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Alwyn C. Scott
the frontiers collection the frontiers collection Series Editors: A.C. Elitzur M.P. Silverman J. Tuszynski R. Vaas H.D. Zeh The books in this collection are devoted to challenging and open problems at the forefront of modern science, including related philosophical debates. In contrast to typical research monographs, however, they strive to present their topics in a manner accessible also to scientifically literate non-specialists wishing to gain insight into the deeper implications and fascinating questions involved. Taken as a whole, the series reflects the need for a fundamental and interdisciplinary approach to modern science. Furthermore, it is intended to encourage active scientists in all areas to ponder over important and perhaps controversial issues beyond their own speciality. Extending from quantum physics and relativity to entropy, consciousness and complex systems – the Frontiers Collection will inspire readers to push back the frontiers of their own knowledge. Other Recent Titles The Thermodynamic Machinery of Life By M. Kurzynski The Emerging Physics of Consciousness Edited by J. A. Tuszynski Weak Links Stabilizers of Complex Systems from Proteins to Social Networks By P. Csermely Quantum Mechanics at the Crossroads New Perspectives from History, Philosophy and Physics Edited by J. Evans, A.S. Thorndike Particle Metaphysics A Critical Account of Subatomic Reality By B. Falkenburg The Physical Basis of the Direction of Time By H.D. Zeh Asymmetry: The Foundation of Information By S.J. Muller Mindful Universe Quantum Mechanics and the Participating Observer By H. Stapp Decoherence and the Quantum-to-Classical Transition By M. Schlosshauer For a complete list of titles in The Frontiers Collection, see back of book Alwyn C. -
The People Who Invented the Internet Source: Wikipedia's History of the Internet
The People Who Invented the Internet Source: Wikipedia's History of the Internet PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 22 Sep 2012 02:49:54 UTC Contents Articles History of the Internet 1 Barry Appelman 26 Paul Baran 28 Vint Cerf 33 Danny Cohen (engineer) 41 David D. Clark 44 Steve Crocker 45 Donald Davies 47 Douglas Engelbart 49 Charles M. Herzfeld 56 Internet Engineering Task Force 58 Bob Kahn 61 Peter T. Kirstein 65 Leonard Kleinrock 66 John Klensin 70 J. C. R. Licklider 71 Jon Postel 77 Louis Pouzin 80 Lawrence Roberts (scientist) 81 John Romkey 84 Ivan Sutherland 85 Robert Taylor (computer scientist) 89 Ray Tomlinson 92 Oleg Vishnepolsky 94 Phil Zimmermann 96 References Article Sources and Contributors 99 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 102 Article Licenses License 103 History of the Internet 1 History of the Internet The history of the Internet began with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. This began with point-to-point communication between mainframe computers and terminals, expanded to point-to-point connections between computers and then early research into packet switching. Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols. The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, where multiple separate networks could be joined together into a network of networks. In 1982 the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) was standardized and the concept of a world-wide network of fully interconnected TCP/IP networks called the Internet was introduced. -
Oral History Interview with Herman Goldstine
An Interview with HERMAN GOLDSTINE OH 18 Conducted by Nancy Stern on 11 August 1980 Charles Babbage Institute The Center for the History of Information Processing University of Minnesota 1 Herman Goldstine Interview 11 August 1980 Abstract Goldstine, associate director of the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) computer project from 1945 to 1956, discusses his role in the project. He describes the acquisition of funding from the Office of Naval Research, the hiring of staff, and his relationship with John von Neumann. Goldstine explains that von Neumann was responsible for convincing the Institute to sponsor the computer project. Goldstine praises von Neumann's contributions, among which he counts the first logical design of a computer and the concept of stored programming. Goldstine turns next to the relations between the project and one of its funders, the Atomic Energy Commission. He points out the conflict of interest of IAS director Robert Oppenheimer, who chaired the AEC General Advisory Committee, and von Neumann who sat on this committee, when other AEC officials discontinued funding for the project. Goldstine also recounts the problems that arose during the project over patent rights and their resolution. Goldstine concludes by discussing the many visitors to the project and the many computers (Whirlwind, ILLIAC, JOHNNIAC, IBM 70l) modeled after the IAS computer. 2 HERMAN GOLDSTINE INTERVIEW DATE: 11 August 1980 INTERVIEWER: Nancy Stern LOCATION: Princeton, NJ STERN: This is an interview with Herman Goldstine in his home; August 11, 1980. What I'd like to talk about, Herman, for the most part today, is your work with von Neumann at the Institute; that is, the computer project at the Institute; because we've spoken in the past about the Moore School work. -
August 2010 Newsletter
SRI Alumni Association Newsletter • August 2010 1 AUGUST 2010 NEWSLETTER MESSAGE FROM PRESIDENT BOYD FAIR Summer is almost over—can you You’ll get a taste of the Spring Fling that took place in believe it? That means it is time for the May. This year, the Bay Area alums enjoyed a trip to the second of our triannual newsletters. California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, where we went to the head of the line and toured the facility at our This issue could be subtitled the leisure. We are now beginning to think about next year’s “International Edition” because it Spring Fling and welcome your suggestions for destinations. contains three very interesting articles If we haven’t found a place or topic of interest to you in past from colleagues abroad. Andrew Spring Flings, now is the time to speak up. Drop any of us Boyd Fair Flower has written an article describing an e-mail or leave a message on the alumni office phone. how his hobby of restoring old cottages outside London has transformed over the years into a new That brings us to the annual reunion on September 21. This career. David Gibby explains that his and his wife’s sailing was one of the few open dates available for the I Building. trips around the Mediterranean are not without a certain (SRI is getting busy!) You will find information about the amount of work, detailing the logistics of maintaining the reunion and a sign-up form in the newsletter. Typically, boat and getting provisions. -
Oral History Interview with Willis H. Ware
An Interview with WILLIS H. WARE OH 37 Conducted by Nancy Stern on 19 January 1981 RAND Corporation (Santa Monica, CA) Charles Babbage Institute Center for the History of Information Processing University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Copyright, Charles Babbage Institute 1 Willis H. Ware Interview 19 January 1981 Abstract The interview is primarily devoted to Ware's work on the Institute for Advanced Study computer project in the late 1940s. Ware details the contributions of Jules Charney, John von Neumann, Herman Goldstine, and others. He discusses the division of tasks, interaction among project members, design considerations, the pace of work, and patent issues. Ware distinguishes between scientific and commercial computers, and compares the Institute computer to others produced at the time. Associations of the Institute with IBM, RCA, and other companies and with Princeton University is also discussed. Ware also relates his move to the RAND Corporation and RAND's activities in computing. 2 WILLIS H. WARE INTERVIEW DATE: 19 January l98l INTERVIEWER: Nancy Stern LOCATION: RAND Corporation (Santa Monica, CA) WARE: And I have pictures. STERN: That would be helpful -- pictures. WARE: But they're particular pictures. At the time the IAS was doing its thing, there were five or seven other organizations around the country building copies of that machine. STERN: Well that was later on. Would you say '49 or '50? WARE: Oh, no. Much sooner than that. STERN: Really? WARE: Much earlier than that. STERN: I didn't realize that. WARE: And in particular, Rand was one of these places. STERN: Can you pinpoint when Rand began -- WARE: Let me think a minute.