32 sets on the presumption that satis­ factory broadcasting was to be main­ tained. Radio is on trial before t he Amer­ RADIO AGE is published monthly by RADIO AGE, I NC. Ican public. Broadcasters have formed a National League and are Pu blication office, Mount Morris, Ill. preparing to meet the situation. Editorial and Advertising Offices, Garrick Building, 64 W. Meanwhile needed legislation is tabled Randolph St., Chicago. in Washington. Owners of stations FREDERICK SMITH, Editor are forced to consider the possibility FRANK D. PEARNE, Technical Editor that a monopoly will strive t o t a ke M. B. SMITH, Business Manager Mid- West Advertising Representatives: broadcasting service off their hands. YOUNG & WARD Radio business has not come back 308 North Michigan Avenue, Chi cago, Ill. as it was expected to do. Eastern Representative: GEO. W. STEARNS We a re printing pages of news and Flatiron Building, New York City, N. Y. views on this situation in this number of R ADIO AGE. Every person , ser­ Advertising Forms Close on 19th of the Month Preceding Date of Issue. iously interested in the advancement Issued monthly. Vol. I, No.6 Subscription price S2.50 a year. of Radio Art and of Radio Business Entered as second-class matter September 15. 1922. at the post office at Mount Morris. Illinois, untler the Act of Marek 3, 1879. should read every line of it.-The EDITOR. Copyright. 1922, by RADIO AGE, Inc. ~i] ~

Ig I i

i Loud-speaking horn, used by cit y of Chicago in mag­ nifying speeches and concerts at Pageant of Progress. Picture S!IOWS !lOrn's size as compared with a man. (By courtesy of Greater Chicago Magazine) RADIO AGE Of tfte Hour " PUBLISHED MONTHLY GARRICK BLD'G c.H.GO.

Broadcasters Forlll National League

RGANIZATION of the radio and Frederick A. Smith, of Radio interest in forming a union of broadcasting interests of the Age, Inc., was chosen for se~retary. station owners was evidenced by O country Jor and by themselves Directors will include: Frank 'vV. the large number of letters from was accomplished in Chicago on El1iott, WOC, Davenport. Iowa; station owners who could not be October 16, when owners represent­ T. B. Hatfield, Hatfield Electric present but who wrote enthusiastic ing many of the more important Co., Station WOH; T. W. Findley, commendation of the plan and stations assembled and launched the Minneapolis, Minn., Station'vVLAG, volunteered their services in making National Broadcasters' League. It and owners of stations on the the organization a power for mutual . is expected that the league eventu­ Atlantic and Pacific coasts and in progress and protection. News­ ally will include on its membership the South. papers all over the country, having rolls practically all of the broadcast­ I t was decided to make the mem­ broadcasting stations in connection ing station owners in the United bership fee $10 a year, this nominal with their plants, were particularly States and Canada. sum to be disbursed for postage, quick to respond to the suggestion The purpose in organizing, as stationery and printing and distri­ that a League was necessary. explained by speakers at the Chicago bu tion to all broadcasters of the Frank W. Elliott, member of the meeting, lies primarily in effecting periodical bulletins of importance Iowa legislature, and vice president a means of interchange of views and to station owners. A complete of the Palmer School of Chiro­ news between broadcasters. The view of the activities of the League practic, at Davenport, Iowa, was· general plan of the league migh l' be will be published monthly in this made temporary chairman of the condensed into the following outline: magazine, which will give space for meeting. Mr. Elliott expressed the 1. To protect heavy investments discussion of new problems by all opinion that one of the most im­ owners of stations already have or any members of the League who portant subjects for discussion was made and to find ways and means wish to thus communicate with that of interference. of obtaining some tangible return their associates. T. B. Hatfield, of WOH, said: on that investment. Executive offices uf the League 2. To establish a clearing house are located in the Garrick Building,' "\Ve are WOH of Indianapolis, for information of value to all Chicago, Ill., where communica­ Hatfield Electric Co. 'vVe have been broadcasting station owners, so that tions from members or any others broadcasting since March of this they may be informed promptly of interested should be addressed. year. Our two problems are: First, developments as to radio legisla­ From the outset the Chicago Interference, on which something tion; that they may work as a body meeting made it apparent that certainly mllst be done through an for the elimination of interference broadcasters desired an association organization of this kind. I am here in the broadcasting of programs; to. which should not be identified with without any definite idea as to how improve programs; to present a any other radio organization. Co­ the interference problem may be united front against those persons operation, where cooperation was solved, but am eager to listen to and combinations of persons who decided to be desirable, was gen­ whatever information we may get. are attempting to prey upon broad­ eral1y agreed to be the purpose of "Second: We are a commercial casters; to convince the public and the broadcasters. But the speak­ organization and it is costing us a the government generally of the ers were definite in their expressed pretty penny per month to run ou'" important position and strength of opinion that the League should broadcasting station, on which we the .broadcasting interests. admit none but a broadcaster to get very little returns, unless adver­ George S. Walker, President of membership and that it should not tising may count as such. But if the Western Radio Corporation, affiliate with any other radio group, we count advertising it is still cost­ Denver, Colo., and owner of station whether manufacturers, tradesmen, ing us a great deal for that adver­ KFAF, was elected president of the or whatnot. tising. I am in favor of seeking League. Arthur H. Ford, Professor The meeting was called to order some way of getting some return of Electrical Engineering at the by Mr. Smith, who bripf}y explained for our outlay. But primarily the State University of Iowa, Iowa that he had been asked by important thing to do is to find out how we City, was made first vice-president. broadcasting interests to bring a bout can help each other to clean out the \V. J. Baldwin, of the Alabama sllch a meeting. He said there were interference." Power Company, Birmingham, Ala., many problems confronting broad­ T. \\T. Findley, Station \VLAG, was elected second vice-presiden t, casters at this time and t hat the ;'\!Jinne

"I bring to you a message from the National Radio Chamber of the extra speakers. George Lewis, Prof. Jansky, of the University of Commerce, spoke next. 1\1r. vVat­ Secretary of the National Radio Minnesota, who was one of the rous explained that the Chamber Chamber of Commerce, brought up members of the Hoover committee was in teres ted only in the common the question of what rights, if any, which drafted the Kellogg-vVhite interest of all elements in the radio owners of copyrights on music and bill. Here is Professor Jansky's art. He said that only persons who songs had in the way of taxing letter, in part: would . quarrel wi th the Chamber broadcasters of such musicandsongs. " 'Radio traffic is being regulated was one who had some selfish inter­ C. B. Cooper, secretary of the by the Department of Commerce, est to promote. Mr. \Vatrous ad­ Broadcasters Society of America, under the law of 1912. The Depart­ vised those present to get together told how that body of a few eastern ment is to a certain extent, handi­ for discussion and solution of the broadcasters had found difficulty capped by a lack oJ funds and in terference problem and other diffi­ in eliminating interference in New personnel. To my mind the situa­ culties. He suggested a national York. tion may best be remedied by early conference. It· was a pparent that George S. \Valker said: consideration of the Kellogg-\Vhite Mr. \\Tatrous believed it would be "\'"e are broadcasting out In bill, which was prepared by the best for the broadcasters to affiliate Denver at a great expense. I am radio conference to give the Depart­ with the Chamber of Commerce, wondering where we are at. I have men t of Commerce necessary au thor­ but when outspoken opposition to made a big investment and would ity to handle the present situation. such a plan was expressed, he said hate to lose it. I went into it at "'The Departmen t, under the tha t he hoped the League abou t to the request of my boy who is 18 present law, mu£t proceed very be formed would cooperate with the years old. I believe there should slowly. The assignment of a wave Chamber and that the Chamber be an organization of broadcasters band for broadcasting service in would be glad to serve the broad­ to protect our investment if nothing place of two single wave lengths casters. else. \Ve do not know at what will do much to prevent interference Radio Inspector E. A. Beane, of momen t we will be wiped ou t, wi th between stations. You can readily the Ninth District, next addressed our investment. "vVe are told that we can broad­ see that the allocation of wave the meeting on the subject of inter­ cast expensive programs but where lengths will be a very difficul tone.' " ference. As he is the air policeman for a territory covering an immense do we get our compensation? I Mr. Findley went on to say that have a radio store in Denver, but various men selected by Secretary territory, his version of the inter­ ference situation was awaited with when we broadcast music for the Hoover to draft this bill spent a entertainment of radio fans at great deal of time on it. There has interest. "It seems to me," he said, "that grea t expense we expect to be re­ been opposition to the bills but Mr. paid by the sale of radio goods. Findley said Professor Jansky was the only solution to local interfer­ ence is the making of a definite Yet the next morning we find that convinced it was a step in the right the soft drink parlor has put in a direction. program for each station and this can be done through organization. receiving set to permit patrons to I t was suggested by the speaker The plan I favor is to arrange a listen to our programs and the soft that station owners broadcast a program of six days a week for each drink parlor is selling radio sets. summary of the bill to their audi­ broadcasting locality. The seventh "We should form an organization ences and ask for expressions of day would be called a "silent day" that would not be the tail of any opinion on the bill from the listen­ or "silent night" and on that night kite. I am in the radio business to ers. He urged that the users of all broadcasting and local com­ make money, but it strikes me that receiving sets be enlisted in a move munications would cease, giving the the Radio Corporation of America to induce congressmen to have listeners with the better class of are making the money out of radio." the bill brough t before the house equipment a chance to receive pro­ Arthur H. Ford, State University without further delay. He said that grams from a longer distance. of Iowa, said nO matter what com­ some persons believed nothing could "The next night you would be mercial Stations might do, the uni­ be accompli shed until the senators in the air when some other location versities would go on supplying got back to vVashington but he dis­ is silent and your broadcasting gets broadcasting service. He was in puted this, saying that the time to across. You can go to the amateur favor of an organization that would show the national legislators what and say you are arranging a silen t include in its scope newspaper sta­ was needed and what was wanted, night to permit those with receiving tions, university and school stations was right now, so that when they outfits to listen in to outside con­ and stations operated by individ­ returned to \Vashington they would certs. If the amateurs will agree uals or firms engaged in the radio be ready to act. to stand by every night during your business. The bill referred to is the Kellogg­ general broadcasting program from On motion of John P. Tansey, \Vhite raclio bill, Senate Bill No. 7 to 10:30 o'clock you will stand by secretary of the · Radio Club of 3694. It \vas introduced April 20 and give them a chance to send and Illinois, the chair appointed a com­ and referred to a Senate committee receive long distance work. mittee comprised of Messrs. Don­ on interstate commerce and to the "In Louisville we put such a n nelley, \Valker, Ford, and the secre­ House commi ttee. arrangement through in a few hours' tary to draw up an organization "This wi ll slumber on the tables time. A committee was asked to plan, which resulted in the selection of the committee," said Mr. Find­ take care of all complaints. I be­ of the officers already named. ley, "unless the broadcasters get lieve your organization should in­ Present at the meeting were: busy and bring about some action corporate such a plan in your work. B. L. Moore, Vice President of on it." The public should be educated in the Federal Telephone and Tele­ the proper use of apparatus." graph Company, Buffalo, N. Y. Ralph C. Watrous, former Gover­ (WGR) nor of Rhode Island, representing Thorne Donnelley, Station WD APF, Chicago, expressed the opin­ Frank W. Elliott, Vice President, (Note-The Kellogg-White bill was Palmer School of Chiropractic, Dav- published in full in the September ion that one national organization issue of Radio Age.) should assume the work ou.tlined by (Continued on page 30) RADIO AGE-liTHE MAGAZINE OF THE H OUR" 5 How- to Add One Step of Radio and One Step of Audio Frequency to the Reinartz Tuner

By F. D. PEARNE

HILE wonderful results have will show by a brief explanation. the signals to some considerable been reported by the makers Most all of our readers know ext ent, the detector may be termed W. of the Reinartz set described that "radio frequency" is that in both a rectifier and a relay. in the September issue of this mag­ which the oscillations are too rapid N ow let us consider a case in azine and republished in this num­ to be heard by the human ear which one step of radio frequency ber, some of which showed recep­ (usually calculated at 10,000 per amplification has been prefixed to tion from distances of 2,500 miles, second or more), while those fre­ the detector tube. An amplifier, still there are some of our readers quencies which are audible (below or "hard" tube is used for this pur­ who are anxious to see what this 10,000 per second) are spoken of pose. As all signals which are instrument will do with one or two as audio frequencies. received upon the aerial come in stages of radio frequency added The function of the detector tube at radio frequency and as they first to:" it. Many amateurs seem to is to rectify the radio frequency enter the amplifying tube (the have an idea that radio frequency oscillations and bring them down nature of which is to amplify, rather will add to the volume of the signals to audio frequency. As the vacuum than to rectify) the signals are received, but this is an error, as I tube is also capable of magnifying greatly amplified, or increased at

RADIO FREQUENCY 4UDIO FR£QUENC Y TRANSFORMER. TRAIV3fORM£R. t ,.--_...... 4£RIAL. ..-,...... -~ _.,...---r--, t

- 1111111111111----4-+--L-!-IIIIIIIIIIII~+ --+-----~ 8BATTERY 8 BATTERY z,2. If:. Volls. 2. Z. ~ Volt.:5. REINARTZ 3r5T£M WITH ONE JT£P RADIO fR£QU[NCY f)[T£CTOR ANDOIV£ 5TAG£ AUO/O-rf([QU[ NC r. 6 RADIO AGE-"THE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR" radio frequency. They are then inner coil of sixty turns is first if desired, but it will be found that carried to the detector tube, where wound in and out of the slots and the set works better with a high they are rectified and brought down the second coil is wound on the voltage on the plate circuit of the to audio frequency. From this it outside of it. These two coils are audio frequency amplifier tube. In will be seen that radio frequency the only inductances used, thereby fact it is a good idea to use forty­ amplification will really magnify doing away with the expensive five volts on the radio frequency oscillations received upon the aerial variometers and vario-coupler used tube, but if this is done it should and pass them to the detector tube in other types of regenerative sets. be a separate battery with the nega­ for rectification. The adjusting is done by means tive terminal connected to the This makes it possible to hear of switches, the points of which positive terminal of the "A" bat­ signals which otherwise ,,,,,ould be are connected to the various taps tery and the positive terminal con­ too 'weak for detection in the de­ shown. nected to the plate side of the radio tector tube. In other words, the frequency transformer, which is radio frequency amplification will The previous description of this shown in the drawing connected bring in weak signals from a great set showed the tuner alone, with to the positive terminal of the first distance and strengthen them to one step, and with two steps of "B" battery. audio frequency amplification, and such an extent that they can be The positive terminal of the heard after passing through the to those readers who are familiar with the set, the arrangement of first "B" battery is left connected detector tube. Consequently it as shown. A loud speaker may be has been said that for long distance one step of radio frequency ampli­ fication will be seen at a glance. substituted for the head phones to reception, use radio frequency am­ give greater amplification to the plification. After the signals have The additional apparatus used in this circuit consists of a poten­ signals if so desired. The adjusting been rectified and brought down is done on the three switches and to audio frequency, they may then tiometer having a resistance of 400 ohms, a socket and amplifier tube, the two variable condensers as be amplified at this lower frequency shown in the drawing. Any stand­ to the desired volume, by means one additional "B" battery, a radio frequency transformer having a ard make of audio frequency trans­ of audio frequency amplification. former may be used, but in making Here again the "hard," or amplify­ wave band limit of from 200 to 500 meters, and a rheostat. the selection be sure that the trans­ ing tube is used, as the function forming ratio is 10 to 1 for the first of this part of the apparatus is to These parts are the only addi­ step and if another step is added, a mplify only and as this amplifica­ tional material necessary to give a use a 3 to 1 ratio. Also in purchas­ tion takes place at audio frequency, great increase in the receiving range. ing a radio frequency transformer, it is possible to listen in on one or The revolving part of the eleven be sure that it is wound for the two steps as desired. It would do plate condenser must be connected wave band which will cover the no good, however, to listen in on to the ground, and the revolving limit which you want to receive. the different steps of radio fre­ part of the twenty-three plate con­ The large inductance is usually quency, as at these points the os­ denser must be connected to the mounted some distance away from cillations have not yet been recti­ aerial. If particular care is not the panel on which the switches fied and nothing would be heard. taken to see that these connections and condensers are mounted, as I f properly designed and construct­ are made in this way, no results this arrangement will give ample ed, radio frequency amplification will be obtained. It has also beer! rOom for making the connections circuits will bring in signals from found that in case it is necessary to the switch contacts and will also great distances. to burn the filament of the detector prevent interference caused by body The construction of the induc­ tube at a very high temperature capacity while adjusting the set. tance, switches, etc., used in the in order to get results when audio Another way to mount the coil is Reinartz tuner is described in de­ frequency amplification has been to use a sliding base to which the tail in this number, so only a brief added, that an extra inductance panel is attached, which will move description of that part of it will consisting of a few turns of No. 26 in and out of the box when the be given here and more detail will wire connected in the circuit at panel is drawn out. The coil is be used in describing the addition the point marked "X" on the draw­ then mounted horizontally on the of the radio frequency amplifica­ i ng, bet,veen the plate of the de­ base and the wires brought up to tion. The Reinartz tuner is due tector tube and the primary of the switches for connection. It to the work of Mr. John L. Rein­ the audio frequency transformer will take some little time and ex­ artz, of South Manchester, Conn., wiJl make it possible to burn the periment for the operator to be­ and consists of a spider-web wind­ filament at a much lower tempera­ come acquainted with the adjust­ ing, wound upon a slotted fiber, ture. ment of this set, as a difference of or bakelite disc, 1-16 of an inch one point on either of the small thick and 6 1-2 inches in diameter. This is not always necessary, switches will cut a station in or Eleven slots 1-8 of an inch wide but when it is needed, the builder out, but after a little practice ex­ and two inches deep are cut into should experiment and find out cellent results wi11 be obtained. it to accommodate the ,vires. The just how many turns are necessary coils are best wound with No. 26 for his particular set. I n some single silk insulated wire. The cases, six turns will suffice and in 'winding consists of two coils. The others. more turns are needed. first, or inside coil has sixty turns, This inductance is usually wound Assistant Inspector on a miniature form similar t6 that with taps taken off every 12 or 15 Lawrence E, Dutton, 1340 North turns as desired. This coil is con­ used for the large coils. One liB" Homan Avenue, Chicago, has been a p­ nected to the aerial through a 23- battery supplies the radio fre­ pointed an assistant to Radio Inspector plate variable condenser, as shown quency and the detector tubes and E. A. Beane, of the Ninth radio inspec­ in the drawing. The second coil the other takes care of the audio tion district. Mr. Dutton h as com­ cnrt3ir.c fifty-three tllrns tapped frequency tubes. The second set menced his work in the Federal build­ and COJ1rectecJ as ::: hown. The of "B" b,ttC'riC' s can b~ omitted ing. RADIO AGE-liTHE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR" ~ 7 Photo-Electric Detector Tubes By H. A. BROWN and C. T. KNIPP, University of Illinois

YEAR ago the writers com­ be about 1 milliampere at zero pleted an investigation of the grid voltage. As is well known, A effect of various residual gases the potassium-sodium alloy is used and various degrees of vacua upon as the sensitive coating in the the characteristics, constants and photo-electric cell, a device which efficiency of detector tubes. The furnishes a source of feeble electric investigation s,howed that in the current when light shines upon it. case of a low vacuum the optimum In all probability the source of plate voltage for detector action plate current in these tubes at decrease with the ionizing potential zero plate voltage is the photo­ of the gas in the tube. The vapors electric effect of the "alkali vapor, of certain alkali metals ha:ve ionizing the luminous and non-luminous potentials of 4 volts and less, and radiation from the filament being some of these were experimented the source of energy. with. It was found that the vapor These photo-e I e c t ri c detector of potassium-sodium alloy, having tubes function very well as detectors an ionizing potential of 4 volts, of damped and undamped waves when present in the ordinary three­ and of radiophone modulated waves. element vacuum tube or Audion As a test several of the tubes were caused it to function as a very tried out. Using one tube as a sensitive detector of high frequency detector together with a "vario­ oscillations at a plate potential meter" type of regenerative tuner, of 5 to 10 volts. Tests in this Professor Charles T. Knipp. Univer­ sity of Illinois and an antenna 45 ft. high, the laboratory have shown that this broadcasting stations at Schenec­ tube is from 3 to 5 times more tady, N. Y., Detroit, Pittsburgh, sensitive on weak signals, with and Chicago were heard in this 8 or 10 volts plate potential, than locality without an amplifier and is the same type of tube containing with a directly measured audibility any of the commonly used gases, of about 30. When a plate volt­ such as argon and helium, and age of 6 to 10 volts was applied which require 18 to 25 volts. This the audibility increased to 150, latter is the widely used "gas this corresponded with the results content" or "soft" detector tube. of the carefully made laboratory In spite of the extremely low tests shown in Fig. 1. At zero plate voltages needed for this plate voltage the tube was used alkali vapor filled tube it is not to receive the 17,000 meter station "critical" in adjustment of plate at Annapolis by the beat method, voltage as is the conventional "soft" the tube oscillating very easily detector. and steadily. It is equally efficient Fig. 1 shows this clearly, Curves on short wave amateur C. W. A representing three different tubes reception. each primed with alkali vapor , The foregoing features in addition and Curve B for the conventional "soft" detector tubc. Users will (Continued on page 24) appreciate this advantage.

