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The Exploration and Evaluation of Water Resources in Harrat Khybar

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The Exploration and Evaluation of Water Resources in Harrat Khybar THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR SAUDI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED GEOLOGY HYDROGEOLOGY SECTION JEDDAH www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Water Resources under stress www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Kingdom of Saudi Arabia belongs to the extended arid belt of the lower latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Population growth Construction activity Agricultural activity Industrial activity www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Water Stress by Country www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR GRACE Technology Use GRACE technology to estimate temporal changes in Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) in Saudi Arabia High Mass Low Mass www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Looking for water resources in all environments !! www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Exploration of water resources in Volcanic Area www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Alkali basalt (Harrat) covering an area of ​​89700 square km2 in Saudi Arabia. www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR 2 Harrat Al Harrah 14500 km www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR 2 Harrat 'Uwayrid 3600 km 2 Harrat ar Rahah 3600 km www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR 2 Harrat Hutaymah 800 km www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR 2 Harrat Khaybar 14600 km 2 Harrat Ithnayn 3700 km 2 Harrat Kura 3200 km www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Harrat Al-Shaqah 3700 km2 www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR 2 Harrat Rahat 20000 km www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR 2 Harrat Kishb 6000 km www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR 2 Harrat Haden 2300 km www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR 2 Harrat Elbuqom 10500 km www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR 2 Harrat Al Birk 2300 km www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR 2 Harrat Al Sarah 700 km www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Study Area %24 %76 Volcanic Area www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Study Area 15% 17% 68% 2 Harrat Khaybar 14600 km 2 Harrat Ithnayn 3700 km 2 Harrat Kura 3200 km www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Geological Setting Study Area is one of 3 coalesced basaltic lava fields, Harrats Khaybar, Ithnayn, and Kura, which constitute the largest contiguous area of Cenozoic basalt in Saudi Arabia, similar in extent (20,564 km2). The field contains: - 327 scoria cones - 46 basaltic shield volcanoes - 20 domes - 5 tuff cones - one basaltic stratovolcano. www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Hydrlogical Setting The study area is located between tow major basins - Rumah Basin - Hamdh Baisn www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Hydrlogical Setting Rain Gauges Stations Station Long Lat H108 40.41667 27.06667 H210 40.48333 26.53333 H111 40.45 25.97778 H203 40.78333 26 M214 40.43333 24.95 M116 39.6 25.05 M112 39.06667 24.95 M102 39.23333 25.71667 www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Seasonal rainfall variations over the study area. (1980-2010) Winter rainfall variations over the study area. (1980-2010) Station H108 H210 H111 H203 M214 M116 M112 M102 Winter (mm) 15.53 9.1 9.1 13.78 7.89 7.2 15.82 14.3 Winter 20 15 10 Rainfall (mm) 5 0 108H 210H 111H 203H 214M 116M 112M 102M Station www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Seasonal rainfall variations over the study area. (1980-2010) Spring rainfall variations over the study area. (1980-2010) Station H108 H210 H111 H203 M214 M116 M112 M102 Spring (mm) 22.86 10.62 10.62 24.75 10.6 10.42 14.14 13.23 Spring 30 25 20 15 10 Rainfall (mm) 5 0 108H 210H 111H 203H 214M 116M 112M 102M Station www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Seasonal rainfall variations over the study area. (1980-2010) Summer rainfall variations over the study area. (1980-2010) Station H108 H210 H111 H203 M214 M116 M112 M102 Summer (mm) 0 1.5 1.5 0.63 0.55 3.77 2.4 4.02 Summer 5 4 3 2 Rainfall (mm) 1 0 108H 210H 111H 203H 214M 116M 112M 102M Station www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Seasonal rainfall variations over the study area. (1980-2010) Autumn rainfall variations over the study area. (1980-2010) Station H108 H210 H111 H203 M214 M116 M112 M102 Autumn (mm) 14.26 8.98 8.98 37.39 6.99 10.46 8.3 10.4 Autmn 40 30 20 Rainfall (mm) 10 0 108H 210H 111H 203H 214M 116M 112M 102M Station www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Seasonal rainfall variations over the study area. (1980-2010) Seasonal rainfall variations over the study area. (1980-2010) Annual 120 100 80 60 40 Rainfall (mm) 20 0 108H 210H 111H 203H 214M 116M 112M 102M Station www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Well Inventory and data recording Study area has divided into three sectors, namely: Sector (A) represent the northern area. Sector (B), represents the western area. Sector (C), represents the eastern part of Harrat Khyber. Well Inventory: + 600 wells data recording + 300 Samples Water table and total depths for wells in the study area www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Hydrochemical Characteristics of the Groundwater chemical analyses results of the major ions of the groundwater samples obtained from the three sectors (A, B, and C). The pH of the groundwater tends to be slightly alkaline. However, the great majority is between 7.0 and 7.7. The EC measurements generally show that the groundwater salinity varies from low to moderate. High saline waters were also found but less common www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Classification of Groundwater The groundwater character in the study area is shown graphically on the Piper diagrams. NaCl and Na2SO4 NaCl, Ca(HCO3)2 and Ca-Na (SO4) NaCl and Na HCO3 www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Groundwater Quality 10000 < %1 TDS (ppm) Number of Sample Percentage % 1000-0 0-1000 109 28.45 %28 > 1000-10000 270 70.49 -1000 < > 10000 4 1.04 10000 %71 Total 383 100 www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Aquifer Description The most important aquifer system of the Harrat Khyber area is formed by the basalt flows and the old subbasaltic alluvial deposits. www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Aquifer Description A B C www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Geophysical Setting Electrical resistivity sections were carried out in 2 stages in an east- west direction across the centre of Harrat Khaybar in order to determine whether there are any significant aquifers underlying the near-surface basalts. www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Geophysical Results N Line 7 Line 12 18 15 14 12 7 1 Line 14 (b) Second stage 9 profiles over the (a) First stage 9 profiles across the western side of the harrat Khybar eastern part of the harrat Khybar Line 15 www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR Concluding - There is no residential or agricultural activity within the Harrat area. - Availability of water is concentrated on the outskirts of the study area. - Most of the exploitation of water is for irrigation. - Characterized by the area between the western part of Harrat Khaybar and Harrat Kura abundance of good quality and quantity. - According to the geophysical studies, there are four areas intercourse and promising for the presence of water. Agriculture Activity www.sgs.org.sa THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR We must all work hard to develop and save our resources for the next generations. THE EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN HARRAT KHYBAR www.sgs.org.sa.
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