Norwegian stakeholder input on Orientations towards the first Strategic Plan for Horizon Europe Introduction

On 8 - 9 October 2019, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and SINTEF, Scandinavia’s largest independent research institute, gathered more than 100 top-level representatives from Norwegian private and public sector in Brussels, including CEOs, presidents and vice presidents, to discuss Norwegian contributions to and participation in European research and innovation. Representatives from the European Commission kindly accepted our invitation to join. We were very fortunate to have participants from DG CNECT, DG ENER, DG MARE, DG MOVE, DG RTD, the European Political Strategy Centre and the European Defence Agency, including a Director General, Directors, Heads of Units and Policy Advisors.

We would like to cordially thank the European Commission representatives for spending time with the Norwegian stakeholders, for giving us important insights and information about European research and innovation policies, priorities and programmes. For two days we discussed Orientations towards the fi rst Strategic Plan for Horizon Europe . The debates were centred on Digitalization, Energy, Health, Mobility and Oceans. This document presents the conclusions from two intense days of discussions on the challenges facing Europe, key R&I orientations, as well as industrial opportunities and opportunities for society in general in the key areas above. While the document represents the input developed over two days by the combined set of Norwegian stakeholders, it is ultimately the sole responsibility of NTNU and SINTEF. We hope that the input will be well received and perceived as useful in the fi nal preparations of the fi rst Strategy Plan for Horizon Europe, and eventually the development of the Horizon Europe Work Programmes.

Anne Borg Alexandra Bech Gjørv Acting Rector NTNU CEO SINTEF

2 3 Digitalization entails a critical dependency on the Digitalization digital systems. Digitalization and Cyber Security are two sides of the same coin. The race to detect Challenges — Digitalization and deflect malevolent attacks and safeguard Digital technologies are the backbone of future against accidents and natural disasters is ever competitiveness and better societies. Public and ongoing and requires significant investment in private investment in R&D in digital technologies research, knowledge building and educational must be strengthened. capacity. We need to understand the effects of these The need for Research and Innovation on Digi- technologies on citizens and on society at large. talization: Key R&I Topics In this context, social sciences have an important The key digital technologies Artificial Intelligence, role to play. Moreover, successful implementation Big Data, Internet of Things, Cyber Security and of digital technologies in the public sector and Autonomous Systems should be prioritized to industry will require research in areas related to support digitalization. people, organizations, processes and technology. In particular, a collective and decisive EU Research and innovation agenda for Industrial AI will be Industrial and Societal Opportunities instrumental in bringing its benefits to all citizens Key Digital Technologies including efficient electronic and businesses. The potential of AI in the public components and computer architectures are and health sectors needs special attention. necessary for development and the environment, Moreover, advances and capabilities in explainable and essential to address the UN’s SDGs. and trustworthy AI and robotics are crucial. Horizon Europe should facilitate projects that Research that strengthens our ability to extract the combine leading digital technology and value of data and share data in different ecosystems industrial domain competency to develop is crucial. Open science and data are important for innovative and disruptive solutions. Indeed, the advancement of science but are also vital for interplay between the application areas and core enterprises. Issues related to privacy need to be digital technology is key. addressed so we can make use of new and existing In order to secure European independence data collections, particularly related to health. Devising of international supply, research in advanced instruments for data sharing and use that address electronics components and architectures must be these issues are vital for European competitiveness. supplemented by a focus on high-capacity, high- The Next Generation Internet (NGI) initiative, which yield production of state-of-the-art components. has as its goal to develop the key technologies, building blocks and infrastructures for the internet Contact: of tomorrow must also include future mobile Dr. Morten Dalsmo, Executive Vice President, communication systems, i.e. beyond 5G/6G; IoT and SINTEF Digital, [email protected] sensor networks; and the interplay between these Professor Bjarne Foss, Pro-Rector for Research, technologies. Incorporating these mobile systems NTNU, [email protected] will allow important tasks such as environmental Professor Torbjørn Svendsen, Director NTNU surveillance, especially in the Arctic, as well as Digital, [email protected] monitoring for road safety and maintenance and marine aquaculture, to name just a few.