Allrolt· VajJor D<=Tecfor Tv6e I H. H. Brown. Associate in Depart­ "vc>. ?: I ment of Electrical En gineering. University of Illinois 12 / The most astonishing di5C'ovcry I about this tube is the fact that it operates efficiently at zero pl ate voltage. Fig. 2 Ehows thc characteristic curves for one of these t ubcs, the lower curve being takcn at zero 40 plate voltage. To do t his the plate circuit return was copnectecl to 20 the negative filament tcrminals. P/o!e V{,1!age The plate current flows through 40 .50 '0 the vacuum from the plate to the filament in spite of the opposing effect of the filament drop. This FJ'yvre 1. curve shows the plate current to RADIO AGE-"THE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR"

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DECREME.TE.R SCALE.. FIG.4. RADIO AGE-liTHE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR" Design of a Portable Short-Wave Radio Wavellleter By U. S. Bureau of Standards WAVEMETER is a device for measuring the frequency A or the length of radio waves. Radio waves always travel with t he same velocity, and if the frequency is known, the wave length is also known. Resonance is a most fundamental phenomenon of radio. When the inductance and capacity of a circuit on which an alternating electro­ motive force is impressed are ad­ justed so that the impedance of the circuit is a minimum and the current flowing in the circuit is a maximum, the circuit is said to be in resonance. For information regardingresOllance and the measure­ ment of wave length, reference may be made to "The Principles Under­ lying Radio Communication," Signal Corps Radio Communication Pam­ phlet No. 40, and to Bureau of Operating radio receiving set inside steel car on speeding Pennsylvania train. Standards Circular No. 74. These publications may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Wash­ ington, D. C. The price of the\ Receives in Speeding former is $1.00, and the price of the latter is 60 cents. All-Steel Car Amateur radio stations in the United States are at present re­ IERCING the all-steel con­ interfere with the receiving. quired by law when transmitting struction of a railway passen­ Continuing the test through the to use wave lengths not exceeding P ger car on the Broadway evening, Mr. Zillger listened to 200 meters, and it is therefore Limited, the Pennsylvania Rail­ messages and concerts from New­ important that amateur operators road's crack flyer, radio signals ark, Schenectady, an ore boat o n should have a wavemeter available were successfully received on Octo­ Lake Erie, Pittsburgh and numerous so that they may adjust their ber 13 by a set entirely within other points. transmitting sets to comply with the car. without outside antennae, J. D. Jones, superintepdent of the law, and it is necessary that while the train was speeding be­ Telegraph and Signals for the East­ this wavemeter should be adapted tween New York and Chicago. ern Region of the Pennsylvania to measure short wave lengths A few strands of wire around Railroad, was one of' the most such as 200 meters. Other com­ an eighteen-inch frame attached interestE'd observers of the experi­ parativelyshortwave lengths such as to the set served as the receiving ments. The possibility of the use 360 and 485 meters, are now used apparatus by which music and of radio in giving and receiving for radio telephone broadcasting, speech were caught from half a train orders is at present a subject and it is important to have a dozen stations en route. The tests, of investigations on several roads wavemeter which can measure these t he first to be made on a moving and the results of Mr. Zillger's wave lengths. The Radio T elephony train without an outside aerial, tests threw considerable li ght on Conference which met in Wash­ were conducted by Arno Zillger, the problem. Since t he initial ington in February, 1923, recom­ chief engineer for the E-D Manu­ tests, Mr. Zillger has designed a mended narrow bands of waves facturing Company, of Philadelphia, new set especially for use on moving for particular services, some bands enroute to the Radio Show in trai ns. T his set will be gi ven a being only 10 meters wide. Stations Chicago. try-out soon. which must work within such narrow Mr. Zillger used an ordinary The practicability of radio for bands must be provided with well­ receiving set without any extra use in communicating between the designed wavemeters if they are attachments or special parts, setting engine and the caboose of long to comply with the requirements up the apparatus in 17 minutes freight trains, and between trains of the law. The design of a port­ . as the train was about to leave and stations along the line , is one able short-wave wavemeter is there­ Philadelphia and immediately tun­ of the angles whi ch Pennsylvania fore a matter of importance. It is ing in to catch broadcasting from railroad officials are watching closely. the purpose of this circular to John Wanamaker's in Philadelphia . The results of last week's experi ­ point out the most important con­ Even the 11,000 volt electric wires ments, Mr. Zillger said, show tha t siderations in the design of such over the railroad tracks, where the idea is workable and that his a wavemeter, and to describe the the Pennsylvania is electrified to set, with a few modifications, ,vould (Continued on page 25) Philadelphia suburbs, did not prove successful in such work. 10 RADIO AGE-" THE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR"

Arrangement of loud-speakers in Congress Hall, Pageant of Progress, Chicago. (By courtesy of Greater Chicago Magazine) Expert Explains Radio Frequency Alllplification By CHARLES KILGOUR, Engineer, Crosby Mfg. Co. ADIO Frequency Am plifi cation is denser is used because the tube acts as an a nce of the coil, forms a cl osed circuit regarded at present as the most a mplifier a nd not as a rectifier or detector. which has a natural period of oscillation R interesting subject connect ed with "To cause a v acuum tube t o a mplify or is resona nt at a certain frequency. It wireless telephony, a nd Cha rles K il gour, p roperly the v oltage impressed upon its is a peculiar qua lity of such a circuit who is in charge of t he engineering d e­ grid, it is necessa ry t o place a n imped­ that if offers a v ery high resistance to partment of t he Crosley Manufacturing a n<:e, or resista nce, in t he plat e circuit, a n a lternating current of the natural Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, operators \V ~i c h is the connection bet ween the plat e frequency of the circuit. of the radio broadcasting station WL W, a nd the fil a ment. It is also necessa r y " In other words such a coil introduced has prepared the foll owing intere'sting to hold the plat e a t a positive potential in the plate circuit of a vacuum tube wiII explanation of it. Mr. Kilgour has of about 4S v olts with respect to the hav e a high impedance to one frequency dealt in terms of the layman a nd m ade fi la ment. T his is accomplished by the a nd will cause currents of that frequency his explanation so simple that a beginner familiar ' B ' batt ery. to be greatly a mplified. It is essential, may understand every word of it . Mr. "The high impeda nce required in the however, that the amplifier works prop­ Kilgour said in part: plate circuit may be obtained in severa l erly on v arious wave lengths. For this "A radio enthusiast is not satisfied ways. A high ohmic resist ance may be reason the ohmic resista nce of the coil with a mere definition of radio frequency used, but as this has a high resista nce to m ay be increased, broadening the range amplification. He wants a plan of con­ direct current it opposes t he action of t he of the a mplifier but reducing its efficiency. struction, for a great part of radios 'B' battery, thus introducing difficulties. "By fa r the best solution of the problem fascination is due to the ease with which "An inductance or coil may be used to is the use of a rather small inductance it is possible to tryout various schem es set up t he necessary impedance. An with a v aria ble condenser connected for making audible the infinitesimal inductance may have very low ohmic a cross its t erminals. The same sort of waves of the ether which constantly are resistance and so not interfere with the a circuit is formed as in the last case, but lapping upon our aerials. p roper action of the 'B' battery a nd at the v ariable condenser makes it possible "The first essential of a radio frequency the same t ime, d ue to its react a nce offer to change the natural period of the amplifier is a proper vacuum tube. Any high impedance to a n a lternating c urrent circuit a nd so amplify a signal of any standard amplifier tube will serve. Upon such as we wish to a m plify. At the high desired frequency within the range of the the grid of this tube is impressed incom­ frequency handled a condenser or capac­ condenser and coil. The ohmic resist­ ing alternating current. This is accom­ ity effect is a lways present in a coil. a nce of such a condenser and coil may be plished by wnnecting one side of the T his is equivalent t o connect ing a con­ v ery low and paradoxically the imped­ secondary coil to the grid and the other denser across the terminals of the coil. ence at resonance as a consequence will to the filament circuit. No grid con- T his capacity, t ogether with the induct- be extremely high. RADIO AGE-liTHE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR" 11 HoW" to Construct a Good Reinartz Set (Republished in response to scores of requests) By F. D. PEARNE

Chief~lnstructor in Electricity at Lane Technical Hi~h School

" coil is shown at the bottom of the OR the amateur who wants to :~ ------6 ~,. ------~ build a real receiving set and I I diagram in Figure 3, and is marked I F does not feel that he can afford "inside coil. " to spend the mdney, I submit t.he Now start the next coil in the following specifications of the Rem­ next vacant slot, leaving the cus­ artz tuner, which, according to my tomary twelve-inch end; wind one many correspondents, is giving far t urn only and bring out a loop. greater satisfaction than the well­ Continue in this way, taking a tap known vario-coupler artd vario­ 2Yz" off at every turn until you have meter set. This set is claimed by I ten turns. Instead of cutting the many users, to bring in signals which ______'II wire at the end of the tenth turn cannot be heard with the other bring out another tap and wind well-known types, and the small fifteen more turns before you bring investment required to build it is out the next tap. After the tap one of the features which recom­ on this fifteenth turn, wind twenty­ eight more turns, tapping them at mend it to the experimenter. All of rl6URe I. the inductances are wound upon every seventh turn, except the the same form, which are of the last one which will be a single end, as it is the finish of the winding. well-known "spider web" type. ing these turns after they have been Now check up the number of turns Construction. put on remember that only one-half of the turns will be visible on one with the diagram Figure 3 and see that the correct number of turns The mounting is made -by cutting side of the disc, so that when seven out a disc of fibre one-sixteenth of turns show on one side and eight have been put on. T here should be sixty turns on the inside coil an inch thick and six and one-half on the other, it means fifteen com­ inches in diameter. If fibre cannot plete turns. and fifty-three on the outside coil. be obtained, good heavy cardboard When fifteen turns are in place, Now after the winding is completed, can be used, but it must be very make a twelve-inch loop, twisting paint the coil all over with some carefully varnished with shellac it together, SO that this twist will insulating varnish, such as shellac before the winding is put on. Cut come up tight to the slot, then the or celluloid cement. Both of these out the disc as described and divide tap will not lose its identification windings together wi ll just about the ou tside edge into eleven parts. among the numerous other taps to fill the form. The best way to Draw a circle two and one-half come. Continue the winding in this mOllnt the coil is to cut off a piece inches in diameter upon the disc way, taking off a tap at every fifteen of curtain-pole (wood) about one to locate the bottom of the slots, turns until sixty turns are in place. inch long, place it against the center then at each of the divisions cut a At the last turn cut the wire off, part of the disc and fasten it to the slot one-eighth of an inch wide leaving the twelve inches for con­ panel with two brass screws. (Do from the outside edge to the inner nection. If these instructions have not use iron screws, as they wi ll circle so marked. been followed faithfully there will tend to dampen the oscillations.) After all the slots have been cut, now be three taps and two ends If t he set is to be mounted in a a coat of shellac varnish, or cellu­ projecting from the disc. It is a cabinet, it will be better to mount loid cement, is put on and, when good plan to bring out these taps the coil with a piece of curtain­ dry, the form is ready for winding. in different slots; that is, the first rod on a separate piece of wood, I t is a good idea to study the cir­ tap comes out in the next slot to the cuit as shown in Figure 3 before in an upright position, as this will one in whi ch the coil was started give better access to the wires when starting to wind. Note where the and the next tap in the next slot, taps are taken off, as a great deal etc., as this makes the identifica­ it comes time to make the connec­ depends upon just the right number tion of the wires much easier. This tions. The switches and contact of turns being used. Leave all taps points can be purchased at any at least twelve inches long, so that radio supply store. Two variable nO splicing will have to be done condensers are necessary, one shown when the inductance is connected at "C" in Figure 3 should have a to the switches. The best wire to capacity of .001 M. F. and the one use for the winding is No. 26 shown at "0" in the same figure cottenamel or silk enamel insula­ should have a capacity of .0005 tion, although plain cotton insula­ M. F. The rest of the apparatus tion will do if the maker is careful reC[ uired is the same as that used in his work. Begin winding at the bottom of anyone of the slots, in any other regenerative set, viz.: leaving an end at least twelve One grid leak and condenser, one inches in length for connections. detector tube and socket, one stor­ Wind in and out of the slots as age "A" battery (6 volts), one plate, shown in Figure 2 until fifteen or "B" battery (twenty-two turns have been put on. In count- rIG()R£ 2. and one-half volts), and one pair 12 RA DIO AGE- liTHE MAGAZIN E OF THE HOUR" of two or three thousand ohm re­ AERIAL ceivers. GRID LEAK Figure 3 shows how all t he con­ AND CONOENSER nections are to be made, and t he b uilder can mount t he outfit as he pleases, either in a box with panel a VARIABLE front, or on a t able or base-board. CONOENSER The method of winding t he coil .0005 HI.F. is shown at " B" in Figure 2. If t his set is carefully constructed, RHEOSTAT t he results obtained will surprise t he most skeptical reader and with IIII-~ one step of am plification it will 6 VOLT produce results equal to two steps A-BATTERY of amplification on the varia-coupler I/III/i/i/lii/'-+------' and variometer set. The amplifier, VARIABLE 22~ VOLT C0l'40ENSER (;J-BATTERY however, shoul d be of a specially .001 M.r. '~>----,..... de.signed circuit, which will be explained fo r t hose wishing to add INSIDE it to their sets. COIL

Amplification for Reinartz 6ROUND Tuner. -==- rIGUR[ 3 Figure 4 shows the method of adding one step of amplification to the Reinartz t uner . In this connected t o the grid and filament and the negative side must always circuit a variable condenser is shown circuit as shown in Figure 4. be connected to the filament. An­ in place of the grid-leak and con­ The circuit shows only one set other important thing is to see that denser. T he use of eit her of these of "B" batteries used for both the the rotating part of the condenser is optional with t he builder. The detector and amplifier tube plates, "e" is connected to the aerial, and variable condenser will give better but stronger signals may be obtained that the rotating part of condenser t uning effects, but t he set will work by adding another twenty-two and "D" is connected to the earth. very well if t he grid-leak and fi xed one-half volt liB " battery between The set will not give good results conden ser is used ; in fact, t he set t he head phones and the battery unless this is done. from which these specifications were shown on the drawing. This is The connections to the aerial, taken used t he fixed condenser and shown in Figure 6. It is absolutely ground, and batteries are taken out grid-leak. The method of connect­ necessary -to see that the positive through the back of the case, to ing t he am plifier to t he circuit is side of the " B" battery is con­ avoid using binding posts on the similar to t hat of t he ordinary nected t o t he part of the circuit, front of the panel, as this always circuit. T he head phones are re­ which event ually gets t o the plate, makes an unsightly wiring job. If moved from t he circuit shown in Figure 3 and replaced wit h t he primary winding of ten to one ratio audio amplifying transformer. AE.RIAL In t he set from which these specifica­ tions were t aken, this primary winding of t he transformer fur­ nished enough reactance to m ake the t ube oscillate properly, but this is not always the case. If it is found t hat t he fil ament has t o be burned at a dangerous degree of brilliancy GROUND to produce t he oscillations, then an extra ind uctance should be inserted in the circuit at t he point marked L---H 11-]- \ t--1------I "X" in Figure 4. If however , t he :2.?li VOLT FIGURE 4-. tube is fo und to oscillate wit hout BATTERY crowding t he fi lament, t hen t his extra inductance "X" should not be inserted. If it is found that t he indllctance is necessary it can be made by desired, however, binding post s can making a small form similar to the be put on the ends of the case and one on which the two coils a re all connections taken from t here, but \vound, but much smaller, and if holes are drilled in the back of t he­ winding six turns of wire of the same box and hard rubber , or porcelain size as that used on the large coil. bushings are inserted for the wires. This has been found by experiment to pass through, it will make a very to be the correct number of t urns neat looking job. The~pane li for and should not be changed. The t he controls is best of bakelite ,. secondary of the transformer is or hard rubber one-eighth of an. RADIO AGE- " THE MAGAZINE OF T H E HOUR" 13 ------~~~~~~~~~~~~~~------inch thick, eighteenl'inches long and eight inches highl " The sockets ~nd

tubes are mounted directly behmd AERIAL the controlling rheostats and the holes in the panel shown above the rheostats are for the purpose of watching the brilliancy of the tube filaments. The two dials shown are used i PHONE for the purpose of adjusting the variable condensers and if a variable condenser is used in place of the fixed condenser and grid-leak, then another dial must be used for this purpose and the arrangement of the panel will have to be altered to suit the case. The spider-web coil is mounted as far back in the FIGURE 6 box as possible and is placed directly behind the switches to facilitate and weather of one country soon the connections. The addition of affect t he sit uation in another, and this amplifier will make a wonderful today the immense area covering addition to the set, but if it is desired t he whole of E urope, Nort hern to carry the amplification farther, Afri ca , and t he Near East, as weIr another step of . audio frequency as t he United States and Canada. amplification may be added. )-______-' is combed wit h great care by weath- er observers and t heir reports are Addition of the Second Step of received at cent ral points, abstract­ Amplifica tion. ed and broadcasted by radio daily Figure 6 shows the method of from W ashington, Paris, and a few adding two steps of audio frequency Radio Extends sub-stations. T hus it has become a mplifications to the Reinartz tuner. Weather Forecasts possible for meteorologists to obtain While this addition is very seldom With the perfection of radio wi t hin twelve hours of t he taking necessary, still there are some fans communication great progress has of t he obser vations, a representa­ who can not get signals too loud been made in another science, which tive meteorological situation over to suit them and this circuit is is perhaps of equal value to t he t he greater part of t he Nort hern shown for the benefit of those who world at large, particularly t he Hemisphere, extending from the want to go the limit. When I say seafaring and agricultural nations ; Pacific Coast of America in t he West limit, I think I have found a good meteorology has ad vanced wi t h to Russia and Egypt in t he East. word, for this is about as far as the leaps and bounds within the past amplification can go with this set Professor Bjerknes of Norway, few years, due chiefl y to t he use of who has done much to advance our without injury to the receivers, radio the out post s of meteorological or loud speakers. knowledge of cyclones, forming in knowledge ha ve been pushed far t he tem perate zones, holds t hat The diagram shown in this figure a field into dist ant and unpopulated weather conditions t here depend will be clearly understood without wilds where previously lack of com­ chi efly upon t he confli ct between going into details, if the reader has munication has withheld local weath­ two streams of air-a cold current carefully followed through the pre­ er conditions from the world. fl owing sout hward from the north ceding ~ircuits. The only changes Polar regions and a warm current shown are in the addition of the Last winter, an American engi­ neer, Hagbard D . I. Ekerold, spent drifting nort hward from equatoriat second step, and the addition of sources already well -known. T hese two more "B" batteries of twenty­ many months on a barren rock 400 miles nort h of Iceland, in t he a ir streams, he believes, meet along two and one-half volts each. These a wavering front in t he Temperate batteries must be connected in such Arctic Ocean, as the leader of a meteorological expedition backed Zone, and in t heir intermingli ng a way that the positive of one of give birth to t hose mysterious' t hem connects t o t he negative of by t he Bergen Geophysical Insti­ tute. His observations were be­ swirls in the atmosphere which t he next, etc. This is clearly shown are called cyclones. in the diagram . If a loud speaker lieved so important to t he rest of is to be used in any of t he circuits, t he world t hat an observatory was To study t hese possibilities, he­ it is placed where t he receiver is established by t he Norwegian gov­ desires to establish a chain of radio shown in t he different diagrams. ernment at J an Mayn-this lonely equipped observation stations a­ The transformers used may be of spot of rock in the Arctic sea. round the Pole, from the records of t he ordinary audio frequency type, Needless to state, t his new northern which t he tracks fo ll owed by the t he one used in t he first step to be observatory has a wireless station, Polar current southward and the a ten to one ratio, while that used so that weather observations can centers of conflict with the warm in t he second step is a t hree or be broad casted as fast as noted. currents may be definitely deter­ three and one-half t o one ratio. Scientists hold t hat t his, t he station mined. Such a series of circum­ Any one of t hese circuits will give fart hest nort h, is t he beginning- of a polar meteorological posts will have great satisfaction to the user and new epoch in t he history of science, more t han theoretical importance with a little patience and care in admitting t hat credit is due to when regular forecasts for the North adjusting he should have no trouble radio in a large measure. Atla ntic are required in connection in receiving signals from 1,500 Meteorology is fast becoming an with daily air flights between Eu­ miles in the winter time. international study, for t he storms rope and America, he says. 14 RADIO AGE-"THE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR"

