Antimicrobial Susceptibility Manual

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Manual Policy # MI_AST Page 1 of 159 Department of Microbiology Quality Manual Version: 5.15 CURRENT Section: Bacteriology Procedures Subject Title: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Manual Prepared by QA Committee Issued by: Laboratory Manager Revision Date: 9/21/2021 Approved by Laboratory Director: Next Review Date: 9/21/2023 Microbiologist-in-Chief Uncontrolled When Printed TABLE OF CONTENTS WHEN TO TEST ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Criteria for Susceptibility Testing ................................................................................................................ 6 WHAT TO TEST:............................................................................................................................................ 7 Enterobacterales ............................................................................................................................................... 7 E. coli O:157 .................................................................................................................................................... 8 Salmonella typhi .............................................................................................................................................. 8 Salmonella species other than S. typhi ............................................................................................................. 8 Shigella species................................................................................................................................................ 8 Vibrio species .................................................................................................................................................. 8 Acinetobacter species ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ................................................................................................................................ 8 (8) Pseudomonas sp., Plesiomonas sp. and other afermenters ......................................................................... 9 Aeromonas species .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ........................................................................................................................ 9 Burkholderia cepacia Complex including [1]: ................................................................................................ 9 Haemophilus species ....................................................................................................................................... 9 Helicobacter pylori ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Moraxella catarrhalis .................................................................................................................................... 10 Neisseria gonorrhoeae .................................................................................................................................. 10 Neisseria meningitides ................................................................................................................................... 10 (9) Other fastidious Gram negatives (e.g. HACEK group, Pasteurella species) ............................................ 10 Campylobacter species .................................................................................................................................. 10 Staphylococcus aureus .................................................................................................................................. 10 Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus NOT Staphylococcus lugdunensis ....................................................... 11 Staphylococcus lugdunensis/ ......................................................................................................................... 12 Micrococcus species ...................................................................................................................................... 12 UNIVERSITY HEALTH NETWORK/MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL, DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY NOTE: This document is Uncontrolled When Printed. Any documents appearing in paper form that do not state "CONTROLLED COPY " in red print are not controlled and should be checked against the document (titled as above) on the server prior to use. Management System\UHN_Mount Sinai Hospital Microbiology\Standard Operating Procedures\Bacteriology Procedures\ Policy # MI_AST Page 2 of Department of Microbiology 159 Quality Manual Version: 5.15 CURRENT Section: Bacteriology Procedures Subject Title: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Manual Aerococcus species ........................................................................................................................................ 12 Enterococcus species ..................................................................................................................................... 12 Streptococcus pneumoniae ............................................................................................................................ 13 Group A, B, C, G Streptococcus ................................................................................................................... 13 Streptococcus bovis, viridans Streptococcus ................................................................................................. 13 Streptococcus anginosus group and small colony-ß-haemolytic Streptococcus ........................................... 13 Listeria species .............................................................................................................................................. 14 Corynebacterium species ............................................................................................................................... 14 Bacillus species.............................................................................................................................................. 14 Nocardia species............................................................................................................................................ 14 Anaerobes ...................................................................................................................................................... 