PREGABALIN PFIZER™ Pregabalin (PRE-Gab-A-Lin) Pfizer (F-Eye-Zer) Consumer Medicine Information

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

PREGABALIN PFIZER™ Pregabalin (PRE-Gab-A-Lin) Pfizer (F-Eye-Zer) Consumer Medicine Information PREGABALIN PFIZER™ pregabalin (PRE-gab-a-lin) pfizer (F-eye-zer) Consumer Medicine Information Pregabalin Pfizer belongs to What is in this a group of medicines called Before you take it leaflet anticonvulsants. These medicines are thought to When you must not This leaflet answers some work by controlling brain take it common questions about chemicals which send signals Pregabalin Pfizer. to nerves so that seizures do Do not take Pregabalin not happen. Pfizer if you have an allergy It does not contain all the to: available information. It does Pregabalin Pfizer also has • not take the place of talking pain relieving effects. pregabalin, the active to your doctor or pharmacist. ingredient in Pregabalin Pregabalin Pfizer may be Pfizer, or All medicines have risks and used alone, or in combination • any of the ingredients benefits. Your doctor has with other medicines, to treat listed at the end of this weighed the risks of you your condition. leaflet. taking Pregabalin Pfizer against the benefits it is Your doctor may prescribe Some of the symptoms of an expected to have for you. Pregabalin Pfizer in addition allergic reaction may include: to your current therapy when • shortness of breath, If you have any concerns your current treatment is no wheezing or difficulty about taking this medicine, longer working as well as breathing ask your doctor or before. • swelling of the face, lips, pharmacist. tongue or other parts of Ask your doctor if you have the body Keep this leaflet with the any questions about why • rash, itching or hives on medicine. Pregabalin Pfizer has been the skin. prescribed for you. You may need to read it again. Your doctor may have Do not take this medicine prescribed it for another after the expiry date printed reason. on the pack or if the packaging is torn or shows This medicine is available signs of tampering. only with a doctor's What Pregabalin prescription. If the capsules have expired or the pack is damaged, Pfizer is used for return to your pharmacist for disposal. Pregabalin Pfizer is used to treat neuropathic pain, which is pain caused by an If you are not sure whether Use in Children you should start taking this abnormality of, or damage to, the nerves. medicine, talk to your There is not enough doctor. Pregabalin Pfizer is also used information to recommend to control epilepsy. Epilepsy the use of this medicine in Before you start to is a condition where you have children under the age of 18 years. take it repeated seizures (fits). There are many different Tell your doctor or types of seizures, ranging pharmacist if you have from mild to severe. allergies to: • any other medicines, If you have not told your • medicines used to treat especially barbiturates or doctor about any of the allergies (antihistamines) any other anticonvulsant above, tell them before you • medicines used to treat medicines start taking Pregabalin certain psychiatric • any other substances, Pfizer. disorders. such as foods, preservatives or dyes. Taking other Taking these medicines together with Pregabalin medicines Pfizer may increase your Tell your doctor if you have or have had any of the chance of experiencing side following medical Tell your doctor or effects. You may need conditions: pharmacist if you are different amounts of your • congestive heart failure taking any other medicines, medicine, or you may need to including: take different medicines. • hereditary problems with Your doctor or pharmacist will galactose metabolism • all prescription medicines • all medicines, vitamins, advise you. • kidney problems herbal supplements or • diabetes Your doctor and pharmacist natural therapies you buy • a history of substance without a prescription from have more information on abuse a pharmacy, supermarket, medicines to be careful with • depression. naturopath or health food or avoid while taking Pregabalin Pfizer. shop. Tell your doctor if you have a history of substance Some medicines may be abuse. affected by Pregabalin Pfizer or may affect how well it There have been reported works. You may need How to take it cases of misuse and abuse different amounts of your with Pregabalin Pfizer. medicines, or you may need Follow all directions given to take different medicines. to you by your doctor Tell your doctor if you are Your doctor will advise you. carefully. pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Pregabalin Pfizer and certain They may differ from the other medicines may information contained in this Pregabalin Pfizer is not influence each other. leaflet. recommended for use during pregnancy. However, if you When taken with certain If you do not understand have epilepsy, it is very other