IMMUNOLOGY and MICROBIOLOGY Differential Expression of Local
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Aerobic Bacterial Pathogens Causing Vaginitis in Third Trimester of Pregnancy
Original Research Article DOI: 10.18231/2394-2754.2017.0089 Aerobic bacterial pathogens causing vaginitis in third trimester of pregnancy Indu Verma1,*, Sunita Goyal2, Vandana Berry3, Dinesh Sood4 1Associate Professor, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 2Professor and HOD, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3Professor and HOD, Dept. of Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, 4Professor, Dept. of Anaesthesiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab *Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected] Abstract Introduction: Aerobic vaginitis is defined as a disruption of the lactobacillary flora, accompanied by signs of inflammation and the presence of predominantly aerobic microflora, composed of enteric commensals or pathogens. The Lactobacilli are replaced by aerobic facultative pathogens like E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, group B Streptococci, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Enterococcus species which lead to ascending vaginal infections and various complications of pregnancy. Aim and Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of aerobic vaginitis in third trimester of pregnancy and to study different aerobic bacterial vaginal pathogens and their antibiogram. Materials and Method: One hundred and sixty six pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy were studied for aerobic pathogens by gram staining and culture- sensitivity. High vaginal swab was taken of all the women and sent for culture and sensitivity. Diagnosis of aerobic vaginitis was made on microscopy and culture report. Results: Out of total 166 women, 88 were asymptomatic and 78 were symptomatic. Significant aerobic growth was seen in 29 women. Seventeen (21.79%) symptomatic women had positive vaginal culture and 12 (13.64%) asymptomatic women showed positive aerobic vaginal cultures. -
Bacterial Vaginosis Is More Frequently Diagnosed in Women with Inflammatory Changes on Routinely Performed Papanicolaou Smear S
Bacterial vaginosis is more frequently diagnosed in women with inflammatory changes on routinely performed Papanicolaou smear S. Baka, I. Tsirmpa, A. Chasiakou, E. Politi, I. Tsouma, A. Sianou, V. Gennimata, E. Kouskouni Department of Biopathology, Aretaieio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece Background: Usually, most Materials/methods: Asymptomatic nonpregnant Results: A total of 1372 women (774 with laboratories reporting the results of women with or without inflammatory inflammatory and 598 without inflammation on the Pap cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) smears changes on routinely performed Pap smear and smear) with smear tests and vaginal as well tests comment on the possible recalled for cultures in the last four years were as cervical cultures participated in the study. presence of infection based on included in the study. Genital tract samples Out of the 774 women with inflammation on cytological criteria. The clinical (vaginal and cervical) were available for analysis. Pap test, 294 (38%) had negative cultures importance of these findings is Clinical specimens collected from patients were (normal flora present), while 480 (62%) unknown especially in asymptomatic inoculated onto appropriate plates for standard women had positive cultures with different women. This study was conducted to aerobic and anaerobic cultures and incubated at pathogens. In contrast, the group of women assess the possible association 37’0 C for 24h and 48h, respectively. A wet mount without inflammation on Pap test displayed between inflammatory changes as well as a gram-stained smear were examined increased percentage of negative cultures reported on Pap smears with the under microscope to obtain valuable information (63%, p<0.0001) and decreased percentage isolation of pathogens in the genital about the microorganisms present and to apply of positive cultures (37%, p<0.0001). -
Symptomatology of Endometriosis : with a Survey of 788 Cases Compiled from the Literature
