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Editions 13&14
TRUTH, RECONCILIATION & REPARATIONS COMMISSION (TRRC) DIGEST ©Helen Jones-Florio Photo: Newspaper The Point ANEKED & © 2020 EDITIONS 13&14 Presented by: 1| The Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC) is mandated to investigate and establish an impartial historical record of the nature, causes and extent of violations and abuses of human rights committed during the period of July 1994 to January 2017 and to consider the granting of reparations to victims and for connected matters. It started public hearings on 7th January 2019 and will proceed in chronological order, examining the most serious human rights violations that occurred from 1994 to 2017 during the rule of former President Yahya Jammeh. While the testimonies are widely reported in the press and commented on social media, triggering vivid discussions and questions regarding the current transitional process in the country, a summary of each thematic focus/event and its findings is missing. The TRRC Digests seek to widen the circle of stakeholders in the transitional justice process in The Gambia by providing Gambians and interested international actors, with a constructive recount of each session, presenting the witnesses and listing the names of the persons mentioned in relation to human rights violations and – as the case may be – their current position within State, regional or international institutions. Furthermore, the Digests endeavour to highlight trends and patterns of human rights violations and abuses that occurred and as recounted during the TRRC hearings. In doing so, the TRRC Digests provide a necessary record of information and evidence uncovered – and may serve as “checks and balances” at the end of the TRRC’s work. -
Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations in the Gambia
DOCUMENTING DICTATORSHIP: Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations in The Gambia J u n e , 2 0 2 0 Centre for Democracy & Development Centre pour la Democratie/ et le Developpement/ Contents Executive Summary 2 Towards a 'new Gambia' 6 Creating the commission 10 Approach 12 KEY FINDINGS: Matching expectations? 13 Uncovering the truth 13 Perpetrators on trial 18 Compensation concerns 22 (Re)Building The Gambia 25 The political backdrop 27 Towards a conclusion 27 Recommendations 29 References 31 Boxes: Box 1 – Gambia's complicated political overhaul 08 Box 2 - What is transitional justice? 10 Box 3 - Essa Faal: Interrogating the truth 15 Box 4- Giving voice to women 20 03 Acknowledgements The report was authored by Idayat Hassan and Jamie Hitchen. Alhassan Ibrahim, researcher at the Centre for Democracy and Development, offered invaluable assistance during interviews in The Gambia in February 2020. Our profound thanks to Sait Matty Jaw for all his support in arranging interviews and focus group discussions in Banjul in February 2020 and for his invaluable insights and editorial support in the development of the report. To Robina Namusisi for her support in helping us with logistical arrangements in The Gambia. And to Mohamed Suma at the International Centre for Transitional Justice for his feedback on the draft. Most importantly our thanks are due to the interview and focus group respondents who took time to share their thoughts and insights about the work of the TRRC with us. The report was funded by the Mac Arthur Foundation. Front cover photo credit: © Jason Florio Executive Summary The Gambia's Truth, Reconciliation and contested presidential polls in late 2021, the Reparations Commission (TRRC) has heard TRRC is just one part of a complicated public testimony from over 200 individuals transitional justice process. -
Debriefing the Role of Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission in the Gambia’S Human Rights Violations and Quest for Justice
Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law DEBRIEFING THE ROLE OF TRUTH, RECONCILIATION AND REPARATIONS COMMISSION IN THE GAMBIA’S HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS AND QUEST FOR JUSTICE Gafar Idowu AYODEJI Department of Political Science, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria. [email protected] Timothy Olugbenro ERINOSHO Department of History and Diplomatic Studies, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria [email protected] John Adelani FAYEMI Department of Sociological Studies, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria. [email protected] Abstract: The study examined the human rights violations under Yahya Jammeh and the Adama Barrow government’s quest for justice through the recently established Gambian Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC) in the Gambia. It relied on secondary sources of data collection and adopted restorative and reparative justice as its conceptual framework for the overall understanding of the subject matter. It contented that categorising the Jammeh-led government as one of the worst regimes characterised by deliberate human-rights abuses is like stating the obvious. It further argued that establishing the TRRC and assigning it the role of healing the nation via searching for the truth in order to reconcile, restore justice and compensate victims of human rights abuse under Jammeh government is a welcome development. However, the findings of the study revealed that this is not an easy task given the likely impediments that have bedevilled similar commissions in South Africa, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Nigeria, among others in the past. It identified inter alia the challenge of funding, dilemma of bias accusation and politicisation, refusal to accept responsibility or demand for forgiveness by main perpetrators, inadequate publicity and absence’ total community participation and delays or failure to fulfil reparation promises by the sitting government as major challenges that may prevent the TRRC from achieving its mandate. -
