A GUIDE TO HISTORIC TRAILS butterfield trail civil war trails southwest trail trail of tears

Front cover, clockwise: Trail of Tears at Village Creek State Park, Southwest Trail in Lonoke County, Pea Ridge battle re-enactment

Above: Southwest Trail near Benton

For complete details, please visit Arkansas.com/heritagetrails

For complete details, please visit Arkansas.com/heritagetrails Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism Arkansas.com [email protected] 501-682-7777 Department of Arkansas Pea Ridge battle re-enactment Heritage Arkansasheritage.com attractions of interest along [email protected] the way. Rugged adventures, 501-324-9150 interesting characters and unique places are all here; however, not Arkansas Highway and everything of intrigue could be Transportation Department included in these pages. Arkansashighways.com [email protected] For more information, visit 501-569-2000 Arkansas.com/heritagetrails, Pea Ridge Battlefield where you’ll find interactive maps For general travel information, and much more to see and do on visit Arkansas.com or call each excursion. While traveling, 1-800-NATURAL to request a free be sure to look for the new Heri- Arkansas Vacation Planning Kit, tage Trail emblem on highway which includes an Arkansas Tour signage across the state. To learn Guide, State Parks Guide, Adven- more about Arkansas history and ture Guide, State Highway Map

Trail of Tears at Village Creek State Park Courtesy of Village Creek State Park heritage, contact the agencies that and Calendar of Events. produced this guide: Arkansas Heritage Trails

From the Arkansas Delta to the The Heritage Trails document Ozark Mountains and in every land and water routes along the geographic region in between, Trail of Tears, a mail route pre- Arkansas’s history and heritage is dating the Pony Express and Civil deeply rooted in its landscape. A War actions that determined the trip across the state can lead from fate of a nation divided. bottomlands to mid-America’s highest peaks In this brochure, you’ll find or from a legacy of Deep South maps illustrating each trail cotton culture to a town on the (pp. 12-13), a brief description edge of the Wild West frontier. of its historical significance and Courtesy of the Arkansas Southwest Trail Research Group Southwest Trail in Independence County 1 1 For complete details, please visit Arkansas.com/heritagetrails

Numbers correspond with maps on pages 12 and 13.

PLACES IN THE AREA

1 Maynard Pioneer Museum & Park – Housed in a century-old log cabin; depicts rural life in the late 1800s. Features a park with three pavilions, barbecue pits, playground and RV hook-ups. Ark. 328 W., Maynard. 870-647-2701. Seerandolphcounty.com. year-round. Features 60 cabins, a conference center, restaurant, 2 – theater, general store, gift shops Features an 1872 courthouse with and herb garden on-site. exhibits on local history and tours Off Ark. 5, 9 and 14 near of the Mary Woods No. 2 river­ Mountain View. 870-269-3851. boat, the White River’s last Ozarkfolkcenter.com. working paddlewheel boat. At press time, the Mary Woods No. 5 Thomas Tunstall Family 2 was being restored and closed Graves – Monuments located Cadron Blockhouse near Conway to the public. Please call ahead at the north end of the Pleasant for tour information. Ark. 69 Hill Cemetery near Sulphur Rock The Southwest Trail spans from St. Louis, , to Maynard, north of Newport. 870-523-2143. mark the graves of the Arkansas Arkansas, and then meanders across the state to Texarkana Arkansasstateparks.com. pioneer and his family. and into the Red River Valley of . see map on page 12 3 Old Independence 6 Historic Washington State Regional Museum – View Park – A 19th-century restora- Its Place in History In 1838, the uppermost portion exhibits on Native Americans, tion village preserving Arkansas’s of the Southwest Trail, known Civil War history, railroad and Confederate capital from 1863-65 What had been little more than a as the Benge Route, was used automotive industries and and the state’s largest collection footpath before Arkansas became to move Indians into more. 380 S. 9th St., Batesville. of antebellum homes open to the a territory became a Indian Territory (modern day 870-793-2121. Oirm.org. public. Interpretive programs and emigration route in the 1820s. In ) as part of the long, tours offered daily. Restaurant, 1831, the Southwest Trail became grueling Trail of Tears. Captain 4 – Living re-created blacksmith shop, the first federally sponsored road John Benge led the Cherokee into museum state park preserves weapons and printing museums, in the state. More than four-fifths Randolph County near Maynard traditional pioneer skills, such and horse-drawn surrey rides are of Arkansas’s population used to Smithville, through Batesville as quilting, blacksmithing, also on-site. U.S. 278, Washing- that route to enter the territory. to Fayetteville, where they joined pottery, weaving and other ton. 870-983-2684. Historic the main Northern Route. cabin crafts. Workshops offered washingtonstatepark.com.