University of Nebraska Medical Center DigitalCommons@UNMC MD Theses Special Collections 5-1-1938 Symptomatology of endometriosis : with a survey of 788 cases compiled from the literature Paul Milton Pedersen University of Nebraska Medical Center This manuscript is historical in nature and may not reflect current medical research and practice. Search PubMed for current research. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/mdtheses Part of the Medical Education Commons Recommended Citation Pedersen, Paul Milton, "Symptomatology of endometriosis : with a survey of 788 cases compiled from the literature" (1938). MD Theses. 688. https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/mdtheses/688 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections at DigitalCommons@UNMC. It has been accepted for inclusion in MD Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNMC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF ENDOMETRIOSIS WITH A SURVEY OF 788 CASES COMPILED FROM LITERATURE SENIOR THESIS PAUL MILTON PEDERSEN *** j I !,' i PRESENTED TO THE THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA OJIAHA., 1938 .. 480965 THE SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF ENDOMETRIOSIS WITH A SURVEY OF 788 CASES COMPILED FROM LITERATURE Introduction. The history of this disease is very similar to that of many others in that it has been developed as a clinical entity within the past twenty years. The present day knowledge of the subject is not as general as it might· be considering the relatively numerous articles which have appeared upon this subject within the past five years. Endometriosis is a very intriguing subject; the unique features in the symptoms that it provokes are indeed class ical, and the interest with which this is regarded has caused us to consider that phase in detail. -
Amenorrhea in Teenagers in Concepts of Homoeopathy
Amenorrhea in Teenagers in concepts of Homoeopathy © Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy) Homoeo Cure Research Institute NH 74- Moradabad Road Kashipur (UTTARANCHAL) - INDIA Ph- 09897618594 E. mail- [email protected] www.homeopathictreatment.org.in www.treatmenthomeopathy.com www.homeopathyworldcommunity.com Introduction Menstrual irregularities are common within first 2–3 years after menarche. If amenorrhea is prolonged, it is abnormal and can be associated with some major disease, depending on the adolescent whether she is oestrogen-deficient or oestrogen-replete. Oestrogen-deficient amenorrhea (Psora) is concomitant with reduced bone mineral density (Syphilis) and increased fracture risk, while oestrogen-replete amenorrhea (Syphilis) can lead to dysfunctional uterine bleeding in the short term (Pseudopsora/ Sycosis) and predispose to endometrial carcinoma (Cancerous) in the long term. Hypothalamic amenorrhea (Psora) is predominant cause of amenorrhea in the adolescents and often leads to polycystic ovary syndrome (Pseudopsora/ Sycosis). In anorexia nervosa (Psora), exercise- induced amenorrhea (Causa occasionalis) and chronic illness amenorrhea, energy shortage results in suppression of GnRH secretion (Psora) by hypothalamus. Normal Menstrual Cycle Menarche Menarche is the time when a girl has her first menstrual period. It usually occurs between the ages of 10 and 14 years. Physiology Stimulation of Pituitary Neurosecretory neurons of the preoptic area of the hypothalamus secrete a decapeptide, called Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). This hormone is poured into the capillaries of the hypophysial portal system which transport it to the anterior pituitary, where it stimulates (Psora) the synthesis and secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Control of GnRH The GnRH is released in rhythms in response to serum levels of gonadal steroids. -
The Differential Diagnosis of Acute Pelvic Pain in Various Stages of The
Osteopathic Family Physician (2011) 3, 112-119 The differential diagnosis of acute pelvic pain in various stages of the life cycle of women and adolescents: gynecological challenges for the family physician in an outpatient setting Maria F. Daly, DO, FACOFP From Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL. KEYWORDS: Acute pain is of sudden onset, intense, sharp or severe cramping. It may be described as local or diffuse, Acute pain; and if corrected takes a short course. It is often associated with nausea, emesis, diaphoresis, and anxiety. Acute pelvic pain; It may vary in intensity of expression by a woman’s cultural worldview of communicating as well as Nonpelvic pain; her history of physical, mental, and psychosocial painful experiences. The primary care physician must Differential diagnosis dissect in an orderly, precise, and rapid manner the true history from the patient experiencing pain, and proceed to diagnose and treat the acute symptoms of a possible life-threatening problem. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction female’s presentation of acute pelvic pain with an enlarged bulky uterus may often be diagnosed as a leiomyoma in- Women at various ages and stages of their life cycle may stead of a neoplastic mass. A pregnant female, whose preg- present with different causes of acute pelvic pain. Estab- nancy is either known to her or unknown, presenting with lishing an accurate diagnosis from the multiple pathologies acute pelvic pain must be rapidly evaluated and treated to in the differential diagnosis of their specific pelvic pain may prevent a rapid downward cascading progression to mater- well be a challenge for the primary care physician. -
