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VOLUME Val 2006 Number 1 LIBERIAN STUDIES JOURNAL 12. - 11. 10* PI& Wm.,. ie., nom" eso.n end eft OsOpnalbest wed an N141 narp . not 1000, adlak onctromr or acsownene. -Guectadou linled NaMenc. nde C5i. oma inje GUINEA ("'"'.-.'1._( ,/ 5 0 S ERRA LE NE Kmahun gued.i .koirshun° a Rie0 ti O P 4.°!),-"Vahurt " -6G131 e,,,* L (e) A `per Nzanikorio Zona, / , .,,,r. yW ...p. ---- :... t t Saniqu Do 0G.P0 ,i., BP.,...., 1 Gahnpa Kahn* °Bondaia GRARPOL,.....,, /tgants1 .. GR AND 13.0000A I. G,,,,,,,,i Palate Kpew saoe,* --e......., fik, CAPE '''''"'',, nenSuzauk:ko_ osotiSt; Ciy. MOUNT el ut.- . Robertspon*.:-., &kr Town - ' 130MT ....., .4,÷a1A RC I itt,....1 ,. P j Tapetao Brearervila . -i.r9 74.:11..-'m ! 0GaCiyi 0 Monrovia TON ,.,_,,:j45.71.9.1/41a (Kola Tounk 4. ' 491Y-' BAS NA /Gam MONTSERRADO ---- , 'Mush.. Poeta° Towata ,.. H. (Taw Town 0 Tchien \ ; , RIVER CESS ,., 1 Trade' oGiaMi Hucaanan-,.Caen GRAND GEDEH D.b1 LIBERIA Tur o :7 COTE Duaboo Gallo iniernational boundary -- t D'IVOIRE A9Relottehn":;:''42 ":. County boundary --- River Cass O National capital Yaliskahn ypb.14, O PP County capital SINOE R GEE.1"c").' o Town, efiah Town Senna-warm Th.,t. Road Railroad ATLANTIC -+ Airport Kodak. OCEAN Nana Krug- ° m w eo "u" Samicavaq,. 1:6 10 20 30 40 SO. Grand iPtibo C Pakm, 11. tr. Harper Yap Ha 317S R.. utarro .110.1S Fe0rtary 2003 OwwwwI P.. inbaww Published by THE LIBERIAN STUDIES ASSOCIATION, INC. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor LIBERIAN STUDIES JOURNAL Editorial Policy The Liberian Studies Journal is dedicated to the publication of original research on social, politi- cal, economic, scientific, and other issues about Liberia or with implications for Liberia. Opin- ions of contributors to the Journal do not necessarily reflect the policy of the organizations they represent or the Liberian Studies Association, publisher of the Journal. Manuscript Requirements Manuscripts submitted for publication should not exceed 25 typewritten, double-spaced pages, with margins of one-and a-half inches. The page limit includes graphs, references, tables and appendices. Authors may, in addition to their manuscripts, submit a computer disk of their work preferably in MS Word 2000 or WordPerfect 6.1 for Windows. Notes and references should be placed at the end of the text with headings, e.g., Notes; References. Notes, if any, should precede the references. The Journal is published in June and December. Deadline for the first issue is February, and for the second, August. Manuscripts should include a cover page that provides the title of the text, author's name, address, phone number, e-mail address, and affiliation. Anonymous referees will review all works. Manuscripts are accepted in English and French. Manuscripts must conform to the editorial style of either the Chicago Manual of Style, or The American Psychological Association (APA), or Modern Language Association (MLA). Authors should send their manuscripts for consideration by regular mail or e-mail attachments to: Amos J. Beyan, Editor Liberian Studies Journal Friedmann Hall, Department of History Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 269-387-2664 All Book Reviews should be mailed to: Phyllis Belt-Beyan, Associate Editor Liberian Studies Journal College of Education, Teaching, Learning & Leadership 3418 Sangren Hall Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 269-387-3898 PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor VOLUME XXXI 2006 Number 1 LIBERIAN STUDIES JOURNAL Editor Amos J. Beyan Western Michigan University Associate Editor Phyllis Belt-Beyan Western Michigan University Book Review Editor Tim Geysbeek Grand Valley State University EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: William C. Allen, Virginia State University D. Elwood Dunn, Sewanee - The University of the South James N. J. Kollie, Sr., University of Liberia Alpha M. Bah, College of Charleston Warren d'Azevedo, University of Nevada Momo K. Rogers, Kpazolu Media Enterprises Christopher Clapham, Lancaster University Yekutiel Gershoni, Tel Aviv University Thomas Hayden, Society of African Missions Lawrence Breitborde, Knox College Svend E. Holsoe, University of Delaware Romeo E. Philips, Kalamazoo College Coroann Okorodudu, Rowan College of N. J. Henrique E Tokpa, Cuttington University College LIBERIAN STUDIES ASSOCIATION BOARD OF DIRECTORS: Alpha M. Bah, College of Charleston, President Mary Moran, Colgate University, Secretary-Treasurer James Guseh, North Carolina State University, Parliamentarian Yekutiel Gershoni, Tel Aviv University, Past President Timothy A. Rainey, Johns Hopkins University Joseph Holloway, California State University-Northridge FORMER EDITORS Al-Hassan Conteh Amos J. Beyan C. William Allen Edward J. Biggane D. Elwood Dunn Svend Holsoe Jo Sullivan Edited at the History Department, Western Michigan University The Editors and Advisory Board gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Diether H. Haenicke, Institute for International and Areas Studies, the History Department, and the Department of Teaching, Learning, and Leadership, Western Michigan University. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor CONTENTS ORATION: READJUSTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF LIBERIA AS AN AFRICAN STATE - DELIVERED AT THE CELBRATION OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF LIBERIA AT MONROVIA, LIBERIA - JULY 26, 1921 by Momolu Massaquoi 1 MAKING HISTORY: THE CASE OF A GOLA ORIGIN TALE by Warren L. D'Azevedo 16 ASSIMILATE AND BE YE LITERATE: A CRITICAL INQUIRY OF THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF LIBERIAN STUDENTS IN A U. S. HIGH SCHOOL by Richard de Gourville 29 FATIMATA MASSAQUOI FAHNBULLEH - PIONEER WOMAN EDUCATOR, 1912-1978 by Raymond J. Smyke 43 GLUTEN IN FOODS LIBERIANS EAT: IMPLICATIONS ABOUT SULFUR AND NITROGEN METABOLISM IN AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN HEALTH by Cyril E. Broderick 54 WOMEN WHO MADE A DIFFERENCE: A SPECIAL RECORD by Stanton Peabody 63 A refereed journal that emphasizes the social sciences, humanities and the natural sciences, the Liberian Studies Journal is a semiannual publication devoted to studies on Africa's oldest Repub- lic. The annual subscription rate is US$40.00, US$15.00 for students, and US$50.00 for insti- tutions. It includes membership in the Liberian Studies Association, Inc. All manuscripts and related matters should be addressed to Dr. Amos J. Beyan, Editor, Liberian Studies Journal, Friedmann Hall, Department of History, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008. Subscriptions and other business matters should be directed to Dr. Mary Moran, Secre- tary-Treasurer, Liberian Studies Association, Inc., Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346-1398. E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2006 by the Liberian Studies Association ISSN 0024 1989 PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor BOOK REVIEWS Wesley, Patricia Jabbeh, Before the Palm Could Bloom Wesley, Patricia Jabbeth, Becoming Ebony by Robert H. Brown 90 Beyan, Amos J., African American Settlements in West Africa: John Brown Russwurm and the American Civilizing Efforts by Opolot Okia 94 NEW STUDIES ON OR RELEVANT TO LIBERIA 98 DOCUMENTS 111 PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor Oration: Readjustment and Development of Liberia as an African State Delivered at the Celebration of the Independence of Liberia at Monrovia, Liberia July 26, 1921 Honorable Momolu Massaquoi* When the King of Grenada was forced to abdicate the Alhambra, he cried bitterly: whereupon his mother thus rebuked him "Do not cry like a woman for what you have not defended like a man." Fellow Citizens! Let us cherish the hope that it may never be said unto us by the mothers or women of Liberia, "Do not cry like a woman for having failed to possess and maintain like a man this sacred heritage-the Lone Star-which by divine right is yours." The Message which I bring to you this morning, is from the Hinterland of our Country and constitutes a plea for a new line of thought and defense for your serious and solemn consideration. We have therefore chosen as a subject for this hour: Readjustment and Development of Liberia as an African State. This being my theme, I must diverge from the wonted paths of the learned men and women who have preceded me in addressing you from this platform on similar occasions, and who in those addresses have furnished a more or less complete outline of our achievements in the past. But I cannot pass over the great deeds of our noble Sires without at least saying a few words of commendation. Constructive Statesmanship was more efficient and abundant among the Fathers. They founded the State, they wrote the Constitution, they suggested and designed the flag, they instituted the Courts, they organized the military system, they negotiated treaty relationship with native Kings, Princesses, Chiefs and Headmen. They secured recognition of the Great Powers, namely: England in 1848, France, Italy and the Gov- * The late Honorable Momolu Massaquoi,
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