2 3 For complete details, please visit Arkansas.com/heritagetrails

The Prairie Grove Campaign follows the routes of Union and Confederate soldiers during the in December 1862. see map on page 12

Its Place in History field, Missouri. General Francis Herron’s Union troops made While the Battle of Prairie Grove the 110-mile trek to Fayetteville resulted in a tactical draw, it in three days, then headed west essentially secured Northwest where they encountered Hind- Arkansas for the Union. man’s army on high ground at Prairie Grove on December 7. On December 3, 1862, Confeder- Herron and Hindman engaged Arkansas Air Museum ate General Thomas Hindman in a seesaw battle. Union troops entered the were on the verge of defeat when intent on crippling the Union Blunt pounced on Rebel forces. PLACES IN THE AREA racing planes of the 20s and 30s forces under General James G. Low on ammunition and having to Vietnam-era Army helicopters 7 Blunt at Cane Hill. Learning of suffered significant casualties, Prairie Grove Battlefield and a Navy carrier fighter. The Hindman’s advance, Blunt sent Hindman retreated south. State Park – One of America’s hangar where the planes are for reinforcements from Spring- most intact Civil War battlefields. housed is a former headquarters Walk the one-mile Battlefield for aviator training in the 40s Trail or take the five-mile driving and is one of the few remaining tour. Arkansas’s largest battle WWII-era aircraft hangars. re-enactment takes place here U.S. 71 S. at Drake Field next biennially in even-numbered to the Ozark Military Museum, years the first weekend in Fayetteville. 479-521-4947. December. U.S. 62, Prairie Arkairmuseum.org. Grove. 479-846-2990. Arkansasstateparks.com. 9 Ozark Military Museum – Military aircraft, vehicles and 8 Arkansas Air Museum – memorabilia. U.S. 71 S. at Drake Showcases Arkansas’s aviation Field next to Arkansas Air Mu- history through numerous seum, Fayetteville. 479-587-1941. displays of original artifacts and Ozarkmilitarymuseum.org. memorabilia from world-famous Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park 4 5 For complete details, please visit Arkansas.com/heritagetrails commanders were killed and one biking and horse trails on 4,300 captured, and the Rebel attack acres. 15930 U.S. 62, 10 miles at Elkhorn was blunted. Curtis north of Rogers. 479-451-8122. wheeled his army around and Nps.gov/peri. drove Van Dorn from the field on March 7, ending any hopes of the Confederates invading Missouri.

PLACES IN THE AREA

11 Shiloh Museum of Ozark History – Nestled in a two-acre, park-like setting, the museum offers exhibits, programs, special Pea Ridge National Military Park events and a research library on 10 Pea Ridge National the Arkansas . Includes Military Park – One of the best seven historic buildings, a

Pea Ridge battle reenactment preserved Civil War battlefields store and picnic tables. Free in the country. Offers a seven- admission. 118 W. Johnson mile, self-guided driving tour, Ave., Springdale. 479-750-8165. The Pea Ridge Campaign retraces the movements by Union 30-minute film, museum and Springdaleark.org/shiloh. and Confederate forces during one of the largest and most bookstore. Features hiking, pivotal battles fought west of the Mississippi, the in March 1862. see map on page 12

Its Place in History eral Franz Sigel at Bentonville, but Sigel fought free and joined On March 4, 1862, Confederate Curtis. Van Dorn’s army, badly General led his strung out along the advance Army of the West north from route, ended up splitting, half the Boston Mountains intent on hitting Curtis at Leetown, while crushing Union General Samuel the rest circled Big Mountain Curtis’ Army of the Southwest at to attack from the Springfield Pea Ridge, then invading Mis- to Fayetteville Road at Elkhorn souri. His cavalry nearly captured Tavern on March 6. The Lee­ a Union contingent under Gen- town fight ended after two Rebel Pea Ridge battle reenactment 6 7 For complete details, please visit Arkansas.com/heritagetrails PLACES IN THE AREA Federal troops entering Little Rock, 1863