A New Approach to Treat Aerobic Vaginitis
Advances in Infectious Diseases, 2016, 6, 102-106 Published Online September 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/aid http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/aid.2016.63013 SilTech: A New Approach to Treat Aerobic Vaginitis Filippo Murina, Franco Vicariotto, Stefania Di Francesco Lower Genital Tract Diseases Unit, V. Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy Received 26 July 2016; accepted 26 August 2016; published 29 August 2016 Copyright © 2016 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Background: The aerobic vaginitis (AV) is characterized by increased levels of aerobic bacteria, vaginal inflammation and depressed levels of lactobacilli. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of SilTechTM vaginal softgel capsules, containing new micro- crystals of silver monovalent ions, for aerobic vaginitis (AV). Methods: This prospective study enrolled 32 women diagnosed with AV. All recruited women were treated with SilTechTM vaginal softgel capsules once daily for 7 days (one course). Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated based on clinical and microscopic criteria, and cure rates were calculated. Women who were improved (but not cured) received a second course of therapy. Patients classified with clinical and microscopic failure were treated using other strategies. Results: After one course of therapy, 59.2% (19/32) of women were cured, 19.0% (6/32) were improved (but not cured) and 21.8% (7/32) failed to re- spond to the therapy. After two courses of therapy, clinical improvement was achieved in addi- tional two women. -
Update on Vaginal Infections
PROGRESOS DE Obstetricia y Revista Oficial de la Sociedad Española Ginecología de Ginecología y Obstetricia Revista Oficial de la Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia Prog Obstet Ginecol 2019;62(1):72-78 Revisión de Conjunto Update on vaginal infections: Aerobic vaginitis and other vaginal abnormalities Actualización en infecciones vaginales: vaginitis aeróbica y otras alteraciones vaginales Gloria Martín Saco, Juan M. García-Lechuz Moya Servicio de Microbiología. HGU Miguel Servet. Zaragoza Abstract It is estimated that abnormal vaginal discharge cannot be attributed to a clear infectious etiology in 15% to 50% of cases. Some women develop chronic vulvovaginal problems that are difficult to diagnose and treat, even by specialists. These disorders (aerobic vaginitis, desquamative inflammatory vaginitis, atrophic vaginitis, and cytolytic vaginosis) pose real challenges for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Researchers have established Key words: a diagnostic score based on phase-contrast microscopy. We review reported evidence on these entities and Vaginitis. present our diagnostic experience based on the correlation with Gram stain. We recommend treatment with Aerobic vaginitis. an antibiotic that has a very low minimum inhibitory concentration against lactobacilli and is effective against Parabasal cells. enterobacteria and Gram-positive cocci, which are responsible for these entities (aerobic vaginitis and desqua- Diagnosis. mative inflammatory vaginitis). Resumen Se estima que entre el 15 y el 50% de las mujeres que tienen trastornos del flujo vaginal, éstos no pueden atri- buirse a una etiología infecciosa clara. Algunas de ellas desarrollarán problemas vulvovaginales crónicos difíciles de diagnosticar y tratar, incluso por especialistas. Son trastornos que plantean desafíos reales en el diagnóstico Palabras clave: clínico y en su tratamiento como la vaginitis aeróbica, la vaginitis inflamatoria descamativa, la vaginitis atrófica y la vaginitis citolítica. -
No. 1: Aerobic Vaginitis