Truth, Reconciliation & Reparations Commission (TRRC) Digest Edition 6
Truth, Reconciliation & Reparations Commission (TRRC) Digest Edition 6 Photo: Jason Florio Newspaper The Point ANEKED & © 2019 Presented by: 1| The Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC) is mandated to investigate and establish an impartial historical record of the nature, causes and extent of violations and abuses of human rights committed during the period of July 1994 to January 2017 and to consider the granting of reparations to victims and for connected matters. It started public hearings on 7th January 2019 and will proceed in chronological order, examining the most serious human rights violations that occurred from 1994 to 2017 during the rule of former President Yahya Jammeh. While the testimonies are widely reported in the press and commented on social media, triggering vivid discussions and questions regarding the current transitional process in the country, a summary of each thematic focus/event and its findings is missing. The TRRC Digests seek to widen the circle of stakeholders in the transitional justice process in The Gambia by providing Gambians and interested international actors, with a constructive recount of each session, presenting the witnesses and listing the names of the persons mentioned in relation to human rights violations and – as the case may be – their current position within State, regional or international institutions. Furthermore, the Digests endeavor to highlight trends and patterns of human rights violations and abuses that occurred and as recounted during the TRRC hearings. In doing so, the TRRC Digests provide a necessary record of information and evidence uncovered – and may serve as “checks and balances” at the end of the TRRC’s work. -
Gambians Expect Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission to Heal the Nation but Want Human-Rights Violators Prosecuted
Dispatch No. 249 | 31 October 2018 Gambians expect Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission to heal the nation but want human-rights violators prosecuted Afrobarometer Dispatch No. 249 | Sait Matty Jaw Summary The departure of Yahya Jammeh in 2017 marked a new beginning in the Gambia. But the legacy of his two-decade authoritarian rule, characterized by gross human-rights violations and a society strained by political and ethnic divisions as well as poverty (Tambadou, 2018), continues to challenge efforts of the new government to consolidate democracy. In December 2017, the government of President Adama Barrow, in a bid to fulfill its electoral promise, established the Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC). The TRRC is part of a broader transitional-justice process aimed at addressing past human-rights abuses and building a stable democratic future through justice moored to respect for the rule of law and human rights. In addition to the TRRC, the government established a Constitutional Review Commission (CRC) and initiated security-sector and civil-service reform processes. The TRRC is not without controversy. According to Executive Secretary Baba Galleh Jallow, the TRRC gets “pushback from the supporters of Jammeh on social media and publications in the media” (International Center for Transitional Justice, 2018). The former mayor of the Kanifing Municipality and national mobilizer for Jammeh’s party, the Alliance for Patriotic Re- orientation and Construction, has described the TRRC as a “witch hunt” aimed at the former president (Bah, 2018). Given the contested nature of Gambia’s transition, how do ordinary Gambians view the TRRC? What are citizens’ key expectations from the commission? Afrobarometer’s inaugural national survey in the Gambia finds that citizens have varying expectations of the TRRC, including both national healing and justice. -
1994-2017 by Abdoulaye Saine, Ph.D. Univer
COMMISSIONED REPORT TO THE GAMBIA’S TRUTH RECONCILIATION AND REPARATION COMMISSION: 1994-2017 By Abdoulaye Saine, Ph.D. University Distinguished Scholar and Professor of International Political Economy (Emeritus) Department of Political Science Miami University Oxford, Ohio USA Submitted June 2020 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report was commissioned by the Truth Reconciliation and Reparation Commission (TRRC) of The Gambia with a view to responding to key prompts, or pre-assigned questions intended to uncover historical, social, political, economic and other antecedents that contributed to gross human rights violations and abuses in the Gambia until 2017. Appropriating analytical tools from the social sciences and political-economy literatures, the report identifies various roles played by individuals, institutions, and the State during two decades of tyranny under former President Jammeh. Using the 1994 coup d'état as a point of departure, the report delves into personal motivations, organizational and institutional structures of the military, societal, regional and global factors that resulted in severe governance and human rights deficits against a backdrop of deepening material poverty. Militarization of the Gambia’s political-economy predicated on institutional, cultural, and religious impulses rationalized formation of a “national-security-vampire state” dedicated to syphoning vital and limited national resources for personal gain and self-aggrandizement both underpinned by lust for power. Individual frailties and propensities to conform to institutional “Groupthink,” training and shifts in personal values to curry favor significantly contributed to unimaginable acts of barbarism against officers, rank-and-file, and citizens alike. The report suggests Gambians suffer from collective, national trauma of monumental proportions and depth.