Radio and La", Enforcelllent

AMES M. DAILEY, Democratic de luxe plant of the Mid,vest Radio -but radio is not a stunt nor a new J nominee for sheriff of Cook Corporation atop the Drake Hotel toy. It is a real working force in county at the November 7 election, on October 14. the modern world and I can foresee is the first aspirant to the office of Speaking on " Highway Safety" it can be used to communicate chi ef law enforcer for a great metro­ 1'1r. Dailey carried his campaign quickly with the entire citizenry of politan district, such as surrounds to thousands of radio users in Chi­ a city or county to carry messages Chicago, to recognize the radio as cago and Cook county and con­ of great public importance. In a real and effective aid to protecting cluded by saying: emergency cases it will be invaluable the public and capturing criminals. " I am not in favor of fancy stunts as an aid to law enforcement and as He tested out the wonders of radio in law enforcemen t and believe gen­ Sheriff of Cook county I intend to use hroadcasting through a terse talk erally in the single policy of Com­ every means to make this the cleanest !'cnt out from Station \VDAP, the mon Honesty a nd Common Sense community in the country." RADIO AGE-"THE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR" 15 Public Education in Radio Urged Dr. Alfred N. Goldsmith and Paul F. Godley Tell How to Popularize Art of Wireless Communication By GEORGE R. HOLMES, I. R. E., A. J. E. E. Special to Radio Age

EW YORK, October 4.-"One "The same condition exists today of the greatest problems we in radio as existed in the auto N have to face today in radio Here's the First industry when they changed from is that of educating the public the car of simple adjustments to at large in the intelligent use of Central Exchange the present day complicated mechan­ radio apparatus, if we are going for Radio Calls isms. The public must under­ to keep alive interest and stop stand that they cannot do with people from becoming disgusted a $5 receiver the things that can with their sets," declared Dr. Alfred WHAT is said to be thc first be accomplished with a $200re­ N. Goldsmith, secretary of the radiophone exehange in ceiver and there is a need of educa­ Institute of Radio Engineers before thc world was reeently opened tion to let them know what they a large gathering of radio engineers at Croydon, England, thc point should expect for the money they and enthusiasts, at the Engineering from. whieh the air lines to the give out. The public at large European Continent take their Societies Building this evening. departure, according to Consul should learn that it can't expect "The time is past when anyone Linnell. results and selectivity unless they can take a cardboard tube, wind The chief use m.ade of this do a little tuning. If they would it with wire, use a piece of crystal exehan~e is to connect the take a third of the time used to and any old head phone and expect serial traffie eontroller, who learn how to run their new car, to get real satisfaction from radio," has his headquarters in a con­ to learn about the operation of he said. "It will work sometimes, trol tower at Charin~ Cross, a radio set there would be less any old time, but it won't work London, with the pilots of thc trouble but-they won't make the air expresscs flying betwecn effort to learn. all the time and especially when Croydon and the Continent. the user knows little or nothing This wirelcss exchange ean "In selling radio sets the thing of tuning and uses an antenna also eonneet the phones of the to do is not to push anything that is entirely out of proportion airships and airplanes, while in on the public but what is the best to the needs of the set. flight, with any officc at the from an engineering standpoint. "The same holds true of vacuum aerodron at Croydon, making I seriously think that the radio tube sets, where the average user direet telephone eonversation publications of the country should possible. be wining to promote and cooperate has a sad lack of knowledge of The pilot of eaeh aerial trans­ plate and filament currents and in organizing an educational cam­ port is now requircd to report paign, as thousands have been voltages, and aerials that are en­ his position to the traffie eon­ tirely to big, long and of freak trollcr cvery fifteen m.inutes, disgusted through the junk they bought, fully believing that it would construction. . The result is poor so that the pro~ress and posi­ selectivity, improper regeneration tion of eaeh planc is known operate the same as the most expen­ and general dissatisfaction with throughout its jOlll"ney. The sive sets. What the people want the set. controllcr is of partieular valuc is quality and real service from in directing the eoursc of the their radio sets just the same as "At the present time there is aireraft in eases of fo~. and in they look for it in their phono­ much talk that the change in having ~iving thcm. speeial directions graphs. two broadcasting wave lengths does for landing. not solve the probl€m of interfer­ ence. The truth of the matter is A Boost from Boston a lack of education on the tuning made in broadcasting the subject Among the letters received commend­ of the set. of paramount importance is educa­ ing the article on the Reinartz tuner, "If the average user cannot tune tion in the proper tuning of sets. written by Mr. Pearne for the September When this is accomplished we will issue, we take space for reprinting only out between stations using the one. It is addressed to Mr. Pea'>rne and two wave lengths, what will he have made a great step forward reads as follows: and an important step." do when we are using broadcasting I was very much interested in read­ wave lengths within a few meters Expressing his view!'; on the sub­ ing your article relative to the Rein­ of each other? That time is soon ject Paul Godley, famous for his artz receiver which appeared in the coming and with separation in trans-Atlantic work said, "In trying September issue of Radio Age. broadcasting wave lengths about to popularize radio we went back Please allow me to compliment 12 per cent, it will be possible to the simplest forms of equipment you upon the excellent manner in to hear any station individually and now that we are progressing which you have handled the descrip­ without interference if the person we have faIlen into hot water, tion and method of construction. reallv knows how to tune a set. through the fact that there is a This is the first article on the Rein­ By this we will have not only one lack of education on how to intel­ artz circuit and its practical application that is concise enough to be of any or two programs to listen to but ligently operate radio receivers. It practical value-at least the first possibly a dozen with greater di­ is high time that intensive education which I, myself, have noted. versity and the listener can choose be employed to help users of radio . Sincerely yours, from a wide range his evening's sets get over the small difficulty EVERETT P. GORDON, entertainment. of tuning on 360 and 400 meters Advertising Manager, Atlantic Radio "Wit h the rapid strides being without interference. Company. 1 6 RADIO AGE-"THE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR" Tube Set Operates Across Atlantic CCORDING to announcement this is the first time in the history it was a' detector of signals and an made by officials of the Radio of wireless telegraphy that a high­ amplifier, and then arose the ques­ -A Corporation of America an­ powered tube transmitting set has tion why not amplify some more .other scientific accomplishment look- opera ted for so long a period over as and then some more and use it ing toward trans-oceanic telephony great a distance as that between for transmitting signals as well as and t he use of vacuum tubes for New York and Germany." for receiving? Dr. Langmuir of trans-oceanic telegraphy was made The British Marconi Company the Research Laboratory of the yest erday, when an experimental, have in their station at Carnavan, General E lectric Company gave the high-powered tube set a t Radio vVales, a tube set made up by complete ans\ver to this question, Central, Rocky Point, L. I., was paralleling 60 air cooled, fragile, although it has taken ten years operated continuously sixteen hours, glass vacuum tubes, of approxi­ to get to the point where we have .handling commercial trans-Atlantic mately two kilowatt input capacity today a trans-Atlantic tube trans­ traffic with Grea t Britain and Ger­ each, but as explained, the Ameri­ mitter. In these ten years the many, on a wave length of 19,000 cans have reduced the number of energy of the vacuum tube has been ·mehes. tubes necessary for a set from sixty increased more than a million times. T he statement reads that plans to six, by increasing their capacity A few more years of the same for t he deyelopment of the new from two kilowatts each to twenty rate of improvement would bring · electron tube experimental set were kilowatts each. The American met­ us beyond our wildest dreams, but completed in D ecember, 1921, by al water-cooled tube is of great all we need to say is that science representatives of the Research and advantage because it makes it and engineering have received a Engineering Departments of the possible to develop tubes of larger new tool. It marks a turning-point General Electric Company and the capacity than is possible where it is like the steam engine and the Radio Corporatio n , and the manu­ necessary to rely upon air as the dynamo. I t will certainly give facturing of fhis 'highly delicate .only means of cooling. The building us trans-Atlantic telephone but it .and specialized set was immediately of these partially metal tubes was will undoubtedly give us much ,started in Schenectady, N. Y. So only accomplished as the result of more." · fast did the work progress that in American research and inventive Dr. Langmuir, when reached at May of this year the temporary genius which showed the way to a his summer home at Bolton's Land­ -inst allation of the set was started at successful method of welding glass ing on Lake George, said, "I am Radio Central, and when Senator and copper together. greatly pleased but not surprised Marconi visited the station in July, It was said that while the set in at the success of the tubes. It is a · preliminary tests were in progress its present stage was far from being stepping-stone in the progress of mnder the directiG>n of W. R. G. a reliable commercial transmitter, many years' development. We will Baker, of the General Electric the tests just concluded show that make larger tubes when larger · Company, and C. W. Hansell of an alternative type of equipment tu bes are needed and we will make the Radio CQrporation. to the Alexanderson alternator is them of greater efficiency for the The set itself is for the time being on the way to aid America in build­ principle on which this development · composed of fhree 50 kilowatt, ing up its world-wide wireless coll].­ has gone forward is a sound one." 15,000 volt, water cooled, metal munication system. It also further · vacuum tubes, known in the engi- substantiates Marconi's prediction Atwater Kent Tuner 1 neering world as kenetr{)ns, used as that once reliable international tele­ The Atwater Kent Manufacturing · rectifiers, and six 15,000 volt, 20 graphy is established by using Company of Philadelphia, have developed kilowatt, water Gooled, metal plia­ tubes telephony must follow in its this tuner with the idea of simplifying trons, used as 'high-frequency con­ wake. operation and still retain maximum per­ -ver ters. For t he experiment with When Dr. E. F. W. Alexanderson, formance. It takes the place of a the t ube set

THOUGHT WAVES ITORIAL TOWER

1 How shall the broadcaster recover on his investment? could derive from it, are not so 2 What is going to be done keen about continuing these gra­ about interference that is t uitous concerts. There is a notice ruining broadcast programs? posted in the leading Chicago Musi­ 3 What is the public going to cal College: "Do not broadcast, do about interference that free_ Make them pay you." Who's threatens to make receiving going to pay? If the broadcasters sets useless? 4 What is going to be done pay, it will only be adding to their about inducing musical ar­ already stiff investments. Members tists to continue their broad­ of the broadcasting audience migh t casting work? be willing to pay a trifling sum for NSWER the foregoing questions the pleasure they get from these and you have solved a mighty concerts, but whom could they pay difficultA and important problem. and under what conditions? Would It is a vital problem. Radio be­ a broadcaster be permitted under came a craze in this country a year L======Jthe law to accept contributions? ago and the interest was expected On the other hand if the musical to revive with the passing of the is that amateurs and broadcasters artist is not paid, quality of pro­ summer slump. I t has revived have at times been too eager to use grams will be deteriorated. only partially. At a recent national the air. Federal inspectors have Expenses of broadcasting should radio exposition, manufacturers held failed to clear up the situation. be paid by those who are deriving a meeting and told each other some­ The question as to how the broad­ benefit from it. Manufacturers thing had to be done. caster can recover on his invest­ favor broadcasting because it ex­ The current issue of "Editor and ment is an individual problem, tends the demand for their goods. Publisher" tells of a convention of affected by local conditions. The Many broadcasting stations are newspaper circulation managers at problem of interference is one, established in the definite and Fresno, Calif., and the following however, that can be solved with generally vain, hope that the serv­ paragraph appeared in the article: a little intelligent cooperation. The ice rendered v.rill result in orders Use of radio as a feature of question was fully discussed at the for radio merchandise from the interest t6 the amusement-lov­ initial meeting of the National owner of the broadcasting station. ing public was scouted as being Broadcasters' League in Chicago Of course, this does not apply to a thing of the past by several on October 16. One plan suggested the university stations, supported of the delegates. It was de­ was the arrangement of a "silent by state tax funds. clared that radio's sole value night" for broadcasters in each Rumors of plans by t he Westing­ now is as a utility, and not as locality. The amateur has his dis­ house Electric & Manufacturing an amusement. tinct position and his distinct rights Company to monopolize broadcast­ Newspapers have been cutting in radio as well as the broadcasters. ing in the United States seem to down their radio departments. In He may be depended upon, of have some confirmation, although many instances this has been a course, to make concessions to the a statement of the committee which blessing to the radio art. But it program senders and receivers as framed the Kellogg-White Radio shows the trend of things. Radio well as to ask concessions for the Bill explicitly assured the country can thrive without extravagant pub­ code senders and receivers. that no monopoly would be per­ licity. But it is going to the bow­ Progress of the radio business mitted. In this connection the wows, so far as the independent generally depends almost entirely following statement by H . P. D~vis , broadcaster and the average re­ upon the attitude of the owners of Vice President of the Westinghouse ceiving set owner are concerned the receiving sets. Manufacturers E lectric & Manufacturing Com­ unless there is immediate and in­ are not going to build a market for pany, may be interesting: telligent cooperation. their goods in neighborhoods where " I have always maintained that, There is interference between disgusted owners of sets have grown like the telephone and the tele­ amateur senders of code messages, weary of trying to pick something graph, t he service is inherently interference between amateurs and amusing or entertaining out of an monopolistic in character, and to broadcasting stations, and inter­ aerial bedlam. get the best results, the best pro­ ference between the broadcasting Vve learn that a great many grams, the greatest development, stations themselves. This is not a musical artists, having given their the activity should be confined to time to spare anybody's feelings. services free to broadcasting pur­ two or three companies of estab­ The truth about the whole matter poses for whatever publicity they lished reputation, having t he neces- 18 RADIO AGE "THE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR" sary facilities and incentive to New Broadcasters develop it; that they should be Better Field Radio under Federal control and be al­ Licensed Signal Corps radio engineers are lowed this privilege as long as they Twelve licenses were issued by the perfecting a better field radio set have acceptable service." Department of Commerce to 360 for Army infantry units. The pres­ The above statement was made meter broadcasters and seven to ent spark set, SCR 105, developed in an interview sent out from the Class B stations operating on 400 during the war has become prac­ vVestinghouse offices for publica­ meters between October 14 and 21. tically obsolete and continuous­ tion. Mr. Davis went on to say wave sets are desired. Supplemental List of Limited A board of Signal Corps officers, that he believed five or six large, Commercial or Broadcasting well-located and powerful stations which met at Camp Vail recently, Stations for 360 Meters, Li­ has recommended that surplus sets would be sufficient to cover this censed Between October 14 continent; that these stations should such as SCR 79-A, 127 or 130 and 21, 1922. be issued to infantry regiments for be licensed that would in any way Call Station be capable of interfering with the training purposes until continuous­ WMAY-Kingshighway, Presby­ wave sets can be developed and dis­ transmission from these large sta­ terian Church, St. Louis, Mo. tions. For local purposes there tributed to replace the old 105s. should be a network of low powered WNAT-Lennig Bros. Co., Phila­ Recently the continuous-wave sets local stations on non-interfering delphia, Pa. were adopted for all Army radio wave bands. These stations should WNAH-Manhattan Radio Sup­ communication. be capable of relaying the big sta­ ply Co., Manhattan, Kansas. The old 105 sets are quenched­ tions' service for their immediate WOAV - Pennsyl vania National spark sets used for transmitting vicinity, and should be able to Guard, Erie, Pa. and receiving between headquarters, usually not Il1:ore than five miles furnish for their locality matters WMAW-Wahpeton Electric Co., of local interest." apart, but, if an amplifier was em­ Wahpeton, N. D. ployed by receiving stations, it was The owner of a broadcasting sta­ WTAW-Agricultural and Me­ tion in Omaha which was put out of useful up to about thirteen miles. chanical College of Texas, College The SCR-79-A, one of the sets business on the ground that it Station, Texas. exceeded its wave length has sued recommended by the Board as a the Radio Corporation of America, WPAA-Anderson & Webster temporary substitute, is a vacuum­ Elect. Co., Waco, Nebraska. tube set designed for transmitting charging that the big fellows ~re undamped waves and for receiving in a conspiracy and, in collu~lOn WNAJ-Benson Co., Chicago, Ill. with minor government offiCIals, WMAN-Broad Street Baptist either damped or undamped signals. ha ve bee n trying to eliminate Church, Columbus, Ohio. The transmitter delivers about ten troublesome competition. watts to the antenna, and the KFBV-Clarence O. Ford, Colo­ messages will carry about twenty All these facts prove a necessity rado Springs, Colo. for cooperation and the broadcasters miles on waves between 500 to WMAX-K. & K. Radio Supply 1,100 meters. This set was designed are to be congratulated upon~having Co., Ann Arbor, Mich. formed a League through which for use at command posts or at they can act in concert: Radio. is WSAV-Clifford W. Vick, Radio headquarters where transportation on trial before the Amencan publIc. Construction Co., Houston, Texas. is available. It needs all the cooperation its The Following Class B Station Details of the new sets are not friends can summon in its behalf. Licenses Were Issued to Oper­ completed, but it is understood ate on Wave Lengths of 400 that they have a range of about Wireless for Health Meters, Between October 14 ten miles, and may be used between and 21, 1922. regiments and brigade headquarters. Setting-up exercises by radio, begin­ Call Sta tion ning at 7 o'clock each morning, is the lat­ WDAF-Kansas City Star, Kan- Bank Radio a Success est use to which the radio has been put. sas City, Mo. On September 5, a series of weight-re­ The Union Trust Company, the ducing and weight-gaining exercises for WOC-Palmer School of Chiro­ largest bank in Cleveland, Ohio, has various members of t he family was in­ practic, Davenport, Iowa. inaugurated its system of broadcast­ a ugurated and broadcasted from the Am­ W HB-Sweeney School Co., Kan­ ing market, stock and financial re­ rad Station W G I at Medford Hillside, sas City, Mo. ports to other banks in the Fourth Mass., as a regular feature of its program. KDKA-Westinghouse Electric & Federal Reserve District. A de­ The object of this course is t b place at Manufacturing Co., East Pittsburgh scription of the Cleveland bank's the disposal of a ll radio users t he most ap­ Pa. transmitting station and of its plan proved methods of securing physical ef­ WSB-Atlanta Journal Co., At­ ficiency. Three exercise classes lasting 15 for broadcasting general, financial lanta, Ga. and commercial news was published minutes each are held every morning. . WFI-Strawbridge & Clothier, While this latest use for radio is en­ in September number of Radio Age. tirely an experiment, being the first time Philadelphia, Pa. One of the first Ohio banks to such a course has ever been attempted by WBAP-Wortham-Carter Pub. report satisfactory.operat,ion of ~he radio-in fact, the first time a radio Co., The Star Telegram, Fort Worth service was the CItIzens Bankmg broadcast has been given at this hour of Texas. Co. of Sandusky. The Sandusky the day-reports indicate that the ex­ Three broadcasting stations were bank has a Grebe outfit installed ercises are being tried by people a ll over licensed during the week ending October by Harold Caswell. the New England District. 15: A cathedral in Boise, a coll ege in Foreign exchange quotations are The Three sets of exercises are graded Springfield, Ohio, and a city in Cali­ as follows: The first for the normal busi­ fornia: also sent daily in addition to news ness man or woman who wishes merely a KFDD, St. Michaels Cathedral, Boise, of the day. The local bank is set of toning-up exercises; the second for Idaho. equipped with printed blanks cov­ those who are overweight, and wish to re­ WNAP, Wittenberg College, Spring­ ering the various stocks and markets duce; and the third for those who are field, Ohio. and the operator has only to fill in underweight and wish to build up. KFEB, the City of Taft, California. the spaces. ______-=R..:.:A..:..D~IO::...... ::..::AGE-"THE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR" 19

The Monthly Service Bulletin of the NATIONAL BROADCASTERS' LEAGUE

Solely by, of and for Radio Broadcasting Station Owners George S. Walker Arthur E. Ford, E. E. Frederick A. Smith Western Radio Corporation State University of Iowa Radio Age Inc. President First Vice President Secretary Founded to promote the best interest of Radio Broad­ casting stations in the United States and Canada. Executive Offices. Garrick Building. Chicago. Ill.