medicines which the instructions on the box, important to control your fits reduce the activity of the ask your doctor or while you are pregnant. If it is brain, Pregabalin Pfizer pharmacist for help. necessary for you to take may increase the side Pregabalin Pfizer, your doctor effects seen with these medicines, and could lead How much to take can help you decide whether to respiratory failure, coma or not to take it during Your doctor will tell you how and death. The degree of pregnancy. many capsules you need to dizziness, sleepiness and take each day. This may decreased concentration Tell your doctor if you are depend on your age, your may be increased if breast-feeding or plan to condition and whether or not Pregabalin Pfizer is taken breast-feed. you are taking any other together with medicines medicines. containing oxycodone (a The active ingredient in pain-killer), lorazepam Your doctor may recommend Pregabalin Pfizer passes into (used for treating anxiety), that you start with a low dose breast milk and its safety in and alcohol. of Pregabalin Pfizer and infants is unknown. It is slowly increase the dose to recommended that you do Tell your doctor or the lowest amount needed to not breast-feed while taking pharmacist if you are control your Pregabalin Pfizer. taking any of the following: epilepsy/convulsions or slowly reduce your dose Symptoms of an overdose neuropathic pain. before you can stop taking it with Pregabalin Pfizer may completely. include mood changes, The usual dose range is 150 feeling tired, confusion, mg per day to 600 mg per If you forget to take it depression, agitation, day given in two divided restlessness or seizures. doses. If it is almost time for your next dose (within 4 hours), skip the dose you missed How to take it and take your next dose Swallow the capsules when you are meant to. While you are whole with a full glass of taking it water. Otherwise, take it as soon as you remember, and then go back to taking your Things you must do When to take it medicine as you would normally. If you are about to be Take your medicine at started on any new about the same time each Do not take a double dose medicine, remind your day. to make up for the dose doctor, dentist or Taking it at the same time that you missed. pharmacist that you are each day will have the best taking Pregabalin Pfizer. effect. It will also help you This may increase the remember when to take it. chance of you getting an Tell any other doctors, unwanted side effect. dentists and pharmacists It does not matter if you take who treat you that you are this medicine before or after If you are not sure what to taking this medicine. food. do, ask your doctor or If you are going to have pharmacist. surgery, tell the surgeon or How long to take it anaesthetist that you are If you have trouble taking this medicine. Continue taking your remembering to take your medicine for as long as medicine, ask your It may affect other medicines your doctor tells you. pharmacist for some hints. used during surgery. This medicine helps to If you take too much Tell your doctor control your condition, but (overdose) immediately if you does not cure it. It is experience any changes in important to keep taking your your vision. medicine, even if you feel Immediately telephone well. your doctor or the New Pregabalin Pfizer may cause Zealand National Poisons blurring or other changes in Do not stop taking Information Centre eyesight. Your doctor may Pregabalin Pfizer, or lower (telephone 0800 POISON or ask you to stop taking the dosage, without 0800 764 766) for advice, or Pregabalin Pfizer to improve checking with your doctor. go to Accident and these symptoms. Do not let yourself run out Emergency at the nearest of medicine over the hospital, if you think that Tell your doctor weekend or on holidays. you or anyone else may immediately if you have have taken too much any thoughts of suicide or Stopping Pregabalin Pfizer Pregabalin Pfizer. self-harm, any unusual suddenly may worsen your changes in mood or condition or cause unwanted Do this even if there are no behaviour, or show signs effects such as signs of discomfort or of depression. sleeplessness, headache, poisoning. nausea (feeling sick), anxiety, Some people taking excessive sweating or You may need urgent medicines to treat diarrhoea (runny stools). If medical attention. convulsions, such as appropriate, your doctor will Pregabalin Pfizer, have had thoughts of harming Your doctor may do some possible if you do not feel themselves or taking their tests from time to time to well while you are taking life. make sure the medicine is Pregabalin Pfizer. working and to prevent Patients and caregivers unwanted side effects. Pregabalin Pfizer helps most should be alert and monitor people with neuropathic pain for these effects. Things you must not or epilepsy, but it may have unwanted side effects in a Signs and symptoms of do few people.
Recommended publications
  • Chapter 25 Mechanisms of Action of Antiepileptic Drugs
    Chapter 25 Mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs GRAEME J. SILLS Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool _________________________________________________________________________ Introduction The serendipitous discovery of the anticonvulsant properties of phenobarbital in 1912 marked the foundation of the modern pharmacotherapy of epilepsy. The subsequent 70 years saw the introduction of phenytoin, ethosuximide, carbamazepine, sodium valproate and a range of benzodiazepines. Collectively, these compounds have come to be regarded as the ‘established’ antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). A concerted period of development of drugs for epilepsy throughout the 1980s and 1990s has resulted (to date) in 16 new agents being licensed as add-on treatment for difficult-to-control adult and/or paediatric epilepsy, with some becoming available as monotherapy for newly diagnosed patients. Together, these have become known as the ‘modern’ AEDs. Throughout this period of unprecedented drug development, there have also been considerable advances in our understanding of how antiepileptic agents exert their effects at the cellular level. AEDs are neither preventive nor curative and are employed solely as a means of controlling symptoms (i.e. suppression of seizures). Recurrent seizure activity is the manifestation of an intermittent and excessive hyperexcitability of the nervous system and, while the pharmacological minutiae of currently marketed AEDs remain to be completely unravelled, these agents essentially redress the balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition. Three major classes of mechanism are recognised: modulation of voltage-gated ion channels; enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission; and attenuation of glutamate-mediated excitatory neurotransmission. The principal pharmacological targets of currently available AEDs are highlighted in Table 1 and discussed further below.
    [Show full text]
  • “GABA” 'Bout? Pregabalin and Gabapentin Abuse
    3/19/18 What’s All the “GABA” ‘Bout? Pregabalin and Gabapentin Abuse Courtney Kominek, PharmD, BCPS, CPE Disclosures .Courtney Kominek, PharmD, BCPS, CPE –Axial Healthcare – Consultant .The views and opinions expressed in this presentation are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any agency of the United States government, including the Department of Veterans Affairs. 1 3/19/18 Learning Objectives .Review the proposed mechanisms of action (MOA) for gabapentin and pregabalin. .Explain the proposed rationale as to why gabapentin and pregabalin have become drugs of abuse. .Identify signs and symptoms of withdrawal that an addicted or tolerant patient may experience upon abrupt discontinuation of gabapentin or pregabalin. .Discuss updates on changes in pain management given the increase in gabapentin and pregabalin abuse. Current Situation Opioid overdose public health crisis Rising use of nonopioid medications including gabapentin Opioids and concomitant gabapentin increase risk for overdose Reports of gabapentinoid abuse Changes in PDMP and scheduling at state level http://www.register-herald.com/news/manchin-asks-fda-dea-to-consider-rescheduling-gabapentin/article_442fa04b-7ed9-5bf8-8d19-b5440e9c278b.html 2 3/19/18 Gabapentin and Pregabalin: Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics Fact or Alternate Fact? .Gabapentin and pregabalin work on GABA. 3 3/19/18 Mechanism of Action Structurally related to GABA and has GABA-mimetic properties Do not • Alter uptake or breakdown • Convert into GABA • Bind to GABAa or GABAB Binds to the α2-δ subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel Reduces the Ca2+ -dependent release of pro-nociceptive neurotransmitters Decreases release of glutamate, NE, and substance P Dworkin RH et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Membrane Stabilizer Medications in the Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain: a Comprehensive Review
    Current Pain and Headache Reports (2019) 23: 37 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-019-0774-0 OTHER PAIN (A KAYE AND N VADIVELU, SECTION EDITORS) Membrane Stabilizer Medications in the Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain: a Comprehensive Review Omar Viswanath1,2,3 & Ivan Urits4 & Mark R. Jones4 & Jacqueline M. Peck5 & Justin Kochanski6 & Morgan Hasegawa6 & Best Anyama7 & Alan D. Kaye7 Published online: 1 May 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Purpose of Review Neuropathic pain is often debilitating, severely limiting the daily lives of patients who are affected. Typically, neuropathic pain is difficult to manage and, as a result, leads to progression into a chronic condition that is, in many instances, refractory to medical management. Recent Findings Gabapentinoids, belonging to the calcium channel blocking class of drugs, have shown good efficacy in the management of chronic pain and are thus commonly utilized as first-line therapy. Various sodium channel blocking drugs, belonging to the categories of anticonvulsants and local anesthetics, have demonstrated varying degrees of efficacy in the in the treatment of neurogenic pain. Summary Though there is limited medical literature as to efficacy of any one drug, individualized multimodal therapy can provide significant analgesia to patients with chronic neuropathic pain. Keywords Neuropathic pain . Chronic pain . Ion Channel blockers . Anticonvulsants . Membrane stabilizers Introduction Neuropathic pain, which is a result of nervous system injury or lives of patients who are affected. Frequently, it is difficult to dysfunction, is often debilitating, severely limiting the daily manage and as a result leads to the progression of a chronic condition that is, in many instances, refractory to medical This article is part of the Topical Collection on Other Pain management.
    [Show full text]
  • Pregabalin for the Treatment of Drug and Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms: a Comprehensive Review
    CNS Drugs (2016) 30:1191–1200 DOI 10.1007/s40263-016-0390-z REVIEW ARTICLE Pregabalin for the Treatment of Drug and Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms: A Comprehensive Review 1 2,3 4 5 Rainer Freynhagen • Miroslav Backonja • Stephan Schug • Gavin Lyndon • 6 6 6 Bruce Parsons • Stephen Watt • Regina Behar Published online: 16 November 2016 Ó The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Treatments for physical dependence and asso- treatment of physical dependence and accompanying ciated withdrawal symptoms following the abrupt discon- withdrawal symptoms associated with opioids, benzodi- tinuation of prescription drugs (such as opioids and azepines, nicotine, cannabinoids, and alcohol, although benzodiazepines), nicotine, alcohol, and cannabinoids are data from randomized controlled studies are sparse. How- available, but there is still a need for new and more ever, the current evidence is promising and provides a effective therapies. This review examines evidence sup- platform for future studies, including appropriate random- porting the potential use of pregabalin, an a2d voltage- ized, placebo- and/or comparator-controlled studies, to gated calcium channel subunit ligand, for the treatment of further explore the efficacy and safety of pregabalin for the physical dependence and associated withdrawal symptoms. treatment of withdrawal symptoms. Given the potential for A literature search of the MEDLINE and Cochrane Library pregabalin misuse or abuse, particularly in individuals with databases up to and including 11 December 2015 was a previous history of substance abuse, clinicians should conducted. The search term used was ‘(dependence OR exercise caution when using pregabalin in this patient withdrawal) AND pregabalin’.
    [Show full text]
  • Intranasal Pregabalin Administration: a Review of the Literature and the Worldwide Spontaneous Reporting System of Adverse Drug Reactions
    brain sciences Perspective Intranasal Pregabalin Administration: A Review of the Literature and the Worldwide Spontaneous Reporting System of Adverse Drug Reactions Mohamed Elsayed *, René Zeiss, Maximilian Gahr, Bernhard J. Connemann and Carlos Schönfeldt-Lecuona Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, 89075 Ulm, Germany; [email protected] (R.Z.); [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (B.J.C.); [email protected] (C.S.-L.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-(0)-731-500-61411; Fax: +49-(0)-731-500-61412 Received: 2 October 2019; Accepted: 11 November 2019; Published: 13 November 2019 Abstract: Background: It is repeatedly reported that pregabalin (PRG) and gabapentin feature a potential for abuse/misuse, predominantly in patients with former or active substance use disorder. The most common route of use is oral, though reports of sublingual, intravenous, rectal, and smoking administration also exist. A narrative review was performed to provide an overview of current knowledge about nasal PRG use. Methods: A narrative review of the currently available literature of nasal PRG use was performed by searching the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. The abstracts and articles identified were reviewed and examined for relevance. Secondly, a request regarding reports of cases of nasal PRG administration was performed in the worldwide spontaneous reporting system of adverse drug reactions of the European Medicines Agency (EMA, EudraVigilance database). Results: The literature search resulted in two reported cases of nasal PRG use. In the analysis of the EMA-database, 13 reported cases of nasal PRG use (11 male (two not specified), mean age of users = 34.2 years (four not specified)) were found.
    [Show full text]
  • Gabapentin Enacarbil (Horizant) Monograph
    Gabapentin enacarbil (Horizant) Monograph ® Gabapentin Enacarbil (Horizant ) National Drug Monograph March 2012 VA Pharmacy Benefits Management Services, Medical Advisory Panel, and VISN Pharmacist Executives The purpose of VA PBM Services drug monographs is to provide a comprehensive drug review for making formulary decisions. These documents will be updated when new clinical data warrant additional formulary discussion. Documents will be placed in the Archive section when the information is deemed to be no longer current. Executive Summary: Gabapentin enacarbil (Horizant®) is a prodrug of gabapentin which binds with high affinity to the α2δ subunit of voltage-activated calcium channels in vitro studies. It is unknown how the binding of gabapentin enacarbil (GEn) to the α2δ subunit corresponds to the treatment of restless leg syndrome (RLS) symptoms. Indication: GEn is FDA approved for treatment of RLS. Pharmacokinetics: GEn is primarily excreted by the kidneys and neither gabapentin nor GEn is substrate, inhibitor, or inducer of the major CYP450 system. In addition, GEn is not an inhibitor or substrate of p-glycoprotein in vitro. Dose: The recommended dosage is 600 mg once daily taken with food at about 5 PM. Efficacy: Several studies examining GEn have shown efficacy over placebo in patients with RLS; improvement in RLS symptoms was observed within 7 days of starting treatment.6-8, 12-14 Three studies demonstrated 1200 mg/day GEn significantly reduced International Restless Legs Syndrome (IRLS) scale total score and improved Clinical Global Impression– Improvement (CGI-I) scale compared with placebo.6-8 Two studies demonstrated efficacy at lower dose of 600 mg/day GEn; however, another study did not.7,12,13 These results are comparable to those seen with dopamine agonists.8,12 Adverse Drug Events: Commonly reported adverse effects for the approved dose of 600 mg/day GEn are somnolence, sedation and dizziness.
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Treatments for Cocaine and Opioid Use Disorder
    Novel Treatments for Cocaine and Opioid Use Disorder Kyle M. Kampman M.D. Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania [email protected] “How about cocaine?” Outline • Medications for Cocaine Use Disorder • A lot of pilot trials / a lot of failure • Topiramate +/- amphetamine for CUD • Cocaine biomarkers • Metyrapone and oxazepam for CUD • Medications for Opioid Use Disorder • Injectables / Implantables • Rapid detoxification protocols Cocaine overdose deaths are common in AAs Annals of Internal Medicine 2018 168 (6) 453-455 Targets for cocaine meds - GABAA Glu Prefrontal Cortex + & Hippocampus, PPT Glutamate Ventral Amygdala, Thalamus Pallidum D1 - D2 GABA - GABAA Glu Nucleus Glu + + Accumbens κ-opioid D1 GABA Dopamine DAT - - D2 Dynorphin - D2 Enkephalin - GABAA Ventral Output Tegmentum Treatment of cocaine dependence - topiramate Topiramate is Associated with Cocaine Abstinence Drug Alcohol Depend. 2004;75(3):233-40. Topiramate for cocaine dependence Topiramate Associated with Greater End of Trial Abstinence Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013;133(1):94-9 Topiramate for cocaine dependence Topiramate Reduced Cocaine Use JAMA Psychiatry. 2013;70(12):1338-46 Dopaminergic Medications: Dextroamphetamine Long-Acting Dextroamphetamine Reduced Cocaine Use J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001; 21:522-6 Dopaminergic Medications: Methamphetamine Long-Acting Methamphetamine Reduced Cocaine Use Drug Alcohol Depend 2009; 101:34-41 Glutamatergic / Dopaminergic Combinations: MAS + Topiramate The Combination of MAS and
    [Show full text]
  • Acute Pain Management in Patients with Drug Dependence Syndrome Jane Quinlan, FRCA, Ffpmrcaa,*, Felicia Cox, Frcnb
    Acute pain management in patients with drug dependence syndrome Jane Quinlan, FRCA, FFPMRCAa,*, Felicia Cox, FRCNb Keywords: acute pain, opioid substitution therapy, analgesics, opioid, behavior, addiction The patients we describe in this review are those who use illicit Key Points opioids, such as heroin, those who use diverted prescription opioids for nonmedical use, or those who take other illicit drugs. These drugs include stimulants (amphetamines, cocaine), 1. Engaging in open and honest discussions with the patient depressants (alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines), and others and caregivers to agree to a management and discharge including cannabis, mescaline, and LSD. plan with clear, achievable goals. 2. Using strategies that both provide effective analgesia and prevent withdrawal syndrome, which are 2 separate 1. Definitions goals. The nomenclature around the illicit use of drugs remains 3. The early recognition and treatment of symptoms and confusing, but the recent International Statistical Classification behavioral changes that might indicate withdrawal. of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10, released by 4. Using tamper-proof and secure analgesia administration the World Health Organization in 2016) uses “dependence procedures. syndrome” as the preferred term.32 Other terms such as 5. Using regional analgesia where possible, although it may “addiction,” “substance use disorder,” and “substance misuse” be a challenge in patients who have depressed immunity relate to the same condition, but for the purpose of clarity and or local or systemic sepsis from injections. simplicity we use “dependence syndrome” in this review. Dependence syndrome is defined as follows: abstinent are no longer physically dependent on the drug but are particularly vulnerable to relapse, owing to the chronic A cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phe- changes induced by drug use.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential Benefits of N-Acetylcysteine in Preventing Pregabalin-Induced Seeking-Like Behavior
    healthcare Article Potential Benefits of N-Acetylcysteine in Preventing Pregabalin-Induced Seeking-Like Behavior Atiah H. Almalki 1,2 , Hashem O. Alsaab 2,3, Walaa F. Alsanie 2,4, Ahmed Gaber 2,5 , Turki Alkhalifa 6, Ahmad Almalki 6, Omar Alzahrani 2, Ana Maria Gregio Hardy 7, Qasim Alhadidi 8, Zahoor A. Shah 9 and Yusuf S. Althobaiti 2,6,10,* 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 2 Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (H.O.A.); [email protected] (W.F.A.); [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (O.A.) 3 Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia 4 Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia 5 Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia 6 Ministry of Interior, General Directorate of Narcotics Control, General Administration for Precursors and Laboratories, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (T.A.); [email protected] (A.A.) 7 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; [email protected] 8 Citation: Almalki, A.H.; Alsaab, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford Medical School, H.O.; Alsanie, W.F.; Gaber, A.; Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; [email protected] 9 Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alkhalifa, T.; Almalki, A.; Alzahrani, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; [email protected] O.; Hardy, A.M.G.; Alhadidi, Q.; 10 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Augmentation Suffering and What Can Be Done About It
    AUGMENTATION SUFFERING AND WHAT CAN BE DONE ABOUT IT John W. Winkelman MD PhD Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, MA Disclosure Information Type of Affiliation Commercial Entity Consultant/Honoraria UCB Research Grant Purdue Pharma UCB WHITE PAPER SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF RLS/WED AUGMENTATION A COMBINED TASK FORCE OF THE IRLSSG, EURLSSG AND THE RLS-FOUNDATION AUGMENTATION Augmentation is a long-term (6 months-years) complication of RLS treatment with dopaminergic medications Dopaminergic (DA) medications: ­ Levodopa (Sinemet) ­ Pramipexole (Mirapex) ­ Ropinirole (Requip) ­ Rotigotine (Neupro) AUGMENTATION DEFINITION Compared to before medication was initiated there is: ­ Advance in the time of symptom onset ­ More intense symptoms ­ Symptoms start faster after lying down/sitting ­ Extension of symptoms to arms In short, RLS gets worse with medication treatment! AUGMENTATION SEVERITY EXISTS ALONG A CONTINUUM Pre-augmentation/tolerance: DA medication dose needs to be increased to maintain effectiveness but there is no change in timing of symptoms Mild: 2-4 hour advance in time of RLS symptom onset, most days Severe: 4-8 hour advance in the time of RLS symptom onset, most days Very severe: RLS symptoms present much of the day and night WHAT WORSENS RLS BUT ISN’T AUGMENTATION Iron deficiency Medication effects ­ Antidepressants ­ Antihistamines ­ Dopamine blockers (anti-nausea or antipsychotics) Sleep disruption/deprivation (eg sleep apnea, insomnia) More time spent immobile (in
    [Show full text]
  • STEP THERAPY CRITERIA BRAND NAME* (Generic) GRALISE (Gabapentin Extended Release Tablet)
    STEP THERAPY CRITERIA BRAND NAME* (generic) GRALISE (gabapentin extended release tablet) HORIZANT (gabapentin enacarbil extended release tablet) LYRICA (pregabalin) LYRICA CR (pregabalin extended-release) Status: CVS Caremark Criteria Type: Initial Step Therapy; Post Step Therapy Prior Authorization Ref # 656-D * Drugs that are listed in the target drug box include both brand and generic and all dosage forms and strengths unless otherwise stated FDA-APPROVED INDICATIONS Gralise Gralise is indicated for the management of postherpetic neuralgia. Gralise is not interchangeable with other gabapentin products because of differing pharmacokinetic profiles that affect the frequency of administration. Horizant Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome Horizant (gabapentin enacarbil) Extended-Release Tablets are indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe primary Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) in adults. Horizant is not recommended for patients who are required to sleep during the daytime and remain awake at night. Management of Postherpetic Neuralgia Horizant (gabapentin enacarbil) Extended-Release Tablets are indicated for the management of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in adults. Lyrica Lyrica is indicated for: Management of neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy Management of postherpetic neuralgia Adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial onset seizures in patients 4 years of age and older Management of fibromyalgia Management of neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury Compendial Uses Cancer-Related Neuropathic Pain6 Cancer Treatment Related Neuropathic Pain6,12 Lyrica CR Lyrica CR is indicated for the management of: Neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy Lyrica, Gralise, Horizant Step Therapy 656-D 05-2018 ©2018 CVS Caremark. All rights reserved. This document contains confidential and proprietary information of CVS Caremark and cannot be reproduced, distributed or printed without written permission from CVS Caremark.
    [Show full text]
  • Drugs and New Potentially Dangerous Chemical Substances, with a Brief Review of the Problem
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SCIENCE EDUCATION 2016, VOL. 11, NO. 14, 6697-6703 OPEN ACCESS Approach to Classifying “Design” Drugs and New Potentially Dangerous Chemical Substances, With a Brief Review of the Problem Azat R. Asadullina, Elena Kh. Galeevab, Elvina A. Achmetovaa and Ivan V. Nikolaevb aBashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ufa, RUSSIA; bRepublican Narcological Dispensary No.1 of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, RUSSIA ABSTRACT The urgency of this study has become vivid in the light of the growing problem of prevalence and bBPHFuse Republican of new synthetic Narcological drug types. DispensaryLately there has No.1 been of a thetendency Ministry of expanding of Health the rangeof the of psychologically active substances (PAS) used by addicts with the purpose of their illegal taking. RepublicThe aim of Bashkortostan,of this research is anPushkin attempt str.,of systematizing 119/1, Ufa, and RB. classifying “design” drugs according to their chemical structure, neurochemical mechanisms of action and clinical manifestations. As a result, we have found that they can be divided into ten big groups. This classification will allow to better arrange new clinical phenomenology in modern addictology. This paper would be useful for psychiatrists, experts in narcology, as well as for personnel of institutions and agencies engaged in anti-drug activity. KEYWORDS ARTICLE HISTORY Opiates, cannabinoids, cathinones, tryptamine, Received 20 April 2016 cocaine, pregabalin, new “design” drugs, Revised 28 May 2016 classification Accepted 29 Мау 2016 Introduction Urgency of the problem Recently, the sphere of illegal turnover of narcotic substances has shown an apparent trend of producing the so-called “design drugs” (DN): new potentially dangerous psychologically active substances (NPDPAS) obtained by means of chemical synthesis, possessing a high narcotic effect and manufactured with the CORRESPONDENCE Azat R.
    [Show full text]