14 Yeasts............................................................................................................................................................. 14 WHAT TO REPORT: .................................................................................................................................... 15 Urine – Gram Positive Susceptibility Reporting 1 – Staphylococcus species, MRSA ........................... 15 Urine – Gram Positive Susceptibility Reporting – 2 – Enterococcus species, Streptococcus species, Aerococcus species ....................................................................................................................................... 17 Urine - Gram Negative Susceptibility Reporting ...................................................................................... 19 Enterics ......................................................................................................................................................... 21 Respiratory and Miscellaneous Non-Sterile Sites - Gram Positive Susceptibility Reporting – 1 – Staphylococcus .............................................................................................................................................. 22 Respiratory and Miscellaneous Non-Sterile Sites - Gram Positive Susceptibility Reporting – 2 – Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium spp., Bacillus spp., viridans Streptococcus, Listeria spp., Aerococcus species ....................................................................................................................................... 24 Respiratory and Miscellaneous Non-Sterile Sites - Gram Negative Susceptibility Reporting – 1 – Enterobacterales, Acinetobater species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas species ........................ 26 Respiratory and Miscellaneous Non-Sterile Sites - Gram Negative Susceptibility Reporting – 2 – Haemophilus species, M. catarrhalis, S. maltophilia, B. cepacia, Pseudomonas species (other than P. aeruginosa), fastidious gram-negative bacteria, non-fermenters, Neisseria meningitides, H. pylori. ... 28 Spinal Fluids – Gram Positive Susceptibility Reporting .......................................................................... 30 Spinal Fluids – Gram Negative Susceptibility Reporting – 1 – Enterobacterales and Acinetobacter spp., Salmonella species including S. typhi, Shigella species ............................................................................. 32 UNIVERSITY HEALTH NETWORK/MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL, DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY NOTE: This document is Uncontrolled When Printed. Any documents appearing in paper form that do not state "CONTROLLED COPY” in red print are not controlled and should be checked against the document (titled as above) on the server prior to use. Management System\UHN_Mount Sinai Hospital Microbiology\Standard Operating Procedures\Bacteriology Procedures\ Policy
Recommended publications
  • Isbn 978-625-409-353-1
    ISBN 978-625-409-353-1 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIOLOGICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES PROCEEDİNGS BOOK This work is subject to copyright and all rights reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned. The right to publish this book belongs to International Congress on Biological and Health Sciences-2021. No part of this publication may be translated, reproduced, stored in a computerized system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including, but not limited to electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording without written permission from the publisher. This Proceedings Book has been published as an electronic publication (e-book). The publisher is not responsible for possible damages, which may be a result of content derived from this electronic publication All authors are responsible for the contents of their abstracts. https://www.biohealthcongress.com/ ([email protected]) Editor Ulaş ACARÖZ Published: 28/03/2021 ISBN: Editor's Note The first ‘International Congress on Biological and Health Sciences’ was organized online and free of charge. We are very happy and proud that various health science-related fields attended the congress. By this event, the distinguished and respected scientists came together to exchange ideas, develop and implement new researches and joint projects. There were 15 invited speakers from 10 different countries and also approximately 400 submissions were accepted from more than 20 countries. We would like to thank all participants and supporters. Hope to see you at our next congress.
    [Show full text]
  • Figure 1: Etest Gradient Configuration When an Etest Gradient Strip Is
    Inoculum preparation Table 1. Recommended media, inoculum and To obtain reproducible MICs from a gradient based Use the inoculum guide in TABLE 1. Emulsify several incubation1). system, the stability of the gradient must be maintai- well-isolated colonies from an overnight agar plate in lêÖ~åáëã= ^Ö~ê= fåçÅìäìã fåÅìÄ~íáçå ned throughout the critical period when the position a suitable suspension medium to achieve the specifi ed Öêçìé ãÉÇá~ of the growth/inhibition edge for a particular bac- inoculum turbidity by comparing to a McFarland pìëéÉåëáçå qìêÄáÇáíó= qÉãéÉê~íìêÉ= ^íãçëéÜÉêÉ qáãÉ= Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing terium/antibiotic combination is determined. Due turbidity standard. For fastidious organisms such as EjÅc~êä~åÇF Eœ=O=ø`F EÜçìêëF For In Vitro Diagnostic Use to the stability and precision of the Etest predefi ned pneumococci, streptococci, gonococci, anaerobes and gradient, MIC values have been shown to be repro- Haemophilus spp., use the suspension prepared in INTENDED USE ducible and equivalent to those of the CLSI reference broth within 15 minutes. ^ÉêçÄÉë jìÉääÉê= MKURB=k~`ä MKR================== PR=ø` ~ãÄáÉåí NSJOM Etest is a quantitative technique for determining dilution procedures. eáåíçå EN=áÑ=ãìÅçáÇF the antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram negative Inoculation and Gram positive aerobic bacteria such as En- REAGENTS Soak a sterile, non-toxic swab in the inoculum terobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Etest is supplied in a package of 100 or 30 (some suspension and remove excess fl uid by pressing it lop^L=lopb jìÉääÉê= MKURB=k~`ä MKR PR=ø` ~ãÄáÉåí OQ=lop^==== Enterococcus species and fastidious bacteria, such as reagents) test strips of one antimicrobial agent.