Studio.-The radio equipment in the radio service, have crowded all broad­ New Federal Rules studio must be limited to that essential casting stations sending music, lectures Regulation 57, page 55 (Radio Com­ for use in the room. The room shall be and educationa l matters to waves of munication Laws of the United States), so arranged as to avoid sound reverbera­ 360 meters." amended August 8, 1922, to read: tion and to exclude external and un­ The Radio Corporation, General Elec­ Class 2.-Limited commercial stations necessary noises. tric company, t he American Telephone are not open to public service and are Service and Telegraph company, the North­ licensed for a specific commercial service Programs.-The programs must be western Bell Telephone company, and or services defined in the license. Sta­ carefully supervised and maintained to the Westinghouse Electric Manufactur­ tions of this class must not transmit to or insure satisfactory service to the public. ing company and other persons and accept public messages from other sta­ Music.-Mechanically operated musi­ corporations unknown to Yeiser, he avers tions. No rates are authorized. Licenses cal instruments may be used only in an "intend to erect distinct,sending stations of this class are required for all trans­ emergency and during intermission per­ and commercialize the same by charges mitting radio stations used for broad­ iods in regular progra m. for broadcasting." casting news, concerts, lectures, and such Division of Time.-Where two or more He a lleges his own radio station was matter. A wave length of 360 meters is stations of class B are licensed in the same closed recently beca use he wa,s operating authorized for such service, and a wave city or locality a division of time will be slightly above 360 meters wave length, length of 485 meters is authorized for required if necessary. and that the first amendment to the broadcasting crop reports and weather Forfeiture constitution which says "congress shall fo recasts, provided the use of such wave make no law abridging the freedom of lengths does not interfere with ship to Licenses issued for the use of the 400 speech or of the press," is being violated. shore or ship to ship service. meters wave length shall specifically A jury to determine damages. which he provide that any failure to maintain the Class B, Radiotelephone Broad­ alleges to be $25,000, is requested, with standards prescribed for such stations castin~ Stations treble damages under the Sherman may result in the cancelation of the license antitrust law, and an attorney's fee of A new class of radiotelephone broad­ and requiring the station to use the 360 casting station license is hereby estab­ $25,000. meters wave length. Yeiser's action cites that "interference lished to be known as class B. A license will not be issued for a station was undertaken with a powerful and clear station in Atlanta, Ga., which has in this class which does not comply in Charges Conspiracy every respect with the specifications been giving wonderful concerts nightly, Closed [Station enjoyed by people in every state in the hereunder. BROADCASTERS throughout the union, and to avoid conflict, was a shade Specifications covering the require­ country are showing keen interest ments governing the construction licens­ above 360 meters, and in pursuance of in a suit filed against The Radio Cor­ said conspiracy a radio inspector con­ ing, operating and service of class B poration of America, the General E lectric nected with the Western E lectric com­ radiotelephone broadcasting stations: Company, and others, by John O. pany, compelled said station to get back Station Yeiser, Jr., of Omaha, who complains exactly to 360 meters where its efficiency Wave Length.-The wave length of that his station was closed as the result is but a small part of what it would be 400 meters only will be assigned for the of a conspiracy. if given a n honest freedom of the air use of stations of this class which must The substance of the suit is contained under rules that would be in no way be reasonably free from harmonics. in the following Associated Press dis­ interference to others." Power.-The power supply must be patch, p ublished in newspapers of the dependable and nonfluctuating. The country on October 19: minimum required will be 500 watts in Omaha, Neb., Oct. 18.-A charge Plan "Radio Week" the antenna and the maximum shall not that the Radio Corporation of America, A National \¥eek, to be observed from exceed 1,000 watts in the antenna. the General Electric company and others November 26 to December 2, is being Modulation.-The system must be have entered a conspiracy to obtain a urged upon manufacturers, retailers, so arranged as to cause the generated monopoly of wireless service and prevent broadcasters a nd the great radio public, radio frequency current to vary accur­ individual use of the radio, is made in a by a group of eastern enthusiasts, who see ately according to the sound impressed suit filed in United States District court in such a week the possibilities of mutual upon the microphone system. today by John O. Yeiser, Jr., of Omaha, benefit. Spare Parts.-Sufficient tubes and who asks a n injunction to enjoin the The plans proposed include a variety other material must be readily available defendent's from interfering with his of suggestions to make the ether of the to insure continuity and reliability of the right to broadcast. nation throb with broadcast treats, so announced schedule of service. Yeiser alleges that "there are 25,000 that radio parties may be held in the Antenna.-The antenna must be so wave lengths that may be used in tra ns­ homes of the fans every night of the constructed as to prevent swinging. mitting distinct non-interfering radio week. The retailers will be asked to Signaling System.-Some dependable service and yet the said defendants, by devote more space to window displays system must be provided for communica­ conspiring with unknown underlings in and to other demonstrations 'and each of tion between the operating room and the the department of the government, t he interested groups will make it a studio. assume to exercise authority over the "Boost Radio vVeek." 20 RADIO AGE-"TH'E !VIAGAZINE OF THE HOUR" Limitations of Radio such a body might become a censor me it is utterly inexcusable that an of the air, so to speak, -endorsing intelligent body of men would allow such Bill the good stations and reporting a condition to exist for such an unreason­ (By vVashington Radio News those which are unsatisfactory, thus able length of time. I know all the alibis Service.) and, to be frank, they mean nothing. aiding in establishing better service. It would not take five minutes to put ONGRESSMAN \Vhite, of I n any event, it is hoped that both this law through. lVlaine, father of the Radio wave lengths and time schedules Why, then, should we be compelled to C Bill, calculated to improve will aid the broadcasting in con­ wait month after month until the endless radio in this country commercially, gested districts. debates on tariff, bonus and other in broadcasting, and for amateurs, Distributors of radio equipment matters have had their run? You have has returned to the Capital a nd capable of fine adjustment should stated under your signature that every­ believes that the bill will be taken instruct purchasers carefully and one is in favor of the law because no one up by his committee early m when possible assist them in setting is interested in disturbances. The Government was quick to take measures December. up their sets and tuning in. It is to stop the stress of the coal and railroad The' enactment of this long­ evident that a large percentage strikes and yet it d eliberately punishes looked-for legislation will benefit of those interested in radio will all radio manufacturers and causes all branches of radio, but officials have to be educated in the use unnecessary disturbances to a million of the Department of Commerce. of their sets, and this may devolve people by allotting a pin point in the say that it will not entirely elimi­ upon the broadcasters themselves, Heavens for the broadcasting of radio nate interference in broadcasting. who are interested in having their entertainments. programs clearly heard, or on radio I am a lawyer by profession and in There are some features in con­ the course of my studies I have fam­ nection with radio which cannot associations. The Bureau of Stand­ iliarized myself with much that has be corrected by legislation, it is ards has been giving information taken place in Congress for a long number pointed out by experts of the along this line for some time. of years but there is nothing in the entire Government, such as the mastering I t is expected by Department history of the proceedings of Congress of one's own set. of Commerce experts that the loop remotely approaching the indifference Even if there were enough waves receiver, possessing directional qual­ that has been manifested on a matter so to give each station an exclusive ities, will aid in the selection of urgent and vital and yet so simple to band,. and there are not nearly broadcasts and help in eliminating remedy. I do not believe that there the other stations' programs, when would be a single objection when a enough, interference would still be proper explanation is made for immediate encountered or at least reported used in conjunction with tube action on the bill now pending. by fans endeavoring to receive receIvmg sets. The cost is not If there is some good reason for not t he news and entertainment offered excessive in comparison to an aerial passing the bill in its entirety, it would by 522 stations, many of them in and as the indoor coil can be in­ be no trouble at all to pass a bill covering one community. This \vould be stalled in a corner of a room, the that feature only which would permit so because many receIvmg sets disfiguring overhead aerial may broadcasting on different wave lengths. are not capable of fin e adjustment eventually disappear from house­ In fact, I do not believe that any law is tops. It is part of the question necessary to change the existing con­ and cannot be properly tuned to ditions. I do not believe that any bill a specified wave length. of experimentation and education was passed giving the Department of In spitE' of possessing excellent in radio. Commerce authority to assign wave sets, many enthusiasts are not lengths of 360 meters for broadcasting, able to tune properly; they do although I may be mistaken in this. I not know how to manipulate their Appeals to Hoover am certain that no bill was passed for the sets and eliminate interference with­ A iVIOKG other interesting develop- recent ruling assigning wave lengths of in a prescribed band. Already ments of the month relating to 400 meters for the more powerful sta­ broadcasting and to the growing impres­ tions. I cannot help but remark that reports have been received by the sion that the very life of radio is menaced this latest ruling hasrnot benefited the Department that broadcasting on by interference in the air and by lack of situation a whole lot. There are wonder­ the new 400 meter wave is inter­ cooperation between the government f u 1 concerts going on in every part of fering with that on the 360 wave, and the radio broadcasters and listeners­ the country every evening and also which should not be the case with in, was a letter addressed to Herbert ma ny instructive talks. The grand opera 40 meters between. Hoover, Secretary of Commerce by season will soon open in Chicago. Hen' If transmission is good, first­ William B. Duck. in Toledo we can hea r no station but class receiving sets should be cap­ The letter follows: Detroit between seven and ten o'clock able of tuning within a variation September 29, 1922. except when using an extremely selective of from 5 to 10 meters, inspectors Mr. Herbert Hoover, set a nd then not clearly. Secretary of Commerce, We criticize the existing conditions in say; unless one station broadcasting Washington, D. C. Russia and yet we have a parallel case was in the immediate vicinity of Dear Sir: in the ether in this country and those in the recei ver. Can you not, Mr. Hoover, at once authority are responsible for it. Although Secretary Hoo\'er will assume the initiative and end the intoler­ It has always been my understanding probably recei\'e authority in the able existing situation on radio by reason that you are one of the few men in this Radio Bill to limit the number of of the existing order that all broadcasting blessed country of ours that does things transmitting stations, it will be be done on 360 meters? The business of a nd without a whole lot of red tape. You difficult to accomplish this in con­ every radio hOllse has suffered incalculably can make yourself the eternal benefactor gested areas where se\'eral broad­ a nd at a time when they could ill afford of a million fans a nd the radio manufac­ casting stations are already located. to stand the strain, because of this turers and dealers by taking the initia­ tive in this matter. Will you not do it? Municipal a uthorities and organ­ unnecessary situation. We have been patient, hoping and hoping that the law There is no excuse for the existing con­ izations of listeners-in may have would quickly be changed. Had the ditions to continue for another week. to aid the Secretary when the time contemplated law been passed a few I sincerely trust that you will use thl' comes by icdicatirg which stations months ago the radio business would have power and authority vested in you to are the best and what services been wonderful and none of us would remedy this situation without delay are most desire-d. The listeners-in have had to endure the financia l strain THE WILLIAM 13. DUCK CO. ;\re organized in \Vashington a nd that we have endured this summer. To Per \Villiam B. Duck. RADIO AGE-"THE MAGAZ I \! E O F THE HOUR" 21 ------~------~ With the Radio Trade The a mplitrol not only adj ust s the Business Situation New Klosner Devices fil a ment to its maximum effi ciency, but Conditions forecast revival of public The Klosner Improved A ppa ratus it also a utomaticall y switches on a n d off interest in radio and a consequent boom Compa ny has recently a nnounced to the the plat e circuit. Unlike a utomat ic in the industry was the consensus of ra dio world the introduction of its t wo fil a ment cont rol, t he a mplitrol does not radio broadcasters of the country, who new pieces of a ppa ratus, Klosner Vernier put a sudden stra in on the fi lament . It met at the Hotel Sherman, Chicago, Rheost at Model 200 a nd the K losner provides a gra dual current increase for October 16, to organize the National A mplitrol. the fil a ment, prolonging the life of the­ Broadcasters' League for the protection The new rheost at is - claimed to be vacuum tube at least one-third. of their interests. fa r a head of a ll other instruments fo r It is made of moulded con den sit e with. The gathering of radio men was some­ controlling det ect or tubes. It has a phosphor bronze contact s. Its exposed\ what startled by the straight-from-the­ vernier micromet er adjustment, which met al pa rts are highly nickel plated. shoulder announcement of George S. ma kes it several times more sensitive tha n It has a n ew st y le knob and dia l with, Walker, President of the Western Radio any ordinary rheostat. It permits get ­ graduations in white letterin g-. Corporation, of Denver, who also oper­ ting exactly on the correct spot for ates broadcasting station WFAF, that loudest reception of speech a nd code. 5,000 radio dealers are on the verge of New York Show bankruptcy and that something must be done to readjust conditions in the in­ Dec. 21 dustry to save this small army of busi­ Announcement has just been ma de t hat ness men from the loss of their investment. with the backing of t he more importa nt This statement aroused the conferees interest s in the radio industry, t he to a realization of the situation in the American R adio Exposition will be held industry and brought out an expression in Gra nd Central Palace, D ece mber 21 of belief that the first of the year would to 30, next . It is pla nned to ma ke t his see a renewed interest in radio by the the first really comprehensive radio public and the movement of radio sup­ exposition ever staged and all ma nner of plies from the dealers' shelves. Mr. inventions, equipment and accessories Walker made it clear that he did not wish connected with wireless transmission will to be mistaken for a pessimist. H e is be exhibited. The exposition has been convinced that the radio industry is des­ officially indorsed by the Associated tined to become one of the great est com­ M a n ufacturers of E lectrical S upplies, mercial enterprises in the world, but h e and the National Radio Chamber of Com­ insisted that the proper t y pe of men merce, both orga nizations promiSing should steer the radio ship, and the their utmost cooperation in order t o industry as a whole should be foremost 'insure the event being a credit to the in their minds and not permit the selfish industry. interests of a few to guide a n infant It is the intention of t he sponsors of industry, with the risk of running the It is made of gen uine con densite, with t.he exposition, the American Ra dio bark on commerc;ial shoals that might phosphor bronze contacts. It is equipped Exposition Company, to ma ke the event spell its destruction when it has such a with a dia l on which graduations are a display that will cover the entire radio bright future. shown in white. Bot h course a nd fine fi eld. The reason t he exposition com­ The majority of the delegates to the a djustments a re opera ted by on e single pany chose the holiday season for holding meeting were optimistic of the future of knob. the show is that the schools a nd coll eges radio and expressed themselves as confi­ The Klosner Amplitrol fill s t hat long­ will be closed , thus offering a n excell en t dent that in January there would be a felt ra dio wa nt- of controlling the opportunity for students, parent s a n d fresh spurt in all lines of the industry. vacuum tube circuit wi t hout the use of teachers to learn the real value of a n d One of those who e mphasized this point jacks, plugs or a dditiona l switches. the progress made in wireless during the was Thomas Findley, of Minnea polis, of W it h the a mplitrol in use, it is no longer past few years. the Findley Electric Company, who necessa r y t o plug in from one stage to operates Broadcasting station WLAG . the next. The phones or loudspeaker This feeling of optimism confirmed the a re simply at tached t o bin ding posts a nd Another N ew York decision of Milo E . Westbrooke, who a ny st age is turned on at will. Show attended the conference, made after the First National Radio E xposition last All t he lat est won ders of the Ra dio June, that January was the proper time ind ustry will be shown, when ra dio manu­ to hold the Second N ational Radio show, fact urers from all over t he world wi ll as­ which will be in the First Regimen t semble duri ng t he week of Nove mbe r 20 Armory, Chicago, Janua ry 13 t o 20. to 25, at M a dison Square Garden , New By that time the school boys will have York, t o st age t he greatest exhibit ion of got well into their radio work in the ra dio ever held. T he scope of the show school shops, the ra dio fa ns will be spend­ will be internationa l as exhib itors wilt ing more time home a t nights, t he bring product s of both foreign and A meri­ reception will be at its best a nd the can ingen uit y before the public, showi ng dealers will have completed their inven­ t he tre mendous strides t ha t h ave been tories and know where they st a nd and made in t he a rt si nce broadcasting what they want to buy. became popul ar. Some of t he st ella r feat ures a nnounced for the show include the tra ns missio n of Plans are complet e for t he First photogra phs by rad io, t he drill ing of an Annual South E astern Radio Exposition ent ire a rmy by the same method, whisper­ to be held in Atlanta, December 4 to 9, ed conversations t o be carried on between inclusive. t he M a dison Squa re Tower a n d E iffel This exposition is sponsored by lead­ T ower in Pa ris, mo ving pictures showin g ing radio jobbers and dealers of Atlanta how ra djo can be used in place of an and the southeast, and undoubtedly will a naest het ic during a n operation a nd create a marked increase in radio activity. radio t a lking pictures. 22 RADIO AGE-"THE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR" Pick-Up Records By Our Readers EMARKABLE success with a Texas; WFAS, Fort Wayne, Ind.; Reinartz circuit as described in WGAB, Houston, Texas; WGAQ,Shreve­ Crystal Scores Again R RADIO AGE is reported by George port, La.; WGAY, Madison, Wis.; WHA, St. Louis, October 2, 1922. J. Besnah, 620 Elk St., Stevens .Point, Madison, Wis.; WGF, Des Moines, Iowa; Radio Age, Wis. Mr. Besnah, who is associated WGR, Buffalo, N. Y.; WGY, Schenec­ Garrick Building, Chicago, III. with the St. Paul Railroad, made a tady, N. Y.; WHAA, Iowa City, Iowa; Gentlemen: Reinartz set with two steps of amplifica­ WHAB, Galveston, Texas; WHAJ. Blue­ In May I received a thirteen contact tion with which he has been able to hear field, W. Va.; WHAS, LouisvilJe, Ky.; point crystal set from you as a subscrip­ such distant stations as KUO, San Fran­ WL W, Cincinnati. Ohio; WOC, Daven­ tion premium. My set is doing such cisco; CJNC, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Can­ port, Iowa; WOH, Indianapolis, Ind.; good work that I have decided to send ada; KZN, Salt Lake Cit}, Utah; WBZ, WOI, Ames, Iowa, WOS, Jefferson, Mo.; you the records I have received. Medford HilJside, Mass.: the station at WPA, Fort Worth, Texas; WSB, At­ On Friday, September 29, I tuned in Galveston, Texas, and WSB at Atlanta. lanta, Ga.; WLAD, Hastings, Nebr.; with WGY and the Kansas City Star; DN4, Denver, Colo.; D05, Denver, on September 30, Rochester, N. Y., and Mr. Besnah writes to Mr. Pearne, Colo.; KFAF, Denver, Colo.; CJNC, on October, WOC, Davenport, Iowa. technical editor of RADIO AGE, as follows: Winnipeg, Man.; \-VBL, Anthony, Kans.; I have just used the crystal set alone without batteries or 2-stage amplifier. . "Last ] une I constructed a Reinartz WMAK, Lockport, N. Y.; WLAM, Springfield, Ohio. My aerial is a bout 100 feet long and set as per your diagram and have had lead-in is about twenty-five feet. excellent results with it. I don't think I receive Stations KSD and WCK so y ou will find many records that will beat distinctly that I can hear it in al1 parts mine. I have two stages of amplifica­ 6,000 Miles With of the room, in which I have my set t ion, but seldom use more than one. I installed. Yours truly, heard WAAJ, Boston, Mass., very clearly Crystal Set EDW. J. REB RICK, on the night of July 26. This was in 1406 N. 12th St. extremely hot weather and static very "Fort Stockton, Texas, bad, but I got them in very well on one October 5, 1922. stage. "Western Radio Corporation, "Denver, Colorado. Back Home Concert "I note your article in September "Gentlemen: Down in Johnson City, Tenn., arrange­ issue of RADIO AGE, saying this set "Last evening, (Oct. 4,)about 10 o'clock ments were made last week for a radio should have a radius of 1,500 miles in p. m. (Central time), using a smaJl, concert. This was to be "staged" in winter. In September I heard KUO, home made loos coupler, with ordinary the store of the Bishop Electric Company, San Francisco, Calif., fine, using one crystal hook-up, no accessories whatever, radio dealers, of that city. It was sug­ stage. This is about 1,900 miles. I in the way of amplification, I very plainly gested that -it would be interesting to live in the geographical center of Wis­ and distinctly heard you giving the list have "home town" girls take part in consin. Have reached Boston on the of persons that heard you broadcasting, the concert to be received, and in order East Coast, San Francisco on the West; and your invitation for all to write, in to satisfy the desires of the many per­ Galveston on the Gulf and Winnipeg, order that you might judge how it was sons who had been invited to attend the Manitoba, on the North. Please advise going out. concert, the Crosley Manufacturing where else you want me to go and I "Now, as I have contended for some Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, broadcast t hink I can make it. I have an aerial time, this dope you see in some radio a special concert in which Miss Edith 150 fe et long; two wires about 45 feet journals, that the range of an ordinary MiJler, violinist, Miss Marjory Hunt, high. This set was hurriedly constructed cryst al receiving set is not over 100 pianist, and Miss Lowell Jones, alI of to tryout this circuit. It is mounted miles or so, is al1 bunk. Johnson City, took part. The three on a wood panel; inside wiring No. 18 young ladies are studying music at the bell wire. Not a soldered connection in "If a person has a properly designed Cincinnati Conservatory of Music, and t he outfit. Am sending you a list of set, and has a first class ground, with all by special permission of the faculty of some of the places heard, of which I have soldered connections, a: good head set, that institution came to the broadcast­ kept a record. I want to thank you for a nd last but by no means least, a first ing station, the cal1 letters of which are your · very instructive articles a nd in­ class crystal, and knows how to tune WL W, and played for the folks "back formation sent me and your advice to them in, there is no teHing what the home." And when this special concert t he amateur to build a Reinartz set is a range is. was being broadcast the fol1owing tele'­ tip they wi ll not regret they followed. "I have often heard Honolulu at this gram was received from the Bishop K nowin6 what my outfit will do a nd has place air line distance 3,300 miles, in Electric Company: "Big crowd in store done I wouldn't trade the old pine box fact used to hear him every night in the enjoying work of Johnson City girls." for the finest set the radio shops exhibit. winter of 1920, when he was using 9,000 Again thanking you, I am meter spark, with an ordinary crystal Long Distance Record Very truly yours, hook-up, but of course using a larger GEO. J. BESNAH. tuner. Summer static didn't bother the 620 Elk St., Stevens Point, Wis. radio operator on the tug Oneonta, which "Last night I not only heard you was anchored at Columbia river harbor, Following is a list of stations heard by plainly, but also heard San Antonio, Astoria, Ore., when he heard Atlanta re­ Mr. Besnah: Texas, Fort Wqrth, Texas, and the St. cently. This is a distance of about 2,400 Louis Post Dispatch, and all came in KDKA, Pittsburgh, Pa.; KSD, St. miles. It is considered a record in radio very distinctly a nd plain. Louis, Mo.; KUO, San Francisco, Calif.; telephony and is the more interesting in KYW, Chicago, 111.; WDAP, Chicago, "If you give this out in your broadcast, that it was made during warm weather. 111.; WGAS, Chicago, 111.; KZN, Salt be sure to state that the reception was Lake City, Utah; WAAJ, Boston, Mass.; with an ordinary crystal hook-up, and Forty-six States in Line WAAK, Milwaukee, Wis.; WCAY, Mil­ that the crystallised was the M. P. M. waukee, Wis.; WAAL, Minneapolis, (Million Point Mineral), which, by the There are at present only two states Minn.; WBAD, Minneapolis, Minn.; way, is away a head of any crystal I in the union, Delaware and Wyoming, WLB, Minneapolis, Minn.; WAAP, have ever tried. which do not have broadcasting stations. Wichita, Kans.; WWJ, Detroit, Mich.; "Yours truly, Kentucky and Mississippi went on the WCX, Detroit, Mich.; WDAF, Kansas "GEO. C. HASELTINE. broadcasting map of the department of City, Mo.; WOQ, Kansas City, Mo.; "Address: Geo. C. Haseltine, Fort commerce last week, when stations in WHB, Kansas City, Mo.; WFAA, Dallas, Stockton, Texas. LouisviJle and Corinth were licensed. RADIO AGE-'~THE .MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR" 23 Questions and AnsW"ers