12 Chalk Bluff Battlefield Park – The site of several skir- mishes during the Civil War. Interpretive plaques along a walk- ing trail detail the battle. Two miles north of U.S. 62 to Ark. 341, St. Francis. 870-598-2667. Civilwarbuff.org/st_francis.html. 16 Courtesy of the Arkansas History Commission MacArthur Museum of 13 Crowley’s Ridge State Military History – Located Park – Cabins, campgrounds, in the historic tower of the lakes, pavilions and trails. Old Arsenal, a National Ark. 168 southwest of Historic Landmark, the Paragould. 870-573-6751. birthplace of General Douglas Arkansasstateparks.com. MacArthur in 1880. Now houses a museum of Arkansas’s 14 Scott Plantation Settle- military history from territorial ment – Marker at Ashley’s days to present. 501 E. 9th St., Mill indicates the place where Little Rock. 501-376-4602. Confederate forces camped on Arkmilitaryheritage.com.

Courtesy of the Arkansas History Commission History Arkansas the of Courtesy September 7, 1863, when Union forces, advancing from Browns- 17 National Cemetery – DeValls Bluff, 1864 ville under Major General Fred- More than 22,000 veterans erick Steele, engaged the brigade from the Civil War to present The Little Rock Campaign covers the paths Union forces took to of Confederate Robert C. are laid to rest here. The land invade and capture Arkansas’s capital city. see map on page 12 Newton driving his troops west was originally the site of a Union toward Little Rock. Alexander Rd. encampment during the Civil off U.S. 165, Scott. 501-351-5737. War. 2523 Confederate Blvd., Its Place in History a rumor, Davidson continued Scottconnections.org. Little Rock. 501-324-6401. south, eventually linking up with Following the , a Union column from Helena 15 Marlsgate Plantation – 18 Old State House Museum rumors spread that Confederate led by General Restored Greek Revival plantation – Built in 1836, it is the oldest General had to capture Little Rock. Steele home. Open to groups and for surviving state capitol west planned to invade Missouri via flanked Rebel fortifications in special occasions. Off U.S. 165 of the Mississippi and now Crowley’s Ridge. Union General North Little Rock by crossing at Bearskin Lake. 2695 Bearskin serves as a museum of Arkansas John Wynn Davidson crossed the the near what Lake Rd., Scott. 501-961-1307. history. 300 W. Markham, St. Francis River at Chalk Bluff is now the Little Rock airport Little Rock. 501-324-9685. and headed down the ridge to and captured Little Rock on Oldstatehouse.com. stop Price. Realizing it was just September 10, 1863.

8 9 The Attack on Pine Bluff outlines approaches by Confederate forces that proved unsuccessful. see map on page 12

Its Place in History The next day, a patrol of Kansans encountered the Rebels as they Following the Federal occupation approached Pine Bluff, spoiling of Little Rock, Union General Marmaduke’s plans for a sneak Frederick Steele sent Colonel attack. Clayton, aided by freed ’s Fifth Kansas slaves who also fought along the and First Cavalry Regi- Arkansas River bank, fortified the ments to garrison Pine Bluff. On courthouse square with heavy

October 24, 1863, Confederate cotton bales. After a daylong Archives Collection/UALR Photograph UALR the of Courtesy General John Sappington Mar- battle, the Confederates fell back maduke set out from southern with Marmaduke reporting, “The General John Sappington Marmaduke Arkansas with an army intent on Federals fought like devils.” crushing Clayton’s small force. PLACES IN THE AREA Confederate soldiers

20 Pine Bluff/Jefferson 19 Arkansas Railroad County Historical Museum – Museum – Engine 819 and Exhibits include Native American other rolling stock, railroad artifacts, Civil War relics and memorabilia and model trains on African-American history. display. 1700 Port Rd., off U.S. 201 E. 4th St., Pine Bluff. 65-B, Pine Bluff. 870-535-8819. 870-541-5402. Arrailroadmuseum.com.

