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How to Cite Complete Issue More Information About This Article Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 ISSN: 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica Luna-Gómez, Martha I.; García, Andrés; Santos-Barrera, Georgina Spatial and temporal distribution and microhabitat use of aquatic breeding amphibians (Anura) in a seasonally dry tropical forest in Chamela, Mexico Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 65, no. 3, 2017, pp. 1082-1094 Universidad de Costa Rica DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v65i3.29440 Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44954192019 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Spatial and temporal distribution and microhabitat use of aquatic breeding amphibians (Anura) in a seasonally dry tropical forest in Chamela, Mexico Martha I. Luna-Gómez1, Andrés García2* & Georgina Santos-Barrera3 1. Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Apartado Postal 70-153, Ciudad de México, Código Postal 04510. México; [email protected] 2. Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Apartado Postal 21, San Patricio, Melaque, Jalisco, Código Postal 48980, México; [email protected] 3. Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Apartado Postal 70-399, Ciudad de México, Código Postal 04510. México; [email protected] Received 07-VI-2016. Corrected 24-III-2017. Accepted 25-IV-2017. Abstract: The distribution of amphibians is affected by abiotic and biotic factors, availability of resources and the characteristics of reproductive sites. In particular, reproductive activity of aquatic-breeding anurans that inhabit tropical dry areas is affected by rainfall, which determines the availability and quality of reproductive sites. In this study, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of anurans with indirect development in a tropical dry forest in Western Mexico, during two rainy seasons (July 10-October 4, 2013, and June 26-September 26, 2014). We collected data on the occupancy and reproductive activity of 15 species in four temporary streams, and evaluated their relationship with precipitation, humidity and temperature. We determined richness, abundance and diversity of species in each stream; we also identified differences in the reproductive strategies and microhabitats used by the species. The most abundant species were: Tlalocohyla smithii and Exerodonta smaragdina, whereas the least abundant were Leptodactylus melanonotus and Incilius mazatlanen- sis. Species richness, abundance and reproductive activity peaked alongside the stream with the greatest number of breeding sites (e.g. pools). We found temporal segregation in the occupancy and reproductive activity of species in all streams which were mainly associated with precipitation. However, occupancy and reproductive activity of some species overlapped up to four weeks during part of the breeding season. Most species used specific substrates for particular reproductive activities (e.g. oviposition), but used a range of microhabitats (leaf-litter, water, rocks, branches, leaves, logs, etc.) for others (e.g. calling). We discuss these behavioral differ- ences as factors that facilitate coexistence of species in this environment in the rainy season. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (3): 1082-1094. Epub 2017 September 01. Key words: amphibians, reproductive strategies, environmental seasonality, reproductive activity, indirect development. Reproductive activity of anuran species scale (Sáenz et al., 2006; Afonso & Eterovick, is strongly influenced by abiotic factors such 2007). Anuran species that coexist present as precipitation and temperature (Moreira & important differences in morphology, physi- Lima, 1991; Bertoluci, 1998; Ford & Scott, ology, and behavior (Crump, 1974; Pough, 2006; Saenz, Fitzgerald, Baum, & Conner Stewart, & Thomas, 1977; Cardoso, Andrade, 2006; Schalk & Saenz, 2016). It is further & Haddad, 1989; Afonso & Eterovick, 2007). suggested that community structure is asso- During the reproductive season, resource over- ciated with reproductive phenology, as the lapping within the community becomes more sequence and variations of these events largely intense (Bertoluci & Rodrigues, 2002), there- determine species composition at the local fore species can exhibit temporal or spatial 1082 Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 65 (3): 1082-1094, September 2017 segregation or partial/complete overlap in the mean that flooding of temporary streams and use of resources (Rossa-Feres & Jim, 2001). breeding activity of anuran species depend Temporal partitioning can be directly related on the occurrence of heavy