P. S., Brookline, Mass. Question: I read your article · on the Reinartz tuner and then saw in another magazine, another type of coil. This was wound on a 5-inch tube, with the DET.ECTOR same number of turns and the taps were taken off at the same places. Could you tell me the difference in inductance? VAR. In the October issue of Radio Age, you COlIDLNStR recommended a "T" type antenna for V.ARMJ3LE transmitting. I am using a cage type CONDENSER at present. Is there any difference in efficiency? Answer: The tube winding is quite often used, although Mr. Reinartz only recommends it for 600 meters and over. In the spider-web type a closer coupling is obtained and the distributed capaci­ @ tance is reduced to a minimum. If your lead-in is taken off from the center of your antenna, you will probably get L. R. S., Toledo, Ohio. the best method of connecting up a. better results with the cage type. Question: Will you please give me crystal reCeiVIng set USIng a va rio­ coupler and a variable condenser. ,I M. I., Stou~hton, Wis. a good circuit using a vario-coupler, have a good aerial, I think. It is 15(; Question: How could I arrange an two variometers, detector tube and batteries. I have tried several circuits, feet long, consists of 3 wires well in­ amplifier or loud speaker so that instead but have had poor success, so please sulated, and is 40 feet high. Would this of putting my phones to the ear, it could be considered a good aerial? be put under an amplifier and speak send me a good one, or print it in your question and answer column. Answer: Hook-up above. Your aerial loudly Otlt into the room, so that all ought to get splendid results. present could hear what goes through Answer: Circuit below. the connecting phone? Please give me H. T. W., Middletown, Ohio. W. A. R., Chica~o, III. the name and address of a good radio Question: Will you kindly send me Question: Although an amateur, I book, from which to read up on radio. details showing how to hook-up vacuum read with great interest in the September Answer: I do not exactly understand tube to the crystal set circuit enclosed? issue of the Radio Age, your article on, what you mean. If you want a horn to I would like to have the crystal taken and hook-up of the Reinartz tuner. I which your phones can be attached, off if possible. mean to get busy immediately on one you can procure this at any radio supply Answer: I am sending this circuit of these and surely would appreciate house. There are many types on the by mail. it if you would please send me a diagram showing how instruments, switches, con­ market. The Wireless Experimenter's E. A. T., South Haven, Mich. trol, etc., are placed in box and on panel Manual, by Elmer E. Bucher, is a good Question: I am a subscriber to Radio 8" by 18·. Also the kind Qf bulb used. book for you and any book store can Age and would like to receive the follow­ Will you also please give me a circuit get it. It is published by the Wireless ing information. Will you please send for a sharp, long distance crystal set? Press Inc., 326 Broadway, N. Y. me a drawing for a good radiophone Answer: I am sending you a rough G. B., Indianapolis, Ind. hook-up, using four C.302 tubes, with sketch by mail, showing how the panel voice amplifier? I will use motor gener­ Question: I am interested in the is arranged, etc. Also I am sending the ator for plate supply. If possible would Reinartz receiving set. Can such a crystal circuit. Use either Cunning­ like to have all choke coils, etc., de­ tuner be used on a crystal set? What ham, Radiotron, or Western Electric scribed, giving length, number of turns is the wave length of the set described? tubes. Be sure that you get a detector with size of wire used. Could this wave length be increased by tube for the detector and amplifying Answer: I am enclosing circuit in using honey-comb coils? When you tu bes for amplifiers. speak of "sign·als" do you mean music the mail, but as I have never' had any E. K., Chica~o, III. or just C. W. telegraph. personal experience with this circuit, Question: I have read with interest Answer: No. it would not work. I cannot give an intelligent description your article on how to make an audio Wave length is 130 to 370 meters. Honey­ of the coils, but you can soon determine frequency transformer and would like comb coils added to this will increase this by experiment. to know if it is possible to make this the wave length. The term signals as used G. E. McG., Cedar Rapids, Iowa. transformer and have it work, without in this case means music, voice or C. W. Question: Pleqse inform me as to a great amount of leakage. Is it possible to calculate the ,transformer, or is it just experiment? I expect to construct one of them. If silicon steel can not be GRID PLATE VARIOMETER v:ARIOHETER purchased, what other electrical sheet iron can be used, and where can I pur­ chase that, or silicon steel? + Answer: If the transformer is well VARIO - _ B. made, there will be no leakage to speak COUPLER -;;- "Bt\TTEW of. All joints where the iron comes together should be nice and square, so that they will make good contact. Yes, a ll transformers are calculated. This particular one has been made and tried out a nd is not an experiment. You can purchase the iron or steel from J os. T. Ryerson and Sons, Chicago, Steel Sales Co., Chicago, or Chas. C. Stevens, G-ROUND Chicago. Use either silicon steel, or electrical sheet iron. 24 RADIO AGE-liTHE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR" L U. S. Sells by Radio eastern Europe, the State D epartment asked the Navy if aid could be given in Radio Cheers Convict T ipping off American business me n by' the tra ns mission of dispatches to the When George Rollins, convicted of radio as to foreign sales openings in order Near East in the event tha t communica­ murder, was "listening-in" on his little t o get t he jump o n America's compet itors tion service to that quarter of the globe radio set several weeks ago, he heard for the world mar kets is t he commerce was b roken. To this question, which information which may bring about his department's la t est tra de- promoting caused t he S tat e Department some con­ pardon. Rollins in his cell was listening stunt. cern, the Naval Communica tions Serv ice to the regular late news broadcast from Inquiri es fo r American goods coming ma de repl y as follows: " Our lines of the Amra d Station WGI at Medford into the bureau of foreign a nd domestic communication to the Embassy at Con­ Hillside. Announcement was made that commerce from consuls, commercial stantinople a nd a ll our naval cra ft in Governor Sproul of Pennsylvania was to attaches a nd other government repre­ Turkish wa t ers a re established a nd in release Frank Smith, alias J esse Murphy, sentatives in fo reign countrie's a re now official use t oday. 'vVe can communicat e who confessed some months ago to one d ist ribut ed to New Engla nd ma nufac­ with Admiral Bristol within a few of the two murders of which Rollins was t urers a nd merchants thro ugh the a ir by minutes." convicted. The two killings occurred in t he b ureau's Bost o n office in coll a bora­ It has justly been stated tha t naval F ebruary, 1917, for which no one has tio n with t he WGI broadcasting st ation yet paid the pena lty. Rollins and his at M edford. communication circles the world. So it does, with the exception of very few brother, Charles, were both implicated The service was tried out one night a nd convicted. While George was await­ last week for the first t ime as an experi­ corners, a nd three-fourths of the com­ munication is ha ndled by ra dio. ing sentence, Murphy, down in Pennsyl­ ment. By first mail the next morning vania, confessed to one of the murders. several letters were received from nearby How the Service Operates While he did not confess to the killing firms. One of the leading New England Today, wh en a dis'patch for Admiral with which George Rol1ins is convicted, manufacturers of artificia l leather who Bristol isfiled in the Navy Depa rtment, he has positively stated that Rollins did happened to be "listening in" that night it goes out a t once via the Annapolis not do it, and that he, Murphy. knows learned of two openings for his goods; ra dio station to a French radio sta tion , who did. One in Mexico a nd the other in Colombia. thence b y land line to the office of the Naturally, George Rollins secured a H e was much pleased, commending the A merica n Communication Service oper­ new lease on life when he heard the news d epart ment of commerce for taking ad­ a t ed b y naval personnel in Paris, where by radio that Murphy was about to be vantage of " this most valuable time­ it is checked and forwarded by wire to released from the Philadelphia Peniten­ saving d evice." In the opinion of an­ Coblenz. The message is relayed elec­ tiary and would be brought to justice in other New England merchant, the new trically a t Coblenz from the office of the Boston. Boston officials have gone to "sell-it-by-air service" should appeal chief signal officer of the American Forces Philadelphia to apprehend Murphy and particularly to the out-of-town manu­ in Germany, where Army operators bring him to Massachusetts. fa cturers a nd merchants who are not in handle the wires to Vienna. The Vienna This is probably the first instance of daily contact with the offices maintained station is in the Austrian Telegraph its kind on record when a convicted life by the commerce department in Boston, building, but the station is operated by prisoner heard information by radio that New York, San Francisco, Chicago, New the United States Navy. From Vienna will probably bring his freedom. Orleans a nd other leading cities. "For the message goes forward by Naval example," says this executive, "there are radio service from the station at Laare­ ma ny manufacturers interested in radio burg direct to the receiving station at New Crystal Holder who wish to sell abroa d but who are the American Embassy at Constanti­ prevented from keeping in constant Michael Maltz. of the Radiall Electric nople, where naval personnel again Co .• Passaic, N. has developed a touch by fr ~ quent visits and t elephone j., handle the dispatch and forward it to new method of mounting crystals. The calls with the trade openings reported to the naval ship on station there, which t he government agents. As the radio crystal is fastened into the cup with a relays it to its destination. conducting cement. The cement has the stations reach many outlying cities it Ad miral Bristol is in charge of all virtue of being less expensive and the would seem that this service would be American na val vessels in Turkish waters, crystal is not subject to heat. of especia l value to more distantly sit­ a nd the presence of his destroyers makes uated business men within a wide a sort of fa n to all points of which mes­ radius." sages can be relayed by radio and de­ Photo-Electric Detector Selling American goods in foreign livered from the vessels to other points, market s through the help of ether waves In the event of a break in the wires from Tubes can be readily extended to other pa rts of Paris to Vienna, messages for Consta n­ (Continued from page 7) t he United Sta t es, in the opinion of Dr. tinople would be radioed by French to the fact that these photo­ J ulius Klein, director of the bureau of stations to Vienna and to United States fo reign a nd domestic commerce. Di­ naval vessels in the Mediterranean. electric or alkali vapor tubes operate rector K lein pointed out that his bureau best at a lower filament temperature maintains thirty-four district a nd co­ The Return Route than do the gas content tubes operative o ffi ces . in this co untry in The rou te of messages from points in should make them more economical a ddition to the Eastern bra nch. The t he Black Sea to the United Stat es is and easier to operate for the average sending out of t he informa tion in each si milar, except t hat the outly in g ship user. The writers were also sur­ <: ase is a problem for the local ma nager tra ns mits b y ra dio to Const a ntinople, to a rrange with some nea rby broadcast ­ either to the st a tion ship or the Em­ prised to find that these tubes i ng st atior. as a lI of them have been bassy, but only t he ship can send mes­ function admirably as amplifiers a uthorized to undertake the work, he sages. From the st ation ship the message with 10 volts on the plate giving said. goes by radio to Vienna, thence to Cob­ distortionless amplification of speech lenz by wi re a nd through to Pa ris, where and having very high amplification R adio to Near East dispatches are t urned over to French factors. Radio Ser vice for t rans mission , either The writers feel sure that the By CARL H. BUTMAN from Lyons or La fayet te to Bar H a rbor cost of manufacturing will not be Special 10 R adio A ge: and delivered by land wire t o the N a vy materially greater than for the Washington, D . C.-Back of the com­ Building in Washington. vacuum tubes now in use. The mercial syste ms of wo rl d co mmunicat ion, This system, t ho ugh seemingly so me­ alkali is distilled over into the k nown a nd used b y both the Govern­ what round-about, is nearly direct a nd tube during the evacuation process ment a nd privat e interests, lie existing is good except tha t it is s ubject to delay lines of com munication little k no wn t o o n accou nt of schedules, as the Alli es until a thin silver deposit appears the p ublic, a lthough not strictly " secret." all use t he same route in a nd out of on the tube walls. Space does not Only recently, when the " T errible Turks" Const a ntinople a nd keep it b usy twenty­ permit an ~xplanation of the manner threatened the Dardanell es a nd south- four hours o f the day. in which this is accomplished. RADIO AGE-"THE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR" 25 Design of Portable Wavemeter "U Ol-t e d" Ra d- 10 Get Your (Continued from page 9) construction of a wavemeter suit­ Products able for the measurement of fre­ RADIOAGE quencies from about 3,000 kilocycles per second to 530 kilocycles per second (Wave length from 100 to Free! 570 meters) . Let us send you for The parts of a wavemeter are usually: a variable condenser, a one year a radio mag­ fixed inductance coil, and a device azine that prints ra­ to indicate current flow. The con­ denser will first be considered. dio news when it is I t will be well at the start to news. eliminate certain large classes of condensers whose construction make them unfit for use in wa vemeter Get, without cost to circuits. Variable condensers em­ ploying other dielectrics than air, yourself, a monthly and condensers whose capacities Two finishes : II Black Enamel or Buffed Nickel revised list of new are varied by a screw to change Pia ted...... $4.50 the distance between plates, how­ broadcasting stations ever serviceable they may be for "United" Audio Frequency in your district. furnishing a variable capacity, will Transformers not in general retain their calibra­ The beauty of the outside of this tion and are therefore untrust­ transformer is but a reflection of Get the earliest news worthy for use in a wavemeter. the superb workmanship under This elimination leaves only air the shell-no howling-no distor­ of the new circuits condensers whose capacity is varied tion-clear amplification for one or more1;tages. with best diagram­ by changing the overlapping area of parallel plates, the usual type "United" Variable Condensers rna tic drawings in the of variable condenser. All con­ field. densers of t his type can by no means be used in wavemeters. A condenser to be used in a We have, a service wavemeter should have fairly heavy department for read­ plates rigidly held together with ample tie rods and nuts, spacing ers covered free by washers of large diameter a nd sufficient t hickness, adequate coni­ an expert. Ask him cal bearings, and, preferably, un­ about your hook-up impeded rotation through 360 de­ grees of arc. Particulars in which and the mails bring a variable condensers commonly fail Prices prom pt reply. to meet these and other require­ 43 plate...... $4.50 ments are : Too t hin plates, spring­ 23 plate...... 4.00 supported bearings, extremely close 11 plate ...... 3.50 Get all this free for spacing of plates, vertical or lateral 5 plate ...... 2.75 3 plate...... _...... 2.25 play of the shaft in its bearings, without dial or kflob one whole year! contacts made by brushes wiping That "United" Condensers have become the on movable parts, stops which standard with manufacturers of radio eete, in arresting the rotating plates by which all others are judged, is, in itself. HOW? the strongest endorsement of their superior shift them out of line, shifting construction and effectiveness. Ask your dealer to show you this condenser Get two of your friends to scales or indices, and faulty work­ -then you, too, will appreciate why it has manship which allows short-circuit­ been accepted as the standard , subscribe to RA D I 0 AGE ing of the condenser at some and send their names with settings. In general, anything that Mountinomadeeasy all ows a capacity change without o ,0 by our templaLe for • $4.00 to RADIO AGE and locat ing panel holes: a change in scale reading or a free with each Cl)n­ we will give you a year's change in reading without a capacity denser. subscription free. change destroys the usefulness of 0 a condenser for wa vemeter purposes. NOTE Address Some method of shielding is desir­ Any advertised claim of having an able to eliminate any change of arrangement with us to sell our prod­ 64 West Randolph St. condenser capacity owing to move­ ucts at special prices. is fraudulent. ments of surrounding bodies. The Chicago, Ill. United Mfg. & Distributing CO. shield usually is a grounded metal SJ6 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago. (Continued on next page) 26 RADIO AGE-" THE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR" case placed around the condenser. effective capacity low. This capacity to a battery, the circuit being closed The inductance coils will next serves to increase the total capacity through the mercury contact. The be discussed. The requirements of the circuit. This increase wiII be enamel may be removed from the ends of a wavemeter coil are: (1) That only a small part of the total capacity of the separate strands by carefully at the high-capacity end of the con­ heating the end of the wire cable to its inductance be such that with denser scale and hence will not appre­ a red heat a nd dipping it in alcohol. the condenser used the desired ciably help in extending the frequency This procedure makes the strands more range of wave frequency can be range down ward, but it may be a con­ fragile · and consequently particular care covered; (2) that its effective re­ siderable part of the capacity at the must be exercised to avoid breaking sistance and effective capacity be low-capacity end of the condenser scale them. low ; (3) that its inductance, resist­ and may seriously limit the upward A single-layer coil has generally a ance, and capacity all be constant. extension of the frequency range. Another lower effective capacity than a multi­ and more serious objection to a large The first requirement, which has layer coil of the same inductance and effective capacity is that this capacity to do with the range of wave frequencies, radius. This, together with the greater is always to a greater or less extent wiII first be considered. It is well to precision with which specifications can subject to variation as a result of change restrict the part of the condenser scale be furnished for winding single-layer in the surroundings of the coil. Since used for frequency measurements to coils, was the reason for choosing this this capacity can not be controlled, it t he sector between 15 0 and 170 0 on type of coil in the table already given. should be, as far as possible, reduced. a scale graduated in degrees, or between Since appreciable effective capacities t he eighth division and ninety-fifth The practice of surrounding an induc­ exist when there are parts of the circuit division on a scale graduated in hun­ tance coil with quantities of miscellaneous near each other which have comparatively dredths. Since the capacity at 1700 insulating material is undesirable in large areas and which are at different or 95 hundredths will almost always any radio circuit and is especially potentials, it follows that the leads be more than six times the capacity to be avoided in the case of wavemeter from the coil to the condenser should at 15 0 or 8 hundredths, the frequency coils. I mperfect insulating materials not be long or close together. An obtained with anyone coil at the lower so used increase not only the effective additional reason for having the leads end of this region will be not less than capacity but also the effective resistance short is found in the third requirement a bout two and one-half times the fre­ of the coil. This does not mean that previously stated for a wavemeter coil, quency obtained with the same coil all types of man ufactured insulating namely, that the inductance, capacity, at the upper end. This will make it materials are unsuitable for use in frames and resistance of the coil, including possible with one coil to cover the for wavemeter coils. Probably, how­ its leads, be kept constant. Long leads range from 3,000 to 1,200 kilocycles ever, the best form on which to wind are apt to be flexible; and flexible per second (100 to 250 meters) and the coil of a wavemeter like that here leads, long or short, introduce possi­ with a second coil to cover the range described is a hollow spool of thoroughly bilities of change in inductance, capacity from 1,330 to 530 kilocycles per second dry wood lightly varnished with an extra and resistance which can not be com­ (from 225 to 570 meters). grade of insulating varnish. The use pensated for by any slight advantage The following table gives the number of shellac is not considered advisable they may give in con venience of handling. of turns required for two single-layer under any circumstances. The use of The best leads are rigid metal terminals inductance coils which will cover approx­ wood having even a comparatively soldered to the ends of the wire and ima tely the stated ranges with each small moisture content may seriously screwed to the wooden core. The of the maximum ca pacities indicated affect the accuracy of the wavemeter. position of the coil should be such that in the table. It will be noted that Properly selected wood is chosen in the plane of the turns of the coil is t he size of the wire and the spacing preference to manufactured insulating perpendicular to the condenser plates bet ween turns a re not specified. The materials, glass, or paste-board. Many if the condenser is unshielded. This is inductance is nearly independent of available manufactured insulating ma­ to prevent the induced current in the the size of wire used, and the spacing terials largely increase both the resistance coil from itself inducing eddy . currents is controlled by the n umber of turns and the capacity of the coil. While in the condenser plates. Since it is a nd the length of the inductance coil, the electrical properties of glass make almost always desired for convenience both of which are given. The length it well suited for a form, it presents in coupling ·to have the plane of the of t he coil, as indicated, is the length too great mechanical difficulties. Paste­ coil vertical and the condenser plates of t he actual winding, not the length board is not rigid enough and should horizontal, this matter will usually of the supporting core. not be used under any circumsta nces. take care of itself. A very important precaution in giving the coil permanent Single-Layer Inductance Coils for The wire used ma y be solid copper characteristics is to draw all the turns Short-Wave Portable Wavemeter. double cotton covered, No. 24 B & S tight and so fasten them that with Coil 1, Ra nge 3000-1200 kilocycles per or la rger. The wire should be lightly ordinary care in handling they will not second (100-250 meters) D ia meter , varnished with a single coat of an shift. 10 cm. (4 inches); length of winding, extr a gra de of insulating varnish. Fur­ The coils may be attached to binding 2.5 cm. (1 inch). t her ins ulation merely increases the posts on the wavemeter, so that they Maximum capacity of ~ umb e r of effective resistance and ca pacity of may be conveniently connected or condenser turns the coil without compensating a dvan­ removed. Various other methods of 0.0005 microfarad 16 t ages. The resista nce ca n often be attaching may a lso be used. 0.0007 microfarad 13 considera bly reduced b y the use of 0.0010 microfarad 11 braided high-frequency cable. Care The third part of the wavemeter is must be taken, however, in using the the device which shows current flow Coil 2, Range 1330-530 ki locycles per high-freq uency conductor to see that and thus indicates resonance. If a second (225-570 meters) D ia meter , a ll t he strands are continuous a nd well crystal detector a nd telephone receivers 10 cm. (4 inches); length o f winding, ins ulated from each other a nd tha t are used, only the one-point (unilateral) 5 cm. (2 inches). every strand is joined at the t ermina ls connection should be employed; that is, Maximum capacity of N u mber of o f t he coil. If imperfect insul ation the detector and t elephone receivers condenser t urns exists between a djacent stra nds, t hese are joined in a closed circuit, and one 0.0005 microfarad 42 high-resistance contacts may cause a point of this circuit is joined to one 0.0007 microfarad 35 considerable increase in t he power losses. terminal of the coil. This arrangement 0.0010 microfarad 30 Broken stra nds seriously increase both is sufficiently sensitive and makes the The second requirement stated for t he effective capacity a nd the resist ance calibration of the wavemeter fairly the coil was that the effective resistance of t he coil. The stra nds may be t ested independent of the positIOn of the and the effective capacity be low. Low fo r continuity by dipping one end of telephone leads, at least so long as they resistance is desirable in order to secure t he cable in mercury and joining the are not closely drawn across some part sharper indication of resonance. T here separat e stra nds at the ot her end suc­ of the wavemeter or wrapped around it. are several reasons for keeping the cessively to a b uzzer or \'oltmeter join ed A more precise indicating device is a RADIO AGE-"THE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR" 27 thermogalvanometer or a radio-frequency to pass through it by the buzzer battery. milliammeter. Available types of thermo The assembling of the parts of the couple instruments are usually found wave meter must be such that each more satisfactory than the ordinary part is rigidly joined to the rest of expansion type of hot-wire instrument, the circuit. Mounting in a box is as because they respond more quickly good a means to this end as any from to changes of current. The instrument the standpoint of rigidity and is superior should give full scale deflection with to any in portability and in the pro­ NJOYABLE Radio Concerts a current of about 0.1 ampere. It should tection afforded to the parts. A con­ and Maximum Receiving E Range are obtained only when be able to stand a considerable over­ venient box mounting is shown in Fig. 1. your battery is fully charged. Tbe load. rlt is generally inserted directly The overall dimensions are left t o nn®~~~ in the wave meter circuit, sometimes the constructor since the size of the UU~ ~ charges your "AU or u8" batte~ over rught. Silent and clean with a shunt to keep low the resistance component parts will vary. The box in operation-requires no watching-may be used rigbt in your should be substantially constructed so living room. of the circuit. It is important to note Connects to any lamp socket. Self-polarizing-fully automatic that the presence of the instrument that it will stand considerable handling - cannot overcbarge or injure the battery. Entirely enclosed - approved by Underwriters. Uncomli ... will probably modify the capacity, The component parts are all mounted tionally GUARANTEED. Lasts a lifetime. Beautdully finisbed in Mahogany and Gold- the most efficient inductance and resistance of the circuit, on a panel of rigid electrical insulating and handsome rectifier ever produced. BuUetin 637 proves it­ so that the wavemeter should be cali­ material which will not absorb moisture. send for your copy today- IT'S FREE, Sold by aU good dealers or shipped prepaid for $18.60, complete. brated with the same instrument in This panel is, in turn, secured to the Dealers- lobbers: The HOM CHARGER Merchandising Plan the circuit as will be used in measuring supporting box. It is possible to use a offers the best proposition in tbe entire radio field-send for details. frequencies. An inexpensive indicating panel of thoroughly dried and seasoned device and one which is satisfactory hard wood thoroughly varnished with when the power output of the generating an extra grade of insulating varnish. circuit is large enough, is a miniature Fig. 1 shows one possible distribution lamp, such as a flashlight lamp, inserted of the component parts. Attention directly in the wave meter circuit. To should be given to the convenience of avoid any possibility of changing the operation a nd advantageous wiring of calibration of the wave meter, the lamp the circuit to keep distributed capacities should not be changed if it can be avoided. at a low value. The most advantageous If it must be changed it should be re­ arrangement of the instruments on placed by one of identically the same the panel will depend in part on the kind. The sensitiveness of this device particular instruments used, and the Radio is sweeping the eountry like wild fire. can be greatly increased by having constructor should work out the best e:J!~~~v~ng:tfi~ W~~% 1lip~~!l:§ ~r:~!e~~~ a dry cell and a rheostat in parallel arrangement in each case. everywhere to keep this equipment in order and to with the lamp in the wave meter circuit. Fig. 2 gives a circuit diagra m showing sell and install new outfits. By adjusting the rheostat until the the connections as they should appear Be a Radio Expert temperature of the lamp filament is underneath the panel. These connections ~i~~1 t~t,':,:~~ a~1~ro a!);'k~~Rt !~ ;g;;~:gt~': raised almost to the point of illumination, stall: construct. repair and sell Radio equipment. I should be made of No. 12 solid copper am a Graduate Electrical Engineer and from it is possible to have the lamp lighted wire soldered into lugs. Where bending actual experience I will give you exactly what you must know to make the really big money in radio. by induced currents much smaller than is necessary, sharp right angle bends My Consultation Service to you is would otherwise be required. However, a re used. If it is desired to make a short­ FREE FREE. This outside help which I changes in the battery and rheostat wave portable receiving set , t erminals more than the sm~ltg1)u~j,fe th~U 8~~~I;'t!lfc:U~~~ will be likely to change the character­ for antenna and ground connections START NOW istics of the circuit and hence the calibra­ can be supplied without decreasing the ~~!~~"J. ~~~ ~'}~~~e!~ st~T~~~ ~~r~~inStart tion of the wave meter. This device value as a wave meter in any way, ft~1ri(tE~VE'W-F..'W~f!rr~~'Y,~~ji~O~~~ ; a should therefore be used with caution. provided suitable care is used in handling sent free without obligation. The wave meter may be excited by the instrument. A wave meter should A. G. MOHAUPT, Electrical Engineer American Electricalllssociation impact, that is by a source of highly be handled much more carefully than Dept. E9, 4511 Ra"DSWlIO~ AYa. ChlcaKO. damped waves having only a very few an ordinary receiving set. If it is waves in a train. (See "The Principles desired to shield the wave meter, a copper Underlying Radio Communication," Sig­ or brass sheet can be permanently fixed nal Corps Radio Communication Pam­ on the under side of the panel and 3000 Ohm Sets $3.98 phlet No. 40, p. 278, and Bureau of spaces cut in it to allow for the t erminals PLUS 20 CTS. POSTAGE AND PACKING) Standards Circular No. 74.) The wave­ and supports of the various units. Satisfaction Guaranteed or Money Back meter can then be used as a source of There should be at least one-eighth damped waves to determine the fre­ of an inch clearance for the terminals. quency to which a receiving set is tuned . F ig. 3 giv es the dimensions and con­ The buzzer, in series with the battery, struction of the inductance coils. is connected across the condenser ter­ The forms are turned in a lathe minals, completing its circuit, when from thoroughly seasoned wood. Several the contact is closed, through the induct­ coat s of extra grade insulating varnish ance coil of the wave meter. Not more a pplied to this form will be desira ble than four volts should be used to operat e in keeping low the absorption of moisture. the buzzer. The buzzer will add to The proper number of turns of the the c<1-pacity of the circuit, thereb y correct size of wire is wound in a single decreasing its frequency. This decrease layer in t he recess provided for this :will be especially noticeable at the purpose. A light coat of extra gra de We' mail phones the day your order arrives. Every pair tested, matched and guaranteed as sensitive as lower part of the condenser scale, where insulating varnish is a pplied t o t he $8 to $10 Sets. Circular Free. ~ I it may amount to several per cent of wire to kee p it in place a nd to prevent the frequency. It can be reduced by moisture from changing the distributed T ower Mfg. Company having short, widely spaced leads t o ca pacity of the coil. The termina ls 109 STATION STREET, BROOKLINE, MASS. battery and buzzer. If the wave meter of the inductance coil are brought out RADIO MAILING LISTS is equipped with both a buzzer and through the wood form a nd soldered 9270 Retsil Rsdlo Dealers...... prlce per M. $ 7.50 an ammeter or current-square met er , t o the supporting brass t erminals. The 1104 Rsdlo Msnufscturers ...... prlce per List 10.00 1830 Radio Supply Jobbers .... prlce per List 12.50 the ammeter must be so connected wood screws holding t he coil form to 267 Assemblers & Mfgrs. of complete sets ...... _... _...... _...... prlce per List 4.00 in the circ'uit that the current from the brass supports should be of brass 260 Radio Stations ._ ...... prlee })er List 4.00 14000 Radio Amateurs & Managers of Rsdlo the buzzer battery can not pass through rather tha n a magnetic mat erial. Ststions ...... prlce per M 7.50 the ammeter. If this is not done, the I t is desira ble that the box be provided Typewrltten and ready to send on receipt or remit­ tance. ammeter or current-square meter may with a protecting cover an d a carrying TRA DE CI RCULAR ADDRESSING CO. be burned out by the current caused ha ndle. 16 6 W. Adams St.. Chicago, III. 28 RADIO AGE-liTHE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR "

After the wa\'emeter has been con­ corresponding to maximum capacity output sufficiently large that the coupling structed, it must be calibra ted. This the scale reading should be zero. Since employed may be loose enough to preven t service has been done in the past by the scales of most condensers read any considera ble reaction of the wave­ the Bureau of Standards. It has lately counter-c l ockw i se, this arra ngement met er on the generator. been necessary, however, on account usua ll y places the decre ment scale in (4) Neither the generator nor its of the limited personnel available for the unused space opposite the ca pacity coupling with the wavemeter must this work, to limit t he tests of radio scale. A measurement of decre ment be changed during the measurement materials made by this Bureau to tests is made b y first observing t he current of decrement. of precision instru men t s which will squared at resonance, then reading the The following precaution is to be in t.~ rn be used as standards for testing decrement scale at the settings on observed in measuring the decrement considerable numbers of other instru­ either side of resonance where t he of a transmitting station: The decre­ ments, tests for Government institutions current squared has one-half its value meter must be coupled only to the a nd state universities, a nd a few other at resona nce. The scale is so con­ a ntenna circuit to be measured, not tests for which there is a specia l reason structed that the difference between to the primary circuit; consequently why they should be undertaken b y this these two readings is equa l to 5' +5, it should be kept not less than two Bureau. Standardization of instruments tha t is, the decrement of the trans­ meters away from the oscillation trans­ of the kind described in this Circular mitting circuit plus the decrement of former, and coupling to the antenna can be obtained from various com­ the wave meter itself. It is then necessary circuit should be obtained by placing mercial firms a nd so me college and to subtract the wave meter decre ment the decre meter near the antenna or university laboratories. from the t otal just obtained. . The ground lead, preferably the latter. If Consideration has been given to the decrement of the wave meter is deter­ the antenna current is small, it will t~a nsmission of standa rd wave length mined a s follows: The wave meter is be necessary to make a single turn of s lgn ~ l~ from laboratories equipped with coupled a nd tuned to a source of small dia meter in the lead to which preCisIOn measuring a ppa ratus. This un modulated continuous waves. The the decremeter is coupled. woul d make it possible to determine sum, &' +& is measured as just described. accurately severa l points on the calibra­ Since the waves a re continuous, 5, the t ion c urve of a wave meter without decrement of the waves, is zero a nd sending it to a standardizing laboratory. the result obtained is 5', the decrement Radio Night School The carrier waves of some radio tele­ of the wave meter alone. From deter­ To meet an ever-growing demand for ph?ne broadcasting stations may be minations of the decrement of the instruction in radio telegraphy and ad] usted to so me particular wave, such wavemeter made at different points telephony the night school of the Junior as 360 meters, a nd one point on a wave on the scale, the calibration curve of College will offer a course covering these length calibration can thus be determined. decrement plotted against condenser subjects. The work of the class is divided A wave met er transported for standard­ setting is obtained. The conditions equally between lectures and code prac­ ization should be packed in a wooden necessary to permit the use of t his tice. Illustra t ed lectures cover such sub­ box la rge enough to give room for three scale in the manner described a re as jects as electrical units, storage batteries, in.ches of excelsior on every side, other­ follows: generators, motors, transformers, induc­ :VIse the wavemeter may easily receive (1) The condenser must have semi­ tance, electrica l resonance, a.,d other Internal damage which will not a ppear circular plates. Condensers with plates essential phases of the work. Because except in its subsequent behavior. The of a different pattern will have different this course has been given in the day package should be ma rked "Scientific decrement scales just' as they have school of Junior College, an adequate Instrument. H a ndle with Care." differen t capacity calibrations. equipment for the laboratory has been Two cautions a re offered as to the (2) It must be remembered that collected. use of the finished and standardized only when resona nce is indicat ed b y Head sets and keys are furnished wave meter. The first is not to subject a current-sq uare meter is the defl ection for code practice. Further receiv­ the instrument to any'treat ment apt to be reduced to one-half its maximum ing practice is found in the use of up-to­ t o change its calibration . The second value In detuning to either side of date receiving sets. The transmitting is not to couple it too closely to the resonance. If a millia mmeter is used , sets available consist of both spark and source of t he radio-frequency current the reading must be reduced not to continuous wave a ppa ratus. w hich is being measured. The latter one- ha lf its maximum value but to t he Other courses to be given include error can be a voided by never having maximum value divided by the square those in sociology, rhetoric, French, the wavemeter so close t o this source root of 2 or to 0.71 of the ma ximum Spanish, psychology, history, economics, that it ca ~ not be b rought closer with­ value. drama, general inorga nic chemistry, and o ut cha nging t he setting for resonance. (3) The generator must have a n public speaking. I t is possible to make a decremeter out of a wavemeter by placing a suitable scale on the variable condenser. For a STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP. MANAGEMENT. CIRCULATION, ETC., REQUIRED BYTHE ACT OF CONGRESS OF AUGUST 24. 1912. wave meter having a condenser with of RADIO AGE published monthly a t Mount Morris. III., for October 1. 1922. semicircular plates or a n y condenser Sta te of Illinois, } County of Cook ss. such that the graph of its capacity Before me, a Notary Public, in and for the state and county aforesaid, pers.onally appeared Frederi<;k against its setting is a s tra ight line, Smith. who having been d uly sworn according to law, deposes and says tha t he IS the EdItor of the RadIo Age magazine, and that the following is. to the best of his knowledge a nd belief. a true statement of the the . cap~city being very small at zero ownership. management (and if a daily paper, the circulation). etc .. of the af?res!lid pu~ licat ion for the date setting, It can be shown that the decre­ shown in the above caption, req uired by the Act of August 24, 191 2, embodIed In sectIOn 443. Postal Laws and Regulations. printed on the reverse of this for"!, to wit:. .. . ment scale to be used is one in which 1. That the names and addresses of the pubhsher, edItor. managing edItor. a nd bUSiness ma nagers are: the graduations vary as the logarithm PubHsher, Radio Age, Inc., 64 W . Randolph St., Chicago; Editor. ~- r ederic k ?mith. 64 W . Randolph ?t., Chicago; Managing Editor. Fredericlt Smith, 64 W. Randolph St., ChIcago; BUSiness Ma nager, M. B. SmIth. of the angle of rotation. * Such a scale, 64 W. Randolph St., Chicago. . . designed for a semicircular plate con­ 2. That the owners are: (Give names and addresses of individual owners. or. if a corporatIOn. gIve. its name and the names and addresses of stockholders owning or holding 1 per cent or more of the total a mount denser, is shown in Fig. 2. This scale of stock.) . may be copied or cut from this circular Radio Age. Inc., Frederick Smith. 64 W. Randolph St.. Chicago; John H . Lohbeck. St. LOU IS. Mo.; M. B. Smith. 64 W. Randolph St.. Chicago. and trimmed to fit the dimensions of 3. That the known bondholders. mortgagees, and other security holders owning or holding 1 per cent or the condenser dial with which it is t o more of total amount of bonds, mortgages. or other securities a rc: (If there a re none. so state.) NO~E. 4. That the two paragraphs next above, giving the names of the owners. stockholders, a nd sccunty be used. It may be made stationary holders. if any. contain not only the list of stockholders and se~urity holders as they appear upon the books wit.h a moving pointer traveling over it, of the company but also. in cases where the stockholder or secunty holder a ppears upon the books of the com­ panyas trustee or in any other fiduciary relation, the name of the person or corpo~ation for whom such trust(e Or It may be mounted on a dial rotating is acting, is given; also that t he said two pa.r~graphs contai." statements embraC ing a!fiant's full knowledge under a fixed pointer. At the setting and belief as to the circumstances a nd condItIons under whIch stockholders a nd secunty holders who do not ap pear upon the books of the company as trustees. hold stock and securities in a capacity other than that of a bona fid e owner; and this affiant has no reason to believe that any other person. association, or c?rpora­ *J. !f. P.ellinger. MeRsurements of radio-frequen­ tion has any interest direct or indirect in the said stock, bonds. or other securities ~:~Se~~c~o st~~~t~: hIm. cy resIstance, phase difference and decrement, Proe. r. R. E., vol. 7, pp. 27-61, Feb., 1919. Circular 74 Sworn to and EubEcribed before me this 28th day of September, 1922. Editor. Of the Bureau of Standards, Radio Ins.truments and [SEAL) HARRIET DILLON. Measurements, p. 197. (My commission expires June 5, 1923.) RALJIO AGE-" THE MAGAZI N E O F THE H OUR" 29