10 Commission History Arkansas the of Courtesy 11 SOUTHWEST TRAIL TRAIL OF TEARS 43 10 Pea Ridge 1 Maynard Pea Ridge 1 Maynard Bentonville Eureka Springs St. Francis Bentonville 42 Eureka Springs St. Francis Rogers 62 Rogers 62 63 Pocahontas 11 45 63 Pocahontas Springdale Harrison Springdale Harrison Smithville 34 8 9 Smithville Prairie Paragould Prairie Paragould Fayetteville 4 Sulphur 33 Fayetteville Grove Rock Grove Mountain View Jonesboro 35 36 Mountain View Sulphur Jonesboro Batesville 5 Batesville Rock 540 2 55 540 55 65 3 63 65 63 Jacksonport Newport Jacksonport Newport 40 44 40 Van Buren 67 Van Buren 67 40 Fort Smith Russellville Fort Smith Russellville Dardanelle Wynne Dardanelle 41 Wynne Conway Conway 37 Danville West Danville West 4010 22 Forrest City Memphis 4010 39 Forrest City Memphis North Des Arc North 22 Des Arc Little Rock18 23 Brinkley Little Rock18 23 Brinkley Jacksonville 40 Jacksonville 40 Lonoke DeValls Bluff 14 Lonoke DeValls Bluff 71 Little Rock 401 71 Little Rock 401 Scott Scott15 24 16 17 38 Hot Springs Hot Springs 25 Benton 49 Helena- Benton 49 Helena- 70 West Helena 70 20 West Helena Pine Bluff Pine Bluff Sheridan Sheridan DeQueen Arkadelphia DeQueen Arkadelphia 65 65 Okalona 30 Princeton Okalona 30 Princeton 371 371 79 79 Washington 6 Prescott 401 Washington Prescott 401 71 Monticello 71 Monticello 278 278 Hope Camden Hope Camden

Texarkana 407 Lake Village Texarkana 407 Lake Village 82 82 82 82 El Dorado El Dorado See page 2 See page 22

CIVIL WAR TRAILS BUTTERFIELD TRAIL 43 10 43 Pea Ridge Maynard 12 Pea Ridge Maynard Bentonville Eureka Springs St. Francis Bentonville 42 Eureka Springs St. Francis Rogers 11 62 Rogers 45 62 63 Pocahontas 63 Pocahontas Springdale 7 9 Harrison Springdale Harrison 8 Smithville 34 Smithville Prairie Fayetteville 33 13 Paragould Prairie Fayetteville Paragould Grove Sulphur Grove 35 36 Mountain View Rock Jonesboro Mountain View Sulphur Jonesboro Batesville 5 Batesville Rock 540 21 55 540 55 65 3 63 65 63 Jacksonport Newport Jacksonport Newport 40 44 40 Van Buren 67 Van Buren 67 40 Russellville 40 Russellville Fort Smith Fort Smith 38 Dardanelle 41 Wynne Dardanelle 41 Wynne Conway 37 Conway Danville West Danville West 4010 22 Forrest City Memphis 4010 22 Forrest City Memphis North Des Arc North Des Arc 18 23 Brinkley Little Rock18 23 Brinkley Little Rock Jacksonville 40 Jacksonville 40 Lonoke DeValls Bluff Lonoke DeValls Bluff 71 Little Rock 14 401 71 Little Rock 14 401 16 Scott15 24 16 Scott15 24 17 17 Hot Springs 25 Hot Springs 25 Benton 49 Helena- Benton 49 Helena- West Helena West Helena 70 31 19 20 70 Pine Bluff Sheridan32 Pine Bluff Sheridan DeQueen Arkadelphia DeQueen Arkadelphia 65 Prairie Grove Campaign 65 Okalona 30 Princeton Okalona 30 Princeton 371 26 Pea Ridge Campaign 371 79 79 Washington 6 Prescott 401 Little Rock Campaign Washington Prescott 401 71 30 Monticello Attack on Pine Bluff 71 Monticello 27 278 278 Hope Camden Confederate Approaches to Helena Hope Camden 28 29 Texarkana 407 Lake Village Price’s Raid Texarkana 407 Lake Village 82 82 Ozark to Battle of Fayetteville 82 82 El Dorado El Dorado Begins on page 4 See page 24 12 13 For complete details, please visit Arkansas.com/heritagetrails

PLACES IN THE AREA 23 Lonoke County Museum – Displays county history including a diorama of the Civil War Battle of Brownsville. 215 S.E. Front St., Lonoke. 501-676-6750.

