Chapter 288. Dairy Industry
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130 Innovative Steam Injection for Milk Processing
Innovative Steam Injection for Milk Processing Ekta Mistry, J. P. Prajapati and Suneeta V. Pinto Department of Dairy Technology, SMC College of Dairy Science, AAU, Anand-388110. Email: [email protected] Ultra High Temperature (UHT) treatment uses high Studies reported on UHT processing have temperature for a short time to kill micro-organisms been concerned mostly with indirect heating in a food or beverage product. It is widely used in systems. This method of processing has been in the dairy industry where products can easily lose commercial use since 1949 (Burton, 1969). Use their nutritional value, flavour and appearance as of indirect heating system results in 75% to 90 % microorganisms multiply. These organisms thrive denaturation of whey proteins. In 1972, the United at certain temperatures but if they are not present States Public Health Service approved the use of in a product, it can be stored for many months UHT steam injection for pasteurization of milk without the need for refrigeration. This state is (Stroup et al., 1972). Lembke and Wegener (1968) known as ‘commercial sterility’. UHT processes indicated that UHT direct steam injection is less are designed to achieve commercial sterility. They destructive to the aqueous and lipid portions than use heat to treat the product, killing viable micro- indirect UHT heating techniques. This is mainly organisms. This aseptic processing also requires due to rapid heating (steam injection) and cooling equipment and packaging to be sterile, achieved (vacuum) of the product. However, direct steam Technical Articles Technical with chemical or other sterilisation treatments (de injection also results in 65-85% denaturation of Jong, 2008). -
Cooking up Better Ways to Heat This Ancient Universal in Food Processing Can Be Done Better, Faster, Cheaper
Special Report Cooking Up Better Ways to Heat This ancient universal in food processing can be done better, faster, cheaper Heating Methods for Ultra-High Temperature Pasteurization, p.3 Bring on the Heat! p.7 New Places to Look for Energy Savings, p.12 5102003_IcedTeaAd.final 12/12/02 4:22 PM Page 1 This iced-tea has a secret ingredient... A new hand cultivated black pekoe from the Himalayas? A mineral enriched spring water from the Alps? Coloring agent? No, no, and no. Incredibly, it’s the exact same bottled tea it’s been for years.The brand they ask for by name. Its secret? It now costs less to make. That’s right! Simply changing the process by which the tea is heated from the traditional batch method to in-line direct steam injection (DSI) saves time, energy and maintenance costs without sacrificing one delicious drop of quality...or changing ingredients. So now, when faced with the seemingly insurmount- able challenge of making the same product for less – from jellies to stews to baby foods to salsas – know that it can be done. Pick Sanitary DSI systems. Now you’re cooking for less. West Bend,WI 53095 800.233.9030 or 262.338.1191 E-mail: [email protected] www.pickheaters.com 2 Heating Methods for Ultra-High Temperature Pasteurization By Michael Campbell THE MOVE is on for ultra-high temperature • Foods with small particulates like baby food, (UHT) pasteurization, which will extend the soups, sauces, and stews. shelf life of milk and other dairy products. UHT • Soy based products in order to inactivate bacteria pasteurization is being used because consumers are and reduce off flavors. -
UHT Milk and Milk Products
Paper No. 7 Technology of Milk and Milk Products Module No. 4 UHT milk and milk products Introduction Aseptic processing and packaging (APP) is one of the two major commercial sterilization methods, also called ‘in-flow’ sterilization. The other commonly used method is ‘in-container’ sterilization, which generally refers to conventional canning processes. The term ‘commercial sterilization’ is defined as the absence of any microorganisms capable of reproducing in foods under non-refrigerated conditions of storage and distribution, instead of the absolute absence of every existing form of microbial life. The first aseptically processed milk in metal cans was developed in Denmark by Jonas Nielsen in 1913, almost 100 years after 1810, when Nicholas Appert discovered the canning process. Consumer-size aseptic packages were first developed in the 1960s in Europe for the milk industry by Tetra Pak. These days milk and some other food products are processed with UHT and aseptic processing in over 60 countries. The market share of UHT milk consumed varies considerably by country: Australia 9%, France 88%, Spain 83%, Germany 63%, Italy 55%, and the United Kingdom 5- 13%. Basis of UHT treatment Heat treatment in the production of long life products is called ‘sterilization’. In such processes, the treated product is exposed to such intense heat treatment that the relevant microorganisms and most of the enzymes are inactivated, and the processed product is given excellent keeping qualities and can be stored for several months under ambient conditions. UHT processing uses continuous flow of milk, which renders less chemical change in comparison to retort processing. -
Uht Processing and Aseptic Filling of Dairy Foods