Artistic Variometer Pints NEW BROADCASTING STATIONS W holesale Only

" Ii " ii' iii" " Ii " ' i , , " Ii " ' i " ' iii' , " " " I , Ii i iii" " ' I " " " " ' , Ii Ii ' i , , i / Ii " ' Ii iii" ' i It ' " , Ii ' i " " II ABBREVIATIONS The necessary corrections to the List of Radio Stations of the United Stat es and to the I nternational List of Radiotelegraph Stations, appea ring in this Bulletin under the heading "Alterations and corrections," are published after the stat ions affected in the following order: Va riocouple rs, Rotors, Winding Forms, Stators, Name N arne of station. In Genuine Mahogan y . Loc. Geographical location: 0 west longitude, N north latitude, Quick Deliveries. Write lor prices. S = south latitude. §rti%tic .oob \lrurning (OOIJork% Call Call letters assigned. 517 No. Halsted Street. Chicago. Illinois System Radio system used a nd sparks per second. Range Normal ra nge in nautical miles. W.1. Wave lengths assigned; N ormal wave leng.t hs in italics. Edeson Radio Phones Service Nature of service maintained: Adustable Diaphragm Clearance w(! 2 uarantcc s:tris l.ilc r io n. or your money PG. = General public. refunded. The adjustment fea ture places 0;' phones o n a par wi th the world's ~ rc a { c.~t makes. PR = Limited public. O ur sales plan elimina. tes dealer's p,'O li ts and losses from bad accounts, hence the low price. RC = Radio compass st ation. Bener phones can not be made. Immediate P = Private. deliveries. Dou ble 3000 Ohm sers, $3.98 ; 1500 Ohm sinelc set. $~ , 50. Circular Irec. o = Government business exclusively . Hours Hours of operation. EdQson Phone Co.. 6 Beech St.. Dept 7 ()OS1(ln Mass' N Continuous service. X No regular hours. m a. m. (12m = midday). VVestern Electric s p. m. (12s = midnight). R ates Ship or coast charges in cents : c = cents. (The rat es III t he inter. national list are given in fra ncs a nd centimes.) Vacuum Tubes I. vV. T. Co. Independent Wireless Telegra ph Co. For the Armstrong Super-Regen­ R. C. A. Radio Corporation of America. era tive circuit. Supply limited. S. O. R. S. Ship Owners' Radio Service. VT2 Tra nsmission a nd$ $12 00 c. w , Continuous wave . Power Amplifier...... __ .. • I. c. w. Interrupted continuous wa ve. VT1 Detector a nd A m- V.t. Vacuum tube. plifier...... _...... _' .. "'.'.' . . $8.00 FX. F ixed station. Alphabetically by names of cities. Dealer8 Write j w Diswunt& [Additions t o the List of Ra dio Stations of the United States, R adio Service RADIO SPECIALTY CO. Bulletin , edition June 30, 1922.] Commercial land stations, alphabetically by names of stations. 29 So. laSalle St. Chicago, III [Additions to the List of Radio Stations of thc United States, edition of June 30, 1922, and to the Inter- , national List of Radiotelegraph Stations published by the Berne bureau.]

CalI Station. signal. Wave lengths. Ser vice. Hours. Station controlIed by-

illustrated photo-diagrams and Ceiba, P. R.l...... WKK 300,600, 16 10 ...... PG & PR Bureau of Insular T elegraph. prints, with complete working Chicago, Ill.'...... WBU 420 ...... P X City of Chicago. ...-- - ..,..-...... drowings and instructions tor assembling Cleveland,Ohio'._ ...... WGO 300, 45 0, 600._.. _.... . PG RCA. your own raclio receiving set from standard parts. MAKE Cranston, R. 1.._...... WKAP 300, 475 , 600.. ... _... .. P X Dutee W . Flint. YOU ( OWN R A DIO SET in a few houl s time. So Los Angeles, Calif.4.. .. KFR 300, 525, 600...... P X Airline Transportation Co. sllTl plethatANY 12.YEAR·OLDBOYCANDOIT. Pearl Creek Dome, KF U 1700 ...... P X Standard Oil Co. of Calif. Write ,oday. You will also receive our literature FREE. Cold Bay oil dis­ describing our stand. rd radio parts which we sell you trict, Alaska6• direct from the factory at BARGAIN PRICES. Princeton, Ind."...... WJAV x Indian Pi pc Line Corp. Raleigh, N. C.7._...... J ' WLAC X North Carolina State ColIegc. Metro Electric Co. 14~ r~ !aodolp\.s:: San Francisco, c alif."1 KUO X Examincr Printing Co. Vieques, P. R.g...... W GW Bureau of Insul ar T elegraph. For reliable and up-to. date Informat Ion Dn n dle 1 Loc. (approximately) 0.65° 39' 00", N. 18° 16' 00"; range, 150 system, De Forest v. t. telephone and tele­ read graph; hours. 8 a m.-12 noon, 1- 6 and 7- 8 p. m.; rates, ship service, 6 c. per word , Ceiba to Viequcs 5 c. per word, minimum 40c, for 10 words. '. Loc. 0.87° 37' 20", N. 41° 52' 26"; range. 200; system, D c Forest v. t. telegraph and telephone; rates, none. RADIO AGE 3 Range, 100; system, RCA (c. w., i. c. w., and v. t. telephone) ; hours, 23 hours during cvery 24; rates, For prompt and etllc1ent senlce place your order ship service, 3 c. per word. wltb representatives of tbe Periodical Sales Co .. 4 Range, 100; system, composite v. t. telephonc ; rates, none. ~~e"n t1:1~f:~e~n~~: :.~':I ~~fngISth :s;~~~~r~ S Loc. (approximately) 156° 04' 00", N. 57° 42' 00"; range , 300; system, R CA, 1,000; rates, none. trade-mark of the Periodical Sales Co., tacalmlle tlf " Loc. (approximately) 0.87° 29' 00", N. 38° 17' 00"; range, 200; system, De Forest v. t . telegraph and wblch Is reprod uced bereon. telephone; rates, none. PERIODICAL SALES CO., Inc. 7 Loc. 0.78° 39' 45". N. 35° 47' 35", range, 300; system, composite v. t. telegraph and telephonc; rates, none. li sa South Dearborn Street. ChIcago, IIIlnoll s Range, 150; system. composite v. t . telephone; rates, none. Branch Offices Branch Offlcel g Loc. (approximately) 65° 26' 33", N . 18° 09' 00"; range, 150; systcm, De Forest v. t. telegraph and tele­ PIDLADELPHIA MILWAUKEE phone; hours, 8 a . m.-12 noon, 1-6 and 7- 8 p. m.; rates, ship ser vice, 6 c. per word ; Vieques to Ceiba, 5 c. per word. minimum, 40c. for 10 words. MINNEAPOLIS DETROIT Commercial land and ship stations, alphabetically by call signals, INDIANAPOLIS CLEVELAND [b = ship station ; c = land station.] DENVER BOSTON NEW YORK (~~~~~~)j NEW ORLEANS BUFFALO . ~ TORONTO Call Call LOS ANGELES CANADA s ignal Name. signal. Name.

KFAX Chillicothe. __ ...... b WBU Chicago. 111 ... .. _...... __ ...... Send $1.00 to Radio Age, 64 R an­ KFBO A r a ...... b WGO Cleveland, Ohio ...... dolph Str~et, Chica go, and receive KFBP Moldegaard ... _...... b W GW Vieques. P. R ...... KFBT Commercial ScouL ...... b W JAV Princeton, Ind. _...... this middle-west r adio periodical KFR Los Angeles, Calif...... c WKAP Cranston, R. 1..._...... (or six months. Regular subscrip­ KFU Pearl Creek Dome, Cold Bay oil dis- WKK Ceiba, P. R ...... ::1 t rict , Alaska...... c WLAC Raleigh, N. C .. .. _...... tion price is $2.50 a year. Thus you KUO San Francisco, Calif...... c will be getting two months free. 30 RADIO AGE-"THE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR"

Broadcasting stations, alphabetically by names of cities. Broadcasters Form Na­ [Additions to the List of Radio Stations of the United States. edition June 30. 1922.] tional League Call Call City. signal. City. signal. (Continued from page 4) Astoria. Oreg...... KFBM Louisville. Ky...... WKAG en port Iowa. (\VOC). ~:fo~~~~~.~~.::: :: :::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::: :: :: ~~~ ~:~~~~~ir~~eg::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : ~l~ir William J. Clark, Radio Editor, Boise. Idaho...... KFBJ ~liami.· Fla.. ___ ...... WIAZ Bridgeport. Conn...... WKAX Montgomery. Ala ...... WKAN Chicago Evening American. California (portable) ...... KFBN Okemah. Okla...... WKAK Carrollton. Mo._ .. _ •...... _...... _.. _._...... WLAB Omaha. Nebr.. ___ ...... _...... _ WNAL J. c. Hail, City Hall Station, Central Point. Oreg...... _...... _. K FAY Orange. Tex.. __ ...... _...... _._ ...... \VKAL Chicago (WBU). Chicago. Ill ..... _ ...... _._ ...... _...... WJAZ Peoria. Ill. __ ...... WJAN T. B. Hatfield, Indianapolis, 'Ind. (\VOH). Eastg~~~~:~:~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~}0 Lansing. Mich...... _.... _...... WKAR Rock~~~& Port.!.;~: Mot:X ...~~:::~~~~~~~~~~~~::~~~~~~::~~:~:~:~~::~~~~~~::~:~...... _...... _...... _ ...... _. I ~[11MAD T. W. Findley, Minneapolis, East Providence, R. 1•...... _...... WKAD Sacramento. Calif.. _...... _ KFBK Minn. (\VLAG1. Everett. Wash._ ...... _.. _... _...... _.. _.... _... _..... KFBL San Francisco. Calif. KFDB ~~~~f~t.~~~::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::=:::::::::::: ~~~ ~~~d~~cld:M~::::::::::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::I~~~ Arthur H. Ford, State University Gainesville. Ga. . _..... _ ...... _...... _...... _.... WKA Y Syracuse. N. Y._ ...... _._ ...... _ WLAH of Iowa (WHAA). Hastings, Nebr. .. _...... _...... _.. _._ ...... WKA¥ Topeka. Kans. __ ...... _...... _._. WJAQ Hastings, N ebr.. __ ...... _. _..... WLAD Waco. Tex ...... _ .. _ ...... _..... WLAJ Milo E. Westbrooke, National Laconia. N . H ... _...... _...... :_ .... _...... WKAV West Palm Beach. Fla. . WKAH Radio Exposition, Chicago. tt~~~l~: ~:g~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~H I ~~~::~~a~~eb~;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::=:=:::::::: ~ftJ George Lewis, National Radio Lists of stations broadcasting market or weather reports (485 meters) and music, con­ Chamber of Commerce. certs, lectures, etc. (360 meters), alphabetically by call letters. Harold Power, Medford Hillside, [Additions to the List of Radio Stations of the United States. edition June 30. 1922.] Mass. (vVG I). Call Wave Ralph C. Watrous, National ------signal. 1----Station------operated and controlled by-1------Location of station. --1I lengths. KFAY w. J. Virgin Milling Co ...... _ ...... Central Point. Oreg...... _...... 360 Radio Chamber of Commerce. KFBH Thomas Musical Co. ____ ...... _ Marshfield. Oreg .._._ ...... _...... _._ ...... 360 Kenneth P. Gregg, National KFBJ Idaho Radio Supply Co .. _...... _...... Boise. Idaho._ ...... 360 KFBK Kimball-Upson Co ...... Sacramento. Calif.. _...... _.. _...... 360 Radio Chamber of Commerce. KFBL Leese Bros ...... _...... _.... Everett. Wash.. __ ._. __ ._ ...... __ ...... _...... 360 John P. Tansey, Radio Club of KFBM Cook & Foster_... . _.. _.... _...... _..... _...... _.... Astoria. Oreg .. _...... _...... _...... 360 KFBN Borch Radio Corp...... _._._._. __ ...... California (portable)._...... _._ ...... 360 Illinois. KFDB John D. McKee...... _._ ...... _._. __ ...... San Francisco. Calif.• 464 California Street ._ 360 WIAZ Electric Supply Sales Co .._ .... _.... _... _._ ...... Miami. Fla.... __ ...... _.... . 360 Vl. C. Evans, Westinghouse Elec­ WJAN Peoria Star-Peoria Radio Sales Co .. _...... Peoria. 111.. __ ...... _.••. •••••..• 360 tric and Mfg. Co., Chicago (KVW). WJAP Kelley-Duluth Co. ___ ...... _...... _ Duluth. Minn ...... _...... _...... _...... 360 WJAQ Capper Publications ...... _ Topeka. Kans ...... _...... _... .. 360 E. A. Beane, U. S. Radio In­ WJAR The Outlet Co. (J. Samuels & Bro.). ___ . Providence. R. 1.._ ... _.... _ ...... __ .. _.• __ •.. _... .. 360 WJAS Pittsburgh Radio Supply House... _... _..... _ Pittsburgh. Pa. ___...... _...... 360 spector, Ninth District. WJAT 360 W. J. Wecherbee, Westinghouse WJAU ~:~t~;ct~rJ:~~~I.~~.. :.~ .. _:::::::::::::::::::::::: ~:~~;~: ~t;,k:·.:·.:·::::::=::::::::::=:::::::::: :::::::: :::::: 360 WJAX U nion Trust Co ...... __ ...... Cleveland. Ohio ...... ; ...... _...... _...... _... 360 Electric and Mfg. Co., Chicago WJAZ Chicago Radio Laboratory. ____ ...... _.... Chicago. 111...... _...... _...... _.•.. _...... 360 WKAD Charles Looff (Crescent Park). ___ ...... East Providence. R. 1...... __ ...... _...... 360 (KYW). WKAG Edwin T. Bruce. M. D .... _.. _._ ...... _ Louisville. Ky" 1300 South Third Street...... 360 c. B. Cooper, Ship Owners' Radio WKAH Planet Radio Co •. _...... _._ .... _...... West Palm Beach, Fla .. __ ...... _. .. _...... _ 360 WKAJ Fargo Plumbing & Heating Co ...... _ Fargo. N. Dak ...... _ ...... _...... 360 Society, Inc., N. Y. City (WCAP). WKAK Okfuskee County News ... _. ___ .. _...... _.. _. Okemah. Okla...... _..... _...... _.... _.... _.. _...... _. 360 WKAL Gray & Gray __ ...... _.... _...... Orange. Tex.. _ ...... _...... _...... _... . 360 WKAM Hastings Daily Tribune.... ___ ...... _.... _..... _.. Hastings. Nebr...... _...... _... . 360 WKAN Alabama Radio Mfg. Co .. _...... _...... _ .. _.... Montgomery. Ala.. __ ...... _ ...... __ .... 360 WKAP Dutee W. Flint...... _ ._ ...... Cranston. R. I., Allens Avenue._ ...... _ 360 Four Minutes From WKAQ Radio Corp. of Porto Rico. __ ...... _. San Juan. P. R ...... _...... _...... _ 360 WKAR Michigan Agriculture College...... _. .. _.. ... East Lansing. Mich .. _...... 360 Cavite WKAS L. E. Lines Music Co ...... _...... _.. _. Springfield. Mo ...... _...... _ 360 WKAT Frankfort Morning Times._ ...... __ Frankfort. Ind .. ___ ... __ ...... 360,485 The transmission of a routine radio WKAV Laconia Radio Club ...... _ ...... Laconia. N. H .. _...... 360 message from the Naval Station at WKAW Turner Cycle Co .. __ ...... _...... : ...... _.. _. Beliot. Wis ..__ ...... _...... 360 WKAX William A. MacFarlane ...... Bridgeport. Conn ...... _..... _.. .. 36() Cavite, Philippine Islands to Washing­ WKAY Brenau College. ___ ...... _...... _...... ~._ Gainesville. Ga._ ...... _...... _..... _._ ....._ .. . 360 ton, D. C., was accomplished recently WKAZ Landau's Music & Jewelry Co...... _. Wilkes-Barre. Pa...... 360 WLAB George F. Grossman ...... _...... _...... Carrollton. Mo ...... _.. .. 360 by the Naval Communications Service WLAC North Carolina State College .... _...... Raleigh. N. C._ ...... _...... 360 within four minutes. The total distance WLAD Arvanette Radio Supply Co ...... Hastings. Nebr ...... _...... _...... 360 WLAF Johnson Radio Co...... __ ...... Lincoln. Nebr...... 360 was 11,500 miles. WLAH Samuel Woodworth._... __ ...... _ ...... ~ Syracuse. N. Y .• 425 Brownel Street...... _... .. 360 Ordinarily, with the delay on account WLAJ Waco Electrical Supply Co .. __ ...... Waco. T ex ...... 360 WMAD Atchinson County MaiL._...... _. Rock Port. Mo...... 360 of schedules, a message from Cavite to WMAH General Supply Co .. _...... _.... Lincoln. Nebr...... 360 the Navy Department would not be WMAM 360 360 delivered in less than several hours, and WNAL ~~j~~~~t!:11.i.~._~~~~.~~~~~.. :.~::::::: ::::::I~~~~~~~Jr~5o·i9.. C·apitoi· ·A~e~iie ::=::::::=:::: sometimes a whole day is required in the Special land stations, alphabetically by names of stations. t ransmission, due to relaying, static, etc. [Additions to the List of Radio Stations of the United States. edition of June 30. 1922.1 Cal! Of course the message was relayed at Station. signal. Wave lengths. Station controlled by- San Fra ncisco where it was received from Cavite, but as the radio circuit to 'Nash­ Altadena. Calif.._ ...... _ 6XR 150.275.375 ...... Altadena Radio Laboratory. Beeville. T ex ...... 5ZAI 200.375 ...... Rialto Theater. ingt on was "set up" the message was Chicago. Ill ...... _...... 9XN variable ...... Leroy M. E. Clausing. 4545 North Whipple relayed immediately. Within four min­ Street. Columbus. Ohio ...... 8XC 200.375 ...... Erner & Hopkins Co. utes a fter the sixteen-words dispatch Kalamazoo. M ich.. _ ...... 8XF 200.375 ...... Kalamazoo College (physics department) Los Angeles. Calif .. _...... 6XJ 200-550 ... _...... Dean Farran. 1410 South Van Ness Avenue. left Cavite, it was received on the New York. N . Y ...... _. 2XU 420 ...... American Radio News Corp.• 21 Spruce St. aerials on t op of the Navy Build ing in Oakland. Calif...... 6XA variable ...... _ Radio Specialty Shop. . Philadelphia. pa...... ] 3XAI 250.275 ...... IROberts Bros. Elec. Co. • 426 South Fifty- 'Washington a n d read in the receiving second Street. room below. Ra dio communication is P lainview. Tex.. __ ...... _. ___ .... 5XAH 200.375 ...... _. James G. Mclnnish Rockford. 111._ .....__ _..... _..... _.. _...... • _.. _. 9XF Ivariable ...... _. .... A. V. Tronske. said to be inst a nta neous, a nd a signal San Francisco. Calif...... _...... 6XB variable ... _...... _ John D. McKee. 464 California Street. is instantaneous, but a message is slower d ue to t he fact t hat time is required to Special land stations, grouped by districts. t ra nsmit record, ret ransmit a nd rerecord. Call Call signal. District and station. \Vest ward , trans-P acific R adio mes­ signal. I District and station. sages a re relayed t o G uam a nd Cavite 2XU Second district: New York. N. Y. Eighth district: 3XAI Third district: Philadelphia. Pa. 8XC Columbus. Ohio. through Honolulu. Recent ly t hrough the Fifth district: 8XF Kalamazoo. Mich. operation of the Fa nning electrical relay 5XAH Plainview. Tex. Ninth district: 5ZA I Beeville. Tex. 9XF Rockford. Ill. at H onolulu 184 words were auto­ Sixth district: 9XN Chicago. Ill. maticall y relayed to G ua m from San 6XA Oakland. Calif. 6XB San Francisco. Calif. F ra ncisco, wit h out bein g transcribed 6XJ Los Ang("les. Calif. or retransmitted. 6XR Altadena. Calif. RADIO AGE-"THE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR" 31 Altera tions and Corrections Broadcasting stations, by call signals. KDYS (Great Falls, Mont.).-W. 1., 360, 485. WIRELE SS KDZH (Fresno, CaliL).-W. 1., 360,485. KLN (Del Monte, CaliL).-Station operated and controlled by Monterey Electric Shop. New License Quiz Book KNR (Los Angeles, CaliL).-Strike out all particulars. FOR KSD (St. Louis, Mo.).-W. 1., 360,485. APPLICANT KSV (Wenatchee, Wash.).-W. 1., 360, 485. TO KVQ (Sacramento, CaliL).-Station operated and controlled by James McClatchy KYI (Bakersfield, CaliL).-Station ~ perated and controlled by Bakersfield Cali- United States Government fornian (Alfred Harrel). New Rating of KZI (Los Angeles, CaliL).-Strike out all particulars. WCAP (Decatur, Ill.).-W. 1., 360, 485. Radio Operator's License Examinations WCAU (Philadelphia, Pa.).-W. 1., 360, 485. This is the first edition printed WDAF (Kansas City, Mo.).-W. 1., 360, 485. with the new rules, regulations and WDAH (EI Paso, Tex.).-W. 1., 360, 485. gradings laid down by the govern­ WDAJ (College Park, Ga.).-W. 1., 360, 485. ment. It gives a full description of various hook-ups, new devices, WEAC (Terre Haute, Ind.).-W. 1., 360, 485. practical equations, international WEAP (Mobile, Ala.).-W. 1., 360, 485. law and regulations, official grad­ WHU (Toledo, Ohio).-W. 1.,360, 485. ings, diagrams, definitions and other WJAM (Cedar Rapids, Iowa).-Address .302 3rd Ave. West. important information. WOO (Philadel~hia, Pa.).-W. I., 360, 485. No amateur or wireless professional WSY (Birmingham, Ala.).-W. 1., 360, 485. can afford to be without this book.