    [Show full text]
  • Examining the Antimicrobial Activity of Cefepime-Taniborbactam
    Examining the antimicrobial activity of cefepime-taniborbactam (formerly cefepime/VNRX-5133) against Burkholderia species isolated from cystic fibrosis patients in the United States Elise T. Zeiser1, Scott A. Becka1, John J. LiPuma2, David A. Six 3, Greg Moeck 3, and Krisztina M. Papp-Wallace1,4 1Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH; 2University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; 3Venatorx 4 Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Malvern, PA; and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract Results Background: Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), a group of >20 related species, and B. gladioli are 60 opportunistic human pathogens that cause chronic infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) or cefepime compromised immune systems. Ceftazidime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are first-line agents used to treat infections due to Burkholderia spp. However, these species have developed resistance to cefepime-taniborbactam many antibiotics, including first-line therapies. β-lactam resistance in Burkholderia species is largely 40 mediated by PenA-like chromosomal class A β-lactamases. A novel investigational β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination, cefepime-taniborbactam (formerly cefepime/VNRX-5133) demonstrates potent antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria producing class A, B, C, and D β-lactamases. The activity of cefepime-taniborbactam was investigated against Bcc and B. gladioli; moreover, the biochemical activity of taniborbactam against the PenA1 carbapenemase was evaluated. 20 Methods: CLSI-based agar dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing using cefepime and cefepime combined with taniborbactam at 4 mg/L was conducted against a curated panel of 150 Burkholderia species obtained from the Burkholderia cepacia Research Laboratory and Repository. Isolates were Number isolates of recovered from respiratory specimens from 150 different individuals with CF receiving care in 68 cities 0 throughout 36 states within the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Laboratory Manual for Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted And
    Department of AIDS Control LaborLaboraattororyy ManualManual fforor DiagnosisDiagnosis ofof SeSexxuallyually TTrransmitansmittteded andand RRepreproductivoductivee TTrractact InInffectionsections FOREWORD Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs) are diseases of major global concern. About 6% of Indian population is reported to be having STIs. In addition to having high levels of morbidity, they also facilitate transmission of HIV infection. Thus control of STIs goes hand in hand with control of HIV/AIDS. Countrywide strengthening of laboratories by helping them to adopt uniform standardized protocols is very important not only for case detection and treatment, but also to have reliable epidemiological information which will help in evaluation and monitoring of control efforts. It is also essential to have good referral services between primary level of health facilities and higher levels. This manual aims to bring in standard testing practices among laboratories that serve health facilities involved in managing STIs and RTIs. While generic procedures such as staining, microscopy and culture have been dealt with in detail, procedures that employ specific manufacturer defined kits have been left to the laboratories to follow the respective protocols. An introduction to quality system essentials and quality control principles has also been included in the manual to sensitize the readers on the importance of quality assurance and quality management system, which is very much the need of the hour. Manual of Operating Procedures for Diagnosis of STIs/RTIs i PREFACE Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are the most common infectious diseases worldwide, with over 350 million new cases occurring each year, and have far-reaching health, social, and economic consequences.
    [Show full text]
  • Table S4. Phylogenetic Distribution of Bacterial and Archaea Genomes in Groups A, B, C, D, and X
    Table S4. Phylogenetic distribution of bacterial and archaea genomes in groups A, B, C, D, and X. Group A a: Total number of genomes in the taxon b: Number of group A genomes in the taxon c: Percentage of group A genomes in the taxon a b c cellular organisms 5007 2974 59.4 |__ Bacteria 4769 2935 61.5 | |__ Proteobacteria 1854 1570 84.7 | | |__ Gammaproteobacteria 711 631 88.7 | | | |__ Enterobacterales 112 97 86.6 | | | | |__ Enterobacteriaceae 41 32 78.0 | | | | | |__ unclassified Enterobacteriaceae 13 7 53.8 | | | | |__ Erwiniaceae 30 28 93.3 | | | | | |__ Erwinia 10 10 100.0 | | | | | |__ Buchnera 8 8 100.0 | | | | | | |__ Buchnera aphidicola 8 8 100.0 | | | | | |__ Pantoea 8 8 100.0 | | | | |__ Yersiniaceae 14 14 100.0 | | | | | |__ Serratia 8 8 100.0 | | | | |__ Morganellaceae 13 10 76.9 | | | | |__ Pectobacteriaceae 8 8 100.0 | | | |__ Alteromonadales 94 94 100.0 | | | | |__ Alteromonadaceae 34 34 100.0 | | | | | |__ Marinobacter 12 12 100.0 | | | | |__ Shewanellaceae 17 17 100.0 | | | | | |__ Shewanella 17 17 100.0 | | | | |__ Pseudoalteromonadaceae 16 16 100.0 | | | | | |__ Pseudoalteromonas 15 15 100.0 | | | | |__ Idiomarinaceae 9 9 100.0 | | | | | |__ Idiomarina 9 9 100.0 | | | | |__ Colwelliaceae 6 6 100.0 | | | |__ Pseudomonadales 81 81 100.0 | | | | |__ Moraxellaceae 41 41 100.0 | | | | | |__ Acinetobacter 25 25 100.0 | | | | | |__ Psychrobacter 8 8 100.0 | | | | | |__ Moraxella 6 6 100.0 | | | | |__ Pseudomonadaceae 40 40 100.0 | | | | | |__ Pseudomonas 38 38 100.0 | | | |__ Oceanospirillales 73 72 98.6 | | | | |__ Oceanospirillaceae