3 Market and system design, representing the Energy real physical system, will make the integrated energy system fi t a new reality of fl exibility, on Challenges— Energy demand and production services. The energy system needs to be decarbonized Enable the hydrogen economy with clean by 2050. This pertains to the entire energy energy from electrolysis and from natural gas mix. Remaining emissions will have to be off set with CCS. Develop the cross-enabling nature of by technologies capable of removing carbon hydrogen and electricity use, in industry, power, emissions. These technologies will also be critical heating, transport and other hard-to-abate sectors for removing emissions from energy-related sectors and energy storage. Clean hydrogen is a fuel that such as agriculture, process emissions, as well as can also be transformed into ammonia, which is a non-CO2 greenhouse gases. commonly transported chemical that in many cases A just and fair transition must be made on may be easier to transport than hydrogen. nature’s terms. Preserving biodiversity and Strengthen R&I actions towards real storage ensuring sustainable ecosystems must be projects for CO2. The ability to store CO2 will be duly considered and respected in policies and crucial for securing a climate -neutral continent by technology developments. 2050. Storage capacity will enable strong sector

Unprecedented scale-up in research, coupling: hydrogen from natural gas with CO2 innovation and deployment is needed to separation, decarbonization of energy intensive reach net zero emission goal for 2050. It will industry (cement and steel), power generation with be key to deploy all sustainable solutions by near-zero emissions and climate-positive solutions developing new technologies, as well as refi ning that allow for removing CO2 from the atmosphere. and optimizing current technologies and to follow Start investing in R&I for climate-positive up this deployment with continued improvement solutions (CPS). Europe is missing an R&I agenda activities. Resource effi ciency, secure supplies and for these solutions, which remain largely unknown, production must provide the basis for a thriving under-researched and at present suff er from a lack European sustainable industry and economy. of adequate resources. The ultimate risk here is that we fail to reach the Paris agreement goals. The need for Research and Innovation on How can we expand resources, develop innovative Energy: Key R&I Topics new solutions and scale them up for the market? Environmental design for all renewable One opportunity is to use the ocean for production generation solutions. The negative impacts of the of biofuels and carbon uptake. energy transition must be minimized. We must also optimize overall European energy effi ciency, energy Industrial and Societal Opportunities storage possibilities and energy stability regulations Energy and climate are key elements in the across borders. Cross-border energy life cycle European Green Deal. This development will environmental costs must also be minimized. allow Europe to spearhead innovative new Additionally we must study the cross-border use sustainable solutions and underpin green of energy systems as the European hydropower industrial development and growth sector. A just transition is key — thus any European-scale

4 5 solutions must be acceptable — in terms of We need to invest in R&I for structural funds and new solutions, efficient use of resources, land the innovation fund to complement MS/AC efforts use and large-scale deployment. The role of in this field.Following up on the SET-Plan policies and regulations must follow hand-in-hand implementation groups will be crucial. with technological developments as well as societal and end-user acceptance. For example, to be able Contact: to trial innovative approaches in cities, we need to Professor Johan Einar Hustad, Director NTNU create regulatory sandboxes to promote piloting Energy, [email protected] of energy innovations. This is to make sure that Dr. Inge R. Gran, CEO, SINTEF Energy Research, regulations fit future cities. [email protected] Look at scale — for example, how can we make Dr. Nils Røkke, Executive Vice President floating wind power a European success story? Sustainability, SINTEF, [email protected]

4 5 or even countries) on a larger scale may be a Health feasible approach. Such “living labs” should focus on chronic diseases such as dementia and Challenges — Health psychiatric disorders, and aim at prevention, In general, health and care services in Europe early detection, efficient and fair distribution of today are considered good to excellent. However, health care, and empowerment of the population citizens’ expectations and needs are increasing. at all levels. In addition, there will be a higher number of older people living with multiple chronic diseases. Industrial and Societal Opportunities Without structural change and a more cost-efficient If successful, our proposed actions will contribute approach, the current European health systems to a Europe that has access to high quality are likely to deteriorate or collapse as a result of a health-related data on its population. The data tremendous increase in patient load. Adding to the will be possible to share between countries severity of the situation, innovation in health care is and information from different sources can easily slow and novel diagnostics and treatments usually be combined for analysis to monitor health both take too long to be implemented broadly to benefit at an individual and population level to improve the population as a whole. The reasons for this are health care. Data will be available for research many, including cultural differences, lack of cross and innovation, and if combined with community sectorial collaboration, ineffective funding systems data, support cross-disciplinary collaboration for and regulatory hurdles. health interventions. Regulatory and law changes will ensure that data are available in a form that The need for Research and Innovation in can be used for research, innovation and business Health: Key R&I Topics development, resulting in value creation that To reduce the overwhelming burden on the health in the end is returned to the provider of the care system, we must do more to prevent disease, data. Active involvement of industry, especially reduce the number of patients treated ineffectively SMEs, in public – private partnerships and living or unnecessary, and empower patients to prevent laboratories will secure scale up of successful and manage life with chronic disease. To avoid results at a European level. failure of the health system, we must develop and implement better diagnostics and more Contact: personalized treatment options. To succeed with Professor Bjørn Gustafsson, Dean, Faculty of research, innovation and development of a health Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, industry that can support such transformation, [email protected] access to individual and population data, Dr. Jon Harald Kaspersen, Research combined from relevant public and private Director, SINTEF Digital, Health Research, sources, is needed. Methods and regulations for [email protected] safe data management and handling individual Dr. Magnus Steigedal, Director NTNU Health, privacy are crucial and time-critical requirements. [email protected] Implementation of successful solutions from studies in “living labs” (defined by regions