107 pp. 80 Illus. Price $1.00

New Stations in 9th District RADIO AGE Licenses issued during month ending September 30, 1922 64 W. Randolph St. Chicago

Call si"nal Station operated and controlled by- Location of station. Don't Wear 9CVA Boyd L. Thorp. __ ...... Second and Edith Sts., Murphysboro. Ill. 9CVB Philip A. WachteIL_ ...... 123 W. Adams St., Munice. Ind. a Truss 9CVC Herbert WaIL ...... _ ...... 1440 Cook St., Denver, Colo. BE COMFORTABLE­ 9CVD Joseph J. Bremken...... : ...... 217 N. 26th St., Omaha, Nebr. Wear the Brooks Appliance, the 9CVE Dale M. Ashby...... 415 N. Church St., Gibson City, Ill. modern scientifio i n v e n t ion 9CVF Leonard M. Schwabe ...... 508 N. William St., Columbia, Mo. which gives rupture sufferers 9CVG Fred C. Heinze __...... Wilson, Kansas immediate relief. It has no 01>- 9CVH Willis E. Ranney...... 1646 Beachwood Ave., Louisville Ky. 9CVI Edward T. Howell. __ ...... 641 Van Buren St., Milwaukee, Wisc. :~i~US.J~riC~~i~~d~inl~~ Mr. C. E. Brook. 9CVJ Paul M. A. Milker...... 912 N. 8th St., Fargo, N. Dak. draw together the broken parts. No salves or 9CVK Edwin J. DeCosta._ ...... Box 153, Lake Villa, Ill. 9CVL Carl P. Budke ...... Gore and Glendale Rd., Webster Groves, Mo. P~as';~~h. DN~v~~I~;. !?~erf~t~;!t .:; ne;~ll~IHfa~~~ 9CVM William R. Coyne ...... 131 Sheridan Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn. ie made to order, the vrover size and shave of Air Cushion 9CVN John F. Palmquist.__ ...... 2908 S. 42d Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. devending on the nature of each ease. Bewa re of imita­ tioDs. Look for trade-mark bearing portrait and s ig­ 9CVO Harold W. Siebens...... 5772 DeGiverville St., St. Louis, Mo. nature of C. E. Brooks wh ich appears on every Applia noe. 9CVP James P. Burke_._...... 3011 Union Ave., St. Louis, Mo. None other g enUiDP. Full information and booklet sent 9CVQ Noel Bader._._.. _ ...... 4433 Clarence Ave., St. Louis, Mo. free in plain. sealed envelove. 9CVR Albert B. Marshall...... 950 S. 5th St., Louisville, Ky. BROOKS APPLIANCE CO., 1248 Siale St., Marshall, Mich. 9CVS Frederick Mumm ...... 7219 Jackson Blvd., Forest Park, Ill. 9CVT Bernhard W. Alden. __ ...... j 723 N. 9th St., Kansas City, Kans. 9CVU Norbert W. Knoernschild_.. _...... 644-28th St., Milwaukee, Wise. 9CVV Richard D. Leffholm. __ ...... 2616-4th Ave., S., Minneapolis, Minn. 9CVW 3712 Finney Ave., St. Louis, Mo. CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS 9CVX ~Ch~~~ ¥i~oti~~~~~=~= :: ::: : :::: ::::::::::::::::::: 1 1408 Capitol St., Yankton, S. Dak. 9CVY Edward D. Lindsay. ___...... 1017 Admiral Blvd., Kansas City, Mo. Six cents per word per insertion, in advance. Name 9CVZ L. M. Turner...... 412 State St., Beloit, Wise. and addre.. muet be count ed. Each initia l count. 9CWA Orene G. Cathcart._ _...... 1404 E. Third St., Winfield, Kans. a. one word. COpy must be r e ce ived by the 19th of 9CWB George Furtney...... 1302 Wilson Ave., Columbia, Mo. month for succeeding month's iSllue. 9CWC Lincoln J. Simms._ ...... 850 Faulkner Ave., Wichita, Kans. 9CWD John R. Greene ...... Gore and Glendale Rd., Webster Groves, Mo. 9CWE Leo Conner._...... Broadway, Greenwood, Ind. HELP WANTED. 9CWF John N. Burnside._...... _...... 112 Boone St., Boone, Iowa. 9CWG Thomas J. Clinton. ... _...... Men-WOM EN OVER 17. G ET U. S. GOVERNMENl 1206 S. 15th St., Springfield, Ill. POSITIONS. $90-$195 month. Steady. No strikes. 9CWH Norman J. AtwelL ...... Dexter, Minn. No Layoffs. P leasant work. Short hours. Paid vaca­ 9CWI Everett Stone._...... 90 Pewabic St., Houghton, Mich. tion. Comm on e ducation lI ufficie nt. Experience u n ­ 9CWJ Fred. A. Lankton. ___ ...... 148 W. Dakota St., D enver, Colo. necessary. Man y examina tions coming. Lill t free. 9CWK Vance E. Olson ...... 847 E. 57th St., Chicago, Ill. Write im m edia t e ly. Fra nklin Institute, D e pt .. K 117, 9CWL Edwin S. Van Buskirk ...... 829-14th St.. Denver, Colo. Roches t er, N. Y. 9CWM Herbert T. Hintgen._ ...... 224 Dakota Ave., Wahpeton, N. Dak. 9CWN Harry Samuels...... 411 N. 7th St., St. Louis, Mo. P UBLICATIONS. 9CWO C. W. Otis. ____ ...... 17 E. Washington St" Greencastle, Ind . 9CWP Thomas E. Lenigan._...... 1247-6th St., Beloit, Wise. RADIO MANUAL, everything t h e begin n er should 9CWQ David C. Maloney. ____ ...... 1824 Pine St., Murphysboro, Ill. kno w . How,to build a nd operat e a n inexpe n s ive receiv­ 9CWR Edwin L. Benton._ ...... 222 Main St.. LaCrosse, Wisc. ing aet. S ixty-fo ur pages, thirty illus tra tions. Twenty 9CWS Robert F. Edgar...... 3821 S. 4th Ave., Minneapolis, M inn. c e n ts. Postpa id. Raydio P ublis hing C ompany, Caxton 9CWT John H. Smith ...... 936 E. Maple St., J effersonville, Ind. Building, Cleve la nd, Ohio. 9CWU Henry S. Duttweiler...... R . F. D. No. I, Lockridge, Iowa. FOR SALE 9CWV Verner Hicks. ____...... 901 S. M echanic St., Marion, m. I have nine Fed eral J r. crystal sets. List $25. WiII..,11 9CWW Robert H. Freeman._ _...... Chicago Ranch, Briggsdale, Colo. lo t for $100. J. M . G. Ca re RADIO AGE. 9CWX Clarence A. Brockert...... 911 W . M ain St., Plattsville, W isc. 9CWY Frank Bubacek ...... R. F. D. No. I, Cedar Rapids, Iowa CRYSTALS 9CWZ Paul Wichman ...... Belmont, Wise. 9CXA Ben Herr._...... R . F. D. No.3, Lebanon, Ind. TESTED G ALENA CRYSTALS from our own mine. 9CXB Garvin H. Dyer...... ahaped a n d tested at the m ine in best IItandard hook up 1321 Concord St., Springfield, M o. ---direct t o u ser. A r e al crYll t al-not a pinhead. Twen­ 9CXC Albert W. Brown._...... 37o-45th St., Milwaukee. Wisc. ty-five cent s po.t paid, fi ve for $1.00 to group buyer•• 9CXD Robert Van Derwarn ...... 1 1305 Park Ave., Racine. Wisc. Ozark Cry.ta l Co., Box I, M orrellton. Mo. 9CXF Carroll J. Burnside ...... 322 Quincy St., Rapid City, S. Dak. 9CXF 810 Ella St., Beatrice, Nebr. 9CXG 1515 State St.. LaCrosse, W isc. Send $1.001.0 Radio Age, 64 Ran ­ 9CXH 265 Main St., Bourbonaise, Ill. d olph Str eet, Chicago, and receive 9CXI rf~[L\&~l~~~~~~~:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 733 Linden Ave., Newport, Ky. t his m iddle-west radio periodical 9CXJ William L. Cobb...... 2908 Arsenal St., St. Louis, Mo. 9CXK 3200 Gilham Road. Kansas City, Mo. for six months. Regular subscrip­ 9CXL ~~~I::: ~~~f~.~ii:==:::::::::::::: : :: : ::::::::::: 621 E. Water St.. Pontiac. Ill. 9CXM Chester Roney ...... 110 N . Ball St., Webb City. Mo. tion price is $2.50 a year. Thus you 9 CX N George E. MarshaIL_...... 2045 S. Lawrence St.. \Vichita, Kans. will be getting two months free. 32 RADIO AGE-liTHE MAGAZINE OF THE HOUR"

9CXO Taylor H. Paisley ...... 3706 Washington St., Kansas City, 1\<10. Set Clocks by Radio! 9CXP Eugene S. Strout. Jr...... 303 W. 4th St., Waterloo, Iowa 9CXQ Harry R. Heuer...... 5666 Cabanne Ave., St. Louis, Mo. By Carl H. Butman 9CXR Elmer C. Madson ...... Wayne Block, Yankton, S. Dak. 9CXS Cloice Wagner...... Main St., West McHenry, Ill. Washington, D. c., Oct. 23.-Through 9CXT Richard M. Purinton ...... 154-9th St., Lincoln, Ill. naval radio broadcasts, it is now possible 9CXU Roy E. Gorzney. __...... 512 Morris St., W., Morrison, Ill. 9CXV William W. Eymer...... 811 Douglas Ave .. Yankton. S. Dak. to set your clocks and watches to 9CXW David E. Sparks ...... 3638 Rokeby St.. Chicago. Ill. standard time twice daily, provided you 9CXX William L. Perdue._...... 104 Brown St., Hopkinsville, Ky. 9CXY Fred L. Reed ...... 2906 1-2 Arsenal St., St. Louis, Mo. have a radio receiving set. At noon and 9CXZ Hilton Hushower._...... 722 Pennsylvania Ave., South Bend. Ind. at 10 every night the naval radio stations 9CYA 128-38 S. Second St.• DeKalb, Ill. 9CYB I ~;~!dd~. t~rch~ i·t ::::·...... ::::::::::::::::::::: 11619 Union Ave., St. Louis. Mo. at Arlington, Annapolis and Key West t ransmit signals, indicating the exact 9AS Fred L. Demarin...... ~~~S3~~I~\i-~R Ave., Chicago, Ill. time for the 75th Meridian, or standard 9GT Randall Wright...... 2114 Morse Ave., Chicago. Ill. Eastern time. 9QB Sam Burdett... _...... 6464 Dorchester Ave., Chicago. Ill. 9UH Vernon R. Lucas ...... 820 N. 4th St., Fargo. N. Dak. The actual time is kept at and sent 9API Raymond Gomersall ...... 2626-4th Ave .• S., Minneapolis. Minn. from the N aval Observatory in 'Washing­ 9AYY McKinley High SchooL...... Missouri and Russell Sts., St. Louis. Mo. 9BSH Albert B. Jordan ...... 1014 Good Hope St.. Cape Girardeau. Mo. ton, the source of standard time for the 9CCB General Radio Laboratories, Inc...... 1730 Tribune Bldg .• Chicago. Ill. territory east of the Rocky Mountains, 9DIS John B. Bayard. Jr...... 505 N. 6th St.• Vincennes. Ind. 9DJL Leslie M. DeVoe ...... Zionsville. Ind. the Chronometer and Time Office at the Naval station at Mare Island, California, CALLS CANCELLED 9DJL Harold R. DeTuncq...... 1696 Ashland Ave., St. Paul. Minn. serving the Western territory and ships 9XS Manhattan Electrical Supply Co., Inc. 1106 Pine St.• St. Louis. Mo off the Pacific Coast. 9YR Munice Senior High SchooL ...... Munice, Ind. 9ZH Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ The Clocks Are Wrong, But- of the Latter Day Saints...... 202 Bowen St.. Independence, Mo. 9AYY Leon L. Drolet.__ ...... 265 Main St.• Bourbonnais. Ill. In a deep, even-temperature vault at 9BSH Clarence Stallman...... 312 B. East St .• Hutchinson. Kat!s. 9DIS Robert BartL.. _...... 1515 State St., LaCrosse. Wise. the Naval Observatory three Riefler 9ZD Edward C. Stockmann...... 140 W. Third Ave., Denver, Colo. clocks keep sidereal, or star ti me, and 9UH Bert S. Brown...... 26 Alexandria Pike, Clifton. Ky. 9ZZ Walter M. Aronson and Albert R. although they 'are not quite correct, it Perkins...... 3952 Bellview St.• Kansas City. Mo. doesn't matter. They are checked by WAAP Otto W. Taylor. c-o United Electric Co. 441 N. Roosevelt St.. Wichita. Kans. WFAK Domestic Electric Company...... 7908 Eulalie St .• Brentwood. Mo. t he observation of certain stars as they WBAE Bradley Polytechnic Institute ..... _...... Institute Place. Peoria. Ill. cross the meridian, and their exact WQX Walter A. KuehL:...... Riverview Park. Western and Belmont. Chicago.- Ill. WAAE St. Louis Chamber of Commerce ...... 511 Locust St.• St. Louis, Mo. error and rates of error calculated. Having 9YA I Transylvania University ...... Third and Broadway. Lexington. Ky. obtained the exact \Vashington sidereal WCAZ Robert E. Compton and Quincy Whig-JournaL ...... Quincy, Ill. t ime, a correction for the difference in WKH The Midland Refining Company ...... Norfolk Ave .• and 4th St .. Norfolk. Nebr. longitude of Washington and the 75th CHANGES IN ADDRESS. meridian, which is eight minutes and 9BCV Joyce E. Prather...... 100 Oak St .. Mounds, Ill. a bout fifteen seconds, is made to secure 9PP Harry F. Wilson ...... 1105 Franklin Ave .• Normal. Ill. 9APK Harry B. Smith...... 114 Ridge Ave .• Evanston, Ill. Eastern standard time. This is kept on 9AKR Albert C. Mertz ... _...... Byron, Ill. t wo transmitting clocks, one of which 9ATT Stanley E. Fey...... 402 Armory St., Champaign. Ill. 9KM Lawton Biddle...... 442 Bosart Ave .• Indianapolis. Ind. sends out the time signal to the three 9DH James Schulz ...... 9th and Cedar Sts., St. Paul. Minn. radio transmitting stations by means of a 9AZR Harold C. Armagost...... 327 W. 4th St., Florence. Kans. relay. 9DXO Vivian F. Munson...... 328 Williard St .• Kewanee. Ill. 9AMI J. Emerson Decker...... 119 Secon.d St .• S. E .. ~aso!hCi111 Iowa Previously to sending the time signals, 9DSH Earl Sullaway...... 212 N. Clinton St .• Col InSV! e, . t he sending clock is checked with one of 9LN Waldo C. GroveL_...... 3214 S. Colfax St.• Minneapolis. Minn. 9AJY Walter J. Hammond._...... 616 E. 23rd St.• Pittsburg. Kans. t he standard Riefler clocks, by compa r­ 9AJH John G. Beckley and N. H. Reeve...... 304 Chestnut St .. W estern Springs. Ill. 9ANF Harry C. Harvey... _...... 135 N. 13th St.• Lincoln. Nebr. ing t heir ticks, which are recorded on a 9DPL Charles J. Bowers...... 1131 Virginia Ave .• Kansas City . Kans. chronograph, wavy pen lines indicating 9DGN Russell Pelle...... 2704 Jefferson St., Louisville. Ky. t he sepa rate ticks. These are measured 9BGD Irving H. Cohen...... 241 E. 60th St., Chieago. Ill. WDAP Midwest Radio Central. Inc ...... _...... Drake Hotel. Chicago. Ill. by a fin ely divided sca le a nd compa red. 9CSK· Harry G. Crofts._...... Carrier Mills, Ill. D et ermining the error, the sending 9BAX Burton F. Miller...... Box No. 165. Coloma. Wisc. 9BBF Ernest T. Sperling. __ ...... 21 S. Jefferson St.. New Ulm. Minn. clock is speeded up or slowed electrica ll y 9BAZ John B. Wathan ...... R. R. No.1. Box 97, Mocking Bird Valley. Louisville.K y. until its ticks correspond exactl y with 9BBL Ralph Schwartz...... 616 Montgomery St., Shelbyville. Ind. 9BBR Joseph A. Brence._...... 920 Adams St., Waukegan, III. t he st a nda rd clock. 9A IL Rudolph W. Martin ...... Rochester St., Mukwanago. Wise. 9DSL James H. Best...... :...... ~ Cincinnati. Iowa How to Get the Right Time by Radio 9EP John W. Coleman ...... 211 N. Broadway, Lexington. Ky. 9AL X Stanley Tollman ...... 3927 Beachwood Ave .. Pine Lawn, Mo. The t icks of the tra ns mitting clock a re 9DPB Floyd K. Johnston...... 3319 Larimore Ave., Omaha. N ebr. sent to t he t hree tra nsmitting stations 9QG Robert E. Hughes...... 519 Asbury Ave., Evanston. Ill. by closing a s witch a t the obser vator y, BROADCASTING. but they a re broadcasted by ra dio fro m WAAP U nited Electric Co ...... 441 Roosevelt St.. Wichita. Kans. W LAG Cutting & Washington Ra

The exposition will be conducted along the same general lines that made a success of the FIRST NATIONAL RADIO EXPOSITION held in Chicago last June. We recognize that the boys are the active vehicle by which radio is carried into the home. As with the First National, the same with the Second National, we will have the various schools exhibiting and the students making radio apparatus for which many prizes will be given Interest the Boy and he will sell Dad WRITE TODA Y FOR DIA GRAM SECOND NATIONAL RADIO EXPOSITION 41 7 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, Illinois - Burgess, the Radio Battery -construction fully patented When you buy a Burgess "B" est cost per hour of service. It Battery you get more than long means long shelf life and high­ life, noiselessness, high capacity est current capacity. It means and moderate price. You get that Burgess "B" Batteries are also Burgess special radio con# the best radio batteries it is struction, perfected by wireless possible to produce. Don't take specialists and fully patented! our word for it-ask any radio engineer. This exclusive radio construc­ Leading manufacturers of radio tion is found in no other battery equipment specify "Burgess." Burgess on the market to-day. "B" Batteries are handled by all pro­ gressive jobbers and dealers. "Look What does this mean to users for the Black and White Stripes." of radio batteries? It means And if your dealer doesn't handle clear receiving. It means low.. Burgess "B," just address: BURGESS BATTERY COMPANY Engineers"':"'" Dry Batteries,...... Manufacturers Offices and Warehouses at: CHICAGO, ILL, 111 W. Monroe St. NEW YORK. N. Y., 50 Church St. BOSTON, MASS., 136 Federal St. ST. PAUL. MINN •• 2362 University Ave. KANSAS CITY, MO •• 2109 Grand Ave. MADISON, WIS •• Main and Brearly su. BUR"ntssIn Canada: BURGESS BATIERIES, Ltd. "B" BATTE RI ES

· ~SK ANY RADIO ENGfNEER" Scanned from the collections of The Library of Congress

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