rains that would to each region´s climate, particularly precipita- clearly influence the spatial and temporal dis- tion (Vasconcelos & Rossa-Feres, 2005; Curi, tribution of aquatic breeding anurans. Informa- Céspedez, & Álvarez, 2014), since the unpre- tion on the factors influencing aquatic breeding dictability and the frequency of rains can limit anuran is necessary to determine conservation temporal distribution of some amphibian spe- strategies not only for this group in particular, cies, by affecting the quantity and quality of but for all amphibian species associated with aquatic environments used for reproduction tropical dry forest, as well as to provide theo- (Bernarde & Anjos, 1999; Santos, Rossa-Feres, retical information on the effects of seasonality & Asatti, 2007). on species distribution patterns, and to under- Tropical dry forest in the Chamela region, stand the responses of communities to current on the coast of Jalisco in Western Mexico, is global problems such as climate change. characterized by a prolonged dry season, and In this study, our main goals were to: 1) a marked seasonality in rainfall, with most describe the structure of an assemblage of 15 precipitation occurring from July to October species of anurans with indirect development (Bullock, 1986). Rainfall varies in intensity in four temporary streams during their repro- and frequency between years, being mainly ductive season; 2) evaluate the relationship associated with hurricanes and tropical storms between climatic variables (temperature, pre- (García-Oliva, Maass, & Galicia, 1995). In cipitation and humidity) and anuran occupancy Mexico, tropical dry forest encompasses a third and reproductive activity in those four streams; of vertebrate species richness and endemism and finally, 3) determine the temporal and (Ceballos & Garcia, 1995). However, despite spatial occupancy, abundance, and diversity the importance of tropical dry forest for the as well as microhabitat use by species during conservation of Mexican biodiversity, it is reproductive activities. one of the most threatened ecosystems in the Neotropics, mainly due to current high defor- MATERIALS AND METHODS estation rates (Ceballos & García, 1995; Trejo & Dirzo, 2000). Although herpetofauna in the Study area: This study was conducted Chamela region have been intensively stud- in the Estación de Biología Chamela of the ied (Casas-Andreu, 1982; Garcia & Ceballos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional 1994; Ramirez-Bautista, 1994; Ramirez-Bau- Autónoma de México (19°30’ - 19°32’ N & tista & Garcia, 2002; García, 2003; Suazo- 105°03’ - 105° 05’ W) on the Jalisco coast, Ortuño, Alvarado-Díaz, & Martínez-Ramos, Mexico. The Chamela station is part of the 2008), no information exists on the spatial and Reserva de la Biosfera Chamela-Cuixmala, temporal distribution of species, or the factors which protects 13 142 ha of tropical dry forest influencing their occurrence, in streams and at and associated ecosystems (Ceballos, Szekely, breeding sites in particular. The exception is García, Rodríguez, & Noguera, 1999). The a short-term (one month) paper by Ford and climate is tropical sub-humid with a prolonged Scott (2006) that focused on the occurrence of dry season of about eight months and a well- aquatic breeding anurans at reproductive sites, defined rainy season with 85 % of the annual who determined that tadpoles of six species precipitation occurring from July to October were spatially partitioned in the habitat, and (Bullock, 1986). Average annual precipita- found no differences in tadpole assemblages tion and temperature is 748 mm and 25 °C, in forested and non-forested sites. The marked respectively. The landscape is comprised of seasonality in rainfall at Chamela, and the spo- small hills dominated by deciduous forest veg- radic pattern of rainfall during the rainy season etation, with semi-deciduous forest vegetation Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 65 (3): 1082-1094, September 2017 1083 restricted to small valleys (Lott, Bullock, & the species, location, activity (calling, amplex- Solis-Magallanes, 1987). Other vegetation us, resting), and microhabitat according to type types in the reserve include xerophilus scrub, of substrate (sand, leaf-litter, rock and water) or wetlands, grassland and mangrove (Ceballos plant life-form (tree, grass, bromeliads, agaves, et al., 1999). This region comprehends consid- herbs). This survey effort consisted of a total erable vertebrate species diversity, including of 25 weeks of continuous field work during 19 anuran species, 11 of which are endemic two rainy seasons, comprising 120 nocturnal to Mexico, and
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