6 7 structures, among others. Mobility Cooperative, connected and automated transport: Data analytics and data sharing Challenges in the area of Mobility will allow safer and more efficient mobility, Mobility is the bloodstream of our society. Moving effective terminals and ports, cooperation and people and goods on land, at sea and in the air communication between vehicles/infrastructure, keeps our world ticking, serves well-being and holistic transport systems optimized on a set of economic efficiency and is an important industry KPIs, control functions in automated transport, and in itself. Despite its importance, Europe is missing standardization for optimized and effective mobility. an overall vision for its mobility industry. The Zero-emission mobility: Particularly for heavy automobile industry is slowly responding to transport vehicles, longer transport and the demands for no emissions, but a clear view on infrastructure development (ship, rail, trucks, where we see opportunities to take the lead in the construction, aviation), energy efficiency is needed. whole sector is lacking. Based on what we view Optimization opportunities include implementing as the main challenges, we see opportunities autonomy, automation and digitalization (data), that define R&I challenges and open industrial door-to-door transport concepts, and optimized opportunities, and that can make a real impact. use of available transport capacity. We need to Zero-emission mobility: Currently, there is a lack implement a circular economy, including methods of methods to identify climate impacts from the for calculating the total emissions from transport entire transport system and no solution for energy and the indirect emissions from production of supply and infrastructure for heavy vehicles and materials for building transport infrastructure. longer transport. Mobility for the good life: Mobility should be seen Integration: The system suffers from a fragmented as part of the development of smart cities, including transport sector, without multimodality. Systems planning mobility that supports the good life for are not integrated and there is no, sharing or use of citizens and industry, recognizes user perspectives, available data for organizational cooperation. Nor with an understanding of the behaviour and needs is mobility included in the planning phase of city of transport users. development, and user perspectives are seldom Maintenance and climate adaption: We need included. to develop smart uses of existing infrastructure, Partnerships and knowledge sharing: Some predictive maintenance, new materials in a circular aspects of transport research in the EU are economy perspective. constrained to certain research groups, despite the overall goals of open research.

The need for Research and Innovation on Mobility: Key R&I Topic Cross-disciplinary research is a prerequisite to achieve transport and mobility objectives, including technology, societal economy, psychology, innovation and industrialization, and organizational

6 7 Industrial and Societal Opportunities Contact: • Low-emission technologies and services for and Professor Olav Bolland, Dean, Faculty of by transport Engineering Science, NTNU, [email protected] • Safer and more effi cient transport services Dr. Beate Kvamstad-Lervold, Special Advisor, supporting citizens needs SINTEF Ocean, Energy and Transport, • More liveable cities [email protected] • Increased innovation and industrialization to Dr. Petter Støa, Vice President Research, SINTEF build a global competitive transport industry Energy Research, [email protected]

