Portuguese Theatres and Concert Halls Acoustics
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Engineer & Arquitecture La Salle Arquitectural and Environmental Acoustics Master Portuguese Theatres and Concert Halls Acoustics Music and Acoustics Francisco Santiago Barcelona, 15th March of 2007 Engineer & Arquitecture La Salle Arquitectural and Environmental Acoustics Master Portuguese Theatres and Concert Halls Acoustics Music and Acoustics Coordenation (Spain): Higini Arau Supervisor (Portugal): Octávio Inácio Supervisor (Spain): Ivana Russel Francisco Santiago Barcelona, 15th March of 2007 Portuguese Theatres and Concert Halls Acoustics 1 Índex Introdution ............................................................................................................... 4 1. Concert Hall Acoustics ........................................................................................ 8 1.1.Quality Subjective Acoustics Factors........................................................... 11 1.2. Quality Objective Acoustics Factors ........................................................... 13 1.3. Acoustical Designs: Concert , Opera, Theatres and Speech...................... 20 1.4. The Merit Factor (MF)................................................................................. 24 2. Acoustic Hall Elements...................................................................................... 28 2.1. Acoustic Seating Area................................................................................. 28 2.2. Chair Absorption ......................................................................................... 29 2.3. Balconies .................................................................................................... 30 2.4. Orchestra Pit............................................................................................... 33 3. Portuguese Theatres History............................................................................. 34 4. XVIIIth Century Theatres.................................................................................... 37 4.1. S. Carlos National Theatre.......................................................................... 37 4.2. São João National Theatre ......................................................................... 41 5. XIXth Century Theatres...................................................................................... 45 5.1. D. Maria II National Theatre........................................................................ 45 5.2. Garcia Resende Theatre............................................................................. 49 5.3. Sá de Miranda Municipal Theatre ............................................................... 53 5.4. São Luiz Municipal Theatre ........................................................................ 57 5.5. Trindade Theatre ........................................................................................ 61 5.6. Viriato Theatre ............................................................................................ 65 6. XXth Century Theatres....................................................................................... 70 6.1. Aveirense Theatre ...................................................................................... 70 6.3. Camões Theatre ......................................................................................... 79 6.4. Carlos Alberto Theatre................................................................................ 84 6.5. Faro Municipal Theatre............................................................................... 88 6.6. Gil Vicente Academic Theatre .................................................................... 93 6.7. Guarda Municipal Theatre .......................................................................... 97 Portuguese Theatres and Concert Halls Acoustics 2 6.8. Helena Sá e Costa Theatre ...................................................................... 101 6.9. Maria Matos Municipal Theatre................................................................. 105 6.10. Politeama Theatre .................................................................................. 109 6.11. Rivoli Municipal Theatre.......................................................................... 113 6.12. Vila Real Municipal Theatre .................................................................... 117 7. Concert Halls................................................................................................... 121 7.1. Aula Magna............................................................................................... 121 7.2. CCB .......................................................................................................... 125 7.3. CAE .......................................................................................................... 129 7.4. Casa da Música ........................................................................................ 133 7.5. CNEMA – Exposition National Centre....................................................... 137 7.6. Oporto Coliseum....................................................................................... 141 7.7. Recreios Coliseum.................................................................................... 146 7.8. Culturgest ................................................................................................. 150 7.9. Europarque ............................................................................................... 155 7.10. Gulbenkian.............................................................................................. 159 7.11. Olga Cadaval Cultural Centre ................................................................. 164 7.12. Vila Flor Cultural Centre.......................................................................... 169 8. Reveberation Time .......................................................................................... 174 9. Early Decay Time ............................................................................................ 176 10. Clarity (C80) .................................................................................................. 178 11. Definition (D50) ............................................................................................. 180 12. Other Data Evaluation ................................................................................... 182 Bibliography......................................................................................................... 191 Terminology and Definitions................................................................................ 193 Apendix ............................................................................................................... 194 Acoustic Equipment for measurements ........................................................... 194 Measurements Method – MLS......................................................................... 194 Portuguese Theatres and Concert Halls Acoustics 3 Introdution In the scope of the Tesis in the Architectural and Environmental Acoustics Master, of the Ramon Llull University - Engineer & Arquitectural La Salle, it was proposed the realization of a final work to develop a certain theme. Of the given proposal, I chose the theme about Architectural Acoustics, namely Portuguese Theatres and Concert Halls Acoustics. The work consists, mainly, in describing the characteristics of these Theatres and Concerts Hall, all placed in Portugal, geographicaly separated with a fair occupation tax during the open seasons. The first part of the paper is about the definitions of sound propagation in free field and in enclosure room, where properties like reflaction, difraction, absorption and difusion are describe. A brief description of Subjective and Objective Quality Acoustic Factors are given with their respectively mathematical equations, where its made a correlation between subjective definition with their physical characteristics that affects the defined acoustical parameters. One second part is about the relation that should exist between the type of Hall and optim values and the objective acoustic parameters measured. It is shown a supose Merit Factor for each parameter and for different purposes for each hall. After it is describe the process and the equipment of measurements. There is also presented some characteristics of hall elements that can influence the sound propagation and of course the qualitity of the hall acoustics, like as, the Acoustic Seating Area, Balconies, Chair Absorption and Orchestra Pits. Portuguese Theatres and Concert Halls Acoustics 4 Before describing the acoustics measurements and present each Concert Hall/Theatre characteristics, it is describe a short Portuguese Theatres History with the first Roman Theatre established in Lisbon dated of the Ist Century D.C.. The last part describes the Theatres and the Concert hall it self: it is presented a brief history of the room, an architectural Plant and Cut, some fotographs of the Hall and its technical data details as the volume, audience and stage superficies, height, length, width and number of seats, among others. In the final part of each Theatre and Concert Hall it is presented the results of the measurements where is shown th TR60, EDT, C80, D50, G and STI. To carry out this paper some research, that I consider necessary to this type of theme, had been done and is cited on the bibliography, namely from books of Acoustics and Architectural Acoustics, as well as in Internet sites. Books like BARRON,