Our Eternally Righteous God: Paul's Great Controversy Theme in Romans 11
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Avondale College ResearchOnline@Avondale School of Ministry and Theology (Avondale Theology Papers and Journal Articles Seminary) 9-2010 Our Eternally Righteous God: Paul's Great Controversy Theme in Romans 11 Elizabeth E. Ostring Avondale College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://research.avondale.edu.au/theo_papers Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Ostring, E. (2010). Our eternally righteous God: Paul's great controversy theme in Romans 11. Ministry: International Journal for Pastors, 82(9), 14-17. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Ministry and Theology (Avondale Seminary) at ResearchOnline@Avondale. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theology Papers and Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of ResearchOnline@Avondale. For more information, please contact [email protected]. E li z A b et h Ö strin g Elizabeth Östring, at the time of this writing, was a graduate student at Avondale College, Wahroonga, New South Wales, Australia. our eternally righteous god: paul’s great controversy theme in romans 11 uther’s study of Romans is crucial to any worldview, and the a new way of salvation in Christ, provided the dramatic Old Testament narrative forms the as opposed to an obsolete way insight that salvation comes framework of Romans.5 Others plead of striving through obedience to through faith in Christ alone, for Christians to acknowledge the the law. But what does Paul really L 6 and not through any good deeds Bible as one story. emphasize? humans perform. Recent studies Paul often used narrative. He have given rise to further opinions frequently told his own conversion Paul and the people of about the central theme (righteous- story (Acts 22:3–21; 26:4–18; Gal. Israel ness by faith) of the epistle. The 1:13–17), used personal narrative to In Romans 11, Paul’s first proof “new perspective,”1 resulting from build his argument to the Galatians that God has not rejected His people, the study of intertestamental Jewish (Gal. 1:18–2:14), and indicates nar- Israel, is that Paul himself is an literature, suggests Jews understood rative when he writes, “You foolish Israelite of the tribe of Benjamin. the gracious nature of salvation, Galatians! . It was before your This simple statement alludes to and their laws were simply their eyes that Jesus Christ was publicly two narratives: Paul’s own dramatic part of the covenant God made exhibited as crucified!” (Gal. 3:1, conversion story, which he was very with them. Their problem was the NRSV). His doctrine of the Resurrec- fond of telling (Paul, once so destruc- exclusive ethnocentricity that effec- tion was based on narrative (1 Cor. tive towards the followers of Jesus, tively blocked Paul’s mission to the 15:3–8) and, most famously, he used has not been rejected), and that of Gentiles. Another perspective, which the narrative of Abraham, Hagar, and the tribe of Benjamin—the son born is gaining acceptance, considers Sarah to build his doctrine of salva- by grace to a dying mother (Gen. Paul’s focus as apocalyptic—the tion by grace (Rom. 4; Gal. 3:6–9; 35:16–19), the recipient of special revelation and triumph of God’s 4). Finally, Paul states clearly in the graces from his brother Joseph (Gen. righteousness2—what Adventists first two verses of his epistle to the 43:8, 9, 16–34; 45:14–20)—saved have understood as the central motif Romans that “the gospel of God . from Egypt, and finally part of a rem- of Scripture, “the great controversy.” [was] promised beforehand through nant returned from the Babylonian his prophets in the holy scriptures” exile (Ezra 10:9). The old perspective (Rom. 1:1, 2, NRSV), indicating the Paul repeats that God has not Many Christians today read Paul’s foundation of his teaching. rejected His people. Many times epistles primarily from Luther’s “old Koch states there are 89 Old Israel appeared close to rejection. perspective,” so an appraisal of Testament quotations in the Pau- They had barely become a nation these other perspectives would line letters, 51 occur in Romans.7 when God threatened their destruc- be valuable. For starters, we must The density of scriptural quotation tion because they worshiped the understand the importance of recog- increases in Romans 9–11, where golden calf. Moses pleaded their nizing that Paul wrote with profound some theologians believe Paul case, offering his own rejection knowledge of Jewish Scripture, reaches the climax of his argument (Exod. 32:9, 10, 31–34). God’s reply particularly its narrative qualities.3 