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Das Wohlergehen Von Tieren in Der Europäischen Union

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Das Wohlergehen Von Tieren in Der Europäischen Union GENERALDIREKTION INTERNE POLITIKBEREICHE FACHABTEILUNG C: BÜRGERRECHTE UND KONSTITUTIONELLE ANGELEGENHEITEN PETITIONEN Das Wohlergehen von Tieren in der Europäischen Union STUDIE Abriss Die vorliegende Studie wurde auf Anforderung des Petitionsausschusses von der Fachabteilung für Bürgerrechte und konstitutionelle Angelegenheiten in Auftrag gegeben und zeigt auf, dass die EU-Strategie und die EU-Rechtsvorschriften über das Wohlergehen von Tieren weltweit für einen sehr guten Ruf der EU gesorgt und Tieren geholfen haben. Allerdings gibt es für die meisten in der EU gehaltenen Tierarten keine gesetzlichen Regelungen. Dies gilt auch für einige der schlimmsten Missstände in Verbindung mit dem Wohlergehen von Tieren, weshalb ein allgemeines Gesetz über das Wohlergehen von Tieren und konkrete Gesetze für mehrere Tierarten benötigt werden. In vielen handelsbezogenen und tierspezifischen Rechtsvorschriften sollten Empfindungsfähigkeit und Wohlergehen der Tiere unter Verwendung wissenschaftlich korrekter Terminologie genannt werden. PE 583.114 DE ÜBER DIE VERÖFFENTLICHUNG Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit wurde von dem Petitionsausschuss des Europäischen Parlaments angefordert und von der Fachabteilung für Bürgerrechte und konstitutionelle Angelegenheiten in Auftrag gegeben, überwacht und veröffentlicht. Die Fachabteilungen liefern den internen und externen unabhängigen Sachverstand zur Unterstützung der Ausschüsse des Europäischen Parlaments und anderer parlamentarischer Gremien bei der Ausarbeitung der Gesetzgebung und Ausübung der demokratischen Kontrolle über die externen und internen Politikbereiche der EU. Kontakt zur Fachabteilung für Bürgerrechte und konstitutionelle Angelegenheiten oder Bestellung des monatlichen Newsletters: [email protected] Für die Forschung zuständiger Verwaltungsrat Ottavio MARZOCCHI Fachabteilung C: Bürgerrechte und konstitutionelle Angelegenheiten Europäisches Parlament B-1047 Brüssel E-Mail: [email protected] AUTOR Professor em. Donald M. BROOM Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin Universität Cambridge Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES Vereinigtes Königreich SPRACHFASSUNGEN Original: EN Übersetzung: DE Redaktionsschluss: Januar, 2017. © Europäische Union, 2017. Dieses Dokument ist im Internet unter folgender Adresse abrufbar: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/de/supporting-analyses-search.html HAFTUNGSAUSSCHLUSS Die hier vertretenen Auffassungen geben die Meinung des Verfassers wieder und entsprechen nicht unbedingt dem Standpunkt des Europäischen Parlaments. Nachdruck und Übersetzung der Veröffentlichung – außer zu kommerziellen Zwecken – mit Quellenangabe gestattet, sofern der Herausgeber vorab unterrichtet und ihm ein Exemplar übermittelt wird. Das Wohlergehen von Tieren in der Europäischen Union _________________________________________________________________________ INHALT ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS 6 LISTE DER TABELLEN 8 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 9 1. EINLEITUNG 13 1.1. Plan der Studie 13 1.2. Der Autor 13 1.3. Bezugnahmen auf Petitionen und Publikationen 14 2. DAS WISSENSCHAFTLICHE KONZEPT DES WOHLERGEHENS VON TIEREN 15 2.1. Wohlergehen und verwandte Konzepte 15 2.2. Wohlergehen, Ethik und Rechte 17 2.3. Die Verwendung von Begriffen im Zusammenhang mit dem Wohlergehen von Tieren in Dokumenten der EU 18 3. DAS WOHLERGEHEN VON TIEREN ALS TEIL DER NACHHALTIGKEIT UND DER PRODUKTQUALITÄT 19 3.1. Das Konzept der Nachhaltigkeit 19 3.2. Die Vorstellungen von Produktqualität ändern sich 20 3.3. Chancen für die Tierindustrien 20 4. DAS WOHLERGEHEN VON TIEREN IM VERHÄLTNIS ZUR TIERGESUNDHEIT 21 4.1. Die Begriffe „Gesundheit“ und „Wohlergehen“ 21 4.2. Wechselwirkungen zwischen Krankheit und Wohlergehen 22 5. DER ONE-HEALTH-ANSATZ 24 6. EINE KURZE GESCHICHTE DER EU-RECHTSVORSCHRIFTEN UND STRATEGIEN ÜBER DAS WOHLERGEHEN VON TIEREN 26 6.1. Rechtsvorschriften 26 6.2. Andere politische Strategien 29 7. INTERNATIONALE AUSWIRKUNGEN DER EU-RECHTSVORSCHRIFTEN UND STRATEGIEN ÜBER DAS WOHLERGEHEN VON TIEREN 31 7.1. Wohlergehen von Tieren, Ansehen der EU und der WTO 31 7.2. Die Auswirkung der EU-Praxis, Entscheidungen nach Untersuchung des Sachverhalts zu treffen 33 7.3. Die politische Strategie der EU zum Wohlergehen von Tieren und Weltorganisationen 34 7.4. Auswirkungen von EU-Rechtsvorschriften über das Wohlergehen von Kälbern auf Drittländer 35 3 Fachabteilung C: Bürgerrechte und konstitutionelle Angelegenheiten _________________________________________________________________ 7.5. Auswirkungen von EU-Rechtsvorschriften über das Wohlergehen von Geflügel auf Drittländer 35 7.6. Auswirkungen von EU-Rechtsvorschriften über das Wohlergehen von Schweinen auf Drittländer 36 7.7. Auswirkungen von EU-Rechtsvorschriften über das Wohlergehen von Tieren während des Transports auf Drittländer 36 7.8. Auswirkungen von EU-Rechtsvorschriften über das Wohlergehen von Tieren während des Schlachtens auf Drittländer 36 7.9. Auswirkungen von EU-Rechtsvorschriften über das Wohlergehen von Labortieren auf Drittländer 37 7.10. Auswirkungen des Wohlergehens von Tieren in der EU im Zusammenhang mit Rechtsvorschriften über leistungssteigernde Mittel, Klonen und genetische Veränderungen auf Drittländer 38 8. EINSTELLUNGEN DER ÖFFENTLICHKEIT ZUM WOHLERGEHEN VON TIEREN UND DER WERT VON EU-RECHTSVORSCHRIFTEN ÜBER DAS WOHLERGEHEN VON TIEREN FÜR VERBRAUCHER UND FÜR TIERNUTZUNGSINDUSTRIEN 40 8.1. Einstellungen gegenüber Tieren 40 8.2. Öffentliches Interesse an dem Wohlergehen von Tieren 41 8.3. Einstellungen von Nutzern von Tieren 42 8.4. Einstellungen gegenüber dem Wohlergehen von Tieren und Verbraucherdruck 43 8.5. Der Nutzen von EU-Rechtsvorschriften über das Wohlergehen von Tieren für Verbraucher 44 8.6. Der Nutzen von EU-Rechtsvorschriften über das Wohlergehen von Tieren für Tiernutzungsindustrien 46 9. RECHTSVORSCHRIFTEN ÜBER DAS WOHLERGEHEN VON TIEREN, IHRE DURCHSETZUNG UND IHRE AUSWIRKUNG AUF TIERE 49 9.1. Tierische Erzeugnisse und Wohlergehen von Tieren: Gesetze, Normen und ihre Durchsetzung 49 9.2. Das Wohlergehen von Tieren während des Transports: Gesetze, Normen und ihre Durchsetzung 51 9.3. Das Wohlergehen von Tieren bei der Schlachtung: Gesetze, Normen und ihre Durchsetzung 52 9.4. Tatsächliche Auswirkungen von Gesetzen, Standards und ihrer Durchsetzung auf das Wohlergehen von Tieren 53 9.5. Die Folgen des Wohlergehens von Tieren auf die