SUMMER 2012 | VOLUME 5 No. 1 | Biyearly Publication Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, L.L.C. Presorted 2439 Kuser Road First-Class Mail U.S. Postage Research & Development Test Announcement Journal Watch Hamilton, NJ 08690 Aerobic Vaginitis Tests now available in the clinical Summaries of recent topical PAID Continued ...................... pg 2 laboratory publications in the medical literature Trenton, NJ Full Article ...................... pg 4 Full Article ...................... pgs 5 Permit 348 SM The Laboratorian WHAT’S INSIDE Aerobic Vaginitis P2 Aerobic Vaginitis Author: Dr. Scott Gygax, Ph.D. Femeris Women’s Health Research Center P3 Aerobic Vaginitis P3 Recent Publications Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is a state of abnormal vaginal flora forms of AV can also be referred to as desquamative that is distinct from the more common bacterial vaginosis inflammatory vaginitis (DIV). (2, 3) P4 e-quiz (BV) (Table 1). AV is caused by a displacement of the BV is a common vaginal disorder associated with the P4 Q&A healthy vaginal Lactobacillus species with aerobic pathogens overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria, a distinct vaginal such as Escherichia coli, Group B Streptococcus (GBS), P4 New Tests Announcement malodorous discharge, but is not usually associated Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis that trigger with a strong vaginal inflammatory immune response. P5 Journal Watch Research & Development a localized vaginal inflammatory immune response. Clinical Aerobic Vaginitis Like AV, BV also includes an elevation of the vaginal pH signs and symptoms include vaginal inflammation, an itching P6 Classified Ad Continued ...................... pg 2 > 4.5 and a depletion of healthy Lactobacillus species. or burning sensation, dyspareunia, yellowish discharge, BV is treated with traditional metronidazole therapy that and an increase in vaginal pH > 4.5, and inflammation with targets anaerobic bacteria. -
Bacterial Vaginosis – More Questions Than Answers
THEME SEXUAL HEALTH Marie Pirotta Kath A Fethers Catriona S Bradshaw MBBS, FRACGP, DipRANZOCG, MMed (WomHlth), MBBS, MM, FAChSHM, is MBBS(Hons), FAChSHM, PhD, is a sexual PhD, is a general practitioner and Senior Research a sexual health physician, health physician and NHMRC Research Fellow, Fellow, Primary Care Research Unit, Department Melbourne Sexual Health Department of Epidemiology and Preventive of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Centre, Victoria. Medicine, Monash University and Melbourne Victoria. [email protected] Sexual Health Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Victoria. Bacterial vaginosis More questions than answers Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the commonest genital Background conditions ocurring in women of reproductive age. In public Bacterial vaginosis is the commonest cause of abnormal vaginal health terms, it plays a significant role as a risk factor for a discharge in women of reproductive age and is associated with wide range of health problems, including preterm birth, serious pregnancy related sequelae and increased transmission of sexually transmissible infections, including HIV. The aetiology, spontaneous abortion, and enhanced transmission of sexually pathology, microbiology and transmission of bacterial vaginosis transmissible infections (STIs), including human remain poorly understood. immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Objective Previous names for BV include: ‘leukorrhea’, ‘nonspecific vaginitis’, This article discusses the prevalence, clinical features and ‘haemophilus vaginalis vaginitis’, ‘gardnerella’ and ‘anaerobic possible complications of bacterial vaginosis. It summarises what is known about the aetiology, pathophysiology and vaginitis’. Its changing name belies the interesting fact that, despite treatment of the condition and highlights directions for further an increased understanding of its physiology and sequelae, the research. precise pathogenesis of BV remains controversial and it's aetiology, pathology, microbiology and transmission is still poorly understood. -
Estimation of Incidence of Aerobic Vaginitis in Women Presenting with Symptoms of Vaginitis
Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 2021;8(1):82–85 Content available at: https://www.ipinnovative.com/open-access-journals Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research Journal homepage: www.ijogr.org Original Research Article Estimation of incidence of Aerobic vaginitis in women presenting with symptoms of vaginitis 1, Veena Vidyasagar * 1Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Oxford Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India ARTICLEINFO ABSTRACT Article history: Aim: Vaginitis is found to be quite common among women who present in Gynecology OPD. Aerobic Received 06-05-2020 vaginitis is one of the causes of vaginitis which is typically marked by either an increased inflammatory Accepted 23-11-2020 response or by prominent signs of epithelial atrophy or both. The main aim of the study was to analyze the Available online 13-03-2021 signs, symptoms and laboratory investigations among women presenting with symptoms of vaginitis. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of 155 cases of women presenting with symptoms of vaginitis. Brief general, systemic and detailed gynecological examinations were done and analysed. Keywords: Results: The incidence of Aerobic vaginitis in the study group was observed to be 7.74%. All cases of Aerobic vaginitis Aerobic vaginitis had unusual vaginal discharge as the presenting symptom. It was observed that 50% of Bacterial vaginosis cases had additional complaints of pruritus vulvae and vaginal irritation while 25% cases had complaints of Candidiasis dysuria and dyspareunia. pH of vaginal smears of these cases varied from 6 to 10, average being 7.75. On Trichomoniasis Gram staining, there were moderate to plenty number of pus cells and few to moderate number of epithelial cells. -
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in the Postmenopausal Woman
Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 7:248-252 (1999) (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in the Postmenopausal Woman S.L. Jackson* and D.E. Soper Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC ABSTRACT Objective: Review available literature on pelvic inflammatory disease in postmenopausal women. Design: MEDLINE literature review from 1966 to 1999. Results: Pelvic inflammatory disease is uncommon in postmenopausal women. It is polymicro- bial, often is concurrent with tuboovarian abscess formation, and is often associated with other diagnoses. Conclusion: Postmenopausal women with pelvic inflammatory disease are best treated with in- patient parenteral antimicrobials and appropriate imaging studies. Failure to respond to antibiotics should yield a low threshold for surgery, and consideration of alternative diagnoses should be entertained. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 7:248-252, 1999. (C) 1999Wiley-Liss, Inc. KEY WORDS menopause; tuboovarian abscess; diverticulitis elvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common stance abuse, lack of barrier contraception, use of and serious complication of sexually transmit- an intrauterine device (IUD), and vaginal douch- ted diseases in young women but is rarely diag- ing. z The pathophysiology involves the ascending nosed in the postmenopausal woman. The epide- spread of pathogens initially found within the en- miology of PlD,.as well as the changes that occur in docervix, with the most common etiologic agents the genital tract of postmenopausal women, ex- being the sexually transmitted microorganisms plain this discrepancy. The exact incidence of PID Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. in postmenopausal women is unknown; however, These bacteria are identified in 60-75% of pre- in one series, fewer than 2% of women with tubo- menopausal women with PID. -
Sensitivity and Specificity of Clinical Findings for the Diagnosis of Pelvic
Original Article Phlebology 0(0) 1–6 ! The Author(s) 2017 Sensitivity and specificity of clinical Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav findings for the diagnosis of pelvic DOI: 10.1177/0268355517702057 journals.sagepub.com/home/phl congestion syndrome in women with chronic pelvic pain Ana Lucia Herrera-Betancourt1, Juan Diego Villegas-Echeverri1, Jose Duva´nLo´pez-Jaramillo1, Jorge Darı´oLo´pez-Isanoa1 and Jorge Mario Estrada-Alvarez2 Abstract Background: Pelvic congestion syndrome is among the causes of pelvic pain. One of the diagnostic tools is pelvic venography using Beard’s criteria, which are 91% sensitive and 80% specific for this syndrome. Objective: To assess the diagnostic performance of the clinical findings in women diagnosed with pelvic congestion syndrome coming to a Level III institution. Methods: Descriptive retrospective study in women with chronic pelvic pain taken to transuterine pelvic venography at the Advanced Gynecological Laparoscopy and Pelvic Pain Unit of Clinica Comfamiliar, between August 2008 and December 2011, analyzing social, demographic, and clinical variables. Results: A total of 132 patients with a mean age of 33.9 years. Dysmenorrhea, ovarian points, and vulvar varices have a sensitivity greater than 80%, and the presence of leukorrhea, vaginal mass sensation, the finding of an abdominal mass, abdominal trigger points, and positive pinprick test have a specificity greater than 80% when compared with venography. Conclusion: This study may be considered as the first to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the clinical findings associated with pelvic congestion syndrome in a sample of the Colombian population. In the future, these findings may be used to create a clinical score for the diagnosis of this condition.