that God’s dealings with Israel are is pertinent: “ ‘Whoever has sinned Recent scholarship has recognized consistent with the way He has against me, him will I blot out of that the New Testament should not always worked.8 For centuries, Paul my book’ ”(v. 33).9 Moses remade be isolated from the Old,4 narrative has been seen as the champion of the stone tablets, and God repeated MINISTRY 14 SEPTEMBER 2010 His covenant with explicit words of own situation? Paul focuses, how- 11, he sums up this whole wonderful grace (Exod. 34:1, 5–7, 10–12). On ever, not on the failure of Israel but situation: restoration comes entirely the very borders of the Promised on God’s revelation of the still-faithful by grace. Israel’s repeated failure to Land, Israel rebelled, fearing the remnant. Did Paul focus on Elijah’s be true to God can be remedied only military might of Canaan (Num. situation because he was thinking by God’s amazing grace. 13:25–14:10). Again God threatened of Elijah’s coming before the day of Thus, the first six verses of to disinherit them (Num. 14:11, 12), the Lord? Romans 11 present the old perspec- and Moses pleaded for them, on the Paul thus rapidly establishes, tive—Paul’s teaching that human basis of the covenant of grace made through scriptural narrative, that beings are saved individually by after the golden calf episode (Num. God does not abandon His people: a grace alone. They also suggest the 14:13–21). remnant will be saved by grace, and first premise of the new perspective, As Paul thought of Israel, a long God will be vindicated (Rom. 11:5). that Jews also understood this grace. parade of narratives suggested they Verse 6 repeats this thought. The However, there are hints in the Elijah were always on the verge of rejec- verse echoes Isaiah 11:11, the prom- message and the new world to come tion. A common thread runs through ise of God saving the remnant of His that Paul sees beyond human issues. all these near-rejection events: it was people. Paul loved the book of Isaiah, always the people who turned from quoting from it more than from any The blindness of Jews God, not God from the people. But other Old Testament book.10 Isaiah and Gentiles in Romans 11:2–5, Paul chose to 11 narrates the coming righteous Romans 11:7–15 presents a zero in on one of the most blatant Branch of Jesse and the future new complex argument that Israel has of these episodes: when Israel was earth, where barriers will be removed been blinded (or hardened) and a prosperous nation, settled into the from between all former enemies: made jealous so that Gentiles can Promised Land, under no military wolves lie with lambs, toddlers with come in. Modern scholarship favors threat or difficulty, during the time adders (and by inference, Jews with the idea of the word being “hard- of Ahab and Elijah. Frustrated and Gentiles). In just a few words, Paul ened” not “blinded” (v. 7), but the discouraged, Elijah complains to alludes to both the coming Mes- scriptures Paul quotes in verses 8–10 God against them. Did Paul sense siah and the dreamed restoration of (Deut. 29:4; Isa. 29:10; Ps. 69:22, 23) a similarity between Elijah’s and his Israel. In verses 5 and 6 of Romans refer to blindness: “ ‘God gave them traveling where missionaries cannot go The gospel on-air and now online Explore programs in 80 languages from studios around the world, featuring sermons, Bible lessons, interview, dramas, and more. Search our programs by language and topic, then instantly listen to uplifting messages of God’s love. To share programs with your neighbor, download and print an invitation in their language, then hand it to them with a smile. www.awr.org 12501 Old COlumbia Pike · Silver SPring, maryland 20904 · 800-337-4297 @awrweb facebook.com/awrweb MINISTRY 15 SEPTEMBER 2010 E li z A b et h Ö strin g . eyes that should not see.’ . There their eyes are opened to their identity but of attitude. This occurs ‘[L]et their eyes be darkened so that dire predicament. The king of Israel, by the revelation of God’s power and they cannot see.’ ” Is Paul alluding blind to spiritual opportunity, eagerly character to Elisha, to his servant, to to a story here? Between the verses asks, “ ‘Shall I slay them?’ ” (v. 21). the king of Israel, and to the Syrians; quoted from the Elijah story (1 Kings No, says Elisha, give them food and that is, to everyone. 19:10, 18) are verses commanding water to drink. Now the king “sees,” Elijah to anoint a new king over Syria and prepares a great feast for his The olive-tree analogy (God’s involvement with Gentiles), a “guests,” who afterward simply go Paul now develops the idea of new king over northern Israel (God’s away (v.