    [Show full text]
  • Aliarcobacter Butzleri from Water Poultry: Insights Into Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence and Heavy Metal Resistance
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Aliarcobacter butzleri from Water Poultry: Insights into Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence and Heavy Metal Resistance Eva Müller, Mostafa Y. Abdel-Glil * , Helmut Hotzel, Ingrid Hänel and Herbert Tomaso Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 07743 Jena, Germany; Eva.Mueller@fli.de (E.M.); Helmut.Hotzel@fli.de (H.H.); [email protected] (I.H.); Herbert.Tomaso@fli.de (H.T.) * Correspondence: Mostafa.AbdelGlil@fli.de Received: 28 July 2020; Accepted: 16 September 2020; Published: 21 September 2020 Abstract: Aliarcobacter butzleri is the most prevalent Aliarcobacter species and has been isolated from a wide variety of sources. This species is an emerging foodborne and zoonotic pathogen because the bacteria can be transmitted by contaminated food or water and can cause acute enteritis in humans. Currently, there is no database to identify antimicrobial/heavy metal resistance and virulence-associated genes specific for A. butzleri. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance profile of two A. butzleri isolates from Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) reared on a water poultry farm in Thuringia, Germany, and to create a database to fill this capability gap. The taxonomic classification revealed that the isolates belong to the Aliarcobacter gen. nov. as A. butzleri comb. nov. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the gradient strip method. While one of the isolates was resistant to five antibiotics, the other isolate was resistant to only two antibiotics. The presence of antimicrobial/heavy metal resistance genes and virulence determinants was determined using two custom-made databases.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2015
    Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Recommendations and Reports / Vol. 64 / No. 3 June 5, 2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2015 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Recommendations and Reports CONTENTS CONTENTS (Continued) Introduction ............................................................................................................1 Gonococcal Infections ...................................................................................... 60 Methods ....................................................................................................................1 Diseases Characterized by Vaginal Discharge .......................................... 69 Clinical Prevention Guidance ............................................................................2 Bacterial Vaginosis .......................................................................................... 69 Special Populations ..............................................................................................9 Trichomoniasis ................................................................................................. 72 Emerging Issues .................................................................................................. 17 Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ............................................................................. 75 Hepatitis C ......................................................................................................... 17 Pelvic Inflammatory
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of the Etest and the Routine Multi-Disc Agar Diffusion Susceptibility of Staphylococcus Species
    Yah SC Etest and routine agar testing of Staphylococcus Comparison of the Etest and the routine multi-disc agar diffusion susceptibility of Staphylococcus species *Yah SC1, Ching FP2 and Atuanya EI3 Abstract. Aims: The present study, tend to evaluate the validity and accuracy of Etest as a method for performing in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus with comparison to the routine multi disc agar diffusion. This is because the Etest susceptibility method is not yet known as a rapid, simple reliable technique in developing countries as it combine the functions of both dilution and diffusion technique. Materials and methods: Ninety-seven Staphylococcus aureus and eighty- three Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates were obtained from wound samples and identified according to standard morphological and biochemical methods. The antibiotics susceptibility patterns were determined both by agar disc diffusion and Etest methods in accordance to NCCLS (1997) criteria and manufacturer (AB Biodisk Sweden) respectively. Results: On the Etest strips, Staph aureus was 83.5% sensitive to ciprofloxacin, 52.6% to gentamicin, 48.5% to ampicillin and 8.2% to chloramphenicol while on the multi-disc agar diffusion plates 80.4% of Staph aureus were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, 49.5% to gentamicin, 39.2% to ampicillin and 12.4% to chloramphenicol.. On the Etest strips, 80.7% of Staph epidermidis were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, 34.9% to gentamicin, 25.3% to ampicillin and 15.7% to chloramphenicol while on the multi- disc agar diffusion plates 89.2% of Staph epidermidis were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, 34.9% to gentamicin, 25.3% to ampicillin and 32.5% to chloramphenicol.
