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Know Types of Domestic Plumbing and Heating Pipework and Their Jointing Principles

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Know Types of Domestic Plumbing and Heating Pipework and Their Jointing Principles Unit 04 Common processes and techniques Quick recap LO1 – hand and power tools Remember, you don’t have to rush out and buy everything we’ve shown you in the last session get the essentials first to start with and then build up your tool kit over time. By essentials we’re looking at: Tape measure, spirit level and pencil Hacksaw - frame and junior Pipe cutters – 3 to 30mm and 3 to 22mm adjustable Trimming knife Plastic pipe cutters Round file, flat file, rasp and wire wool Pry/nail bar Claw and club hammer 16mm and 32mm wood chisels Cold chisel and bolster 15 and 22mm bending spring (or hand lever bender or both) Water pump pliers Adjustable pipe wrench – 250mm Adjustable spanner – 150mm Swivel action adjustable wrench Pliers Mole grips Range of drill bits Screwdriver set or ratchet driver Pointing trowel Blow lamp Tool box 18 or 20v Combination hammer drill 18v circular saw Remember, buy the best quality you can afford and look after your tools ensuring that they are regularly cleaned and maintained. Activity 5 We think it would be a great idea if, using the list above as a guide, you made your own list by using the Ridgid and DeWalt websites selecting the tools you like. Whilst you’re doing this, make a note of the prices and see what the total cost is at the end. Once you’ve done that, it’s time to move on to LO 2, types of domestic plumbing and heating pipework and their jointing principles. Unit 04 Common processes and techniques LO 2: Know types of domestic plumbing and heating pipework and their jointing principles At the end of this session: You will know types of domestic plumbing and heating pipework and their jointing principles To achieve this, you will be able to: Identify pipework materials and sizes used in dwellings State methods of jointing new hot and cold water pipe to existing lead pipework Identify fitting types used in dwellings Describe methods of jointing pipework used in dwellings Describe methods of bending pipework used in dwellings So far then we’ve looked at the range of hand and power tools that plumbers’ use to carry out their various plumbing tasks. Next we’re going to look at the various pipework materials that plumbers work with, together with the techniques they use for joining and bending them. This is a really big LO section, so make sure you take plenty of breaks. Let’s get started with AC 1. AC 1 Identify pipework materials and sizes used in dwellings What do you think are the pipework materials that are used by plumbers? Jot down your thoughts against the bullet point list. If you put down Copper Steel Plastic Lead Unit 04 Common processes and techniques You’re on the right lines; let’s take a look at this list in more detail. Copper There are a number of copper tube products on the market. One of the market leaders is Yorkshire Copper Tube. They have a number of brands that are classified under ‘plain tube’ and ‘covered tube’, more about that later. For now, copper tube for plumbing comes in three categories, these are: R220 R250 R290. They used to be categorised as table Y, table X and table W, but are now classified under BS EN 1057, temper condition (material strength) and designated with an ‘R’ number; the higher number indicating a stronger material. BS and EN is an abbreviation for British Standard European Norm, which in short means it’s a standard recognised throughout Europe. Soft condition is denoted R220 Half hard R250 and Hard R290. Because of the variety of sizes, both diameter and thickness should be specified when ordering to BS EN 1057. This will normally be specified on a larger contract by the design engineer. For smaller jobs, particularly when pipe bending rather than fittings are required, half hard R250 if ideal. It’s important however that you’re aware of the different categories as it will have a bearing on the types of jobs they’re used for, let’s take a look. Plain tube R220 (formerly known as Table W): R220 tube is used for minibore (small diameter) heating pipework, and is fully annealed. Minibore sizes include 6, 8 and 10mm diameters and tubes are supplied in lengths of up to 50 meters. Typical lengths being 3, 10, 20, 25 and 50m. Do you know what we mean by the term ‘annealed’? This is a process of heating the copper and then allowing it to cool; the process changes the properties of the copper, in this case making it softer to work with. Typical uses for minibore includes: Central heating R220 minibore