Kosten für die Einhaltung von Gesetzen und Einfuhren aus Drittländern 54 10. DEFIZITE DER AKTUELLEN RECHTSVORSCHRIFTEN UND POLITISCHEN STRATEGIEN DER EU ÜBER DAS WOHLERGEHEN VON TIEREN 55 10.1. Die Allgemeingültigkeit von Rechtsvorschriften und politischen Strategien der EU über das Wohlergehen von Tieren 55 4 Das Wohlergehen von Tieren in der Europäischen Union _________________________________________________________________________ 10.2. Wissenschaftliche Berichte der EFSA und ihrer Vorgängerbehörden, die nicht zu Rechtsvorschriften geführt haben 56 10.3. Welche Tiere werden in der EU in größter Zahl gehalten? 58 10.4. Das Ausmaß der Missstände im Zusammenhang mit dem Wohlergehen von Tieren und Rechtsvorschriften der EU 58 10.5. Der Wortlaut von EU-Rechtsvorschriften, die sich direkt auf das Wohlergehen von Tieren beziehen 62 10.6. Andere EU-Rechtsvorschriften, die sich auf das Wohlergehen von Tieren auswirken können 63 11. JÜNGSTE ÄNDERUNGEN IN POLITISCHEN STRATEGIEN DER EU ZUM WOHLERGEHEN VON TIEREN UND IHRE MÖGLICHEN FOLGEN 64 11.1. Kurze Beschreibung der jüngsten Änderungen in politischen Strategien zum Wohlergehen von Tieren 64 11.2. Folgen der Änderungen: Allgemeine Bereiche 65 11.3. Folgen der Änderungen: Bessere Durchsetzung und Aufklärung 66 11.4. Folgen der Änderungen: kein allgemeines Gesetz zum Wohlergehen von Tieren 66 11.5. Folgen der Änderungen: Tiere, die nicht geschützt sind 67 11.6. Folgen der Änderungen: Ein ausgewogenes Verhältnis zwischen Maßnahmen zur Durchsetzung von Gesetzen und dem Erlass neuer Rechtsvorschriften 67 12. HANDLUNGSOPTIONEN FÜR KÜNFTIGE POLITISCHE STRATEGIEN DER EU ZUM WOHLERGEHEN VON TIEREN 69 12.1. Durchsetzung und Aufklärung 69 12.2. Wissenschaftliche Forschungsarbeiten über das Wohlergehen von Tieren 70 12.3. Aufnahme des Wohlergehens und der Empfindungsfähigkeit von Tieren in alle einschlägigen Rechtsvorschriften 71 12.4. Ein Gesetz zum Wohlergehen von Tieren 71 12.5. Prioritäten für neue EU-Rechtsvorschriften 72 Literaturverzeichnis 74 Anhang 1 - TIERSCHUTZRELEVANTE LÜCKEN IN EU- RECHTSVORSCHRIFTEN UND STRATEGIEN 85 5 Fachabteilung C: Bürgerrechte und konstitutionelle Angelegenheiten _________________________________________________________________ ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS BST Bovine Somatotropin (Rindersomatropin) BTSF Better Training for Safer Food (Bessere Schulung für sicherere Lebensmittel) Committee of Professional Agricultural Organisations and General COPA- Committee for Agricultural Cooperation in the European Union COGECA (Ausschuss der berufsständischen landwirtschaftlichen Organisationen und Allgemeiner Ausschuss des ländlichen Genossenschaftswesens in der Europäischen Union) GAP Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik CIWF Compassion in World Farming DEFRA Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK (Ministerium für Umwelt, Ernährung und Angelegenheiten des ländlichen Raums des Vereinigten Königreichs ) Generaldirektion der Europäischen Kommission GD European College of Laboratory Animal Medicine ECLAM European Egg Packers and Traders Association (Verband der EEPTA europäischen Eierverpacker und Eierhändler) European Egg Processors Association (Verband der europäischen EEPA Eierverarbeiter) EFPIA Europäischer Dachverband
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