8 9 Focus on the development of life-cycle Oceans assessment methods adapted for ocean industries. Challenges — Oceans Focus on new ways for large-scale Research and innovation are strong contributors biomonitoring, data harvesting and to build knowledge and establish measures to development of analytical technologies secure ocean health and to unlock the ocean’s and pipelines to establish knowledge and to potential in climate change mitigation through understand the oceans’ complex natural systems new technologies and the development of and their response to anthropological pressures. circular blue economies. A scientific approach Modern methodologies using molecular tools and methodology need to be adopted when taking should be further developed to cope with large- and revising decisions. The identification of critical scale situations, multi-disciplinary cooperation and aspects and the acquisition of essential data are standardized platforms for data exchange and crucial to disentangle perceptions from accurate sharing, i.e. refinement of DNA-barcoding and predictions and propose appropriate solutions to metabarcoding. challenges faced by our oceans. Focus on scientific research on ocean The European objectives to develop a sustainable governance to establish new and effective blue economy should be the lighthouse when governance models as a cooperative effort across integrating the contributions from research, countries, including models for co-existence and industry, public authorities and citizens. co-use of ocean space, such as in the recognition Sustainable and innovative use of the oceans that pollution impacts are not restricted to ocean is critical to more sustainable energy production properties nor by political barriers. Research (including Climate Positive Solutions, CPS) and will include new socio-economical models to food production. Research in low-carbon maritime understand societal needs and acceptance as well transport to achieve safe zero emission mobility is as consumer behaviour. Research & innovation can a key element not only for ocean health, but for the improve growth without over-exploitation. health of the entire planet. Industrial and Societal Opportunities The need for Research and Innovation on A focus on the ocean’s potential to strengthen Oceans, key R&I Activities: industrial development through emerging Focus on sustainable fisheries, aquaculture technologies will also advance the understanding of technologies and the development of the ocean’s important role in climate mitigation harvesting and production of low trophic and its use. species to increase the percentage of food from The oceans are not only a resource to harvest the oceans and explore the potential of the oceans and nurture, or an ecosystem to be studied and in their role as a food provider. protected; they are also a cultural construction. Focus on the development of zero- and low- Many Europeans have long built their national emission maritime transport as an integrated identities around their links to the sea and bodies part of mobility and urbanization through of water, a fact that researchers and businesses development of new vessels and fuel concepts. need to consider. Solutions to the food paradox

9 and climate change challenges should be explored Contact: by sustainable & effective use of the oceansfor Professor Ingrid Schjølberg, Dean, Faculty of energy, food, feed, and mineral production. This will Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, relieve the strain on land-based activities as well as Director NTNU Oceans, [email protected] allow the development of safe and reliable green Dr. Vegar Johansen, CEO SINTEF Ocean, transport for healthier and sustainable societies. [email protected] Enhanced public involvement: use research Dr. Bård Wathne Tveiten, Research Director, to enable the promotion of social acceptance SINTEF Ocean, [email protected] towards a zero-emission society and disseminating Ms. Maria Azucena Gutierrez Gonzlez, Coordinator the importance of healthy oceans for a healthy NTNU Oceans, [email protected] globe, as well as promoting necessary change in consumer patterns.

10 11 Kongsberg Maritime AS Participants Kongsberg Seatex AS Norwegian Coastal Administration NTNU and SINTE EU Strategy Event Norwegian Food Safety Authority Brussels 8 – 9 October 2019 Mentis Cura AS Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Abelia Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services Aker BioMarine Mission of to the EU Aker Solutions NHO Brussel Arbaflame NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration Norwegian Research Council BEUC Norwegian Industry Boost.ai Norsk Tipping DG CNECT, European Commission Norway Health Tech DG ENER, European Commission Novartis Norway DG MARE, European Commission Nord-Trøndelag Elektrisitetsverk DG MOVE, European Commission Norwegian University of Science and Technology DG RTD, European Commission NTNU DigitalNorway The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy DNV GL Directorate EERA – European Energy Research Alliance Ocean Data Platform Foundation Energy Norge Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy EPSC, European Political Strategy Centre, European AS Commission Petroleum Safety Authorities Norway Equinor Rainpower European Defence Agency The Research Council of Norway europeiskpolitikk.no Science Business EVRY NORGE AS SINTEF Financial Mechanism Office Siva SF Fiskerstrand Holding AS St Olavs Hospital Norwegian Institute of Public Health Norwegian Medicines Agency Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI) Norwegian Public Roads Administration Gassnova SF GIEK (Garantiinstituttet for eksportkreditt) SF GlucoSet AS The Storting Grieg Star AS Norwegian Hospital Construction Agency Hafslund E-CO Telenor Research Central Norway Regional Health Authority Trondheim Municipality Hydro Trøndelag County ICT-Norway Mid-Norway European Office Innovation Norway University of Bergen Norwegian Railway Directorate University newspaper (Universitetsavisa) JPI Oceans Visolit Norway AS Kantega AS Yara Khrono ÅKP AS Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace

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