supplied in coils Behind dry wall liners Unit 04 Common processes and techniques Under suspended floors Through false ceilings Cabling applications Unobtrusive surface fitting The pipe lengths can be formed into wide radius bends or offsets without the use of bending equipment. For short radius bends a number of purpose made hand formers are on the market, remember the tribender in the tool section? That would be used for bending microbore tube. What do you think would be an advantage of using R220 tubes? Because R220 is supplied in long coils it can be used in long lengths without the need for joints, so it’s great for use under suspended floors and behind dry wall linings where there’s no chance of a leak from a fitting. R220 tubes are also available in diameters of 12, 15 and 22 OD. You’ll see the OD reference used for copper pipe sizes; it simply means that the measurement is taken from the ‘outside diameter’ of the pipe. 12, 15mm and 22mm R220 tubes are supplied in 20m lengths. Typical uses for 12 15, and 22mm R220 includes: Drinking water Central heating Sanitation Gas Underground services (plastic coated, more about plastic coated later). R250 half hard lengths R250 is widely used for domestic installations. It’s classified as half hard, which means it can be easily bent without annealing. It has pipe diameters ranging from 12mm to 54mm, although for domestic purposes, 28mm is likely to be the largest diameter used. As with R220, its diameter is always specified as its external measurement; the tubes are normally available in 6m lengths (or in some cases 5.8m), although most merchants will also supply in 1, 2 and 3m lengths. R250 tube should not be used for underground services. Typical uses for R250 includes: Drinking Water Central Heating Sanitation Hot and cold water Gas Unit 04 Common processes and techniques R290 hard lengths R290 is known as hard or ‘hard drawn’ tube. It’s available in straight lengths straight but only in diameters from 35mm to 159mm for the plumbing industry. R290 tube cannot be bent without localised annealing and tends to be used on large scale industrial or commercial heating systems Chromium plated R250 and R290 tube is also available in diameters, for us in plumbing, of 15, 22 and 28mm and in lengths of 2 or 3 meters. Where do you think plumbers would find the need to use chromium plated copper tube? Chrome plating used where pipework is exposed to the eye, and an attractive finish is required. A typical example is where a cold water pipe is mounted on a tiled wall surface on its way to an instantaneous electric shower unit. Covered tube This where copper tube is coated in a seamless plastic cover which protects the it against aggressive materials. The cover eliminates time-consuming wrapping operations. It’s also colour coded to identify the services carried in accordance with UK local authority specifications and BS 1710: 1984, “Specification for identification of pipelines and services”. Typical colours: Yellow ochre – gases (except air) Green or blue – water White – hot water systems Minibore tube is covered in PVC (Polyvinylchloride) whilst other products are covered in LDPE (Low Density Polythene) That’s about it on copper tube, but we’ve got a couple of great links. Firstly a link to the product section of the Yorkshire Copper Tube site: http://yorkshirecopper.com/our-products/ Please take time to have a look at this area, it shows the products that we’ve been talking about here, and while you’re on the site why not having a general look around. The other thing you need to do is click the ‘Technical Guide’ link on their website, or click on the link below. You need to download this PDF and save it to a folder. Don’t try to read through it all now, but have a look at paragraph 1.3 ‘Copper Tube Development’ and the tables showing the various pipe sizes etc. Keep the document handy, it will be a really useful reference later on. http://yorkshirecopper.com/wp-content/uploads/Technical-Guide-full-issue-02_14_Really2.pdf Unit 04 Common processes and techniques Steel If you put down steel earlier, we’ll give you that, but more accurately plumbers’ use low carbon steel and even more specifically medium grade. In the trade, it’s often referred to as mild steel. Low carbon steel (LCS) pipe is supplied in three grades: Light – which is identified by the colour code brown Medium – colour code blue Heavy – colour code red It’s available either in a painted black or red finish (the colour coding is a painted band on the pipe), or with galvanised coating (galvanizing is a process that provides a coat of zinc to LCS pipe and provides resistance to corrosion).
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