    [Show full text]
  • Biomerieux Product List 2016
    HOW BLOOD CULTURE / FULL MICROBIOLOGY IDENTIFICATION & MANUAL SEROLOGY / MOLECULAR ENVIRONMENTAL SHORT HOME TO USE MYCOBACTERIAL CULTURE LABLAB AUTOMATION CULTURE MEDIA SUSCEPTIBILITY AND QC IMMUNOASSAYS RAPID TEST / IMMUNOLOGY BIOLOGY MONITORING CUTS CLINIC AL PRODUC T LIST JANUARY 2016 1 www.biomerieux-nordic.com HOW BLOOD CULTURE / FULL MICROBIOLOGY IDENTIFICATION & MANUAL SEROLOGY / MOLECULAR ENVIRONMENTAL SHORT HOME TO USE MYCOBACTERIAL CULTURE LABLAB AUTOMATION CULTURE MEDIA SUSCEPTIBILITY AND QC IMMUNOASSAYS RAPID TEST / IMMUNOLOGY BIOLOGY MONITORING CUTS HOME Our Principles Sales Orders & Enquiries Customer Support Training and Education Technical Library & Quality Control Certificates History bioMérieux Quality bioMérieux Goes Green Terms & Conditions Legal PIONEERING DIAGNOSTICS to improve public health especially in the fight of infectious diseases. 2 www.biomerieux-nordic.com HOW BLOOD CULTURE / FULL MICROBIOLOGY IDENTIFICATION & MANUAL SEROLOGY / MOLECULAR ENVIRONMENTAL SHORT HOME TO USE MYCOBACTERIAL CULTURE LABLAB AUTOMATION CULTURE MEDIA SUSCEPTIBILITY AND QC IMMUNOASSAYS RAPID TEST / IMMUNOLOGY BIOLOGY MONITORING CUTS HOME Our Principles Our Principles Sales Orders & Enquiries Customer Support Customers come First Training and Education We must satisfy our customers Technical Library & Quality Control Certificates – clinicians and laboratory professionals – History bioMérieux with high quality, innovative products and Quality services to protect and improve the health bioMérieux Goes Green of patients and consumers worldwide. Terms & Conditions Legal Employees are our Greatest Asset We must respect and recognise the work and the ideas of all employees, no matter what their job. We work together towards a common goal: satisfy our customers. We must provide employees with the training and resources they need to achieve this. We Belong to a Community We have social, environmental and economic responsibilities towards the local communities where our sites are located.
    [Show full text]
  • Fosfomycin Drug Review
    THE NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER FOSFOMYCIN: REVIEW AND USE CRITERIA BACKGROUND Fosfomycin is a phosphonic acid derivative, which inhibits peptidoglycan assembly, thereby disrupting cell wall synthesis.1 Its uptake into the bacterial cell occurs via active transport, by the L-α-glycerophosphate transport and hexose phosphate uptake systems. Once inside the bacteria, it competes with phosphoenolpyruvate to irreversibly inhibit the enzyme enolpyruvyl transferase that catalyzes the first step of peptidoglycan synthesis.1,2 By irreversibly blocking this enzyme, cell wall synthesis is interrupted. Fosfomycin also decreases bacteria adherence to uroepithelial cells. Fosfomycin has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) in adult women that is caused by Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis.2 Oral fosfomycin has also been used for non-FDA approved indication such as complicated UTI without bacteremia. Intravenous fosfomycin, which is not available in the US, has also been used for a variety of infections including meningitis, pneumonia, and pyelonephritis.2 Fosfomycin does not have an indication for the treatment of pyelonephritis or perinephric abscess.2,3 Fosfomycin has broad spectrum of activity against aerobic gram positive and gram negative pathogens. It was shown in vitro and in clinical studies, to have activity against ≥90% of strains of E. coli, Citrobacter diversus, C. freundii, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Providencia rettgeri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. faecalis and E. faecium [including vancomycin resistant (VRE)] species, and Staphylococcus aureus [including Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)] associated with UTI.2,3 Currently, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) susceptibility breakpoints exist only for E.