UHT PROCESSING AND ASEPTIC FILLING OF DAIRY FOODS by DAVID L. SCOTT B.S., Kansas State University, 1994 A REPORT submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Food Science Graduate Program College of Agriculture KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2008 Approved by: Major Professor Dr. Karen Schmidt Copyright DAVID L. SCOTT 2008 Abstract The demand for ultra high temperature processed and aseptically packaged dairy foods is growing throughout the U.S. The technology provides value-added food preservation for many foods including flavored milks, puddings, custards, creams, ice-cream mixes, whey-based drinks, sports drinks, and yogurt. Ultra high temperature nonfat milk, milk, light cream, and 18% cream are used throughout the U.S. by the restaurant and foodservice industries. There are several advantages to aseptic processing and packaging over traditional pasteurization. Advantages include extended shelf life, lower energy costs, and the elimination of required refrigeration during storage and distribution. Challenges are present in all aspects of dairy processing. Major challenges associated with ultra high temperature processing and aseptic packaging of dairy foods include product quality loss, such as age gelation, fat separation, and flavor loss, as well as manufacturing issues such as limited production capacity, potential contamination, slow packaging speeds, and limited shelf life knowledge. This report reviews the history of aseptic processing, principles of ultra high temperature processing, -
Tetra Therm® Aseptic VTIS Direct UHT Treatment Unit
Tetra Therm® Aseptic VTIS Direct UHT treatment unit Application Working principle For direct UHT treatment in tubular or plate heat ex- The unit is fully automated to safeguard the aseptic sta- changers, available as a separate unit or as an integrated tus while in production. The operation can be divided into part of an aseptic dairy production solution, with guaran- four steps: teed performance. • Pre-sterilization Aseptic processing unit for continuous UHT treatment with • Production direct steam injection. Mainly for heat-sensitive low-acid products such as milk, enriched milk, cream, soy milk, formu- • Aseptic intermediate cleaning (AIC) lated dairy products, ice-cream mix, dairy desserts as well • Cleaning in place (CIP) as ESL (extended shelf life) products. The process is also suitable for smooth products like Before production can start, it is necessary to sterilize the soups, sauces, non-dairy cream and other starch based aseptic area by circulating pressurized hot water. After products and can handle smaller particles. sterilization, the unit is cooled down to production tem- perature. Finally, sterile water is circulated through the product circuit. Production starts by filling the unit with product via the balance tank. The product displaces the water/product mix to the drain or reject tank. A specially designed bal- ance tank and valve arrangement minimizes the amount of mixed product. Tetra Therm® Aseptic VTIS Working principle Standard equipment When an aseptic tank or filling machine is ready, produc- Main module tion can start. The product is regeneratively pre-heated • Batch header tank CIP dosing system to about 80 °C (application dependant) in a Tetra Pak® Tubular Heat Exchanger or, as an alternative, in a Tetra Pak® • Product balance tank with level control Plate Heat Exchanger. -
View IMS-A-52
HHS:PHS:FDA:CFSAN:OFS:DDEMP:MMPB 5001 Campus Drive College Park, MD 20740-3835 January 29, 2020 IMS-a-52 (Revised) To: Director, Office of State Cooperative Programs Attn: All Staff, Division of Milk Safety From: Milk and Milk Products Branch (HFS-316) Subject: Actions of the 2019 National Conference on Interstate Milk Shipments The 37th National Conference on Interstate Milk Shipments (NCIMS) was held in Saint Louis, Missouri, April 26-May 1, 2019. A total of seven-five (75) Proposals were submitted and deliberated at the Conference. During the Conference, the State delegates approved several changes to the Grade “A” Pasteurized Milk Ordinance (PMO) and related NCIMS documents. Following is a table showing the Actions taken by the voting delegates: # OF NO PASSED AS PASSED AS TABLED COUNCIL PROPOSALS ACTION SUBMITTED AMENDED I 23 12 6 5 0 II 42 23 6 13 0 3-Sent to 2400 2-Sent to 2400 Forms Protocol Forms Protocol III 8 1 2 5 0 JOINT 2 0 0 2 0 COUNCIL TOTAL 75 36 14 25 0 3-Sent to 2400 2-Sent to 2400 Forms Protocol Forms Protocol The following Proposals were passed and addressed changes to the PMO: 106, 108, 109, 111, 113, 117, 118, 120, 122, 203, 205, 206 (FDA originally non-concurred), 207, 208, 210 (FDA originally non-concurred), 211 (FDA originally non-concurred), 215, 216, 301, 308, JC-1(FDA originally non-concurred) and JC-2. The following Proposals were passed and addressed changes to the Procedures Governing the Cooperative State-Public Health Service/Food and Drug Administration Program of the National Conference on Interstate Milk Shipments (Procedures): 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308 (Identified as Procedures changes). -
Thermal Processing Outline
Thermal Processing Outline 1. Classification of Foods based on pH and aw 2. Microbiology 3. Blanching, Pasteurization, ESL (incl. Ultra- Pasteurization), UHT, Hot Fill, Minimal processing 4. Canning Operations 5. Thermal Processing Equipment 6. Kinetics (D & z values) 7. Process Safety (F value) and Product Quality (C value) 8. Process Optimization 9. Shelf Life 10.Time Temperature Integrator (TTI) 1. Classification of Foods Based on pH & aw Classification of Foods based on pH • Low acid: pH ≥ 4.6; Acid: pH < 4.6 (C. botulinum) • More specific classification – Low acid: pH > 5.3 • Red meat, poultry, seafood, milk, corn, peas, lima beans, potatoes, cauliflower – Medium acid: 4.5 < pH < 5.3 • Spaghetti, soups, sauces, asparagus, beets, pumpkin, spinach, green beans, turnip, cabbage – Acid: 3.7 < pH < 4.5 • Tomato, pear, fig, pineapple, apricot, yogurt, white cheese, beer – High acid: pH < 3.7 • Sauerkraut, pickles, berries, citrus, rhubarb, wine, vinegar, plums, currants, apples, strawberries, peaches Classification of Foods Based on mc or aw • High moisture foods (50+% -- 70-99%) – Fruits, vegetables, juices, raw meat, fish • Intermediate moisture foods (15-50%) – Bread, hard cheeses, sausages • Low moisture foods (0-15%) – Dehydrated vegetables, grains, milk powder, dry soup mixes Importance of aw: Honey at 20% mc is shelf stable, while potato at 20% is not 2. Microbiology Classification of Bacteria • Based on Oxygen – Aerobes (Need oxygen for growth) • Microaerophile: Need only small amount of oxygen for growth – Anaerobes • Obligate: