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Download Abstract Booklet Session 4 Abstract Volume 14th Swiss Geoscience Meeting Geneva, 18th – 19th November 2016 4. Palaeontology 126 4. Palaeontology Christian Klug, Torsten Scheyer, Lionel Cavin Schweizerische Paläontologische Gesellschaft, Kommission des Schweizerischen Paläontologischen Abhandlungen (KSPA) Symposium 4: Palaeontology TALKS: 4.1 Anquetin Jérémy, Tong H., Claude J.: The neck of the Late Jurassic Platychelys oberndorferi and the origin of neck retraction mechanisms in turtles 4.2 Antcliffe Jonathan B.: The Ecology of the Ediacaran Biota 4.3 Baumgartner Peter O., Dumitrica P., Kukoc D., Andjic G.: Revision of some Late Cretaceous multicyrtid Nassellaria, a contribution to the biostratigraphy the Caribbean Large Igneous Province 4.4 Belvedere Matteo, Marty D., Stevens K., Ernst S., Razzolini N.L., Paratte G., Cattin M., Lovis C., Meyer C.A.: Minute sauropod tracks from the Late Jurassic of Canton Jura: babies or dwarfs? Morphological and behavioural evidences 4.5 Brosse Morgane, Baud A., Bucher H., Goudemand N., Nützel A., Ware D., Frisk Å., Hagdorn H.: Basal Triassic exotic blocks from Oman: The promised land, no raft of the Medusa 4.6 Carrillo Briceño Jorge D., Luz Z., Hendy A., Jaramillo C., Vennemann T.W., Kocsis L., Sánchez-Villagra M.R.: Colombian fossil elasmobranchs from the “last days” of the Central America Seaway and their environmental significance 4.7 Carrillo Juan D.: Endemic South American mammals from the Neotropics: phylogeny, diversity, and implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange 4.8 Costeur Loic, Mennecart B.: The ear before birth: morphology, ossification timing, and allometry 4.9 Daley Allison C.: The ecology and evolution of the anomalocaridids 4.10 Drage Harriet B., Holmes J.D., García-Bellido D.C., Daley A.C.: Detailed trilobite moulting behaviour preserved in the Emu Bay Shale, South Australia 4.11 Etter Walter: Palaeoecology of the Lower Jurassic Schambelen member of northern Switzerland 4.12 Ferrante Christophe, Vennemann T., Cavin L., Martini R.: Histology and geochemical study of bones of an Allosaurus (Dinosauria: Theropoda) 4.13 Foth Christian, Joyce W.G.: Skull shape variation in recent and fossil turtles through time and its relation to climate, habitat and feeding ecology 4.14 Frey Linda, Coates M., Ginter M., Klug C.: The first skeletal remains of Phoebodus politus Newberry 1889 (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) and its ecology 4.15 Jattiot Romain, Bucher H., Brayard A., Brosse M., Jenks J., Bylund K.G.: A new key Smithian (Early Triassic) quantitative ammonoid biochronology from the western USA basin 4.16 Klug Christian, Frey L., Korn D., Jattiot R., Rücklin M.: No fossil record? Yes fossil record! Konservat- Lagerstätten of the End-Devonian Hangenberg Black Shale in the eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco) 4.17 Martini Pietro, Geraads D., Le Tensorer J.-M., Costeur L.: Cranial morphology of Recent and Pleistocene camels Swiss Geoscience Meeting 2016 Platform Geosciences, Swiss Academy of Science, SCNAT 127 Symposium 4: Palaeontology 4.18 Mennecart Bastien, Costeur L.: How does bony labyrinth morphology help resolve the phylogeny and diversification timing of deer? 4.19 Pates Stephen, Daley A.C.: The taxonomy and ecology of Caryosyntrips, a radiodontan from the Cambrian of Canada, Spain and the USA 4.20 Vasilyan Davit: Herpetofauna of the early MP 16, Bartonian, Middle Eocene of Switzerland POSTERS: P 4.1 Burek I., Comment G., Anquetin J.: A paleontological field school organized in Canton Jura P 4.2 Becker D., Tissier J., Costeur L., Antoine P.-O.: Mid-Oligocene Rhinocerotidae from Bumbach (Switzerland) P 4.3 Bischof E.A.: Insights into the Cidarid Echinoids from the Middle Oxfordian St. Ursanne Formation of the Swiss Jura Mountains P 4.4 Boivin S., Lathuilière B., Durlet C., Lazar I., Martindale R., El Khmidi K., Martini R.: Hettangian-Sinemurian coral association of Amellago area (High Atlas, Morocco): first approach. P 4.5 Burek, I.: Comparative cranial morphology of Desmatochelys lowii and modern marine turtles P 4.6 Chacko M.R., Carrillo-Briceño J.D.: A marine bony fish assemblage (Teleostei) from the early Miocene of the Southern Caribbean (Cocinetas Basin, Guajira Peninsula) P 4.7 Bapst L., Costeur L., Becker D.: Tooth mesowear highlights perissodactyl diets and environments in the Palaeocene of Europe P 4.8 Mennecart B., Jouve S., Douteau J., Jalil N.-E.: The oldest durophagous Thalattosuchian (Crocodylomorpha, Machimosaurini) from the lower Bathonian of Central High Atlas, Morocco P 4.9 Peyrotty G., Peybernes C., Onoue T., Ueda H., Martini R.: Upper Triassic limestones from central and SW Hokkaido, Japan: a new insight on the Panthalassa Ocean P 4.10 Scherz K.: An assessment of the phylogeny of cats (Felidae), including Smilodon gracilis, using the morphology of the petrosal bone P 4.11 Scheyer T.M., Neenan J.M., Bodogan T., Furrer H., Plamondon, M.: A new, exceptionally preserved juvenile reptilian fossil (Diapsida) from the Middle Triassic of Ducan, Canton Grisons, Switzerland P 4.12 Tissier J., Becker D., Codrea V., Costeur L., Fărcaş C., Solomon A., Venczel M., Maridet O.: New material of amynodontids (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Romania P 4.13 Hoffmann R., Weinkauf M.F.G., Fuchs D.: Grasping the shape of belemnoid arm hooks – a quantitative approach Swiss Geoscience Meeting 2016 Platform Geosciences, Swiss Academy of Science, SCNAT 128 4.1 The neck of the Late Jurassic Platychelys oberndorferi and the origin of neck retraction mechanisms in turtles Jérémy Anquetin1,2, Haiyan Tong3 & Julien Claude4 1 JURASSICA Museum, Route de Fontenais 21, CH-2900 Porrentruy ([email protected]) 2 Symposium 4: Palaeontology Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 6, CH-1700 Fribourg 3 Palaeontological Research and Education Centre, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand 4 Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS, Montpellier, France Modern turtles are divided into two main clades, which find their origin as early as the Middle Jurassic. These two groups have independently developed complex double-bend neck retraction mechanisms. Pleurodires (side-necked turtles) fold the neck sideways and tuck the head under the anterior margin of the carapace. Cryptodires (hidden-necked turtles) withdraw the neck and head in the vertical plane between the shoulder girdles. Since each neck retraction mechanism offers some measure of protection for the neck and head in extant turtles, it is usually assumed that these mechanisms evolved mainly for protective reasons. Here, we describe the neck of Platychelys oberndorferi, a Late Jurassic stem pleurodire from Germany and Switzerland, and find major morphological similarities with modern cryptodires in the posterior part of the neck. A biomechanical analysis reveals that this taxon was able to withdraw the neck in the vertical plane, but that this retraction was incomplete. The head and anterior part of the neck cannot be withdrawn within the shell, which undermines the potential protective value of neck retraction in this taxon. Platychelys oberndorferi is a peculiar turtle that shows remarkable morphological convergences with the modern matamata (Chelus fimbriata) and the snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina and Macrochelys temminckii). This strongly suggest that Platychelys was an ambush predator practising ram and/or suction feeding. We therefore suggest that vertical neck retraction primarily evolved in this taxon to enable fast forward projection of the head and improve capture of darting prey. The functional origin of neck retraction mechanisms in turtles has never been fully explored. The apparition of the complex double-bend mechanisms of pleurodires and cryptodires for purely protective reasons is relatively unlikely. The horizontal folding of pleurodires actually offers little more protection that the lateral head tuck of stem turtles, whereas in cryptodires the protection is only effective when the retraction is complete, which necessitates substantial morphological changes from the ancestral cervical morphotype. The case of Platychelys offers a likely explanation to the origin of complex neck retraction mechanism in turtles, especially for cryptodires. Neck retraction could have evolved gradually as a way to enable fast forward thrust of the head during prey capture in the water. Partial neck retraction would already provide an advantage, as demonstrated by the very specialized ecological niche occupied by Platychelys. Once a primary mechanism of neck retraction was in place, it would be easier to obtain complete head withdrawal for protection via natural selection. We therefore suggest that vertical neck retraction in cryptodires may have evolved primarily in order to enable fast forward projection of the head during underwater feeding, and that protection of the head by complete withdrawal within the shell is actually an exaptation. Swiss Geoscience Meeting 2016 Platform Geosciences, Swiss Academy of Science, SCNAT 129 4.2 The Ecology of the Ediacaran Biota Jonathan B. Antcliffe1 1 Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, University of Lausanne, UNIL – Sorge Géopolis - 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Ediacaran macrofossils immediately precede the first animal ecosystems of the Cambrian Period and have excited much Symposium 4: Palaeontology attention for potentially containing ancestors of the modern animal phyla. Ediacaran fossil surfaces have been variously interpreted as vertically tiered census populations comparable to animal ecosystems, or as osmotrophic ecosystems
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