24 Confederate Cemetery – 21 Jacksonport State Park – Historic cemetery on Crowley’s Features an 1872 courthouse with Ridge at the northern edge of exhibits on local history and tours Helena-West Helena. Burial of the Mary Woods No. 2 river­ place of Helena resident General

Courtesy of the Arkansas History Commission History Arkansas the of Courtesy boat, the White River’s last Patrick Cleburne, known as the working paddlewheel boat. At “Stonewall Jackson of the West.” press time, the Mary Woods No. 1801 Holly St., Helena-West 2 was being restored and closed Fort Curtis at Helena Helena. 870-338-7602. to the public. Please call ahead for tour information. Ark. 69 north of Newport. 870-523-2143. The docked at Helena Eastport Courtesy of the Arkansas History Commission Arkansasstateparks.com. The Confederate Approaches to Helena Trail showcases 22 Jacksonville Military attempts by Confederate forces to overtake the Federal History Museum – Explores stronghold of Helena in July 1863. see map on page 12 both the battlefield and the home front with exhibits covering the Its Place in History trekked along bad roads and Civil War era to modern conflicts. 25 Phillips County Museum – Specific displays include the Civil through swamps before reaching Houses Civil War artifacts War Battle of Reed’s Bridge and In late June 1863, more than the outskirts of Helena on July 3. and period paintings of the WWII-era artifacts, posters and 7,600 Confederate soldiers left The Rebels attacked in the early seven Civil War generals the Mighty-Mite, the smallest their bases in Little Rock and morning hours of July 4, but who came from Helena. jeep ever produced. 100 Veterans Jacksonport to attack the Federal the strongly entrenched Yankees 623 Pecan St., Helena- Cr., Jacksonville. 501-241-1943. stronghold of Helena to relieve defeated them soundly, inflicting West Helena. 870-338-7790. Jaxmilitarymuseum.org. pressure on besieged Vicksburg, 1,636 casualties. Phillipscountymuseum.org. Mississippi. For days, they

14 15 For complete details, please visit Arkansas.com/heritagetrails PLACES IN THE AREA depot houses railroad and Civil War memorabilia. 314 Adams 26 Nevada County Depot Rd., Camden. 870-836-6426. Museum – Restored 1911 railroad depot contains Civil War 30 White Oak Lake State Park exhibits. U.S. 67 S., Prescott. – Interactive exhibits, Civil War 870-887-5821. memorabilia, campsites, hiking trails, marina, launch ramp and fishing pier. Off Ark. 387 N.W., Camden. 870-685-2748.

Courtesy of the UALR Photograph Collection/UALR Archives 27 McCollum-Chidester Union cavalryman House – Built in 1847, served as Civil War headquarters for The Camden Expedition tracks Union movements during a failed Union General Frederick Steele 31 Civil War Red River Federal military campaign in April 1864. see map on page 12 during the . Campaign State Parks – 926 Washington St., Camden. Three state parks preserve 870-836-9243. battlefields of the ’s Its Place in History Little Missouri River at Elkins’ failed Red River Campaign: Ferry. After several days of Poison Spring (10 miles west The Camden Expedition was skirmishing at Prairie D’Ane of Camden on Ark. 76), Marks’ perhaps the greatest Federal mili- (near Prescott), Steele’s famished Mills (Ark. 97 and 8, southeast tary disaster of the Civil War in troops broke off their advance of Fordyce) and Jenkins’ Ferry Arkansas. In March 1864, Union and occupied Camden. Confeder- (13 miles southeast of Sheridan General Frederick Steele marched ate troops ambushed a foraging on Ark. 46). 501-682-1191. his men from Little Rock intent party at Poison Spring on April Arkansasstateparks.com. on connecting with another 18, killing many soldiers. A week Federal army in Shreveport, later at Marks’ Mills, another 32 Grant County Museum/ , then conquering the Union column was attacked and 28 Oakland Cemetery – Final Heritage Village – Exhibits cotton-rich Red River Valley of defeated with heavy casualties. resting place of 231 Confederate on the Union Army’s failed Texas. In Arkadelphia, Steele Steele decided to fall back to Little soldiers. Adams Ave. and Maul Red River Campaign and the was joined by a second Union Rock and, following a fiercely Rd., Camden. 870-836-6426. nearby Battle of Jenkins’ Ferry. force out of Fort Smith, then fought battle at Jenkins’ Ferry on U.S. 270 and Ark. 46 S., marched south. In early April, the Saline River, made it back to 29 Visitors Center and Sheridan. 870-942-4496. they skirmished with Rebels at the home base on April 30 with Museum – Restored 1913 train Grantcountymuseum.com. Okalona before crossing the his battered and starving army.