    [Show full text]
  • Laboratory Protocols Level 1 Training Course Agar Diffusion Using E-Test 4
    Global Salm-Surv A global Salmonella surveillance and laboratory support project of the World Health Organization Laboratory Protocols Level 1 Training Course Agar diffusion using E-test 4th Ed. April 2003 EDITED BY: RENE S. HENDRIKSEN (DFVF) Contents Page 1. Susceptibility testing: Determination of phenotypic resistance...........................................3 1.2 Agar diffusion with E-test (determination of an approximate MIC-value).........................5 2. Composition and preparation of culture media and reagents.............................................10 Laboratory record sheets...........................................................................................................11 2 1. Susceptibility testing: Determination of phenotypic resistance 1) Agar diffusion with disk 2) Agar diffusion with E-test 3) MIC-determination using Agar dilution method. Introduction The MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) of a bacterium to a certain antimicrobial agent gives a quantitative estimate of the susceptibility. MIC is defined as the lowest concentration of antimicrobial agent required to inhibit growth of the organism. The principle is simple: Agar plates, tubes or microtitre trays with two-fold dilutions of antibiotics are inoculated with a standardised inoculum of the bacteria and incubated under standardised conditions following NCCLS guidelines. The next day, the MIC is recorded as the lowest concentration of antimicrobial agent with no visible growth. The MIC informs you about the degree of resistance and might give you important information about the resistance mechanism and the resistance genes involved. MIC-determination performed as agar dilution is regarded as the gold standard for susceptibility testing. Agar diffusion tests are often used as qualitative methods to determine whether a bacterium is resistant, intermediately resistant or susceptible. However, the agar diffusion method can be used for determination of MIC values provided the necessary reference curves for conversion of inhibition zones into MIC values are available.
    [Show full text]
  • Product List Clinical
    APRIL 2017 PRODUCT LIST CLINICAL 1 MANUAL BLOOD CULTURE / IDENTIFICATION & SEROLOGY / RAPID MOLECULAR ENVIRONMENTAL HOME HOW TO USE MYCOBACTERIAL LAB EFFICIENCY CULTURE MEDIA IMMUNOASSAYS INDEX SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST / BIOLOGY MONITORING CULTURE IMMUNOLOGY HOME BIOMÉRIEUX: INNOVATIVE DIAGNOSTIC SOLUTIONS SALES ORDERS & ENQUIRIES DELIVERY CUSTOMER SERVICE SUPPORT TRAINING AND EDUCATION TECHNICAL LIBRARY & QUALITY CONTROL CERTIFICATE BIOMÉRIEUX AN INSTITUT MÉRIEUX COMPANY PRODUCT QUALITY AND SAFETY CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY GENERAL CONDITIONS OF SALE LEGAL HOW TO USE BLOOD CULTURE / MYCOBACTERIAL CULTURE LAB EFFICIENCY CULTURE MEDIA IDENTIFICATION & SUSCEPTIBILITY IMMUNOASSAYS MANUAL SEROLOGY / RAPID TEST / IMMUNOLOGY HOME MOLECULAR BIOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING bioMérieux UK +44 (0)1256 480701 +44 (0)1256 816863 [email protected] www.biomerieux.co.uk 2 PRODUCT LIST CLINICAL APRIL 2017 MANUAL BLOOD CULTURE / IDENTIFICATION & SEROLOGY / RAPID MOLECULAR ENVIRONMENTAL HOME HOW TO USE MYCOBACTERIAL LAB EFFICIENCY CULTURE MEDIA IMMUNOASSAYS INDEX SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST / BIOLOGY MONITORING CULTURE IMMUNOLOGY BIOMÉRIEUX: INNOVATIVE DIAGNOSTIC SOLUTIONS SALES ORDERS & ENQUIRIES DELIVERY CUSTOMER SERVICE SUPPORT TRAINING AND EDUCATION TECHNICAL LIBRARY & QUALITY CONTROL BIOMÉRIEUX: INNOVATIVE CERTIFICATE BIOMÉRIEUX AN INSTITUT MÉRIEUX COMPANY PRODUCT QUALITY AND SAFETY DIAGNOSTIC SOLUTIONS CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY GENERAL CONDITIONS OF SALE LEGAL of in vitro diagnostics for over 50 years, bioMérieux is present in more than 150 countries through
    [Show full text]