16 17 For complete details, please visit Arkansas.com/heritagetrails

Price’s Raid was a Confederate cavalry march from Camden, Arkansas, into Missouri and Kansas led by Major General Sterling Price in late 1864. see map on page 12

Its Place in History paign, he was decisively beaten at the Battle of Westport by Major Confederate Major General Ster- General Samuel R. Curtis and ling Price led a force north from subsequently driven back into Camden on August 28, 1864, Arkansas by Union cavalry under picking up additional troops at Major General Alfred Pleasonton. Courtesy of the Arkansas History Commission Princeton and Pocahontas before Price’s expedition proved to be crossing the border into Mis- the final significant Southern Union soldier band souri. The 12,000 men comprised operation west of the Mississippi most of the effective cavalry in River. Its failure cemented Fed- PLACES IN THE AREA Arkansas. While Price enjoyed eral control over the hotly con- some successes during this cam- tested border state of Missouri.

34 Overlook Park – Features 33 Davidsonville Historic a Civil War Memorial Walk State Park – One of the state’s where six markers interpret the earliest outposts, Davidsonville role Pocahontas and Randolph faded away before the Civil County played in the Civil War, War. Features a park with including the years when Poca- camping, lake and river hontas served as the headquar- fishing, trails, pavilions and ters for the Trans-Mississippi playgrounds. Ark. 166 S., near Department of the Confederacy.

Courtesy of the Arkansas History Commission History Arkansas the of Courtesy Pocahontas. 870-892-4708. Ark. 67, downtown Pocahontas. Arkansasstateparks.com. Seerandolphcounty.com.

18 Gunboat on the White River 19 For complete details, please visit Arkansas.com/heritagetrails PLACES IN THE AREA

35 The Headquarters House 36 National Cemetery – – Both Union and Confederate Established in 1867 as the troops used this 1853 home as final resting place for Union headquarters during the Civil soldiers killed in the region. War. 118 E. Dickson Street, 700 Government Ave., Fayetteville. 479-521-2970. Fayetteville. 479-444-5051. Washingtoncohistoricalsociety.org.

Courtesy Shiloh Museum of Ozark History/Washington County Historical Society Collection (P-1534) Confederate recruiting leaflet

Said to be the First Arkansas Light Artillery Battery, Fayetteville, 1864

Confederate cemetery in Fayetteville

Ozark to Battle of Fayetteville follows the march of Confederate General William Lewis Cabell and his army to the attack on Fayetteville in April 1863. see map on page 12

Its Place in History sound of gunfire alerted the Union troops in town, spoiling General William Lewis Cabell’s the element of surprise. The Confederate cavalry command main action of the Battle of of about 900 men left Ozark on Fayetteville took place in the April 16, 1863, with a mission vicinity of what are now College to attack the Federal command Avenue and Dickson Street. at Fayetteville. Just after sunrise Several Federal soldiers were on April 18, Confederate troops wounded, but the attack failed to clashed with dismounted Union break through the Union lines, pickets east of Fayetteville. The and the Rebels fell back.

20 21 Courtesy of the Arkansas History Commission History Arkansas the of Courtesy For complete details, please visit Arkansas.com/heritagetrails Located at Village Creek State 41 State Park – Park, Ark. 284 between Wynne Scenic overlooks on the Arkansas and Forrest City. 870-238-9406. River, the water route of the Trail of Tears. It also overlooks 38 – the area where the Western Helena witnessed the forced Cherokee settled in the late migration of thousands of 1700s. Ark. 155 four miles west Cherokee along the “water route” of Dardanelle. 479-229-3655. to Indian Territory during the Arkansasstateparks.com. summer of 1838. Exhibits inter- pret the Indian removal period. 42 Blue Spring Heritage Cherry and Missouri St., Helena- Center – Blue Spring was a stop West Helena. 870-338-4350. along the Trail of Tears. View his-

Courtesy of Village Creek State Park State Creek Village of Courtesy Deltaculturalcenter.com. toric film, stroll the garden paths and visit the bluff shelter on the The Trail of Tears at Village Creek State Park 39 North Shore Riverwalk – National Register. U.S. 62 W., Located in the immediate vicinity Eureka Springs. 479-253-9244. The Trail of Tears maps the paths of five tribes – Cherokee, Choctaw, of a large number of land and wa- Bluespringheritage.com. ter migration routes in the 1830s Creek, Chickasaw and Seminole – across Arkansas and into Indian 43 Territory (modern day Oklahoma) following the passage of the and 1840s. Interpretive panels Museum of Native commemorate the Trail of Tears. American History – View Federal Indian Removal Act of 1830. see map on page 13 Located on the north bank of the artifacts from more than 14,000 Arkansas River between the Main years ago. Exhibit rooms span Its Place in History The moniker “Trail of Tears” is St. Bridge and I-30 Bridge, North five different time periods connected to the October 1838 to Little Rock. 501-758-1424. arranged in chronological order. The metaphoric trail is not one March 1839 journey undertaken 202 SW “O” St., Bentonville. distinct road but a web of routes by the Cherokee Nation. In 40 State 479-273-2456. Monah.us. and rivers traveled in the 1830s that tribe’s language, the trek is Park – Western Cherokee settled by tribes removed from Alabama, known as nunahi-duna-dlo-hilu-I, near here in the late 1700s. The 44 Fort Smith National Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, “the trail where they cried.” Trail of Tears brought all five Historic Site – Exhibits on North Carolina and tribes through here by water the Trail of Tears, army at Fort and relocated into Indian Terri- PLACES IN THE AREA or land. Indoor and outdoor Smith (1817-1871) and the federal tory. All of these routes passed exhibits. The lake includes the court for the Western District through Arkansas. 37 Bell’s Route Segment – historic and modern channels of Arkansas. Includes “Hangin’ Part of the old Memphis to of the Arkansas River, part Judge” Isaac C. Parker’s court- Hundreds of members of each Little Rock military road. Wit- of the water route of the Trail room, a re-creation of the 1886 tribe died of hardship and nessed the removal of Creek and of Tears. 100 State Park Dr., gallows and the “Hell on the disease on the long trek. No one Chickasaw Indians in the early Russellville. 479-967-5516. Border” jail. 3rd and Garland, knows how many are buried to mid-1830s. In the late fall of Arkansasstateparks.com. Fort Smith. 479-783-3961. on the trail or even exactly how 1838, John Bell led a detachment Nps.gov/fosm. many survived. of 650 Cherokee along this route.

22 23 For complete details, please visit Arkansas.com/heritagetrails PLACES IN THE AREA

45 Rogers Historical Museum – Features a downtown of yesteryear exhibit on “First Street,” hands-on display in “The Attic” and tour of the 1895 Hawkins House. 322 S. 2nd St., Rogers. 479-621-1154.

Potts Inn Museum Courtesy of the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program Preservation Historic Arkansas the of Courtesy at Pottsville

Fitzgerald Station barn at Springdale

The Butterfield Trail traverses the Butterfield Overland Mail Route established in 1858, which included lines from Missouri to Fort Smith and Memphis to Fort Smith with a side run to Little Rock. see map on page 13

Its Place in History westbound Butterfield Stage stopped at Callahan’s Station in John Butterfield, a former present-day Rogers on September stagecoach driver from New 18, 1858. The Butterfield Over- York, established the Butterfield land Mail Route was eclipsed by Overland Mail Route in 1858. the faster Pony Express in 1860. Mail coaches ran from Tipton, Civil War bushwhackers and Missouri, to , hostile Indians also contributed

California, right through to the company’s demise in 1861. Commission History Arkansas the of Courtesy . The first Butterfield Stage Route marker at Van Buren 24 25